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Wikipedia

Carly Fiorina

January 23, 2023

Cara Carleton "Carly" Fiorina (née Sneed; born September 6, 1954) is an American businesswoman and politician, known primarily for her tenure as CEO of Hewlett-Packard (HP). As chief executive officer of HP from 1999 to 2005, Fiorina was the first woman to lead a Fortune Top-20 company.[1]

Carly Fiorina
Fiorina at the Conservative Political Action Conference in February 2017
Born
Cara Carleton Sneed

(1954-09-06) September 6, 1954 (age 68)
Austin, Texas, U.S.
EducationStanford University (BA)
University of California, Los Angeles
University of Maryland, College Park (MBA)
Massachusetts Institute of
Technology (MS)
Occupations
  • Businesswoman
  • politician
  • financier
  • broker
OrganizationGood360
Political partyRepublican
Board member ofColonial Williamsburg Foundation
Spouse(s)Todd Bartlem (1977–1984)
Frank Fiorina
​
(m. 1985)​
Children2 stepdaughters
RelativesJoseph Sneed (father)
WebsiteCampaign website
Signature

In 2002, Fiorina oversaw what was then the largest technology sector merger in history, in which HP acquired rival personal computer manufacturer, Compaq. The transaction made HP the world's largest seller of personal computers.[2][3] HP subsequently laid off 30,000 U.S. employees. Nonetheless, the number of employees exceeded the pre-merger figure and grew to 150,000 during her tenure.[4][5][6] In February 2005, she was forced to resign as CEO and chair following a boardroom disagreement.[7][8][9] She subsequently served as Chair of the philanthropic organization Good360.[10][11]

Fiorina ran unsuccessfully for the United States Senate in 2010 and the Republican presidential nomination in 2016. Fiorina was an adviser to Republican Senator John McCain's 2008 presidential campaign. In 2010, she won the Republican nomination for the United States Senate in California, but lost the general election to incumbent Democrat Barbara Boxer.[12][13] Fiorina was a candidate in the 2016 Republican presidential primary, and was for seven days the vice-presidential running mate of Ted Cruz until he suspended his campaign.

Early life and education

Cara Carleton Sneed was born on September 6, 1954, in Austin, Texas, the daughter of Madelon Montross (née Juergens) and Joseph Tyree Sneed III.[14] The name "Carleton", from which "Carly" is derived, has been used in every generation of the Sneed family since the Civil War.[15] At the time of her birth, Fiorina's father was a professor at the University of Texas School of Law.[16][17][18] He would later become dean of Duke University School of Law, Deputy U.S. Attorney General, and judge on the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit.[19] Her mother was an abstract painter.[20] She is mainly of English and German ancestry,[21] and was raised Episcopalian.[21] Her paternal great-great-great-grandfather, Joseph P. Sneed, was a Methodist minister and educator in Texas. Her paternal great-great-great-great-uncle built the Constantine Sneed House in Brentwood, Tennessee, which is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Carly was a Brownie but did not become a Girl Scout due to her family's frequent moves.[22] She attended Channing School, in London. She later attended five different high schools, including one in Ghana,[23] graduating from Charles E. Jordan High School in Durham, North Carolina. At one time she aspired to be a classical pianist.[24] She received a Bachelor of Arts in philosophy and medieval history at Stanford University, in 1976. During her summers, she worked as a secretary for Kelly Services.[25] She attended the UCLA School of Law in 1976, but dropped out[26] after one semester. She worked as a receptionist for six months at a real estate firm, Marcus & Millichap, moving up to a broker position. When she married in 1977, she and her husband moved to Bologna, Italy, where he was doing graduate work;[27] there she did English tutoring to Italian businessmen.[21][28]

In 1980, Fiorina received a Master of Business Administration, in marketing, from the Robert H. Smith School of Business at the University of Maryland, College Park. In 1989 she obtained a Master of Science degree in management from the MIT Sloan School of Management, under the Sloan Fellows program.[29]

Business career

AT&T and Lucent

See also: Lucent Technologies

In 1980, Fiorina joined AT&T as a management trainee, selling telephone services to big federal agencies.[30] In 1990, she became the company's first female officer as senior vice president overseeing the company's hardware and systems division,[31] eventually heading its North American operations.[31][32]

In 1995, Fiorina led corporate operations for Lucent Technologies, Inc., a spin-off from AT&T of its Western Electric and Bell Labs divisions into a new company.[33] In that capacity, she reported to Lucent chief executive Henry B. Schacht.[34] She played a key role in planning and implementing the 1996 initial public offering of a successful stock and company launch strategy.[31][35][36] The spin-off became one of the most successful IPOs in U.S. history, raising US$3 billion.[30][33]

Later in 1996, Fiorina was appointed president of Lucent's consumer products sector.[35] In 1997, she was named group president for Lucent's US$19 billion global service-provider business, overseeing marketing and sales for the company's largest customer segment.[31][37] That year, Fiorina chaired a US$2.5 billion joint venture between Lucent's consumer communications and Royal Philips Electronics, under the name Philips Consumer Communications (PCC).[38][39] In the edition of October 12, 1998, of Fortune magazine, Fiorina was named "The Most Powerful Woman in American Business".[30]

Lucent added 22,000 jobs and revenues grew from US$19 billion to US$38 billion and the company's market share increased in every region for every product.[33][40] According to Fortune magazine, Lucent increased sales by lending money to their own customers, writing that "In a neat bit of accounting magic, money from the loans began to appear on Lucent's income statement as new revenue while the dicey debt got stashed on its balance sheet as an allegedly solid asset".[40] Lucent's stock price grew 10-fold.[40]

Hewlett-Packard (HP)

Hiring

 
Fiorina as CEO and Chair of the Board of Hewlett-Packard, August 2, 2004.

In July 1999, Hewlett-Packard Company named Fiorina chief executive officer, succeeding Lewis Platt and prevailing over the internal candidate Ann Livermore.[41] Matthew Boyle of Fortune magazine said of Fiorina's hiring as HP's first woman CEO that, "Carly Fiorina didn't just break the glass ceiling, she obliterated it, as the first woman to lead a FORTUNE 20 company."[42][43][44]

Writing in Fortune magazine in August 2015, Jeffrey Sonnenfeld described the hiring as the result of "a dysfunctional HP board committee, filled with its own poisoned politics, hired her with no CEO experience, nor interviews with the full board."[45] Fiorina received a larger signing offer than any of her predecessors, including: US$65 million in restricted stock to compensate her for the Lucent stock and options she left behind,[40] a US$3 million signing bonus, a US$1 million annual salary (plus a US$1.25–US$3.75 million annual bonus), US$36,000 in mortgage assistance, a relocation allowance, and permission (and encouragement) to use company planes for personal affairs.[46] Fortune also named her the most powerful woman in America for five consecutive years.[47]

Separating Agilent Technologies from HP and proposed PWC acquisition

Although the decision to spin off the company's analytical instruments division pre-dated her arrival, one of her first major responsibilities as chief executive was overseeing the separation of the unit into the stand-alone Agilent Technologies.[48] Fiorina proposed the acquisition of the technology services arm of PricewaterhouseCoopers for almost US$14 billion, but withdrew the bid after a lackluster reception from Wall Street.[49] Following the collapse of the dot-com bubble, the PwC consulting arm was acquired by IBM for less than US$4 billion. HP later acquired Electronic Data Systems, another technology services company, which some considered a validation of Fiorina's strategy.[50][51]

Compaq merger

In early September 2001, in the wake of the bursting of the Tech Bubble, Fiorina announced the acquisition of PC maker Compaq with US$25 billion in stock,[7] which, at the time, was the second largest producer of personal computers, after Dell.[7] HP stock traded down by 30% on the news of the merger.[7] The Compaq merger created the world's largest personal computer manufacturer in terms of units shipped.[52][53][54]

Fiorina was frequently at odds with HP's board of directors,[46][55] and she had to fight with the board for the merger. Walter Hewlett (the son of company co-founder William Hewlett) was a source of particularly strong opposition.[55][56] Hewlett originally voted with the other board members to approve the Compaq deal, but he later changed his mind.[7] He launched a proxy fight against Fiorina's efforts which Fiorina won with a "razor-thin margin" of 51.4% of the shareholders, with the institutional shareholders providing the bulk of the support.[7][57] Fiorina was supported in the proxy battle by other board members,[7] including Richard Hackborn, Philip M. Condit,[58] George A. Keyworth, II,[59] and Robert Knowling.[7] Fiorina proceeded to reorganize HP and merge the parts of it that she kept with Compaq.[60]

The merger was met initially with almost universal skepticism.[61] The February 7, 2005 issue of Fortune described her merger plan as "failing" and the prognosis as "doubtful".[62] Business professor Robert Burgelman and former HP executive vice president, Webb McKinney, who led HP's post-merger integration team, analyzed the merger and concluded that it was ultimately successful.[63] In 2008, former acting CEO of Compaq Ben Rosen stated that although Fiorina lacked the skills to run the merged company, her successors made it work.[61] HP was able to integrate Compaq's operations and emerge as the world's largest seller of personal computers. The industry soon fell into decline, leading to further difficulties for the company. HP eventually wrote off US$1.2 billion from the acquisition as the personal computer market declined.[64] Looking back, a 2011 The New York Times article described it as "one of the more questionable deals of the time."[65]

Allegations of sales to Iran despite sanctions

See also: Hewlett Packard § Sales to Iran despite sanctions

In 1997, prior to Fiorina's joining the company, HP's Dutch subsidiary formed a partnership with a company in Dubai, Redington Gulf, which sold HP's products in Iran.[66] Under Fiorina's leadership at HP, the company sold millions of dollars worth of printers and computer products to Iran through the foreign subsidiary, while U.S. export sanctions were in effect.[67][68] After the story was initially reported by The Boston Globe in 2008,[69] the SEC sent a letter of inquiry to HP, who responded that products worth US$120 million were sold in fiscal 2008[70] arguing that the sales did not violate export sanctions because they were made through a foreign subsidiary.[66] According to former officials who worked on sanctions, HP was using a loophole by routing their sales through a foreign subsidiary.[66] HP ended its relationship with Redington Gulf after the SEC inquiry.[66]

Providing HP servers to the NSA

In a September 2015 interview with Michael Isikoff, Fiorina said that, in the weeks following the September 11 terrorist attacks in 2001, she received a phone call from Michael Hayden, then the director of the National Security Agency, asking her assistance in providing HP computer servers to the NSA for expanded surveillance.[71] Hayden confirmed that he had made the request for HP servers as part of Stellar Wind, a 2001–2007 NSA warrantless surveillance program, but the details were not revealed to Fiorina at the time.[71] Fiorina "acknowledged she complied with Hayden's request, redirecting trucks of HP computer servers that were on their way to retail stores from a warehouse in Tennessee to the Washington Beltway, where they were escorted by NSA security" to the agency's Fort Meade headquarters. In 2015, Fiorina said: "I felt it was my duty to help, and so we did," adding, "They were ramping up a whole set of programs and needed a lot of data crunching capability to try and monitor a whole set of threats. ... What I knew at the time was our nation had been attacked."[71] Hayden also requested that Fiorina provide advice to the agency "on how the CIA could maintain its undercover espionage mission in a culture of increasing government leaks and demands for greater public accountability and openness." According to Fiorina, she advised the agency to be "as transparent as possible, about as much as possible".[71]

Changes to HP culture

Fiorina's predecessor at HP had pushed for an outsider to replace him because he believed that the company had become complacent and that consensus-driven decision making was inhibiting the company's growth. Fiorina instituted three major changes shortly after her arrival: replacing profit sharing with bonuses awarded if the company met financial expectations, a reduction in operating units from 83 to 12, and consolidating back-office functions.[7]

Fiorina faced a backlash among HP employees and the tech community for her leading role in the demise of HP's egalitarian "The HP Way" work culture and guiding philosophy,[46][55][72] which she felt hindered innovation.[46][73] Because of changes to HP's culture, and requests for voluntary pay cuts to prevent layoffs (subsequently followed by the largest layoffs in HP's history), employee satisfaction surveys at HP – previously among the highest in America – revealed "widespread unhappiness" and distrust,[46][74] and Fiorina was sometimes booed at company meetings and attacked on HP's electronic bulletin board.[46]

According to The Fiscal Times, Fiorina and others have argued that she "laid the groundwork for some of HP's progress under her successors", and that she shook the culture at HP so that it could compete in the Internet Age.[75]

iPod+HP

Main article: iPod+HP

In January 2004, Fiorina announced an agreement with Apple founder Steve Jobs for the iPod+HP – a co-branded iPod sold through HP's retail channels.[76] As part of the agreement, HP was forbidden from selling a competitor to the iPod until August 2006 and HP agreed to pre-install iTunes on every computer sold.[77] Two days before Fiorina announced the HP+iPod, Jobs announced a new product, the iPod mini, catching Fiorina off guard.[78] HP did not sell the newer versions of the iPod in a timely fashion, leaving them to sell an outdated device for several months. In addition, Apple began selling its own iPods through the same retail channels.[77] As a result, at the peak of the program, iPod+HP sales represented only a small portion of total iPod sales.[79] In July 2005, soon after Fiorina resigned as CEO, her successor Mark Hurd ended HP's agreement with Apple, within days of taking office,[80] a "highly symbolic decision" that was well-received as a return to innovation by HP.[81][82]

Steven Levy, writing in 2015 on the agreement, wrote that "Steve Jobs blithely mugged her and HP's shareholders. By getting Fiorina to adopt the iPod as HP's music player, Jobs had effectively gotten his [iTunes] software installed on millions of computers for free, stifled his main competitor, and gotten a company that prided itself on invention to declare that Apple was a superior inventor. And he lost nothing ..."[83]

Layoffs

In January 2001, HP laid off 1,700 marketing employees.[84] In June 2001, Fiorina asked employees to either take pay cuts or use their allotted vacation time to cut additional costs, resulting in more than 80,000 people signing up and saving HP US$130 million.[85] Despite these efforts from employees, in July Fiorina announced that 6,000 jobs would be cut, the biggest reduction in the company's 64-year history,[86][87] but those cuts would not actually occur until after the Compaq merger was announced.[88] In September 2001, Fiorina said she intended to cut an additional 15,000 jobs in the event of a merger with Compaq.[86][89]

In all, Fiorina laid off 30,000 U.S. employees.[5][90] According to PolitiFact, those 30,000 layoffs were "as a result of the merger with Compaq...."[5] By 2004 the number of HP employees was about the same as the pre-merger total of HP and Compaq combined, and that 2004 number included roughly 8,000 employees of other companies acquired by HP since 2001.[5][91][92] Altogether, under Fiorina's leadership, HP had a net gain of employees, including employees from mergers as well as hires in countries outside the United States.[6]

In 1999, when Fiorina became CEO of HP, the company had 84,800 employees.[92] After the merger with Compaq, the company had a total of 145,000 employees worldwide.[93] At the time of her resignation in 2005, after HP had acquired several other companies, HP had about 150,000 employees.[5]

Forced resignation

HP's revenue doubled and the rate of patent filings increased due to mergers with Compaq and other companies during Fiorina's stint as CEO.[94][95] In addition, HP's cash flow increased by 40%, to around $6.8 billion.[96][97] However, the company underperformed by a number of other metrics: there were no gains in HP's net income despite a 70% gain in net income of the S&P 500 over this period;[94] the company's debt rose from US$4.25 billion to US$6.75 billion;[94] and its stock price fell by 50%, exceeding declines in the S&P 500 Information Technology Sector index and the NASDAQ.[94][98] By contrast, stock prices for IBM and Dell fell by 27.5% and 3% respectively during this time.[98] The Compaq acquisition was not as transformative as Fiorina and the board had envisioned: in the merger proxy, they had forecasted that the PC division of the merged entities would generate an operating margin of 3.0% in 2003, while the actual figure was 0.1% in that year and 0.9% in 2004.[7]

In 2004, HP fell dramatically short of its predicted third-quarter earnings, and Fiorina fired three executives during a 5 AM telephone call.[46] In early January 2005, the Hewlett-Packard board of directors discussed with Fiorina a list of issues that the board had regarding the company's performance and disappointing earning reports.[7][8][9] The board proposed a plan to shift her authority to HP division heads, which Fiorina resisted strongly.[9] A week after the meeting, the confidential plan was leaked to The Wall Street Journal.[99] According to BusinessWeek's Ben Elgin, directors were also concerned about the board's inability to work effectively with Fiorina.[100]

Less than a month later, the board brought back Tom Perkins and forced Fiorina to resign as chair and chief executive officer of the company.[101] The company's stock jumped 6.9 percent on news of her departure, adding almost three billion dollars to the value of HP in a single day.[102][103]

In her book Tough Choices, she referred to board members' behavior as "amateurish and immature".[104] Larry Sonsini, who investigated the leak related to Fiorina's forced resignation, described the board in his report to Fiorina as being "dysfunctional."[104]

On May 13, 2008, HP, under then-Chief Executive Mark Hurd, confirmed that it had reached a deal to buy Electronic Data Systems, the largest since the Compaq purchase. The price was a reported $12.6 billion.[105] At the time of the announcement, Loren Steffy of The Houston Chronicle suggested that the EDS acquisition after Fiorina's tenure was evidence that her failed plan to acquire part of Pricewaterhouse Coopers was justified.[106]

Under the company's agreement with Fiorina, which was characterized as a golden parachute by Time magazine,[107] and Yahoo! Finance,[108] Fiorina received a severance package valued at US$21 million, which consisted of 2.5 times her annual salary plus bonus and the balance from accelerated vesting of stock options.[7][109] According to Fortune magazine, Fiorina collected over US$100 million in compensation during her short tenure at HP.[45]

Business leadership image

In 2003, Fiorina was named by Fortune Magazine the most powerful woman in business, a position she held for five years.[7][110][111] In 2004, she was included in the Time 100 ranking of "most influential people in the world today"[112] and named tenth on the Forbes list of The World's 100 Most Powerful Women.[113] In 2005, The Wall Street Journal described Fiorina as the epitome of "an alluring, controversial new breed of chief executive officers who combine grand visions with charismatic but self-centered and demanding styles".[114] The same year, Wharton School of Business professor Michael Useem opined, "Fiorina scored high on leadership style, but she failed to execute strategy".[115]

