Coral Gables, Florida
Coral Gables is a city in Miami-Dade County, Florida, United States. The city is part of the Miami metropolitan area of South Florida and is located 7 miles (11 km) southwest of Downtown Miami. As of the 2020 U.S. census, it had a population of 49,248.[4]
Coral Gables | |
|---|---|
| City of Coral Gables | |
Coral Gables (in foreground) in April 2010. Downtown Miami is barely visible in the background. | |
Flag Seal | |
| Nicknames: "The City Beautiful", "The Gables" | |
Location of Coral Gables in Miami-Dade County, Florida (left) and of Miami-Dade County in Florida (right) | |
U.S. Census Bureau map showing city limits | |
| Coordinates: 25°43′00″N 80°16′20″W / 25.71667°N 80.27222°W | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Florida |
| County | Miami-Dade |
| Incorporated | April 29, 1925[1] |
| Government | |
| • Type | Council-manager |
| • Mayor | Vince Lago[2] |
| • Vice Mayor | Rhonda Anderson |
| • Commissioners | Melissa Castro, Kirk Menendez, and Ariel Fernandez |
| • City Manager | Peter Iglesias |
| • City clerk | Billy Y. Urquia |
| Area | |
| • Total | 37.31 sq mi (96.64 km2) |
| • Land | 12.93 sq mi (33.48 km2) |
| • Water | 24.38 sq mi (63.16 km2) |
| Elevation | 10 ft (2.8 m) |
| Population | |
| • Total | 49,248 |
| • Estimate (2022)[5] | 49,193 |
| • Rank | 61st in Florida |
| • Density | 3,804.56/sq mi (1,469.32/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC-5 (EST) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC-4 (EDT) |
| Area codes | 305, 786, 645 |
| FIPS code | 12-14250[6] |
| GNIS feature ID | 0280801[7] |
| Website | www.coralgables.com |
Coral Gables is known globally due to being home to the University of Miami, one of the nation's private research universities whose main campus spans 240 acres (0.97 km2) in the city.[8] With 16,479 faculty and staff as of 2021, the University of Miami is the largest employer in Coral Gables and second-largest employer in all of Miami-Dade County.[9]
The city is a Mediterranean-themed planned community[10][11] known for its historic and affluent character reinforced by its strict zoning, popular landmarks, and tourist sights.[12][13][14][15][16]
History edit
Coral Gables was formally incorporated as a city on April 29, 1925. It was and remains a planned community based on the popular early twentieth century City Beautiful Movement and is known for its strict zoning regulations.[17] The city was developed by George Merrick, a real estate developer from Pennsylvania, during the Florida land boom of the 1920s. The city's architecture is almost entirely Mediterranean Revival style, mandated in the original plan,[18] with an emphasis on Spanish influence in particular, such as the Coral Gables Congregational Church, donated by Merrick. The domed Catholic Church of the Little Flower was built somewhat later, in a similar Spanish Renaissance style.
Early in the city's planning and development, Merrick shared his vision for Coral Gables as "a most extraordinary opportunity for the building of 'Castles in Spain'," as explored in Coral Gables historian Arva Moore Parks' 2006 book George Merrick's Coral Gables: Where Your 'Castles in Spain' are Made Real.[19] Merrick's success in executing this vision for the city would catch the attention of Spain's King, Alfonso XIII, who awarded Merrick the Order of Isabella the Catholic for his support of Spanish culture in Coral Gables.[20][21]
By 1926, the city covered 10,000 acres (4,000 ha) and had netted $150 million in sales, with over $100 million spent on development.[22] That year also saw the opening of the Biltmore Hotel and Golf Course, a major landmark in city.
