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Wikipedia

Gary, Indiana

March 29, 2023

For the writer, see Gary Indiana.

Gary is a city in Lake County, Indiana, United States. The city has been historically dominated by major industrial activity and is home to U.S. Steel's Gary Works, the largest steel mill complex in North America. Gary is located along the southern shore of Lake Michigan about 25 miles (40 km) east of downtown Chicago, Illinois. The city is adjacent to the Indiana Dunes National Park, and is within the Chicago metropolitan area.[4][5]

Gary
City
City of Gary
From top, left to right: City Hall (left) and Superior Courthouse (right), City Methodist Church, Knights of Columbus Building, Genesis Convention Center, 2300 Jackson Street in Midtown, and Gary Public Library & Cultural Center
Seal
Logo
Nicknames: 
"City in Motion", "City of the Century", "Magic City", "Steel City", "City on the Move"
Motto: 
We Are Doing Great Things
Location of Gary in Lake County, Indiana
Coordinates: 41°35′44″N 87°20′43″W / 41.59556°N 87.34528°W / 41.59556; -87.34528Coordinates: 41°35′44″N 87°20′43″W / 41.59556°N 87.34528°W / 41.59556; -87.34528[1]
CountryUnited States
StateIndiana
CountyLake
TownshipsCalumet, Hobart
IncorporatedJuly 14, 1906
Named forElbert Henry Gary
Government
[2]
 • TypeStrong mayor–council
 • BodyCity council
 • MayorJerome A. Prince (D)
 • City clerk]]Suzette Raggs (D)
 • City judgeDeidre L. Monroe (D)
Area
[3]
 • Total50.60 sq mi (131.05 km2)
 • Land49.87 sq mi (129.15 km2)
 • Water0.73 sq mi (1.89 km2)
Elevation
[1]
607 ft (185 m)
Population
 (2020)
 • Total69,093
 • Density1,385.55/sq mi (534.97/km2)
Time zoneUTC−6 (Central)
 • Summer (DST)UTC−5 (Central)
ZIP Codes
46401–46411
Area code219
FIPS code18-27000
GNIS feature ID2394863[1]
WebsiteOfficial website

Gary was named after lawyer Elbert Henry Gary, who was the founding chairman of the United States Steel Corporation. U.S. Steel had established the city as a company town to serve its steel mills. Although initially a very diverse city, after white flight in the 1970s, the city of Gary held the nation's highest percentage of African Americans for several decades.

As of the 2020 census the city's population was 70,093, making it Indiana's ninth-largest city.[6] Like other Rust Belt cities, Gary's once thriving steel industry has been significantly affected by the disappearance of local manufacturing jobs since the 1970s. As a result of this economic shift, the city's population has decreased drastically, having lost 61% of its population since 1960.[7] Because of its large losses in population and deteriorating economy, Gary is often cited as an example of industrial decline and urban decay in America.[8]

Gary is serviced by the Gary/Chicago International Airport, an alternative airport to the Chicago region's two larger airports. The city's public transport is provided by the Gary Public Transportation Corporation and the South Shore Line passenger railway, which connects to the Chicago transit system. It is also home to a professional baseball team, the Gary SouthShore RailCats. In addition to its large steel mills, the city is known for being the birthplace of the Jackson family, a family of well-known entertainers whose members include singer Michael Jackson.[9]

History

Founding and early years

 
5th Ave. and Broadway in 1908

Gary, Indiana, was founded in 1906 by the United States Steel Corporation as the home for its new plant, Gary Works. The city was named after lawyer Elbert Henry Gary, who was the founding chairman of the United States Steel Corporation.[10]

Gary was the site of civil unrest in the steel strike of 1919. On October 4, 1919, a riot broke out on Broadway, the main north-south street through downtown Gary, between steel workers and strike breakers brought in from outside. Three days later, Indiana governor James P. Goodrich declared martial law. Shortly thereafter, over 4,000 federal troops under the command of Major General Leonard Wood arrived to restore order.[11]

The jobs offered by the steel industry provided Gary with very rapid growth and a diverse population within the first 26 years of its founding. According to the 1920 United States Census, 29.7% of Gary's population at the time was classified as foreign-born, mostly from eastern European countries, with another 30.8% classified as native-born with at least one foreign-born parent. By the 1930 United States Census, the first census in which Gary's population exceeded 100,000, the city was the fifth largest in Indiana and comparable in size to South Bend, Fort Wayne, and Evansville. At that time, 78.7% of the population was classified as white, with 19.3% of the population classified as foreign-born and another 25.9% as native-born with at least one foreign-born parent. In addition to white internal migrants, Gary had attracted numerous African-American migrants from the South in the Great Migration, and 17.8% of the population was classified as black. 3.5% were classified as Mexican (now likely to be identified as Hispanic, as some were likely American citizens in addition to immigrants).[12]

Post-World War II

 
U.S. Steel's Gary Works in 1973

Gary's fortunes have risen and fallen with those of the steel industry. The growth of the steel industry brought prosperity to the community. Broadway was known as a commercial center for the region. Department stores and architecturally significant movie houses were built in the downtown area and the Glen Park neighborhood.

In the 1960s, like many other American urban centers reliant on one particular industry, Gary entered a spiral of decline. Gary's decline was brought on by the growing overseas competitiveness in the steel industry, which had caused U.S. Steel to lay off many workers from the Gary area. The U.S. Steel Gary Works employed over 30,000 in 1970, declined to just 6,000 by 1990, and further declined to 5,100 in August 2015. Attempts to shore up the city's economy with major construction projects, such as a Holiday Inn hotel and the Genesis Convention Center, failed to reverse the decline.[13][14]

A rapid racial change occurred in Gary during the late 20th century. These population changes resulted in political change which reflected the racial demographics of Gary: the non-white share of the city's population increased from 21% in 1930, 39% in 1960, to 53% in 1970. Non-whites were primarily living in the Midtown section just south of downtown (per the 1950 Census, 97% of the black population of Gary was living in this neighborhood). Gary had one of the nation's first African-American mayors, Richard G. Hatcher, and hosted the groundbreaking 1972 National Black Political Convention.[15]

In the late 1990s and early 2000s, Gary had the highest percentage of African-Americans of U.S. cities with a population of 100,000 or more, 84% (as of the 2000 U.S. census). This no longer applies to Gary since the population of the city has now fallen well below 100,000 residents. As of 2013, the Gary Department of Redevelopment has estimated that one-third of all homes in the city are unoccupied and/or abandoned.[16]

U.S. Steel continues to be a major steel producer, but with only a fraction of its former level of employment. While Gary has failed to reestablish a manufacturing base since its population peak, two casinos opened along the Gary lakeshore in the 1990s, although this has been aggravated by the state closing of Cline Avenue, an important access to the area. Today, Gary faces the difficulties of a Rust Belt city, including poorly run city management, unemployment, and decaying infrastructure.

Recent history

Gary has closed several of its schools within the last ten years.[when?] While some of the school buildings have been reused, most remain unused since their closing. As of 2014, Gary is considering closing additional schools in response to budget deficits.[17][18]

Gary chief of police Thomas Houston was convicted of excessive force and abuse of authority in 2008; he died in 2010 while serving a three-year, five-month federal prison sentence.[19][20]

In April 2011, 75-year-old mayor Rudolph M. Clay announced that he would suspend his campaign for reelection as he was being treated for prostate cancer. He endorsed rival Karen Freeman-Wilson, who won the Democratic mayoral primary in May 2011.[21] Freeman-Wilson won election with 87 percent of the vote and her term began in January 2012; she is the first woman elected mayor in the city's history.[22] She was reelected in 2015.[23] She was defeated in her bid for a third term in the 2019 Democratic primary by Lake County Assessor Jerome Prince. Since no challengers filed for the November 2019 general election, Prince's nomination is effectively tantamount to election, and officially succeeded Freeman-Wilson on January 1, 2020, two days after he was sworn in as the city's 21st mayor on December 30, 2019.[24][25]

In May 2021, a $300 million Hard Rock Casino location opened in the city. Branded as Hard Rock Casino Northern Indiana, the location includes memorabilia from local natives Jackson 5 and a 1,950-seat Hard Rock Live performance hall.[26]

National Register of Historic Places

The following single properties and national historic districts are listed on the National Register of Historic Places:

Neighborhoods

 
Lake County, Indiana Superior Court Building
 
City Hall
 
Map of Gary; gray represents the industrial corridor.
 
Lake County Superior Court House and US Steel Gary Works

Downtown Gary

Downtown Gary is separated by Broadway into two distinctive communities. Originally, the City of Gary consisted of The East Side, The West Side, The South Side (the area south of the train tracks near 9th Avenue), and Glen Park, located further South along Broadway. The East Side was demarcated by streets named after the States in order of their acceptance into the Union. This area contained mostly wood-frame houses, some of the earliest in the city, and became known in the 20th century for its ethnic populations from Europe and large families. The single-family houses had repeating house designs that alternated from one street to another, with some streets looking very similar. Among the East Side's most notable buildings were Memorial Auditorium (a large red-brick and stone civic auditorium and the site of numerous events, concerts and graduations), The Palace Theater, Emerson School, St. Luke's Church, H.C. Gordon & Sons, and Goldblatt's Department stores, in addition to the Fair Department Store. All fronted Broadway as the main street that divided Gary.

The West Side of Gary, or West of Broadway, the principal commercial street, had streets named after the presidents of the United States in order of their election. Lytton's, Hudson's ladies store, J.C. Penney, and Radigan Bros Furniture Store developed on the west side of Broadway. Developed later, this side of town was known for its masonry or brick residences, its taller and larger commercial buildings, including the Gary National Bank Building, Hotel Gary (now Genesis Towers), The Knights of Columbus Hotel & Building (now a seniors building fronting 5th Avenue), the Tivoli Theater (demolished), the U.S. Post Office, Main Library, Mercy and Methodist Hospitals and Holy Angels Cathedral and School. The West Side also had a secondary principal street, Fifth Avenue, which was lined with many commercial businesses, restaurants, theaters, tall buildings, and elegant apartment buildings. The West Side was viewed as having wealthier residents. The houses dated from about 1908 to the 1930s. Much of the West Side's housing were for executives of U.S. Steel and other prominent businessmen. Notable mansions were 413 Tyler Street and 636 Lincoln Street. Many of the houses were on larger lots. By contrast, a working-class area was made up of row houses made of poured concrete were arranged together and known as "Mill Houses"; they were built to house steel mill workers.

The areas known as Emerson and Downtown West combine to form Downtown Gary. It was developed in the 1920s and houses several pieces of impressive architecture, including the Moe House, designed by Frank Lloyd Wright, and another, the Wynant House (1917), which was destroyed by fire. A significant number of older structures have been demolished in recent years because of the cost of restoration. Restructuring of the steel and other heavy industry in the late 20th century resulted in a loss of jobs, adversely affecting the city.

