A pilot experiment, pilot study, pilot test or pilot project is a small-scale preliminary study conducted to evaluate feasibility, duration, cost, adverse events, and improve upon the study design prior to performance of a full-scale research project.[1][2]
Pilot experiments are frequently carried out before large-scale quantitative research, in an attempt to avoid time and money being used on an inadequately designed project. A pilot study is usually carried out on members of the relevant population.[1] A pilot study is used to formulate the design of the full-scale experiment which then can be adjusted.[1][2] The pilot study is potentially a critical insight to clinical trial design, recruitment and sample size of participants, treatment testing, and statistical analysis to improve the power of testing the hypothesis of the study.[2] Analysis from the pilot experiment can be added to the full-scale (and more expensive) experiment to improve the chances of a clear outcome.[1][2]
Applicationsedit
In sociology, pilot studies can be referred to as small-scale studies that will help identify design issues before the main research is done. Although pilot experiments have a well-established tradition, their usefulness as a strategy for change has been questioned, at least in the domain of environmental management.[3]Extrapolation from a pilot study to large scale strategy may not be assumed as possible, partly due to the exceptional resources and favorable conditions that accompany a pilot study.[1]
In clinical research, studies conducted in preparation for a future randomized controlled trial are known as "pilot" and "feasibility" studies, where pilot studies are a subset of feasibility studies.[1][4] A feasibility study asks whether the study should proceed, and if so, how. A pilot study asks the same questions, but also has a specific design feature: in a pilot study, a future study is conducted on a smaller scale,[1][5] which, if having produced positive results, may lead to a Phase I clinical trial.[6] The use of pilot and feasibility studies to estimate treatment effect is controversial, with ongoing methodologic discussion about appropriateness.[7]
A checklist was published in 2016 to provide guidance on how to report pilot trials.[8]
^ abcdefgThabane L, Ma J, Chu R, Cheng J, Ismaila A, Rios LP, et al. (January 2010). "A tutorial on pilot studies: the what, why and how". BMC Medical Research Methodology. 10 (1): 1. doi:10.1186/1471-2288-10-1. PMC2824145. PMID 20053272.
^ abcdLewis M, Bromley K, Sutton CJ, McCray G, Myers HL, Lancaster GA (February 2021). "Determining sample size for progression criteria for pragmatic pilot RCTs: the hypothesis test strikes back!". Pilot and Feasibility Studies. 7 (1): 40. doi:10.1186/s40814-021-00770-x. PMC7856754. PMID 33536076.
^Billé R, Duchemin B (February 2010). "Action without change? On the use and usefulness of pilot experiments in environmental management". SAPIEN. Surveys and Perspectives Integrating Environment and Society. 4 (1).
^Leon AC, Davis LL, Kraemer HC (May 2011). "The role and interpretation of pilot studies in clinical research". Journal of Psychiatric Research. 45 (5): 626–629. doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2010.10.008. PMC3081994. PMID 21035130.
^Eldridge SM, Lancaster GA, Campbell MJ, Thabane L, Hopewell S, Coleman CL, Bond CM (2016). "Defining Feasibility and Pilot Studies in Preparation for Randomised Controlled Trials: Development of a Conceptual Framework". PLOS ONE. 11 (3): e0150205. Bibcode:2016PLoSO..1150205E. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0150205. PMC4792418. PMID 26978655.
^"The drug development process: Step 3: Clinical research". US Food and Drug Administration. 4 January 2018. Retrieved 29 March 2021.
^Sim J (December 2019). "Should treatment effects be estimated in pilot and feasibility studies?". Pilot and Feasibility Studies. 5 (1): 107. doi:10.1186/s40814-019-0493-7. PMC6712606. PMID 31485336.
^Eldridge SM, Chan CL, Campbell MJ, Bond CM, Hopewell S, Thabane L, Lancaster GA, et al. (PAFS Consensus Group) (October 2016). "CONSORT 2010 statement: extension to randomised pilot and feasibility trials". BMJ. 355: i5239. doi:10.1136/bmj.i5239. PMC5076380. PMID 27777223.