Merrick meticulously designed the city with distinct zones. For example, he designed the Downtown commercial district to be only four blocks wide and more than 2 miles (3.2 km) long. The main artery, now known as Miracle Mile, bisected the business district. Merrick could boast that every business in Coral Gables was less than a two-block walk. The city used to have an electric trolley system, which was ended as a result of the growing usage of automobiles,[23] but now a new free circulator trolley system, initiated in November 2003, runs down Ponce de León Boulevard. Another distinctive and character-defining feature of the city planned by Merrick are the themed Coral Gables Villages that date to the 1920s and were designed to expand the city's architecture beyond Spanish influence to include Italian, French, and Dutch South African among others.
In 1925, roughly simultaneous to the founding of Coral Gables, the University of Miami was constructed on 240 acres (97 ha) of land just west of U.S. Route 1, approximately two miles south of Downtown Coral Gables. By the fall of 1926, the first class of 372 students enrolled at the university.[24]
During World War II, many Navy pilots and mechanics were trained and housed in Coral Gables.
Coral Gables has traditionally placed high priority on historic preservation. The city passed its first preservation ordinance in 1973 as many of its founding structures from the 1920s began to reach their 50th anniversaries.[25] Further ordinances were enacted in the 1980s establishing the Historic Preservation Board and in the 1990s establishing the Historic Preservation Department, now called the Historical Resources & Cultural Arts Department.[25] As part of the city's historic preservation program the Historical Resources Department is tasked with researching and identifying significant properties and local landmarks for listing in the Coral Gables Registry of Historic Places as well as on national historic registers. The department also reviews modifications to locally designated landmarks and initiates grant proposals. The Historic Preservation Board is a quasi-judicial body that votes on local landmark designations and other issues pertaining to the historic character of the city.
Geography edit
Coral Gables is located at 25°43′42″N 80°16′16″W / 25.728228°N 80.270986°W.[26] It is bordered on the west by Red Road (West 57th Avenue) north of Sunset Drive (South 72nd Street) and West 49th Avenue and Old Cutler Roads south of Sunset Drive. It is bordered on the north by Tamiami Trail/U.S. Route 41 (South 8th Street), except for a small section that extends north of 8th Street for eight blocks between Ponce de Leon Boulevard and Douglas Road (West 37th Avenue).
On the east, it is bordered by Douglas Road (West 37th Avenue) north of South 26th Street, Monegro Street south of South 26th Street to Cadima Avenue, Ponce De Leon Boulevard south of Cadima Avenue to South Dixie Highway (U.S. Route 1), LeJeune Road (West 42nd Avenue) south of U.S. 1 to Battersea Road, and by Biscayne Bay south of Battersea Road. On the south, it is bordered by the Charles Deering Estate.
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 37.2 square miles (96 km2) of which 13.1 square miles (34 km2) is land and 24.0 square miles (62 km2) (64.64%) is water.
Demographics edit
| Census | Pop. | Note | %± |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1930 | 5,697 | — | |
| 1940 | 8,294 | 45.6% | |
| 1950 | 19,837 | 139.2% | |
| 1960 | 34,793 | 75.4% | |
| 1970 | 42,494 | 22.1% | |
| 1980 | 43,241 | 1.8% | |
| 1990 | 40,091 | −7.3% | |
| 2000 | 42,249 | 5.4% | |
| 2010 | 46,780 | 10.7% | |
| 2020 | 49,248 | 5.3% | |
| 2022 (est.) | 49,193 | −0.1% | |
