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List of ancient Indo-Aryan peoples and tribes

January 01, 1970

This is a list of ancient Indo-Aryan peoples and tribes that are mentioned in the literature of Indic religions.

From the second or first millennium BCE, ancient Indo-Aryan peoples and tribes turned into most of the population in the northern part of the Indian subcontinent – Indus Valley (roughly today's Punjab), Western India, Northern India, Central India, and also in areas of the southern part like Sri Lanka and the Maldives through and after a complex process of migration, assimilation of other peoples and language shift.[1][2][3]

Ancestors edit

 
Map 1: Indo-European migrations as described in The Horse, the Wheel, and Language by David W. Anthony
 
Map 2: Sintashta-Petrovka culture (red), its expansion into the Andronovo culture (orange) during the 2nd millennium BC, showing the overlap with the Bactria–Margiana Archaeological Complex (chartreuse green) in the south and also with the Afanasievo culture in the east. The location of the earliest chariots is shown in magenta. Several scholars associate Proto-Indo-Iranians with Sintashta-Petrovka culture.[2] These scholars also may associate some mentions in the Avesta (sacred scriptures of Zoroastrianism), like the Airyanəm Vaēǰō – "Aryans' Expanse", as distant memories that were retained by oral tradition of this old land of origin.[4] There are also mentions of Āryāvarta – "Aryans Abode" (in sacred Hindu scriptures such as Dharmashastras and Sutras), the Hindu counterpart of Airyanəm Vaēǰō, although it refers to Northern India and they are later.
 
Map 3: The extent of the Bactria-Margiana Archaeological Complex (BMAC), according to the Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture. The BMAC culture and peoples influenced migrating Indo-Iranians that came from the north.
 
Map 4: The approximate extent of the Vedic period Āryāvarta is highlighted in pale yellow
 
Map 5: This detailed map shows the locations of kingdoms and republics mentioned in the Indian epics or Bharata Khanda.

Vedic tribes edit

  • Alina people (RV 7.18.7)
  • Anu (RV 1.108.8, RV 8.10.5)
  • Āyu
  • Ambaśṭha
  • Bhageratha
  • Bhalanas
  • Bharatas- The Bharatas are a major Aryan clan, especially in Mandala 3 attributed to the Bharata sage Vishvamitra. The entire Bharata clan is described as crossing over, with their chariots and wagons, at the confluence of the Vipash (Beas River) and Shutudri (Satlej). The Bharatas are mentioned as the protagonists in the Battle of the Ten Kings in Mandala 7 (7.18 etc.), where they are on the winning side. They appear to have been successful in the early power-struggles between the various Aryan and non-Aryan clans so that they continue to dominate in post-Rigvedic texts, and later in the (Epic) tradition. "Bhārata" today is the official name of the Republic of India (see also Etymology of India).
  • Chedi
  • Dasa
  • Dasyu
  • Dṛbhīka
  • Druhyus (Rigveda, RV 1.108.8, RV 8.10.5)
  • Gandhara
  • Guṅgu
  • Ikshvaku dynasty
  • Krivi
  • Kīkaṭa
  • Kuru
  • Mahīna
  • Malankhara
  • Maujavant
  • Matsya
  • Nahuṣa
  • Paktha
  • Panis
  • Pārāvata
  • Parsu (Parśu)
  • Puru (Pūru)
  • Ruśama (RV Mandala 8)
  • Sārasvata
  • Srñjaya
  • Tritsu(RV 7.18, 7.33, 7.83)
  • Yadu: Of Indo-Aryan origin,Yadu is one of the five early Rigvedic tribes (panchajana, panchakrishtya or panchamanusha) mentioned in the Rigveda.[5][6][7] The Yadus had a tribal union with the Turvasha tribe, and were frequently described together.[8][9] The Yadus were a Aryan tribe.[7] By the time of the arrival of the Puru and Bharata tribes, the Yadu-Turvashas were settled in Punjab, with the Yadus possibly residing along the Yamuna River.[10]
    In Mandalas 4 and 5 of the Rigveda, the god Indra is stated to have saved the Yadu-Turvashas from drowning when they crossed rivers.[11][12] In Mandala 6, the Yadu-Turvashas are stated to have been "brought from far away" by Indra.[13][14] The Yadu-Turvashas are treated relatively positively in Mandalas 5, 6, and 8,[15] and are stated to be the occasional allies and enemies of the Puru-Bharatas.[11] In the Battle of the Ten Kings, the Yadus were defeated by Bharata chieftain Sudas.[16]

Pancha Jana (Five tribes) edit

(पञ्च जना – Páñca Jánāḥ / Pancha-janah) The pancha Jana are five tribes inexplicitly listed together during the (Āryāvarta of this time, c. 1700–1500 BCE, roughly corresponds with the Punjab and closer regions) (see the map of Early Vedic Period)

  • Anu (in the southwest part of early Āryāvarta)
  • Druhyu (in the north part of early Āryāvarta)
  • Puru (ancestors of the Paurava) (in the centre and east parts of early Āryāvarta, including Sarasvati river region)
  • Turvaśa (Turvasha) (in the centre and south parts of early Āryāvarta): The Turvashas (Sanskrit: तुर्वश, Turvaśa) were one of the five major peoples[17] (panchajana, panchakrishtya or panchamanusha) mentioned in the Rigveda. [18] The Turvashas had a tribal union with the Yadu tribe, and were frequently described together.[19][20] The Turvashas were a partly Indo-Aryan-acculturated Indus tribe.[21] By the time of the arrival of the Puru and Bharata tribes, the Yadu-Turvashas were settled in Punjab.[22] By the time of the Shatapatha Brahmana (7th-6th centuries BCE),[23][24] the Turvashas are linked to the Panchalas. [22]
    Alfred Ludvig first conjectured that Turvīti and Vayya could have been connected with the Turvasha tribe, a notion that is still considered only speculation according to Witzel.[25][26] In Mandalas 4 and 5 of the Rigveda, the god Indra is stated to have saved the Yadu-Turvashas from drowning when they crossed rivers.[11][12] In Mandala 6, the Yadu-Turvashas are stated to have been "brought from far away" by Indra.[13][14] The Yadu-Turvashas are treated relatively positively in Mandalas 5, 6, and 8,[15] and are stated to be the occasional allies and enemies of the Puru-Bharatas.[11]
  • Yadu (in the southeast and south parts of early Āryāvarta)

Janapadas edit

Early Janapadas (peoples / tribes) (c. 1700–1100 BCE) edit

 
Map 6: Early Vedic Culture (1700–1100 BCE) and location of early Indo-Aryan peoples and tribes

After roughly 1700 BCE Indo-Aryan peoples and tribes were swiftly expanding through ancient northern India, therefore the number of peoples, tribes and clans was increasing (as well as the number of Indo-Aryan language speakers) and Āryāvarta was becoming a very large area (see the map on the right side).