Abandoned buildings in the downtown area include historic structures such as Union Station, the Palace Theater, and City Methodist Church. A large area of the downtown neighborhood (including City Methodist) was devastated by a major fire on October 12, 1997.[28][29] Interstate 90 was constructed between downtown Gary and the United States Steel plant.

West

 
Homes in the Combs Addition Historic District of the Ambridge Mann neighborhood

Ambridge Mann is a neighborhood located on Gary's near west side along 5th Avenue. Ambridge was developed for workers at the nearby steel plant in the 1910s and 1920s. It is named after the American Bridge Works, which was a subsidiary of U.S. Steel. The neighborhood is home to a huge stock of prairie-style and art deco homes. The Gary Masonic Temple was located in the neighborhood, along with the Ambassador apartment building. Located just south of Interstate 90, the neighborhood can be seen while passing Buchanan Street.

Brunswick is located on Gary's far west side. The neighborhood is located just south of Interstate 90 and can also be seen from the expressway. The Brunswick area includes the Tri-City Plaza shopping center on West 5th Avenue (U.S. 20). The area is south of the Gary Chicago International Airport.

Downtown West is located in north-central Gary on the west side of Broadway just south of Interstate 90. The Genesis Convention Center, the Gary Police Department, the Lake Superior Court House, and the Main Branch of the Gary Public Library are located along 5th Avenue. A new 123-unit mixed-income apartment development was built using a HUD HOPE VI grant in 2006. The Adam Benjamin Metro Center is located just north of 4th Avenue. It is operated by the Gary Public Transportation Corporation and serves as a multi-modal hub. It serves both as the Downtown Gary South Shore train station and an intercity bus stop.

Tolleston is one of Gary's oldest neighborhoods, predating much of the rest of the city. It was platted by George Tolle in 1857 when the railroads were constructed in this area. This area is west of Midtown and south of Ambridge Mann. Tarrytown is a subdivision located in Tolleston between Whitcomb Street and Clark Road.

South

 
Broadway in the Glen Park neighborhood

Black Oak is located on the far southwest side of Gary, in the vicinity of the Burr Street exit to the Borman Expressway. It was annexed in the 1970s. Prior to that, Black Oak was an unincorporated area informally associated with Hammond, and the area has Hammond telephone numbers. After three referendums, the community voters approved annexation, having been persuaded by Mayor Hatcher that they would benefit more from services provided by the city than from those provided by the county. In the 21st century, it is the only majority-white neighborhood in Gary.

Glen Park is located on Gary's far south side and is made up mostly of mid-twentieth-century houses. Glen Park is divided from the remainder of the city by the Borman Expressway. The northern portion of Glen Park is home to Gary's Gleason Park Golf Course and the campus of Indiana University Northwest. The far western portion of Glen Park is home to the Village Shopping Center. Glen Park includes the 37th Avenue corridor at Broadway.

Midtown is located south of Downtown Gary, along Broadway. In the pre-1960s days of de facto segregation, this developed historically as a "black" neighborhood as African Americans came to Gary from the rural South in the Great Migration to seek jobs in the industrial economy.

North and East

 
Commercial district in the Miller Beach neighborhood

Aetna is located on Gary's far east side along the Dunes Highway. Aetna predates the city of Gary. This company town was founded in 1881 by the Aetna Powder Works, an explosives company. Their factory closed after the end of World War I.

The Town of Aetna was annexed by Gary in 1928, around the same time that the city annexed the Town of Miller. In the late 1920s and early 1930s, Gary's prosperous industries helped generate residential and other development in Aetna, resulting in an impressive collection of art deco architecture. The rest of the community was built after World War II and the Korean War in the 1950s, in a series of phases. On its south and east, Aetna borders the undeveloped floodplain of the Little Calumet River.

Emerson is located in north-central Gary on the east side of Broadway. Located just south of Interstate 90, Gary City Hall is located in Emerson, along with the Indiana Department of Social Services building and the Calumet Township Trustee's office. A 6,000-seat minor league baseball stadium for the Gary SouthShore RailCats, U.S. Steel Yard, was constructed in 2002, along with contiguous commercial space and minor residential development.

Miller Beach, also known simply as Miller, is on Gary's far northeast side. Settled in the 1850s and incorporated as an independent town in 1907, Miller was annexed by the city of Gary in 1918. Miller developed around the old stagecoach stop and train station known by the 1850s as Miller's Junction and/or Miller's Station. Miller Beach is racially and economically diverse. It attracts investor interest due to the many year-round and summer homes within walking distance of Marquette Park and Lake Michigan. Prices for lakefront property are affordable compared to those in Illinois suburban communities. Lake Street provides shopping and dining options for Miller Beach visitors and residents. East Edge, a development of 28 upscale condominium, townhome, and single-family homes, began construction in 2007 at the eastern edge of Miller Beach along County Line Road, one block south of Lake Michigan.[30]

Geography

 
The Chicago skyline viewed across Lake Michigan from Lake Street Beach in Gary's Miller Beach neighborhood

The city is located at the southern end of the former lake bed of the prehistoric Lake Chicago and the current Lake Michigan. Most of the city's soil, to nearly one foot below the surface, is pure sand. The sand beneath Gary, and on its beaches, is of such volume and quality that for over a century companies have mined it, especially for the manufacture of glass.[31]

According to the 2010 census, Gary has a total area of 57.18 square miles (148.10 km2), of which 49.87 square miles (129.16 km2) (or 87.22%) is land and 7.31 square miles (18.93 km2) (or 12.78%) is water.[32]

Gary is "T" shaped, with its northern border on Lake Michigan. In the northwesternmost section, Gary borders Hammond and East Chicago; 165th Street, one of several roads connecting Hammond and Gary, has been walled off from Gary since 1981, initially due to a toxic flood.[33] Miller Beach, Gary's easternmost neighborhood, borders Lake Station and Portage. Gary's southernmost section borders Griffith, Hobart, Merrillville, and unincorporated Ross. Gary is about 30 miles (48 km) from the Chicago Loop.[34]

Climate

Gary is listed by the Köppen-Geiger climate classification system as humid continental (Dfa). In July and August, the warmest months, high temperatures average 84 °F (29 °C) and peak just above 100 °F (38 °C), and low temperatures average 63 °F (17 °C). In January and February, the coldest months, high temperatures average around 29 °F (−2 °C) and low temperatures average 13 °F (−11 °C), with at least a few days of temperatures dipping below 0 °F (−18 °C).

The weather in Gary is greatly regulated by its proximity to Lake Michigan. Weather varies yearly. In the summer months Gary is humid. The city's yearly precipitation averages about 40 inches. Summer is the rainiest season. Winters vary but are predominantly snowy. Snowfall in Gary averages approximately 25 inches per year. Sometimes large blizzards hit because of "lake effect snow", a phenomenon whereby large amounts of water evaporated from the lake deposit onto the shoreline areas as inordinate amounts of snow.

Climate data for Gary, Indiana
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °F (°C) 70
(21) 		70
(21) 		81
(27) 		92
(33) 		100
(38) 		106
(41) 		104
(40) 		102
(39) 		103
(39) 		92
(33) 		84
(29) 		67
(19) 		106
(41)
Average high °F (°C) 31.5
(−0.3) 		35.2
(1.8) 		44.7
(7.1) 		58.4
(14.7) 		69.1
(20.6) 		79.6
(26.4) 		83.8
(28.8) 		82.5
(28.1) 		75.5
(24.2) 		64.6
(18.1) 		48.5
(9.2) 		35.8
(2.1) 		59.1
(15.1)
Average low °F (°C) 16.5
(−8.6) 		19.9
(−6.7) 		29.0
(−1.7) 		40.0
(4.4) 		49.7
(9.8) 		59.9
(15.5) 		64.9
(18.3) 		63.9
(17.7) 		56.0
(13.3) 		45.7
(7.6) 		33.2
(0.7) 		21.9
(−5.6) 		41.7
(5.4)
Record low °F (°C) −22
(−30) 		−10
(−23) 		−6
(−21) 		17
(−8) 		25
(−4) 		36
(2) 		46
(8) 		43
(6) 		33
(1) 		20
(−7) 		−1
(−18) 		−17
(−27) 		−22
(−30)
Average precipitation inches (mm) 1.8
(46) 		1.7
(43) 		3.3
(84) 		3.7
(94) 		3.8
(97) 		4.5
(110) 		3.5
(89) 		3.4
(86) 		3.9
(99) 		2.6
(66) 		2.5
(64) 		3.0
(76) 		37.8
(960)
Average snowfall inches (cm) 7.8
(20) 		5.4
(14) 		3.0
(7.6) 		0.7
(1.8) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0.2
(0.51) 		1.7
(4.3) 		5.9
(15) 		24.7
(63)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) 9 9 11 12 12 10 9 8 9 8 10 9 116
Source 1: Weatherbase[35]
Source 2: [36]

Demographics

The change in the economy and resulting loss of jobs has caused a drop in population by more than half since its peak in 1960.

Historical population
CensusPop.Note%±
191016,802—
192055,378229.6%
1930100,66681.8%
1940111,71911.0%
1950133,91119.9%
1960178,32033.2%
1970175,415−1.6%
1980151,968−13.4%
1990116,646−23.2%
2000102,746−11.9%
201080,294−21.9%
202069,093−13.9%
U.S. Decennial Census[37]
2010[38] 2020[39]

2020 census

Gary city, Indiana – Demographic Profile
(NH = Non-Hispanic)
Race / Ethnicity Pop 2010[38] Pop 2020[39] % 2010 % 2020
White alone (NH) 7,151 6,374 8.91% 9.23%
Black or African American alone (NH) 67,363 54,660 83.90% 79.11%
Native American or Alaska Native alone (NH) 197 112 0.25% 0.16%
Asian alone (NH) 156 124 0.19% 0.18%
Pacific Islander alone (NH) 5 11 0.01% 0.02%
Some Other Race alone (NH) 69 390 0.09% 0.56%
Mixed Race/Multi-Racial (NH) 1,225 2,201 1.53% 3.19%
Hispanic or Latino (any race) 4,128 5,221 5.14% 7.56%
Total 80,294 69,093 100.00% 100.00%

Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos can be of any race.

2010 census

As of the census[40] of 2010, there were 80,294 people, 31,380 households, and 19,691 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,610.1 inhabitants per square mile (621.7/km2). There were 39,531 housing units at an average density of 792.7 per square mile (306.1/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 84.8% African American, 10.7% White, 0.3% Native American, 0.2% Asian, 1.8% from other races, and 2.1% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino people of any race were 5.1% of the population. Non-Hispanic Whites were 8.9% of the population in 2010,[41] down from 39.1% in 1970.[42]

There were 31,380 households, of which 33.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 25.2% were married couples living together, 30.9% had a female householder with no husband present, 6.7% had a male householder with no wife present, and 37.2% were non-families. 32.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.54 and the average family size was 3.23.

The median age in the city was 36.7 years. 28.1% of residents were under the age of 18; 8.6% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 21.8% were from 25 to 44; 27.1% were from 45 to 64; and 14.5% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 46.0% male and 54.0% female.