| U.S. Decennial Census[27] 1930–1970[28] 1980[29] 1990[30] 2000[31] 2010[32] 2020[4] 2022[5] | |||
| Historical demographics | 2020[4] | 2010[32] | 2000[31] | 1990[30] | 1980[29] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| White (Non-Hispanic) | 30.6% | 40.1% | 47.7% | 53.2% | 65.1% |
| Hispanic or Latino | 58.8% | 53.6% | 46.6% | 41.8% | 29.6% |
| Black or African American (Non-Hispanic) | 4.8% | 2.5% | 3.1% | 3.1% | 4.0% |
| Asian and Pacific Islander (Non-Hispanic) | 2.6% | 2.7% | 1.7% | 1.7% | 1.3% |
| Native American (Non-Hispanic) | < 0.1% | < 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.1% | |
| Some other race (Non-Hispanic) | 0.7% | 0.2% | 0.2% | 0.1% | |
| Two or more races (Non-Hispanic) | 2.5% | 0.9% | 0.7% | N/A | N/A |
| Population | 49,248 | 46,780 | 42,249 | 40,091 | 43,241 |
| Demographic characteristics | 2020[33][34][35] | 2010[36][37][38] | 2000[39][40][41] | 1990[30] | 1980[29][42] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Households | 21,868 | 20,266 | 17,849 | 15,460 | 16,429 |
| Persons per household | 2.25 | 2.31 | 2.37 | 2.59 | 2.63 |
| Sex Ratio | 87.6 | 89.7 | 87.6 | 90.0 | 88.0 |
| Ages 0–17 | 16.6% | 17.9% | 17.4% | 15.5% | 17.2% |
| Ages 18–64 | 63.3% | 66.5% | 66.8% | 67.1% | 66.0% |
| Ages 65 + | 20.1% | 15.6% | 15.8% | 17.4% | 16.8% |
| Median age | 41.9 | 38.8 | 38.1 | 37.0 | 36.1 |
| Population | 49,248 | 46,780 | 42,249 | 40,091 | 43,241 |
| Economic indicators | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| 2017–21 American Community Survey | Coral Gables | Miami-Dade County | Florida |
| Median income[43] | $63,061 | $32,513 | $34,367 |
| Median household income[44] | $113,623 | $57,815 | $61,777 |
| Poverty Rate[45] | 7.5% | 15.7% | 13.1% |
| High school diploma[46] | 97.2% | 82.5% | 89.0% |
| Bachelor's degree[46] | 71.5% | 31.7% | 31.5% |
| Advanced degree[46] | 37.8% | 11.9% | 11.7% |
| Language spoken at home[note 1] | 2015[note 2] | 2010[note 3] | 2000[49] | 1990[50] | 1980[51] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| English | 40.0% | 39.4% | 43.1% | 51.8% | 63.4% |
| Spanish or Spanish Creole | 53.5% | 54.7% | 50.2% | 42.8% | 30.3% |
| Other Languages | 6.5% | 5.9% | 6.7% | 5.4% | 6.3% |
| Nativity | 2015[note 4] | 2010[note 5] | 2000[56][57] | 1990[58][50] | 1980[51] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| % population native-born | 61.5% | 62.3% | 62.1% | 64.4% | 69.9% |
| ... born in the United States | 57.5% | 58.3% | 58.8% | 61.2% | 67.9% |
| ... born in Puerto Rico or Island Areas | 2.0% | 2.0% | 1.8% | 1.6% | 2.0% |
| ... born to American parents abroad | 2.0% | 2.0% | 1.5% | 1.7% | |
| % population foreign-born[note 6] | 38.5% | 37.7% | 37.9% | 35.6% | 30.1% |
| ... born in Cuba | 15.0% | 16.4% | 19.2% | 20.3% | 15.1% |
| ... born in other countries | 23.5% | 21.3% | 18.7% | 15.3% | 15.0% |
As of 2010, there were 20,266 households, of which 11.4% were vacant. In 2000, 24.45% had children under the age of 18 living with them. In Coral Gables, 61.11% were family households, 17.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 38.89% were non-families. The average household size was 2.36, and the average household had 1.68 vehicles.
In 2015, estimated income figures for the city were as follows: median household income, $93,934; average household income, $150,808;[59] per capita income, $57,195. About 7.6% of citizens were estimated to be living below the poverty line.[60]
Tourism edit
Coral Gables is a pedestrian-friendly destination. Located four miles from Miami International Airport, the "City Beautiful" has around 140 dining establishments and gourmet shops, and many notable international retailers. Among Coral Gables landmarks are the Venetian Pool, Douglas Entrance, and Miami Biltmore hotel.