Following her forced resignation from HP, several commentators ranked Fiorina as one of the worst American (or tech) CEOs of all time.[116][117][118] In 2008, InfoWorld grouped her with a list of products and ideas that flopped, declaring that her tenure as CEO of HP was the sixth worst tech flop of all time, and characterizing her as the "anti-Steve Jobs" for reversing the goodwill of "geeks" and alienating existing customers.[119][120] During Fiorina's tenure as CEO, HP leased or purchased five planes, including two Gulfstream IVs, to replace four aging aircraft, only one of which had the range to fly overseas.[121][122] One Gulfstream IV, acquired at a cost of US$30 million and available for Fiorina's "exclusive" use,[123] became a rallying point among HP employees who complained of Fiorina's expensive self-promotion and top-down managerial style during a time of company layoffs.[7][86][122] Jeffrey Sonnenfeld of Yale School of Management said in August 2015 that problems with Fiorina's leadership style were what caused HP to lose half its value during her tenure.[45]

Others have defended her business leadership decisions and viewed the Compaq merger as successful over the long term.[106][124][125][126]

Transition of career and public persona

Autobiography

In October 2006, Fiorina published an autobiography entitled Tough Choices, about her career and her views on issues, what constitutes a leader, how women can thrive in business, and the role technology will continue to play in reshaping the world. A review by NPR Books noted that "The book covers Fiorina's rise and fall as America's most powerful female executive."[127]

Earlier books by others about Fiorina's role in the merger at HP included: Backfire, (2003)[128] by Peter Burrows, and Perfect Enough: Carly Fiorina and the Reinvention of Hewlett-Packard, (2003),[129] by George Anders. A 2003 review by The New York Times of these books said, "Two new books about the deal and its main champion – Hewlett-Packard's chair and chief executive officer, Carly Fiorina – show that there is much investors can glean immediately from this merger."[130]

Other organizational involvement

In October 2007, Fiorina signed with the Fox Business Network as a business commentator.[131]

After resigning from HP, Fiorina served on the board of Revolution Health Group[132] and computer security company Cybertrust in 2005.[133] In 2006, she became a member of the board of directors for chip maker Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC),[134] but resigned from that board on November 30, 2009, with the company saying this was "because she planned to devote her full time and energy" to her Senate campaign.[135] She had attended 17% of the TSMC directors' meetings in 2009 and 20% of TSMC directors' meetings in 2008.[136][137] She served as a member of the MIT Corporation[138][139] from 2004 to 2012. She was a member of the Foundation Board of the World Economic Forum (WEF) in 2005.[8][140][141] She is an honorary fellow of the London Business School.[142] In July 2012, Governor Bob McDonnell of Virginia appointed her to the James Madison University Board of Visitors.[143][144] In 2015, Fiorina received an honorary degree and delivered the commencement address at Southern New Hampshire University.[145]

Fiorina is the chair and CEO of Carly Fiorina Enterprises, a business and charitable foundation.[146] A spokesperson described Fiorina Enterprises as "...a nonprofit enterprise that helped Fiorina structure speaking engagements and appearances while providing the public with information about her activities..."[147] The San Francisco Chronicle reported that, as of July 2009, she had "never registered her Carly Fiorina Enterprises to conduct business in California, either with the California secretary of state or the clerk of Santa Clara County, where Fiorina lives."[147]

Nonprofit work

Good360

In April 2012, Fiorina became chair of Good360, a 501(c)(3) nonpartisan nonprofit organization in Alexandria, Virginia, which helps companies donate excess merchandise to charities.[148][149] Good360 has been consistently ranked by Forbes magazine as one of the top 10 most efficient charities,[150] and ranked as the 33rd largest charity in the United States.[151] Good360 is "the largest product donation marketplace in the world. We help companies take excess inventory and then distribute that excess inventory to 37,000 vetted charities around this country."[152] In September 2014, Fiorina led an effort by Good360 to get American corporations "to help combat the Ebola virus in West Africa – by donating specific items."[153] She left the organization when she declared her presidential candidacy in 2015.[154]

One Woman Initiative

Fiorina served as Fund Chair of One Woman Initiative (OWI), a partnership between the private sector and government agencies, including the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) and the United States Department of State (DoS).[155][156] OWI describes itself as "An International Women's Empowerment Fund" that seeks to "support existing initiatives in Muslim majority countries and countries with large Muslim populations" and "focus on key empowerment issues including entrepreneurship, political leadership, and the rule of law."[157] OWI said it would raise funds in order to give grants to achieve these objectives, with contributions managed through a separate section 501(c)(3) designated organization.[157]

In June 2009, USAID announced that OWI grants totaling over US$500,000 had been made to grassroots organizations in Azerbaijan, Egypt, India, Pakistan, and the Philippines.[158]

Opportunity International

On February 14, 2013, Opportunity International announced a partnership with Fiorina and OWI to provide financial resources, education and training to two million women living in poverty.[159] Fiorina was referred to as Global Ambassador to Opportunity International.[159] On May 4, 2015, Opportunity International announced that Fiorina was resigning from the Board after the announcement of her presidential candidacy.[160]

Fiorina Foundation

Fiorina is the chair and CEO of the Fiorina Foundation, a charity that has donated to causes including Care-a-Van for Kids, a transportation program to aid seriously ill children, and the African Leadership Academy, an educational institution in South Africa.[147] The foundation 'enables corporations, spokeswomen entrepreneurs and philanthropists alike to address some of the world's most challenging issues,' according to Fiorina's Web site, carlyfiorina.com."[147]

The San Francisco Chronicle reported that "Records also show that her Fiorina Foundation has never registered with the Internal Revenue Service or the state attorney general's charitable trust division, which tax-exempt charities are required to do. A spokeswoman commented that "Fiorina and her staff believed the foundation was not required to file with the IRS because it accepted no outside contributions and donated only her personal wealth to worthy causes."[147]

Colonial Williamsburg Foundation

In 2017, Fiorina joined the board of trustees for the Colonial Williamsburg Foundation. In December 2020, she was elected the chair of the board of trustees.[161]

Political career

Fiorina has never held public office,[162][163][164] but said that her status as an outsider is a positive attribute, given that in her opinion, professional politicians have failed to deliver to the American people,[162] stating in an interview with Fox News in 2015 that "82% of the American people now think we need people from outside the professional political class to serve in public office."[165]

Republican National Committee fundraising chair and 2008 campaign

In 2006, Fiorina worked as an advisor for Republican Senator John McCain's presidential campaign. In early 2008, she was referred to in media sources as a potential vice presidential candidate,[166][167] and The New York Times noted that while she did not want to run, she was an executive who could possibly become a candidate for president.[168] On March 7, 2008, Fiorina was named fundraising chair for the Republican National Committee's "Victory" initiative. She was reportedly a "point person" for the McCain campaign on issues related to business and economic affairs.[169] Fiorina's severance package from Hewlett-Packard in 2005 was viewed by some as a political liability during the campaign.[170][171][172]

Earlier that day, she defended the selection of Sarah Palin as McCain's running mate and said that Palin was being subjected to sexist attacks, a charge she repeated a few days later in response to one of the Saturday Night Live parodies of Sarah Palin.[173][174][175]

When asked during a radio interview on September 15, 2008 whether she thought Palin had the experience to run a major company like Hewlett-Packard, Fiorina answered "No, I don't. But that's not what she's running for. Running a corporation is a different set of things." When questioned about her answer, she answered, "I don't think John McCain could run a major corporation." Fiorina further said that none of the candidates on either ticket had the experience to run a major corporation.[176][177][178] After media coverage of Fiorina's comments, she "disappeared from public view" and planned television appearances were cancelled,[179] although she continued to chair the party's fundraising committee.[169][178][180][181][182] Responding to Barack Obama's victory over Hillary Clinton in the Democratic Primary, Fiorina sought to attract more women to the Republican camp by praising Clinton's effort.[183]

Referring to the McCain campaign, Newsweek described Fiorina as "the most prominent surrogate on economics issues in any of the major campaigns."[184] In discussing the possibility of Fiorina becoming McCain's running mate, political analyst Stuart Rothenberg pointed out her potential downside, stating that she "is rather easy to sketch out" because she would "become a talking point for Democrats" who would focus on Fiorina's generous severance package from when she had left HP and her management style. Rothenberg concluded that Fiorina was "like a dream come true" for Democratic opposition researchers.[185]

Defense Business Board and Central Intelligence Agency

Fiorina performed unpaid service on the Defense Business Board, which looked at staffing issues, among others, at The Pentagon.[186]

Fiorina spent two years leading the Central Intelligence Agency's External Advisory Board, from 2007 to 2009,[186] and became chair of that board,[187] when the board was first created in 2007 by then-CIA director Michael Hayden during the George W. Bush administration.[188]

2010 U.S. Senate candidacy for California

Main article: 2010 United States Senate election in California
 
Fiorina's campaign sign during her candidacy for U.S. Senator from California.

On November 4, 2009, Fiorina formally announced her candidacy in the 2010 Senate election in a bid to unseat incumbent Democrat Barbara Boxer.[189][190][191][192] Fiorina's campaign in the Republican primary for that seat received a number of endorsements, including one from Sarah Palin in the form of a Facebook note.[193][194] Her campaign ad about Republican rival Tom Campbell featuring a "Demon Sheep" – created by Fiorina advertising consultant Fred Davis III – generated largely negative international publicity.[195][196] After the ad went viral, the California Democratic Party created a parody of the ad depicting Fiorina herself as a demon sheep.[197]

On June 8, 2010, Fiorina won the Republican primary election for the Senate with over 50 percent of the vote, beating Campbell and State Assemblyman Chuck DeVore.[198]

A Los Angeles Times search of public records indicated Fiorina had failed to vote in most elections. Fiorina responded: "I'm a lifelong registered Republican but I haven't always voted, and I will provide no excuse for it. You know, people die for the right to vote. And there are many, many Californians and Americans who exercise that civic duty on a regular basis. I didn't. Shame on me."[199][200]

The Los Angeles Times noted that Fiorina had conservative positions on certain social issues. She personally opposed abortion, except in cases of rape, incest, or endangerment of the mother's life.[201] As a private citizen, she stated that she voted for Proposition 8, which defined marriage as a union between one man and one woman.[202] Following an August 4, 2010, federal court ruling that Proposition 8 was unconstitutional, Fiorina expressed disagreement with the ruling, saying that California voters spoke clearly against same-sex unions when a majority approved the proposition in 2008.[203] She stated that she opposed litmus tests for Supreme Court nominations and did not favor a federal "personhood" amendment.[204] Fiorina had called global warming a "serious issue" but said that the science surrounding it is inconclusive, saying "I think we should have the courage to examine the science on an ongoing basis."[205] In a campaign ad, Fiorina likened Boxer's concerns over global warming to worrying about "the weather."[206] Fiorina accepted contributions from the coal industry[207] as well as Koch Industries.[208] Fiorina opposed the cap-and-trade legislation supported by Boxer, and thought efforts to control greenhouse gases would cost 3 million jobs and are "massively destructive".[209][210]

In financial disclosures, Fiorina identified her net worth at between US$30 million and US$120 million,[211] and by October 22, Fiorina had contributed a total of US$6.5 million to her own race.[212]

Sarah Palin was set to appear at a GOP fundraiser two weeks ahead of the November 2 election, but neither Meg Whitman (the Republican nominee for Governor of California) nor Fiorina – both big-name Republicans – planned to attend. The prediction was that Palin's primary endorsement would jeopardize her general election candidacy.[213]

Boxer won the general election, defeating Fiorina 52.2% to 42.2%.[214]

"Unlocking Potential Project" PAC

Fiorina launched and developed a political action committee (PAC) known as "Up-Project" (short for "Unlocking Potential Project")[215] from 2011 to 2014. The stated mission of the organization was "...to engage women with new messages and new messengers by focusing on personal interactions with voters and going beyond the traditional methods of identifying, persuading and turning-out voters..."[216] In November 2014, The Washington Post reported that "Helping Fiorina chart her political future are consultants Frank Sadler, who once worked for Koch Industries, and Stephen DeMaura, a strategist who heads Americans for Job Security, a pro-business advocacy group in Virginia";[217] The Up-Project website lists Fiorina as chair.[218]

American Conservative Union Foundation and CPAC

 
Carly Fiorina speaking at the 2015 Conservative Political Action Conference (CPAC), in National Harbor, Maryland, February 26, 2015.

On October 1, 2013, Al Cardenas, chair of the American Conservative Union (ACU), appointed Fiorina as chair of the American Conservative Union Foundation (ACUF), the ACU's educational arm.[219] The ACU is a conservative 501(c)(4) organization, while the ACUF is its affiliated 501(c)(3) foundation, which organizes the annual Conservative Political Action Conference (CPAC).[188][219]

Fiorina was co-chair of CPAC 2014, making a speech at the conference.[188] At CPAC 2015, Fiorina again made a speech at the conference.[187][188][220] It was speculated that Fiorina would announce her candidacy for the Republican nomination for president in that speech,[187][188] but Fiorina did not, instead making her official announcement months later, on May 4, 2015, in a television and promotional video, therein repeating her talking points from CPAC and including an attack on Democratic candidate Hillary Clinton.[221]

Fiorina resigned as ACU Foundation chair in early 2015.[222]

U.S. presidential campaign, 2016

Main article: Carly Fiorina presidential campaign, 2016
 
Carly Fiorina at the 2015 Iowa Growth & Opportunity Party at the Iowa State Fairgrounds in Des Moines, Iowa, October 2015.

Fiorina ruled out running for the U.S. Senate in 2016,[223] but refused to rule out running for president in 2016 or Governor of California in 2018.[224][225][226][227] In November 2014, The Washington Post reported that Fiorina was "actively exploring" a run for president. Her business background and status as the only CEO and the only woman in a "sea of suited men" were mentioned as positives, though Republican strategists pointed to her poor 2010 Senate performance, unpaid campaign debt, and dismissal from HP as "considerable challenges" to her prospects.[228] In March 2015, Fiorina said on Fox News Sunday that there was a "higher than 90% chance" that she would run for president in 2016.[229]

On May 4, 2015, Fiorina announced her candidacy during an interview on Good Morning America, with George Stephanopoulos.[230] Fiorina entered the race with immediate criticism of Hillary Clinton. It was reported that the GOP saw Fiorina as "the tip of the spear" in its attack of the Clinton campaign because she was uniquely positioned to isolate her criticisms of Clinton from claims of gender bias.[231]

Shortly after Fiorina announced her entry into the 2016 presidential race, in a replay of her 2010 senatorial race, the social media and editorial outlets questioned her tenure as HP's CEO as a basis for her run for president, focusing around US job cuts and offshoring that Fiorina directed during her tenure at HP, and contrasting it with the high compensation bonuses she received from the company.[232] Campaign Manager, Sarah Isgur Flores, deflected the job cut criticism saying, Fiorina "worked hard to save as many jobs as possible."[233][234]

On August 6, Fiorina participated in Fox News's first GOP debate. Failing to qualify for one of the Fox News prime-time debate slots, she was relegated to the debate airing earlier the same day.[235] Fiorina's performance led news sources to conclude she had won the early debate.[236][237][238] Following the debate, several pundits correctly predicted that her polling numbers would surge.[239][240] On August 9, Fiorina reported an uptick in fundraising support.[241] In an online poll by NBC and SurveyMonkey on August 10, Fiorina came in fourth of the seventeen Republican contenders with 8% of the sampled Republican primary voters saying they would support her in a primary or a caucus, a gain in support of six points from previous polling data.[242] At another debate in September, hosted by CNN, Fiorina misrepresented a Planned Parenthood sting video, describing a grisly scene which was not in the video. She was sharply criticized for this in the media;[243] the gaffe consumed much of the post-debate coverage.[244] Planned Parenthood responded that she had lied, saying it was "not the first time Carly Fiorina has lied."[245] PolitiFact chief editor Angie Drobnic Holan mentioned this particular lie in a December 2015 comparison of the presidential candidates with regard to their truthfulness. In the comparison, Fiorina scored 50% falsehood, the sixth worst performance.[244]

The National Review pointed out her role as foil to Hillary Clinton, saying "Carly Fiorina is no doubt getting attention because of her unique background, but more and more people are staying to listen because she has something fresh to say", and that "Fiorina also seems to relish the role of being the most pointed critic of Hillary Clinton.... She contrasts her background as a 'problem solver' with Clinton's record as a professional politician."[246] The Nation commented, "With so-called women's issues poised to play an unprecedented role in the upcoming election, Republicans need someone who can troll Hillary Clinton without seeming sexist."[247] Meg Whitman, then CEO of Hewlett Packard, stated that in her opinion Fiorina was not qualified to be President of the United States, stating that a business background is important but that having worked in government is also important, and that "it's very difficult for your first role in politics to be President of the United States".[248][249]

As part of her financial disclosures related to her candidacy, Fiorina reported a net worth of US$59 million, with US$12 million in income in 2013.[250][251] International Business Times estimates Fiorina's net worth between US$30 million and US$120 million.[252]

Her performances in early debates for the Republican primary nomination, particularly her rebukes of front-runner Donald Trump in the September 16, 2015 debate, earned her a significant spike in the polls from 3% to 15% post-debate,[253][254][255] but her polling numbers dropped to 4% by October,[256] and to 3% in December.[257][258] On February 10, due to weak results in the Iowa and New Hampshire primaries, Fiorina announced that her campaign was suspended.[259] On March 9, 2016, Fiorina endorsed Texas Senator Ted Cruz for President, saying she was "horrified" by Donald Trump, and that Cruz was the only candidate that could stop him.[260]

Vice presidential campaign and aftermath

On April 27, 2016, Cruz announced that, if he were selected as the party's presidential nominee, he would choose Fiorina as his vice presidential running mate,[261] but after losing the Indiana primary six days later, he suspended his campaign,[262] making her vice-presidential candidacy the shortest in modern American history.[263]