2000 census

As of the census of 2000, there were 102,746 people, 38,244 households, and 25,623 families residing in the city. The population density was 2,045.5 inhabitants per square mile (789.8/km2). There were 43,630 housing units at an average density of 868.6 per square mile (335.4/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 84.03% African American, 11.92% White, 0.21% Native American, 0.14% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 1.97% from other races, and 1.71% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino people of any race were 4.93% of the population.

There were 38,244 households, out of which 31.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 30.2% were married couples living together, 30.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.0% were non-families. 28.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.66 and the average family size was 3.28.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 29.9% under the age of 18, 10.1% from 18 to 24, 25.1% from 25 to 44, 22.2% from 45 to 64, and 12.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females, there were 84.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 78.0 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $27,195, and the median income for a family was $32,205. Males had a median income of $34,992 versus $24,432 for females. The per capita income for the city was $14,383. About 22.2% of families and 25.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 37.9% of those under age 18 and 14.1% of those age 65 or over.

Arts and culture

Arts and film

 
A Nightmare on Elm Street being filmed in Gary

Meredith Willson's 1957 Broadway musical The Music Man featured the song "Gary, Indiana", in which lead character (and con man) Professor Harold Hill wistfully recalls his purported hometown, then prosperous. Hill claims to be an alumnus of "Gary Conservatory of Music, Class of '05," but this is later revealed to be another of his lies. The City of Gary was not founded until 1906. Willson's musical, set in 1912, was adapted both as a film of the same name released in 1962, and as a television film, produced in 2003.

The 1996 urban film Original Gangstas was filmed in the city. It starred Gary native Fred Williamson, Pam Grier, Jim Brown, Richard Roundtree, and Isabel Sanford, among others. Since the early 2000s, Gary has been the setting for numerous films made by Hollywood filmmakers. In 2009, scenes for the remake of A Nightmare on Elm Street were filmed in Gary.[43] Scenes from Transformers: Dark of the Moon wrapped up filming on August 16, 2010.[44]

The History Channel documentary Life After People was filmed in Gary, exploring areas that have deteriorated or been abandoned because of the loss of jobs and residents.[45]

In John Mellencamp's 1985 song, "Minutes to Memories", an old man on a bus, recalling his humble life, tells the young man beside him, "I worked my whole life in the steel mills of Gary."

Historic places on the National Register

Public libraries

 
Gary Public Library and Cultural Center in 2019

The Gary Public Library System consists of the main library at 220 West 5th Avenue and several branches: Brunswick Branch, W. E. B. DuBois Branch, J. F. Kennedy Branch, Tolleston Branch, and Woodson Branch.[46] In March 2011, the Gary Library Board voted to close the main library on 5th Avenue and the Tolleston branch in what officials said was their best economic option. The main library closed at the end of 2011. The building now houses a museum.[47]

Lake County Public Library operates the Black Oak Branch at 5921 West 25th Avenue in the Gary city limits.[48] In addition, Indiana University Northwest operates the John W. Anderson Library on its campus.[49]

Sports

The following sports franchises are based in Gary:

Education

Three school districts serve the city, and multiple charter schools are located within the city.

Public schools

Most public schools in Gary are administered by the Gary Community School Corporation. The other public schools within the city are administered by Lake Ridge Schools Corporation, which is the school system for the Black Oak neighborhood and unincorporated Calumet Township. Due to annexation law, Black Oak residents retained their original school system and were not required to attend Gary public schools. In 1927, it was mandated that Black students attend a separate high school.[52]

Charter schools

Charter schools in Indiana, including those in Gary, are granted charters by one of a small number of chartering institutions. Indiana charter schools are generally managed in cooperation between the chartering institution, a local board of parents and community members, salaried school administrators, and a management company. Charter schools in Gary as of 2011 include Thea Bowman Leadership Academy, Charter School of the Dunes, Gary Lighthouse Charter School (formerly Blessed Sacrament Parish and Grade School), and 21st Century Charter.

Higher education

Gary is home to two regional state college campuses:

Media

Newspapers

Gary is served by two major newspapers based outside the city, and by a Gary-based, largely African-American interest paper. These papers provide regional topics, and cover events in Gary.

  • The Post-Tribune, originally the Gary Post-Tribune, is now based in the nearby town of Merrillville.
  • The Times, previously known as the Hammond Times. Offices and facilities for The Times are in nearby Munster.
  • The Gary Crusader, based in Gary and largely focused on African-American interests and readership
  • The INFO Newspaper, based in Gary and largely focused on African-American interests and readership
  • The Chicago Tribune and the Chicago Sun-Times, based in Chicago, are also distributed in Gary.

Television and radio

Gary is served by five local broadcasters plus government access and numerous Chicago area radio and TV stations, and by other nearby stations in Illinois and Indiana.

  • WPWR-TV (Channel 50) is the Chicago MyNetworkTV affiliate but is licensed to Gary. Studios and transmitters are co-located with WFLD's in Chicago, and are also owned by Fox Television Stations.
  • WYIN (Channel 56) is a PBS affiliate licensed to Gary. Their studios are in Merrillville.
  • WGVE (FM 88.7) is owned by the Gary Community School Corporation, and is used primarily as a teaching facility. Programming is maintained by students in the broadcast program at the Gary Career Center. WGVE also carries limited NPR programming.
  • WLTH (AM 1370) primarily carries talk programming, as well as other local programs.
  • WWCA (AM 1270) is a Relevant Radio owned-and-operated radio station, carrying programming from the Catholic-oriented Relevant Radio network.

Infrastructure

Medical facilities

  • Gary Community Health Center
  • Methodist Hospital

Police

Gary is served by the Gary Police Department and the Lake County Sheriff. While 1 in 270 people are victimized by a violent crime in Indiana, that rate is 1 in 177 in Gary.[53]

Fire department

 
Historical photo of the Gary Fire Department in 1914

The Gary Fire Department (GFD) provides fire protection and emergency medical services to the city of Gary.[54]

Transportation

 
Adam Benjamin Metro Center is the city's intermodal public transit center
  • Gary Public Transportation Corporation (GPTC) is a commuter bus system that offers service to numerous stops throughout the city and neighboring suburbs. GPTC also has express service to locations outside the city, including connections to Chicago transit. Front-door pickup is available for disabled citizens at no extra cost.
  • Gary/Chicago International Airport is operating as the "third airport" for the Chicago area. With a new runway,[9] it previously underwent a federally funded expansion, and the administration has been courting airlines aggressively. The National Guard has based its Chicago area air operation there as well.[55]
  • Interstate 90 (I-90, Indiana Toll Road),

I-80, I-94, and I-65 run through Gary, as well as U.S. Highway 6 (US 6), US 12 and US 20, and State Road 912 (SR 912, Cline Avenue). A former stretch of SR 312 has been decommissioned.

Notable people

The Jacksons

 
Michael Jackson's childhood home in Gary, Indiana, shortly after the singer's death in 2009

Gary is the hometown of the Jackson family, a family of musicians who influenced the sound of modern popular music. In 1950, Joseph and Katherine Jackson moved from East Chicago, Indiana[56] into their two-bedroom house at 2300 Jackson Street. They had married on November 5, 1949. Their entertainer children later recorded a song entitled "2300 Jackson Street" (1989). The Jackson children include:

