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Gary Johnson

January 21, 2023

This article is about the 2012 and 2016 American presidential nominee and former governor of New Mexico. For other people with the same name, see Gary Johnson (disambiguation).

Gary Earl Johnson (born January 1, 1953)[1] is an American businessman, author, and politician. He served as the 29th governor of New Mexico from 1995 to 2003 as a member of the Republican Party. He was the Libertarian Party nominee for President of the United States in the 2012 and 2016 elections. He was also the Libertarian nominee in the 2018 U.S. Senate election in New Mexico.[2][3]

Gary Johnson
Johnson in 2016
29th Governor of New Mexico
In office
January 1, 1995 – January 1, 2003
LieutenantWalter Bradley
Preceded byBruce King
Succeeded byBill Richardson
Personal details
Born
Gary Earl Johnson

(1953-01-01) January 1, 1953 (age 70)
Minot, North Dakota, U.S.
Political partyLibertarian (2011–present)
Other political
affiliations		Republican (before 2011)
Spouse
Denise Simms
​
​
(m. 1977; div. 2005)​
Domestic partnerKate Prusack (engaged 2009)
Children2
EducationUniversity of New Mexico (BS)
Signature

Johnson entered politics for the first time by running for governor of New Mexico in 1994 on a low-tax, anti-crime platform,[4] promising a "common-sense business approach". He defeated incumbent Democratic governor Bruce King, 50% to 40%. He cut the 10% annual growth in the budget, in part by using the gubernatorial veto 200 times during his first six months.[5] He was unable to convince the state senate to pass any of his motions.

Johnson sought reelection in 1998, winning by 55% to 45%. In his second term, he concentrated on the issue of school voucher reforms as well as campaigning for cannabis decriminalization.[6] During his tenure as governor, Johnson adhered to an anti-tax policy, setting state and national records for the number of times he used his veto power:[5] more than the other 49 contemporary governors put together.[7][8] Term-limited, Johnson retired from front-line politics in 2003.

Johnson ran for president in 2012, initially as a Republican on a libertarian platform emphasizing the United States public debt and a balanced budget, protection of civil liberties, military non-interventionism, replacement of income tax with the FairTax, and opposition to the War on drugs.[9] In December 2011, he withdrew his candidacy for the Republican nomination and stood for the Libertarian nomination instead,[10] winning the nomination in May 2012. Johnson received 1.3 million votes (1%), more than all other minor candidates combined.[11]

Johnson ran again for President in 2016,[12] once again winning the Libertarian nomination and naming former Republican governor of Massachusetts Bill Weld as his running mate.[13] Johnson received nearly 4.5 million votes (3.3% of the total vote), which is the most for a third-party presidential candidate since 1996 and the highest national vote share for a Libertarian candidate in history. After the 2016 presidential election, Johnson said he would not run for president again.[14] He ran for the U.S. Senate as a Libertarian in the 2018 New Mexico senate race against incumbent Democratic senator Martin Heinrich, coming in third with 15.4% of the statewide vote (107,201 votes).[15][16]

Early life and career

Johnson was born on January 1, 1953, in Minot, North Dakota, the son of Lorraine B. (née Bostow), who worked for the Bureau of Indian Affairs, and Earl W. Johnson, a public school teacher.[17] In 1971, Johnson graduated from Sandia High School in Albuquerque, New Mexico, where he was on the school track team.[18] He attended the University of New Mexico from 1971 to 1975 and graduated with a Bachelor of Science degree in political science. While at UNM, he joined the Sigma Alpha Epsilon fraternity.[19][20] It was there that he met his future wife, Denise "Dee" Simms.[citation needed]

While in college, Johnson earned money as a door-to-door handyman.[21] His success in that industry encouraged him to start his own business, Big J Enterprises, in 1976. When he started the business, which focused on mechanical contracting, Johnson was its only employee.[22] His firm's major break came when he received a large contract from Intel's expansion in Rio Rancho, which increased Big J's revenue to $38 million.[23]

