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Pseudo-anglicism

May 13, 2023

A pseudo-anglicism is a word in another language that is formed from English elements and may appear to be English, but that does not exist as an English word with the same meaning.[1][2][3][4][5]

For example, English speakers traveling in France may be struck by the "number of anglicisms—or rather words that look English—which are used in a different sense than they have in English, or which do not exist in English (such as rallye-paper, shake-hand, baby-foot, or baby-parc)".[6]

This is different from a false friend, which is a word with a cognate that has a different main meaning. Sometimes pseudo-anglicisms become false friends.[7]

Definition and terminology

Pseudo-anglicisms are also called secondary anglicisms,[8] false anglicisms,[9] or pseudo-English.[10]

Pseudo-anglicisms are a kind of lexical borrowing where the source or donor language is English, but where the borrowing is reworked in the receptor or recipient language.[11][12]

The precise definition varies. Duckworth defines pseudo-anglicisms in German as "neologisms derived from English language material."[11][13] Furiassi includes words that may exist in English with a "conspicuously different meaning".[14]

Typology and mechanism

Pseudo-anglicisms can be created in various ways, such as by archaism, i.e., words which once had that meaning in English but are since abandoned; semantic slide, where an English word is used incorrectly to mean something else; conversion of existing words from one part of speech to another; or recombinations by reshuffling English units.[15]

Onysko speaks of two types: pseudo-anglicisms and hybrid anglicisms. The common factor is that each type represents a neologism in the receptor language resulting from a combination of borrowed lexical items from English. Using German as the receptor language, an example of the first type is Wellfit-Bar, a combination of two English lexical units to form a new term in German, which does not exist in English, and which carries the meaning, "a bar that caters to the needs of health-starved people." An example of the second type, is a hybrid based on a German compound word, Weitsprung (long jump), plus the English 'coach', to create the new German word Weitsprung-Coach.[11]

According to Filipović, pseudoanglicisms can be formed through composition, derivation, or ellipsis. Composition in Serbo-Croatian involves creating a new compound from an English word to which is added the word man, as in the example, "GOAL" + man, giving golman. In derivation, a suffix -er or -ist is added to an anglicism, to create a new word in Serbo-Croatian, such as teniser, or vaterpolist. An ellipsis drops something, and starts from a compound and drops a component, or from a derivative and drops -ing, as in boks from "boxing", or "hepiend" from "happy ending".[16]

Another process of word formation that can result in a pseudo-anglicism is a blend word, consisting of portions of two words, like brunch or smog. Rey-Debove & Gagnon attest tansad in French in 1919, from English tan[dem] + sad[dle].[17]

Scope

Pseudo-anglicisms can be found in many languages that have contact with English around the world, and are attested in nearly all European languages.[18]

The equivalent of pseudo-Anglicisms derived from languages other than English also exist. For example, the English-language phrase "double entendre," while often believed to be French and pronounced in a French fashion, is not actually used in French. For other examples, see dog Latin, list of pseudo-French words adapted to English, and list of pseudo-German words adapted to English.

Examples

Many languages

Some pseudo-anglicisms are found in many languages and have been characterized as "world-wide pseudo-English",[19] often borrowed via other languages such as French or Italian:[20]

Japanese

Further information: List of gairaigo and wasei-eigo terms
  • salaryman (サラリーマン, sararīman)[34] – a white collar employee (salaried worker)
  • Pokémon (ポケモン,"pocket monster")[34]

Korean

Main article: Konglish
Further information: List of Konglish terms

Romance

French

French includes many pseudo-anglicisms, including novel compounds (baby-foot), specifically compounds in -man (tennisman), truncations (foot), places in -ing (dancing meaning dancing-place, not the act of dancing), and a large variety of meaning shifts.[38]

  • baby-foot[39] (m, pronounced [ba.bi.fut]) – table football
  • baby-parc[39] – playpen
  • blind test – music quiz / 'name that tune'
  • brushing – blow-dry and styling[40][41]
  • building – high-rise building, tower block[40][21]
  • dancing – dance hall[38]
  • flirt – a brief romance, flirtation, a boyfriend or girlfriend[21]
  • footing – jogging (though the real English word is also used in French with the same meaning)
  • night shop (m, Belgium) – late-opening grocery shop
  • pressing – dry cleaning shop,
  • rallye-paper[39] – a "fox-and-hounds" like game, except with paper scraps instead of foxes[42]
  • recordman (m; pl: recordmans; f:recordwoman) – record holder, especially in sports
  • relooker (verb) to make over; also: relooking (n; masc.) – a makeover
  • rugbyman (n; masc.) – rugby player
  • shake-hand[39]
  • shampooing – shampoo[38]
  • speaker, speakerine (feminine) – radio or television announcer[38]
  • standing – luxury, prestige[38]
  • surf – surfing[38]
  • tennisman – a tennis player

Italian

Brazilian Portuguese

  • outdoor - billboard
  • pendrive – usb flash drive «pendrive»


Germanic

Danish

Dutch

German

See also: Denglisch

German pseudo anglicisms often have multiple valid and common ways of writing them, generally either hyphenated (Home-Office) or in one word (Homeoffice).[57] Infrequently, CamelCase may also be used.[citation needed]

  • Beamer – a video projector[58]
  • Bodybag – a messenger bag
  • Dressman – a male model (Onysko calls this the 'canonical example' of a pseudo-anglicism.[11])
  • Flipper – a pinball machine[59]
  • Funsport – a sport played for amusement, such as skateboarding or frisbee[40][60]
  • Handy – a mobile phone[61]
  • Homeoffice – working from home, used as a noun[57]
  • Jobticket – a free pass for public transport provided by an employer for employees[62]
  • Oldtimer – an antique car[40]
  • Public Viewing – a public viewing event (party) of a football match or similar
  • Shooting – a photoshoot[59]
  • trampen (verb) – hitchhiking[63]
  • mobbing - bullying