  • Aja – (Madhya-desha Āryāvarta – Central Āryāvarta)
  • Ambaśṭha – (Madhya-desha Āryāvarta – Central Āryāvarta)
  • Aṅga – Prachya Āryāvarta – Eastern Āryāvarta (Madhya-desha and Prachya Āryāvarta – Central and Eastern Āryāvarta in Vamana).
  • Anu – is a Vedic Sanskrit term for one of the 5 major tribes in the Rigveda, RV 1.108.8, RV 8.10.5 (both times listed together with the Druhyu) and, much later also in the Mahabharata.[27] In the late Vedic period, one of the Anu kings, King Anga, is mentioned as a "chakravartin" (AB 8.22). Ānava, the vrddhi derivation of Anu, is the name of a ruler in the Rigvedic account of the Battle of the Ten Kings (7.18.13) and at 8.4.1 with the Turvaśa (tribe). The meaning ánu "living, human" (Naighantu) cannot be substantiated for the Rigveda [28] and may have been derived from the tribal name. (Pratichya Āryāvarta – Western Āryāvarta)
  • Āyu[29] –
  • Bhajeratha[30]
  • Bhalana – The Bhalanas were one of the tribes that fought against Sudas in the Dasarajna battle. Some scholars have argued that the Bhalanas lived in South Central and Western Pakistan, and that the Bolan Pass, around which live the Brahui people, are the Bhalana people and abode.[27][31] (Pratichya Āryāvarta – Western Āryāvarta)
  • Bharadvāja – (Madhya-desha Āryāvarta – Central Āryāvarta)
  • Bhrigus[32]
  • Bheda – (Madhya-desha Āryāvarta – Central Āryāvarta)
  • Bodha – (Madhya-desha Āryāvarta – Central Āryāvarta)
  • Druhyu – The Druhyu were a people of Vedic India. They are mentioned in the Rigveda,[33] usually together with the Anu tribe.[34] Some early scholars have placed them in the northwestern region.[31]: I 395  The later texts, the Epic and the Puranas, locate them in the "north", that is, in Gandhara, Aratta and Setu. (Vishnu Purana IV.17) The Druhyus were driven out of the land of the seven rivers, and their next king, Gandhara, settled in a north-western region which became known as Gandhāra. The sons of the later Druhyu king Pracetas too settle in the "northern" (udīcya) region (Bhagavata 9.23.15–16; Visnu 4.17.5; Vayu 99.11–12; Brahmanda 3.74.11–12 and Matsya 48.9.). The word Druid (Gallic Celtic druides), is partially derived from Proto-Indo-European vid "to see, to know' [35][36] It has also been alleged that the Rg Veda and the Puranas describe this tribe as migrating North.[37] However, there is nothing of this in the Rigveda and the Puranas merely mention that the Druhyu are "adjacent (āśrita) to the North". (Pratichya Āryāvarta – Western Āryāvarta)
  • Gandharis[38] (Pratichya Āryāvarta – Western Āryāvarta)
  1. Guṅgu[39]
  2. Iksvaku[40] (Pratichya Āryāvarta – Western Āryāvarta)

Late Janapadas (peoples / tribes) (c. 1100–500 BCE) edit

 
Map 7: Late Vedic era map showing the boundaries of Āryāvarta with Janapadas in northern India. Beginning of Iron Age kingdoms in India— Kuru, Panchala, Kosala, Videha.

From roughly 1100 to 500 BCE Indo-Aryan peoples and tribes expanded even further throughout ancient northern India (see the map 6).

According to political scientist Sudama Misra, the Kalinga janapada originally comprised the area covered by the Puri and Ganjam districts.reference-Sudama Misra (1973). Janapada state in ancient India. Bhāratīya Vidyā Prakāśana. p. 78.

Mahajanapadas (c. 500 BCE) edit

 
Map 8: Mahajanapadas roughly in 500 BCE.

महाजनपद – Mahajanapada Shodasa Mahajanapadas (Sixteen Mahajanapadas) The Mahajanapadas were sixteen great kingdoms and republics that emerged after the more powerful political entities (initially based on the territories of peoples and tribes) had conquered many others. According to the Anguttara Nikaya, Digha Nikaya, Chulla-Niddesa (Buddhist Canon)

According to the Vyākhyāprajñapti / Bhagavati Sutra (Jain text)

Mentions by Ancient Greek authors (Classical Age) edit

 
Map 9: Ancient regions of Iranian Plateau and part of South Central Asia showing ancient Iranian peoples and tribes; this map also shows ancient peoples of the Indus Valley in Northwest Ancient India.

Northwest Ancient India – Indus River Basin

Other regions of Ancient India (India Intra Gangem)

Possible Indo-Aryan or other peoples / tribes / clans edit

  • Alina (RV 7.18.7) (RV = Rigveda) – They were one of the tribes defeated by Sudas of the Bharatas at the Dasarajna (Ten Kings Battle).[31]: I 39  It is suggested that they lived to the north-east of the Kambojas (possible ancestors of the Nuristani that live in Nurestan) because in the 7th century CE, the land was mentioned by the Chinese pilgrim Xuanzang.[31]: I 39  It is possible that they are connected with the Alans or Alani people who are a nomadic Iranian tribe. Alans is a dialectal cognate of Aryāna, itself derived from the root arya-, meaning 'Aryan', the common self-designation of Indo-Iranian peoples. It probably came in use in the early history of the Alans for the purpose of uniting a heterogeneous group of tribes through the invocation of a common, ancestral 'Aryan' origin. The historian S. Talageri identifies them with the Greeks (Hellenes).[50] However, the dating of the Rigveda and the hypothetical historic time for the Dasarajna (Battle of Ten Kings) occurred millennia before Hellenes were recorded in India.
  • Parsu (Parśu) – The Parsus have been connected with the Persians based on the evidence of an Assyrian inscription from 844 BC referring to the Persians as Parshu, and the Behistun Inscription of Darius I of Persia referring to Parsa as the home of the Persians. Pârsâ, is the Old Persian name for the Persis region Pars province as well as the root for the term Persian.
  • Shakya – a clan of Iron Age India (1st millennium BCE), habitating an area in Greater Magadha, on the foothills of the Himalaya mountains. This is also the clan in which Siddhartha Gautama (also known as Buddha or Shakyamuni – Sage of the Shakyas) (c. 6th to 4th centuries BCE) was born into, whose teachings became the foundation of Buddhism. According to Chandra Das, the name "Shakya" is derived from the Sanskrit word "śakya," which means "the one who is capable". Some scholars argue that the Shakya were of Scythian (Saka) origin (part of the Iranian peoples) and assimilated into Indo-Aryan peoples.[51][52]