Other notable people

Sister cities

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c "City of Gary". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior.
  2. ^ . Lake County Board of Elections and Voter's Registration. Archived from the original on December 26, 2018. Retrieved June 30, 2014.
  3. ^ "2020 U.S. Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved March 16, 2022.
  4. ^ Stephanie Smith; Steve Mark (2006). . The South Shore Journal. 1: 15–21. ISSN 1933-8163. Archived from the original on September 13, 2012. Retrieved May 20, 2018.
  5. ^ Smith, Stephanie. . South Shore Journal. Archived from the original on January 1, 2016. Retrieved 2015-11-22.
  6. ^ "Gary city, Indiana". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved April 15, 2022.
  7. ^ Engel, Pamela (June 20, 2013). "Gary, Indiana Is Deteriorating So Much That It May Cut Off Services To Nearly Half Of Its Land". Business Insider. Retrieved April 6, 2014.
  8. ^ "White flight followed factory jobs out of Gary, Indiana. Black people didn't have a choice | Indiana | The Guardian". amp.theguardian.com. Retrieved September 16, 2022.
  9. ^ a b Donley, Brendan (August 22, 2017). "A Day at the Beach in, Yes, Gary, Indiana". The New York Times. Retrieved August 22, 2017.
  10. ^ "About Gary". City of Gary, Indiana. Retrieved June 17, 2022.
  11. ^ O'Hara, S. Paul (2011). Gary, the most American of all American cities. Bloomington, Ind. [u.a.]: Indiana Univ. Press. ISBN 9780253222886.
  12. ^ Mohl, Raymond A. (1986). Steel city : urban and ethnic patterns in Gary, Indiana, 1906–1950. Holmes & Meier. OCLC 562497857.
  13. ^ "The Sheraton Hotel of Gary, Indiana". Sometimes Interesting. June 8, 2013.
  14. ^ Chris Bentley (February 26, 2015). "How Gary, Indiana, Got Serious About Tackling Blight". City Lab.
  15. ^ Puente, Michael (March 9, 2012). "Gary's National Black Political Convention, 40 years on". WBEZ. Retrieved October 7, 2016.
  16. ^ "Harper's Index". Harper's. Harper's Foundation. 327 (1, 962): 17. November 2013. Retrieved December 30, 2013.(subscription required)
  17. ^ Carlson, Carole (February 17, 2014). . Post Tribute. Archived from the original on July 14, 2014. Retrieved April 1, 2014.
  18. ^ Kirk, Chelsea. "For sale: 11 schools, slightly used in Gary". Indiana Economic Digest. Retrieved April 1, 2014.
  19. ^ #08-870: Gary, Indiana Former Police Chief Convicted on Federal Civil Rights Violation (September 30, 2008). Justice.gov. Retrieved on 2011-03-22.
  20. ^ Kwiatkowski, Marisa (November 27, 2010). "Former Gary police chief dies". The Times of Northwest Indiana. Retrieved December 30, 2013.
  21. ^ Guzzardi, Will (April 8, 2011). "Gary, Indiana Mayor Rudy Clay Not Seeking Re-Election Due To Illness". HuffPost. Retrieved April 25, 2012.
  22. ^ "Democrat Karen Freeman-Wilson easily wins election as Gary's first woman mayor". Daily Reporter. Associated Press. August 11, 2011. Retrieved August 11, 2011.[permanent dead link]
  23. ^ "Indiana Voters". indianavoters.in.gov. Retrieved November 18, 2020.
  24. ^ "Jerome Prince Defeats Incumbent to Win Gary, Indiana in Democratic Primary". Associated Press. May 13, 2019. Retrieved December 15, 2019.
  25. ^ "Prince sworn in as city's 21st mayor; Gary's problems are 'fixable,' he says". Retrieved December 31, 2019.
  26. ^ "New $300 million casino opens in northwestern Indiana". Associated Press. May 15, 2021. Retrieved August 11, 2022.
  27. ^ "St. John's Evangelical Lutheran Church Receives Historical Designation – Indiana District LCMS". Retrieved November 18, 2020.
  28. ^ "Indiana Historic Architecture Editorials". Preserveindiana.com. Retrieved April 25, 2012.
  29. ^ "Blaze Hits Downtown Gary". Chicago Tribune. October 13, 1997. Retrieved April 24, 2012.
  30. ^ "It's Miller's time in Lake County". Indiana Economic Digest. April 16, 2006. Retrieved April 25, 2012.
  31. ^ Detailed in n.a./n.d. (but since 1993) National Park Service book on sand; ch. 4 concerns "Major Sand Mining Companies" and their sand sucking operations along the Indiana coast of Lake Michigan from c. 1890 to the present. Available online at https://www.nps.gov/rlc/greatlakes/upload/Sand-Chapter-4-Companies-and-Customers.pdf
  32. ^ "G001 – Geographic Identifiers – 2010 Census Summary File 1". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 13, 2020. Retrieved July 28, 2015.
  33. ^ Schmidt, William E. (September 5, 1988). "Hammond Journal: Earthen Barrier Serves as Both Dam and Symbol". The New York Times. p. 6. Retrieved October 26, 2022.
  34. ^ Gary to Chicago Loop via I-90 W, around 30 miles, Google Maps: https://goo.gl/maps/ejwWg8MwDts4SD3C7
  35. ^ "Weatherbase: Historical Weather for Gary, Indiana". Weatherbase. Retrieved February 18, 2013.
  36. ^ . Idcide.com. Archived from the original on September 5, 2008. Retrieved November 22, 2015.
  37. ^ "Decennial Census of Population and Housing by Decades". US Census Bureau.
  38. ^ a b "P2 HISPANIC OR LATINO, AND NOT HISPANIC OR LATINO BY RACE – 2010: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Gary city, Indiana". United States Census Bureau.
  39. ^ a b "P2 HISPANIC OR LATINO, AND NOT HISPANIC OR LATINO BY RACE – 2020: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Gary city, Indiana". United States Census Bureau.
  40. ^ "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved December 11, 2012.
  41. ^ . State & County QuickFacts. U.S. Census Bureau. Archived from the original on August 5, 2012.
  42. ^ . U.S. Census Bureau. Archived from the original on August 12, 2012.
  43. ^ "Featured Articles from the Chicago Tribune". Chicago Tribune.[dead link]
  44. ^ 'Transformers' set in Gary explosive. Nwitimes.com (August 17, 2010). Retrieved on 2011-03-22.
  45. ^ . HISTORY. Archived from the original on November 23, 2010. Retrieved July 24, 2011.
  46. ^ "Locations & Hours January 1, 2009, at the Wayback Machine." Gary Public Library System. Retrieved on January 21, 2009.
  47. ^ Christin Nance Lazerus (March 31, 2011). "Gary's main library closing". Chicago Sun-Times. Retrieved March 31, 2011.
  48. ^ Lake County Public Library - Locations and Hours December 25, 2008, at the Wayback Machine
  49. ^ . Iun.edu. Archived from the original on October 4, 2012. Retrieved November 22, 2015.
  50. ^ Osipoff, Michael. "RailCats not afraid of Wichita for championship series" October 20, 2014, at the Wayback Machine, Chicago Sun-Times 11 October 2013. Retrieved on 03 September 2014.
  51. ^ American Association Baseball "RailCats Claim 2013 Championship" September 3, 2014, at the Wayback Machine, 14 September 2013. Retrieved on 03 September 2014.
  52. ^ Sdunzik, Jennifer (2018). A State-By-State History of Race and Racism in the United States. Santa Barbra, California: Greenwood. pp. 283–288. ISBN 978-1440856006.
  53. ^ "Gary, IN Crime Rates and Statistics". neighborhoodscout.com. Retrieved September 1, 2021.
  54. ^ . Gary.in.us. Archived from the original on January 27, 2013. Retrieved November 22, 2015.
  55. ^ Benman, Keith. (October 27, 2009) National Guard armory ready to serve at Gary airport. Nwitimes.com. Retrieved on 2011-03-22.
  56. ^ Jackson, Katherine; Rich Wiseman (1990). My Family, the Jacksons. St. Martin's Paperbacks. ISBN 0-312-92350-3.
  57. ^ Proceedings of the Lake Superior Mining Institute: August 28 and 29, 1936 (PDF). Vol. XXIX. Ishpeming, MI: Lake Superior Mining Institute. 1936. p. 229. (PDF) from the original on December 31, 2010.
  58. ^ "Lloyd McClendon Stats". Baseball Almanac. Retrieved October 30, 2012.
  59. ^ Richard Skelly. "Sista Monica Parker | Biography & History". AllMusic. Retrieved November 22, 2015.
  60. ^ Blount, Joresa. "Self-Made Billionaire Todd Wagner On Pivoting Sucessfully [sic]". Forbes. Retrieved November 18, 2020.
  61. ^ Schwartz, Adam. "Media Executives Todd R. Wagner and James Fielding". Profiles - Indiana Public Media. Retrieved November 18, 2020.
  62. ^ (PDF). May 22, 2008. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 9, 2009. Retrieved January 14, 2010.
  63. ^ (PDF). US Sister Cities by State with Affiliated African Countries. Archived from the original (PDF) on November 21, 2015. Retrieved March 28, 2015.
  64. ^ "State". The Kokomo Tribune. Kokomo, Indiana. November 25, 1991. p. 21.

Further reading

  • Barnes, Sandra L. The cost of being poor: A comparative study of life in poor urban neighborhoods in Gary, Indiana (State University of New York Press, 2012).
  • Betten, Neil, and Raymond A. Mohl. "From discrimination to repatriation: Mexican Life in Gary, Indiana, during the great depression." Pacific Historical Review 42.3 (1973): 370-388. online
  • Brook, Anthony. "Gary, Indiana: steeltown extraordinary." Journal of American Studies 9.1 (1975): 35-53.
  • Catlin, Robert A. Racial politics and urban planning: Gary, Indiana, 1980-1989 (University Press of Kentucky, 1993).
  • Cohen, Ronald D. Children of the mill: Schooling and society in Gary, Indiana, 1906-1960 (Routledge, 2014).
  • Hurly, Andrew. "The social biases of environmental change in Gary, Indiana, 1945–1980." Environmental Review 12.4 (1988): 1-20.
  • Hurley, Andrew. Environmental inequalities: Class, race, and industrial pollution in Gary, Indiana, 1945-1980 (Univ of North Carolina Press, 1995).
  • Lane, James (1978). City of the Century": A History of Gary, Indiana. Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press. ISBN 0-253-11187-0.
  • Lane, James (2006). Gary's First Hundred Years: A Centennial History of Gary, Indiana 1906-2006. Valparaiso, Indiana: Home Mountain Printing. ISBN 0-9773511-1-4.
  • Lane, James B.; Cohen, Ronald D. (2003). Gary, Indiana : a pictorial history. Virginia Beach, VA: Donning Co. Publishers. ISBN 9781578642106.
  • Mohl, Raymond A., and Neil Betten. "The failure of industrial city planning: Gary, Indiana, 1906–1910." Journal of the American Institute of Planners 38.4 (1972): 203-214.
  • Mohl, Raymond A.; Betten, Neil (1986). Steel city : urban and ethnic patterns in Gary, Indiana, 1906-1950. New York: Holmes & Meier. ISBN 978-0841910775.
  • O'Hara, S. Paul. " 'The Very Model of Modern Urban Decay': Outsiders’ Narratives of Industry and Urban Decline in Gary, Indiana." Journal of Urban History 37.2 (2011): 135-154.
  • O'Hara, S. Paul (2011). Gary, the most American of all American cities. Bloomington, Ind. [u.a.]: Indiana Univ. Press. ISBN 9780253222886.

External links

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Gary, Indiana.
 
