Bernardo Alberto Houssay was born April 10, 1887, in Buenos Aires. His parents Albert and Clara Houssay were immigrants from France. A precocious youngster, he was admitted to the Pharmacy School at the University of Buenos Aires at 14 years of age and subsequently to the Faculty of Medicine of the same university at 17 years old and was there from 1904 to 1910. While a third-year medical student, Houssay took up a post as a research and teaching assistant in the Chair of Physiology.
Career
After graduating, he quickly developed and presented his M.D. thesis on the physiological activities of pituitary extracts, published in 1911. This was a theme he would pursue for the rest of his scientific career. Since 1908 he was an assistant lecturer in the same department, and immediately after his doctorate he took up the post of Professor of Physiology in the University's School of Veterinary Medicine. Simultaneously, he started a private practice as an assistant physician at the municipal hospital of Buenos Aires. In 1913, he became Chief Physician at the Alvear Hospital, and in 1915, became Chief of the Section of Experimental Pathology at the National Public Health Laboratories in Buenos Aires.
In 1919, Houssay was appointed to the chair of physiology at the University of Buenos Aires Medicine School, serving there until 1943. He transformed and directed the department into a highly respected research department in experimental physiology and medicine of international class. In that year, however, the military dictatorship deprived him of his university posts, due to his liberal political ideas and Houssay was forced to re-establish his research lines and staff at a privately funded Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. This situation, reinforced by a second dismissal by the Peronist government in 1945, was prolonged until 1955 when Peron was ousted from power and Houssay was reinstated in the University of Buenos Aires, where he remained until he died. After this, he was also director of the National Scientific and Technical Research Council, from 1957 onwards.
Houssay worked in many fields of physiology, but his main contribution was experimental investigation of the role of the anterior hypophysis gland in the metabolism of carbohydrates, particularly in diabetes mellitus. Houssay demonstrated in the 1930s the diabetogenic effect of anterior hypophysis extracts and the decrease in diabetes severity with anterior hypophysectomy. These discoveries stimulated the study of hormonal feedback control mechanisms which are central to all aspects of modern endocrinology. This work was recognized by the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1947.
Houssay's many disciples along his years of activity became also influential themselves as they spread around the world; such as Eduardo Braun-Menéndez, and Miguel Rolando Covian, who went to become the "father" of Brazilian neurophysiology, as chairman of the Department of Physiology of the Medical Faculty of Ribeirão Preto of the University of São Paulo. Houssay wrote with them the most influential textbook of Human Physiology in Latin America, in Spanish and Portuguese, which, since 1950 has been published in successive editions and used in almost all medical schools of the continent. Houssay published more than 600 scientific papers and several specialized books. Besides the Nobel, Houssay won many distinctions and awards from the Universities of Harvard, Cambridge, Oxford, Paris, and 15 other universities, as well as the Dale Medal of the Society for Endocrinology in 1960.
Houssay was also very active as a scientific leader and promoter of the advancement of scientific research and medical education, in Argentina as well as in Latin America. Houssay was elected a Foreign Member of the Royal Society (ForMemRS) in 1943.[1]
^"Bernardo Houssay - Biography, Facts and Pictures".
^"The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1947".
^"The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1947 Carl Cori, Gerty Cori, Bernardo Houssay". Nobelprize.org. Retrieved 8 July 2010.
^Sawyer, C. H. (1991). "Remembrances of Contributions of Philip Smith and Bernardo Houssay to the Development of Neuroendocrinology". Endocrinology. 129 (2): 577–578. doi:10.1210/endo-129-2-577. PMID 1855459.
^Sulek, K. (1968). "Nobel prize for Carl Ferdinand Cori and Gerta Theresa Cori in 1947 for discovery of the course of catalytic metabolism of glycogen. Prize for Alberto Bernardo Houssay for discovery on the role of the hypophysis in carbohydrate metabolism". Wiadomosci Lekarskie. 21 (17): 1609–1610. PMID 4882480.