Hypothetical Indo-Aryans edit

See also edit


References edit

  1. ^ Anthony, David W. (2007), The Horse The Wheel And Language. How Bronze-Age Riders From the Eurasian Steppes Shaped The Modern World, Princeton University Press
  2. ^ a b Mallory, J.P.; Douglas Q. Adams (1997). Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture. London: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers. ISBN 978-1-884964-98-5.
  3. ^ Parpola, Asko (2015), The Roots of Hinduism. The Early Aryans and the Indus Civilization, Oxford University Press
  4. ^ Anthony, David W. (2007). The Horse, the Wheel, and Language. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-05887-0
  5. ^ Singh, Upinder (2008). A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India: From the Stone Age to the 12th Century. Delhi: Pearson Education. p. 187. ISBN 978-81-317-1120-0.
  6. ^ Jamison, Stephanie; Brereton, Joel (2014). The Rigveda: The Earliest Religious Poetry of India. Oxford University Press. p. 54. ISBN 9780199370184.
  7. ^ a b Witzel, Michael (1999). "Substrate Languages in Old Indo-Aryan: (Ṛgvedic, Middle and Late Vedic)". Electronic Journal of Vedic Studies. 5: 3, 33. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.411.6137.
  8. ^ Witzel, Michael (2001). "Autochthonous Aryans?: The Evidence from Old Indian and Iranian Texts" (PDF). Electronic Journal of Vedic Studies. 7: 7.
  9. ^ Erdosy, George; Witzel, Michael (1995). Language, Material Culture and Ethnicity. The Indo-Aryans of Ancient South Asia: Rgvedic history: poets, chieftains and politics. De Gruyter. p. 204.
  10. ^ Erdosy & Witzel 1995, p. 262.
  11. ^ a b c d Erdosy & Witzel 1995, p. 235.
  12. ^ a b Jamison & Brereton 2014, p. 605, 695.
  13. ^ a b Erdosy & Witzel 1995, p. 222, 262.
  14. ^ a b Jamison & Brereton 2014, p. 829.
  15. ^ a b Erdosy & Witzel 1995, p. 237.
  16. ^ Erdosy & Witzel 1995, p. 239.
  17. ^ Jamison & Brereton 2014, p. 54.
  18. ^ Singh, Upinder (2008). A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India: From the Stone Age to the 12th Century. Delhi: Pearson Education. p. 187. ISBN 978-81-317-1120-0.
  19. ^ Witzel, Michael (2001). "Autochthonous Aryans?: The Evidence from Old Indian and Iranian Texts" (PDF). Electronic Journal of Vedic Studies. 7: 7.
  20. ^ Erdosy & Witzel 1995, p. 204
  21. ^ Witzel, Michael (1999). "Substrate Languages in Old Indo-Aryan: (Ṛgvedic, Middle and Late Vedic)". Electronic Journal of Vedic Studies. 5: 3, 33. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.411.6137.
  22. ^ a b Erdosy & Witzel 1995, p. 236.
  23. ^ "Early Indian history: Linguistic and textual parametres." in The Indo-Aryans of Ancient South Asia, edited by G. Erdosy (1995), p. 136
  24. ^ Jan N. Bremmer (2007). The Strange World of Human Sacrifice. Peeters Publishers. pp. 158–. ISBN 978-90-429-1843-6. Retrieved 15 December 2012.
  25. ^ Macdonell, Arthur Anthony (1995) [1912]. Vedic index of names and subjects. Motilal Banarsidass Publishers. p. 317. ISBN 81-208-1332-4.
  26. ^ Erdosy & Witzel 1995, p. 234
  27. ^ a b Talageri, S. G. (2005). The Rigveda as a source of Indo-European history. The Indo-Aryan Controversy: Evidence and Inference in Indian History, 332.
  28. ^ Mayrhofer, Etym. Dict. 1986, pt. 1, p. 74
  29. ^ Bloomfield, M. (1899). The Myth of Purūravas, Urvaçī, and Âyu. Journal of the American Oriental Society, 20, 180–183.
  30. ^ Zimmer, S. (1986). On a special meaning of jána- in the Rgveda. Indo-Iranian Journal, 29(2), 109–115.
  31. ^ a b c d A. A. Macdonell and A. B. Keith (1912). Vedic Index of Names and Subjects.
  32. ^ Weller, H. (1937). WHO WERE THE BHRIGUIDS?. Annals of the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute, 18(3), 296–302.
  33. ^ e.g. RV 1.108.8; 7.18; 8.10.5; 6.46.8
  34. ^ Hopkins, E. W. (1893). Problematic passages in the Rig-Veda. Journal of the American Oriental Society, 15, 252–283.
  35. ^ F. Le Roux & C.-J.Guyonvarc'h, Les Druides, Paris 1982: 37
  36. ^ "druid | Etymology, origin and meaning of druid by etymonline". www.etymonline.com. Retrieved 11 November 2023.
  37. ^ Sanskrit in English
  38. ^ Warraich, M. T. A. GANDHARA: AN APPRAISAL OF ITS MEANINGS AND HISTORY.
  39. ^ Grassmann, H. (Ed.). (1876). Rig-veda (Vol. 1). FA Brockhaus.
  40. ^ PINCOTT, F. ART. XIX.—The First Mandala of the Rig-Veda. By. Journal of the Boy. Asiat. Son, 16(Part II).
  41. ^ Rig-Veda-Sanhitá: A collection of ancient Hindu hymns... Vol. 3. 1857.
  42. ^ Pike, A. (1992). Indo-Aryan Deities and Worship as Contained in the Rig-Veda. Kessinger Pub.
  43. ^ Perry, E. D. (1885). Indra in the Rig-Veda. Journal of the American Oriental Society, 11, 117–208.
  44. ^ a b Griffith, R. T. (2009). The Rig-Veda. The Rig Veda.
  45. ^ Muller, F. M. (1869). Rig-veda-sanhita (Vol. 1).
  46. ^ Witzel, M. (1999). Aryan and Non-Aryan names in Vedic India. Data for the linguistic situation, c. 1900–500 BC. Aryan and Non-Aryan in South Asia, Evidence, Interpretation and Ideology. Cambridge Mass.: Harvard University (Harvard Oriental Series: Opera Minora III).
  47. ^ a b Frawley, D. (2001). The Rig Veda and the History of India: Rig Veda Bharata Itihasa. Aditya Prakashan.
  48. ^ a b Ian Worthington 2014, p. 219.
  49. ^ a b Peter Green 2013, p. 418.
  50. ^ The Rigveda: A Historical Analysis, Aditya Prakashan, New Delhi 2000
  51. ^ Jayarava Attwood, Possible Iranian Origins for the Śākyas and Aspects of Buddhism. Journal of the Oxford Centre for Buddhist Studies 2012 (3): 47–69
  52. ^ Christopher I. Beckwith, "Greek Buddha: Pyrrho's Encounter with Early Buddhism in Central Asia", 2016, pp 1–21

Further reading edit

  • Anthony, David W. (2007). The Horse The Wheel And Language. How Bronze-Age Riders From the Eurasian Steppes Shaped The Modern World. Princeton University Press ISBN 978-0-691-14818-2
  • Frawley David: The Rig Veda and the History of India, 2001. (Aditya Prakashan), ISBN 81-7742-039-9
  • Mallory, J.P.; Douglas Q. Adams (1997). Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture. London: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers. ISBN 978-1-884964-98-5
  • Misra, Sudama (1973). Janapada state in ancient India. Vārāṇasī: Bhāratīya Vidyā Prakāśana.
  • Pargiter, F.E. [1922] 1979. Ancient Indian Historical Tradition. New Delhi: Cosmo.
  • Parpola, Asko (2015), The Roots of Hinduism. The Early Aryans and the Indus Civilization, Oxford University Press
  • Talageri, Shrikant: The Rigveda: A Historical Analysis 2000, ISBN 81-7742-010-0 [6]; --Aryan Invasion Theory and Indian Nationalism. 1993.

