"Hindu river" redirects here. For the river known as the Sindhū, see Indus River.
Rivers play a prominent part in the hymns of the Rigveda, and consequently in early Vedic religion. Vedic texts have a wide geographical horizon, speaking of oceans, rivers, mountains and deserts.
“He has surveyed eight summits of the Earth, three shore or desert regions, seven rivers.” (aṣṭaú vy àkhyat kakúbhaḥ pr̥thivyā́s trī́ dhánva yójanā saptá síndhūn RV.I.35.8).[1]
The Vedic land is described as a land of the seven rivers (sapta sindhavaḥ; Sanskrit: सप्तसिन्धवः) flowing into the ocean. It encompasses the northwestern Indian subcontinent from Gandhara to Kurukshetra.
Identification of Rigvedic hydronyms has engaged multiple historians; it is the single most important way of establishing the geography and chronology of the early Vedic period.[2][3] Rivers with certain identifications stretch from eastern Afghanistan to the western Gangetic plain, clustering in the Punjab. The region's name comes from پنج, panj, 'five' and آب, āb, 'water' thus "five waters", a Persianized form of the Indo-Aryan Panchanada meaning "five rivers". Many have cognates in Avestan.
The same names were often imposed on different rivers as the Vedic culture migrated eastward from around Afghanistan (where they stayed for a considerable time) to mainland India via Punjab.[2]
List
Multiple hydronyms are located in the Rigvedic corpus; they are slotted according to rough geographical locations, following the scheme of Michael Witzel.[2] Alongside, opinions of scholars about modern correlates are provided:[4][5]
Indus:
Síndhu - Identified with Indus.[4] The central lifeline of RV.[5]
Northwestern Rivers:
Tr̥ṣṭā́mā - Blažek identifies with Gilgit.[4] Witzel notes it to be unidentified.[2]
Susártu - Unidentified.
Ánitabhā - Unidentified.
Rasā́ - Described once to be on the upper Indus; at other times a mythical entity.[4]
Mehatnū - A tributary of Gomatī́.[4] Unidentifiable.[2]
Yavyā́vatī - Noted to be a branch of Gomatī́. Witzel as well as Blažek identifies with Zhob River.[4][2] Dähnhardt comments it to be synonymous to Yamúnā or flowing very close to it[5] but Witzel had rejected a similar take by Talgeri.
^Wilson, H.H (27 August 2021). "Rig Veda 1.35.8 [English translation]". www.wisdomlib.org. Retrieved 22 May 2022.
^ abcdefghWitzel, Michael (1998). "Aryan and non-Aryan Names in Vedic India: Data for the linguistic situation, c. 1900-500 B.C". In Bronkhorst, James; Deshpande, Madhav (eds.). Aryans and Non-Non-Aryans: Evidence, Interpretation and Ideology. Harvard Oriental Series. Cambridge. pp. 337–404.
^"Sapta Sinhavas- The land of seven rivers" (PDF). Dr M. Aslamkhan.
^ abcdDähnhardt, Thomas Wolfgang Peter (2009). "The descent of King Lion: Some considerations on the relations between the Indus and other rivers in the sacred geography and culture of ancient India". In Filippi, Gian Giuseppe (ed.). I fiumi sacri. Indoasiatica. Vol. 6. Libreria Editrice Cafoscarina. pp. 189–208. ISBN9788875432416.
^Kochhar, Rajesh (1999), "On the identity and chronology of the Ṛgvedic river Sarasvatī", in Roger Blench; Matthew Spriggs (eds.), Archaeology and Language III; Artefacts, languages and texts, Routledge, p. 262, ISBN0-415-10054-2
^Kar, Amal; Ghose, Bimal (1984). "The Drishadvati River System of India: An Assessment and New Findings". The Geographical Journal. 150 (2): 221–229. doi:10.2307/635000. ISSN 0016-7398. JSTOR 635000.
