List of female nominees for the Nobel Prize

The Nobel Prize (Swedish: Nobelpriset) is a set of five different prizes that, according to its benefactor Alfred Nobel, in his 1895 will, must be awarded "to those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind”. The five prizes are awarded in the fields of Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, Literature, and Peace.^[1]

Delegation from the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom leaving the White House after discussing peace issues with President Roosevelt.

Since 1901, the year wherein the awarding of the prizes began, a number of women have been considered and nominated carefully in each field. The first woman to win a Nobel Prize was Marie Curie, who won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1903 with her husband, Pierre Curie, and Henri Becquerel.^[2][3] Curie is also the only woman to have won multiple Nobel Prizes; in 1911, she won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry. Curie's daughter, Irène Joliot-Curie, won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1935, making the two the only mother-daughter pair to have won Nobel Prizes.^[2]

In 1922, Cécile Vogt-Mugnier became the first women nominated for prize in physiology or medicine but never won.^[4] She was followed by Maud Slye who was nominated in the year 1923, but again never won. Only in 1947, that the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was finally awarded to a woman, Gerty Cori, sharing with her husband Carl Ferdinand Cori.^[5]

The most number of female nominees was in the field of literature. The first woman to be nominated was the German memoirist Malwida von Meysenbug for the year 1901. She was nominated by the French historian Gabriel Monod but unfortunately she did not win the prize.^[6] Her nomination was followed by Émilie Lerou, Bertha von Suttner and Selma Lagerlöf for the year 1904. Lagerlöf would later on become the first woman to win the prize in the year 1909.^[7]

Physics

Starting from 1902 to 1970, 10 women have been nominated for the Nobel Prize in Physics and three of the nominees were subsequently awarded.

Picture	Name	Born	Died	Years Nominated	Notes
1902
	Marie Skłodowska Curie	7 November 1867 Warsaw, Poland	4 July 1934 Passy, Haute-Savoie, France	1902, 1903	Won the 1903 Nobel Prize in Physics with P.Curie and the 1911 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.^[8]
1935
	Irène Joliot-Curie	September 12, 1897 Paris, France	March 17, 1956 Paris, France	1934, 1935	Won the 1935 Nobel Prize in Chemistry with Fr.Joliot-Curie.^[9]
1937
	Lise Meitner	November 7, 1878 Vienna, Austria	October 27, 1968 Cambridge, England	1937, 1940, 1941, 1943, 1945, 1946, 1947, 1948, 1949, 1954, 1955, 1956, 1959, 1961, 1964, 1965	Nominated for the Nobel Prize in Chemistry too.^[10]
1950
	Marietta Blau	April 29, 1894 Vienna, Austria	January 27, 1970 Vienna, Austria	1950, 1956, 1957	Nominated for the Nobel Prize in Chemistry too.^[11]
	Hertha Wambacher	March 9, 1903 Vienna, Austria	March 25, 1950 Vienna, Austria	1950	Nominated jointly with M.Blau the only time by Erwin Schrödinger.^[12] Died before the only chance to be rewarded.
1955
	Maria Goeppert-Mayer	June 28, 1906 Katowice, Poland	February 2, 1972 San Diego, California, United States	1955, 1956, 1957, 1958, 1959, 1960, 1962, 1963	Won the 1963 Nobel Prize in Physics with J.H.D.Jensen.^[13]
1956
	Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin	May 12, 1910 Cairo, Egypt	July 29, 1994 Ilmington, England	1956, 1957, 1959, 1960, 1961	Won the 1964 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.^[14]
1958
	Chien-Shiung Wu	May 31, 1912 Liuhe, Taicang, China	February 16, 1997 New York City, New York, United States	1958, 1959, 1960, 1964, 1965	^[15]
1964
	Margaret Peachey Burbidge	August 12, 1919 Stockport, England	April 5, 2020 San Francisco, California, United States	1964	Nominated jointly with W. Alfred Fowler and Fr.Hoyle the only time by H.Cl.Urey.^[16]
1970
	Janine Connes	1934 France		1970	Nominated jointly with P.Connes and R.B.Leighton the only time by R.Wildt.^[17]

Chemistry

Starting 1911 to 1970, 15 women have been nominated for the Nobel Prize in Chemistry and 3 of these nominees were subsequently awarded.

Picture	Name	Born	Died	Years Nominated	Notes
1911
	Marie Skłodowska Curie	November 7, 1867 Warsaw, Poland	July 4, 1934 Sancellemoz, France	1911	Won the 1911 Nobel Prize in Chemistry and the 1903 Nobel Prize in Physics.^[8]
1924
	Lise Meitner	November 7, 1878 Vienna, Austria	October 27, 1968 Cambridge, England	1924, 1925, 1929, 1930, 1933, 1934, 1936, 1937, 1939, 1941, 1942, 1946, 1947, 1948	Nominated for Nobel Prize in Physics too.^[10]
1933
	Ida Tacke Noddack	February 25, 1896 Rhine Province, Germany	September 24, 1978 Bad Neuenahr-Ahrweiler, Germany	1933, 1935, 1937	Nominated jointly with W.Noddack only.^[18]
1935
	Irène Joliot-Curie	September 12, 1897 Paris, France	March 17, 1956 Paris, France	1935	Won the 1935 Nobel Prize in Chemistry jointly with Frédéric Joliot and nominated for Nobel Prize in Physics too.^[9]
1939
	Dorothy Maud Wrinch	September 12, 1894 Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina	February 11, 1976 Falmouth, Massachusetts, United States	1939	^[9]
1950
	Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin	May 12, 1910 Cairo, Egypt	July 29, 1994 Ilmington, England	1950, 1956, 1957, 1959, 1960, 1961, 1962, 1963, 1964	Won the 1964 Nobel Prize in Chemistry and nominated for Nobel Prize in Physics too.^[14]
	Thérèse Boyer Tréfouël	June 19, 1892 Paris, France	November 9, 1978 Paris, France	1950	Nominated the only time jointly with J.Tréfouël and Gl.Alb.H.Buttle.^[19]
1952
	Marguerite Perey	October 19, 1909 Villemomble, France	May 13, 1975 Louveciennes, France	1952, 1958, 1961, 1965, 1966	^[20]
1956
	Joan Folkes	1927 Staffordshire, England	?	1956	Nominated jointly with Ern.Gale the only time by J.H.Northrop.^[21]
1957
	Marietta Blau	April 29, 1894 Vienna, Austria	January 27, 1970 Vienna, Austria	1957	Nominated for Nobel Prize in Physics too.^[11]
1958
	Maria Goeppert-Mayer	June 28, 1906 Katowice, Poland	February 2, 1972 San Diego, California, United States	1958	Won the 1963 Nobel Prize in Physics.^[11]
1960
	Martha Cowles Chase	November 30, 1927 Cleveland Heights, Ohio, United States	August 8, 2003 Lorain, Ohio, United States	1960	Nominated jointly with A.Hershey, A.Gierer, H.Fraenkel-Conrat and G.Schramm the only time by J.H.Northrop.^[22]
1963
	Alberte Bucher-Pullman	August 26, 1920 Nantes, France	January 7, 2011 Paris, France	1963, 1965	Nominated jointly with Bernard Pullman only.^[23]
1967
	Mary Belle Allen	November 11, 1922 Morristown, New Jersey	1973 Fairbanks, Alaska	1967	Nominated jointly with D.I.Arnon and Frederick Whatley the only time by J.H.Northrop.^[24]
1968
	Erika Cremer	May 20, 1900 Munich, Germany	September 21, 1996 Innsbruck, Austria	1968	Nominated the only time by Fr.X.M.Th.Patat.^[25]