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Gary.
  • Official website

March 29, 2023
gary, indiana, writer, gary, indiana, gary, city, lake, county, indiana, united, states, city, been, historically, dominated, major, industrial, activity, home, steel, gary, works, largest, steel, mill, complex, north, america, gary, located, along, southern, . For the writer see Gary Indiana Gary is a city in Lake County Indiana United States The city has been historically dominated by major industrial activity and is home to U S Steel s Gary Works the largest steel mill complex in North America Gary is located along the southern shore of Lake Michigan about 25 miles 40 km east of downtown Chicago Illinois The city is adjacent to the Indiana Dunes National Park and is within the Chicago metropolitan area 4 5 GaryCityCity of GaryFrom top left to right City Hall left and Superior Courthouse right City Methodist Church Knights of Columbus Building Genesis Convention Center 2300 Jackson Street in Midtown and Gary Public Library amp Cultural CenterSealLogoNicknames City in Motion City of the Century Magic City Steel City City on the Move Motto We Are Doing Great ThingsLocation of Gary in Lake County IndianaCoordinates 41 35 44 N 87 20 43 W 41 59556 N 87 34528 W 41 59556 87 34528 Coordinates 41 35 44 N 87 20 43 W 41 59556 N 87 34528 W 41 59556 87 34528 1 CountryUnited StatesStateIndianaCountyLakeTownshipsCalumet HobartIncorporatedJuly 14 1906Named forElbert Henry GaryGovernment 2 TypeStrong mayor council BodyCity council MayorJerome A Prince D City clerk Suzette Raggs D City judgeDeidre L Monroe D Area 3 Total50 60 sq mi 131 05 km2 Land49 87 sq mi 129 15 km2 Water0 73 sq mi 1 89 km2 Elevation 1 607 ft 185 m Population 2020 Total69 093 Density1 385 55 sq mi 534 97 km2 Time zoneUTC 6 Central Summer DST UTC 5 Central ZIP Codes46401 46411Area code219FIPS code18 27000GNIS feature ID2394863 1 WebsiteOfficial websiteGary was named after lawyer Elbert Henry Gary who was the founding chairman of the United States Steel Corporation U S Steel had established the city as a company town to serve its steel mills Although initially a very diverse city after white flight in the 1970s the city of Gary held the nation s highest percentage of African Americans for several decades As of the 2020 census the city s population was 70 093 making it Indiana s ninth largest city 6 Like other Rust Belt cities Gary s once thriving steel industry has been significantly affected by the disappearance of local manufacturing jobs since the 1970s As a result of this economic shift the city s population has decreased drastically having lost 61 of its population since 1960 7 Because of its large losses in population and deteriorating economy Gary is often cited as an example of industrial decline and urban decay in America 8 Gary is serviced by the Gary Chicago International Airport an alternative airport to the Chicago region s two larger airports The city s public transport is provided by the Gary Public Transportation Corporation and the South Shore Line passenger railway which connects to the Chicago transit system It is also home to a professional baseball team the Gary SouthShore RailCats In addition to its large steel mills the city is known for being the birthplace of the Jackson family a family of well known entertainers whose members include singer Michael Jackson 9 Contents 1 History 1 1 Founding and early years 1 2 Post World War II 1 3 Recent history 1 4 National Register of Historic Places 2 Neighborhoods 2 1 Downtown Gary 2 2 West 2 3 South 2 4 North and East 3 Geography 3 1 Climate 4 Demographics 4 1 2020 census 4 2 2010 census 4 3 2000 census 5 Arts and culture 5 1 Arts and film 5 2 Historic places on the National Register 5 3 Public libraries 6 Sports 7 Education 7 1 Public schools 7 2 Charter schools 7 3 Higher education 8 Media 8 1 Newspapers 8 2 Television and radio 9 Infrastructure 9 1 Medical facilities 9 2 Police 9 3 Fire department 10 Transportation 11 Notable people 11 1 The Jacksons 11 2 Other notable people 12 Sister cities 13 See also 14 References 15 Further reading 16 External linksHistory EditFounding and early years Edit 5th Ave and Broadway in 1908 Gary Indiana was founded in 1906 by the United States Steel Corporation as the home for its new plant Gary Works The city was named after lawyer Elbert Henry Gary who was the founding chairman of the United States Steel Corporation 10 Gary was the site of civil unrest in the steel strike of 1919 On October 4 1919 a riot broke out on Broadway the main north south street through downtown Gary between steel workers and strike breakers brought in from outside Three days later Indiana governor James P Goodrich declared martial law Shortly thereafter over 4 000 federal troops under the command of Major General Leonard Wood arrived to restore order 11 The jobs offered by the steel industry provided Gary with very rapid growth and a diverse population within the first 26 years of its founding According to the 1920 United States Census 29 7 of Gary s population at the time was classified as foreign born mostly from eastern European countries with another 30 8 classified as native born with at least one foreign born parent By the 1930 United States Census the first census in which Gary s population exceeded 100 000 the city was the fifth largest in Indiana and comparable in size to South Bend Fort Wayne and Evansville At that time 78 7 of the population was classified as white with 19 3 of the population classified as foreign born and another 25 9 as native born with at least one foreign born parent In addition to white internal migrants Gary had attracted numerous African American migrants from the South in the Great Migration and 17 8 of the population was classified as black 3 5 were classified as Mexican now likely to be identified as Hispanic as some were likely American citizens in addition to immigrants 12 Post World War II Edit U S Steel s Gary Works in 1973 Gary s fortunes have risen and fallen with those of the steel industry The growth of the steel industry brought prosperity to the community Broadway was known as a commercial center for the region Department stores and architecturally significant movie houses were built in the downtown area and the Glen Park neighborhood In the 1960s like many other American urban centers reliant on one particular industry Gary entered a spiral of decline Gary s decline was brought on by the growing overseas competitiveness in the steel industry which had caused U S Steel to lay off many workers from the Gary area The U S Steel Gary Works employed over 30 000 in 1970 declined to just 6 000 by 1990 and further declined to 5 100 in August 2015 Attempts to shore up the city s economy with major construction projects such as a Holiday Inn hotel and the Genesis Convention Center failed to reverse the decline 13 14 A rapid racial change occurred in Gary during the late 20th century These population changes resulted in political change which reflected the racial demographics of Gary the non white share of the city s population increased from 21 in 1930 39 in 1960 to 53 in 1970 Non whites were primarily living in the Midtown section just south of downtown per the 1950 Census 97 of the black population of Gary was living in this neighborhood Gary had one of the nation s first African American mayors Richard G Hatcher and hosted the groundbreaking 1972 National Black Political Convention 15 In the late 1990s and early 2000s Gary had the highest percentage of African Americans of U S cities with a population of 100 000 or more 84 as of the 2000 U S census This no longer applies to Gary since the population of the city has now fallen well below 100 000 residents As of 2013 the Gary Department of Redevelopment has estimated that one third of all homes in the city are unoccupied and or abandoned 16 U S Steel continues to be a major steel producer but with only a fraction of its former level of employment While Gary has failed to reestablish a manufacturing base since its population peak two casinos opened along the Gary lakeshore in the 1990s although this has been aggravated by the state closing of Cline Avenue an important access to the area Today Gary faces the difficulties of a Rust Belt city including poorly run city management unemployment and decaying infrastructure Recent history Edit Gary has closed several of its schools within the last ten years when While some of the school buildings have been reused most remain unused since their closing As of 2014 Gary is considering closing additional schools in response to budget deficits 17 18 Gary chief of police Thomas Houston was convicted of excessive force and abuse of authority in 2008 he died in 2010 while serving a three year five month federal prison sentence 19 20 In April 2011 75 year old mayor Rudolph M Clay announced that he would suspend his campaign for reelection as he was being treated for prostate cancer He endorsed rival Karen Freeman Wilson who won the Democratic mayoral primary in May 2011 21 Freeman Wilson won election with 87 percent of the vote and her term began in January 2012 she is the first woman elected mayor in the city s history 22 She was reelected in 2015 23 She was defeated in her bid for a third term in the 2019 Democratic primary by Lake County Assessor Jerome Prince Since no challengers filed for the November 2019 general election Prince s nomination is effectively tantamount to election and officially succeeded Freeman Wilson on January 1 2020 two days after he was sworn in as the city s 21st mayor on December 30 2019 24 25 In May 2021 a 300 million Hard Rock Casino location opened in the city Branded as Hard Rock Casino Northern Indiana the location includes memorabilia from local natives Jackson 5 and a 1 950 seat Hard Rock Live performance hall 26 National Register of Historic Places Edit The following single properties and national historic districts are listed on the National Register of Historic Places American Sheet and Tin Mill Apartment Building Louis J Bailey Branch Library Gary International Institute Combs Addition Historic District Ralph Waldo Emerson School Eskilson Historic District Gary Bathing Beach Aquatorium Gary City Center Historic District Gary Land Company Building Gary Public Schools Memorial Auditorium Jackson Monroe Terraces Historic District Jefferson Street Historic District Knights of Columbus Building Lincoln Street Historic District Horace Mann Historic District Miller Town Hall Monroe Terrace Historic District Morningside Historic District Polk Street Concrete Cottage Historic District Polk Street Terraces Historic District Theodore Roosevelt High School Barney Sablotney House St Augustine s Episcopal Church Van Buren Terrace Historic District West Fifth Avenue Apartments Historic District St John s Evangelical Lutheran Church and School 27 Neighborhoods Edit Lake County Indiana Superior Court Building City Hall Map of Gary gray represents the industrial corridor Lake County Superior Court House and US Steel Gary Works Downtown Gary Edit Downtown Gary is separated by Broadway into two distinctive communities Originally the City of Gary consisted of The East Side The West Side The South Side the area south of the train tracks near 9th Avenue and Glen Park located further South along Broadway The East Side was demarcated by streets named after the States in order of their acceptance into the Union This area contained mostly wood frame houses some of the earliest in the city and became known in the 20th century for its ethnic populations from Europe and large families The single family houses had repeating house designs that alternated from one street to another with some streets looking very similar Among the East Side s most notable buildings were Memorial Auditorium a large red brick and stone civic auditorium and the site of numerous events concerts and graduations The Palace Theater Emerson School St Luke s Church H C Gordon amp Sons and Goldblatt s Department stores in addition to the Fair Department Store All fronted Broadway as the main street that divided Gary The West Side of Gary or West of Broadway the principal commercial street had streets named after the presidents of the United States in order of their election Lytton s Hudson s ladies store J C Penney and Radigan Bros Furniture Store developed on the west side of Broadway Developed later this side of town was known for its masonry or brick residences its taller and larger commercial buildings including the Gary National Bank Building Hotel Gary now Genesis Towers The Knights of Columbus Hotel amp Building now a seniors building fronting 5th Avenue the Tivoli Theater demolished the U