Norwegian

  • sixpence – Flat cap[64]

Swedish

  • after work – a meeting for drinks after the workday is finished[65]
  • backslick – A wet, combed-back hair style[citation needed]
  • pocket – A paper-back book[66]

Slavic

Polish

Russian

Austronesian

Tagalog

Main article: Philippine English
Further information: Taglish

Malaysian Malay

Other languages

Hebrew

  • projector - head of project

See also

References

  1. ^ Ayres-Bennett 2014, p. 325,335.
  2. ^ Ilse Sørensen, English im deutschen Wortschatz, 1997, p. 18, as quoted in Onysko, 2007, p. 53: "words that look English, but which deviate from genuine English words either formally or semantically"
  3. ^ Sicherl 1999, p. 14.
  4. ^ Duckworth 1977.
  5. ^ Onysko 2007, p. 52The term pseudo-anglicism" describes the phenomenon that occurs when the RL['receptor language'; p.14] uses lexical elements of the SL['source language'; p.14] to create a neologism in the RL that is unknown in the SL. For the German language, Duckworth simply defines pseudo anglicisms as German neologisms derived from English language material.
  6. ^ Nicol Spence 1976, as quoted in Ayres-Bennett, 2014, p. 335
  7. ^ Henrik Gottlieb, "Danish pseudo-Anglicisms: A corpus-based analysis", p. 65 in Furiassi 2015
  8. ^ Filipović 1990.
  9. ^ Saugera 2017, p. 54, 3.4.2 False anglicisms.
  10. ^ Picone 1996, p. 316.
  11. ^ a b c d Onysko 2007, p. 52.
  12. ^ Carstensen 2015, p. 77
    The influence of a 'donor language' upon a 'recipient language' can be seen also, and above all, in the so-called pseudo-loanwords, as the literature names them. Den intensiven Einfluß einer donor language auf eine recipient language zeigen auch und ganz besonders die in der Literatur so genannten Scheinentlehnungen an.
  13. ^ Duckworth 1977, [page needed] : Neubildungen der deutschen Sprache mit Englischem Sprachmaterial.; as quoted in: Carstensen (2015, p. 77)
  14. ^ Furiassi 2010, p. 34, quoted in Lujan-Garcia (2017, p. 281)
    "[A] word or idiom that is recognizably English in its form (spelling, pronunciation, morphology, or at least one of the three), but is accepted as an item in the vocabulary of the receptor language even though it does not exist or is used with a conspicuously different meaning in English."
  15. ^ Anderman 2005, p. 164.
  16. ^ Filipović 1990, p. 138–139, 4.7 Adaptation of pseudoanglicisms.
  17. ^ Rey-Debove 1990, p. 1018.
  18. ^ Furiassi 2015, p. 17.
  19. ^ Broder Carstensen, "Euro-English", in Linguistics across historical and geographical boundaries: in honour of Jacek Fisiak..., 2, in Trends in Linguistics: Studies and Monographs 32, 1986, p. 831
  20. ^ e.g., Λεξικό της κοινής Νεοελληνικής s.v. σμόκιν
  21. ^ a b c d e Collins le Robert French Dictionary, 11th ed., 2020, s.v.
  22. ^ «Autostop» , Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia italiana
  23. ^ a b c d Georgios Babiniotis, Λεξικό της Νέας Ελληνικής Γλώσσας, 1998, s.v.
  24. ^ a b c Gorlach, 2001, s.v.
  25. ^ "SBL Herr". www.sblherr.se.
  26. ^ PONS Online Dictionary
  27. ^ PONS Online Dictionary
  28. '^ PONS Online Dictionary
  29. ^ "Camping".
  30. ^ smoking, Den Danske Ordbog
  31. ^ "Smoking".
  32. ^ "Duden | Smoking | Rechtschreibung, Bedeutung, Definition, Herkunft". www.duden.de (in German). Retrieved 13 August 2021.
  33. ^ Oxford Paravia Italian Dictionary, 2001, ISBN 0198604378, s.v.
  34. ^ a b Furiassi 2015, p. 42.
  35. ^ https://en.dict.naver.com/#/search?query=%EC%9B%90%EC%83%B7
  36. ^ https://en.dict.naver.com/#/search?query=%ED%95%B8%EB%93%9C%ED%8F%B0
  37. ^ "8 words that look like English but actually aren't - ESL language studies abroad". ESL Stories. 1 October 2019. Retrieved 29 July 2021.
  38. ^ a b c d e f Clyde Thogmartin, "Some 'English' Words in French", The French Review 57:4:447-455 (March 1984) JSTOR 393310
  39. ^ a b c d Ayres-Bennett 2014, p. 335.
  40. ^ a b c d e f Matthew Anderson, "The foreign words that seem like English – but aren't", BBC Culture 13 October 2016
  41. ^ Collins le Robert French Dictionary, 11th ed., 2020, s.v. (usage note)
  42. ^ Geyer 1903, p. 19.
  43. ^ «Autogrill» , Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia italiana
  44. ^ «Beauty farm» , Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia italiana
  45. ^ «Bloc-Notes» , Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia italiana
  46. ^ Cristiano Furiassi, "How jolly is the joker? Problemi di traducibilità dei falsi anglicismi" in the Atti del 5° congresso di studi dell’Associazione Italiana di Linguistica Applicata (AItLA). Bari, 17,18 febbraio 2005
  47. ^ babylift, Den Danske Ordbog
  48. ^ butterfly, Den Danske Ordbog
  49. ^ cottoncoat, Den Danske Ordbog
  50. ^ cowboytoast, Den Danske Ordbog
  51. ^ "Legekøkken | Køb dit legetøjskøkken online her | Coop.dk". shopping.coop.dk.
  52. ^ monkeyclass, Den Danske Ordbog
  53. ^ speedmarker, Den Danske Ordbog
  54. ^ stationcar, Den Danske Ordbog
  55. ^ timemanager, Den Danske Ordbog
  56. ^ Vullers, Pim (2012). "Beamer (LaTeX)". Radboud University. Retrieved 9 December 2020.
  57. ^ a b "Duden | Homeoffice | Rechtschreibung, Bedeutung, Definition, Herkunft". www.duden.de (in German). Retrieved 13 August 2021.
  58. ^ "Duden | Beamer | Rechtschreibung, Bedeutung, Definition, Herkunft". www.duden.de (in German). Retrieved 14 March 2021.
  59. ^ a b "German Pseudo-Anglicisms - Yabla German - Free German Lessons".
  60. ^ "Duden | Funsport | Rechtschreibung, Bedeutung, Definition, Herkunft". www.duden.de (in German). Retrieved 13 August 2021.
  61. ^ "Handy ohne Vertrag: Angebote März 2023". www.sparhandy.de.
  62. ^ "Duden | Jobticket | Rechtschreibung, Bedeutung, Definition, Herkunft". www.duden.de (in German). Retrieved 13 March 2021.
  63. ^ "Duden | Trampen | Rechtschreibung, Bedeutung, Definition, Herkunft". www.duden.de (in German). Retrieved 13 May 2021.
  64. ^ "Sixpence". www.skittfiske.no. Retrieved 18 September 2022.
  65. ^ "After work ett svenskt påhitt". Dagens Nyheter (in Swedish). 11 March 2015. Retrieved 12 December 2015.
  66. ^ "Topplistan Pocket - Akademibokhandeln". www.akademibokhandeln.se.
  67. ^ "dres". Słownik wyrazów obcych (in Polish). Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN. Retrieved 11 April 2012.[permanent dead link]
  68. ^ "Преимущества и недостатки дресс-кроссинга". 19 September 2015.
  69. ^ Baldwin 2020, Клипмейкер.
  70. ^ «страйкбол», «Словари и энциклопедии на Академике»
  71. ^ Страйкбол, «Википедия»
  72. ^ Escalona, Katrina (5 September 2017). "16 English Words and Sayings Travellers Won't Understand in the Philippines". theculturetrip.com. Retrieved 7 January 2019.
  73. ^ a b c d e f Johari, Farouq. "21 'English Words' Yang Menyimpang Jauh Maksudnya Bila Orang Kita Guna Untuk Bersembang". says.com.
  74. ^ a b c d "9 perkataan English yang terpesong maknanya bila di-Melayukan". soscili.my. 13 August 2016. Retrieved 5 September 2022.
  75. ^ a b c Roslan, Rizmi (18 January 2015). "10 Perkataan English Yang Telah Di Melayukan. Mat Salleh Pun Takkan Faham". The Vocket.