Physiology or Medicine

Starting from 1922 to 1953, 13 women have been nominated for the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine and one of the nominees was subsequently awarded.

Picture	Name	Born	Died	Years Nominated	Notes
1922
	Cécile Vogt-Mugnier	March 27, 1875 Annecy, France	May 4, 1962 Cambridge, England	1922, 1923, 1926, 1928, 1929, 1930, 1950, 1951, 1953	Nominated jointly with Oskar Vogt only.^[26]
1923
	Maud Caroline Slye	February 8, 1879 Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States	September 17, 1954 Chicago, Illinois, United States	1923	Nominated the only time by Albert Soiland (1873-1946) from the University of Southern California.^[27]
1925
	Gladys Rowena Henry Dick	December 18, 1881 Pawnee City, Nebraska, United States	August 21, 1963 Palo Alto, California, United States	1925, 1926, 1927, 1928, 1935	Nominated jointly with George Frederick Dick only.^[28]
1930
	Alice Bernheim	September 28, 1878 Cincinnati, Ohio, United States	July 14, 1968 Cincinnati, Ohio, United States	1930	Nominated the only time by William Cogswell Clarke (1872-1943) from the Columbia University. ^[29]
1939
	Marion Blankenhorn	November 13, 1885 Orrville, Ohio, United States	September 7, 1957 Wooster, Ohio, United States	1939	Nominated jointly with T.D.Spies and Clark Niel Cooper (1904-1973) from the University of Cincinnati only.^[30]
	May Tweedy Mellanby	September 9, 1882 London, England	March 5, 1978 London, England	1939	Nominated jointly with Edw.Mellanby only.^[31]
	Susan Smith	December 9, 1897 Greenville, South Carolina, United States	October 3, 1983 Durham, North Carolina, United States	1939	Nominated jointly with David Tillerson Smith (1898-1981) and Julian Ruffin (1900-1978) from the Durham University the only time by Osv.Polimanti.^[32]
1940
	Olive Watkins Smith	April 29, 1901 Worcester, Massachusetts, United States	1983 Brookline, Massachusetts, United States	1940	Nominated jointly with George Van Siclen Smith (1900-1984) the only time by Frank Arthur Pemberton from Harvard Medical School.^[33] No Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine has been awarded this year.
1946
	Gerty Theresa Radnitz-Cori	August 15, 1896 Prague, Czech Republic	October 25, 1957 Glendale, Missouri, United States	1946, 1947	Won the 1947 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Carl Ferdinand Cori and Bernardo Houssay.^[34]
1947
	Helen Brooke Taussig	May 24, 1898 Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States	May 20, 1986 Chester County, Pennsylvania, United States	1947, 1949, 1950, 1951, 1952, 1953	^[35]
1951
	Miriam Friedman Menkin	August 8, 1901 Riga, Latvia	June 8, 1992 Boston, Massachusetts, United States	1951	Nominated jointly with J.Rock and Roger Alfred Auguste Vendrely (1910-1998) from the University of Strasbourg the only time by Bożydar Szabuniewicz (1901-1986) from the Jagiellonian University.^[36]
	Madge Thurlow Macklin	February 6, 1893 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States	March 4, 1962 Columbus, Ohio, United States	1951	Nominated the only time by Charles Clifford Macklin (1883-1959) from the Western University.^[37]
1952
	Elizabeth Bugie Gregory	October 5, 1920 New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States	April 10, 2001 New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States	1952	Nominated jointly with S.Waksman and Alb.Schatz the only time by Jevrem Nedelkovitch (1888-1978) from the University of Belgrade.^[38]

Literature

From 1901 to 1972, 75 women have been nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature and 8 of these nominees were subsequently awarded.