Fiorina received one electoral college vote for vice president from a faithless elector in Texas.[264] Following Trump's election, Fiorina was considered for the position of Director of National Intelligence during the 2016 transition period.[265] In 2020, Fiorina endorsed Joe Biden's presidential campaign due to her disapproval of President Donald Trump.[266][267]

Political positions

Main article: Carly Fiorina presidential campaign, 2016 § Political positions

When she first entered politics as a Senate candidate in November 2009, Carly Fiorina was "considered to be a moderate Republican with little history on social issues" and her views changed during her run for Senate and her run for President in 2016.[268] In 2017, she has described herself as conservative.[269] In 2020, Fiorina announced that she would vote for Joe Biden for President.[266][267] FiveThirtyEight, a non-partisan organization which analyzes candidates' positions and conducts polling, considered Fiorina to be within the moderate and establishment wings of the GOP.[270]

Social issues

Fiorina is anti-abortion.[271] She expressed support for legislation to ban abortions 20 weeks after fertilization, with an exception for cases of rape, incest, or danger to the life of the mother.[272] In 2010, she said that Roe v. Wade was settled law, but later reversed that position.[273] Fiorina supports overturning Roe v. Wade, the 1973 Supreme Court ruling that legalized abortion in the United States, leaving it to the states.[272] She does support embryonic stem-cell research if the embryos were not created for that purpose.[274][275]

In a February 2015 speech, Fiorina acknowledged the scientific consensus that climate change is real and caused by human activity,[272] but expressed skepticism that government can affect the issue,[272][276] and has "implied that targeting the coal industry will not solve the problem".[272]

Fiorina said in May 2015 that "drug addiction shouldn't be criminalized" and cited "decriminalizing drug addiction and drug use" as an example of a successful reform.[277] Fiorina opposes the legalization of marijuana, but says that she believes in states' rights, and that as president she will not enforce the federal ban on marijuana in Colorado, where voters have legalized marijuana as a matter of state law.[278]

While running for president, Fiorina has been a critic of the Common Core State Standards.[279][280] In September 2015, Fiorina said: "No Child Left Behind, Race to the Top, Common Core – they're all big, bureaucratic programs that are failing our nation."[281] This was a reversal of her position on federal education policies during her 2010 campaign for U.S. Senate from California.[281][282] In that campaign, Fiorina issued a position paper in which she "strongly advocated for metric-based accountability in schools" and "praised No Child Left Behind as setting high standards, and Race to the Top for using internationally-benchmarked measures."[272]

In California, Fiorina supported the DREAM Act, which would allow children brought to the U.S. by their parents when they were under the age of 16 to secure permanent U.S. residency and a path to citizenship, if they graduate from college or serve in the armed forces.[272][276][283]

Carly Fiorina opposed same-sex marriage, but supported civil unions. She later said that she hoped the nation would support Obergefell v. Hodges, the decision legalizing same-sex marriage, and also respect individuals' consciences.[284] In November 2009, during a The Wall Street Journal interview, Fiorina said that she voted in favor of Proposition 8, a California ballot proposition that banned same-sex marriage in that state. During the 2010 United States Senate election in California, Fiorina was endorsed by GOProud, a gay conservative organization.[285] In 2010, Fiorina stated that she supported the Defense of Marriage Act, but also supported civil unions.[286] She supported the repeal of Don't Ask Don't Tell.[275] In 2015, Fiorina reaffirmed her support for civil unions with the same government benefits accorded to married persons.[287] She does not support a constitutional amendment to ban gay marriage.[288] In 2017, Fiorina headlined the 40th anniversary of Log Cabin Republicans, a political action committee which supports LGBT rights.[289] In her address, she said, "Everyone has to be free to be who they are."[290]

Fiorina believes employers should decide whether they should provide paid maternity leave to their employees and it should not be mandated by the government, noting that some companies in the private sector are already doing so.[291][292] She also pointed out that HP, while she was CEO, offered paid maternity leave.[291]

Foreign and military policy

Fiorina has criticized the international nuclear agreement with Iran, saying that Iran is "at the heart" of evil in the Middle East;[293] that the agreement is a "flawed deal";[294] and that "there is a lot of reason to be suspicious" of it.[295] Fiorina also suggested that verification provisions in the agreement were insufficient and that approval of the agreement by the international community and the U.S.'s negotiating partners was suspect because Russia and China have an interest in gaining access to Iran's economy and the European Union "has negotiated, frankly, a number of weak deals."[295] Fiorina opposes the normalization of U.S.-Cuba relations, telling Hugh Hewitt that if elected she would close the U.S. embassy in Havana.[296]

In a January 2015 discussion with an Iowa political blogger, Fiorina said of the Chinese: "They're not terribly imaginative. They're not entrepreneurial. They don't innovate. That's why they're stealing our intellectual property."[297] Fiorina supports keeping the Guantanamo Bay detention camp in Cuba open.[298] In September 2015, Fiorina "offered a vigorous defense of CIA waterboarding," a tactic used by the United States during the George W. Bush-era War on Terror.[71] Fiorina's interest in national security issues led to her name being floated for the position of Director of National Intelligence by Donald Trump during the 2016 transition period.[265]

Economic and fiscal Issues

Fiorina was critical of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) health care reform legislation during the debate in 2009 that led to the act's passage.[299] Fiorina has supported repealing the ACA during both her 2010 Senate run in California,[300][301] and in her 2015 presidential campaign.[302][303] Fiorina has called the law "deeply flawed"[304] and a "vast legislative overreach."[302] Fiorina supports an individual mandate that would require individuals to carry "high-deductible 'catastrophic care' insurance plans and use federal dollars to subsidize state-based high-risk pools to provide care for those who otherwise cannot afford it."[305]

Fiorina has stated that "there is no constitutional role for the federal government to be setting minimum wages"[306][307] and that the minimum wage "is a classic example of a policy that is best carried out in the states" because economic conditions in New Hampshire vary significantly from more expensive economic conditions in Los Angeles or New York.[308] Florina also believes that raising the federal minimum wage would "hurt those who are looking for entry-level jobs".[276]

Fiorina opposes net neutrality rules adopted by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC), and has said she would "roll back" that policy: "Regulation over innovation is a really bad role for government."[272][309][310] Fiorina has repeatedly criticized the rules, arguing that "the FCC just issued – without anyone commenting on it or anyone voting on it – 400 pages of new regulations over the Internet. It's not good, it's not helpful."[311]

Fiorina "generally believes that reducing government regulations helps to spur the economy".[276] She has condemned the Dodd–Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, saying in April 2015 that "We should get rid of Dodd-Frank and start again."[312] Fiorina has been questioned by some in the media for stating that not "a single regulation has ever been repealed."[313] Glenn Kessler of The Washington Post said that, "Important parts of the economy have been deregulated in recent decades. While the repeal of a specific rule is relatively rare, there are certainly examples."[313]

Fiorina favors lowering tax rates, simplifying the tax code, and closing loopholes that she says mostly benefit wealthy taxpayers.[314][315] Florina has said "the government needs to take in less tax money, not more."[316] During her 2010 Senate campaign, Fiorina "called for eliminating the estate tax and capital gains taxes for investments in small businesses, and lowering marginal tax rates."[276] Fiorina opposes proposals to increase the federal gas tax or state gas taxes in order to fund the Highway Trust Fund, asserting in a February 2015 The Wall Street Journal op-ed that "Any gas tax hike, big or small, will harm American families and hurt economic growth."[317] Fiorina opposed the federal stimulus package of 2009 intended to create short-term job growth and invest in infrastructure, education, health, and renewable energy, calling it a waste of taxpayer money.[276] Fiorina has said she would cut the pay of federal workers and base their compensation on performance.[276] She also advocates zero-based budgeting for the federal budget, which would start the annual budgeting process for each department from a baseline of zero.[314]

Fiorina favors expanding the H-1B visa program.[318][319][320][321] Writing in opposition to proposals she considered protectionist in a 2004 The Wall Street Journal op-ed, Fiorina said that while "America is the most innovative country," it would not remain so if the country were to "run away from the reality of the global economy."[322] Fiorina said to Congress in 2004: "There is no job that is America's God-given right anymore. We have to compete for jobs as a nation."[319]

Personal life

Fiorina (then Cara Carleton Sneed) married Todd Bartlem, a Stanford classmate, in June 1977. They divorced in 1984.[323] In 1981, she was introduced to AT&T executive Frank Fiorina, who told her on their third date that she would one day be running the company.[324] She married him in 1985; it was the second marriage for both. Fiorina has said that they wanted to have children together but "that wasn't God's plan".[325][326][327] Frank Fiorina took early retirement from AT&T in 1998[324] at age 48 to travel with and support his wife in her career.[328]

Frank Fiorina had two daughters, Traci and Lori Ann, from his first marriage. Their mother, Patricia, was awarded custody of both children following the divorce. Carly helped her husband with raising his daughters. Lori Ann struggled with alcoholism, prescription drug addiction and bulimia. She died in 2009 at age 35.[277][329]

In February 2009, Fiorina was diagnosed with stage II breast cancer. She underwent a double mastectomy[330][331] at Stanford Hospital in March 2009, followed by chemotherapy, which caused her to temporarily lose her hair, and later radiation therapy.[332] She was given "an excellent prognosis for a full recovery."[333][334] In late 2009, during her campaign for the United States Senate seat held by Barbara Boxer, Fiorina humorously told a group of supporters: "I have to say that after chemotherapy, Barbara Boxer just isn't that scary anymore."[335]

According to the financial disclosures filed by Fiorina's campaign in June 2015, she and her husband have a combined net worth of $59 million.[336] Fiorina has released the income tax returns that she and her husband jointly filed in 2013 and 2012; in those years, the Fiorinas reported income of almost $2 million and $1.3 million, respectively.[336]

Fiorina and her husband live in a home in the Washington, D.C. suburb of Mason Neck, Virginia, overlooking the Potomac River.[337][338] The house and grounds were valued at $6.6 million in 2015.[336] At the time of the 2010 Senate election, Fiorina and her husband lived in Los Altos Hills, California, a San Francisco Bay area suburb.[339][340] Between 2005 and 2012, Fiorina and her husband also owned a condominium in the Georgetown neighborhood of Washington, where they lived for roughly half the year; they sold the condo for $5.3 million.[339][341][342][343]

Discussing her religious faith, Fiorina said that she is Christian.[344] Specifically, she said that "she was raised Episcopalian but is not a regular churchgoer."[345][346][347]

See also

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  298. ^ David Catanese, Carly Fiorina Would Cancel the State Dinner With China, U.S. News & World Report (September 22, 2015).
  299. ^ Fiorina: Obama might have to 'eat his words' on health reform, CNN (November 22, 2009).
  300. ^ Christina Hoag, Fiorina: Health reform must make insurers compete, Associated Press (October 21, 2010).
  301. ^ Frank Bruni, Carly Fiorina Means Business, New York Times Magazine (June 2, 2010) ("[D]uring this campaign, [Fiorina] has assiduously courted the right, calling for the repeal of health care reform").
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  304. ^ David Jackson, GOP candidates maintain their attacks on Obamacare, USA Today (June 25, 2015).
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  308. ^ McElveen, Josh (April 24, 2015). "Conversation with the Candidate: Carly Fiorina (Part 2)". Manchester, New Hampshire: Hearst Television. Retrieved August 22, 2015 – via WMUR-TV. I think a minimum wage is a classic example of a policy that is best carried out in the states, because if you are here in Nashua, New Hampshire, it is not the same set of economic conditions or expensive living as L.A. or New York City. To me, a national minimum wage does not make a lot of sense.
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Bibliography

External links

 
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Business positions
Preceded by President of Hewlett-Packard
1999–2005 		Succeeded by
Chief Executive Officer of Hewlett-Packard
1999–2005 		Succeeded by
Preceded by
Richard Hackborn
 Chair of Hewlett-Packard
2000–2005 		Succeeded by
Party political offices
Preceded by Republican nominee for U.S. Senator from California
(Class 3)
2010 		Vacant
Title next held by
Mark Meuser
2022