Sources

  • Anderman, Gunilla M.; Rogers, Margaret; Gottlieb, Henrik (1 January 2005). "11 Anglicisms and Translation". In and Out of English: For Better, for Worse?. Translating Europe. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters. p. 164. ISBN 978-1-85359-787-9. OCLC 812195823.
  • Ayres-Bennett, Wendy; Carruthers, Janice; Temple, Rosalind (25 February 2014). "12.4 'Hybrids' and pseudo-anglicisms". Problems and Perspectives: Studies in the Modern French Language. Longman linguistics library. London: Routledge. p. 335. ISBN 978-1-317-88652-5. OCLC 871224464.
  • Baldwin, Yuliya (2020). English Loans in Contemporary Russian. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-000-20618-0.
  • Betz, Werner; Kolb, Herbert; Lauffer, Hartmut (1977). Sprachliche Interferenz (in German). Niemeyer. ISBN 978-3-484-10285-9.
  • Carstensen, Broder (16 November 2015) [1st pub. Gunter Narr:1980]. "Semantische Scheinentlehnungen des Deutschen aus dem Englischen". In Viereck, Wolfgang (ed.). Studien zum Einfluß der englischen Sprache auf das Deutsche [Studies on the Influence of the English Language on German]. Tübingener beigrag zur Linguistik #132 (in German). BoD – Books on Demand. p. 77. ISBN 978-3-87808-132-6. OCLC 1006045710.
  • Campos-Pardillos, Miguel Ángel (2015). "All Is not English that Glitters: False Anglicisms in the Spanish Language of Sports" (PDF). Atlantis Journal of the Spanish Association of Anglo-American Studies. AEDEAN: Asociación española de estudios anglo-americanos. 37 (2): 155–174. eISSN 1989-6840. ISSN 0210-6124. JSTOR 24757788.
  • Duckworth, David (1977). Best, Werner; Kolb, Werner; Lauffer, Hartmut (eds.). Zur terminologischen Grundlage der Forschung auf dem Gebiet der englisch-deutschen Interferenz. Kritische Übersicht, und neue Vorschlag [The Terminological Basis of Research in the Field of English-German Interference. Critical Overview, and New Proposal.] (in German). Tübingen: Niemeyer. ISBN 9783484102859. OCLC 185584225. Neubildungen der deutschen Sprache mit Englischem Sprachmaterial.
  • Filipović, Rudof; Partridge, Monica; Herrity, Peter; Jones, Malcolm V.; Terry, Garth M. (1990). "Secondary Anglicisms in a Dictionary of Anglicisms in Serbo-Croatian". The Bell of freedom: essays presented to Monica Partridge on the occasion of her 75th birthday. Nottingham: Astra Press. ISBN 978-0-946134-17-5. OCLC 246527030. Retrieved 14 February 2018.
  • Furiassi, Cristiano (2010). False Anglicisms in Italian. Monza (Milano): Polimetrica. ISBN 978-88-7699-203-2. OCLC 712112149.
  • Furiassi, Cristiano; Pulcini, Virginia; Rodríguez González, Félix (2012). The Anglicization of European Lexis. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing. p. 158. ISBN 978-90-272-1195-8.
  • Furiassi, Cristiano; Gottlieb, Henrik (10 March 2015). "2 Qualifying pseudo-Anglicisms". Pseudo-English: Studies on False Anglicisms in Europe. Berlin: De Gruyter. p. 17. ISBN 978-1-5015-0023-7.
  • Geyer's Stationer: Devoted to the Interests of the Stationery, Fancy Goods and Notion Trades. New York: Andrew Geyer. 1903. OCLC 1009011742. Retrieved 13 May 2018.
  • Görlach, Manfred (2001). A Dictionary of European Anglicisms: A Usage Dictionary of Anglicisms in Sixteen European Languages. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-823519-4. OCLC 429029188. Retrieved 21 February 2018.
  • Görlach, Manfred (23 May 2002). English in Europe. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-158069-7. OCLC 768118863. Retrieved 21 February 2018.
  • Großmann, Anja (2008). "2.2 Die Typologie der Anglizismen nach Jürgen Spitzmüller". Frequenz und Verwendungskontexte des Anglizismus Design in der deutschen Sprache (Studienarbeit) (in German). GRIN Verlag. pp. 4–. ISBN 978-3-640-17674-8.