To cope with the growth of the company, Johnson enrolled in a time management course at night school, which he credits with making him heavily goal driven.[23] He eventually grew Big J into a multimillion-dollar corporation with over 1,000 employees.[24] By the time he sold the company in 1999, it was one of New Mexico's leading construction companies.[25]

Governor of New Mexico

First term

See also: 1994 New Mexico gubernatorial election

Johnson entered politics in 1994 with the intention of running for governor and was advised by "Republican Elders"[23] to run for the State Legislature instead.[23] Despite their advice, Johnson spent $500,000 of his own money and entered the race with the intent of bringing a "common sense business approach" to the office.[26] Johnson's campaign slogan was "People before Politics".[27] His platform emphasized tax cuts, job creation, state government spending growth restraint, and law and order.[4] He won the Republican nomination, defeating state legislator Richard P. Cheney by 34% to 33%, with John Dendahl and former governor David F. Cargo in third and fourth. Johnson subsequently won a plurality in the three-way general election, defeating the incumbent Governor Bruce King (a relatively conservative Democrat) and the former Lieutenant Governor Roberto Mondragón (who ran as a Green) with just under 50% of the vote. Johnson was elected in a nationally Republican year, although party registration in the state of New Mexico at the time was 2-to-1 Democratic.[28]

As governor, Johnson followed a strict small-government approach. According to former New Mexico Republican National Committee member Mickey D. Barnett, "Any time someone approached him about legislation for some purpose, his first response always was to ask if government should be involved in that to begin with."[29] He vetoed 200 of 424 bills passed in his first six months in office – a national record of 47% of all legislation – and used the line-item veto on most remaining bills.[5] In office, Johnson fulfilled his campaign promise to reduce the 10% annual growth of the state budget.[5] In his first budget, Johnson proposed a wide range of tax cuts, including a repeal of the prescription drug tax, a $47 million income tax cut, and a 6-cents-per-gallon gasoline tax cut. However, of these, only the gasoline tax cut was passed.[30] During the November 1995 federal government shutdown, he joined 20 other Republican governors who called on the Republican leadership in Congress to stand firm against the Clinton administration in budget negotiations; in the article reporting on the letter and concomitant news conference he was quoted as calling for eliminating the budget deficit through proportional cuts across the budget.[31] Although Johnson worked to reduce overall state spending, in his first term he raised education spending by nearly a third.[32] When drop-out rates and test scores showed little improvement, Johnson changed his tactics and began advocating school vouchers – a key issue in budget battles of his second term as governor.[32]

Second term

See also: 1998 New Mexico gubernatorial election

In 1998, Johnson ran for reelection as governor against Democratic Albuquerque Mayor Martin Chávez. In his campaign, Johnson promised to continue the policies of his first term: improving schools; cutting state spending, taxes, and bureaucracy; and frequent use of his veto and line-item veto power.[33] Fielding a strong Hispanic candidate in a 40% Hispanic state, the Democrats were expected to oust Johnson,[32] but Johnson won by a margin of 55% to 45%.[34] This made him the first governor of New Mexico to serve two successive four-year terms after term limits were expanded to two terms in 1991.[26] Johnson made the promotion of a school voucher system a "hallmark issue" of his second term.[35] In 1999, he proposed the first statewide voucher system in America, which would have enrolled 100,000 students in its first year.[32]

That year, he vetoed two budgets that failed to include a voucher program and a government shutdown was threatened,[32] but ultimately yielded to Democratic majorities in both houses of the New Mexico Legislature, who opposed the plan. Johnson signed the budget, but line-item vetoed a further $21 million, or 1%, from the legislative plan.[36] In 1999, Johnson became one of the highest-ranking elected officials in the US to advocate the legalization of marijuana.[37] Saying the War on Drugs was "an expensive bust", he advocated the decriminalization of marijuana use and concentration on harm-reduction measures for all other illegal drugs.[38] He compared attempts to enforce the nation's drug laws with the failed attempt at alcohol prohibition. In remarks in 2011, he noted: "Half of what government spends on police, courts and prisons is to deal with drug offenders."[22] He suggested that drug abuse be treated as a health issue, not as a criminal issue. His approach to the issue garnered supportive notice from conservative icon William F. Buckley,[39] as well as the Cato Institute and Rolling Stone.[23][40]