January 23, 2023
carly, fiorina, cara, carleton, carly, fiorina, née, sneed, born, september, 1954, american, businesswoman, politician, known, primarily, tenure, hewlett, packard, chief, executive, officer, from, 1999, 2005, fiorina, first, woman, lead, fortune, company, fior. Cara Carleton Carly Fiorina nee Sneed born September 6 1954 is an American businesswoman and politician known primarily for her tenure as CEO of Hewlett Packard HP As chief executive officer of HP from 1999 to 2005 Fiorina was the first woman to lead a Fortune Top 20 company 1 Carly FiorinaFiorina at the Conservative Political Action Conference in February 2017BornCara Carleton Sneed 1954 09 06 September 6 1954 age 68 Austin Texas U S EducationStanford University BA University of California Los AngelesUniversity of Maryland College Park MBA Massachusetts Institute ofTechnology MS OccupationsBusinesswomanpoliticianfinancierbrokerOrganizationGood360Political partyRepublicanBoard member ofColonial Williamsburg FoundationSpouse s Todd Bartlem 1977 1984 Frank Fiorina m 1985 wbr Children2 stepdaughtersRelativesJoseph Sneed father WebsiteCampaign websiteSignatureIn 2002 Fiorina oversaw what was then the largest technology sector merger in history in which HP acquired rival personal computer manufacturer Compaq The transaction made HP the world s largest seller of personal computers 2 3 HP subsequently laid off 30 000 U S employees Nonetheless the number of employees exceeded the pre merger figure and grew to 150 000 during her tenure 4 5 6 In February 2005 she was forced to resign as CEO and chair following a boardroom disagreement 7 8 9 She subsequently served as Chair of the philanthropic organization Good360 10 11 Fiorina ran unsuccessfully for the United States Senate in 2010 and the Republican presidential nomination in 2016 Fiorina was an adviser to Republican Senator John McCain s 2008 presidential campaign In 2010 she won the Republican nomination for the United States Senate in California but lost the general election to incumbent Democrat Barbara Boxer 12 13 Fiorina was a candidate in the 2016 Republican presidential primary and was for seven days the vice presidential running mate of Ted Cruz until he suspended his campaign Contents 1 Early life and education 2 Business career 2 1 AT amp T and Lucent 2 2 Hewlett Packard HP 2 2 1 Hiring 2 2 2 Separating Agilent Technologies from HP and proposed PWC acquisition 2 2 3 Compaq merger 2 2 4 Allegations of sales to Iran despite sanctions 2 2 5 Providing HP servers to the NSA 2 2 6 Changes to HP culture 2 2 7 iPod HP 2 2 8 Layoffs 2 2 9 Forced resignation 2 3 Business leadership image 3 Transition of career and public persona 3 1 Autobiography 3 2 Other organizational involvement 4 Nonprofit work 4 1 Good360 4 2 One Woman Initiative 4 3 Opportunity International 4 4 Fiorina Foundation 4 5 Colonial Williamsburg Foundation 5 Political career 5 1 Republican National Committee fundraising chair and 2008 campaign 5 2 Defense Business Board and Central Intelligence Agency 5 3 2010 U S Senate candidacy for California 5 4 Unlocking Potential Project PAC 5 5 American Conservative Union Foundation and CPAC 5 6 U S presidential campaign 2016 5 7 Vice presidential campaign and aftermath 6 Political positions 6 1 Social issues 6 2 Foreign and military policy 6 3 Economic and fiscal Issues 7 Personal life 8 See also 9 References 10 Bibliography 11 External linksEarly life and educationCara Carleton Sneed was born on September 6 1954 in Austin Texas the daughter of Madelon Montross nee Juergens and Joseph Tyree Sneed III 14 The name Carleton from which Carly is derived has been used in every generation of the Sneed family since the Civil War 15 At the time of her birth Fiorina s father was a professor at the University of Texas School of Law 16 17 18 He would later become dean of Duke University School of Law Deputy U S Attorney General and judge on the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit 19 Her mother was an abstract painter 20 She is mainly of English and German ancestry 21 and was raised Episcopalian 21 Her paternal great great great grandfather Joseph P Sneed was a Methodist minister and educator in Texas Her paternal great great great great uncle built the Constantine Sneed House in Brentwood Tennessee which is listed on the National Register of Historic Places Carly was a Brownie but did not become a Girl Scout due to her family s frequent moves 22 She attended Channing School in London She later attended five different high schools including one in Ghana 23 graduating from Charles E Jordan High School in Durham North Carolina At one time she aspired to be a classical pianist 24 She received a Bachelor of Arts in philosophy and medieval history at Stanford University in 1976 During her summers she worked as a secretary for Kelly Services 25 She attended the UCLA School of Law in 1976 but dropped out 26 after one semester She worked as a receptionist for six months at a real estate firm Marcus amp Millichap moving up to a broker position When she married in 1977 she and her husband moved to Bologna Italy where he was doing graduate work 27 there she did English tutoring to Italian businessmen 21 28 In 1980 Fiorina received a Master of Business Administration in marketing from the Robert H Smith School of Business at the University of Maryland College Park In 1989 she obtained a Master of Science degree in management from the MIT Sloan School of Management under the Sloan Fellows program 29 Business careerAT amp T and Lucent See also Lucent Technologies In 1980 Fiorina joined AT amp T as a management trainee selling telephone services to big federal agencies 30 In 1990 she became the company s first female officer as senior vice president overseeing the company s hardware and systems division 31 eventually heading its North American operations 31 32 In 1995 Fiorina led corporate operations for Lucent Technologies Inc a spin off from AT amp T of its Western Electric and Bell Labs divisions into a new company 33 In that capacity she reported to Lucent chief executive Henry B Schacht 34 She played a key role in planning and implementing the 1996 initial public offering of a successful stock and company launch strategy 31 35 36 The spin off became one of the most successful IPOs in U S history raising US 3 billion 30 33 Later in 1996 Fiorina was appointed president of Lucent s consumer products sector 35 In 1997 she was named group president for Lucent s US 19 billion global service provider business overseeing marketing and sales for the company s largest customer segment 31 37 That year Fiorina chaired a US 2 5 billion joint venture between Lucent s consumer communications and Royal Philips Electronics under the name Philips Consumer Communications PCC 38 39 In the edition of October 12 1998 of Fortune magazine Fiorina was named The Most Powerful Woman in American Business 30 Lucent added 22 000 jobs and revenues grew from US 19 billion to US 38 billion and the company s market share increased in every region for every product 33 40 According to Fortune magazine Lucent increased sales by lending money to their own customers writing that In a neat bit of accounting magic money from the loans began to appear on Lucent s income statement as new revenue while the dicey debt got stashed on its balance sheet as an allegedly solid asset 40 Lucent s stock price grew 10 fold 40 Hewlett Packard HP Hiring Fiorina as CEO and Chair of the Board of Hewlett Packard August 2 2004 In July 1999 Hewlett Packard Company named Fiorina chief executive officer succeeding Lewis Platt and prevailing over the internal candidate Ann Livermore 41 Matthew Boyle of Fortune magazine said of Fiorina s hiring as HP s first woman CEO that Carly Fiorina didn t just break the glass ceiling she obliterated it as the first woman to lead a FORTUNE 20 company 42 43 44 Writing in Fortune magazine in August 2015 Jeffrey Sonnenfeld described the hiring as the result of a dysfunctional HP board committee filled with its own poisoned politics hired her with no CEO experience nor interviews with the full board 45 Fiorina received a larger signing offer than any of her predecessors including US 65 million in restricted stock to compensate her for the Lucent stock and options she left behind 40 a US 3 million signing bonus a US 1 million annual salary plus a US 1 25 US 3 75 million annual bonus US 36 000 in mortgage assistance a relocation allowance and permission and encouragement to use company planes for personal affairs 46 Fortune also named her the most powerful woman in America for five consecutive years 47 Separating Agilent Technologies from HP and proposed PWC acquisition Although the decision to spin off the company s analytical instruments division pre dated her arrival one of her first major responsibilities as chief executive was overseeing the separation of the unit into the stand alone Agilent Technologies 48 Fiorina proposed the acquisition of the technology services arm of PricewaterhouseCoopers for almost US 14 billion but withdrew the bid after a lackluster reception from Wall Street 49 Following the collapse of the dot com bubble the PwC consulting arm was acquired by IBM for less than US 4 billion HP later acquired Electronic Data Systems another technology services company which some considered a validation of Fiorina s strategy 50 51 Compaq merger In early September 2001 in the wake of the bursting of the Tech Bubble Fiorina announced the acquisition of PC maker Compaq with US 25 billion in stock 7 which at the time was the second largest producer of personal computers after Dell 7 HP stock traded down by 30 on the news of the merger 7 The Compaq merger created the world s largest personal computer manufacturer in terms of units shipped 52 53 54 Fiorina was frequently at odds with HP s board of directors 46 55 and she had to fight with the board for the merger Walter Hewlett the son of company co founder William Hewlett was a source of particularly strong opposition 55 56 Hewlett originally voted with the other board members to approve the Compaq deal but he later changed his mind 7 He launched a proxy fight against Fiorina s efforts which Fiorina won with a razor thin margin of 51 4 of the shareholders with the institutional shareholders providing the bulk of the support 7 57 Fiorina was supported in the proxy battle by other board members 7 including Richard Hackborn Philip M Condit 58 George A Keyworth II 59 and Robert Knowling 7 Fiorina proceeded to reorganize HP and merge the parts of it that she kept with Compaq 60 The merger was met initially with almost universal skepticism 61 The February 7 2005 issue of Fortune described her merger plan as failing and the prognosis as doubtful 62 Business professor Robert Burgelman and former HP executive vice president Webb McKinney who led HP s post merger integration team analyzed the merger and concluded that it was ultimately successful 63 In 2008 former acting CEO of Compaq Ben Rosen stated that although Fiorina lacked the skills to run the merged company her successors made it work 61 HP was able to integrate Compaq s operations and emerge as the world s largest seller of personal computers The industry soon fell into decline leading to further difficulties for the company HP eventually wrote off US 1 2 billion from the acquisition as the personal computer market declined 64 Looking back a 2011 The New York Times article described it as one of the more questionable deals of the time 65 Allegations of sales to Iran despite sanctions See also Hewlett Packard Sales to Iran despite sanctions In 1997 prior to Fiorina s joining the company HP s Dutch subsidiary formed a partnership with a company in Dubai Redington Gulf which sold HP s products in Iran 66 Under Fiorina s leadership at HP the company sold millions of dollars worth of printers and computer products to Iran through the foreign subsidiary while U S export sanctions were in effect 67 68 After the story was initially reported by The Boston Globe in 2008 69 the SEC sent a letter of inquiry to HP who responded that products worth US 120 million were sold in fiscal 2008 70 arguing that the sales did not violate export sanctions because they were made through a foreign subsidiary 66 According to former officials who worked on sanctions HP was using a loophole by routing their sales through a foreign subsidiary 66 HP ended its relationship with Redington Gulf after the SEC inquiry 66 Providing HP servers to the NSA In a September 2015 interview with Michael Isikoff Fiorina said that in the weeks following the September 11 terrorist attacks in 2001 she received a phone call from Michael Hayden then the director of the National Security Agency asking her assistance in providing HP computer servers to the NSA for expanded surveillance 71 Hayden confirmed that he had made the request for HP servers as part of Stellar Wind a 2001 2007 NSA warrantless surveillance program but the details were not revealed to Fiorina at the time 71 Fiorina acknowledged she complied with Hayden s request redirecting trucks of HP computer servers that were on their way to retail stores from a warehouse in Tennessee to the Washington Beltway where they were escorted by NSA security to the agency s Fort Meade headquarters In 2015 Fiorina said I felt it was my duty to help and so we did adding They were ramping up a whole set of programs and needed a lot of data crunching capability to try and monitor a whole set of threats What I knew at the time was our nation had been attacked 71 Hayden also requested that Fiorina provide advice to the agency on how the CIA could maintain its undercover espionage mission in a culture of increasing government leaks and demands for greater public accountability and openness According to Fiorina she advised the agency to be as transparent as possible about as much as possible 71 Changes to HP culture Fiorina s predecessor at HP had pushed for an outsider to replace him because he believed that the company had become complacent and that consensus driven decision making was inhibiting the company s growth Fiorina instituted three major changes shortly after her arrival replacing profit sharing with bonuses awarded if the company met financial expectations a reduction in operating units from 83 to 12 and consolidating back office functions 7 Fiorina faced a backlash among HP employees and the tech community for her leading role in the demise of HP s egalitarian The HP Way work culture and guiding philosophy 46 55 72 which she felt hindered innovation 46 73 Because of changes to HP s culture and requests for voluntary pay cuts to prevent layoffs subsequently followed by the largest layoffs in HP s history employee satisfaction surveys at HP previously among the highest in America revealed widespread unhappiness and distrust 46 74 and Fiorina was sometimes booed at company meetings and attacked on HP s electronic bulletin board 46 According to The Fiscal Times Fiorina and others have argued that she laid the groundwork for some of HP s progress under her successors and that she shook the culture at HP so that it could compete in the Internet Age 75 iPod HP Main article iPod HP In January 2004 Fiorina announced an agreement with Apple founder Steve Jobs for the iPod HP a co branded iPod sold through HP s retail channels 76 As part of the agreement HP was forbidden from selling a competitor to the iPod until August 2006 and HP agreed to pre install iTunes on every computer sold 77 Two days before Fiorina announced the HP iPod Jobs announced a new product the iPod mini catching Fiorina off guard 78 HP did not sell the newer versions of the iPod in a timely fashion leaving them to sell an outdated device for several months In addition Apple began selling its own iPods through the same retail channels 77 As a result at the peak of the program iPod HP sales represented only a small portion of total iPod sales 79 In July 2005 soon after Fiorina resigned as CEO her successor Mark Hurd ended HP s agreement with Apple within days of taking office 80 a highly symbolic decision that was well received as a return to innovation by HP 81 82 Steven Levy writing in 2015 on the agreement wrote that Steve Jobs blithely mugged her and HP s shareholders By getting Fiorina to adopt the iPod as HP s music player Jobs had effectively gotten his iTunes software installed on millions of computers for free stifled his main competitor and gotten a company that prided itself on invention to declare that Apple was a superior inventor And he lost nothing 83 Layoffs In January 2001 HP laid off 1 700 marketing employees 84 In June 2001 Fiorina asked employees to either take pay cuts or use their allotted vacation time to cut additional costs resulting in more than 80 000 people signing up and saving HP US 130 million 85 Despite these efforts from employees in July Fiorina announced that 6 000 jobs would be cut the biggest reduction in the company s 64 year history 86 87 but those cuts would not actually occur until after the Compaq merger was announced 88 In September 2001 Fiorina said she intended to cut an additional 15 000 jobs in the event of a merger with Compaq 86 89 In all Fiorina laid off 30 000 U S employees 5 90 According to PolitiFact those 30 000 layoffs were as a result of the merger with Compaq 5 By 2004 the number of HP employees was about the same as the pre merger total of HP and Compaq combined and that 2004 number included roughly 8 000 employees of other companies acquired by HP since 2001 5 91 92 Altogether under Fiorina s leadership HP had a net gain of employees including employees from mergers as well as hires in countries outside the United States 6 In 1999 when Fiorina became CEO of HP the company had 84 800 employees 92 After the merger with Compaq the company had a total of 145 000 employees worldwide 93 At the time of her resignation in 2005 after HP had acquired several other companies HP had about 150 000 employees 5 Forced resignation HP s revenue doubled and the rate of patent filings increased due to mergers with Compaq and other companies during Fiorina s stint as CEO 94 95 In addition HP s cash flow increased by 40 to around 6 8 billion 96 97 However the company underperformed by a number of other metrics there were no gains in HP s net income despite a 70 gain in net income of the S amp P 500 over this period 94 the company s debt rose from US 4 25 billion to US 6 75 billion 94 and its stock price fell by 50 exceeding declines in the S amp P 500 Information Technology Sector index and the NASDAQ 94 98 By contrast stock prices for IBM and Dell fell by 27 5 and 3 respectively during this time 98 The Compaq acquisition was not as transformative as Fiorina and the board had envisioned in the merger proxy they had forecasted that the PC division of the merged entities would generate an operating margin of 3 0 in 2003 while the actual figure was 0 1 in that year and 0 9 in 2004 7 In 2004 HP fell dramatically short of its predicted third quarter earnings and Fiorina fired three executives during a 5 AM telephone call 46 In early January 2005 the Hewlett Packard board of directors discussed with Fiorina a list of issues that the board had regarding the company s performance and disappointing earning reports 7 8 9 The board proposed a plan to shift her authority to HP division heads which Fiorina resisted strongly 9 A week after the meeting the confidential plan was leaked to The Wall Street Journal 99 According to BusinessWeek s Ben Elgin directors were also concerned about the board s inability to work effectively with Fiorina 100 Less than a month later the board brought back Tom Perkins and forced Fiorina to resign as chair and chief executive officer of the company 101 The company s stock jumped 6 9 percent on news of her departure adding almost three billion dollars to the value of HP in a single day 102 103 In her book Tough Choices she referred to board members behavior as amateurish and immature 104 Larry Sonsini who investigated the leak related to Fiorina s forced resignation described the board in his report to Fiorina as being dysfunctional 104 On May 13 2008 HP under then Chief Executive Mark Hurd confirmed that it had reached a deal to buy Electronic Data Systems the largest since the Compaq purchase The price was a reported 12 6 billion 105 At the time of the announcement Loren Steffy of The Houston Chronicle suggested that the EDS acquisition after Fiorina s tenure was evidence that her failed plan to acquire part of Pricewaterhouse Coopers was justified 106 Under the company s agreement with Fiorina which was characterized as a golden parachute by Time magazine 107 and Yahoo Finance 108 Fiorina received a severance package valued at US 21 million which consisted of 2 5 times her annual salary plus bonus and the balance from accelerated vesting of stock options 7 109 According to Fortune magazine Fiorina collected