January 01, 1970
list, ancient, indo, aryan, peoples, tribes, this, list, ancient, indo, aryan, peoples, tribes, that, mentioned, literature, indic, religions, from, second, first, millennium, ancient, indo, aryan, peoples, tribes, turned, into, most, population, northern, par. This is a list of ancient Indo Aryan peoples and tribes that are mentioned in the literature of Indic religions From the second or first millennium BCE ancient Indo Aryan peoples and tribes turned into most of the population in the northern part of the Indian subcontinent Indus Valley roughly today s Punjab Western India Northern India Central India and also in areas of the southern part like Sri Lanka and the Maldives through and after a complex process of migration assimilation of other peoples and language shift 1 2 3 Contents 1 Ancestors 2 Vedic tribes 2 1 Pancha Jana Five tribes 3 Janapadas 3 1 Early Janapadas peoples tribes c 1700 1100 BCE 3 2 Late Janapadas peoples tribes c 1100 500 BCE 4 Mahajanapadas c 500 BCE 5 Mentions by Ancient Greek authors Classical Age 6 Possible Indo Aryan or other peoples tribes clans 7 Hypothetical Indo Aryans 8 See also 9 References 10 Further readingAncestors edit nbsp Map 1 Indo European migrations as described in The Horse the Wheel and Language by David W Anthony nbsp Map 2 Sintashta Petrovka culture red its expansion into the Andronovo culture orange during the 2nd millennium BC showing the overlap with the Bactria Margiana Archaeological Complex chartreuse green in the south and also with the Afanasievo culture in the east The location of the earliest chariots is shown in magenta Several scholars associate Proto Indo Iranians with Sintashta Petrovka culture 2 These scholars also may associate some mentions in the Avesta sacred scriptures of Zoroastrianism like the Airyanem Vaeǰō Aryans Expanse as distant memories that were retained by oral tradition of this old land of origin 4 There are also mentions of Aryavarta Aryans Abode in sacred Hindu scriptures such as Dharmashastras and Sutras the Hindu counterpart of Airyanem Vaeǰō although it refers to Northern India and they are later nbsp Map 3 The extent of the Bactria Margiana Archaeological Complex BMAC according to the Encyclopedia of Indo European Culture The BMAC culture and peoples influenced migrating Indo Iranians that came from the north nbsp Map 4 The approximate extent of the Vedic period Aryavarta is highlighted in pale yellow nbsp Map 5 This detailed map shows the locations of kingdoms and republics mentioned in the Indian epics or Bharata Khanda Proto Indo Iranians common ancestors of the Iranian Nuristani and Indo Aryan peoples Proto Indo Iranian speakers Proto Indo Aryans Proto Indo Aryan speakers Vedic tribes editAlina people RV 7 18 7 Anu RV 1 108 8 RV 8 10 5 Ayu Ambasṭha Bhageratha Bhalanas Bharatas The Bharatas are a major Aryan clan especially in Mandala 3 attributed to the Bharata sage Vishvamitra The entire Bharata clan is described as crossing over with their chariots and wagons at the confluence of the Vipash Beas River and Shutudri Satlej The Bharatas are mentioned as the protagonists in the Battle of the Ten Kings in Mandala 7 7 18 etc where they are on the winning side They appear to have been successful in the early power struggles between the various Aryan and non Aryan clans so that they continue to dominate in post Rigvedic texts and later in the Epic tradition Bharata today is the official name of the Republic of India see also Etymology of India Chedi Dasa Dasyu Dṛbhika Druhyus Rigveda RV 1 108 8 RV 8 10 5 Gandhara Guṅgu Ikshvaku dynasty Krivi Kikaṭa Kuru Mahina Malankhara Maujavant Matsya Nahuṣa Paktha Panis Paravata Parsu Parsu Puru Puru Rusama RV Mandala 8 Sarasvata Srnjaya Tritsu RV 7 18 7 33 7 83 Yadu Of Indo Aryan origin Yadu is one of the five early Rigvedic tribes panchajana panchakrishtya or panchamanusha mentioned in the Rigveda 5 6 7 The Yadus had a tribal union with the Turvasha tribe and were frequently described together 8 9 The Yadus were a Aryan tribe 7 By the time of the arrival of the Puru and Bharata tribes the Yadu Turvashas were settled in Punjab with the Yadus possibly residing along the Yamuna River 10 In Mandalas 4 and 5 of the Rigveda the god Indra is stated to have saved the Yadu Turvashas from drowning when they crossed rivers 11 12 In Mandala 6 the Yadu Turvashas are stated to have been brought from far away by Indra 13 14 The Yadu Turvashas are treated relatively positively in Mandalas 5 6 and 8 15 and are stated to be the occasional allies and enemies of the Puru Bharatas 11 In the Battle of the Ten Kings the Yadus were defeated by Bharata chieftain Sudas 16 Pancha Jana Five tribes edit पञ च जन Panca Janaḥ Pancha janah The pancha Jana are five tribes inexplicitly listed together during the Aryavarta of this time c 1700 1500 BCE roughly corresponds with the Punjab and closer regions see the map of Early Vedic Period Anu in the southwest part of early Aryavarta Druhyu in the north part of early Aryavarta Puru ancestors of the Paurava in the centre and east parts of early Aryavarta including Sarasvati river region Turvasa Turvasha in the centre and south parts of early Aryavarta The Turvashas Sanskrit त र वश Turvasa were one of the five major peoples 17 panchajana panchakrishtya or panchamanusha mentioned in the Rigveda 18 The Turvashas had a tribal union with the Yadu tribe and were frequently described together 19 20 The Turvashas were a partly Indo Aryan acculturated Indus tribe 21 By the time of the arrival of the Puru and Bharata tribes the Yadu Turvashas were settled in Punjab 22 By the time of the Shatapatha Brahmana 7th 6th centuries BCE 23 24 the Turvashas are linked to the Panchalas 22 Alfred Ludvig first conjectured that Turviti and Vayya could have been connected with the Turvasha tribe a notion that is still considered only speculation according to Witzel 25 26 In Mandalas 4 and 5 of the Rigveda the god Indra is stated to have saved the Yadu Turvashas from drowning when they crossed rivers 11 12 In Mandala 6 the Yadu Turvashas are stated to have been brought from far away by Indra 13 14 The Yadu Turvashas are treated relatively positively in Mandalas 5 6 and 8 15 and are stated to be the occasional allies and enemies of the Puru Bharatas 11 Yadu in the southeast and south parts of early Aryavarta Janapadas editEarly Janapadas peoples tribes c 1700 1100 BCE edit nbsp Map 6 Early Vedic Culture 1700 1100 BCE and location of early Indo Aryan peoples and tribes After roughly 1700 BCE Indo Aryan peoples and tribes were swiftly expanding through ancient northern India therefore the number of peoples tribes and clans was increasing as well as the number of Indo Aryan language speakers and Aryavarta was becoming a very large area see the map on the right side Aja Madhya desha Aryavarta Central Aryavarta Ambasṭha Madhya desha Aryavarta Central Aryavarta Aṅga Prachya Aryavarta Eastern Aryavarta Madhya desha and Prachya Aryavarta Central and Eastern Aryavarta in Vamana Anu is a Vedic Sanskrit term for one of the 5 major tribes in the Rigveda RV 1 108 8 RV 8 10 5 both times listed together with the Druhyu and much later also in the Mahabharata 27 In the late Vedic period one of the Anu kings King Anga is mentioned as a chakravartin AB 8 22 Anava the vrddhi derivation of Anu is the name of a ruler in the Rigvedic account of the Battle of the Ten Kings 7 18 13 and at 8 4 1 with the Turvasa tribe The meaning anu living human Naighantu cannot be