Picture	Name	Born	Died	Years Nominated	Notes
1901
	Malwida von Meysenbug	October 28, 1816 Kassel, Germany	April 23, 1903 Rome, Italy	1901	Nominated jointly with L.A.Sabatier the only time by G.Monod.^[39]
1904
	Selma Lagerlöf	November 20, 1858 Värmland, Sweden	March 16, 1940 Värmland, Sweden	1904, 1905, 1906, 1907, 1908, 1909	Won the 1909 Nobel Prize in Literature.^[40]
	Émilie Lerou	1855 France	1935 France	1904	Nominated the only time by J.Ars.Arn.Claretie.^[41]
1905
	Eliza Orzeszkowa	June 6, 1841 Mil'kovshchina, Belarus	May 18, 1910 Grodno, Belarus	1905	^[42]
1908
	Elisabeth Förster-Nietzsche	July 10, 1846 Lützen, Germany	November 8, 1935 Weimar, Germany	1908, 1916, 1917, 1923	Nominated the only time by H.Vaihinger.^[43]
1910
	Molly Elliot Seawell	October 23, 1860 Gloucester, United States	November 15, 1916 Washington, D.C., United States	1910, 1911	Nominated by Charles William Kent (1860-1917) from the University of Virginia only.^[44]
	Marie von Ebner-Eschenbach	September 13, 1830 Troubky-Zdislavice, Czechia	March 12, 1916 Vienna, Austria	1910, 1911	Nominated by Em.Reich only.^[45]
1913
	Grazia Deledda Madesani	September 28, 1871 Nuoro, Italy	August 15, 1936 Rome, Italy	1913, 1914, 1915, 1917, 1918, 1920, 1921, 1922, 1923, 1924, 1925, 1927	Won the 1926 Nobel Prize in Literature.^[46]
1914
	Dora Melegari	June 27, 1849 Lausanne, Switzerland	July 31, 1924 Rome, Italy	1914, 1923	^[47]
1922
	Sigrid Undset Svarstad	May 20, 1882 Kalundborg, Denmark	June 10, 1949 Lillehammer, Norway	1922, 1925, 1926, 1928	Won the 1928 Nobel Prize in Literature.^[48]
	Matilde Serao Scarfoglio	March 7, 1856 Patras, Greece	July 25, 1927 Naples, Italy	1922, 1923, 1924, 1925	^[49]
1926
	Sofía Casanova Lutosławski	September 30, 1861 A Coruña, Spain	January 16, 1958 Poznań, Poland	1926	^[50]
	Ada Negri Garlanda	February 3, 1870 Lodi, Italy	January 11, 1945 Milan, Italy	1926, 1927	^[51]
	Concha Espina de la Serna	April 15, 1869 Santander, Spain	May 19, 1955 Madrid, Spain	1926, 1927, 1928, 1929, 1930, 1931, 1932, 1952, 1954	^[52]
1927
	Edith Jones Wharton	January 24, 1862 New York City, New York, United States	August 11, 1937 Saint-Brice-sous-Forêt, France	1927, 1928, 1930	^[53]
1928
	Anna Elisabeth de Noailles	November 15, 1876 Paris, France	April 30, 1933 Paris, France	1928	Nominated the only time by T.Hedberg.^[54]
	Edith Annie Howes	August 29, 1872 London, England	June 14, 1954 Dunedin, New Zealand	1928	Nominated the only time by Francis Prendeville Wilson (b. 1874) from the Victoria University of Wellington.^[55]
	Blanca de los Ríos de Lampérez	August 15, 1956 Seville, Spain	April 13, 1956 Madrid, Spain	1928	^[56]
	Ricarda Huch	July 18, 1864 Brunswick, Germany	November 17, 1947 Kronberg, Germany	1928, 1935, 1937, 1946	^[57]
1930
	Clotilde Crespo de Arvelo	September 19, 1887 Los Teques, Venezuela	(?) 1959 Caracas, Venezuela	1930	Nominated the only time by Manuel María Villalobos from the Academia Venezolana de la Lengua.^[58]
1931
	Laura Mestre Hevia	April 6, 1867 Havana, Cuba	January 11, 1944 Havana, Cuba	1931	Nominated the only time by Juan Miguel Dihigo Mestre (1866-1952) from the University of Havana.^[59]
	Ivana Brlić-Mažuranić	April 18, 1874 Ogulin, Croatia	September 21, 1928 Zagreb, Croatia	1931, 1935, 1937, 1938	^[60]
1934
	Maria Madalena de Martel Patrício	April 19, 1884 Lisbon, Portugal	November 3, 1947 Lisbon, Portugal	1934, 1935, 1937, 1938, 1939, 1940, 1941, 1942, 1943, 1944, 1945, 1946, 1947	^[61]
1935
	Violet Beauclerk Clifton	November 2, 1883 Rome, Italy	November 20, 1961 Lytham St Annes, England	1935	Nominated the only time by Nevill Coghill.^[62]
	Elise Richter	March 2, 1865 Vienna, Austria	June 23, 1943 Theresienstadt Ghetto, Czechia	1935	Richter was the only nominee for the Nobel Prize in Literature who was killed by the Nazi officials during World War II.^[63] No Nobel Prize in Literature was awarded this year.
1936
	Enrica von Handel-Mazzetti	January 10, 1871 Vienna, Austria	April 8, 1955 Linz, Austria	1936	^[64]
	Cécile Tormay	October 8, 1875 Budapest, Hungary	April 2, 1937 Gyöngyös, Hungary	1936, 1937	^[65]
1937
	Maria Jotuni Tarkiainen	April 9, 1880 Kuopio, Finland	September 30, 1943 Helsinki, Finland	1937	Nominated the only time by V.Tarkiainen.^[66]
	Sally Salminen Dürhkop	April 25, 1906 Vårdö, Åland	July 18, 1976 Copenhagen, Denamrk	1937, 1938, 1939	^[67]
	Maila Talvio Mikkola	October 17, 1871 Hartola, Finland	January 6, 1951 Helsinki, Finland	1937, 1939, 1947	^[68]
1938
	Pearl Sydenstricker Buck	June 26, 1892 Hillsboro, West Virginia, United States	March 6, 1973 Danby, Vermont, United States	1938	Won the 1938 Nobel Prize in Literature.^[69]
	Margaret Mitchell	November 8, 1900 Atlanta, Georgia, United States	August 16, 1949 Atlanta, Georgia, United States	1938	Nominated the only time by Sv.Hedin.^[70]
	Henriette Charasson	February 13, 1884 Le Havre, France	May 29, 1972 Toulouse, France	1938, 1939, 1940, 1941, 1943, 1944, 1947, 1949, 1954, 1957	^[71]
1939
	Ethel Florence Richardson	January 3, 1870 East Melbourne, Australia	March 20, 1946 Hastings, England	1939	Nominated the only time by St.B.Liljegren.^[72]
	Henriette Roland Holst-van der Schalk	December 24, 1869 Noordwijk, Netherlands	November 21, 1952 Amsterdam, Netherlands	1939, 1950, 1952	^[73]
	Maria Szumka Dąbrowska	October 6, 1889 Russów, Poland	May 19, 1965 Warsaw, Poland	1939, 1957, 1959, 1960, 1965	^[74]
1940