over US 100 million in compensation during her short tenure at HP 45 Business leadership image In 2003 Fiorina was named by Fortune Magazine the most powerful woman in business a position she held for five years 7 110 111 In 2004 she was included in the Time 100 ranking of most influential people in the world today 112 and named tenth on the Forbes list of The World s 100 Most Powerful Women 113 In 2005 The Wall Street Journal described Fiorina as the epitome of an alluring controversial new breed of chief executive officers who combine grand visions with charismatic but self centered and demanding styles 114 The same year Wharton School of Business professor Michael Useem opined Fiorina scored high on leadership style but she failed to execute strategy 115 Following her forced resignation from HP several commentators ranked Fiorina as one of the worst American or tech CEOs of all time 116 117 118 In 2008 InfoWorld grouped her with a list of products and ideas that flopped declaring that her tenure as CEO of HP was the sixth worst tech flop of all time and characterizing her as the anti Steve Jobs for reversing the goodwill of geeks and alienating existing customers 119 120 During Fiorina s tenure as CEO HP leased or purchased five planes including two Gulfstream IVs to replace four aging aircraft only one of which had the range to fly overseas 121 122 One Gulfstream IV acquired at a cost of US 30 million and available for Fiorina s exclusive use 123 became a rallying point among HP employees who complained of Fiorina s expensive self promotion and top down managerial style during a time of company layoffs 7 86 122 Jeffrey Sonnenfeld of Yale School of Management said in August 2015 that problems with Fiorina s leadership style were what caused HP to lose half its value during her tenure 45 Others have defended her business leadership decisions and viewed the Compaq merger as successful over the long term 106 124 125 126 Transition of career and public personaAutobiography In October 2006 Fiorina published an autobiography entitled Tough Choices about her career and her views on issues what constitutes a leader how women can thrive in business and the role technology will continue to play in reshaping the world A review by NPR Books noted that The book covers Fiorina s rise and fall as America s most powerful female executive 127 Earlier books by others about Fiorina s role in the merger at HP included Backfire 2003 128 by Peter Burrows and Perfect Enough Carly Fiorina and the Reinvention of Hewlett Packard 2003 129 by George Anders A 2003 review by The New York Times of these books said Two new books about the deal and its main champion Hewlett Packard s chair and chief executive officer Carly Fiorina show that there is much investors can glean immediately from this merger 130 Other organizational involvement In October 2007 Fiorina signed with the Fox Business Network as a business commentator 131 After resigning from HP Fiorina served on the board of Revolution Health Group 132 and computer security company Cybertrust in 2005 133 In 2006 she became a member of the board of directors for chip maker Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company TSMC 134 but resigned from that board on November 30 2009 with the company saying this was because she planned to devote her full time and energy to her Senate campaign 135 She had attended 17 of the TSMC directors meetings in 2009 and 20 of TSMC directors meetings in 2008 136 137 She served as a member of the MIT Corporation 138 139 from 2004 to 2012 She was a member of the Foundation Board of the World Economic Forum WEF in 2005 8 140 141 She is an honorary fellow of the London Business School 142 In July 2012 Governor Bob McDonnell of Virginia appointed her to the James Madison University Board of Visitors 143 144 In 2015 Fiorina received an honorary degree and delivered the commencement address at Southern New Hampshire University 145 Fiorina is the chair and CEO of Carly Fiorina Enterprises a business and charitable foundation 146 A spokesperson described Fiorina Enterprises as a nonprofit enterprise that helped Fiorina structure speaking engagements and appearances while providing the public with information about her activities 147 The San Francisco Chronicle reported that as of July 2009 she had never registered her Carly Fiorina Enterprises to conduct business in California either with the California secretary of state or the clerk of Santa Clara County where Fiorina lives 147 Nonprofit workGood360 In April 2012 Fiorina became chair of Good360 a 501 c 3 nonpartisan nonprofit organization in Alexandria Virginia which helps companies donate excess merchandise to charities 148 149 Good360 has been consistently ranked by Forbes magazine as one of the top 10 most efficient charities 150 and ranked as the 33rd largest charity in the United States 151 Good360 is the largest product donation marketplace in the world We help companies take excess inventory and then distribute that excess inventory to 37 000 vetted charities around this country 152 In September 2014 Fiorina led an effort by Good360 to get American corporations to help combat the Ebola virus in West Africa by donating specific items 153 She left the organization when she declared her presidential candidacy in 2015 154 One Woman Initiative Fiorina served as Fund Chair of One Woman Initiative OWI a partnership between the private sector and government agencies including the United States Agency for International Development USAID and the United States Department of State DoS 155 156 OWI describes itself as An International Women s Empowerment Fund that seeks to support existing initiatives in Muslim majority countries and countries with large Muslim populations and focus on key empowerment issues including entrepreneurship political leadership and the rule of law 157 OWI said it would raise funds in order to give grants to achieve these objectives with contributions managed through a separate section 501 c 3 designated organization 157 In June 2009 USAID announced that OWI grants totaling over US 500 000 had been made to grassroots organizations in Azerbaijan Egypt India Pakistan and the Philippines 158 Opportunity International On February 14 2013 Opportunity International announced a partnership with Fiorina and OWI to provide financial resources education and training to two million women living in poverty 159 Fiorina was referred to as Global Ambassador to Opportunity International 159 On May 4 2015 Opportunity International announced that Fiorina was resigning from the Board after the announcement of her presidential candidacy 160 Fiorina Foundation Fiorina is the chair and CEO of the Fiorina Foundation a charity that has donated to causes including Care a Van for Kids a transportation program to aid seriously ill children and the African Leadership Academy an educational institution in South Africa 147 The foundation enables corporations spokeswomen entrepreneurs and philanthropists alike to address some of the world s most challenging issues according to Fiorina s Web site carlyfiorina com 147 The San Francisco Chronicle reported that Records also show that her Fiorina Foundation has never registered with the Internal Revenue Service or the state attorney general s charitable trust division which tax exempt charities are required to do A spokeswoman commented that Fiorina and her staff believed the foundation was not required to file with the IRS because it accepted no outside contributions and donated only her personal wealth to worthy causes 147 Colonial Williamsburg Foundation In 2017 Fiorina joined the board of trustees for the Colonial Williamsburg Foundation In December 2020 she was elected the chair of the board of trustees 161 Political careerFiorina has never held public office 162 163 164 but said that her status as an outsider is a positive attribute given that in her opinion professional politicians have failed to deliver to the American people 162 stating in an interview with Fox News in 2015 that 82 of the American people now think we need people from outside the professional political class to serve in public office 165 Republican National Committee fundraising chair and 2008 campaign In 2006 Fiorina worked as an advisor for Republican Senator John McCain s presidential campaign In early 2008 she was referred to in media sources as a potential vice presidential candidate 166 167 and The New York Times noted that while she did not want to run she was an executive who could possibly become a candidate for president 168 On March 7 2008 Fiorina was named fundraising chair for the Republican National Committee s Victory initiative She was reportedly a point person for the McCain campaign on issues related to business and economic affairs 169 Fiorina s severance package from Hewlett Packard in 2005 was viewed by some as a political liability during the campaign 170 171 172 Earlier that day she defended the selection of Sarah Palin as McCain s running mate and said that Palin was being subjected to sexist attacks a charge she repeated a few days later in response to one of the Saturday Night Live parodies of Sarah Palin 173 174 175 When asked during a radio interview on September 15 2008 whether she thought Palin had the experience to run a major company like Hewlett Packard Fiorina answered No I don t But that s not what she s running for Running a corporation is a different set of things When questioned about her answer she answered I don t think John McCain could run a major corporation Fiorina further said that none of the candidates on either ticket had the experience to run a major corporation 176 177 178 After media coverage of Fiorina s comments she disappeared from public view and planned television appearances were cancelled 179 although she continued to chair the party s fundraising committee 169 178 180 181 182 Responding to Barack Obama s victory over Hillary Clinton in the Democratic Primary Fiorina sought to attract more women to the Republican camp by praising Clinton s effort 183 Referring to the McCain campaign Newsweek described Fiorina as the most prominent surrogate on economics issues in any of the major campaigns 184 In discussing the possibility of Fiorina becoming McCain s running mate political analyst Stuart Rothenberg pointed out her potential downside stating that she is rather easy to sketch out because she would become a talking point for Democrats who would focus on Fiorina s generous severance package from when she had left HP and her management style Rothenberg concluded that Fiorina was like a dream come true for Democratic opposition researchers 185 Defense Business Board and Central Intelligence Agency Fiorina performed unpaid service on the Defense Business Board which looked at staffing issues among others at The Pentagon 186 Fiorina spent two years leading the Central Intelligence Agency s External Advisory Board from 2007 to 2009 186 and became chair of that board 187 when the board was first created in 2007 by then CIA director Michael Hayden during the George W Bush administration 188 2010 U S Senate candidacy for California Main article 2010 United States Senate election in California Fiorina s campaign sign during her candidacy for U S Senator from California On November 4 2009 Fiorina formally announced her candidacy in the 2010 Senate election in a bid to unseat incumbent Democrat Barbara Boxer 189 190 191 192 Fiorina s campaign in the Republican primary for that seat received a number of endorsements including one from Sarah Palin in the form of a Facebook note 193 194 Her campaign ad about Republican rival Tom Campbell featuring a Demon Sheep created by Fiorina advertising consultant Fred Davis III generated largely negative international publicity 195 196 After the ad went viral the California Democratic Party created a parody of the ad depicting Fiorina herself as a demon sheep 197 On June 8 2010 Fiorina won the Republican primary election for the Senate with over 50 percent of the vote beating Campbell and State Assemblyman Chuck DeVore 198 A Los Angeles Times search of public records indicated Fiorina had failed to vote in most elections Fiorina responded I m a lifelong registered Republican but I haven t always voted and I will provide no excuse for it You know people die for the right to vote And there are many many Californians and Americans who exercise that civic duty on a regular basis I didn t Shame on me 199 200 The Los Angeles Times noted that Fiorina had conservative positions on certain social issues She personally opposed abortion except in cases of rape incest or endangerment of the mother s life 201 As a private citizen she stated that she voted for Proposition 8 which defined marriage as a union between one man and one woman 202 Following an August 4 2010 federal court ruling that Proposition 8 was unconstitutional Fiorina expressed disagreement with the ruling saying that California voters spoke clearly against same sex unions when a majority approved the proposition in 2008 203 She stated that she opposed litmus tests for Supreme Court nominations and did not favor a federal personhood amendment 204 Fiorina had called global warming a serious issue but said that the science surrounding it is inconclusive saying I think we should have the courage to examine the science on an ongoing basis 205 In a campaign ad Fiorina likened Boxer s concerns over global warming to worrying about the weather 206 Fiorina accepted contributions from the coal industry 207 as well as Koch Industries 208 Fiorina opposed the cap and trade legislation supported by Boxer and thought efforts to control greenhouse gases would cost 3 million jobs and are massively destructive 209 210 In financial disclosures Fiorina identified her net worth at between US 30 million and US 120 million 211 and by October 22 Fiorina had contributed a total of US 6 5 million to her own race 212 Sarah Palin was set to appear at a GOP fundraiser two weeks ahead of the November 2 election but neither Meg Whitman the Republican nominee for Governor of California nor Fiorina both big name Republicans planned to attend The prediction was that Palin s primary endorsement would jeopardize her general election candidacy 213 Boxer won the general election defeating Fiorina 52 2 to 42 2 214 Unlocking Potential Project PAC Fiorina launched and developed a political action committee PAC known as Up Project short for Unlocking Potential Project 215 from 2011 to 2014 The stated mission of the organization was to engage women with new messages and new messengers by focusing on personal interactions with voters and going beyond the traditional methods of identifying persuading and turning out voters 216 In November 2014 The Washington Post reported that Helping Fiorina chart her political future are consultants Frank Sadler who once worked for Koch Industries and Stephen DeMaura a strategist who heads Americans for Job Security a pro business advocacy group in Virginia 217 The Up Project website lists Fiorina as chair 218 American Conservative Union Foundation and CPAC Carly Fiorina speaking at the 2015 Conservative Political Action Conference CPAC in National Harbor Maryland February 26 2015 On October 1 2013 Al Cardenas chair of the American Conservative Union ACU appointed Fiorina as chair of the American Conservative Union Foundation ACUF the ACU s educational arm 219 The ACU is a conservative 501 c 4 organization while the ACUF is its affiliated 501 c 3 foundation which organizes the annual Conservative Political Action Conference CPAC 188 219 Fiorina was co chair of CPAC 2014 making a speech at the conference 188 At CPAC 2015 Fiorina again made a speech at the conference 187 188 220 It was speculated that Fiorina would announce her candidacy for the Republican nomination for president in that speech 187 188 but Fiorina did not instead making her official announcement months later on May 4 2015 in a television and promotional video therein repeating her talking points from CPAC and including an attack on Democratic candidate Hillary Clinton 221 Fiorina resigned as ACU Foundation chair in early 2015 222 U S presidential campaign 2016 Main article Carly Fiorina presidential campaign 2016 Carly Fiorina at the 2015 Iowa Growth amp Opportunity Party at the Iowa State Fairgrounds in Des Moines Iowa October 2015 Fiorina ruled out running for the U S Senate in 2016 223 but refused to rule out running for president in 2016 or Governor of California in 2018 224 225 226 227 In November 2014 The Washington Post reported that Fiorina was actively exploring a run for president Her business background and status as the only CEO and the only woman in a sea of suited men were mentioned as positives though Republican strategists pointed to her poor 2010 Senate performance unpaid campaign debt and dismissal from HP as considerable challenges to her prospects 228 In March 2015 Fiorina said on Fox News Sunday that there was a higher than 90 chance that she would run for president in 2016 229 On May 4 2015 Fiorina announced her candidacy during an interview on Good Morning America with George Stephanopoulos 230 Fiorina entered the race with immediate criticism of Hillary Clinton It was reported that the GOP saw Fiorina as the tip of the spear in its attack of the Clinton campaign because she was uniquely positioned to isolate her criticisms of Clinton from claims of gender bias 231 Shortly after Fiorina announced her entry into the 2016 presidential race in a replay of her 2010 senatorial race the social media and editorial outlets questioned her tenure as HP s CEO as a basis for her run for president focusing around US job cuts and offshoring that Fiorina directed during her tenure at HP and contrasting it with the high compensation bonuses she received from the company 232 Campaign Manager Sarah Isgur Flores deflected the job cut criticism saying Fiorina worked hard to save as many jobs as possible 233 234 On August 6 Fiorina participated in Fox News s first GOP debate Failing to qualify for one of the Fox News prime time debate slots she was relegated to the debate airing earlier the same day 235 Fiorina s performance led news sources to conclude she had won the early debate 236 237 238 Following the debate several pundits correctly predicted that her polling numbers would surge 239 240 On August 9 Fiorina reported an uptick in fundraising support 241 In an online poll by NBC and SurveyMonkey on August 10 Fiorina came in fourth of the seventeen Republican contenders with 8 of the sampled Republican primary voters saying they would support her in a primary or a caucus a gain in support of six points from previous polling data 242 At another debate in September hosted by CNN Fiorina misrepresented a Planned Parenthood sting video describing a grisly scene which was not in the video She was sharply criticized for this in the media 243 the gaffe consumed much of the post debate coverage 244 Planned Parenthood responded that she had lied saying it was not the first time Carly Fiorina has lied 245 PolitiFact chief editor Angie Drobnic Holan mentioned this particular lie in a December 2015 comparison of the presidential candidates with regard to their truthfulness In the comparison Fiorina scored 50 falsehood the sixth worst performance 244 The National Review pointed out her role as foil to Hillary Clinton saying Carly Fiorina is no doubt getting attention because of her unique background but more and more people are staying to listen because she has something fresh to say and that Fiorina also seems to relish the role of being the most pointed critic of Hillary Clinton She contrasts her background as a problem solver with Clinton s record as a professional politician 246 The Nation commented With so called women s issues poised to play an unprecedented role in the upcoming election Republicans need someone who can troll Hillary Clinton without seeming sexist 247 Meg Whitman then CEO of Hewlett Packard stated that in her opinion Fiorina was not qualified to be President of the United States stating that a business background is important but that having worked in government is also important and that it s very difficult for your first role in politics to be President of the United States 248 249 As part of her financial disclosures related to her candidacy Fiorina reported a net worth of US 59 million with US 12 million in income in 2013 250 251 International Business Times estimates Fiorina s net worth between US 30 million and US 120 million 252 Her performances in early debates for the Republican primary nomination particularly her rebukes of front runner Donald Trump in the September 16 2015 debate earned her a significant spike in the polls from 3 to 15 post debate 253 254 255 but her polling numbers dropped to 4 by October 256 and to 3 in December 257 258 On February 10 due to weak results in the Iowa