^"Embarcaciones de la Prefectura Naval MOV-01 GC "Dr Bernardo Houssay"". Historia y Arqueología Marítima. Retrieved 19 February 2022.
Further reading
Functions of the Pituitary Gland. Boston, 1936.
The Hypophysis and Secretion of Insulin. Journal of Experimental Medicine, New York, 1942, 75: 547–566. Houssay, B. A.; Foglia, V. G.; Smyth, F. S.; Rietti, C. T.; Houssay, A. B. (1942). "The Hypophysis and Secretion of Insulin". The Journal of Experimental Medicine. 75 (5): 547–66. doi:10.1084/jem.75.5.547. PMC2135268. PMID 19871205.
Escritos y Discursos. Buenos Aires, 1942.
The Role of the Hypophysis in Carbohydrate Metabolism and in Diabetes. Nobel Prize lecture, 1947.
Bernardo Houssay on Nobelprize.org including the Nobel Lecture, December 12, 1947 The Role of the Hypophysis in Carbohydrate Metabolism and in Diabetes
March 24, 2023
bernardo, houssay, this, article, multiple, issues, please, help, improve, discuss, these, issues, talk, page, learn, when, remove, these, template, messages, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, addi. This article has multiple issues Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page Learn how and when to remove these template messages This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Bernardo Houssay news newspapers books scholar JSTOR May 2019 Learn how and when to remove this template message This article s tone or style may not reflect the encyclopedic tone used on Wikipedia See Wikipedia s guide to writing better articles for suggestions February 2018 Learn how and when to remove this template message Learn how and when to remove this template message Bernardo Alberto Houssay April 10 1887 September 21 1971 was an Argentine physiologist Houssay was a co recipient of the 1947 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine for discovering the role played by pituitary hormones in regulating the amount of glucose in animals sharing the prize with Carl Ferdinand Cori and Gerty Cori He is the first Latin American Nobel laureate in the sciences 1 4 5 6 Bernardo HoussayBornBernardo Alberto Houssay 1887 04 10 April 10 1887Buenos Aires ArgentinaDiedSeptember 21 1971 1971 09 21 aged 84 1 Buenos Aires ArgentinaKnown forGlucose 1 SpouseMaria Angelica Catan 2 3 AwardsNobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine 1947 James Cook Medal 1948 Scientific careerFieldsPhysiology endocrinology Wikimedia Commons has media related to Geobiography of Bernardo Houssay Contents 1 Biography 1 1 Early life 1 2 Career 1 3 Legacy 2 References 3 Further reading 4 External linksBiography EditEarly life Edit Bernardo Alberto Houssay was born April 10 1887 in Buenos Aires His parents Albert and Clara Houssay were immigrants from France A precocious youngster he was admitted to the Pharmacy School at the University of Buenos Aires at 14 years of age and subsequently to the Faculty of Medicine of the same university at 17 years old and was there from 1904 to 1910 While a third year medical student Houssay took up a post as a research and teaching assistant in the Chair of Physiology Career Edit After graduating he quickly developed and presented his M D thesis on the physiological activities of pituitary extracts published in 1911 This was a theme he would pursue for the rest of his scientific career Since 1908 he was an assistant lecturer in the same department and immediately after his doctorate he took up the post of Professor of Physiology in the University s School of Veterinary Medicine Simultaneously he started a private practice as an assistant physician at the municipal hospital of Buenos Aires In 1913 he became Chief Physician at the Alvear Hospital and in 1915 became Chief of the Section of Experimental Pathology at the National Public Health Laboratories in Buenos Aires In 1919 Houssay was appointed to the chair of physiology at the University of Buenos Aires Medicine School serving there until 1943 He transformed and directed the department into a highly respected research department in experimental physiology and medicine of international class In that year however the military dictatorship deprived him of his university posts due to his liberal political ideas and Houssay was forced to re establish his research lines and staff at a privately funded Instituto de Biologia y Medicina Experimental This situation