Media edit
The Miami Herald is the region's predominant daily newspaper. Coral Gables has one newspaper, Coral Gables News Tribune, which is published twice monthly and covers local and regional news and one weekly newspaper that is part of the portfolio of Miami Community Newspapers publications.[61]
At the University of Miami in Coral Gables, The Miami Hurricane, the official student newspaper, is published weekly each Tuesday.
Coral Gables is part of the Miami-area media market.
In popular culture edit
Numerous movies have been filmed fully or partially in Coral Gables, including Nude on the Moon (1961), Goldilocks and the Three Bares (1963), Jimmy, the Boy Wonder (1966), I Eat Your Skin (1971), Shock Waves (1977), Absence of Malice (1981), The Mean Season (1985), Miami Rhapsody (1995), Bad Boys (1995), The Perez Family (1995), Fair Game (1995), Two Much (1995), Blood and Wine (1996), Curdled (1996), Wild Things (1998), The Hours (2002), My Sexiest Year (2007), Dostna (2008), Posthumous (2012), and others.[62]
The city also is featured in television and video games, including:
- The 2014 indie point-and-click adventure game A Golden Wake is based on the founding and development of Coral Gables in the 1920s.[63]
- Also, in 2014, the comedy-drama television series Looking features a character named Augustin who is from Coral Gables.
- Coral Gables is the birthplace of Scott Lang (Ant-Man) and Dr. Curt Connors in Marvel Universe.[64]
Economy edit
Coral Gables holds several of the wealthiest Zip Codes (33156, 33143, 33133, and 33146)[65] and neighborhoods[66] in the United States, such as Hammock Oaks, Old Cutler Bay, Gables Estates, Tahiti Beach, Snapper Creek and Lakes, Cocoplum, and Gables By The Sea.[67]
Major economic contributors to Coral Gables include:
- The University of Miami, the largest employer in Coral Gables since the city's founding (16,479 faculty and staff employees as of 2022).[68]
- Baptist Hospital of Miami, the second-largest employer in Coral Gables.
- Bacardi, which has its United States headquarters with 300 employees at 2701 Le Jeune Road.[69]
- Capital Bank Financial
- Intelsat has its Latin American headquarters in Suite 1100 at One Alhambra Plaza.[70]
- Fresh Del Monte Produce has its headquarters in Coral Gables.[71]
- ExxonMobil has marine fuels operations in Suite 900 at One Alhambra Plaza in Coral Gables.[72]
- MasTec, Inc., the second-largest Hispanic-owned company in the nation,[73] is located at 800 South Douglas Road.[74]
- Odebrecht has over 300 employees at its location at 201 Alhambra Circle.[75]
- American Airlines maintains Ponce de Leon Travel Center at 901 Ponce De Leon Boulevard.[76]
- MoneyGram has its Miami Office in Coral Gables.[77]
- Dolphin Entertainment is an independent film studio that is located in Coral Gables.[78]
- FIFA opened up its North American headquarters in Coral Gables to help prepare for the 2026 FIFA World Cup, which will include Miami.[79]
Transportation edit
Coral Gables is served by Metrobus throughout the area, and by Miami Metrorail at:
- Douglas Road (SW 37th Avenue and U.S. 1)
- University (Stanford Drive and U.S. 1)
Coral Gables provides a free trolley service, with a trolley running a continuous circuit up and down Ponce de Leon Boulevard during the day.
Coral Gables is served by rapid transit on Douglas Road at Douglas Road station at the University of Miami at University Station near Sunset Drive and Red Road at South Miami station, which connects the city with Downtown Miami and Miami International Airport.