and New Hampshire primaries Fiorina announced that her campaign was suspended 259 On March 9 2016 Fiorina endorsed Texas Senator Ted Cruz for President saying she was horrified by Donald Trump and that Cruz was the only candidate that could stop him 260 Vice presidential campaign and aftermath On April 27 2016 Cruz announced that if he were selected as the party s presidential nominee he would choose Fiorina as his vice presidential running mate 261 but after losing the Indiana primary six days later he suspended his campaign 262 making her vice presidential candidacy the shortest in modern American history 263 Fiorina received one electoral college vote for vice president from a faithless elector in Texas 264 Following Trump s election Fiorina was considered for the position of Director of National Intelligence during the 2016 transition period 265 In 2020 Fiorina endorsed Joe Biden s presidential campaign due to her disapproval of President Donald Trump 266 267 Political positionsMain article Carly Fiorina presidential campaign 2016 Political positionsWhen she first entered politics as a Senate candidate in November 2009 Carly Fiorina was considered to be a moderate Republican with little history on social issues and her views changed during her run for Senate and her run for President in 2016 268 In 2017 she has described herself as conservative 269 In 2020 Fiorina announced that she would vote for Joe Biden for President 266 267 FiveThirtyEight a non partisan organization which analyzes candidates positions and conducts polling considered Fiorina to be within the moderate and establishment wings of the GOP 270 Social issues Fiorina is anti abortion 271 She expressed support for legislation to ban abortions 20 weeks after fertilization with an exception for cases of rape incest or danger to the life of the mother 272 In 2010 she said that Roe v Wade was settled law but later reversed that position 273 Fiorina supports overturning Roe v Wade the 1973 Supreme Court ruling that legalized abortion in the United States leaving it to the states 272 She does support embryonic stem cell research if the embryos were not created for that purpose 274 275 In a February 2015 speech Fiorina acknowledged the scientific consensus that climate change is real and caused by human activity 272 but expressed skepticism that government can affect the issue 272 276 and has implied that targeting the coal industry will not solve the problem 272 Fiorina said in May 2015 that drug addiction shouldn t be criminalized and cited decriminalizing drug addiction and drug use as an example of a successful reform 277 Fiorina opposes the legalization of marijuana but says that she believes in states rights and that as president she will not enforce the federal ban on marijuana in Colorado where voters have legalized marijuana as a matter of state law 278 While running for president Fiorina has been a critic of the Common Core State Standards 279 280 In September 2015 Fiorina said No Child Left Behind Race to the Top Common Core they re all big bureaucratic programs that are failing our nation 281 This was a reversal of her position on federal education policies during her 2010 campaign for U S Senate from California 281 282 In that campaign Fiorina issued a position paper in which she strongly advocated for metric based accountability in schools and praised No Child Left Behind as setting high standards and Race to the Top for using internationally benchmarked measures 272 In California Fiorina supported the DREAM Act which would allow children brought to the U S by their parents when they were under the age of 16 to secure permanent U S residency and a path to citizenship if they graduate from college or serve in the armed forces 272 276 283 Carly Fiorina opposed same sex marriage but supported civil unions She later said that she hoped the nation would support Obergefell v Hodges the decision legalizing same sex marriage and also respect individuals consciences 284 In November 2009 during a The Wall Street Journal interview Fiorina said that she voted in favor of Proposition 8 a California ballot proposition that banned same sex marriage in that state During the 2010 United States Senate election in California Fiorina was endorsed by GOProud a gay conservative organization 285 In 2010 Fiorina stated that she supported the Defense of Marriage Act but also supported civil unions 286 She supported the repeal of Don t Ask Don t Tell 275 In 2015 Fiorina reaffirmed her support for civil unions with the same government benefits accorded to married persons 287 She does not support a constitutional amendment to ban gay marriage 288 In 2017 Fiorina headlined the 40th anniversary of Log Cabin Republicans a political action committee which supports LGBT rights 289 In her address she said Everyone has to be free to be who they are 290 Fiorina believes employers should decide whether they should provide paid maternity leave to their employees and it should not be mandated by the government noting that some companies in the private sector are already doing so 291 292 She also pointed out that HP while she was CEO offered paid maternity leave 291 Foreign and military policy Fiorina has criticized the international nuclear agreement with Iran saying that Iran is at the heart of evil in the Middle East 293 that the agreement is a flawed deal 294 and that there is a lot of reason to be suspicious of it 295 Fiorina also suggested that verification provisions in the agreement were insufficient and that approval of the agreement by the international community and the U S s negotiating partners was suspect because Russia and China have an interest in gaining access to Iran s economy and the European Union has negotiated frankly a number of weak deals 295 Fiorina opposes the normalization of U S Cuba relations telling Hugh Hewitt that if elected she would close the U S embassy in Havana 296 In a January 2015 discussion with an Iowa political blogger Fiorina said of the Chinese They re not terribly imaginative They re not entrepreneurial They don t innovate That s why they re stealing our intellectual property 297 Fiorina supports keeping the Guantanamo Bay detention camp in Cuba open 298 In September 2015 Fiorina offered a vigorous defense of CIA waterboarding a tactic used by the United States during the George W Bush era War on Terror 71 Fiorina s interest in national security issues led to her name being floated for the position of Director of National Intelligence by Donald Trump during the 2016 transition period 265 Economic and fiscal Issues Fiorina was critical of the Affordable Care Act ACA health care reform legislation during the debate in 2009 that led to the act s passage 299 Fiorina has supported repealing the ACA during both her 2010 Senate run in California 300 301 and in her 2015 presidential campaign 302 303 Fiorina has called the law deeply flawed 304 and a vast legislative overreach 302 Fiorina supports an individual mandate that would require individuals to carry high deductible catastrophic care insurance plans and use federal dollars to subsidize state based high risk pools to provide care for those who otherwise cannot afford it 305 Fiorina has stated that there is no constitutional role for the federal government to be setting minimum wages 306 307 and that the minimum wage is a classic example of a policy that is best carried out in the states because economic conditions in New Hampshire vary significantly from more expensive economic conditions in Los Angeles or New York 308 Florina also believes that raising the federal minimum wage would hurt those who are looking for entry level jobs 276 Fiorina opposes net neutrality rules adopted by the Federal Communications Commission FCC and has said she would roll back that policy Regulation over innovation is a really bad role for government 272 309 310 Fiorina has repeatedly criticized the rules arguing that the FCC just issued without anyone commenting on it or anyone voting on it 400 pages of new regulations over the Internet It s not good it s not helpful 311 Fiorina generally believes that reducing government regulations helps to spur the economy 276 She has condemned the Dodd Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act saying in April 2015 that We should get rid of Dodd Frank and start again 312 Fiorina has been questioned by some in the media for stating that not a single regulation has ever been repealed 313 Glenn Kessler of The Washington Post said that Important parts of the economy have been deregulated in recent decades While the repeal of a specific rule is relatively rare there are certainly examples 313 Fiorina favors lowering tax rates simplifying the tax code and closing loopholes that she says mostly benefit wealthy taxpayers 314 315 Florina has said the government needs to take in less tax money not more 316 During her 2010 Senate campaign Fiorina called for eliminating the estate tax and capital gains taxes for investments in small businesses and lowering marginal tax rates 276 Fiorina opposes proposals to increase the federal gas tax or state gas taxes in order to fund the Highway Trust Fund asserting in a February 2015 The Wall Street Journal op ed that Any gas tax hike big or small will harm American families and hurt economic growth 317 Fiorina opposed the federal stimulus package of 2009 intended to create short term job growth and invest in infrastructure education health and renewable energy calling it a waste of taxpayer money 276 Fiorina has said she would cut the pay of federal workers and base their compensation on performance 276 She also advocates zero based budgeting for the federal budget which would start the annual budgeting process for each department from a baseline of zero 314 Fiorina favors expanding the H 1B visa program 318 319 320 321 Writing in opposition to proposals she considered protectionist in a 2004 The Wall Street Journal op ed Fiorina said that while America is the most innovative country it would not remain so if the country were to run away from the reality of the global economy 322 Fiorina said to Congress in 2004 There is no job that is America s God given right anymore We have to compete for jobs as a nation 319 Personal lifeFiorina then Cara Carleton Sneed married Todd Bartlem a Stanford classmate in June 1977 They divorced in 1984 323 In 1981 she was introduced to AT amp T executive Frank Fiorina who told her on their third date that she would one day be running the company 324 She married him in 1985 it was the second marriage for both Fiorina has said that they wanted to have children together but that wasn t God s plan 325 326 327 Frank Fiorina took early retirement from AT amp T in 1998 324 at age 48 to travel with and support his wife in her career 328 Frank Fiorina had two daughters Traci and Lori Ann from his first marriage Their mother Patricia was awarded custody of both children following the divorce Carly helped her husband with raising his daughters Lori Ann struggled with alcoholism prescription drug addiction and bulimia She died in 2009 at age 35 277 329 In February 2009 Fiorina was diagnosed with stage II breast cancer She underwent a double mastectomy 330 331 at Stanford Hospital in March 2009 followed by chemotherapy which caused her to temporarily lose her hair and later radiation therapy 332 She was given an excellent prognosis for a full recovery 333 334 In late 2009 during her campaign for the United States Senate seat held by Barbara Boxer Fiorina humorously told a group of supporters I have to say that after chemotherapy Barbara Boxer just isn t that scary anymore 335 According to the financial disclosures filed by Fiorina s campaign in June 2015 she and her husband have a combined net worth of 59 million 336 Fiorina has released the income tax returns that she and her husband jointly filed in 2013 and 2012 in those years the Fiorinas reported income of almost 2 million and 1 3 million respectively 336 Fiorina and her husband live in a home in the Washington D C suburb of Mason Neck Virginia overlooking the Potomac River 337 338 The house and grounds were valued at 6 6 million in 2015 336 At the time of the 2010 Senate election Fiorina and her husband lived in Los Altos Hills California a San Francisco Bay area suburb 339 340 Between 2005 and 2012 Fiorina and her husband also owned a condominium in the Georgetown neighborhood of Washington where they lived for roughly half the year they sold the condo for 5 3 million 339 341 342 343 Discussing her religious faith Fiorina said that she is Christian 344 Specifically she said that she was raised Episcopalian but is not a regular churchgoer 345 346 347 See alsoRepublican Party presidential candidates 2016References Sellers Patricia March 23 2009 Behind Fortune s Most Powerful Women Fortune Retrieved April 1 2015 Grocer Stephen August 16 2007 The H P Compaq Union From Controversy to Success WSJ Blogs Deal Journal Retrieved October 8 2015 Bagley Constance Managers and the Legal Environment Strategies for the 21st Century p 599 Cengage Learning 2015 Carly Fiorina Secretary to CEO Carly Fiorina Secretary to CEO Retrieved January 6 2016 a b c d e Farley Robert Ad from Sen Barbara Boxer attacks Carly Fiorina for layoffs at HP Politifact September 17 2010 According to SEC filings HP had 84 400 employees worldwide in 2001 the year before the merger In 2001 Compaq had 63 700 full time employees That comes to a total of 148 100 workers In 2005 just after her departure HP s worldwide workforce reached 150 000 Net gain In the Los Angeles Times story reporter Robin Abcarian said that statement is dubious because in that same period HP bought more than a dozen other U S companies with at least 8 000 employees according to company filings press releases and news reports It s clear that Fiorina laid off 30 000 workers as a result of the merger with Compaq as she said in the interview with InformationWeek And it s clear that by October 2005 the merged company employed more workers than the two separate companies had pre merger Fiorina had been forced out seven months earlier in February 2005 But some of those jobs may have resulted from acquisitions and some may have been abroad a b Goldman David Behind Carly Fiorina s 30 000 HP layoffs CNN September 21 2015 She has also noted correctly that despite bruising layoffs she hired more people than she fired HP and Compaq had a combined 148 100 employees just before she was hired in 1999 and 150 000 by the time she was fired in 2005 a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Leadership Challenges at Hewlett Packard Through the looking Glass PDF Stanford Graduate School of Business Retrieved August 14 2015 a b c Tam Pui Wing February 10 2005 H P s Board Ousts Fiorina as CEO The Wall Street Journal Retrieved May 9 2015 Ms Fiorina s ouster reflects increasingly clear strategic problems at H P The company faces fierce competition from Dell Inc in personal computers and International Business Machines Corp in computer services and corporate computing a b c Burrows Peter Elgin Ben March 14 2005 The Surprise Player Behind The Coup At HP Bloomberg BusinessWeek Retrieved May 9 2015 Good360 interview NBC September 13 2013 Latest quest October 8 2014 Forbes U S Senate California ABC News Archived from the original on May 10 2015 Retrieved August 30 2015 McKinley Jesse November 3 2010 In California Boxer Wins Senate Race and Brown Is Leading for Governor The New York Times Retrieved November 3 2010 Fiorina Carly 2006 Tough Choices a memoir Portfolio p 1 ISBN 159184133X Ward Vicky June 2002 The Battle for Hewlett Packard Vanity Fair Court of Appeals Mourns Loss of Senior Circuit Judge Joseph T Sneed PDF United States Courts for the 9th Circuit February 13 2008 Retrieved August 12 2015 Connie Skipitares February 16 2008 Joseph Sneed judge father of Carly Fiorina San Jose Mercury News Retrieved August 12 2015 Egelko Bob February 14 2008 Joseph Sneed dies longtime 9th Circuit judge San Francisco Chronicle History of the Federal Judiciary fjc gov Carly Fiorina Fast Facts CNN August 20 2015 Retrieved August 28 2015 a b c Bruni Frank June 2 2010 Carly Fiorina Means Business The New York Times Retrieved May 8 2015 Carly Fiorina Marilinda J Garcia Ovide M Lamontagne February 6 2016 Presidential Candidate Carly Fiorina Town Hall Meeting in Goffstown New Hampshire C SPAN Retrieved February 6 2016 audience member asks whether she d been a Girl Scout after photography session Carly Fiorina Biography Business Leader U S Representative 1954 biography com Patricia Sellers May 4 2015 How Carly Fiorina got famous Fortune Retrieved August 7 2015 For a time she dreamed of being a classical pianist Naylor Brian May 3 2015 5 Things You Should Know About Carly Fiorina NPR Retrieved May 9 2015 Fiorina Carly June 19 2004 HP Carly Fiorina Speech UCLA Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science Commencement Address Hewlett Packard Retrieved April 1 2015 Horowitz Jason November 26 2015 For Carly Fiorina Peripatetic Childhood Helped Build Worldview The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved December 3 2015 Fiorina Tough Choices p 21 Merton Robert C Notable Alumni MIT Sloan MBA Massachusetts Institute of Technology Archived from the original on May 5 2015 Retrieved May 8 2015 a b c Sellers Patricia Daniels Cora October 12 1998 The 50 Most Powerful Women In American Business In an age of celebrity it may surprise you that our No 1 woman is someone you ve never heard of Fortune New York Retrieved August 21 2015 a b c d Peter Burrows Peter Elstrom August 2 1999 HP s Carly Fiorina The Boss Bloomberg Businessweek New York Retrieved August 14 2015 Fiorina managed the highly successful spin off of Lucent in 1996 Henneberger Melinda April 30 2015 What Brought Carly Fiorina Down at HP Is Her Greatest 2016 Asset Bloomberg Retrieved May 9 2015 a b c Carly Fiorina Biography Business Leader 1954 bio Newark New Jersey Retrieved August 21 2015 Systems and technology company headquarters top execs announced Press release November 20 1995 a b Lucent Technologies October 15 1996 Fiorina to Head Consumer Products Business for Lucent Technologies EETimes Press release Retrieved August 7 2015 AT amp T announces board members SEC filing for new company Press release February 5 1996 Lucent Technologies appoints chief operating officers organizes business around fastest growth opportunities Press release October 23 1997 Burrows Peter 2013 Backfire Carly Fiorina s High Stakes Battle for the Soul of Hewlett Packard Wiley p 103 ISBN 978 0471267652 Philips And Lucent Complete PCC Joint Venture Press release PR Newswire October 1 1997 Retrieved August 7 2015 a b c d Carly Fiorina s troubling telecom past Fortune Retrieved August 19 2015 Wharton School October 18 2006 An Interview with Carly Fiorina Knowledge Wharton Retrieved May 9 2015 Boyle Matthew October 24 2007 Former Hewlett Packard CEO Carly Fiorina speaks out CNN Retrieved April 1 2015 Carroll Jon August 12 2009 The Fiorina Perplex San Francisco Chronicle Retrieved April 1 2015 Greenfield Karl Taro August 2 1999 What glass ceiling Carly Fiorina takes over Hewlett Packard becoming the first woman CEO of a Dow 30 firm Time p 72 a b c Sonnenfeld Jeffrey Carly Fiorina as a boss The disappointing truth Fortune Retrieved August 15 2015 a b c d e f g Johnson Craig November 2008 The rise and fall of Carly Fiorina an ethical case study Journal of Leadership amp Organizational Studies SAGE Publications 15 2 188 196 doi 10 1177 1548051808320983 S2CID 145194793 Gordon Dave June 1 2020 Carly Fiorina s journey from secretary to CEO BBC News Retrieved June 1 2020 DiCarlo Lisa May 4 2000 Agilent Ready To Leave Hewlett Packard s Nest Forbes Archived from the original on March 2 2001 Retrieved May 9 2015 Trainor Tim November 14 2000 Hewlett Packard to Pricewaterhouse Never Mind CoStar Archived from the original on May 18 2015 Retrieved May 9 2015 Steffy Loren May 14 2008 With merger HP adopts Fiorina s strategy Houston Chronicle Retrieved May 9 2015 Haff Gordon May 13 2008 HP EDS and the ghost of Carly CNET Retrieved October 11 2015 Topics ZDNet Zdnetasia com August 20 2014 Retrieved April 1 2015 permanent dead link Clark Andrew October 20 2006 Hewlett Packard overtakes Dell as top PC maker Business The Guardian London Retrieved April 1 2015 Norr Henry October 18 2002 HP loses No 1 spot in sales to Dell Rivals worldwide figures competitively close amid signs of stronger market San Francisco Chronicle Retrieved April 1 2015 a b c Ed Eduljee HP Hewlett Packard s Corporate Governance Woes Part 1 heritageinstitute com Tam Pui Wing February 11 2002 Walter Hewlett s H P Plan Excludes Carly Fiorina Emphasizes Printers The Wall Street Journal Retrieved May 9 2015 Kawamoto Dawn March 13 2002 Walter Hewlett speaks out CNET Philip Phil M Condit Former Chair and Chief Executive Officer The Boeing Company Boeing October 10 20014 Pimentel