S Post Office Main Library Mercy and Methodist Hospitals and Holy Angels Cathedral and School The West Side also had a secondary principal street Fifth Avenue which was lined with many commercial businesses restaurants theaters tall buildings and elegant apartment buildings The West Side was viewed as having wealthier residents The houses dated from about 1908 to the 1930s Much of the West Side s housing were for executives of U S Steel and other prominent businessmen Notable mansions were 413 Tyler Street and 636 Lincoln Street Many of the houses were on larger lots By contrast a working class area was made up of row houses made of poured concrete were arranged together and known as Mill Houses they were built to house steel mill workers The areas known as Emerson and Downtown West combine to form Downtown Gary It was developed in the 1920s and houses several pieces of impressive architecture including the Moe House designed by Frank Lloyd Wright and another the Wynant House 1917 which was destroyed by fire A significant number of older structures have been demolished in recent years because of the cost of restoration Restructuring of the steel and other heavy industry in the late 20th century resulted in a loss of jobs adversely affecting the city Abandoned buildings in the downtown area include historic structures such as Union Station the Palace Theater and City Methodist Church A large area of the downtown neighborhood including City Methodist was devastated by a major fire on October 12 1997 28 29 Interstate 90 was constructed between downtown Gary and the United States Steel plant West Edit Homes in the Combs Addition Historic District of the Ambridge Mann neighborhood Ambridge Mann is a neighborhood located on Gary s near west side along 5th Avenue Ambridge was developed for workers at the nearby steel plant in the 1910s and 1920s It is named after the American Bridge Works which was a subsidiary of U S Steel The neighborhood is home to a huge stock of prairie style and art deco homes The Gary Masonic Temple was located in the neighborhood along with the Ambassador apartment building Located just south of Interstate 90 the neighborhood can be seen while passing Buchanan Street Brunswick is located on Gary s far west side The neighborhood is located just south of Interstate 90 and can also be seen from the expressway The Brunswick area includes the Tri City Plaza shopping center on West 5th Avenue U S 20 The area is south of the Gary Chicago International Airport Downtown West is located in north central Gary on the west side of Broadway just south of Interstate 90 The Genesis Convention Center the Gary Police Department the Lake Superior Court House and the Main Branch of the Gary Public Library are located along 5th Avenue A new 123 unit mixed income apartment development was built using a HUD HOPE VI grant in 2006 The Adam Benjamin Metro Center is located just north of 4th Avenue It is operated by the Gary Public Transportation Corporation and serves as a multi modal hub It serves both as the Downtown Gary South Shore train station and an intercity bus stop Tolleston is one of Gary s oldest neighborhoods predating much of the rest of the city It was platted by George Tolle in 1857 when the railroads were constructed in this area This area is west of Midtown and south of Ambridge Mann Tarrytown is a subdivision located in Tolleston between Whitcomb Street and Clark Road South Edit Broadway in the Glen Park neighborhood Black Oak is located on the far southwest side of Gary in the vicinity of the Burr Street exit to the Borman Expressway It was annexed in the 1970s Prior to that Black Oak was an unincorporated area informally associated with Hammond and the area has Hammond telephone numbers After three referendums the community voters approved annexation having been persuaded by Mayor Hatcher that they would benefit more from services provided by the city than from those provided by the county In the 21st century it is the only majority white neighborhood in Gary Glen Park is located on Gary s far south side and is made up mostly of mid twentieth century houses Glen Park is divided from the remainder of the city by the Borman Expressway The northern portion of Glen Park is home to Gary s Gleason Park Golf Course and the campus of Indiana University Northwest The far western portion of Glen Park is home to the Village Shopping Center Glen Park includes the 37th Avenue corridor at Broadway Midtown is located south of Downtown Gary along Broadway In the pre 1960s days of de facto segregation this developed historically as a black neighborhood as African Americans came to Gary from the rural South in the Great Migration to seek jobs in the industrial economy North and East Edit Commercial district in the Miller Beach neighborhood Aetna is located on Gary s far east side along the Dunes Highway Aetna predates the city of Gary This company town was founded in 1881 by the Aetna Powder Works an explosives company Their factory closed after the end of World War I The Town of Aetna was annexed by Gary in 1928 around the same time that the city annexed the Town of Miller In the late 1920s and early 1930s Gary s prosperous industries helped generate residential and other development in Aetna resulting in an impressive collection of art deco architecture The rest of the community was built after World War II and the Korean War in the 1950s in a series of phases On its south and east Aetna borders the undeveloped floodplain of the Little Calumet River Emerson is located in north central Gary on the east side of Broadway Located just south of Interstate 90 Gary City Hall is located in Emerson along with the Indiana Department of Social Services building and the Calumet Township Trustee s office A 6 000 seat minor league baseball stadium for the Gary SouthShore RailCats U S Steel Yard was constructed in 2002 along with contiguous commercial space and minor residential development Miller Beach also known simply as Miller is on Gary s far northeast side Settled in the 1850s and incorporated as an independent town in 1907 Miller was annexed by the city of Gary in 1918 Miller developed around the old stagecoach stop and train station known by the 1850s as Miller s Junction and or Miller s Station Miller Beach is racially and economically diverse It attracts investor interest due to the many year round and summer homes within walking distance of Marquette Park and Lake Michigan Prices for lakefront property are affordable compared to those in Illinois suburban communities Lake Street provides shopping and dining options for Miller Beach visitors and residents East Edge a development of 28 upscale condominium townhome and single family homes began construction in 2007 at the eastern edge of Miller Beach along County Line Road one block south of Lake Michigan 30 Geography Edit The Chicago skyline viewed across Lake Michigan from Lake Street Beach in Gary s Miller Beach neighborhood The city is located at the southern end of the former lake bed of the prehistoric Lake Chicago and the current Lake Michigan Most of the city s soil to nearly one foot below the surface is pure sand The sand beneath Gary and on its beaches is of such volume and quality that for over a century companies have mined it especially for the manufacture of glass 31 According to the 2010 census Gary has a total area of 57 18 square miles 148 10 km2 of which 49 87 square miles 129 16 km2 or 87 22 is land and 7 31 square miles 18 93 km2 or 12 78 is water 32 Gary is T shaped with its northern border on Lake Michigan In the northwesternmost section Gary borders Hammond and East Chicago 165th Street one of several roads connecting Hammond and Gary has been walled off from Gary since 1981 initially due to a toxic flood 33 Miller Beach Gary s easternmost neighborhood borders Lake Station and Portage Gary s southernmost section borders Griffith Hobart Merrillville and unincorporated Ross Gary is about 30 miles 48 km from the Chicago Loop 34 Climate Edit Gary is listed by the Koppen Geiger climate classification system as humid continental Dfa In July and August the warmest months high temperatures average 84 F 29 C and peak just above 100 F 38 C and low temperatures average 63 F 17 C In January and February the coldest months high temperatures average around 29 F 2 C and low temperatures average 13 F 11 C with at least a few days of temperatures dipping below 0 F 18 C The weather in Gary is greatly regulated by its proximity to Lake Michigan Weather varies yearly In the summer months Gary is humid The city s yearly precipitation averages about 40 inches Summer is the rainiest season Winters vary but are predominantly snowy Snowfall in Gary averages approximately 25 inches per year Sometimes large blizzards hit because of lake effect snow a phenomenon whereby large amounts of water evaporated from the lake deposit onto the shoreline areas as inordinate amounts of snow Climate data for Gary IndianaMonth Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec YearRecord high F C 70 21 70 21 81 27 92 33 100 38 106 41 104 40 102 39 103 39 92 33 84 29 67 19 106 41 Average high F C 31 5 0 3 35 2 1 8 44 7 7 1 58 4 14 7 69 1 20 6 79 6 26 4 83 8 28 8 82 5 28 1 75 5 24 2 64 6 18 1 48 5 9 2 35 8 2 1 59 1 15 1 Average low F C 16 5 8 6 19 9 6 7 29 0 1 7 40 0 4 4 49 7 9 8 59 9 15 5 64 9 18 3 63 9 17 7 56 0 13 3 45 7 7 6 33 2 0 7 21 9 5 6 41 7 5 4 Record low F C 22 30 10 23 6 21 17 8 25 4 36 2 46 8 43 6 33 1 20 7 1 18 17 27 22 30 Average precipitation inches mm 1 8 46 1 7 43 3 3 84 3 7 94 3 8 97 4 5 110 3 5 89 3 4 86 3 9 99 2 6 66 2 5 64 3 0 76 37 8 960 Average snowfall inches cm 7 8 20 5 4 14 3 0 7 6 0 7 1 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 51 1 7 4 3 5 9 15 24 7 63 Average precipitation days 0 01 in 9 9 11 12 12 10 9 8 9 8 10 9 116Source 1 Weatherbase 35 Source 2 36 Demographics EditThe change in the economy and resulting loss of jobs has caused a drop in population by more than half since its peak in 1960 Historical population CensusPop Note 191016 802 192055 378229 6 1930100 66681 8 1940111 71911 0 1950133 91119 9 1960178 32033 2 1970175 415 1 6 1980151 968 13 4 1990116 646 23 2 2000102 746 11 9 201080 294 21 9 202069 093 13 9 U S Decennial Census 37 2010 38 2020 39 2020 census Edit Gary city Indiana Demographic Profile NH Non Hispanic Race Ethnicity Pop 2010 38 Pop 2020 39 2010 2020White alone NH 7 151 6 374 8 91 9 23 Black or African American alone NH 67 363 54 660 83 90 79 11 Native American or Alaska Native alone NH 197 112 0 25 0 16 Asian alone NH 156 124 0 19 0 18 Pacific Islander alone NH 5 11 0 01 0 02 Some Other Race alone NH 69 390 0 09 0 56 Mixed Race Multi Racial NH 1 225 2 201 1 53 3 19 Hispanic or Latino any race 4 128 5 221 5 14 7 56 Total 80 294 69 093 100 00 100 00 Note the US Census treats Hispanic Latino as an ethnic category This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category Hispanics Latinos can be of any race 2010 census Edit As of the census 40 of 2010 there were 80 294 people 31 380 households and 19 691 families residing in the city The population density was 1 610 1 inhabitants per square mile 621 7 km2 There were 39 531 housing units at an average density of 792 7 per square mile 306 1 km2 The racial makeup of the city was 84 8 African American 10 7 White 0 3 Native American 0 2 Asian 1 8 from other races and 2 1 from two or more races Hispanic or Latino people of any race were 5 1 of the population Non Hispanic Whites were 8 9 of the population in 2010 41 down from 39 1 in 1970 42 There were 31 380 households of which 33 5 had children under the age of 18 living with them 25 2 were married couples living together 30 9 had a female householder with no husband present 6 7 had a male householder with no wife present and 37 2 were non families 32 8 of all households were made up of individuals and 11 9 had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older The average household size was 2 54 and the average family size was 3 23 The median age in the city was 36 7 years 28 1 of residents were under the age of 18 8 6 were between the ages of 18 and 24 21 8 were from 25 to 44 27 1 were from 45 to 64 and 14 5 were 65 years of age or older The gender makeup of the city was 46 0 male and 54 0 female 2000 census Edit As of the census of 2000 there were 102 746 people 38 244 households and 25 623 families residing in the city The population density was 2 045 5 inhabitants per square mile 789 8 km2 There were 43 630 housing units at an average density of 868 6 per square mile 335 4 km2 The racial makeup of the city was 84 03 African American 11 92 White 0 21 Native American 0 14 Asian 0 02 Pacific Islander 1 97 from other races