  • Luján-García, Carmen (2017). "Analysis of the presence of Anglicisms in a Spanish internet forum: some terms from the fields of fashion, beauty and leisure". Alicante Journal of English Studies. 30 (30): 277. doi:10.14198/raei.2017.30.10.
  • Onysko, Alexander (2007). "4 Pseudo anglicisms and hybrid anglicisms". Anglicisms in German: Borrowing, Lexical Productivity, and Written Codeswitching. Linguistik: Impulse & Tendenzen, 23. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter. p. 52. ISBN 978-3-11-019946-8. OCLC 901310392.
  • Picone, Michael D. (18 October 1996). Anglicisms, Neologisms and Dynamic French. Lingvisticae Investigationes Supplementa Ser.,18. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company. p. 350. ISBN 978-90-272-7614-8. OCLC 769341957. Retrieved 14 February 2018.
  • Rey-Debove, Josette; Gagnon, Gilberte (1990). Dictionnaire des anglicismes : les mots anglais et américains en français [Dictionary of Anglicisms: English and American Words in French]. Usuels du Robert (in French). Paris: Le Robert. ISBN 9782850360275. OCLC 756955952.
  • Rosenhouse, Judith, Rotem Kowner, eds., Globally Speaking: Motives for Adopting English Vocabulary in Other Languages, 2008, ISBN 1783091533
  • Saugera, Valérie (2017). Remade in France: Anglicisms in the Lexicon and Morphology of French. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-062554-2. OCLC 1013564643. Retrieved 14 February 2018.
  • Scheibel, Larissa (21 February 2007). "2.2 Entlehnungen". Anglizismen/Amerikanismen im Deutschen und Russischen am Beispiel von Online Zeitschriften (Master's thesis) (in German). GRIN Verlag. pp. 10–. ISBN 978-3-638-59645-9.
  • Sicherl, Eva; Šabec, Nada; Gabrovšek, Dušan (1999). The English Element in Contemporary Standard Slovene: Phonological, Morphological and Semantic Aspects. Razprave Filozofske fakultete. Znanstveni inštitut Filozofske fakultete. p. 14. ISBN 978-86-7207-114-6. OCLC 442412304.
  • Winter, Werner; Societas Linguistica Europaea. Meeting (1995). On Languages and Language: The Presidential Addresses of the 1991 Meeting of the Societas Linguistica Europaea. Trends in linguistics., Studies and monographs; 78. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter. ISBN 978-3-11-013257-1. OCLC 924736602. Retrieved 14 February 2018.
  • Winter-Froemel, Esme (29 August 2011). "3.4 Entlehnung un Scheinentlehnung nach traditionellen Auffasungen". Entlehnung in der Kommunikation und im Sprachwandel: Theorie und Analysen zum Französischen (in German) (Berlin ed.). Walter de Gruyter. pp. 45–. ISBN 978-3-11-023506-7.
  • Yang, Wenliang (1 January 1990). "1.5.2.1 Fremdwort und Lehnwort". Anglizismen im Deutschen: am Beispiel des Nachrichtenmagazins 'Der Spiegel'. Reihe Germanistische Linguistik, 106 (in German). Tuebingen: Walter de Gruyter. pp. 12–. ISBN 978-3-11-167615-9.
  • Zenner, Eline; Kristiansen, Gitte (1 January 2014). New Perspectives on Lexical Borrowing: Onomasiological, Methodological and Phraseological Innovations. Boston: De Gruyter Mouton. pp. 2, 10. ISBN 978-1-61451-430-5.

Further reading

  • James Stanlaw 2004, Japanese English: Language And The Culture Contact, Hong Kong University Press.
  • Laura Miller 1997, "Wasei eigo: English ‘loanwords' coined in Japan" in The Life of Language: Papers in Linguistics in Honor of William Bright, edited by Jane Hill, P.J. Mistry and Lyle Campbell, Mouton/De Gruyter: The Hague, pp. 123–139.
  • Geoff Parkes and Alan Cornell 1992, 'NTC's Dictionary of German False Cognates', National Textbook Company, NTC Publishing Group.
  • Ghil'ad Zuckermann 2003, ‘‘Language Contact and Lexical Enrichment in Israeli Hebrew’’, Houndmills: Palgrave Macmillan, (Palgrave Studies in Language History and Language Change, Series editor: Charles Jones). ISBN 1-4039-1723-X.