In 2000, Johnson proposed a more ambitious voucher program than he had proposed the year before, under which each parent would receive $3,500 per child for education at any private or parochial school.[35] The Democrats sought $90m extra school funding without school vouchers, and questioned Johnson's request for more funding for state-run prisons, having opposed his opening of two private prisons.[41] Negotiations between the governor and the legislature were contentious, again nearly leading to a government shutdown. In 2000, New Mexico was devastated by the Cerro Grande Fire. Johnson's handling of the disaster earned him accolades from The Denver Post, which observed that:

Johnson.....was all over the Cerro Grande Fire last week. He helped reporters understand where the fire was headed when low-level Forest Service officials couldn't, ran herd over the bureaucratic process of getting state and federal agencies and the National Guard involved, and even helped put out some of the fire with his feet. On a tour of Los Alamos last Wednesday, when he saw small flames spreading across a lawn, he had his driver stop his car. He jumped out and stomped on the flames, as did his wife and some of his staffers.[38]

Johnson's leadership during the fire was praised by Democratic Congressman Tom Udall, who said: "I think the real test of leadership is when you have circumstances like this. He's called on his reserves of energy and has just been a really excellent leader under very difficult circumstances here."[38] Johnson rebuffed efforts by the Libertarian Party to draft him in the 2000 presidential election, stating himself to be a Republican with no interest in running for president.[42]

Reception

According to anonymous sources, Governor Johnson was known for a lack of interest in policy details[43] and those who worked with Johnson at the time "recall a chief executive who would speed through meetings and often preferred to discuss his fitness routine than focus on the minutiae of policymaking."[43] In his first term, he frequently clashed with the legislature, but in the second term, he "became more comfortable with the limits of his executive power" and took a more conciliatory approach.[43]

 
Johnson at Ron Paul's "Rally for the Republic" in 2008

Commentator Andrew Sullivan quoted a claim that Johnson "is highly regarded in the state for his outstanding leadership during two terms as governor. He slashed the size of state government during his term and left the state with a large budget surplus."[44] In an interview in Reason in January 2001, Johnson's accomplishments in office were described as follows: "no tax increases in six years, a major road building program, shifting Medicaid to managed care, constructing two new private prisons, canning 1,200 state employees, and vetoing a record number of bills."[26] According to one New Mexico paper, "Johnson left the state fiscally solid" and was "arguably the most popular governor of the decade... leaving the state with a $1 billion budget surplus."[45] The Washington Times reported that when Johnson left office, "the size of state government had been substantially reduced and New Mexico was enjoying a large budget surplus."[29] In a 2016 National Review article, Johnson was criticized for claiming to have balanced New Mexico's budget every year.[46] The Constitution of New Mexico requires that the state budget be balanced,[46][47] with its debt in a separate "capital outlay" budget.[46] The article stated that under Johnson New Mexico's debt increased from $1.8 billion to $4.6 billion[46] and its budget increased from $4.397 billion to $7.721 billion.[46]

According to a 2011 profile of Johnson in the National Review, "During his tenure, he vetoed more bills than the other 49 governors combined – 750 in total, one third of which had been introduced by Republican legislators. Johnson also used his line-item-veto power thousands of times. He credits his heavy veto pen for eliminating New Mexico's budget deficit and cutting the growth rate of New Mexico's government in half."[48] According to the Myrtle Beach Sun News, Johnson "said his numerous vetoes, only two of which were overridden, stemmed from his philosophy of looking at all things for their cost–benefit ratio and his axe fell on Republicans as well as Democrats."[22]