and 1 71 from two or more races Hispanic or Latino people of any race were 4 93 of the population There were 38 244 households out of which 31 2 had children under the age of 18 living with them 30 2 were married couples living together 30 9 had a female householder with no husband present and 33 0 were non families 28 9 of all households were made up of individuals and 9 4 had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older The average household size was 2 66 and the average family size was 3 28 In the city the population was spread out with 29 9 under the age of 18 10 1 from 18 to 24 25 1 from 25 to 44 22 2 from 45 to 64 and 12 8 who were 65 years of age or older The median age was 34 years For every 100 females there were 84 6 males For every 100 females age 18 and over there were 78 0 males The median income for a household in the city was 27 195 and the median income for a family was 32 205 Males had a median income of 34 992 versus 24 432 for females The per capita income for the city was 14 383 About 22 2 of families and 25 8 of the population were below the poverty line including 37 9 of those under age 18 and 14 1 of those age 65 or over Arts and culture EditArts and film Edit A Nightmare on Elm Street being filmed in Gary Meredith Willson s 1957 Broadway musical The Music Man featured the song Gary Indiana in which lead character and con man Professor Harold Hill wistfully recalls his purported hometown then prosperous Hill claims to be an alumnus of Gary Conservatory of Music Class of 05 but this is later revealed to be another of his lies The City of Gary was not founded until 1906 Willson s musical set in 1912 was adapted both as a film of the same name released in 1962 and as a television film produced in 2003 The 1996 urban film Original Gangstas was filmed in the city It starred Gary native Fred Williamson Pam Grier Jim Brown Richard Roundtree and Isabel Sanford among others Since the early 2000s Gary has been the setting for numerous films made by Hollywood filmmakers In 2009 scenes for the remake of A Nightmare on Elm Street were filmed in Gary 43 Scenes from Transformers Dark of the Moon wrapped up filming on August 16 2010 44 The History Channel documentary Life After People was filmed in Gary exploring areas that have deteriorated or been abandoned because of the loss of jobs and residents 45 In John Mellencamp s 1985 song Minutes to Memories an old man on a bus recalling his humble life tells the young man beside him I worked my whole life in the steel mills of Gary Historic places on the National Register Edit St Augustine s Episcopal Church Ralph Waldo Emerson School Barney Sablotney House Morningside Historic District Theodore Roosevelt High School Polk Street Concrete Cottage Historic District Polk Street Terraces Historic District Van Buren Terrace Historic District West Fifth Avenue Apartments Historic District Miller Town Hall American Sheet and Tin Mill Apartment Building Louis J Bailey Branch Library Gary International Institute Gary Land Company Building Gary City Center Historic District Jackson Monroe Terraces Historic District Jefferson Street Historic District Knights of Columbus Building Horace Mann Historic District Gary Public Schools Memorial Auditorium Union StationPublic libraries Edit Gary Public Library and Cultural Center in 2019 The Gary Public Library System consists of the main library at 220 West 5th Avenue and several branches Brunswick Branch W E B DuBois Branch J F Kennedy Branch Tolleston Branch and Woodson Branch 46 In March 2011 the Gary Library Board voted to close the main library on 5th Avenue and the Tolleston branch in what officials said was their best economic option The main library closed at the end of 2011 The building now houses a museum 47 Lake County Public Library operates the Black Oak Branch at 5921 West 25th Avenue in the Gary city limits 48 In addition Indiana University Northwest operates the John W Anderson Library on its campus 49 Sports Edit U S Steel Yard home of the Gary SouthShore RailCats The following sports franchises are based in Gary The Gary SouthShore RailCats are an American Association professional baseball team The team plays in Gary s U S Steel Yard baseball stadium The RailCats played in the Northern League from 2002 until 2010 They now play in the modern American Association The team won league championships in 2005 2007 and 2013 50 51 Gary has hosted two professional basketball franchises The Gary Splash played in the International Basketball League from 2010 to 2013 at the Genesis Convention Center Previously the Gary Steelheads played in the Genesis Convention Center as part of the IBL 1999 2001 CBA USBL and IBL Education EditThree school districts serve the city and multiple charter schools are located within the city Public schools Edit Most public schools in Gary are administered by the Gary Community School Corporation The other public schools within the city are administered by Lake Ridge Schools Corporation which is the school system for the Black Oak neighborhood and unincorporated Calumet Township Due to annexation law Black Oak residents retained their original school system and were not required to attend Gary public schools In 1927 it was mandated that Black students attend a separate high school 52 Charter schools Edit Charter schools in Indiana including those in Gary are granted charters by one of a small number of chartering institutions Indiana charter schools are generally managed in cooperation between the chartering institution a local board of parents and community members salaried school administrators and a management company Charter schools in Gary as of 2011 include Thea Bowman Leadership Academy Charter School of the Dunes Gary Lighthouse Charter School formerly Blessed Sacrament Parish and Grade School and 21st Century Charter Higher education Edit Indiana University Northwest Gary is home to two regional state college campuses Indiana University Northwest Ivy Tech Community College NorthwestMedia EditNewspapers Edit Gary is served by two major newspapers based outside the city and by a Gary based largely African American interest paper These papers provide regional topics and cover events in Gary The Post Tribune originally the Gary Post Tribune is now based in the nearby town of Merrillville The Times previously known as the Hammond Times Offices and facilities for The Times are in nearby Munster The Gary Crusader based in Gary and largely focused on African American interests and readership The INFO Newspaper based in Gary and largely focused on African American interests and readership The Chicago Tribune and the Chicago Sun Times based in Chicago are also distributed in Gary Television and radio Edit Gary is served by five local broadcasters plus government access and numerous Chicago area radio and TV stations and by other nearby stations in Illinois and Indiana WPWR TV Channel 50 is the Chicago MyNetworkTV affiliate but is licensed to Gary Studios and transmitters are co located with WFLD s in Chicago and are also owned by Fox Television Stations WYIN Channel 56 is a PBS affiliate licensed to Gary Their studios are in Merrillville WGVE FM 88 7 is owned by the Gary Community School Corporation and is used primarily as a teaching facility Programming is maintained by students in the broadcast program at the Gary Career Center WGVE also carries limited NPR programming WLTH AM 1370 primarily carries talk programming as well as other local programs WWCA AM 1270 is a Relevant Radio owned and operated radio station carrying programming from the Catholic oriented Relevant Radio network Infrastructure EditMedical facilities Edit Gary Community Health Center Methodist HospitalPolice Edit Gary is served by the Gary Police Department and the Lake County Sheriff While 1 in 270 people are victimized by a violent crime in Indiana that rate is 1 in 177 in Gary 53 Fire department Edit Historical photo of the Gary Fire Department in 1914 The Gary Fire Department GFD provides fire protection and emergency medical services to the city of Gary 54 Transportation Edit Adam Benjamin Metro Center is the city s intermodal public transit center Gary Public Transportation Corporation GPTC is a commuter bus system that offers service to numerous stops throughout the city and neighboring suburbs GPTC also has express service to locations outside the city including connections to Chicago transit Front door pickup is available for disabled citizens at no extra cost Gary Chicago International Airport is operating as the third airport for the Chicago area With a new runway 9 it previously underwent a federally funded expansion and the administration has been courting airlines aggressively The National Guard has based its Chicago area air operation there as well 55 Interstate 90 I 90 Indiana Toll Road I 80 I 94 and I 65 run through Gary as well as U S Highway 6 US 6 US 12 and US 20 and State Road 912 SR 912 Cline Avenue A former stretch of SR 312 has been decommissioned Northern Indiana Commuter Transportation District NICTD operates the South Shore Line a commuter rail system between Chicago and South Bend It is one of the last original operating interurban railway systems in the US Notable people EditThis section needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed October 2012 Learn how and when to remove this template message The Jacksons Edit Michael Jackson s childhood home in Gary Indiana shortly after the singer s death in 2009 Gary is the hometown of the Jackson family a family of musicians who influenced the sound of modern popular music In 1950 Joseph and Katherine Jackson moved from East Chicago Indiana 56 into their two bedroom house at 2300 Jackson Street They had married on November 5 1949 Their entertainer children later recorded a song entitled 2300 Jackson Street 1989 The Jackson children include Rebbie Jackson Jackie Jackson Tito Jackson Jermaine Jackson La Toya Jackson Marlon Jackson Michael Jackson Randy Jackson Janet Jackson Other notable people Edit Charles Adkins Olympic boxer Forddy Anderson NCAA basketball coach Dan Barreiro sports radio talk show host Bob Benoit horse racing executive Albert M Bielawski early 20th century Michigan politician Frank Borman crew member of Apollo 8 the first crew to fly to and orbit the Moon oldest living former astronaut Lyman Bostock Major League Baseball MLB player John Brim bluesman Donna Britt journalist and author Avery Brooks actor director Vic Bubas NCAA basketball coach John A Bushemi WWII photographer killed in action Vivian Carter music producer John Chickerneo National Football League NFL player Rudolph M Clay Mayor of Gary 2006 12 William Coyne DuPont Company executive 57 Branden Dawson born 1993 basketball player Tony DeSantis 1914 2007 founder of Drury Lane theaters Polly Draper born 1955 actress Thirtysomething Dianne Durham 1967 2021 first Black national gymnastics champion Clarissa Pinkola Estes writer and psychoanalyst Bianca Ferguson born 1955 actress General Hospital Harry Flournoy 1943 2016 basketball player Tellis Frank born 1965 basketball player Karen Freeman Wilson born 1960 Mayor of Gary 2012 19 former Indiana Attorney General Maurice Friedman 1903 1991 reproductive physiology researcher Winston Garland born 1964 basketball player Joe Gates 1954 2010 baseball player Freddie Gibbs born 1982 rapper A J Hammons born 1992 basketball player Tom Harmon 1919 1990 1940 Heisman Trophy winner for Michigan sportscaster father of actor Mark Harmon Richard G Hatcher 1933 2019 Mayor of Gary 1968 87 LaTroy Hawkins born 1972 MLB pitcher for 21 years Chuck Higgins saxophonist best known for the song Pachuko Hop Eric Hillman born 1966 MLB and Japan pitcher Gerald Irons born 1949 NFL linebacker for Oakland Raiders and Cleveland Browns 1970 79 Johnny Jackson 1955 2006 drummer for Jackson 5 murdered in Gary in 2006 Tim Jankovich basketball head coach SMU Elijah Johnson born 1990 basketball player in the Israeli Basketball Premier League Jason Johnson born 1965 NFL player Tank Johnson born 1981 NFL player Alex Karras 1935 2012 winner of Outland Trophy member of College Football Hall of Fame and Pro Football Hall of Fame NFL player and actor Blazing Saddles Webster Lou Karras 1927 2018 NFL player 1950 52 Ted Karras Jr born 1964 football player and coach Ted Karras Sr 1934 2016 NFL player 1958 66 Robert Kearns 1927 2005 inventor of intermittent windshield wiper systems subject of Flash of Genius Big Daddy Kinsey 1927 2002 Blues singer guitarist harmonica player and bandleader of The Kinsey Report with his sons Ron Kittle born 1958 Chicago White Sox outfielder and 1983 American League Rookie of the Year Milo Komenich 1920 1977 basketball player for 1943 