External links

  • Examples of Japanese pseudo-anglicisms

May 13, 2023
pseudo, anglicism, this, article, uses, bare, urls, which, uninformative, vulnerable, link, please, consider, converting, them, full, citations, ensure, article, remains, verifiable, maintains, consistent, citation, style, several, templates, tools, available,. This article uses bare URLs which are uninformative and vulnerable to link rot Please consider converting them to full citations to ensure the article remains verifiable and maintains a consistent citation style Several templates and tools are available to assist in formatting such as Reflinks documentation reFill documentation and Citation bot documentation August 2022 Learn how and when to remove this template message A pseudo anglicism is a word in another language that is formed from English elements and may appear to be English but that does not exist as an English word with the same meaning 1 2 3 4 5 For example English speakers traveling in France may be struck by the number of anglicisms or rather words that look English which are used in a different sense than they have in English or which do not exist in English such as rallye paper shake hand baby foot or baby parc 6 This is different from a false friend which is a word with a cognate that has a different main meaning Sometimes pseudo anglicisms become false friends 7 Contents 1 Definition and terminology 2 Typology and mechanism 3 Scope 4 Examples 4 1 Many languages 4 2 Japanese 4 3 Korean 4 4 Romance 4 4 1 French 4 4 2 Italian 4 4 3 Brazilian Portuguese 4 5 Germanic 4 5 1 Danish 4 5 2 Dutch 4 5 3 German 4 5 4 Norwegian 4 5 5 Swedish 4 6 Slavic 4 6 1 Polish 4 6 2 Russian 4 7 Austronesian 4 7 1 Tagalog 4 7 2 Malaysian Malay 4 8 Other languages 4 8 1 Hebrew 5 See also 6 References 7 Sources 8 Further reading 9 External linksDefinition and terminology EditPseudo anglicisms are also called secondary anglicisms 8 false anglicisms 9 or pseudo English 10 Pseudo anglicisms are a kind of lexical borrowing where the source or donor language is English but where the borrowing is reworked in the receptor or recipient language 11 12 The precise definition varies Duckworth defines pseudo anglicisms in German as neologisms derived from English language material 11 13 Furiassi includes words that may exist in English with a conspicuously different meaning 14 Typology and mechanism EditPseudo anglicisms can be created in various ways such as by archaism i e words which once had that meaning in English but are since abandoned semantic slide where an English word is used incorrectly to mean something else conversion of existing words from one part of speech to another or recombinations by reshuffling English units 15 Onysko speaks of two types pseudo anglicisms and hybrid anglicisms The common factor is that each type represents a neologism in the receptor language resulting from a combination of borrowed lexical items from English Using German as the receptor language an example of the first type is Wellfit Bar a combination of two English lexical units to form a new term in German which does not exist in English and which carries the meaning a bar that caters to the needs of health starved people An example of the second type is a hybrid based on a German compound word Weitsprung long jump plus the English coach to create the new German word Weitsprung Coach 11 According to Filipovic pseudoanglicisms can be formed through composition derivation or ellipsis Composition in Serbo Croatian involves creating a new compound from an English word to which is added the word man as in the example GOAL man giving golman In derivation a suffix er or ist is added to an anglicism to create a new word in Serbo Croatian such as teniser or vaterpolist An ellipsis drops something and starts from a compound and drops a component or from a derivative and drops ing as in boks from boxing or hepiend from happy ending 16 Another process of word formation that can result in a pseudo anglicism is a blend word consisting of portions of two words like brunch or smog Rey Debove amp Gagnon attest tansad in French in 1919 from English tan dem sad dle 17 Scope EditPseudo anglicisms can be found in many languages that have contact with English around the world and are attested in nearly all European languages 18 The equivalent of pseudo Anglicisms derived from languages other than English also exist For example the English language phrase double entendre while often believed to be French and pronounced in a French fashion is not actually used in French For other examples see dog Latin list of pseudo French words adapted to English and list of pseudo German words adapted to English Examples EditMany languages Edit Some pseudo anglicisms are found in many languages and have been characterized as world wide pseudo English 19 often borrowed via other languages such as French or Italian 20 autostop hitchhiking in French 21 Italian 22 Polish Serbo Croatian Greek otostop 23 Russian avtostop Spanish Bulgarian Hungarian Dutch etc 24 basket basketball in Danish French Dutch Indonesian Italian Spanish Swedish 25 Greek mpasket 23 Turkish etc 24 also sneakers in French camping campsite or campground in French 21 Greek kampingk 23 Bulgarian kmping 26 Russian ke mping 27 Polish kemping 28 Portuguese 29 etc smoking dinner jacket tuxedo or smoking jacket in Danish 30 French 21 Portuguese 31 German 32 Italian 33 Greek smokin 23 Russian etc 24 Japanese Edit Further information List of gairaigo and wasei eigo terms salaryman サラリーマン sarariman 34 a white collar employee salaried worker Pokemon ポケモン pocket monster 34 Korean Edit Main article Konglish Further information List of Konglish terms one shot bottoms up 원샷 wʌn ɕjat 35 failed verification hand phone cellphone 