	Gabriela Mistral	April 7, 1889 Vicuña, Chile	January 10, 1957 Hempstead, New York, United States	1940, 1941, 1942, 1943, 1944, 1945	Won the 1945 Nobel Prize in Literature.^[75]
1941
	Ruth Comfort Mitchell Young	July 21, 1882 San Francisco, California, United States	February 18, 1954 Los Gatos, California, United States	1941	No Nobel Prize in Literature was awarded this year.^[76]
1943
	Elisaveta Bagryana	April 16, 1893 Sofia, Bulgaria	March 23, 1991 Sofia, Bulgaria	1943, 1944, 1945, 1969	^[77]
1945
	Marie Under Adson	March 27, 1883 Tallinn, Estonia	September 25, 1980 Stockholm, Sweden	1945, 1946, 1947, 1948, 1949, 1950, 1955, 1958, 1968, 1969, 1970, 1971, 1972	^[78]
1948
	Sidonie-Gabrielle Colette	January 28, 1873 Saint-Sauveur-en-Puisaye, France	August 3, 1954 Paris, France	1948	Nominated the only time by Cl.Farrère.^[79]
	Dorothy Canfield Fisher	February 17, 1879 Lawrence, Kansas, United States	November 9, 1958 Arlington, Vermont, United States	1948, 1949	Nominated by D.Baumgardt only.^[80]
1950
	Karen von Blixen-Finecke	April 17, 1885 Rungsted, Denmark	September 7, 1962 Rungsted, Denamrk	1950, 1955, 1956, 1957, 1958, 1959, 1960, 1961, 1962	^[81]
	Gertrud von Le Fort	October 11, 1876 Minden, Germany	November 1, 1971 Oberstdorf, Germany	1950, 1957, 1958, 1959, 1961, 1962, 1963	^[82]
1951
	María Enriqueta Camarillo de Monter	February 19, 1872 Coatepec, Mexico	February 13, 1968 Mexico City, Mexico	1951	Nominated the only time by Leavitt Olds Wright (b. 1891) from the University of Oregon.^[83]
	Katharine Susannah Prichard Throssell	December 4, 1883 Levuka, Fiji	October 2, 1969 Greenmount, Australia	1951	^[84]
1955
	Edith Louisa Sitwell	September 7, 1887 Scarborough, England	December 9, 1964 London, England	1955, 1958, 1959	^[85]
1956
	Melpo Axioti	July 15, 1905 Athens, Greece	May 22, 1973 Athens, Greece	1956	Nominated the only time by A.Bonnard.^[86]
	Marthe Lahovary Bibesco	January 28, 1886 Bucharest, Romania	November 28, 1973 Paris, France	1956	^[87]
	Elizabeth de Beauchamp Goudge	April 24, 1900 Wells, England	April 1, 1984 Oxfordshire, England	1956, 1959	Nominated by Edm.Privat only.^[88]
1958
	Elizabeth Bowen Cameron	June 7, 1899 Dublin, Ireland	February 22, 1973 London, England	1958	Nominated the only time by R.Jakobson.^[89]
1959
	Juana Fernández Morales de Ibarbourou	March 8, 1892 Melo, Uruguay	July 15, 1979 Montevideo, Uruguay	1959, 1960, 1963	^[90]
	María Raquel Adler	ca. 1900	July 28, 1974 Bernal, Argentina	1959, 1965	^[91]
	Anna Seghers	November 19, 1900 Mainz, Germany	June 1, 1983 East Berlin, Germany	1959, 1967, 1968, 1969, 1972	^[92]
1960
	Marie Noël	February 16, 1883 Auxerre, France	December 23, 1967 Auxerre, France	1960	Nominated the only time by Maurice Bemol (1900-1961) from the Saarland University.^[93]
1961
	Cora Sandel	December 20, 1880 Oslo, Norway	April 3, 1974 Uppsala, Sweden	1961	Nominated the only time by H.Ofstad.^[94]
	Giulia Scappino Mureno	1902	after 1967	1961, 1962	Nominated by the Alfr.Galletti only and for the Nobel Peace Prize too.^[95]
	Simone Lucie de Beauvoir	January 9, 1908 Paris, France	April 14, 1986 Paris, France	1961, 1969	^[96]
1963
	Nelly Sachs	December 10, 1891 Berlin, Germany	May 12, 1970 Stockholm, Sweden	1963, 1964, 1965, 1966	Won the 1966 Nobel Prize in Literature with Shm.Y.Agnon.^[97]
	Ingeborg Bachmann	June 25, 1926 Klagenfurt, Austria	October 17, 1973 Rome, Italy	1963	Nominated the only time by H.Patzer.^[98]
	Kate Roberts-Williams	February 13, 1891 Rhosgadfan, Wales	April 4, 1985 Denbigh, Wales	1963	Nominated the only time by Idr.Ll.Foster.^[99]
1964
	Ina Seidel	September 15, 1885 Halle (Saale), Germany	October 2, 1974 Schäftlarn, Germany	1964	Nominated the only time by G.Jachmann.^[100]
	Judith Wright McKinney	May 31, 1915 Armidale, Australia	June 25, 2000 Canberra, Australia	1964, 1965, 1967	^[101]
	Katherine Anne Porter	May 15, 1890 Indian Creek, Texas, United States	September 18, 1980 Silver Spring, Maryland, United States	1964, 1965, 1966, 1967, 1968	^[102]
1965
	Marguerite Yourcenar	June 8, 1903 Brussels, Belgium	December 17, 1987 Northeast Harbor, Maine, United States	1965	Nominated the only time by I.-M.Frandon.^[103]
	Anna Akhmatova	June 28, 1889 Odesa, Ukraine	March 5, 1966 Domodedovo, Russia	1965, 1966	^[104]
	Marie Luise Kaschnitz	January 31, 1901 Karlsruhe, Germany	October 10, 1974 Rome, Italy	1965, 1967	Nominated by the H.Tiemann only.^[105]
1967
	Lina Kostenko	March 19, 1930 Rzhyshchiv, Ukraine		1967	Nominated jointly with P.Tychyna and Iv.Drach the only time by Om.Pritsak.^[106]
1968
	Marianne Moore	November 15, 1887 Kirkwood, Missouri, United States	February 5, 1972 New York City, United States	1968	Nominated the only time by Er.Lindegren.^[107]
	Mildred Matthews Breedlove	May 27, 1904 Coal Hill, Arkansas, United States	August 14, 1994 Ferron, Utah, United States	1968	Nominated the only time.^[108]
1969
	Nathalie Sarraute	July 18, 1900 Ivanovo-Voznesensk, Russia	October 19, 1999 Paris, France	1969	Nominated the only time by L.Gyllensten.^[109]
1970
	Victoria Ocampo	April 7, 1890 Buenos Aires, Argentina	January 27, 1979 Béccar, Argentina	1970	Nominated the only time by M.Alfr.Olivera.^[110]
1972
	Nadine Gordimer	November 20, 1923 Springs, South Africa	July 13, 2014 Johannesburg, South Africa	1972	Won the 1991 Nobel Prize in Literature.
	Doris Lessing	October 22, 1919 Kermanshah, Iran	November 17, 2013 London, England	1972	Won the 2007 Nobel Prize in Literature.
	Astrid Lindgren	November 14, 1907 Vimmerby, Kalmar, Sweden	January 28, 2002 Stockholm, Sweden	1972