Diplomatic missions edit
Several countries operate consulates in Coral Gables, including Barbados, Colombia,[80] El Salvador,[81] Italy,[82] Peru, Spain,[83] Monaco, St. Lucia, and Uruguay.[84]
Several countries have honorary consulates located in Coral Gables, including Australia, Belize, Hungary, Senegal, St. Kitts & Nevis, Togo, and Thailand. The Taipei Economic and Cultural Office maintains Taiwan's diplomatic mission at 2333 Ponce De Leon Boulevard in Coral Gables.[85]
Education edit
University of Miami edit
The University of Miami, a private university ranked in the top tier of national universities,[86] with particular national status in the fields of business, engineering, law, marine science, medicine, communications, and music, is located in Coral Gables.[87]
Primary and secondary schools edit
Public schools edit
Coral Gables schools are part of Miami-Dade County Public Schools, which serves Miami-Dade County. The district has several high schools in Coral Gables, most notably Coral Gables Senior High School and International Studies Preparatory Academy, both of which educate students in grades nine through 12. It also has a K–8 school, Coral Gables Preparatory Academy (formerly Coral Gables Elementary School), with two campuses, including a historic campus located on Ponce de Leon Boulevard. Henry S. West Laboratory Elementary is another school for K–6. Finally it has two middle schools: George Washington Carver Middle School located on Lincoln Drive and Ponce de Leon Middle School located across from the University of Miami on the east side of U.S. Route 1 on Augusto Street. Present day George Washington Carver Middle was moved to the current location on Grand Avenue on land donated by George Merrick. When Carver died in 1942, the school was renamed in his honor.[88]
Private schools edit
Gulliver Academy, Marian C. Krutulis Campus, a PreK–8 school that is a member of Gulliver Schools, is within Coral Gables.[89] The management offices of Gulliver Schools were formerly located in Coral Gables.[90] The lower campus of Riviera Schools is located in Coral Gables.
The historic St. Theresa Catholic School, a Pre-K–8 school is located near Coral Gables Biltmore Hotel. St. Philip's Episcopal School, French-American School of Miami, and St. Thomas Episcopal Parish School, all Pre-K–5 schools, are also located in Coral Gables. Coral Gables Preparatory Academy, a private K-8 school, is located in Coral Gables.
Public libraries edit
Miami-Dade Public Library System operates Coral Gables Branch Library in Coral Gables.[91]
Notable people edit
- Marc Anthony, salsa singer
- Juan Alvarez, former professional pitcher for Anaheim Angels, Florida Marlins, and Texas Rangers
- Zach Banks, racing driver
- Dave Barry, Pulitzer Prize-winning humorist[92]
- Shane Battier, former professional basketball player, Houston Rockets, Memphis Grizzlies, and Miami Heat
- Bruce R. Berkowitz, mutual fund manager[93]
- Columba Bush, former First Lady of Florida
- Jeb Bush, 43rd Governor of Florida
- Marty Bystrom, former professional pitcher for the New York Yankees and Philadelphia Phillies
- Maxine Clark, founder of Build-a-Bear Workshop
- Colleen Corby, model
- Alice Dixson, actress, commercial model and former beauty queen
- Gail Edwards, actress, It's a Living, Blossom, Full House
- Gus Gandarillas, former professional pitcher for Milwaukee Brewers
- Juan Ramón Jiménez, Nobel Prize-winning author
- Dane Johnson, former professional pitcher for Chicago White Sox, Oakland Athletics, and Toronto Blue Jays
- José José, pop singer[94]
- Nancy Kopp, former Treasurer of Maryland
- Soia Mentschikoff, legal scholar and law professor at Harvard Law School
- Marilyn Milian, judge, The People's Court
- Thurston Moore, singer, songwriter and guitarist of Sonic Youth
- Alonzo Mourning, former basketball player for Charlotte Hornets, Miami Heat, and New Jersey Nets
- Jesús Permuy, architect, human rights advocate, businessman and radio host
- Mimi Rogers, actress
- Jon Secada, Latin pop singer
- Roy Sekoff, founding editor Huffington Post
- George D. Shea, U.S. Army major general[95]
- Pamela Smart, murderer convicted in notorious case
- Oliver Sollitt, Illinois state representative and businessman
- Jonathan Vilma, former professional football player, New Orleans Saints and New York Jets[96]
- Lester J. Whitlock, U.S. Army major general[97]
- Dewing Woodward, artist, philanthropist and first art professor at the University of Miami
Places of interest edit
Festivals and events edit
- Festival of Art, University of Miami, held in January[98]
- Carnival on the Mile, Miracle Mile, held in February/March[99]
- Junior Orange Bowl Festival, held in December–January[100]
Gallery edit
-
Miracle Mile in Downtown Coral Gables
-
Miracle Theater on Miracle Mile
-
Typical residential street in Coral Gables
-
DeSoto Fountain
-
Coral Gables City Hall with its statue of Merrick
-
Venetian Pool is a Coral Gables public swimming pool.