Gherardo Gnoli, De Zoroastre à Mani. Quatre leçons au Collège de France (Travaux de l’Institut d’Études Iraniennes de l’Université de la Sorbonne Nouvelle 11), Paris (1985)
January 27, 2023
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Hindu river redirects here For the river known as the Sindhu see Indus River Rivers play a prominent part in the hymns of the Rigveda and consequently in early Vedic religion Vedic texts have a wide geographical horizon speaking of oceans rivers mountains and deserts He has surveyed eight summits of the Earth three shore or desert regions seven rivers aṣṭau vy akhyat kakubhaḥ pr thivya s tri dhanva yojana sapta sindhun RV I 35 8 1 The Vedic land is described as a land of the seven rivers sapta sindhavaḥ Sanskrit सप तस न धव flowing into the ocean It encompasses the northwestern Indian subcontinent from Gandhara to Kurukshetra Contents 1 Geography of the Rigveda 2 List 3 See also 4 References 5 Further readingGeography of the Rigveda Edit Geography of the Rigveda Identification of Rigvedic hydronyms has engaged multiple historians it is the single most important way of establishing the geography and chronology of the early Vedic period 2 3 Rivers with certain identifications stretch from eastern Afghanistan to the western Gangetic plain clustering in the Punjab The region s name comes from پنج panj five and آب ab water thus five waters a Persianized form of the Indo Aryan Panchanada meaning five rivers Many have cognates in Avestan The same names were often imposed on different rivers as the Vedic culture migrated eastward from around Afghanistan where they stayed for a considerable time to mainland India via Punjab 2 List EditMultiple hydronyms are located in the Rigvedic corpus they are slotted according to rough geographical locations following the scheme of Michael Witzel 2 Alongside opinions of scholars about modern correlates are provided 4 5 Indus Sindhu Identified with Indus 4 The central lifeline of RV 5 Northwestern Rivers Tr ṣṭa ma Blazek identifies with Gilgit 4 Witzel notes it to be unidentified 2 Susartu Unidentified Anitabha Unidentified Rasa Described once to be on the upper Indus at other times a mythical entity 4 Mehatnu A tributary of Gomati 4 Unidentifiable 2 Svetya Unidentified Kubha Identified with Kabul river Krumu Identified with Kurrum Suva stu Identified with Swat Gomati Identified with Gomal Sarayu Harōiiu Blazek identifies with Sarju 4 Witzel identifies with Hari 2 Kuṣava Probably Kunar Yavya vati Noted to be a branch of Gomati Witzel as well as Blazek identifies with Zhob River 4 2 Dahnhardt comments it to be synonymous to Yamuna or flowing very close to it 5 but Witzel had rejected a similar take by Talgeri Eastern tributaries Suṣoma Identified with Soan Arjikiya Blazek identifies with Haro 4 Witzel speculates it to be Poonch or Tawi 2 Rivers of Punjab Vitasta Identified with Jhelum Asikni Identified with Chenab Paruṣṇi Probably Ravi Vipas Vipasi Vipasa Identified with Beas Sutudri Identified with Sutlej Marudvr dha Identified with Mahuvardhavan 4 Haryana Sarasvati 6 Apaya and Apaya Streams rivers of Sarasvati basin 4 Dr ṣadvati 4 5 7 Eastern Rivers Asmanvati Identified with Assan Yamuna Identified with Yamuna Aṃsumati Probably an epithet for Yamuna 4 Gaṅga Identified with Ganges See also Edit Wikiquote has quotations related to Rigvedic rivers Ap water Aryan migration Nadistuti sukta Old European hydronymy Out of India theory Rigvedic deities River goddess Samudra Zhetysu 7 rivers of Central AsiaReferences Edit Wilson H H 27 August 2021 Rig Veda 1 35 8 English translation www wisdomlib org Retrieved 22 May 2022 a b c d e f g h Witzel Michael 1998 Aryan and non Aryan Names in Vedic India Data for the linguistic situation c 1900 500 B C In Bronkhorst James Deshpande Madhav eds Aryans and Non Non Aryans Evidence Interpretation and Ideology Harvard Oriental Series Cambridge pp 337 404 Sapta Sinhavas The land of seven rivers PDF Dr M Aslamkhan a b c d e f g h i j k l Blazek Vaclav 2016 Hydronymia R gvedica Linguistica Brunensia Masaryk University 64 2 7 54 a b c d Dahnhardt Thomas Wolfgang Peter 2009 The descent of King Lion Some considerations on the relations between the Indus and other rivers in the sacred geography and culture of ancient India In Filippi Gian Giuseppe ed I fiumi sacri Indoasiatica Vol 6 Libreria Editrice Cafoscarina pp 189 208 ISBN 9788875432416 Kochhar Rajesh 1999 On the identity and chronology of the Ṛgvedic river Sarasvati in Roger Blench Matthew Spriggs eds Archaeology and Language III Artefacts languages and texts Routledge p 262 ISBN 0 415 10054 2 Kar Amal Ghose Bimal 1984 The Drishadvati River System of India An Assessment and New Findings The Geographical Journal 150 2 221 229 doi 10 2307 635000 ISSN 0016 7398 JSTOR 635000 Further reading EditGeneralBlazek Vaclav Hydronymia R gvedica In Linguistica Brunensia 2016 vol 64 iss 2 pp 7 54 ISSN 2336 4440 ISSN 1803 7410 Gherardo Gnoli De Zoroastre a Mani Quatre lecons au College de France Travaux de l Institut d Etudes Iraniennes de l Universite de la Sorbonne Nouvelle 11 Paris 1985 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Rigvedic rivers amp oldid 1121993500, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