핸드폰 hɛn dɯ pon 36 failed verification skinship platonic hand holding hugging etc 스킨십 seu kin sib 37 Romance Edit French Edit French includes many pseudo anglicisms including novel compounds baby foot specifically compounds in man tennisman truncations foot places in ing dancing meaning dancing place not the act of dancing and a large variety of meaning shifts 38 baby foot 39 m pronounced ba bi fut table football baby parc 39 playpen blind test music quiz name that tune brushing blow dry and styling 40 41 building high rise building tower block 40 21 dancing dance hall 38 flirt a brief romance flirtation a boyfriend or girlfriend 21 footing jogging though the real English word is also used in French with the same meaning night shop m Belgium late opening grocery shop pressing dry cleaning shop rallye paper 39 a fox and hounds like game except with paper scraps instead of foxes 42 recordman m pl recordmans f recordwoman record holder especially in sports relooker verb to make over also relooking n masc a makeover rugbyman n masc rugby player shake hand 39 shampooing shampoo 38 speaker speakerine feminine radio or television announcer 38 standing luxury prestige 38 surf surfing 38 tennisman a tennis playerItalian Edit autogrill Italian pronunciation autoˈɡril 43 rest area used for any brand not only for Autogrill chain beauty farm 44 Italian pronunciation bjutiˈfarm spa The French borrowing bloc notes French pronunciation blɔknɔt is sometimes written in the pseudo English form block notes Italian pronunciation blɔkˈnɔts 45 notebook jolly the joker in a pack of cards 40 46 smart working Italian pronunciation zmartˈworking remote work where smart is used referring to other devices with internet connection such as smartphones and smartwatches Brazilian Portuguese Edit outdoor billboard pendrive usb flash drive pendrive Germanic Edit Danish Edit babylift baby transport carrycot 47 40 butterfly bow tie 48 cottoncoat trench coat 49 cowboytoast minced meat sandwich 50 grillparty a barbecue party 51 monkeyclass economy class 52 speedmarker a felt tip pen 53 stationcar conflation of station wagon US and estate car UK 54 timemanager a calendar or notebook in which one writes down appointments from the registered trademark Time Manager 55 Dutch Edit beamer a video projector via German pseudo anglicism Beamer 56 better source needed oldtimer an antique car sport to exercise or engage in a sport touringcar a coach bus German Edit See also Denglisch German pseudo anglicisms often have multiple valid and common ways of writing them generally either hyphenated Home Office or in one word Homeoffice 57 Infrequently CamelCase may also be used citation needed Beamer a video projector 58 Bodybag a messenger bag Dressman a male model Onysko calls this the canonical example of a pseudo anglicism 11 Flipper a pinball machine 59 Funsport a sport played for amusement such as skateboarding or frisbee 40 60 Handy a mobile phone 61 Homeoffice working from home used as a noun 57 Jobticket a free pass for public transport provided by an employer for employees 62 Oldtimer an antique car 40 Public Viewing a public viewing event party of a football match or similar Shooting a photoshoot 59 trampen verb hitchhiking 63 mobbing bullyingNorwegian Edit sixpence Flat cap 64 Swedish Edit after work a meeting for drinks after the workday is finished 65 backslick A wet combed back hair style citation needed pocket A paper back book 66 Slavic Edit Polish Edit dres tracksuit 67 sometimes also short for dresiarz chav pendrive USB flash drive camping campsiteRussian Edit Dress krossing Dress crossing clothing swap 68 analogous to postcrossing bookcrossing not to be confused with cross dressing Klipmejker Clip maker music video director 69 Strajkbol strikeball 70 71 airsoft Fejskontrol Face control the policy of screening people based on their appearance citation needed Animator Animator children s entertainer Kemping camping campsite Rekordsmen records man record holderAustronesian Edit Tagalog Edit Main article Philippine English Further information Taglish jeepney a mode of public transport in the Philippines much like a form of share taxi 72 failed verification Malaysian Malay Edit action boast boastful 73 best good 73 74 cable personal connection or insider 73 75 power great 73 74 sound scold 73 74 spender undergarment for lower body e g briefs and panties 73 74 75 terror great 75 Other languages Edit Hebrew Edit projector head of projectSee also EditAnglicism Barbarism modern linguistics Calque Denglisch False friend Language transfer Loanword List of pseudo German words adapted to English List of pseudo French words adapted to English Phono semantic matching Wasei eigoReferences Edit Ayres Bennett 2014 p 325 335 Ilse Sorensen English im deutschen Wortschatz 1997 p 18 as quoted in Onysko 2007 p 53 words that look English but which deviate from genuine English words either formally or semantically Sicherl 1999 p 14 Duckworth 1977 Onysko 2007 p 52The term pseudo anglicism describes the phenomenon that occurs when the RL receptor language p 14 uses lexical elements of the SL source language p 14 to create a neologism in the RL that is unknown in the SL For the German language Duckworth simply defines pseudo anglicisms as German neologisms derived from English language material Nicol Spence 1976 as quoted in Ayres Bennett 2014 p 335 Henrik Gottlieb Danish pseudo Anglicisms A corpus based analysis p 65 in Furiassi 2015 Filipovic 1990 Saugera 2017 p 54 3 4 2 False anglicisms Picone 1996 p 316 a b c d Onysko 2007 p 52 Carstensen 2015 p 77The influence of a donor language upon a recipient language can be seen also and above all in the so called pseudo loanwords as the literature names them Den intensiven Einfluss einerdonor languageauf