January 19, 2024
pilot, experiment, pilot, experiment, pilot, study, pilot, test, pilot, project, small, scale, preliminary, study, conducted, evaluate, feasibility, duration, cost, adverse, events, improve, upon, study, design, prior, performance, full, scale, research, proje. A pilot experiment pilot study pilot test or pilot project is a small scale preliminary study conducted to evaluate feasibility duration cost adverse events and improve upon the study design prior to performance of a full scale research project 1 2 Contents 1 Implementation 2 Applications 3 See also 4 ReferencesImplementation editPilot experiments are frequently carried out before large scale quantitative research in an attempt to avoid time and money being used on an inadequately designed project A pilot study is usually carried out on members of the relevant population 1 A pilot study is used to formulate the design of the full scale experiment which then can be adjusted 1 2 The pilot study is potentially a critical insight to clinical trial design recruitment and sample size of participants treatment testing and statistical analysis to improve the power of testing the hypothesis of the study 2 Analysis from the pilot experiment can be added to the full scale and more expensive experiment to improve the chances of a clear outcome 1 2 Applications editIn sociology pilot studies can be referred to as small scale studies that will help identify design issues before the main research is done Although pilot experiments have a well established tradition their usefulness as a strategy for change has been questioned at least in the domain of environmental management 3 Extrapolation from a pilot study to large scale strategy may not be assumed as possible partly due to the exceptional resources and favorable conditions that accompany a pilot study 1 In clinical research studies conducted in preparation for a future randomized controlled trial are known as pilot and feasibility studies where pilot studies are a subset of feasibility studies 1 4 A feasibility study asks whether the study should proceed and if so how A pilot study asks the same questions but also has a specific design feature in a pilot study a future study is conducted on a smaller scale 1 5 which if having produced positive results may lead to a Phase I clinical trial 6 The use of pilot and feasibility studies to estimate treatment effect is controversial with ongoing methodologic discussion about appropriateness 7 A checklist was published in 2016 to provide guidance on how to report pilot trials 8 See also editDry run testing Mass production Mock up Pilot plant Proof of concept PrototypeReferences edit a b c d e f g Thabane L Ma J Chu R Cheng J Ismaila A Rios LP et al January 2010 A tutorial on pilot studies the what why and how BMC Medical Research Methodology 10 1 1 doi 10 1186 1471 2288 10 1 PMC 2824145 PMID 20053272 a b c d Lewis M Bromley K Sutton CJ McCray G Myers HL Lancaster GA February 2021 Determining sample size for progression criteria for pragmatic pilot RCTs the hypothesis test strikes back Pilot and Feasibility Studies 7 1 40 doi 10 1186 s40814 021 00770 x PMC 7856754 PMID 33536076 Bille R Duchemin B February 2010 Action without change On the use and usefulness of pilot experiments in environmental management SAPIEN Surveys and Perspectives Integrating Environment and Society 4 1 Leon AC Davis LL Kraemer HC May 2011 The role and interpretation of pilot studies in clinical research Journal of Psychiatric Research 45 5 626 629 doi 10 1016 j jpsychires 2010 10 008 PMC 3081994 PMID 21035130 Eldridge SM Lancaster GA Campbell MJ Thabane L Hopewell S Coleman CL Bond CM 2016 Defining Feasibility and Pilot Studies in Preparation for Randomised Controlled Trials Development of a Conceptual Framework PLOS ONE 11 3 e0150205 Bibcode 2016PLoSO 1150205E doi 10 1371 journal pone 0150205 PMC 4792418 PMID 26978655 The drug development process Step 3 Clinical research US Food and Drug Administration 4 January 2018 Retrieved 29 March 2021 Sim J December 2019 Should treatment effects be estimated in pilot and feasibility studies Pilot and Feasibility Studies 5 1 107 doi 10 1186 s40814 019 0493 7 PMC 6712606 PMID 31485336 Eldridge SM Chan CL Campbell MJ Bond CM Hopewell S Thabane L Lancaster GA et al PAFS Consensus Group October 2016 CONSORT 2010 statement extension to randomised pilot and feasibility trials BMJ 355 i5239 doi 10 1136 bmj i5239 PMC 5076380 PMID 27777223 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Pilot experiment amp oldid 1188167009, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