national champion Wyoming Bob Kuechenberg 1947 2019 NFL lineman two time Super Bowl champion with Miami Dolphins Barney Liddell 1921 2003 trombonist in the Lawrence Welk Orchestra 1948 1982 Kevin Magee 1959 2003 basketball player Karl Malden 1912 2009 Academy Award winning actor born in Chicago raised in Gary William Marshall 1924 2003 stage and film actor Milt May born 1950 professional baseball player Kym Mazelle born 1960 singer Willie McCarter born 1946 NBA player Los Angeles Lakers Lloyd McClendon born 1959 professional baseball player manager of Pittsburgh Pirates Seattle Mariners 58 Matt McConnell born 1963 television broadcaster for the Arizona Coyotes National Hockey League James McCracken opera singer Robert A McDonald born 1953 CEO of Procter amp Gamble Secretary of Veterans Affairs under Barack Obama Ralph McQuarrie 1929 2012 conceptual designer and illustrator for Star Wars Larry Moffett 1954 2011 basketball player Brandon Moore born 1980 NFL player Sista Monica Parker 1956 2014 electric blues gospel and soul singer songwriter producer 59 Jerilynn Patton known as Jlin electronic musician Jon Petrovich 1947 2011 television executive CNN Dan Plesac born 1962 MLB pitcher with 18 year career MLB Network analyst Jesse Powell born 1971 2022 recording artist Elizabeth Brown Pryor 1951 2015 author and diplomat Jimmy Reed 1925 1976 musician Blues Hall of Fame Glenn Robinson born 1973 NBA player and league s No 1 draft pick father of Glenn Robinson III Glenn Robinson III born 1994 NBA player Paul Samuelson 1915 2009 economist recipient of John Bates Clark Medal 1947 and Nobel Prize 1970 Sharmell born 1970 WWE wrestler and valet Jerry Shay born 1944 NFL player 1966 71 Helene Stanley 1929 1990 film actress Joseph Stiglitz born 1943 economist recipient of John Bates Clark Medal 1979 and Nobel Prize 2001 Hank Stram 1923 2005 NFL head coach 1960 1977 member of Pro Football Hall of Fame Jeanne Stunyo born 1936 diver Olympic silver medalist George Taliaferro 1927 2018 quarterback in College Football Hall of Fame Crystal Taliefero born 1963 singer Ernest Lee Thomas born 1949 actor What s Happening Todd Wagner born 1960 entrepreneur 60 61 Deniece Williams born 1950 Grammy Award winning R amp B artist Fred Williamson born 1938 NFL player linebacker for Kansas City Chiefs in Super Bowl I 3 time AFL All Star actor director producer Tony Zale 1913 1997 twice middleweight champion member of International Boxing Hall of FameSister cities EditFuxin Liaoning China 62 Lagos Nigeria 63 64 See also Edit Chicago portal Indiana portal Cities portalNorthwest Indiana Neighborhoods in Gary Indiana Magnitogorsk a city in Russia modeled after GaryReferences Edit a b c City of Gary Geographic Names Information System United States Geological Survey United States Department of the Interior 2014 Public Officials Directory Lake County Board of Elections and Voter s Registration Archived from the original on December 26 2018 Retrieved June 30 2014 2020 U S Gazetteer Files United States Census Bureau Retrieved March 16 2022 Stephanie Smith Steve Mark 2006 Alice Gray Dorothy Buell and Naomi Svihla Preservationists of Ogden Dunes The South Shore Journal 1 15 21 ISSN 1933 8163 Archived from the original on September 13 2012 Retrieved May 20 2018 Smith Stephanie The Historical Roots of The Nature Conservancy in the Northwest Indiana Chicagoland Region From Science to Preservation South Shore Journal Archived from the original on January 1 2016 Retrieved 2015 11 22 Gary city Indiana United States Census Bureau Retrieved April 15 2022 Engel Pamela June 20 2013 Gary Indiana Is Deteriorating So Much That It May Cut Off Services To Nearly Half Of Its Land Business Insider Retrieved April 6 2014 White flight followed factory jobs out of Gary Indiana Black people didn t have a choice Indiana The Guardian amp theguardian com Retrieved September 16 2022 a b Donley Brendan August 22 2017 A Day at the Beach in Yes Gary Indiana The New York Times Retrieved August 22 2017 About Gary City of Gary Indiana Retrieved June 17 2022 O Hara S Paul 2011 Gary the most American of all American cities Bloomington Ind u a Indiana Univ Press ISBN 9780253222886 Mohl Raymond A 1986 Steel city urban and ethnic patterns in Gary Indiana 1906 1950 Holmes amp Meier OCLC 562497857 The Sheraton Hotel of Gary Indiana Sometimes Interesting June 8 2013 Chris Bentley February 26 2015 How Gary Indiana Got Serious About Tackling Blight City Lab Puente Michael March 9 2012 Gary s National Black Political Convention 40 years on WBEZ Retrieved October 7 2016 Harper s Index Harper s Harper s Foundation 327 1 962 17 November 2013 Retrieved December 30 2013 subscription required Carlson Carole February 17 2014 Gary ponders closing schools to save money Post Tribute Archived from the original on July 14 2014 Retrieved April 1 2014 Kirk Chelsea For sale 11 schools slightly used in Gary Indiana Economic Digest Retrieved April 1 2014 08 870 Gary Indiana Former Police Chief Convicted on Federal Civil Rights Violation September 30 2008 Justice gov Retrieved on 2011 03 22 Kwiatkowski Marisa November 27 2010 Former Gary police chief dies The Times of Northwest Indiana Retrieved December 30 2013 Guzzardi Will April 8 2011 Gary Indiana Mayor Rudy Clay Not Seeking Re Election Due To Illness HuffPost Retrieved April 25 2012 Democrat Karen Freeman Wilson easily wins election as Gary s first woman mayor Daily Reporter Associated Press August 11 2011 Retrieved August 11 2011 permanent dead link Indiana Voters indianavoters in gov Retrieved November 18 2020 Jerome Prince Defeats Incumbent to Win Gary Indiana in Democratic Primary Associated Press May 13 2019 Retrieved December 15 2019 Prince sworn in as city s 21st mayor Gary s problems are fixable he says Retrieved December 31 2019 New 300 million casino opens in northwestern Indiana Associated Press May 15 2021 Retrieved August 11 2022 St John s Evangelical Lutheran Church Receives Historical Designation Indiana District LCMS Retrieved November 18 2020 Indiana Historic Architecture Editorials Preserveindiana com Retrieved April 25 2012 Blaze Hits Downtown Gary Chicago Tribune October 13 1997 Retrieved April 24 2012 It s Miller s time in Lake County Indiana Economic Digest April 16 2006 Retrieved April 25 2012 Detailed in n a n d but since 1993 National Park Service book on sand ch 4 concerns Major Sand Mining Companies and their sand sucking operations along the Indiana coast of Lake Michigan from c 1890 to the present Available online at https www nps gov rlc greatlakes upload Sand Chapter 4 Companies and Customers pdf G001 Geographic Identifiers 2010 Census Summary File 1 United States Census Bureau Archived from the original on February 13 2020 Retrieved July 28 2015 Schmidt William E September 5 1988 Hammond Journal Earthen Barrier Serves as Both Dam and Symbol The New York Times p 6 Retrieved October 26 2022 Gary to Chicago Loop via I 90 W around 30 miles Google Maps https goo gl maps ejwWg8MwDts4SD3C7 Weatherbase Historical Weather for Gary Indiana Weatherbase Retrieved February 18 2013 Gary Weather Gary IN Conditions Forecast Average Idcide com Archived from the original on September 5 2008 Retrieved November 22 2015 Decennial Census of Population and Housing by Decades US Census Bureau a b P2 HISPANIC OR LATINO AND NOT HISPANIC OR LATINO BY RACE 2010 DEC Redistricting Data PL 94 171 Gary city Indiana United States Census Bureau a b P2 HISPANIC OR LATINO AND NOT HISPANIC OR LATINO BY RACE 2020 DEC Redistricting Data PL 94 171 Gary city Indiana United States Census Bureau U S Census website United States Census Bureau Retrieved December 11 2012 Gary city Indiana State amp County QuickFacts U S Census Bureau Archived from the original on August 5 2012 Indiana Race and Hispanic Origin for Selected Cities and Other Places Earliest Census to 1990 U S Census Bureau Archived from the original on August 12 2012 Featured Articles from the Chicago Tribune Chicago Tribune dead link Transformers set in Gary explosive Nwitimes com August 17 2010 Retrieved on 2011 03 22 Shows HISTORY Archived from the original on November 23 2010 Retrieved July 24 2011 Locations amp Hours Archived January 1 2009 at the Wayback Machine Gary Public Library System Retrieved on January 21 2009 Christin Nance Lazerus March 31 2011 Gary s main library closing Chicago Sun Times Retrieved March 31 2011 Lake County Public Library Locations and Hours Archived December 25 2008 at the Wayback Machine Library Indiana University Northwest Iun edu Archived from the original on October 4 2012 Retrieved November 22 2015 Osipoff Michael RailCats not afraid of Wichita for championship series Archived October 20 2014 at the Wayback Machine Chicago Sun Times 11 October 2013 Retrieved on 03 September 2014 American Association Baseball RailCats Claim 2013 Championship Archived September 3 2014 at the Wayback Machine 14 September 2013 Retrieved on 03 September 2014 Sdunzik Jennifer 2018 A State By State History of Race and Racism in the United States Santa Barbra California Greenwood pp 283 288 ISBN 978 1440856006 Gary IN Crime Rates and Statistics neighborhoodscout com Retrieved September 1 2021 Gary Fire Department provides a high quality emergency fire rescue and emergency medical service Gary in us Archived from the original on January 27 2013 Retrieved November 22 2015 Benman Keith October 27 2009 National Guard armory ready to serve at Gary airport Nwitimes com Retrieved on 2011 03 22 Jackson Katherine Rich Wiseman 1990 My Family the Jacksons St Martin s Paperbacks ISBN 0 312 92350 3 Proceedings of the Lake Superior Mining Institute August 28 and 29 1936 PDF Vol XXIX Ishpeming MI Lake Superior Mining Institute 1936 p 229 Archived PDF from the original on December 31 2010 Lloyd McClendon Stats Baseball Almanac Retrieved October 30 2012 Richard Skelly Sista Monica Parker Biography amp History AllMusic Retrieved November 22 2015 Blount Joresa Self Made Billionaire Todd Wagner On Pivoting Sucessfully sic Forbes Retrieved November 18 2020 Schwartz Adam Media Executives Todd R Wagner and James Fielding Profiles Indiana Public Media Retrieved November 18 2020 Mayor Clay s Statement on Gary s 1st Trade Mission to China Press Statement PDF May 22 2008 Archived from the original PDF on June 9 2009 Retrieved January 14 2010 Gary Indiana PDF US Sister Cities by State with Affiliated African Countries Archived from the original PDF on November 21 2015 Retrieved March 28 2015 State The Kokomo Tribune Kokomo Indiana November 25 1991 p 21 Further reading EditBarnes Sandra L The cost of being poor A comparative study of life in poor urban neighborhoods in Gary Indiana State University of New York Press 2012 Betten Neil and Raymond A Mohl From discrimination to repatriation Mexican Life in Gary Indiana during the great depression Pacific Historical Review 42 3 1973 370 388 online Brook Anthony Gary Indiana steeltown extraordinary Journal of American Studies 9 1 1975 35 53 Catlin Robert A Racial politics and urban planning Gary Indiana 1980 1989 University Press of Kentucky 1993 Cohen Ronald D Children of the mill Schooling and society in Gary Indiana 1906 1960 Routledge 2014 Hurly Andrew The social biases of environmental change in Gary Indiana 1945 1980 Environmental Review 12 4 1988 1 20 Hurley Andrew Environmental inequalities Class race and industrial pollution in Gary Indiana 1945 1980 Univ of North Carolina Press 1995 Lane James 1978 City of the Century A History of Gary Indiana Bloomington Indiana Indiana University Press ISBN 0 253 11187 0 Lane James 2006 Gary s First Hundred Years A Centennial History of Gary Indiana 1906 2006 Valparaiso Indiana Home Mountain Printing ISBN 0 9773511 1 4 Lane James B Cohen Ronald D 2003 Gary Indiana a pictorial history Virginia Beach VA Donning Co Publishers ISBN 9781578642106 Mohl Raymond A and Neil Betten The failure of industrial city planning Gary Indiana 1906 1910 Journal of the American Institute of Planners 38 4 1972 203 214 Mohl Raymond A Betten Neil 1986 Steel city urban and ethnic patterns in Gary Indiana 1906 1950 New York Holmes amp Meier ISBN 978 0841910775 O Hara S Paul The Very Model of Modern Urban Decay Outsiders Narratives of Industry and Urban Decline in Gary Indiana Journal of Urban History 37 2 2011 135 154 O Hara S Paul 2011 Gary the most American of all American cities Bloomington Ind u a Indiana Univ Press ISBN 9780253222886 External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Gary Indiana Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Gary Official website Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Gary Indiana amp oldid 1147017830, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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