While in office, Johnson was criticized for opposing funding for an independent study of private prisons after a series of riots and killings at the facilities.[49] Martin Chavez, his opponent in the 1998 New Mexico gubernatorial race, criticized Johnson for his frequent vetoing of programs, suggesting that it resulted in New Mexico's low economic and social standing nationally.[33] Journalist Mark Ames described Johnson as "a hard-core conservative" who "ruled the state like a right-wing authoritarian" and only embraced marijuana legalization in his second term for populist gain.[50] This was mainly in reference to a commercial from Johnson's reelection campaign featuring Johnson saying that a felon in New Mexico would serve "every lousy second" of their prison sentence. Johnson insisted, however, that the commercial was directed at "the guy who's got his gun out" rather than nonviolent drug offenders.[50]

Post governorship

Johnson was term limited and could not run for a third consecutive term as governor in 2002.[51] In the 2008 presidential election campaign, Johnson endorsed Ron Paul for the Republican nomination, "because of his commitment to less government, greater liberty, and lasting prosperity for America."[52][53] Johnson spoke at Paul's "Rally for the Republic" on September 2, 2008.[54]

Johnson serves on the Advisory Council of Students for Sensible Drug Policy,[55] a student nonprofit organization which advocates for drug policy reform.

As of April 2011, he serves on the board of directors of Students For Liberty, a nonprofit libertarian organization.[56] His first book, Seven Principles of Good Government, was published on August 1, 2012.[57]

2012 presidential campaign

Main article: Gary Johnson 2012 presidential campaign

Early campaign

 
Logo of the Our America Initiative, which Johnson founded in 2009
 
Johnson after a campaign rally in a photo shoot for Reason

In 2009, Johnson began indicating interest in running for president in the 2012 election.[58][59] In the April 20, 2009, edition of The American Conservative magazine, Bill Kauffman told readers to "keep an eye out" for a Johnson presidential campaign in 2012, reporting that Johnson had told him that "he was keeping his options open for 2012" and that "he may take a shot at the Republican presidential nomination in 2012 as an antiwar, anti-Fed, pro-personal liberties, slash-government-spending candidate – in other words, a Ron Paul libertarian".[58] During a June 24, 2009, appearance on Fox News's Freedom Watch, host Judge Andrew Napolitano asked Johnson if he would run for president in 2012, to which Johnson responded that he thought it would be inappropriate to openly express his desires before President Obama is given the opportunity to prove himself, but he followed up that statement by saying "it appears personal freedoms are being shoveled out the window more and more."[60]

In an October 26, 2009, interview with the Santa Fe New Mexican's Steve Terrell, Johnson announced his decision to form an advocacy committee called the Our America Initiative to help him raise funds and promote small government ideas. In December 2009, Johnson asked strategist Ron Nielson of NSON Opinion Strategy, who has worked with Johnson since 1993 when he ran his successful gubernatorial campaign, to organize the Our American Initiative as a 501(c)(4) committee. Nielson serves as a senior advisor to Our America Initiative. The stated focus of the organization is to "speak out on issues regarding topics such as government efficiency, lowering taxes, ending the war on drugs, protecting civil liberties, revitalizing the economy and promoting entrepreneurship and privatization".[61] The move prompted speculation among media pundits and Johnson's supporters that he might be laying the groundwork for a 2012 presidential run.[62][63] Throughout 2010, Johnson repeatedly deflected questions about a 2012 presidential bid by saying his 501(c)(4) status prevented him from expressing a desire to run for federal office on politics.[64][65]

In February 2010, Johnson was a featured speaker at both the Conservative Political Action Conference (CPAC) and the Republican Liberty Caucus.[citation needed] At CPAC, "the crowd liked him – even as he pushed some of his more controversial points."[66] Johnson tied with New Jersey Governor Chris Christie for third in the CPAC Straw Poll, trailing only Ron Paul and Mitt Romney (and ahead of such notables as former Speaker of the House Newt Gingrich, former Minnesota Governor Tim Pawlenty, Indiana Governor Mitch Daniels and former Alaska Governor and 2008 vice presidential candidate Sarah Palin).[67] David Weigel of Slate called Johnson the second-biggest winner of the conference, writing that his "third-place showing in the straw poll gave Johnson his first real media hook ... He met tons of reporters, commanded a small scrum after the vote, and is a slightly lighter shade of dark horse now."[68]