einerecipient languagezeigen auch und ganz besonders die in der Literatur so genannten Scheinentlehnungen an Duckworth 1977 page needed Neubildungen der deutschen Sprache mit Englischem Sprachmaterial as quoted in Carstensen 2015 p 77 Furiassi 2010 p 34 quoted in Lujan Garcia 2017 p 281 A word or idiom that is recognizably English in its form spelling pronunciation morphology or at least one of the three but is accepted as an item in the vocabulary of the receptor language even though it does not exist or is used with a conspicuously different meaning in English Anderman 2005 p 164 Filipovic 1990 p 138 139 4 7 Adaptation of pseudoanglicisms Rey Debove 1990 p 1018 Furiassi 2015 p 17 Broder Carstensen Euro English in Linguistics across historical and geographical boundaries in honour of Jacek Fisiak 2 in Trends in Linguistics Studies and Monographs 32 1986 p 831 e g Le3iko ths koinhs Neoellhnikhs s v smokin a b c d e Collins le Robert French Dictionary 11th ed 2020 s v Autostop Vocabolario Treccani on line Istituto dell Enciclopedia italiana a b c d Georgios Babiniotis Le3iko ths Neas Ellhnikhs Glwssas 1998 s v a b c Gorlach 2001 s v SBL Herr www sblherr se PONS Online Dictionary PONS Online Dictionary PONS Online Dictionary Camping smoking Den Danske Ordbog Smoking Duden Smoking Rechtschreibung Bedeutung Definition Herkunft www duden de in German Retrieved 13 August 2021 Oxford Paravia Italian Dictionary 2001 ISBN 0198604378 s v a b Furiassi 2015 p 42 https en dict naver com search query EC 9B 90 EC 83 B7 https en dict naver com search query ED 95 B8 EB 93 9C ED 8F B0 8 words that look like English but actually aren t ESL language studies abroad ESL Stories 1 October 2019 Retrieved 29 July 2021 a b c d e f Clyde Thogmartin Some English Words in French The French Review 57 4 447 455 March 1984 JSTOR 393310 a b c d Ayres Bennett 2014 p 335 a b c d e f Matthew Anderson The foreign words that seem like English but aren t BBC Culture 13 October 2016 Collins le Robert French Dictionary 11th ed 2020 s v usage note Geyer 1903 p 19 Autogrill Vocabolario Treccani on line Istituto dell Enciclopedia italiana Beauty farm Vocabolario Treccani on line Istituto dell Enciclopedia italiana Bloc Notes Vocabolario Treccani on line Istituto dell Enciclopedia italiana Cristiano Furiassi How jolly is the joker Problemi di traducibilita dei falsi anglicismi in the Atti del 5 congresso di studi dell Associazione Italiana di Linguistica Applicata AItLA Bari 17 18 febbraio 2005 babylift Den Danske Ordbog butterfly Den Danske Ordbog cottoncoat Den Danske Ordbog cowboytoast Den Danske Ordbog Legekokken Kob dit legetojskokken online her Coop dk shopping coop dk monkeyclass Den Danske Ordbog speedmarker Den Danske Ordbog stationcar Den Danske Ordbog timemanager Den Danske Ordbog Vullers Pim 2012 Beamer LaTeX Radboud University Retrieved 9 December 2020 a b Duden Homeoffice Rechtschreibung Bedeutung Definition Herkunft www duden de in German Retrieved 13 August 2021 Duden Beamer Rechtschreibung Bedeutung Definition Herkunft www duden de in German Retrieved 14 March 2021 a b German Pseudo Anglicisms Yabla German Free German Lessons Duden Funsport Rechtschreibung Bedeutung Definition Herkunft www duden de in German Retrieved 13 August 2021 Handy ohne Vertrag Angebote Marz 2023 www sparhandy de Duden Jobticket Rechtschreibung Bedeutung Definition Herkunft www duden de in German Retrieved 13 March 2021 Duden Trampen Rechtschreibung Bedeutung Definition Herkunft www duden de in German Retrieved 13 May 2021 Sixpence www skittfiske no Retrieved 18 September 2022 After work ett svenskt pahitt Dagens Nyheter in Swedish 11 March 2015 Retrieved 12 December 2015 Topplistan Pocket Akademibokhandeln www akademibokhandeln se dres Slownik wyrazow obcych in Polish Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN Retrieved 11 April 2012 permanent dead link Preimushestva i nedostatki dress krossinga 19 September 2015 Baldwin 2020 Klipmejker strajkbol Slovari i enciklopedii na Akademike Strajkbol Vikipediya Escalona Katrina 5 September 2017 16 English Words and Sayings Travellers Won t Understand in the Philippines theculturetrip com Retrieved 7 January 2019 a b c d e f Johari Farouq 21 English Words Yang Menyimpang Jauh Maksudnya Bila Orang Kita Guna Untuk Bersembang says com a b c d 9 perkataan English yang terpesong maknanya bila di Melayukan soscili my 13 August 2016 Retrieved 5 September 2022 a b c Roslan Rizmi 18 January 2015 10 Perkataan English Yang Telah Di Melayukan Mat Salleh Pun Takkan Faham The Vocket Sources EditAnderman Gunilla M Rogers Margaret Gottlieb Henrik 1 January 2005 11 Anglicisms and Translation In and Out of English For Better for Worse Translating Europe Clevedon Multilingual Matters p 164 ISBN 978 1 85359 787 9 OCLC 812195823 Ayres Bennett Wendy Carruthers Janice Temple Rosalind 25 February 2014 12 4 Hybrids and pseudo anglicisms Problems and Perspectives Studies in the Modern French Language Longman linguistics library London Routledge p 335 ISBN 978 1 317 88652 5 OCLC 871224464 Baldwin Yuliya 2020 English Loans in Contemporary Russian Routledge ISBN 978 1 000 20618 0 Betz Werner Kolb Herbert Lauffer Hartmut 1977 Sprachliche Interferenz in German Niemeyer ISBN 978 3 484 10285 9 Carstensen Broder 16 November 2015 1st pub Gunter Narr 1980 Semantische Scheinentlehnungen des Deutschen aus dem Englischen In Viereck Wolfgang ed Studien zum Einfluss der englischen Sprache auf das Deutsche Studies on the Influence of the English Language on German Tubingener beigrag zur Linguistik 132 in German BoD Books on Demand p 77 ISBN 978 3 87808 132 6 OCLC 1006045710 Campos Pardillos Miguel Angel 2015 All Is not English that Glitters False Anglicisms in the Spanish Language of Sports PDF Atlantis Journal of the Spanish Association