substantiated for the Rigveda 28 and may have been derived from the tribal name Pratichya Aryavarta Western Aryavarta Ayu 29 Bhajeratha 30 Bhalana The Bhalanas were one of the tribes that fought against Sudas in the Dasarajna battle Some scholars have argued that the Bhalanas lived in South Central and Western Pakistan and that the Bolan Pass around which live the Brahui people are the Bhalana people and abode 27 31 Pratichya Aryavarta Western Aryavarta Bharadvaja Madhya desha Aryavarta Central Aryavarta Bhrigus 32 Bheda Madhya desha Aryavarta Central Aryavarta Bodha Madhya desha Aryavarta Central Aryavarta Druhyu The Druhyu were a people of Vedic India They are mentioned in the Rigveda 33 usually together with the Anu tribe 34 Some early scholars have placed them in the northwestern region 31 I 395 The later texts the Epic and the Puranas locate them in the north that is in Gandhara Aratta and Setu Vishnu Purana IV 17 The Druhyus were driven out of the land of the seven rivers and their next king Gandhara settled in a north western region which became known as Gandhara The sons of the later Druhyu king Pracetas too settle in the northern udicya region Bhagavata 9 23 15 16 Visnu 4 17 5 Vayu 99 11 12 Brahmanda 3 74 11 12 and Matsya 48 9 The word Druid Gallic Celtic druides is partially derived from Proto Indo European vid to see to know 35 36 It has also been alleged that the Rg Veda and the Puranas describe this tribe as migrating North 37 However there is nothing of this in the Rigveda and the Puranas merely mention that the Druhyu are adjacent asrita to the North Pratichya Aryavarta Western Aryavarta Gandharis 38 Pratichya Aryavarta Western Aryavarta Guṅgu 39 Iksvaku 40 Pratichya Aryavarta Western Aryavarta Karuṣa Karusha later Cedi Chedi Madhya desha Aryavarta Central Aryavarta Kesin Madhya desha Aryavarta Central Aryavarta Kikaṭa 41 Prachya Aryavarta Eastern Aryavarta Kosala Prachya Aryavarta Eastern Aryavarta Krivi 42 Madhya desha Aryavarta Central Aryavarta Kunti Madhya desha Aryavarta Central Aryavarta Madra Udichya Aryavarta Northern Aryavarta Uttara Madra Udichya Aryavarta Northern Aryavarta Magadha Prachya Aryavarta Eastern Aryavarta Mahavṛṣa Mahavrisha Udichya Aryavarta Northern Aryavarta Mahina 43 Malankhara 44 Matsya 45 Madhya desha Aryavarta Central Aryavarta Mujavana Maujavant 46 Udichya Aryavarta Northern Aryavarta Nahuṣa 44 Pancala Panchala Madhya desha Aryavarta Central Aryavarta Paravata Madhya desha Aryavarta Central Aryavarta Pṛthu Prithu Pratichya Aryavarta Western Aryavarta Puru Puru Madhya desha Aryavarta Central Aryavarta Bharatas The Bharatas are an Aryan tribe mentioned in the Rigveda especially in Mandala 3 attributed to the Bharata sage Vishvamitra and in and Mandala 7 47 Bharata is also used as a name of Agni literally to be maintained viz the fire having to be kept alive by the care of men and as a name of Rudra in RV 2 36 8 In one of the river hymns RV 3 33 the entire Bharata tribe is described as crossing over with their chariots and wagons at the confluence of the Vipash Beas and Shutudri Satlej Hymns by Vasistha in Mandala 7 7 18 etc mention the Bharatas as the protagonists in the Battle of the Ten Kings where they are on the winning side They appear to have been successful in the early power struggles between the various Aryan and non Aryan tribes so that they continue to dominate in post Rigvedic texts and later in the Epic tradition the Mahabharata the eponymous ancestor becomes Emperor Bharata conqueror of all of India and his tribe and kingdom is called Bharata Bharata today is the official name of the Republic of India see also Etymology of India Madhya desha Aryavarta Central Aryavarta Kuru 47 Ancestors of the Kaurava Madhya desha Aryavarta Central Aryavarta Uttara Kuru Udichya Aryavarta Northern Aryavarta Pandu Ancestors of the Pandava Udichya Aryavarta Northern Aryavarta Tṛtsu Tritsu The Tritsus are a sub group of the Puru who are distinct from the Bharatas mentioned in Mandala 7 of the Rigveda in hymns 18 33 and 83 Under king Sudas they defeated the confederation of ten kings led by the Bharatas at the Battle of the Ten Kings Madhya desha Aryavarta Central Aryavarta Rusama Madhya desha Aryavarta Central Aryavarta Salva Shalva Madhya desha Aryavarta Central Aryavarta Sarasvata people that dwelt the banks of the Sarasvati river Pratichya Aryavarta Western Aryavarta Satvanta Dakshina Aryavarta Southern Aryavarta Sigru Madhya desha Aryavarta Central Aryavarta Siva Shiva not to be confused with the God Siva or Shiva Pratichya Aryavarta Western Aryavarta Srnjaya Srinjaya Madhya desha Aryavarta Central Aryavarta Svikna Madhya desha Aryavarta Central Aryavarta Turvasa Turvasa Usinara Ushinara Madhya desha Aryavarta Central Aryavarta Vaikarṇa Vaikarna Udichya Aryavarta Northern Aryavarta Vaṅga Vanga Prachya Aryavarta Eastern Aryavarta Varasikha Varashikha Madhya desha Aryavarta Central Aryavarta Vasa Vasha Madhya desha Aryavarta Central Aryavarta Vidarbha Vidarbha Dakshina Aryavarta Southern Aryavarta Videha Mithila Prachya Aryavarta Eastern Aryavarta Visaṇin Vishanin Pratichya Aryavarta Western Aryavarta Vṛcivanta Vrichivanta Pratichya Aryavarta Western Aryavarta Yadu Dakshina Aryavarta Southern Aryavarta Yakṣu Yakshu Madhya desha Aryavarta Central Aryavarta Late Janapadas peoples tribes c 1100 500 BCE edit nbsp Map 7 Late Vedic era map showing the boundaries of Aryavarta with Janapadas in northern India Beginning of Iron Age kingdoms in India Kuru Panchala Kosala Videha From roughly 1100 to 500 BCE Indo Aryan peoples and tribes expanded even further throughout ancient northern India see the map 6 Abhiṣaha Abhishaha Apanga Vayu Aupadha Markandeya Alasa Vamana Udichya Aryavarta Northern Aryavarta Ahuka Kuhaka Markandeya Kuhuka Vamana Udichya Aryavarta Northern Aryavarta Alimadra Anibhadra Markandeya Alibhadra Vamana Udichya Aryavarta Northern Aryavarta Aṅga Madhya desha and Prachya Aryavarta Central and Eastern Aryavarta in Vamana Antaranarmada Uttaranarmada Markandeya Sunarmada Vamana Aparanta Aryavarta Western Aryavarta Antargiri Prachya Aryavarta Eastern Aryavarta Anupa Arupa Matsya Annaja Vayu Vindhya prashtha Aryavarta Vindhyan Aryavarta Aparanta Purandhra Matsya Aparita Vayu Udichya Aryavarta Northern Aryavarta Arthapa Atharva Markandeya Madhya desha Aryavarta Central Aryavarta Asvakuṭa Madhya desha Aryavarta Central Aryavarta Atreya Atri Matsya Brahmanda Udichya Aryavarta Northern Aryavarta Audumbara Audambara Audumvara Udichya Aryavarta Northern Aryavarta Auṇḍra Vindhya prashtha Aryavarta Vindhyan Aryavarta Bahirgiri Prachya Aryavarta Eastern Aryavarta Bhadra Prachya and Madhya desha Aryavarta Eastern and Central Aryavarta Bhadrakara Madhya desha Aryavarta Central Aryavarta Bharadvaja Udichya Aryavarta Northern Aryavarta Bhargava Prachya Aryavarta Eastern Aryavarta Bharukaccha Bhanukaccha Vayu Bhirukahcha Markandeya Darukachchha Vamana Sahakaccha Brahmanda Aparanta Aryavarta Western Aryavarta Bhogavardhana Bhokardan Dakshinapatha Aryavarta Southern Aryavarta Bhuṣika Bhushika Udichya Aryavarta Northern Aryavarta Bodha Bahya Matsya Madhya desha Aryavarta Central Aryavarta Brahmottara Suhmottara Matsya Samantara Brahmanda Prachya Aryavarta Eastern Aryavarta Carmakhaṇḍika Charmakhandika Attakhaṇḍika Matsya Sakheṭaka Vamana Udichya Aryavarta Northern Aryavarta Darada Udichya Aryavarta Northern Aryavarta Darva Himalayan and Northern in Vayu and Markandeya Parvata shrayin and Udichya Aryavarta Himalayan Aryavarta Daseraka Dasheraka