Benjamin September 6 2006 HP pushing out veteran member of board San Francisco Chronicle Retrieved September 25 2006 Vries Lloyd February 10 2005 The Rise amp Fall Of Carly Fiorina CBS News Retrieved May 9 2015 a b Ben Rosen April 9 2008 The Merger That Worked Compaq and Hewlett Packard The Huffington Post Retrieved August 10 2015 Loomis Carol February 7 2005 Why Carly s big bet is failing Fortune Classics 2005 Fortune Retrieved August 7 2015 Alice LaPlante June 1 2007 Compaq and HP Ultimately the Urge to Merge Was Right Stanford Business School Insights by Stanford Business Retrieved August 10 2015 Pete Carey November 20 2012 HP s acquisition misstep far from the first San Jose Mercury News Michael J De la Merced August 18 2011 Hewlett Packard s Rocky Deal History The New York Times a b c d Fiorina s HP Earned Millions From Sales in Iran Bloomberg com Bloomberg September 14 2015 Retrieved September 20 2015 Carly Fiorina amp H P Thwarted U S Sanctions Sold 120 Million In Product To Iran Headline and Global News September 16 2015 Retrieved September 20 2015 Report HP sells printers in Iran with third party The Boston Globe Retrieved September 20 2015 Stockman Farah December 29 2008 HP uses third party to sell printers in Iran Calif firm s sales soar in embargo The Boston Globe Archived from the original on September 25 2015 Retrieved September 20 2015 Fiorina faces questions over HP sales in Iran The Arizona Republic Retrieved September 20 2015 a b c d e Michael Isikoff Carly Fiorina defends Bush era torture and spying calls for more transparency Yahoo News September 28 2015 The rise and fall of the HP Way April 10 2002 paloaltoonline com Fiorina Hurd no practitioners of The HP Way Reuters August 9 2010 Archived from the original on October 1 2015 Retrieved June 30 2017 Elsbach Kimberly Stigliani Ileana Stroud Amy July September 2012 The building of employee distrust a case study of Hewlett Packard from 1995 to 2010 PDF Organizational Dynamics Elsevier 41 3 254 263 doi 10 1016 j orgdyn 2012 03 003 S2CID 153839614 Rosenberg Yuval May 5 2015 Carly Fiorina s Real Record at HP Is She Presidential Material The Fiscal Times Archived from the original on August 22 2015 Retrieved August 22 2015 Steven Levy The Perfect Thing How the iPod Shuffles Commerce Culture and Coolness Simon amp Schuster 2006 pp 98 99 a b How Steve Jobs Fleeced Carly Fiorina Backchannel Medium Retrieved October 8 2015 Charles Arthur Digital Wars Apple Google Microsoft and the Battle for the Internet 2d ed Kogan Page 2014 p 122 Steven Levy The Perfect Thing How the iPod Shuffles Commerce Culture and Coolness Simon amp Schuster 2006 p 100 David Goldman Carly Fiorina has a long history of talking about Steve Jobs CNN Money September 17 2015 Mark Morgan Raymond E Levitt amp William A Malek Executing Your Strategy How to Break it Down and Get it Done Harvard Business School Press 2007 p 107 Alex Pham amp Joseph Menn Hewlett Packard Unplugs Its IPod Deal The company says it will no longer sell Apple s music player Is a new CEO behind the shift Los Angeles Times July 30 2005 Benjamin Snyder How Steve Jobs totally tricked Carly Fiorina The story of the ill fated iPod HP Fortune October 1 2015 HP to cut 6 000 jobs as revenues fall short 3000 News Wire August 2001 Retrieved September 25 2015 Swartz Jon December 4 2001 Many H P employees oppose deal with Compaq USA Today Retrieved September 25 2015 a b c Many H P employees oppose deal with Compaq USA Today December 4 2001 Retrieved August 15 2015 While Fiorina travels aboard a US 30 million Gulfstream IV employees joke they can t order books and supplies HP at Cultural Crossroads IBS Center for Management Research Retrieved August 16 2015 Richtel Matt Can Hewlett Compaq Succeed Beyond PC s The New York Times September 5 2001 The new company would have 135 000 employees a figure that includes 15 000 job cuts in addition to 11 000 previously announced cutbacks 5 000 at Compaq and 6 000 at Hewlett Packard that have yet to take place Williams Molly September 5 2001 H P s Fiorina Takes On Hefty Job In Turning Around Merged Giant The Wall Street Journal Rushe Dominic March 29 2015 Ex HP chief Carly Fiorina sets sights on Clinton as she nears presidential run The Guardian Abcarian Robin Profits may not equal success Los Angeles Times May 20 2010 According to HP s government filings the company had 84 400 employees worldwide in 2001 the year before the merger In 2001 Compaq had 63 700 full time employees Together the two companies would have a total workforce of 148 100 But in that same period HP bought more than a dozen other U S companies with at least 8 000 employees according to company filings press releases and news reports And in 2005 when Fiorina was fired the company reported a worldwide workforce of 150 000 a b Kessler Glenn Carly Fiorina s misleading claims about her business record The Washington Post May 8 2015 T he number of HP employees was 84 800 in 1999 and 151 000 in 2004 according to the 10 K reports On paper that certainly looks like an increase in jobs But before the merger with Compaq HP had 86 200 employees and Compaq had 63 700 employees That adds up to 149 900 HP s filings show that the combined company had 141 000 employees in 2002 and 142 000 employees in 2003 By 2005 the number was 150 000 In other words the number of employees barely budged from the pre merger total and people lost jobs as a result The Los Angeles Times evaluating Fiorina s record when she ran for the Senate in 2010 noted that during her tenure HP also acquired more than a dozen other companies with at least 8 000 employees Indeed Fiorina has acknowledged firing more than 30 000 workers in the wake of the Compaq merger Hewlett Packard and Compaq agree to merge creating 87 billion global technology leader Hewlett Packard September 3 2001 Retrieved September 21 2015 a b c d President Fiorina How Carly did at HP USA Today May 4 2015 Carly Fiorina s misleading claims about her business record The Washington Post May 8 2015 Sellers Patricia September 18 2015 Why Carly Fiorina will likely be the Republican VP nominee Fortune Retrieved September 19 2015 Gandel Stephen September 17 2015 Fact check Carly Fiorina didn t have a great run as CEO of Hewlett Packard Fortune Retrieved September 19 2015 a b Analysts Carly Fiorina long on vision fell short on execution at HP San Jose Mercury News April 20 2010 Tam Pui Wing January 24 2005 Hewlett Packard Board Considers A Reorganization Management Moves Stem From Performance Concerns Helping Fiorina Succeed The Wall Street Journal Retrieved May 9 2015 Irwin Tim 2012 Derailed Five Lessons Learned from Catastrophic Failures of Leadership ISBN 978 1418581046 Hewlett Packard February 9 2005 HP Chair and CEO Carly Fiorina Steps Down Press release Hewlett Packard Retrieved May 5 2015 La Monica Paul R February 10 2005 Fiorina out HP stock soars CNN Retrieved May 9 2015 Reeves Scott October 31 2004 Fiorina Is Out At HP Forbes Retrieved May 8 2015 a b Fiorina Tough Choices Chapter 30 Paul Franklin May 13 2008 HP to buy EDS for 12 6 bln in challenge to IBM Reuters Archived from the original on May 18 2008 Retrieved November 20 2015 a b Steffy Loren With merger HP adopts Fiorina s strategy 8 years later San Francisco Chronicle May 14 2008 opinion Suddath Claire October 8 2008 Carly Sneed Fiorina Biggest Golden Parachutes Time Retrieved May 9 2015 Task Aaron September 30 2011 Another Corporate Outrage Golden Parachutes for Failed CEOs Yahoo Retrieved May 9 2015 Tam Pui Wing February 10 2005 H P s Board Ousts Fiorina as CEO The Wall Street Journal Retrieved August 26 2015 Sellers Patricia October 12 1998 The 50 Most Powerful Women in American Business Fortune Retrieved July 15 2008 HP s Fiorina leads Fortune s most powerful women s list CNN September 29 2003 Scardino Marjorie April 26 2004 The 2004 Time 100 Our list of the most influential people in the world today Time Time Inc p Builders amp Titans Carly Fiorina Retrieved May 8 2015 MacDonald Elizabeth Schoenberger Chana R August 20 2004 The World s 100 Most Powerful Women Forbes Archived from the original on October 11 2004 Retrieved October 13 2009 Anders George February 10 2005 How CEO s Traits Helped Hurt The Wall Street Journal Retrieved August 14 2015 HP After Carly What Went Wrong Knowledge Wharton Wharton School March 30 2005 Tobak Steve April 27 2012 America s worst CEOs Where are they now CBS News Retrieved May 9 2015 Maney Kevin February 16 2005 Can Fiorina trump competition for worst tech CEO title USA Today Retrieved May 9 2015 Portfolio s Worst American CEOs of All Time CNBC April 30 2009 Retrieved May 11 2015 Rankings By Portfolio com McAllister Neil January 21 2008 Tech s all time top 25 flops InfoWorld com Retrieved April 1 2015 Abcarian Robin May 12 2015 Carly Fiorina s imaginary race against Hillary Clinton Los Angeles Times Retrieved September 23 2015 Farley Robert September 17 2010 Fact checking Sen Barbara Boxer s attack ad on Carly Fiorina s record at HP PolitiFact Retrieved September 30 2015 a b Harwell Drew Paquette Danielle September 26 2015 Fiorina s record at HP defines her candidacy which could be a problem The Washington Post Retrieved September 30 2015 Abcarian Robin September 24 2015 At Hewlett Packard Carly Fiorina snuffed out a beloved tech culture Los Angeles Times Retrieved September 30 2015 Zapler Mike Analysts Carly Fiorina long on vision fell short on execution at HP San Jose Mercury News April 20 2010 Barrett Craig History straightens out facts Carly Fiorina positioned HP for success San Jose Mercury News April 4 2010 opinion Brilliant or Blunder A Rashomon Roundtable on Carly Fiorina s Compaq Acquisition Bloomberg News May 4 2015 Zarroli Jim October 15 2006 Tough Choices the Rise and Fall of Carly Fiorina NPR Books Retrieved April 27 2015 Burrows Peter 2003 Backfire Carly Fiorina s high stakes battle for the soul of Hewlett Packard Hoboken NJ J Wiley amp Sons ISBN 0471267651 Anders George 2003 Perfect Enough Carly Fiorina and the Reinvention of Hewlett Packard New York Portfolio ISBN 1591840031 Preston Holly Hubbard May 17 2003 Book Report Perfect Enough The New York Times Retrieved April 27 2015 Learmonth Michael October 10 2007 Fox cabler signs Fiorina Daily Variety p 4 Fiorina joins Case s company CNN September 9 2005 Retrieved May 9 2015 Carly Fiorina Joins Cybertrust Board of Directors Press release PR Newswire October 27 2005 Retrieved May 9 2015 Nystedt Dan April 6 2006 Carly Fiorina joins board of chip maker TSMC Network World Archived from the original on October 13 2012 Retrieved May 9 2015 TSMC Annual Report 2009 Corporate Governance PDF document tsmc com 2009 pp 24 31 Retrieved May 8 2015 TSMC Annual Report 2009 PDF document tsmc com 2009 p 29 Retrieved September 20 2015 TSMC Annual Report 2008 PDF document tsmc com 2009 p 28 Retrieved September 20 2015 FutureBoston National panelists The Boston Globe Retrieved April 1 2015 Former Corporation Members MIT Corporation Lu Alicia May 5 2015 What Was Carly Fiorina s Job After Leaving Hewlett Packard A Look At Her Journey From HP To The 2016 Presidential Race Bustle Retrieved May 9 2015 World Economic Forum June 30 2005 Annual Report PDF weforum Archived from the original PDF on September 29 2007 Retrieved May 10 2015 The Foundation Board not to be confused with the Managing Board is responsible for inspiring business and public confidence by ensuring a flawless standard of governance Board members are individuals with unique leadership experience from business politics academia and civil society a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a Cite journal requires journal help TSMC Says Carly Fiorina Agrees to Join Board of Directors as Independent Member Press release TSMC April 6 2006 Retrieved May 9 2015 Gov McDonnell Makes Appointments to JMU Board of Visitors Press release James Madison University July 9 2012 Archived from the original on September 10 2014 Retrieved July 9 2012 Brust Amelia May 5 2015 Fiorina Resigns From JMU Board Of Visitors No Archive Search Results Harrisonburg Virginia nl newsbank com Daily News Record Harrisonburg VA Retrieved May 8 2015 Before announcing her bid Monday for the 2016 Republican presidential nomination Carly Fiorina resigned from James Madison University s board of visitors A replacement will likely be chosen next month according to Brian Coy a spokesman for Gov Terry McAuliffe Coy confirmed that Fiorina notified the governor s office of her resignation as vice rector in a March 27 letter saying her current activities preclude her ability to give this board the time and Alden Doug May 9 2015 A good day to graduate New Hampshire Union Leader Retrieved July 11 2017 Ehley Brianna May 4 2015 10 Things You Didn t Know About Carly Fiorina The Fiscal Times Retrieved August 28 2015 a b c d e Williams Lance July 10 2009 Fiorina failed to register business foundation San Francisco Chronicle Retrieved May 5 2015 Clabaugh Jeff April 18 2012 Carly Fiorina joins Good360 Washington Business Journal Retrieved October 12 2012 Heim Joe October 28 2014 Just Asking Carly Fiorina of Good360 The Washington Post Retrieved May 5 2016 Hackman Tom January 14 2014 Alexandria non profit Good360 wins national award will do more good The Washington Post The 50 Largest U S Charities Forbes December 2014 Mathai Raj September 13 2013 The Interview Carly Fiorina NBC Dolan Kerry October 8 2014 Carly Fiorina s Latest Quest Rallying Corporate America To Help Fight Ebola Forbes Cheney Kyle Is Carly the real deal Politico Retrieved April 27 2016 One Woman Initiative Fund for Women s Empowerment state gov October 28 2008 Casserly Meghan February 14 2013 Carly Fiorina s New Gig Changing The World One Microloan And Woman At A Time Forbes Retrieved May 14 2015 a b United States Department of State DoS May 12 2008 The One Woman Initiative A Women s Empowerment Fund For Justice Opportunity Leadership PDF document U S Department of State state gov documents Retrieved May 14 2015 Documents 2001 2009 organizations Gina Jackson June 3 2009 One Woman Initiative Announces First Grants to Women s Organizations in Five Nations Press release reference no 202 712 4320 Press release United States Agency for International Development USAID Retrieved May 14 2015 Year Old USAID State Department Private Sector Initiative Unveils Initial Aid to Local Groups Chair Carly Fiorina USAID s Lisa Chiles and CAFAmerica s Saxon Harrold Report on Progress a b Opportunity International February 14 2013 Opportunity International Joins Forces with Carly Fiorina s One Woman Initiative Fiorina to Serve as Global Ambassador to Opportunity Press Release Oak Brook IL Opportunity org Retrieved May 13 2015 Opportunity International May 4 2015 Carly Fiorina Steps Down as Global Board Chair of Opportunity International US Board Chair Mark Thompson to Assume New Role Effective Immediately Press Release opportunity org Oak Brook IL Opportunity International a 501 c 3 nonprofit Retrieved May 13 2015 Griset Richard December 4 2020 Carly Fiorina elected chair of Colonial Williamsburg Foundation board Virginia Business Retrieved January 23 2021 a b Jackson David May 4 2015 Fiorina jumps into GOP presidential race USA Today Retrieved August 26 2015 Rucker Philip November 25 2014 Carly Fiorina actively explores 2016 presidential run but faces GOP critics The Washington Post Retrieved August 26 2015 But Fiorina 60 has considerable challenges chiefly that she has sought but never held public office Carly Fiorina will run for president as a successful tech CEO Silicon Valley says that s a fantasy The Guardian May 3 2015 Fiorina 60 has never held public office Pengelly Martin May 31 2015 Carly Fiorina highlights outsider role most in US have never heard my name The Guardian Jacoby Mary April 22 2008 Carly Fiorina Gets a Plug for VP Job The Wall Street Journal Retrieved May 9 2015 Eilperin Juliet January 23 2008 McCain Outlines Economic Plans The Trail Retrieved May 9 2015 Zernike Kate May 18 2008 She Just Might Be President Someday The New York Times Retrieved May 9 2015 a b Carpenter Amanda March 7 2008 RNC Merges with McCain Townhall com Retrieved May 9 2015 Corn David June 13 2008 Why Is Carly Fiorina a Symbol of Corporate Excesses McCain s Favorite CEO Mother Jones Retrieved April 1 2015 Parker Jennifer September 17 2008 McCain Economic Adviser Carly Fiorina s Golden Parachute ABC News Archived from the original on September 2 2015 Retrieved April 1 2015 Weiner Rachel October 23 2008 McCain Defends Fiorina s Golden Parachute The Huffington Post Retrieved April 1 2015 Fiorina Carly 2008 Remarks As Prepared for Delivery Carly Fiorina Republican National Committee Archived from the original on May 18 2015 Retrieved May 9 2015 Ostrom Mary Anne September 3 2008 Former valley tech leaders Fiorina Whitman tout McCain his economic plan Mercury News Retrieved September 15 2008 Mooney Alexander September 15 2008 Fiorina calls SNL impersonation of Palin sexist CNN Retrieved May 9 2015 CBS News Face the Nation transcript PDF CBS News August 31 2008 Retrieved September 19 2008 Marinucci Carla September 17 2008 Fiorina Candidates not CEO Material The San Francisco Chronicle Retrieved September 19 2008 a b King John September 16 2008 Fiorina s comment called Biden like CNN Retrieved September 16 2008 Swaine John September 18 2008 John McCain s economic adviser Carly Fiorina hidden away after gaffes The Daily Telegraph London Archived from the original on January 12 2022 Retrieved August 12 2015 Christopher Tommy September 16 2008 Will Carly Fiorina Disappear Like Gramm AOL News Retrieved February 16 2011 Orr Jimmy September 16 2008 Is Fiorina finished Two big mistakes get Carly in trouble The Christian Science Monitor Retrieved September 16 2008 McCain camp disappears Fiona Countdown with Keith Olbermann September 17 2008 Archived from the original on February 2 2004 Juliet Eilperin June 12 2008 McCain Obama Reaching Out to Female Voters washingtonpost com Why Carly Fiorina Is So Important to John McCain Newsweek New York City May 13 2008 Retrieved August 12 2015 I m talking about Carly Fiorina the former chief executive officer of Hewlett Packard being sent out to reassure business class voters on behalf of John McCain Fiorina has emerged as the most prominent surrogate on economics issues in any of the major campaigns and her alliance with McCain suggests both his strength and his weakness on the subject Rothenberg Stuart June 30 2008 Is Carly Fiorina the Answer to McCain s Prayers for a VP RealClearPolitics Chicago Retrieved August 12 2015 a b Williamson Elizabeth May 4 2015 Fiorina s Time at H P Gets a Close Look After launching bid for president ex CEO defends tough choices at computing giant The Wall Street Journal Dow Jones amp Company Inc Retrieved May 15 2015 a b c Geraghty Jim May 5 2015 The CEO and the CIA National Review Retrieved May 15 2015 a b c d e Kucinich Jackie February 25 2015 Carly Fiorina Is Getting a CPAC Upgrade The Daily Beast Retrieved May 15 2015 Linkins Jason September 22 2009 Carly Fiorina Launches Worst Political Website Ever The Huffington Post Retrieved May 9 2015 Sharp Joshua February 21 2009 Carly Fiorina Considering Bid to Oust Barbara Boxer in 2010 Politics Daily Archived from the original on June 1 2015 Retrieved May 9 2015 Ebright Olsen September 25 2009 The Splash Page Mocked Across the Internet Carly Fiorina s website gets its online comeuppance NBC San Diego Archived from the original on October 23 2010 Retrieved October 13 2009 Rubin Richard February 15 2005 Marin Voice Boxer appears ready for 2010 re election battle Marin Independent Journal Archived from the original on September 28 2009 Retrieved October 13 2009 Barr Andy May 6 2010 Facebook turns on Sarah Palin Politico Retrieved May 9 2015 Travis Shannon May 11 2010 Conservative gives the candidate he backs in California an ultimatum CNN Retrieved May 9 2015 Garofoli Joe February 5 2010 Demon sheep ad may be bad move experts say San Francisco Chronicle Retrieved April 1 2015 snu April 28 2010 Wackelnder demokratischer Senatssitz Uncertain democratic senate seat Neue Zurcher Zeitung in German Zurich p 9 Sie durfte sich indes mit ihren filmtechnisch stumperhaften inhaltlich dummlichen Werbespots gegen ihren innerparteilichen Widersacher Tom Campbell komprimittiert haben Darin zeichnet Fiorina den allgemein als kompetent und freundlich geltenden Abgeordneten als gefahrlichen Wolf im Schafspelz Feldmann Linda May 7 2010 Demon Sheep the sequel starring Carly Fiorina The Christian Science Monitor Retrieved May 9 2015 Shih Gerry June 8 2010 Fiorina Eyes Boxer After Primary Win The Bay Citizen Archived from the original on May 18 2015 Retrieved May 9 2015 Hiltzik Michael November 5 2009 Carly Fiorina s Senate campaign an uninspiring product launch Los Angeles Times Retrieved November 8 2009 Lin Judy November 5 2009 Fiorina Shame on me for not voting more Yahoo News Associated Press Retrieved November 8 2009 Strasser Max October 