of Anglo American Studies AEDEAN Asociacion espanola de estudios anglo americanos 37 2 155 174 eISSN 1989 6840 ISSN 0210 6124 JSTOR 24757788 Duckworth David 1977 Best Werner Kolb Werner Lauffer Hartmut eds Zur terminologischen Grundlage der Forschung auf dem Gebiet der englisch deutschen Interferenz Kritische Ubersicht und neue Vorschlag The Terminological Basis of Research in the Field of English German Interference Critical Overview and New Proposal in German Tubingen Niemeyer ISBN 9783484102859 OCLC 185584225 Neubildungen der deutschen Sprache mit Englischem Sprachmaterial Filipovic Rudof Partridge Monica Herrity Peter Jones Malcolm V Terry Garth M 1990 Secondary Anglicisms in a Dictionary of Anglicisms in Serbo Croatian The Bell of freedom essays presented to Monica Partridge on the occasion of her 75th birthday Nottingham Astra Press ISBN 978 0 946134 17 5 OCLC 246527030 Retrieved 14 February 2018 Furiassi Cristiano 2010 False Anglicisms in Italian Monza Milano Polimetrica ISBN 978 88 7699 203 2 OCLC 712112149 Furiassi Cristiano Pulcini Virginia Rodriguez Gonzalez Felix 2012 The Anglicization of European Lexis Amsterdam John Benjamins Publishing p 158 ISBN 978 90 272 1195 8 Furiassi Cristiano Gottlieb Henrik 10 March 2015 2 Qualifying pseudo Anglicisms Pseudo English Studies on False Anglicisms in Europe Berlin De Gruyter p 17 ISBN 978 1 5015 0023 7 Geyer s Stationer Devoted to the Interests of the Stationery Fancy Goods and Notion Trades New York Andrew Geyer 1903 OCLC 1009011742 Retrieved 13 May 2018 Gorlach Manfred 2001 A Dictionary of European Anglicisms A Usage Dictionary of Anglicisms in Sixteen European Languages Oxford Oxford University Press ISBN 978 0 19 823519 4 OCLC 429029188 Retrieved 21 February 2018 Gorlach Manfred 23 May 2002 English in Europe Oxford Oxford University Press ISBN 978 0 19 158069 7 OCLC 768118863 Retrieved 21 February 2018 Grossmann Anja 2008 2 2 Die Typologie der Anglizismen nach Jurgen Spitzmuller Frequenz und Verwendungskontexte des Anglizismus Design in der deutschen Sprache Studienarbeit in German GRIN Verlag pp 4 ISBN 978 3 640 17674 8 Lujan Garcia Carmen 2017 Analysis of the presence of Anglicisms in a Spanish internet forum some terms from the fields of fashion beauty and leisure Alicante Journal of English Studies 30 30 277 doi 10 14198 raei 2017 30 10 Onysko Alexander 2007 4 Pseudo anglicisms and hybrid anglicisms Anglicisms in German Borrowing Lexical Productivity and Written Codeswitching Linguistik Impulse amp Tendenzen 23 Berlin Walter de Gruyter p 52 ISBN 978 3 11 019946 8 OCLC 901310392 Picone Michael D 18 October 1996 Anglicisms Neologisms and Dynamic French Lingvisticae Investigationes Supplementa Ser 18 Amsterdam John Benjamins Publishing Company p 350 ISBN 978 90 272 7614 8 OCLC 769341957 Retrieved 14 February 2018 Rey Debove Josette Gagnon Gilberte 1990 Dictionnaire des anglicismes les mots anglais et americains en francais Dictionary of Anglicisms English and American Words in French Usuels du Robert in French Paris Le Robert ISBN 9782850360275 OCLC 756955952 Rosenhouse Judith Rotem Kowner eds Globally Speaking Motives for Adopting English Vocabulary in Other Languages 2008 ISBN 1783091533 Saugera Valerie 2017 Remade in France Anglicisms in the Lexicon and Morphology of French New York Oxford University Press ISBN 978 0 19 062554 2 OCLC 1013564643 Retrieved 14 February 2018 Scheibel Larissa 21 February 2007 2 2 Entlehnungen Anglizismen Amerikanismen im Deutschen und Russischen am Beispiel von Online Zeitschriften Master s thesis in German GRIN Verlag pp 10 ISBN 978 3 638 59645 9 Sicherl Eva Sabec Nada Gabrovsek Dusan 1999 The English Element in Contemporary Standard Slovene Phonological Morphological and Semantic Aspects Razprave Filozofske fakultete Znanstveni institut Filozofske fakultete p 14 ISBN 978 86 7207 114 6 OCLC 442412304 Winter Werner Societas Linguistica Europaea Meeting 1995 On Languages and Language The Presidential Addresses of the 1991 Meeting of the Societas Linguistica Europaea Trends in linguistics Studies and monographs 78 Berlin Walter de Gruyter ISBN 978 3 11 013257 1 OCLC 924736602 Retrieved 14 February 2018 Winter Froemel Esme 29 August 2011 3 4 Entlehnung un Scheinentlehnung nach traditionellen Auffasungen Entlehnung in der Kommunikation und im Sprachwandel Theorie und Analysen zum Franzosischen in German Berlin ed Walter de Gruyter pp 45 ISBN 978 3 11 023506 7 Yang Wenliang 1 January 1990 1 5 2 1 Fremdwort und Lehnwort Anglizismen im Deutschen am Beispiel des Nachrichtenmagazins Der Spiegel Reihe Germanistische Linguistik 106 in German Tuebingen Walter de Gruyter pp 12 ISBN 978 3 11 167615 9 Zenner Eline Kristiansen Gitte 1 January 2014 New Perspectives on Lexical Borrowing Onomasiological Methodological and Phraseological Innovations Boston De Gruyter Mouton pp 2 10 ISBN 978 1 61451 430 5 Further reading EditJames Stanlaw 2004 Japanese English Language And The Culture Contact Hong Kong University Press Laura Miller 1997 Wasei eigo English loanwords coined in Japan in The Life of Language Papers in Linguistics in Honor of William Bright edited by Jane Hill P J Mistry and Lyle Campbell Mouton De Gruyter The Hague pp 123 139 Geoff Parkes and Alan Cornell 1992 NTC s Dictionary of German False Cognates National Textbook Company NTC Publishing Group Ghil ad Zuckermann 2003 Language Contact and Lexical Enrichment in Israeli Hebrew Houndmills Palgrave Macmillan Palgrave Studies in Language History and Language Change Series editor Charles Jones ISBN 1 4039 1723 X External links EditExamples of Japanese pseudo anglicisms Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Pseudo anglicism amp oldid 1154317774, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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