Karseruka Vayu Kuseruka Markandeya Udichya Aryavarta Northern Aryavarta Dasamalika Dashamalika Dasanamaka Matsya Dasamanika Vayu Daṅsana Vamana Udichya Aryavarta Northern Aryavarta Dasarṇa Dasharna Vindhya prashtha Aryavarta Vindhyan Aryavarta Druhyu Hrada Vayu Bhadra Brahmanda Udichya Aryavarta Northern Aryavarta Durga Durgala Brahmanda Aparanta Aryavarta Western Aryavarta Ganaka Udichya Aryavarta Northern Aryavarta Gandhara Gandharians Vaekereta in Avestan the people who lived in Gandhara and spoke Gandhari Udichya Aryavarta Northern Aryavarta Gonarda Govinda Vayu Gomanta Markandeya Mananda Vamana Prachya Aryavarta Eastern Aryavarta Haṃsamarga Sarvaga Himalayan in Matsya Haṃsamarga Northern and Himalayan in Vayu and Markandeya Karnamarga Northern and Haṃsamarga Himalayan in Vamana Haṃsamarga Himalayan Haṃsabhaṅga Northern in Brahmanda Udichya Aryavarta Northern Aryavarta Parvata shrayin Aryavarta Himalayan Aryavarta Haramuṣika Haramushika Haramurtika Matsya Harapurika Vayu Samuṣaka Vamana Udichya Aryavarta Northern Aryavarta Huhuka Samudgaka Matsya Sahudaka Vayu Sakṛtraka Markandeya Sahuhuka Vamana Sahuhuka Brahmanda Parvata shrayin Aryavarta Himalayan Aryavarta Ijika Udichya Aryavarta Northern Aryavarta Jaguda Jaṇgala Matsya Juhuḍa Vayu Jaguḍa Markandeya Udichya Aryavarta Northern Aryavarta Jaṇgala Madhya desha Aryavarta Central Aryavarta Jneyamarthaka Jneyamallaka Markandeya Aṅgiyamarṣaka Vamana Gopaparthiva Brahmanda Aparanta Aryavarta Western Aryavarta Kachchhika Kachchhika Matsya Kacchiya Vayu Kasmira Markandeya Kacchipa Brahmanda Aparanta Aryavarta Western Aryavarta Kalatoyaka Udichya Aryavarta Northern Aryavarta Kaliṅga central Arkalinga Markandeya Madhya desha Aryavarta Central Aryavarta Kaliṅga southern Dakshinapatha Aryavarta Southern Aryavarta According to political scientist Sudama Misra the Kalinga janapada originally comprised the area covered by the Puri and Ganjam districts reference Sudama Misra 1973 Janapada state in ancient India Bharatiya Vidya Prakasana p 78 Kalitaka Kalitaka Vayu Anikaṭa Markandeya Talikaṭa Vamana Kuntala Brahmanda Aparanta Aryavarta Western Aryavarta Kalivana Kolavana Vayu Kalivala Markandeya Varidhana Vamana Kalivana Brahmanda Aparanta Aryavarta Western Aryavarta Kantakara Kanṭakara Matsya Raddhakaṭaka Vayu Bahubhadra Markandeya Kadhara Vamana Udichya Aryavarta Northern Aryavarta Karaskara Paraṣkara Vayu Kaṭhakṣara Markandeya Karandhara Brahmanda Aparanta Aryavarta Western Aryavarta Karuṣa Karusha later Cedi Chedi Southern and Vindhyan Aryavarta Matsya Dakshinapatha Aryavarta Southern Aryavarta Vindhya prashtha Aryavarta Vindhyan Aryavarta Kasi Kashi Madhya desha Aryavarta Central Aryavarta Kasmira Kashmira Kamira Udichya Aryavarta Northern Aryavarta Kathas in the River Chenab Valley Udichya Aryavarta Northern Aryavarta Kausika Madhya desha Aryavarta Central Aryavarta Kekeya Kaikeyya Matsya Kaikeya Markandeya Kaikeya Vamana Udichya Aryavarta Northern Aryavarta Khasa Khasha Khasa Vamana Saka Brahmanda Parvata shrayin Aryavarta Himalayan Aryavarta Kisaṇṇa Madhya desha Aryavarta Central Aryavarta Koṅkaṇa Dakshinapatha Aryavarta Southern Aryavarta Kosala Central Madhya desha Aryavarta Central Aryavarta Kosala Vindhyan Vindhya prashtha Aryavarta Vindhyan Aryavarta Kukkuṭa Udichya Aryavarta Northern Aryavarta Kuluta Uluta Brahmanda Udichya Aryavarta Northern Aryavarta Kulya only Central in Markandeya only Southern in Vamana and Brahmanda Dakshinapatha Aryavarta Southern Aryavarta Madhya desha Central Aryavarta Kuninda Pulinda Matsya Kaliṅga Markandeya Kalinda Brahmanda Udichya Aryavarta Northern Aryavarta Kusalya Kushalya Madhya desha Aryavarta Central Aryavarta Kusudra Kushudra Madhya desha Aryavarta Central Aryavarta Kuthapravaraṇa Kusapravaraṇa Vayu Kuntapravaraṇa Markandeya Apapravaraṇa Brahmanda Parvata shrayin Aryavarta Himalayan Aryavarta Lalhitta Udichya Aryavarta Northern Aryavarta Lampaka Lamaka Brahmanda Udichya Aryavarta Northern Aryavarta Madguraka Mudgara Markandeya Mudagaraka Brahmanda Prachya Aryavarta Eastern Aryavarta Madras in the River Chenab Valley Udichya Aryavarta Northern Aryavarta Madreya Madhya desha Aryavarta Central Aryavarta Magadha Central and Eastern in Vayu and Brahmanda Magadha Prachya Aryavarta Eastern Aryavarta Maharaṣṭra Maharashtra Navaraṣṭra Matsya Maharashtra Dakshinapatha Aryavarta Southern Aryavarta Maheya Aparanta Aryavarta Western Aryavarta Malada Malava Matsya Manada Markandeya Mansada Vamana Prachya Aryavarta Eastern Aryavarta Malaka Madhya desha Aryavarta Central Aryavarta Malavartika Mallavarṇaka Matsya Malavartin Vayu Manavartika Markandeya Baladantika Vamana Prachya Aryavarta Eastern Aryavarta Malava Western Malla known as Malloi by the ancient Greeks and Malli by ancient Romans they were a people from southern Punjab including today s Multan city Mallorum Metropolis and region south of the confluence of the Jhelum Hydaspes for the Greeks and Ravi Hydraotes for the Greeks rivers see map 8 they are mentioned by ancient Greek historians 48 49 in the telling of Alexander III of Macedon s or Alexander the Great Iskandar Mallian Campaign Malada Brahmanda Ekalavya Vamana Aparanta Aryavarta Western Aryavarta not the be confused with the Eastern Malla Malla Eastern Malla Salva Matsya Mala Vayu Maia Vamana Prachya Aryavarta Eastern Aryavarta not to be confused with the Malava or Malavas of Western Ancient India Aparanta Aryavarta Western Aryavarta Maṇḍala Malava Vayu Malava Markandeya Parvata shrayin Aryavarta Himalayan Aryavarta Maṇḍavya Udichya Aryavarta Northern Aryavarta Maṣa Masha Vindhya prashtha Aryavarta Vindhyan Aryavarta Mataṅga Prachya Aryavarta Eastern Aryavarta Matsya Yatstha Vamana Madhya desha Aryavarta Central Aryavarta Mekala Rokala Vayu Kevala Markandeya Vindhya prashtha Aryavarta Vindhyan Aryavarta Muka Madhya desha Aryavarta Central Aryavarta Nasikya Vasikya Matsya Nasikanta Vamana Nasika Brahmanda Aparanta Aryavarta Western Aryavarta Nirahara Nigarhara Vayu Nihara Markandeya Parvata shrayin Aryavarta Himalayan Aryavarta Paṇaviya Udichya Aryavarta Northern Aryavarta Pancala Panchala Madhya desha Aryavarta Central Aryavarta Parada Parita Vayu Paravata Vamana Udichya Aryavarta Northern Aryavarta Paṭaccara Patachchara Satapathesvara Vayu Madhya desha Aryavarta Central Aryavarta Puru Puru Ancestors of the Paurava Madhya desha Aryavarta Central Aryavarta Paurava Descendants of the Puru Madhya desha Aryavarta Central Aryavarta Kuru Vamana Ancestors of the Kaurava Madhya desha Aryavarta Central Aryavarta Kaurava Vamana Descendants of the Kuru Madhya desha Aryavarta Central Aryavarta Pandu Ancestors of the Pandava Udichya Aryavarta Northern Aryavarta Pandava Descendants of Pandu Udichya Aryavarta and Madhya desha Aryavarta Northern Aryavarta and Central Aryavarta Arjunayana Madhya desha Aryavarta Central Aryavarta Tomara Tamasa Markandeya and Vamana Udichya Aryavarta Northern Aryavarta Pluṣṭa Plushta Parvata shrayin Aryavarta Himalayan Aryavarta Pragjyotiṣa Pragjyotisha Prachya Aryavarta Eastern Aryavarta Pravaṅga Plavaṅga Matsya and Brahmanda Prachya Aryavarta Eastern Aryavarta Pravijaya Praviṣeya Brahmanda Prachya Aryavarta Eastern Aryavarta Priyalaukika Harṣavardhana Markandeya Aṅgalaukika Vamana Aṅgalaukika Brahmanda Udichya Aryavarta Northern Aryavarta Puleya Kuliya Matsya Pulinda Markandeya Puliya Vamana Pauleya Brahmanda Aparanta Aryavarta Western Aryavarta Rupasa Kupasa Vayu Rupapa Markandeya Rupaka Brahmanda Aparanta Aryavarta Western Aryavarta Sainika Pidika Vayu Sulika