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For the kingdom in the Ramayana and Mahabharata, see Madra Kingdom.
Madra (Sanskrit: Madra) was an ancient Indo-Aryantribe of north-western South Asia whose existence is attested since the Vedic period. The members of the Madra tribe were called the Madrakas.[1]
Location of the Anu tribe from which the Madrakas were descended among the Vedic tribes
Location of the Madrakas during the late Vedic period
Location of the Madrakas during the post-Vedic period
The Madras were divided into Uttara-Madra ("northern Madra"), Dakṣiṇa-Madra ("southern Madra"), and Madra proper:[1]
The Uttara Madrakas lived to the north of the Himavat, near the Uttara Kurus, possibly in the Kashmir Valley.
The Madras proper lived in the Rachna Doab in the central Punjab, to the west of the Irāvatī river. These Madras were organised into a kingdom and had their capital at Sāgala or Śākala.
The Dakṣiṇa Madrakas lived to the east of Śākala, near the Trigartas.
History
The Madrakas, as well as the neighbouring Kekaya and Uśīnara tribes, were descended from the Ṛgvedic Anu tribe which lived near the Paruṣṇī river in the central Punjab region, in the same area where the Madrakas were later located.[2]
Madra proper
Several Vedic scholars from the Brāhmaṇa period were from Madra proper, including Śākalya, who was a member of the court of the Vaideha king Janaka, as well as Madragāra Śauṅgāyani, and Uddālaka Āruṇi's teacher Patañchala Kāpya.[1]
During the 6th century BCE, the Madrakas, along with the Kekayas, Uśīnaras, and Sibis, fell under the suzerainty of the Gandhāra kingdom, which was the principal imperial power in north-west Iron Age South Asia.[3]
During the 5th century BCE, Kṣemā, the daughter of the Madraka king, was married to the Māgadhī king Bimbisāra,[4] who himself engaged in diplomatic relations with the Madrakas' suzerain, the Gandhari king Pukkusāti.[5]
The Madrakas appear in epic Hindu literature, especially in the Rāmāyaṇa and the Mahābhārata. In the latter, the wife of the Kuru king Pāṇḍu was a Madraka princess eponymously named Mādrī, after the kingdom which she hailed from.
madra, this, article, relies, largely, entirely, single, source, relevant, discussion, found, talk, page, please, help, improve, this, article, introducing, citations, additional, sources, find, sources, news, newspapers, books, scholar, jstor, june, 2022, kin. This article relies largely or entirely on a single source Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page Please help improve this article by introducing citations to additional sources Find sources Madra news newspapers books scholar JSTOR June 2022 For the kingdom in the Ramayana and Mahabharata see Madra Kingdom Madra Sanskrit Madra was an ancient Indo Aryan tribe of north western South Asia whose existence is attested since the Vedic period The members of the Madra tribe were called the Madrakas 1 Location of the Anu tribe from which the Madrakas were descended among the Vedic tribesLocation of the Madrakas during the late Vedic periodLocation of the Madrakas during the post Vedic period Contents 1 Location 2 History 2 1 Madra proper 3 In epic literature 4 References 5 Further readingLocation EditThe Madras were divided into Uttara Madra northern Madra Dakṣiṇa Madra southern Madra and Madra proper 1 The Uttara Madrakas lived to the north of the Himavat near the Uttara Kurus possibly in the Kashmir Valley The Madras proper lived in the Rachna Doab in the central Punjab to the west of the Iravati river These Madras were organised into a kingdom and had their capital at Sagala or Sakala The Dakṣiṇa Madrakas lived to the east of Sakala near the Trigartas History EditThe Madrakas as well as the neighbouring Kekaya and Usinara tribes were descended from the Ṛgvedic Anu tribe which lived near the Paruṣṇi river in the central Punjab region in the same area where the Madrakas were later located 2 Madra proper Edit Several Vedic scholars from the Brahmaṇa period were from Madra proper including Sakalya who was a member of the court of the Vaideha king Janaka as well as Madragara Sauṅgayani and Uddalaka Aruṇi s teacher Patanchala Kapya 1 During the 6th century BCE the Madrakas along with the Kekayas Usinaras and Sibis fell under the suzerainty of the Gandhara kingdom which was the principal imperial power in north west Iron Age South Asia 3 During the 5th century BCE Kṣema the daughter of the Madraka king was married to the Magadhi king Bimbisara 4 who himself engaged in diplomatic relations with the Madrakas suzerain the Gandhari king Pukkusati 5 In epic literature EditMain article Madra Kingdom The Madrakas appear in epic Hindu literature especially in the Ramayaṇa and the Mahabharata In the latter the wife of the Kuru king Paṇḍu was a Madraka princess eponymously named Madri after the kingdom which she hailed from References Edit a b c Raychaudhuri 1953 p 63 65 Raychaudhuri 1953 p 62 63 Prakash Buddha 1951 Poros Annals of the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute 32 1 198 233 Retrieved 12 June 2022 Raychaudhuri 1953 p 197 Raychaudhuri 1953 p 147 Further reading EditRaychaudhuri Hemchandra 1953 Political History of Ancient India From the Accession of Parikshit to the Extinction of Gupta Dynasty University of Calcutta Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Madra amp oldid 1129255495, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