-
Giralda Avenue in Coral Gables
-
Giralda Plaza
-
-
Alhambra Water Tower
-
-
Miracle Theater on Miracle Mile
-
Gardens at Merrick Park
-
Ponce de Leon Boulevard
-
Downtown Coral Gables along Alhambra Circle
Sister cities edit
Coral Gables' sister cities are:[101]
- Aix-en-Provence, France
- Antigua Guatemala, Guatemala
- Cartagena, Colombia
- Quito, Ecuador
- San Isidro, Argentina
- Santa Tecla, El Salvador
- Seville, Spain
Notes edit
- ^ Language spoken at home among residents at least five years old; only languages (or language groups) which at least 2% of residents have spoken at any time since 1980 are mentioned
- ^ Refers to 2013–2017 American Community Survey data;[47] the last Decennial Census where language data was collected was in the 2000 census
- ^ Refers to 2008–2012 American Community Survey data;[48] the last Decennial Census where language data was collected was in the 2000 census
- ^ Refers to 2013–2017 American Community Survey data;[52][53] the last Decennial Census where foreign-born population data was collected was in the 2000 census
- ^ Refers to 2008–2012 American Community Survey data;[54][55] the last Decennial Census where foreign-born population data was collected was in the 2000 census
- ^ Only countries of birth which at least 3% of residents were born in at any time since 1980 were born in are mentioned
References edit
- ^ . Coral Gables Garden Club. Archived from the original on September 8, 2013. Retrieved May 16, 2013.
- ^ "Coral Gables elects Vince Lago as city's new mayor". April 14, 2021.
- ^ "2020 U.S. Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved October 31, 2021.
- ^ a b c d "P2: HISPANIC OR LATINO, AND NOT ... - Census Bureau Table". P2 | HISPANIC OR LATINO, AND NOT HISPANIC OR LATINO BY RACE. U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved June 21, 2023.
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- ^ "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 31, 2008.
- ^ "US Board on Geographic Names". United States Geological Survey. October 25, 2007. Retrieved January 31, 2008.
- ^ . McDonald Communications. Archived from the original on November 22, 2010. Retrieved February 7, 2010.
- ^ "Largest employers in South Florida", South Florida Business Journal, September 24, 2021
- ^ "About Coral Gables". City of Coral Gables.
- ^ "Coral Gables, Florida". www.achp.gov. Advisory Council on Historic Preservation.
- ^ Ogle, Connie (September 5, 2019). "Coral Gables bucket list". The Miami Herald.
- ^ Iannelli, Jerry. "Coral Gables Mayor Says Trailer Park "Will Disappear" and Be Replaced With Nicer Homes". www.miaminewtimes.com. Miami New Times.
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- ^ Franker, Kara. "CORAL GABLES IS BRIMMING WITH ART, CULTURE AND HISTORY". miamiandbeaches.com/. Greater Miami Convention & Visitors Bureau.