Markandeya Jhillika Brahmanda Udichya Aryavarta Northern Aryavarta Salva Shalva Madhya desha Aryavarta Central Aryavarta Saraja Vindhya prashtha Aryavarta Vindhyan Aryavarta Sarasvata Aparanta Aryavarta Western Aryavarta Sausalya Saushalya Madhya desha Aryavarta Central Aryavarta Sauvira Udichya Aryavarta Northern Aryavarta Sasikhadrika Shashikhadraka Parvata shrayin Aryavarta Himalayan Aryavarta Satadruja Shatadruja Satadrava Vamana Udichya Aryavarta Northern Aryavarta Ṣaṭpura Padgama Matsya Ṣaṭsura Vayu Paṭava Markandeya Bahela Vamana Vindhya prashtha Aryavarta Vindhyan Aryavarta Sindhu Saindhava Udichya Aryavarta Northern Aryavarta Sirala Surala Vayu Sumina Markandeya Sinila Vamana Kirata Brahmanda Aparanta Aryavarta Western Aryavarta Sudra Shudra Sudra Suhya Brahmanda Udichya Aryavarta Northern Aryavarta not to be confused with the Shudra a Varna Sujaraka Prachya Aryavarta Eastern Aryavarta Sulakara Shulakara Udichya Aryavarta Northern Aryavarta Suraṣṭra Surashtra Sauraṣṭra Matsya Aparanta Aryavarta Western Aryavarta Surparaka Surparaka Vayu Suryaraka Markandeya Suryaraka Brahmanda Aparanta Aryavarta Western Aryavarta Surasena Shurasena Braj Madhya desha Aryavarta Central Aryavarta Taittrika Taittirika Matsya Turasita Vayu Kurumini Markandeya Tubhamina Vamana Kariti Brahmanda Aparanta Aryavarta Western Aryavarta Taksas in Taksasila or Taxila Udichya Aryavarta Northern Aryavarta Talagana Talagana Matsya Stanapa Vayu Tavakarama Vamana Talasala Brahmanda Udichya Aryavarta Northern Aryavarta Tamasa Chamara Matsya Tomara Vamana Tamara Brahmanda Parvata shrayin Aryavarta Himalayan Aryavarta Tamas Aparanta Aryavarta Western Aryavarta Tamralipataka Prachya Aryavarta Eastern Aryavarta Taṅgaṇa Apatha Matsya Gurguṇa Markandeya Parvata shrayin Aryavarta Himalayan Aryavarta Taṅgaṇa Tuṅgana Markandeya Udichya Aryavarta Northern Aryavarta Tapasa Svapada Markandeya Tapaka Brahmanda Aparanta Aryavarta Western Aryavarta Tilaṇga Madhya desha Aryavarta Central Aryavarta Traipura Vindhya prashtha Aryavarta Vindhyan Aryavarta Trigarta Parvata shrayin Aryavarta Himalayan Aryavarta Tugras in the Sutlej river basin Udichya Aryavarta Northern Aryavarta Turṇapada Udichya Aryavarta Northern Aryavarta Utkala Eastern and Central in Brahmanda Vindhyan Aryavarta Uttamarṇa Uttama Brahmanda Vindhya prashtha Aryavarta Vindhyan Aryavarta Vahyatodara Girigahvara Brahmanda Udichya Aryavarta Northern Aryavarta Vaidisa Vaidisha Vaidika Vayu Khollisa Vamana Vindhya prashtha Aryavarta Vindhyan Aryavarta Vaṅga Central and Eastern in Vamana Prachya Aryavarta Eastern Aryavarta Vaṅgeya Margavageya Matsya Raṅgeya Markandeya Vojneya Brahmanda Prachya Aryavarta Eastern Aryavarta Vaṭadhana Udichya Aryavarta Northern Aryavarta Vatsa Vamsa Madhya desha Aryavarta Central Aryavarta Vatsiya Aparanta Aryavarta Western Aryavarta Vemaka Udichya Aryavarta Northern Aryavarta Videha Prachya Aryavarta Eastern Aryavarta Mithila Tirabhukti Vṛka Vrika Madhya desha Aryavarta Central Aryavarta Yadu Haihayas Heheya Talajangha Avanti Clan of the Haihayas Central and Vindhyan Aryavarta in Matsya Bhoja Gopta Vamana Gupta Clan of the Haihayas Vindhya prashtha Aryavarta Vindhyan Aryavarta in Vamana Sharyatas Clan of the Haihayas Anarta Avantya in Markandeya Vamana Subclan of the Sharyatas Aparanta Aryavarta Western Aryavarta Tuṇḍikera Sauṇḍikera Matsya Tuṣṭikara Markandeya Clan of the Haihayas Vindhyan Aryavarta Vitihotra Virahotra Markandeya Vitahotra Vamana Clan of the Haihayas Vindhyan Aryavarta Cedi Chedi Chaidyas Shashabindu Shashabindava Vaidarbha Vidarbha Mahabharata Vidarbha Dakshinapatha Aryavarta Southern Aryavarta Yadava Descendants of the Yadu Abhira Udichya and Dakshinapatha Aryavarta Northern and Southern Aryavarta Northern Abhira Udichya Aryavarta Northern Aryavarta Southern Abhira Dakshinapatha Aryavarta Southern Aryavarta Kukura Satvata Vrishni Shainya Shaineya Yaudheya Madhya desha Aryavarta Central Aryavarta Mahajanapadas c 500 BCE edit nbsp Map 8 Mahajanapadas roughly in 500 BCE मह जनपद Mahajanapada Shodasa Mahajanapadas Sixteen Mahajanapadas The Mahajanapadas were sixteen great kingdoms and republics that emerged after the more powerful political entities initially based on the territories of peoples and tribes had conquered many others According to the Anguttara Nikaya Digha Nikaya Chulla Niddesa Buddhist Canon Anga Assaka or Asmaka Avanti Chetiya Chedi Cedi Gandhara Kamboja possibly ancestral of Nuristani Kashi Kasi Kosala Kuru Maccha Matsya Magadha Malla Panchala Pancala Surasena Vajji Vṛji Licchavis tribe Vamsha Vatsa According to the Vyakhyaprajnapti Bhagavati Sutra Jain text Accha Anga Avaha Bajji Vajji Vriji Licchavis tribe Banga Vanga Kasi Kashi Kochcha Kosala Ladha Lata Magadha Malavaka Malaya located in the Malaya mountains southernmost part of the Western Ghats part of the same was called the Sahya Mountains Southern India probably Dravidian and Non Indo Aryan Moli Malla Padha Sambhuttara Vaccha Vatsa Mentions by Ancient Greek authors Classical Age edit nbsp Map 9 Ancient regions of Iranian Plateau and part of South Central Asia showing ancient Iranian peoples and tribes this map also shows ancient peoples of the Indus Valley in Northwest Ancient India Northwest Ancient India Indus River Basin Glausae Glausai may have been the Gandhari Malloi Malli known as Malava Western Malla by Indo Aryans in ancient India they were a people from southern Punjab including today s Multan city Mallorum Metropolis and region south of the confluence of the Jhelum Hydaspes for the Greeks and Ravi Hydraotes for the Greeks rivers see map 9 they are mentioned by ancient Greek historians 48 49 in the Mallian Campaign of Alexander III of Macedon Iskandar Malada Brahmanda Ekalavya Vamana Aparanta Aryavarta Western Aryavarta not the be confused with the Eastern Malla Oxydracae Oxydrakai may have been the Sudra Shudra Sudra Suhya Brahmanda not to be confused with the Shudra a Varna Sattagydans people that dwelt in Sattagydia Old Persian Thatagus th 8 from 8ata hundred and gus cows country of the People of Hundred Cows may have been an Indo Aryan people of Sindh with Iranian influence or the opposite an Iranian people of Sindh with Indo Aryan influence Sibae Sobii Sibai Sivai Sobioi Sivioi may have been the Siva or Shiva people of Early Janapadas not to be confused with the God Siva or Shiva Other regions of Ancient India India Intra Gangem Pragii Prasii Pragioi Prasioi may have been the people of Pragjyotiṣa or Pragjyotisha Pragjyotisha Kamarupa Possible Indo Aryan or other peoples tribes clans editAlina RV 7 18 7 RV Rigveda They were one of the tribes defeated by Sudas of the Bharatas at the Dasarajna Ten Kings Battle 31 I 39 It is suggested that they lived to the north east of the Kambojas possible ancestors of the Nuristani that live in Nurestan because in the 7th century CE the land was mentioned by the Chinese pilgrim Xuanzang 31 I 39 It is possible that they are connected with the Alans or Alani people who are a nomadic Iranian tribe Alans is a dialectal cognate of Aryana itself derived from the root arya meaning Aryan the common self designation of Indo Iranian peoples It probably came in use in the early history of the Alans for the purpose of uniting a heterogeneous group of tribes through the invocation of a common ancestral Aryan origin The historian S Talageri identifies them with the Greeks Hellenes 50 However the dating of the Rigveda and the hypothetical historic time for the Dasarajna Battle of Ten Kings occurred