reinforced by a second dismissal by the Peronist government in 1945 was prolonged until 1955 when Peron was ousted from power and Houssay was reinstated in the University of Buenos Aires where he remained until he died After this he was also director of the National Scientific and Technical Research Council from 1957 onwards Houssay worked in many fields of physiology but his main contribution was experimental investigation of the role of the anterior hypophysis gland in the metabolism of carbohydrates particularly in diabetes mellitus Houssay demonstrated in the 1930s the diabetogenic effect of anterior hypophysis extracts and the decrease in diabetes severity with anterior hypophysectomy These discoveries stimulated the study of hormonal feedback control mechanisms which are central to all aspects of modern endocrinology This work was recognized by the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1947 Houssay s many disciples along his years of activity became also influential themselves as they spread around the world such as Eduardo Braun Menendez and Miguel Rolando Covian who went to become the father of Brazilian neurophysiology as chairman of the Department of Physiology of the Medical Faculty of Ribeirao Preto of the University of Sao Paulo Houssay wrote with them the most influential textbook of Human Physiology in Latin America in Spanish and Portuguese which since 1950 has been published in successive editions and used in almost all medical schools of the continent Houssay published more than 600 scientific papers and several specialized books Besides the Nobel Houssay won many distinctions and awards from the Universities of Harvard Cambridge Oxford Paris and 15 other universities as well as the Dale Medal of the Society for Endocrinology in 1960 Houssay was also very active as a scientific leader and promoter of the advancement of scientific research and medical education in Argentina as well as in Latin America Houssay was elected a Foreign Member of the Royal Society ForMemRS in 1943 1 Legacy Edit In 1996 the Prefectura Naval Argentina acquired a ketch rigged research vessel from CONICET renaming her the Dr Bernardo Houssay MOV1 7 References Edit a b c d Young F Foglia V G 1974 Bernardo Alberto Houssay 1887 1971 Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society 20 246 270 doi 10 1098 rsbm 1974 0011 PMID 11615758 Bernardo Houssay Biography Facts and Pictures The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1947 The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1947 Carl Cori Gerty Cori Bernardo Houssay Nobelprize org Retrieved 8 July 2010 Sawyer C H 1991 Remembrances of Contributions of Philip Smith and Bernardo Houssay to the Development of Neuroendocrinology Endocrinology 129 2 577 578 doi 10 1210 endo 129 2 577 PMID 1855459 Sulek K 1968 Nobel prize for Carl Ferdinand Cori and Gerta Theresa Cori in 1947 for discovery of the course of catalytic metabolism of glycogen Prize for Alberto Bernardo Houssay for discovery on the role of the hypophysis in carbohydrate metabolism Wiadomosci Lekarskie 21 17 1609 1610 PMID 4882480 Embarcaciones de la Prefectura Naval MOV 01 GC Dr Bernardo Houssay Historia y Arqueologia Maritima Retrieved 19 February 2022 Further reading EditFunctions of the Pituitary Gland Boston 1936 The Hypophysis and Secretion of Insulin Journal of Experimental Medicine New York 1942 75 547 566 Houssay B A Foglia V G Smyth F S Rietti C T Houssay A B 1942 The Hypophysis and Secretion of Insulin The Journal of Experimental Medicine 75 5 547 66 doi 10 1084 jem 75 5 547 PMC 2135268 PMID 19871205 Escritos y Discursos Buenos Aires 1942 The Role of the Hypophysis in Carbohydrate Metabolism and in Diabetes Nobel Prize lecture 1947 Fisiologia Humana Buenos Aires 1950 Official site of his life and works In Castilian Bernardo Alberto Houssay WhoNamedIt Bernardo Alberto Houssay Biography Nobel Foundation External links EditNewspaper clippings about Bernardo Houssay in the 20th Century Press Archives of the ZBW Bernardo Houssay at Find a Grave Bernardo Houssay on Nobelprize org including the Nobel Lecture December 12 1947 The Role of the Hypophysis in Carbohydrate Metabolism and in Diabetes Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Bernardo Houssay amp oldid 1146304577, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