Republican presidential candidacy

On April 21, 2011, Johnson announced via Twitter, "I am running for president."[69] He followed this announcement with a speech at the New Hampshire State House in Concord, New Hampshire.[9] He was the first of an eventually large field to announce his candidacy for the Republican presidential nomination.[70] Johnson again chose Ron Nielson of NSON Opinion Strategy, a director for both of his New Mexico gubernatorial campaigns, as his presidential campaign manager and senior advisor.[70] The campaign was headquartered in Salt Lake City, Utah, where Nielson's offices are located.[70] Johnson's economics advisor was Harvard economics professor Jeffrey Miron.[71] Initially, Johnson hoped Ron Paul would not run for president so that Johnson could galvanize Paul's network of libertarian-minded voters, and he even traveled to Houston to tell Paul of his decision to run in person,[70] but Paul announced his candidacy on May 13, 2011.

Johnson participated in the first of the Republican presidential debates, hosted by Fox News in South Carolina on May 5, 2011, appearing on stage with Herman Cain, Ron Paul, Tim Pawlenty, and Rick Santorum. Mitt Romney and Michele Bachmann both declined to debate. Johnson was excluded from the next three debates on June 13 (hosted by CNN in New Hampshire), August 11 (hosted by Fox News in Iowa), and September 7 (hosted by CNN in California).[70] After the first exclusion, Johnson made a 43-minute video responding to each of the debate questions, which he posted on YouTube.[70][72] The first exclusion, which was widely publicized, gave Johnson "a little bump" in name recognition and produced "a small uptick" in donations.[70] But "the long term consequences were dismal."[70] For the financial quarter ending June 30, Johnson raised a mere $180,000.[70] Fox News decided that because Johnson polled at least 2% in five recent polls, he could participate in a September 22 debate in Florida, which it co-hosted with the Florida Republican Party (the party objected to Johnson's inclusion).[70] Johnson participated, appearing on stage with Michele Bachmann, Herman Cain, Newt Gingrich, Jon Huntsman, Ron Paul, Rick Perry, Mitt Romney, and Rick Santorum. During the debate, Johnson delivered what many media outlets, including the Los Angeles Times, and Time, called the best line of the night: "My next-door neighbor's two dogs have created more shovel ready jobs than this administration."[73][74] Entertainment Weekly opined that Johnson had won the debate.[75]

Libertarian presidential nomination and campaign

Although Johnson had focused the majority of his campaign activities on the New Hampshire primary, he announced on November 29, 2011, that he would no longer campaign there due to his inability to gain traction with less than a month until the primary.[76] There was speculation in the media that he might run as a Libertarian Party candidate instead. Johnson acknowledged that he was considering such a move.[77][78][79] In December, Politico reported that Johnson would quit the Republican primaries and announce his intention to seek the Libertarian Party nomination at a December 28 press conference.[80] He also encouraged his supporters to vote for Ron Paul in 2012 Republican presidential primaries.[citation needed]

On December 28, 2011, Johnson formally withdrew his candidacy for the Republican presidential nomination, and declared his candidacy for the 2012 presidential nomination of the Libertarian Party in Santa Fe, New Mexico.[10] On May 5, 2012, at the 2012 Libertarian National Convention, Johnson received the Libertarian Party's official nomination for president in the 2012 election, by a vote of 419 votes to 152 votes for second-place candidate R. Lee Wrights.[2][81] In his acceptance speech, Johnson asked the convention's delegates to nominate as his running mate Judge Jim Gray of California.[82] Gray subsequently received the party's vice-presidential nomination on the first ballot.[81]

Johnson spent the early months of his campaign making media appearances on television programs such as The Daily Show with Jon Stewart[83] and Red Eye w/Greg Gutfeld.[84] Starting in September 2012, Johnson embarked on a three-week tour of college campuses throughout the US.[85][86] On October 23, 2012, Gary Johnson participated in a third-party debate that was aired on C-SPAN, RT America, and Al Jazeera English.[87][88] A post-debate online election allowed people to choose two candidates from the debate they thought had won to face each other head-to-head in a run-off debate. Gary Johnson and Jill Stein won the poll.[89]