Peace

From 1901 to 1971, 48 women have been nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize and four of these nominees were subsequently awarded.

Picture	Name	Born	Died	Years Nominated	Notes
1901
	Bertha Sophie von Suttner^[a]	June 9, 1843 Prague, Czechia	June 21, 1914 Vienna, Austria	1901, 1902, 1903, 1904, 1905	Won the 1905 Nobel Peace Prize.^[111]
	Belva Ann Bennett Lockwood^[b]	October 24, 1830 Royalton, New York, United States	May 19, 1917 Washington, D.C., United States	1901, 1914	^[112]
1903
	Priscilla Hannah Peckover^[c]	October 27, 1833 Wisbech, England	September 8, 1931 Wisbech, England	1903, 1905, 1911, 1913	^[113]
1905
	Henriette Verdier Winteler de Weindeck^[d]	January 9, 1832 London, England	March 20, 1910 London, England	1905, 1907, 1910	^[114]
1910
	Angela de Oliveira Cézar de Costa^[e]	ca. 1860 Entre Ríos Province, Argentina	June 25, 1940 Buenos Aires, Argentina	1910, 1911	^[115]
1913
	Anna Bernhardine Eckstein	June 14, 1868 Coburg, Germany	October 16, 1947 Coburg, Germany	1913	Nominated the only time by N.A.Nilsson.^[116]
	Lucia True Ames Mead^[f]	May 5, 1856 Boscawen, New Hampshire, United States	November 1, 1936 Boston, Massachusetts, United States	1913	Nominated jointly with her husband Edwin Doak Mead (1849-1937) from the American Peace League the only time by S.Tr.Dutton.^[117]
1916
	Jane Addams^[g]	September 6, 1860 Cedarville, Illinois, United States	May 21, 1935 Chicago, Illinois, United States	1916, 1923, 1924, 1925, 1928, 1929, 1930, 1931	Won the 1931 Nobel Peace Prize.^[118]
1917
	Rosika Bédy-Schwimmer^[h]	September 11, 1877 Budapest, Hungary	August 3, 1948 New York City, New York, United States	1917, 1948	^[119]
1919
	Mary Shapard	? Texas, United States	? Texas, United States	1919	^[120]
1920
	Caroline Rémy de Guebhard	April 27, 1855 Paris, France	April 24, 1929 Pierrefonds, France	1920, 1922, 1924, 1927, 1929	Nominated by L.Le Foyer only.^[121]
1922
	Eglantyne Jebb	August 25, 1876 Ellesmere, England	December 17, 1928 Geneva, Switezrland	1922	^[122]
	Elsa Brändström Ulich^[i]	March 26, 1888 Saint Petersburg, Russia	March 4, 1948 Boston, Massachusetts, United States	1922, 1923, 1928, 1929	^[123]
1931
	Annie Wood Besant^[j]	October 1, 1847 Clapham, England	September 20, 1933 Adyar, Chennai, India	1931	Nominated the only time by P.Freeman.^[124]
	Ishbel Hamilton-Gordon, Marchioness of Aberdeen and Temair^[k]	March 15, 1857 London, England	April 18, 1939 Aberdeen, Scotland	1931, 1932, 1934, 1935, 1936, 1937	^[125]
1933
	Margit Antonia Bárczy^[l]	November 29, 1877 Budapest, Hungary	March 26, 1934 Paris, France	1933	Nominated the only time by Ch.Dupuis.^[126]
1935
	Janet Miller	?	?	1935	^[127]
	Julie Bikle	January 8, 1871 Lucerne, Switzerland	May 11, 1962 Winterthur, Switzerland	1935, 1936, 1937	Nominated by Otto Pfister (1875–1939) from the Swiss parliament only.^[128]
1936
	Moina Belle Michael^[m]	August 15, 1869 Good Hope, Georgia, United States	May 10, 1944 Athens, Georgia, United States	1936	^[129]
	Irma Schweitzer-Meyer^[n]	January 30, 1882 Baden, Switzerland	July 4, 1967 Zürich, Switzerland	1936, 1937	Nominated by N.A.Nilsson only.^[130]
1937
	Henrietta Szold^[o]	December 21, 1860 Baltimore, Maryland, United States	February 13, 1945 Jerusalem, Israel	1937	Nominated the only time by R.S.Copeland.^[131]
1938
	Princess Henriette of Belgium	November 30, 1870 Brussels, Belgium	March 28, 1948 Sierre, Switzerland	1938	^[132]
1939
	Carrie Chapman Catt^[p]	January 9, 1859 Ripon, Wisconsin, United States	March 9, 1947 New Rochelle, New York, United States	1939	^[133]
1946
	Emily Greene Balch^[q]	January 8, 1867 Boston, Massachusetts, United States	January 9, 1961 Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States	1946	Won the 1946 Nobel Peace Prize with John Mott.^[134]
	Alexandra Kollontai^[r]	March 31, 1872 Saint Petersburg, Russia	March 9, 1952 Moscow, Russia	1946, 1947	^[135]
1947
	Anna Eleanor Roosevelt^[s]	October 11, 1884 New York City, New York, United States	November 7, 1962 Manhattan, New York, United States	1947, 1949, 1955, 1959, 1962	^[136]
1948
	Katharine Bruce Glasier^[t]	September 25, 1867 Stoke Newington, London, England	June 14, 1950 Earby, England	1948	Nominated the only time by G.McAllister.^[137]
1949
	María Eva Duarte Perón^[u]	May 7, 1919 Los Toldos, Argentina	July 26, 1952 Buenos Aires, Argentina	1949	Nominated jointly with her husband J.Perón the only time by the member of the Argentine parliament Virgilio Filippo (1896-1969).^[138]
	Maria Tecla Montessori^[v]	August 31, 1870 Chiaravalle, Italy	May 6, 1952 Noordwijk, Netherlands	1949, 1950, 1951	^[139]
1951
	Queen Wilhelmina of the Netherlands^[w]	August 31, 1880 Noordeinde Palace, South Holland, Netherlands	November 28, 1962 Paleis Het Loo, Apeldoorn, Netherlands	1951	^[140]
1952
	Ada Barbara Waylen^[x]	1906	?	1952	Nominated the only time by N.Bentwich.^[141]
	Elisabeth Friederike Rotten^[y]	February 15, 1882 Berlin, Germany	May 2, 1964 London, England	1952, 1956, 1957, 1959, 1960, 1961	^[142]
1953
	Margaret Higgins Sanger^[z]	September 14, 1879 Corning, New York, United States	September 6, 1966 Tucson, Arizona, United States	1953, 1954, 1955, 1956, 1960, 1963	^[143]
1954
	Helen Adams Keller^[aa]	June 27, 1880 Tuscumbia, Alabama, United States	June 1, 1968 Easton, Connecticut, United States	1954, 1958	^[144]
1955
	Gertrud Baer^[ab]	November 25, 1890 Halberstadt, Germany	December 15, 1981 Geneva, Switzerland	1955, 1956, 1957, 1958, 1959	^[145]
1959
	Olave St. Clair Baden-Powell^[ac]	February 22, 1889 Chesterfield, England	June 25, 1977 Bramley, England	1959	^[146]
1961
	Marie-Elisabeth Lüders^[ad]	June 25, 1878 Berlin, Germany	March 23, 1966 Berlin, Germany	1961	Nominated the only time by Er.Mende.^[147]
	Lotta Hitschmanova^[ae]	November 28, 1909 Prague, Czech Republic	August 1, 1990 Ottawa, Canada	1961, 1962	Nominated by Arthur R. Smith only.^[148]
	Gertrud Kurz-Hohl^[af]	March 15, 1890 Lutzenberg, Switzerland	June 26, 1972 Lutzenberg, Switzerland	1961, 1962	^[149]
	Giulia Scappino Mureno^[ag]	?	?	1961, 1962	Nominated by the member of the Italian Parliament Udo Redano only and for the Nobel Prize in Literature too.^[95]
1962
	Maude Miner Hadden^[ah]	1880 Massachusetts, United States	1967 Massachusetts, United States	1962	Nominated the only time by Åke Sandler (1913-2008) from the Los Angeles State College.^[150]
1963
	Catherine Devilliers (LEBLANC, Marie - Catherine)^[ai]	December 30, 1923 Montpellier, France		1963	^[151]
	Stella Monk^[aj]	? United Kingdom	? United Kingdom	1963	Nominated the only time by Sierra Leone Minister of Finance Mohammed Sanusi Mustapha (1903-1993).^[152]
1967
	Margaret Susan Cheshire^[ak]	July 3, 1924 Leeds, England	November 2, 2000 Bury St Edmunds, England	1967, 1968	^[153]
1969
	Kaoru Hatoyama^[al]	21 November 1888 Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan	15 August 1982 Tokyo, Japan	1969	^[154]
1970
	Alva Reimer-Myrdal^[am]	31 January 1902 Uppsala, Sweden	1 February 1986 Stockholm, Sweden	1970	Won the 1982 Nobel Peace Prize with Alfonso García Robles.^[155]
	Britta Holmström^[an]	8 April 1911 Jönköping, Sweden	4 October 1992 Lund, Sweden	1970	^[156]
1971
	Louise Weiss	25 January 1893 Arras, Pas-de-Calais, France	26 May 1983 Paris, France	1971	^[157]