7 2010 What Is Carly Fiorina s Position on Abortion Archived from the original on October 14 2010 Retrieved May 9 2015 Mehta Seema January 15 2010 Tom Campbell leaves California governor s race enters Senate contest Los Angeles Times Retrieved May 9 2015 Bolcer Julie August 5 2010 Fiorina Opposed to Prop 8 Ruling The Advocate Archived from the original on August 23 2010 Retrieved August 5 2010 Zapler Mike September 29 2010 Fiorina Boxer clash in radio debate San Jose Mercury News Retrieved May 9 2015 Zapler Mark November 18 2009 Fiorina faces the D C press corps but offers few specifics San Jose Mercury News Retrieved March 15 2010 Koch Wendy June 6 2010 Carly Fiorina calls climate change the weather USA Today Retrieved June 7 2010 Williams Lance July 27 2010 Fiorina backed by coal mining firms The San Francisco Chronicle Retrieved May 9 2015 Rutten Tim September 25 2010 Fiorina s Billionaire Backers Los Angeles Times Retrieved May 9 2015 Stein Sam March 13 2010 Demon Sheep Ad Man Strikes Again Morphs Boxer Into a Blimp Video The Huffington Post Marinucci Carla Garofoli Joe March 14 2010 Lots of tough talk at state GOP convention San Francisco Chronicle Retrieved May 17 2010 Rucker Philip November 25 2014 Carly Fiorina actively explores 2016 presidential run but faces GOP critics The Washington Post Retrieved August 18 2015 Fiorina adds US 1 million for final push in Senate race CBS News October 22 2010 Retrieved May 1 2014 Wood Daniel B October 8 2010 Toxic touch Why Carly Fiorina and Meg Whitman shy from Sarah Palin The Christian Science Monitor Retrieved May 1 2014 Reston Maeve November 4 2010 Barbara Boxer overcame several hurdles to defeat Carly Fiorina in Senate race Los Angeles Times Retrieved May 9 2015 Fiorina Carly Unlocking Potential Project Up Project Archived from the original on July 7 2014 Retrieved April 27 2015 Sadler Frank Fiorina Carly Unlocking Potential Project UP Project org p Our Mission Archived from the original on July 6 2014 Retrieved May 6 2015 Rucker Philip Gold Matea November 25 2014 Carly Fiorina actively explores 2016 presidential run but faces GOP critics The Washington Post Retrieved May 6 2015 Carly Fiorina Chair Unlocking Potential Project Unlocking Potential Project Archived from the original on August 15 2014 Retrieved April 27 2015 a b Rigas Laura September 23 2013 ACU Announces Carly Fiorina as New Chair of Foundation American Conservative Union ACU conservative org Washington DC American Conservative Union ACU Archived from the original on May 18 2015 Retrieved May 13 2015 Berenson Tessa February 26 2015 Carly Fiorina Slams Hillary Clinton at CPAC Time Magazine Time com Time Inc Retrieved May 15 2015 Chozick Amy May 4 2015 Carly Fiorina Announces 2016 Presidential Bid Citing Years Leading Hewlett Packard Text and video The New York Times Retrieved May 15 2015 Andrew J Tobias Here are 6 Cleveland venues that are hosting watch parties for the GOP debate on Thursday Cleveland Plain Dealer August 4 2015 Marinucci Carla September 24 2014 Carly Fiorina won t rule out run for White House San Francisco Chronicle Retrieved September 26 2014 Catanese David July 28 2014 A Female Republican for President in 2016 U S News amp World Report Retrieved September 9 2014 Carly Fiorina Running For President AOL Retrieved September 9 2014 Quigley Bernie March 14 2014 Carly Fiorina A True West conservative at CPAC 2014 The Hill Retrieved September 9 2014 Cupp S E June 30 2014 Carly Fiorina slams Dems War on Women campaign CNN Retrieved September 9 2014 Rucker Philip Gold Matea November 25 2014 Carly Fiorina actively explores 2016 presidential run but faces GOP critics The Washington Post Retrieved November 26 2014 Knowles David March 29 2015 Carly Fiorina Says Chances of Running Are Higher Than 90 Percent Bloomberg L P Retrieved May 4 2015 Gass Nick May 4 2015 Carly Fiorina Yes I am running for President Politico Retrieved May 4 2015 Glueck Katie May 4 2015 Carly Fiorina steps into White House race swinging at Hillary Clinton Politico Retrieved May 4 2015 Lee MJ May 5 2015 Carly Fiorina s HP record clouds her campaign launch CNN Retrieved May 6 2015 Beres Damon May 4 2015 Presidential Candidate Carly Fiorina Didn t Register carlyfiorina org And It s Coming Back To Haunt Her The Huffington Post Retrieved May 6 2015 Dunham Will Hay Andrew May 5 2015 Carly Fiorina Defends Tenure At Hewlett Packard After Criticism Over Layoffs Reuters Retrieved May 6 2015 Republicans Face Off In First GOP Debate Of 2016 Election The Huffington Post August 6 2015 Retrieved August 7 2015 Carly Fiorina shines in first GOP debate CNN Retrieved August 7 2015 Cillizza Chris August 6 2015 Carly Fiorina won the Happy Hour debate By a lot The Washington Post ISSN 0190 8286 Retrieved August 7 2015 Capehart Jonathan August 7 2015 Marco Rubio and Carly Fiorina win the Republican debate The Washington Post ISSN 0190 8286 Retrieved August 7 2015 Johnson Jenna Williams Vanessa August 6 2015 Carly Fiorina looks to break out after a shining performance in the undercard debate The Washington Post ISSN 0190 8286 Retrieved August 7 2015 Good debate Is Carly ready for more spotlight CNBC August 7 2015 Retrieved August 7 2015 How Carly Fiorina plans to capitalize on the presidential debate buzz Sen Rand Paul fires back at Donald Trump s jabs Fox News Channel August 9 2015 Retrieved August 10 2015 Donald Trump Still in the Lead After Debates New NBC News Survey Monkey Poll NBC News Retrieved August 10 2015 Hiltzik Michael September 18 2015 Column It s time for Carly Fiorina to apologize to Planned Parenthood Los Angeles Times Retrieved February 26 2021 a b Holan Angie Drobnic December 13 2015 All Politicians Lie Some Lie More Than Others The New York Times Retrieved February 26 2021 Gass Nick September 17 2015 Planned Parenthood accuses Fiorina of lying during debate Politico Retrieved February 26 2021 Fund John April 19 2015 Fiorina Has Hillary Defenders Worried National Review nationalreview com Retrieved May 9 2015 Goldberg Michelle May 4 2015 Carly Fiorina Is Running to Be 2016 s Sarah Palin The Nation Retrieved May 11 2015 HP head Meg Whitman Carly Fiorina needs more than CEO experience CNN November 1 2015 Retrieved November 2 2015 HP CEO Says That Carly Fiorina Is Not Qualified To Be President The Huffington Post November 2 2015 Retrieved November 2 2015 Carly Fiorina reveals personal net worth of US 59 million Politico Retrieved August 16 2015 Ballhaus Rebecca June 3 2015 Carly Fiorina and Her Husband Have 59 Million Net Worth The Wall Street Journal New York Retrieved August 17 2015 Republican presidential candidate Carly Fiorina and her husband have a net worth of 59 million her campaign said late Wednesday making her one of the wealthiest candidates in the race so far Carly Fiorina Leadership Former Hewlett Packard CEO s Net Worth Why She Was Fired As First Female Executive Of Fortune 500 Company International Business Times May 4 2015 Retrieved August 18 2015 U S Republican debate brings outsider Fiorina to the fore Reuters September 17 2015 Archived from the original on November 23 2015 Retrieved June 30 2017 Jeremy W Peters Carly Fiorina Gains Traction in Debate Helping G O P Reach Out to Women The New York Times September 17 2015 Retrieved September 17 2015 Sean Sullivan and Jose A DelReal Carly Fiorina wins lots of praise for debate but she s not bragging The Washington Post September 17 2015 Retrieved September 17 2015 Carly Fiorina s Numbers Plunge in Latest CNN Poll The New York Times October 20 2015 Retrieved October 20 2015 The numbers were bad news for Mrs Fiorina the former chief executive of Hewlett Packard who stood up to Mr Trump during the last Republican debate and won accolades for her crisp forceful performance However her bounce in the polls appears to have been ephemeral and her support has dropped to just 4 percent from 15 percent in September the poll showed GOP poll Trump ahead Carson down Rubio and Cruz gaining USA Today Retrieved December 2 2015 Bump For Trump As Carson Fades In Republican Race Quinnipiac University National Poll Finds Clinton Sanders Surge In Matchups With GOP Leaders Quinnipiac University Retrieved December 2 2015 Allen Cooper February 10 2016 Carly Fiorina suspends GOP presidential bid USA Today Retrieved February 10 2016 Manchester Julia March 9 2016 Ex rival Fiorina endorses Cruz horrified by Trump CNN Retrieved April 4 2021 Kopan Tal Ted Cruz names Carly Fiorina as VP pick CNN Retrieved April 27 2016 Ted Cruz Drops Out Of The 2016 Presidential Race The Huffington Post May 4 2016 Retrieved May 3 2016 Phillips Amber May 3 2016 Carly Fiorina and the shortest vice presidential candidacy in modern history The Washington Post Retrieved May 4 2016 Tau Byron December 20 2016 Donald Trump Wins Enough Electoral Votes to Become President The Wall Street Journal ISSN 0099 9660 Retrieved June 25 2017 a b Trump considering Fiorina for director of national intelligence New York Times Reuters December 12 2016 Retrieved September 24 2021 a b Dovere Edward Isaac June 25 2020 She Wanted to Be a Republican President She s Voting for Biden The Atlantic Retrieved June 30 2020 a b Ex GOP presidential candidate Carly Fiorina says she ll vote for Biden over Trump www cbsnews com Retrieved June 30 2020 Mooney Alexander Fiorina jumps into high profile California Senate race CNN Retrieved July 25 2018 Carly Fiorina On The Future Of The United States Hoover Institution Retrieved July 25 2018 Dottle Rachael January 10 2019 The 5 Key Constituencies Of The 2020 Democratic Primary FiveThirtyEight Retrieved January 10 2019 William Petroski Fiorina blasts crony capitalism in Iowa soapbox remarks Des Moines Register August 17 2015 a b c d e f g h Desjardins Lisa McHaney Sarah July 2 2015 What does Carly Fiorina believe Where the candidate stands on 10 issues PBS Washington D C Retrieved August 17 2015 Carly Fiorina on Abortion www ontheissues org Retrieved July 25 2018 Carly Fiorina on the Issues www ontheissues org Retrieved January 10 2019 a b Senatorial Debate with Carly Fiorina Archives of Women s Political Communication September 1 2010 Retrieved January 10 2019 a b c d e f g Gerry Mullany May 4 2015 Carly Fiorina on the Issues The New York Times Retrieved May 13 2015 a b Johnson Jenna May 4 2015 Carly Fiorina Drug addiction shouldn t be criminalized The Washington Post Retrieved May 11 2015 Jesse Rifkin Carly Fiorina Wouldn t Enforce Federal Marijuana Ban In States With Legalization The Huffington Post May 8 2015 Mark Hensch Fiorina US education a big problem The Hill May 31 2015 Carly Fiorina How to Fix Our Broken Education System Give Every Parent and Student a Choice and a Chance Archived August 19 2015 at the Wayback Machine Iowa Republican July 22 2015 a b Ilan Ben Meir Carly Fiorina Has Completely Reversed Her Position On Federal Education Policies Since 2010 BuzzFeed News September 11 2015 Alyson Klein Huckabee Carson Fiorina Join GOP Presidential Race Education Week May 5 2015 Fiorina s position on Common Core has also umm evolved As an ultimately unsuccessful Senate candidate in 2010 Fiorina praised the Obama administration s Race to the Top program which encouraged the adoption of Common Core on her campaign website Without mentioning Common Core by name specifically she lauded the program for championing internationally benchmarked standards and assessments that help prepare students for the 21st century job market But more recently she has tweaked others in the GOP field especially former Florida Gov Jeb Bush for their support of the standards David Knowles Carly Fiorina No Path to Citizenship for those Who Came to U S Illegally Bloomberg May 4 2015 Carly Fiorina softens on gay marriage MSNBC May 12 2015 Retrieved January 10 2019 Carly Fiorina Earns Endorsement of GOProud Carly Fiorina for California CarlyforCalifornia com Retrieved August 10 2015 Jason Linkins Fiorina Opposes Same Sex Marriage With the Help of Political Cover From Democrats The Huffington Post September 2 2010 Carly Fiorina Reaffirms Support for Same Sex Civil Unions Bloomberg News April 1 2015 Carly Fiorina softens on gay marriage MSNBC Retrieved October 21 2018 Carly Fiorina headlines 40th anniversary of GOP LGBT group Washington Examiner August 15 2017 Retrieved July 25 2018 Log Cabin celebrates 40 years at Trump hotel with no talk of Trump Washington Blade Gay News Politics LGBT Rights September 28 2017 Retrieved January 10 2019 a b Walsh Kenneth T August 10 2015 Carly Fiorina Gains National Attention U S News amp World Report Washington D C Retrieved August 16 2015 I m not saying I oppose paid maternity leave What I m saying is I oppose the federal government mandating paid maternity leave to every company out there I don t think it s the role of government to dictate to the private sector how to manage their businesses especially when it s pretty clear that the private sector like Netflix is doing the right thing because they know it helps them attract the right talent Jamieson Dave August 9 2015 Carly Fiorina Opposes A Paid Maternity Leave Requirement The Huffington Post New York Retrieved August 10 2015 David Sirota amp Andrew Perez Republican Debate Carly Fiorina Positions As GOP Candidate Contrast With Longtime Record International Business Times August 6 2015 Carly Fiorina Opinion A false choice and a flawed deal Fox News April 2 2015 a b Kaplan Rebecca July 14 2015 Carly Fiorina U S broke every rule in Iran negotiations CBS News Simon Maloy GOP s dead end Cuba gamble Republicans Cold War era tough talk won t come to anything Salon July 2 2015 Lydia O Connor Carly Fiorina Calls the Chinese Unimaginative Idea Thieves The Huffington Post May 26 2015 David Catanese Carly Fiorina Would Cancel the State Dinner With China U S News amp World Report September 22 2015 Fiorina Obama might have to eat his words on health reform CNN November 22 2009 Christina Hoag Fiorina Health reform must make insurers compete Associated Press October 21 2010 Frank Bruni Carly Fiorina Means Business New York Times Magazine June 2 2010 D uring this campaign Fiorina has assiduously courted the right calling for the repeal of health care reform a b Meet the Press Transcript Meet The Press Washington D C NBC News November 16 2014 Retrieved August 24 2015 Sahil Kapur Carly Fiorina s Obamacare Replacement Plan Hasn t Fared Well With House Republicans Bloomberg Politics May 4 2015 David Jackson GOP candidates maintain their attacks on Obamacare USA Today June 25 2015 Chris Moody Fiorina s long held support for mandatory health insurance CNN September 25 2015 Arthur Delaney Carly Fiorina Calls Minimum Wage Unconstitutional The Huffington Post October 28 2015 Steve Benen Carly Fiorina sees minimum wage as unconstitutional MSNBC October 29 2015 McElveen Josh April 24 2015 Conversation with the Candidate Carly Fiorina Part 2 Manchester New Hampshire Hearst Television Retrieved August 22 2015 via WMUR TV I think a minimum wage is a classic example of a policy that is best carried out in the states because if you are here in Nashua New Hampshire it is not the same set of economic conditions or expensive living as L A or New York City To me a national minimum wage does not make a lot of sense Charlotte Alter Carly Fiorina Says She Would Roll Back Net Neutrality Rules Time May 5 2015 Carly Fiorina Op ed Obama s net neutrality failure CNN April 7 2015 Did Carly Fiorina read the FCC rules she s railing against Fortune Retrieved October 8 2015 Kevin Cirilli Fiorina Abolish Wall Street reform law The Hill April 9 2015 a b Glenn Kessler Fact Checker Carly Fiorina s claim that not a single regulation has ever been repealed The Washington Post April 27 2015 a b Desjardins Lisa and McHaney Sarah May 4 2015 What does Carly Fiorina believe Where the candidate stands on 10 issues PBS NewsHour Retrieved September 19 2015 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint multiple names authors list link Ehrenfreund Max September 17 2015 A simple guide to what Carly Fiorina actually believes The Washington Post Retrieved September 19 2015 10 questions for Carly Fiorina CNBC September 16 2015 Retrieved October 9 2015 Carly Fiorina amp Penny Nance Op ed Cheaper Gas Politicians Want a Tax Fill Up The Wall Street Journal February 11 2015 Arrington Michael March 17 2008 McCain Embraces Tech Executives For White House Push TechCrunch Retrieved May 9 2015 a b Puzzanghera Jim January 8 2004 Coalition of High Tech Firms to Urge Officials to Help Keep U S Competitive San Jose Mercury News Archived from the original on September 24 2015 Retrieved May 9 2015 Cullen Drew January 8 2004 US tech industry stands up for overseas jobs The Register Retrieved May 9 2015 Lochhead Carolyn January 8 2004 Tech bosses defend overseas hiring San Francisco Chronicle Retrieved May 9 2015 Fiorina Carly February 13 2004 Be Creative Not Protectionist The Wall Street Journal Retrieved May 9 2015 Fiorina Tough Choices Ch 6 Choices of the Heart a b Raftery Erin June 19 2015 The better halves Your guide to 2016 candidate spouses USA Today Retrieved October 5 2015 Fiorina Tough Choices pp 88 93 96 Chapter 12 Confrontation and Understanding Lublin Joann S Blumenstein Rebecca July 22 1999 In the Upscale Fiorina Family She s the CEO and He s Home but She Enjoys the Simple Life The Wall Street Journal Archived from the original on June 23 2003 Potential VP Bios Republicans CBS June 16 2008 Retrieved November 4 2009 Henneberger Melinda April 30 2015 What Brought Carly Fiorina Down at HP Is Her Greatest 2016 Asset Bloomberg Retrieved October 5 2015 Berenson Tessa May 3 2015 Carly Fiorina Gets Personal in Her New Book Time Retrieved July 29 2015 Geraghty Jim August 17 2015 The Less Known Side of Carly Fiorina s Life National Review Retrieved September 20 2015 Carly Fiorina Is Hospitalized The New York Times October 26 2010 Retrieved May 9 2015 Marinucci Carla Garofoli Joe November 7 2009 Fiorina comes out swinging at her cancer San Francisco Chronicle Retrieved May 9 2015 Marinucci Carla March 3 2009 Carly Fiorina has surgery for breast cancer San Francisco Chronicle Retrieved March 20 2009 Musil Steven March 2 2009 Carly Fiorina treated for breast cancer CNET Retrieved March 20 2009 Zapler Mike November 4 2009 Fiorina takes fight to Boxer in Senate campaign kickoff Mercury News Retrieved May 9 2015 a b c Rebecca Ballhaus Carly Fiorina and Her Husband Have 59 Million Net Worth The Wall Street Journal June 3 2015 Jenna Johnson Nine things to know about Carly Fiorina The Washington Post May 4 2015 Nancy Cook Carly Fiorina s Audacious Sales Pitch National Journal February 13 2015 a b Robin Abcarian Profits may not equal success Carly Fiorina s business experience is a mixed blessing in political realm Los Angeles Times May 20 2010 Scott Gold Fiorina presents a sharp contrast in images Los Angeles Times October 22 2015 Mary Clare Glover Luxury Homes September 2005 Tech star Carly Fiorina buys 3 6 million condo Washingtonian September 1 2005 Nice Digs Top Home Sales of 2012 Washingtonian January 14 2013 Yuki Noguchi Fiorina Uses Book Tour to Recast Her Image Fiorina hasn t ruled out politics The Washington Post October 14 2006 Gallo Carmine Carly Fiorina Speaks Of Struggle And Success With Jimmy Fallon Forbes Retrieved October 21 2018 5 faith facts about Carly Fiorina What you make of yourself is your gift to God Religion News Service April 27 2016 Retrieved October 21 2018 Holter Lauren Is Carly Fiorina A Christian Bustle Retrieved October 21 2018 Gold Scott October 22 2010 Fiorina presents a sharp contrast in images Los Angeles Times ISSN 0458 3035 Retrieved October 21 2018 BibliographyAnders George 2003 Perfect Enough Carly Fiorina and the Reinvention of Hewlett Packard New York Penguin Group 2003 ISBN 1591840031 Burrows Peter Backfire Carly Fiorina s High Stakes Battle for the Soul of Hewlett Packard Wiley 2003 ISBN 0471267651 Fiorina Carly 2006 Tough Choices A Memoir Portfolio Hardcover 2006 hardcover ISBN 159184133X abridged audiobook ISBN 0143059076 Fiorina Carly 2015 Rising to the Challenge My Leadership Journey Penguin Group Sentinel ISBN 1591848032 External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to Carly Fiorina Wikiquote has quotations related to Carly Fiorina Official website Carly Fiorina at Curlie Financial information federal office at the Federal Election Commission Profile at Vote Smart Campaign contributions at OpenSecrets Appearances on C SPANBusiness positionsPreceded byLew Platt President of Hewlett Packard1999 2005 Succeeded byMark HurdChief Executive Officer of Hewlett Packard1999 2005 Succeeded byRobert WaymanPreceded byRichard Hackborn Chair of Hewlett Packard2000 2005 Succeeded byPat DunnParty political officesPreceded byBill Jones Republican nominee for U S Senator from California Class 3 2010 VacantTitle next held byMark Meuser2022 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Carly Fiorina amp oldid 1125463571, wikipedia, 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