Siona language
Siona (otherwise known as Bain Coca, Pioje, Pioche-Sioni, Ganteyabain, Ganteya, Ceona, Zeona, Koka, Kanú) is a Tucanoan language of Colombia and Ecuador. The language is essentially the same as Secoya, but speakers are ethnically distinct.
| Siona | |
|---|---|
| Gantëya coca | |
| Native to | Colombia, Ecuador |
| Region | Putumayo River |
| Ethnicity | Siona people, Teteté people |
Native speakers | 500 (2000–2008)[1] |
Tucanoan
| |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | Either:snn – Sionateb – Teteté |
| Glottolog | sion1247 |
| ELP | Baicoca-Siecoca (shared) |
| This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA. | |
As of 2013, Siona is spoken by about 550 people.[2] Teteté dialect (Eteteguaje) is extinct.[3]
Phonology edit
Vowels edit
There are 6 oral vowels and six nasal vowels. Only nasal vowels occur next to a nasal consonant /m/ or /n/.
Consonants edit
There are two series of obstruent consonant. Both often produce a noticeable delay before the onset of the following vowel: the 'fortis' series (written p t č k kw s h hw) tends to be aspirated, with a noisy transition to the vowel, while the 'lenis' series (written b d g gw ’ z), optionally voiced, is glottalized, with a silent transition to the vowel, which in turn tends to be laryngealized. The glottal stop is faint, and noticeable primarily in the laryngealizing effect it has on adjacent vowels.
| bilabial | alveolar | prepalatal | velar | labio-velar | glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plosive | fortis | pʰ | t̪ʰ | tʃʰ | kʰ | kʷʰ | ʔ |
| lenis | pˀ ~ bˀ | ʈˀ ~ ɖˀ ~ ɾ | kˀ ~ ɡˀ | kʷˀ ~ ɡʷˀ | |||
| Fricative | s ; sˀ ~ zˀ | h ; hʷ | |||||
| Nasal | m | n | |||||
| Semivowel | j ~ ɲ | w | |||||
/ʈˀ/ is realized as [ɾ] between vowels. /j/ is realized as [ɲ] next to nasal vowels.
Stress edit
Stress is obligatory on all verb stems, root words, and some suffixes. It disappears when the syllable is not the nucleus of a phonological word. Some monosyllabic morphemes have both stressed and unstressed forms. Although the position of stress within a word is not contrastive, vocalic and consonantal allophony depends on whether a syllable is stressed. Initial stressed vowels followed by unstressed vowels are long and have a falling tone.
References edit
- ^ Siona at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
Teteté at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required) - ^ "Vocabulary of the Language Used by the Indians in These Missions". World Digital Library. Retrieved 2013-05-23.
- ^ Hammarström (2015) Ethnologue 16/17/18th editions: a comprehensive review: online appendices
External links edit
- Wheeler, Alva. 1970. Grammar of the Siona language, Colombia, South America. Ph.D. thesis. University of California. 192 p.
- Vocabulario de la lengua que usan los indios de estas misiones. World Digital Library. c. 1600s. Retrieved 2013-05-23.
- Siona (Intercontinental Dictionary Series)