Motivations

1. "Suttner was the author of the novel Die Waffen nieder! ("Lay Down Your Arms!"), the most important antiwar novel of the period. She was the founder and president of the Austrian Peace Society (1891), and she contributed to the foundation of the Permanent International Peace Bureau (1891). Suttner was nominated for her contribution to the international peace movement."
2. "Lockwood attended several international peace conferences. She supported Bajer in his work to found the Permanent International Peace Bureau, and she founded a branch of the Bureau in Washington. She was for a long time associated with the Universal Peace Union in Philadelphia and an ardent promoter of arbitration."
3. "Peckover founded the Wisbech Local Peace Association. She was editor and publisher of the journal Peace and Goodwill and supported peace work in and outside of Great Britain, especially in the Nordic countries."
4. "Author of the book De la paix, du desarmement, et de la solution du probleme social."
5. "Nominated for her efforts to end the conflict between Argentina and Chile."
6. "Lucia Mead rendered Edwin Mead great assistance in his peace work both through speeches and writings, and she attended most of the conferences and congresses her husband participated in. She was also a peace worker in her own right. President of the peace and arbitration department of the National Women Suffrage Association, vice-president of the American Peace Society and member of the Council of the World Peace Foundation."
7. "Addams was the co-founder and president of the Women's Peace Party (1915). In 1915 she attended the Women's Peace Conference at The Hague, and she was elected president of the International Committee of Women for Permanent Peace. After the conference Addams and several of the delegates went on a peace mission to the European political leaders and to the American president. Addams was elected president of the newly formed Women's International League for Peace and Freedom (WILPF) at the second Women's Peace Conference in 1919. She presided over the 4th regular peace conference held by the WILPF in Washington in 1924. It adopted a manifesto stating that civilization can only be rebuilt on international justice, renouncing the Treaty of Versailles. It furthermore demanded democratic control over foreign policy, social peace and a stronger international organization."
8. "Schwimmer initiated the Ford Neutral Conference in 1915, and she was one of the founding members of Women's International League for Peace and Freedom (1919). She started peace missions to both neutral and belligerent countries (adopted by the peace conference). She committed the last part of her life to the movement to create a federal world government."
9. "Brändström worked as delegate, advisor and co-organizer for the Swedish Red Cross. She traveled extensively throughout Russia and contributed greatly to the relief work for prisoners of war in Russia and Siberia (1914-1920). She visited prison camps, escorted prisoners home, and she organized the repatriation of German and Austrian prisoners after the war."
10. "Besant was actively involved in educational and humanitarian work in India. She established the Indian Home Rule League in 1916, and she was elected leader of the Indian nationalist congress in 1917. The nominator stressed her efforts to solve the Indian "problem", and thereby secure world peace by uniting East and West. Besant was the international president of the Theosophical Society (1907-1933)."
11. "Lady Aberdeen advocated peace and understanding through her work as president of the International Council of Women."
12. "Princess Djabadary had written the libretto to an opera that carried a peaceful message. The opera was composed by her husband."
13. "Michael had initiated the use of a poppy as a symbol of remembrance and hope in the aftermath of World War I. It was adopted as the National Emblem in commemoration of American soldiers who perished in France, and in 1920 the American Legion adopted the poppy as the National American Legion Memorial Flower."
14. "Irma Schweitzer was the author of the book Sur le chemin de la Paix, which the nominator considered to be eminently suitable for teaching."
15. "Szold had established a home in Palestine for Jewish people, and after 1933 she helped numerous German Jews to a new life in Palestine."
16. "Catt was president of the International Female Suffrage Alliance. She initiated the Women's Peace Party in Washington in 1915, and she was one of the delegates to the International Women's Peace Congress at The Hague in 1915. Catt was chairman of the Committee on the Cause and Cure of War 1925-1932. She worked to create greater understanding between persons from different countries."
17. "Balch had actively worked for peace since 1915, and she had been one of the leaders of the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom since 1919. She promoted disarmament, and she opposed US isolationism and neutrality, claiming that neutrality was selfish. Balch strongly advocated the need to resist fascism and aggression through non-violent methods and international co-operation. She also established summer schools to promote peace. During the 1930s she aided Jewish refugees fleeing persecution in Nazi Germany. Initially she opposed WWII because she opposed all war in general, but she supported US entry into the war in 1941. Balch saw Nazism as the personification of evil and a threat to humanity that had to be stopped."
18. "Kollontai was nominated for her diplomatic efforts to end war and hostilities between the Soviet Union and Finland during the negotiations in 1940-44, and for her work for the benefit of the Nordic countries."
19. "Roosevelt was nominated for her work to further understanding between people of different races and between people from different nations, especially while serving as Chairman of the UN Commission on Human Rights."
20. "Glasier was nominated for her humanitarian work in England and elsewhere."
21. "Evita Perón was nominated for her humanitarian efforts in Argentina particularly on promoting labor rights, championing women's suffrage, eliminating poverty and establishing charities to the working-class Argentines."
22. "Montessori furthered international understanding through her educational work."
23. "Queen Wilhelmina was nominated for her involvement in the summoning of the two peace conferences at The Hague in 1897 and 1907. She was also nominated for her philanthropic effort during World War I, her strong opposition to Nazism and her contribution to the liberation of colonial areas."
24. "Nominated for her book Creators of the modern Spirit."
25. "For her work for reconciliation and work in Pestalozzi Children Village in Switzerland."
26. "Margaret Sanger was nominated for her outstanding ability to see the serious consequences of uncontrolled increase of population."
27. "Nominated for the international importance of her work for deaf and blind people, and for showing the stimulating effect of The International Brotherhood Idea."
28. "Gertrude Baer was nominated for her able and devoted service to the Women´s International League for Peace and Freedom."
29. "Lady Baden-Powell was nominated for her international contribution as a founder of the Scout movement for girls."
30. "Marie Elisabeth Lüders was nominated for her work with understanding between peoples."
31. "Lotta Hitchmanova was nominated for her opposition to the Nazi regime during the second world war, her work with refugees, and organizing the small beginnings of the Unitarian Service Committee."
32. "Gertrud Kurz-Hohl was nominated for her consistent work for refugees, and initiating the Austrian Peace Service, one of three branches within the organization Austrian Service Abroad. She has tirelessly worked for peace through reconciliation and understanding between the people of the World."
33. "Giulia Scappino Murena was nominated in the hope that her voice, singing about human brotherhood, will become a sign of harmony for the divided humanity."
34. "Mrs. Alexander Hadden was nominated for her co-founding of the Institute of World Affairs."
35. "Catherine Devilliers was nominated for her book Lieutanant Katia describing events under the Second World War."
36. "Stella Monk was nominated because of her achievements as director of the Commonwealth Friendship Movement. Her dedication to creating friendship, mutual understanding, and respect among people in the Commonwealth has contributed to unity and friendly co-operation between the nations of the World."
37. "Susan Ryder was nominated for her personal dedication and inspiring example and leadership to encourage the forces of mercy and compassion against those of brutality and aggression, leading to war."
38. "Kaoru Hatoyama was nominated for her contribution to the reopening of diplomatic relations between Japan and the U.S.S.R., and Japan's entry into the United Nations, for her contribution to the Yuai (fraternity) movement and for her achievements as an educator."
39. "Alva Myrdal was nominated for her many services to the international community and their promotion of international understanding."
40. "Britta Holmström was nominated for her pioneering work with refugees, initiating Praghjälpen (Prague Aid) and contributing greatly to the possibility of world peace."