millennia before Hellenes were recorded in India Parsu Parsu The Parsus have been connected with the Persians based on the evidence of an Assyrian inscription from 844 BC referring to the Persians as Parshu and the Behistun Inscription of Darius I of Persia referring to Parsa as the home of the Persians Parsa is the Old Persian name for the Persis region Pars province as well as the root for the term Persian Shakya a clan of Iron Age India 1st millennium BCE habitating an area in Greater Magadha on the foothills of the Himalaya mountains This is also the clan in which Siddhartha Gautama also known as Buddha or Shakyamuni Sage of the Shakyas c 6th to 4th centuries BCE was born into whose teachings became the foundation of Buddhism According to Chandra Das the name Shakya is derived from the Sanskrit word sakya which means the one who is capable Some scholars argue that the Shakya were of Scythian Saka origin part of the Iranian peoples and assimilated into Indo Aryan peoples 51 52 Hypothetical Indo Aryans editMitanni Indo Aryans c 1500 1300 BCE hypothetical ancient people of the northern Middle East in the Mitanni kingdom part of today s far western Iran northwestern Iraq northern Syria and southeastern Turkey that spoke the hypothetical Mitanni Indo Aryan a language that was superstrate of Hurrian a non Indo European language and merged with the Hurrians many of them as a social elite in the course of the Indo Aryan migration towards West in this case See also editRamayana Aryavarta Mahabharata Vedic period Bharatavarsha Chakravartin Bharata Khanda Iron Age India Avestan geography History of Hinduism Indo Aryan migration Indus Valley civilization Janapada amp Mahajanapada Monarchy in ancient India Historicity of the MahabharataReferences edit Anthony David W 2007 The Horse The Wheel And Language How Bronze Age Riders From the Eurasian Steppes Shaped The Modern World Princeton University Press a b Mallory J P Douglas Q Adams 1997 Encyclopedia of Indo European Culture London Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers ISBN 978 1 884964 98 5 Parpola Asko 2015 The Roots of Hinduism The Early Aryans and the Indus Civilization Oxford University Press Anthony David W 2007 The Horse the Wheel and Language Princeton NJ Princeton University Press ISBN 978 0 691 05887 0 Singh Upinder 2008 A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India From the Stone Age to the 12th Century Delhi Pearson Education p 187 ISBN 978 81 317 1120 0 Jamison Stephanie Brereton Joel 2014 The Rigveda The Earliest Religious Poetry of India Oxford University Press p 54 ISBN 9780199370184 a b Witzel Michael 1999 Substrate Languages in Old Indo Aryan Ṛgvedic Middle and Late Vedic Electronic Journal of Vedic Studies 5 3 33 CiteSeerX 10 1 1 411 6137 Witzel Michael 2001 Autochthonous Aryans The Evidence from Old Indian and Iranian Texts PDF Electronic Journal of Vedic Studies 7 7 Erdosy George Witzel Michael 1995 Language Material Culture and Ethnicity The Indo Aryans of Ancient South Asia Rgvedic history poets chieftains and politics De Gruyter p 204 Erdosy amp Witzel 1995 p 262 a b c d Erdosy amp Witzel 1995 p 235 a b Jamison amp Brereton 2014 p 605 695 a b Erdosy amp Witzel 1995 p 222 262 a b Jamison amp Brereton 2014 p 829 a b Erdosy amp Witzel 1995 p 237 Erdosy amp Witzel 1995 p 239 Jamison amp Brereton 2014 p 54 Singh Upinder 2008 A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India From the Stone Age to the 12th Century Delhi Pearson Education p 187 ISBN 978 81 317 1120 0 Witzel Michael 2001 Autochthonous Aryans The Evidence from Old Indian and Iranian Texts PDF Electronic Journal of Vedic Studies 7 7 Erdosy amp Witzel 1995 p 204 Witzel Michael 1999 Substrate Languages in Old Indo Aryan Ṛgvedic Middle and Late Vedic Electronic Journal of Vedic Studies 5 3 33 CiteSeerX 10 1 1 411 6137 a b Erdosy amp Witzel 1995 p 236 Early Indian history Linguistic and textual parametres in The Indo Aryans of Ancient South Asia edited by G Erdosy 1995 p 136 Jan N Bremmer 2007 The Strange World of Human Sacrifice Peeters Publishers pp 158 ISBN 978 90 429 1843 6 Retrieved 15 December 2012 Macdonell Arthur Anthony 1995 1912 Vedic index of names and subjects Motilal Banarsidass Publishers p 317 ISBN 81 208 1332 4 Erdosy amp Witzel 1995 p 234 a b Talageri S G 2005 The Rigveda as a source of Indo European history The Indo Aryan Controversy Evidence and Inference in Indian History 332 Mayrhofer Etym Dict 1986 pt 1 p 74 Bloomfield M 1899 The Myth of Pururavas Urvaci and Ayu Journal of the American Oriental Society 20 180 183 Zimmer S 1986 On a special meaning of jana in the Rgveda Indo Iranian Journal 29 2 109 115 a b c d A A Macdonell and A B Keith 1912 Vedic Index of Names and Subjects Weller H 1937 WHO WERE THE BHRIGUIDS Annals of the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute 18 3 296 302 e g RV 1 108 8 7 18 8 10 5 6 46 8 Hopkins E W 1893 Problematic passages in the Rig Veda Journal of the American Oriental Society 15 252 283 F Le Roux amp C J Guyonvarc h Les Druides Paris 1982 37 druid Etymology origin and meaning of druid by etymonline www etymonline com Retrieved 11 November 2023 Sanskrit in English Warraich M T A GANDHARA AN APPRAISAL OF ITS MEANINGS AND HISTORY Grassmann H Ed 1876 Rig veda Vol 1 FA Brockhaus PINCOTT F ART XIX The First Mandala of the Rig Veda By Journal of the Boy Asiat Son 16 Part II Rig Veda Sanhita A collection of ancient Hindu hymns Vol 3 1857 Pike A 1992 Indo Aryan Deities and Worship as Contained in the Rig Veda Kessinger Pub Perry E D 1885 Indra in the Rig Veda Journal of the American Oriental Society 11 117 208 a b Griffith R T 2009 The Rig Veda The Rig Veda Muller F M 1869 Rig veda sanhita Vol 1 Witzel M 1999 Aryan and Non Aryan names in Vedic India Data for the linguistic situation c 1900 500 BC Aryan and Non Aryan in South Asia Evidence Interpretation and Ideology Cambridge Mass Harvard University Harvard Oriental Series Opera Minora III a b Frawley D 2001 The Rig Veda and the History of India Rig Veda Bharata Itihasa Aditya Prakashan a b Ian Worthington 2014 p 219 a b Peter Green 2013 p 418 The Rigveda A Historical Analysis Aditya Prakashan New Delhi 2000 Jayarava Attwood Possible Iranian Origins for the Sakyas and Aspects of Buddhism Journal of the Oxford Centre for Buddhist Studies 2012 3 47 69 Christopher I Beckwith Greek Buddha Pyrrho s Encounter with Early Buddhism in Central Asia 2016 pp 1 21Further reading editAnthony David W 2007 The Horse The Wheel And Language How Bronze Age Riders From the Eurasian Steppes Shaped The Modern World Princeton University Press ISBN 978 0 691 14818 2 Frawley David The Rig Veda and the History of India 2001 Aditya Prakashan ISBN 81 7742 039 9 Mallory J P Douglas Q Adams 1997 Encyclopedia of Indo European Culture London Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers ISBN 978 1 884964 98 5 Misra Sudama 1973 Janapada state in ancient India Varaṇasi Bharatiya Vidya Prakasana Pargiter F E 1922 1979 Ancient Indian Historical Tradition New Delhi Cosmo Parpola Asko 2015 The Roots of Hinduism The Early Aryans and the Indus Civilization Oxford University Press Talageri Shrikant The Rigveda A Historical Analysis 2000 ISBN 81 7742 010 0 6 Aryan Invasion Theory and Indian Nationalism 1993 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title List of ancient Indo Aryan peoples and tribes amp oldid 1221081853, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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