- ^ "CORAL GABLES: THE CITY BEAUTIFUL". miamiandbeaches.com/. Greater Miami Convention & Visitors Bureau.
- ^ "Third District Court of Appeal" (PDF). August 22, 2007. Retrieved March 6, 2011.
- ^ Federal Writers' Project (1939), Florida. A Guide to the Southernmost State, New York: Oxford University Press, p. 211
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- ^ Martinez Carbonell, Karelia (October 26, 2020). "George E. Merrick was above all a good man". www.communitynewspapers.com. Miami's Community Newspapers.
- ^ Freeland, Helen C. "George Edgar Merrick" (PDF). www.digitalcollections.fiu.edu. Florida International University Digital Collections.
- ^ Williams, Linda K.; George, Paul S. . Historical Museum of Southern Florida. Archived from the original on April 29, 2010. Retrieved March 6, 2011.
- ^ Lauredo, Michael Anthony (November 2018). "Trolley-Ho! The History of Coral Gables Electric Trolley System". Coral Gables Museum.
- ^ Berlow, Grade (April 23, 1950). . Miami News. p. 44. Archived from the original on September 4, 2015. Retrieved February 7, 2010.
- ^ a b "Preserving Our Past: A Guide to Historic Preservation in Coral Gables" (PDF). www.coralgables.com. Coral Gables Historical Resources & Cultural Arts Department.
- ^ "US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990". United States Census Bureau. February 12, 2011. Retrieved April 23, 2011.
- ^ "U.S. Census Bureau". U.S. Census Bureau. U.S. Census Bureau.
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- ^ a b "P2: HISPANIC OR LATINO, AND NOT ... - Census Bureau Table". P2 | HISPANIC OR LATINO, AND NOT HISPANIC OR LATINO BY RACE. U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved June 21, 2023.
- ^ "H1 | OCCUPANCY STATUS". H1: OCCUPANCY STATUS - Census Bureau Table. U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved June 21, 2023.
- ^ "P12 | SEX BY AGE FOR SELECTED AGE CATEGORIES". P12: SEX BY AGE FOR SELECTED ... - Census Bureau Table. U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved June 21, 2023.
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- ^ "H1 | OCCUPANCY STATUS". H1: OCCUPANCY STATUS - Census Bureau Table. U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved June 21, 2023.
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- ^ "P13 | MEDIAN AGE BY SEX". P13: MEDIAN AGE BY SEX - Census Bureau Table. U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved June 21, 2023.
- ^ "H003 | OCCUPANCY STATUS [3]". H003: OCCUPANCY STATUS [3] - Census Bureau Table. U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved June 21, 2023.
- ^ "P012 | SEX BY AGE [49]". P012: SEX BY AGE [49] - Census Bureau Table. U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved June 21, 2023.
- ^ "P013 | MEDIAN AGE BY SEX [3]". P13: MEDIAN AGE BY SEX [3] - Census Bureau Table. U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved June 21, 2023.
- ^ "General Population Characteristics FLORIDA 1980 Census of Population" (PDF). 07553445v1chA-Cpt11sec1ch002.pdf. U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved June 21, 2023.
- ^ "S2001: EARNINGS IN THE PAST 12 ... - Census Bureau Table". S2001 | EARNINGS IN THE PAST 12 MONTHS (IN 2021 INFLATION-ADJUSTED DOLLARS). U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved June 21, 2023.
- ^ "S1901: INCOME IN THE PAST 12 MONTHS ... - Census Bureau Table". S1901 | INCOME IN THE PAST 12 MONTHS (IN 2021 INFLATION-ADJUSTED DOLLARS). U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved June 21, 2023.
- ^ "S1701: POVERTY STATUS IN THE PAST ... - Census Bureau Table". S1701 | POVERTY STATUS IN THE PAST 12 MONTHS. U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved June 21, 2023.
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