See also

• List of Nobel laureates
• List of female Nobel laureates
• List of women writers
• List of women's rights activists
• List of female scientists in the 20th century
• List of female nominators for the Nobel Prize

References

1. "The Nobel Prize". www.nobelprize.org. Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
2. "Nobel Laureates Facts - Women". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
3. "Nobel Prize in Physics 1903". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
4. "Nomination Archive - Nominated Women". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 3 December 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
5. "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1947". Nobel Foundation. from the original on 27 November 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
6. Asaid, Alan (26 September 2009). "This is how the Academy misjudged the women". Svenska Dagbladet. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
7. "Nobel Prize in Literature 1909". Nobel Foundation. from the original on 2008-10-17. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
8. "Nomination Archive – Marie Curie". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
9. "Nomination Archive – Irène Joliot-Curie". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
10. "Nomination Archive – Lise Meitner". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
11. "Nomination Archive – Marietta Blau". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
12. "Nomination Archive – Hertha Wambacher". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
13. "Nomination Archive - Maria Goeppert-Mayer". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
14. "Nomination Archive – Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
15. "Nomination Archive – Chien-Shiung Wu". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
16. "Nomination Archive – Margaret Burbridge". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
17. "Nomination Archive - Janine Connes". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
18. "Nomination Archive – Ida Noddack". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
19. "Nomination Archive – Thérèse Tréfouël". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
20. "Nomination Archive – Marguerite Perey". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
21. "Nomination Archive – Joan Folkes". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
22. "Nomination Archive – Martha Chase". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
23. "Nomination Archive – Alberte Pullman". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
24. "Nomination Archive – M B Allen". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
25. "Nomination Archive – Erika Cremer". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
26. "Nomination Archive – Cécile Vogt". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
27. "Nomination Archive – Maud Slye". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
28. "Nomination Archive – Gladys Dick". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
29. "Nomination Archive – Alice Bernheim". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
30. "Nomination Archive – Marion Blankenhorn". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
31. "Nomination Archive – Lady May Mellanby". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
32. "Nomination Archive – Susan Smith". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
33. "Nomination Archive – Olive Watkins Smith". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
34. "Nomination Archive – Gerty Cori". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
35. "Nomination Archive – Helen Taussig". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
36. "Nomination Archive – Miriam Menkin". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
37. "Nomination Archive – Madge Macklin". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
38. "Nomination Archive – Elizabeth Bugie". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
39. "Nomination Archive – Malwida von Meysenburg". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
40. "Nomination Archive – Selma Lagerlöf". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
41. "Nomination Archive – Émilie Lerou". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
42. "Nomination Archive – Eliza Orzeszkowa". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
43. "Nomination Archive – Elisabeth Förster-Nietzsche". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
44. "Nomination Archive – Molly Seawell". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
45. "Nomination Archive – Marie von Ebner-Eschenbach". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
46. "Nomination Archive – Grazia Deledda Madesani". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
47. "Nomination Archive – Dora Melegari". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
48. "Nomination Archive – Singrid Undset". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
49. "Nomination Archive – Matilde Serao". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
50. "Nomination Archive – Sofia Casanova". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
51. "Nomination Archive – Ada Negri". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
52. "Nomination Archive – Concha Espina de la Serna". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
53. "Nomination Archive – Edith Wharton". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
54. "Nomination Archive – Anna Elisabeth Mathieu de Noailles". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
55. "Nomination Archive – Edith Howes". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
56. "Nomination Archive – Blanca de los Ríos de Lampérez". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
57. "Nomination Archive – Ricarda Huch". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
58. "Nomination Archive – Clotilde de Arvelo". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
59. "Nomination Archive – Laura Mestre". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
60. "Nomination Archive – Ivana Brlic-Mazuranic". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
61. "Nomination Archive – Maria Madalena de Martel Patrício". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
62. "Nomination Archive – Violet Clifton". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
63. "Nomination Archive - Elise Richter". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
64. "Nomination Archive – Enrica von Handel-Mazzetti". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
65. "Nomination Archive – Cecile Tormay". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
66. "Nomination Archive – Maria Jotuni". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
67. "Nomination Archive – Sally Salminen". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
68. "Nomination Archive – Maila Talvio". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
69. "Nomination Archive – Pearl Buck". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
70. "Nomination Archive – Margaret Mitchell". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
71. "Nomination Archive – Henriette Charasson". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
72. "Nomination Archive – Henry Handel Richardson". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
73. "Nomination Archive – Henriette Roland Holst van der Schalk". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
74. "Nomination Archive – Maria Dabrowksa". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
75. "Nomination Archive – Gabriela Mistral". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
76. "Nomination Archive – Ruth Young". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
77. "Nomination Archive – Elisabet Bagriana". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
78. "Nomination Archive – Marie Under". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
79. "Nomination Archive – Sidonie-Gabrielle Colette". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
80. "Nomination Archive – Dorothy Fisher". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
81. "Nomination Archive – Karen Blixen". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
82. "Nomination Archive – Gertrud von Le Fort". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020."Nomination Archive – Gertrud von Le Fort". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
83. "Nomination Archive – Maria Enriqueta Camarillo y Roa". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
84. "Nomination Archive – Katharine Susannah Prichard". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
85. "Nomination Archive – Edith Sitwell". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
86. "Nomination Archive – Melpo Axioti". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
87. "Nomination Archive – Marthe Bibesco". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
88. "Nomination Archive – Elisabeth Goudge". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
89. "Nomination Archive – Elizabeth Bowen". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
90. "Nomination Archive – Juana de Ibarbourou". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
91. "Nomination Archive – Juana de Ibarbourou". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
92. "Nomination Archive - Anna Seghers". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 13 December 2020.
93. "Nomination Archive – Juana de Ibarbourou". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
94. "Nomination Archive – Cora Sandel". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
95. "Nomination Archive – Giulia Scappino Mureno". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
96. "Nomination Archive – Simone de Beauvoir". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
97. "Nomination Archive – Nelly Sachs". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
98. "Nomination Archive – Ingeborg Bachmann". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
99. "Nomination Archive – Kate Roberts". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
100. "Nomination Archive – Ina Seidel". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
101. "Nomination Archive – Judith Wright". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
102. "Nomination Archive – Katherine Anne Porter". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
103. "Nomination Archive – Marguerite Yourcenar". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
104. "Nomination Archive – Anna Akhmatova". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
105. "Nomination Archive – Marie Luise Kaschnitz". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
106. "Nomination Archive - Lina Kostenko". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
107. "Nomination Archive - Marianne Craig Moore". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
108. "Nomination Archive - Mildred Breedlove". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
109. "Nomination Archive - Nathalie Sarraute". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
110. "Nomination Archive - Victoria Ocampo". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
111. "Nomination Archive – Baroness Bertha Sophie von Suttner". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
112. "Nomination Archive – Belva Ann Lockwood". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
113. "Nomination Archive – Priscilla Hannah Peckover". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
114. "Nomination Archive – Henriette Verdier Winteler de Weindeck". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
115. "Nomination Archive – Angela de Oliveira Cezar de Costa". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
116. "Nomination Archive – Anna Eckstein". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
117. "Nomination Archive – Lucia True Ames Mead". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
118. "Nomination Archive – Jane Addams". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
119. "Nomination Archive – Rosika Schwimmer". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
120. "Nomination Archive – Mary Shapard". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
121. "Nomination Archive – Madame Séverine". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
122. "Nomination Archive – Eglantyne Jebb". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
123. "Nomination Archive – Elsa Brändström". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
124. "Nomination Archive – Annie Besant". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
125. "Nomination Archive – Ishbel Hamilton-Gordon". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
126. "Nomination Archive – Marguerite-Antoinette Djabadary". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
127. "Nomination Archive – Janet Miller". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
128. "Nomination Archive – Julie Bikle". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
129. "Nomination Archive – Moina Michael". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
130. "Nomination Archive – Irma Schweitzer". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
131. "Nomination Archive – Henrieta Szold". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
132. "Nomination Archive – Princess Henriette". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
133. "Nomination Archive – Carrie Chapman Catt". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
134. "Nomination Archive – Emily Greene Blach". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
135. "Nomination Archive – Alexandra Mikhaylovna Kollontay". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
136. "Nomination Archive – Eleanor Roosevelt". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
137. "Nomination Archive – Katharine Bruce Glasier". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
138. "Nomination Archive – María Eva Duarte Perón". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
139. "Nomination Archive – Maria Montessori". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
140. "Nomination Archive – Princess Wilhelmina of the Netherlands". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
141. "Nomination Archive – Barbara Waylen". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
142. "Nomination Archive – Elisabeth Rotten". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
143. "Nomination Archive – Margaret Sanger". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
144. "Nomination Archive – Helen Keller". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
145. "Nomination Archive – Gertrud Baer". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
146. "Nomination Archive – Olave Baden-Powell". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
147. "Nomination Archive – Marie Elisabeth Lüders". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
148. "Nomination Archive – Lotta Hitchmanova". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
149. "Nomination Archive – Getrud Kurz-Hohl". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
150. "Nomination Archive – Mrs. Alexander Hadden". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 22 July 2021.
151. "Nomination Archive – Catherine Devilliers". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
152. "Nomination Archive – Stella Monk". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
153. "Nomination Archive – Sue Ryder Cheshire". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
154. "Nomination Archive – Kaoru Hatoyama". NobelPrize.org. October 2022. Retrieved 10 October 2022.
155. "Nomination Archive – Alva Myrdal". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 10 October 2022.
156. "Nomination Archive – Britta Holmström". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 10 October 2022.
157. "Nomination Archive – Louise Weiss". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 10 October 2022.

External links

• Alan Asaid (26 September 2009). "Så ratade Akademien kvinnorna" [How the Academy Rejected the Women]. SvD (in Swedish).