Johnson stated that his goal was to win at least 5 percent of the vote, as winning 5 percent would allow Libertarian Party candidates equal ballot access and federal funding during the next election cycle.[90][91] In a national Gallup poll of likely registered voters conducted June 7 through June 10, 2012, Johnson took 3% of the vote,[92] while a Gallup poll conducted September 6 through September 9, 2012, showed Johnson taking 1% of likely voters.[93]

The final results showed Johnson received 1% of the popular vote, a total of 1,275,971 votes.[94] This was the best result in the Libertarian Party's history by raw vote number, though under the 1.1 percentage of the vote won by Ed Clark in 1980.[11][95][96] Despite falling short of his stated goal of 5%, Johnson stated, "Ours is a mission accomplished."[97] In regards to a future presidential bid, he said "it is too soon to be talking about 2016".[97]

Inter-presidential campaign activities

After the 2012 elections, Johnson continued to criticize the Obama administration on various issues. In an article for The Guardian, Johnson called on United States Attorney General Eric Holder to let individual states legalize marijuana.[98] In a Google Hangout hosted by Johnson in June 2013, he criticized the US government's lack of transparency and due process in regards to the NSA's domestic surveillance programs. He also said that he would not rule out running as a Republican again in the future.[99]

Our America Initiative PAC

In December 2013, Johnson announced the founding of his own Super PAC, Our America Initiative PAC. The Super PAC is intended to support libertarian-minded causes. "From the realities of government-run healthcare setting in to the continuing disclosures of the breadth of NSA's domestic spying, more Americans than ever are ready to take a serious look at candidates who offer real alternatives to business-as-usual," the release announcing the PAC said.[100]

CEO of Cannabis Sativa Inc.

In July 2014, Johnson was named president and CEO of Cannabis Sativa Inc., a Nevada-based company that aims primarily to sell medical cannabis products in states where medicinal and/or recreational cannabis is legal.[101][102][103]

Libertarians for National Popular Vote

In 2020, Johnson joined the Libertarians for National Popular Vote's advisory board.[104]

2016 presidential campaign

Main article: Gary Johnson 2016 presidential campaign

In an April 2014 "Ask Me Anything" session on Reddit, Johnson stated that he hoped to run for president again in 2016.[105] On whether he would run as a Libertarian or a Republican, he stated: "I would love running as a Libertarian because I would have the least amount of explaining to do."[105]

 
Gary Johnson speaking at the 2016 Conservative Political Action Conference (CPAC) in Washington, D.C.

In November 2014, Johnson affirmed his intention to run for the 2016 Libertarian nomination.[106] In July 2015, Johnson reiterated his intentions for a presidential campaign but stated he was not announcing anything imminently: "I just think there are more downsides than upsides to announcing at this point, and, look, I don't have any delusions about the process. In retrospect, 90 percent of the time I spent [trying to become president] ended up to be wasted time."[107]

In January 2016, Johnson resigned from his post as CEO of Cannabis Sativa, Inc., to pursue political opportunities, hinting to a 2016 presidential run.[108][12]

On January 6, 2016, Johnson declared that he would seek the Libertarian nomination for the presidency.[12] On May 18, Johnson named former Massachusetts Governor William Weld as his running mate.[109] On May 29, 2016, Johnson received the Libertarian nomination on the second ballot.[13] Johnson was on the ballot in all 50 states.[110]

On September 8, Johnson drew widespread negative attention when he appeared on MSNBC's Morning Joe and was asked by panelist Mike Barnicle, "As president, what would you do about Aleppo?" Johnson responded, "And what is Aleppo?". After a clarification from Barnicle, Johnson answered by saying that "the only way that we deal with Syria is to join hands with Russia to diplomatically bring that at an end."[111] Johnson criticized U.S. support for the Free Syrian Army and Kurdish forces and stated that the "mess" in Syria was "the result of regime change that we end up supporting. And, inevitably, these regime changes have led to a less-safe world."[111] Johnson's "what is Aleppo?" question drew widespread attention, much of it negative.[112][113] In response to charges that he was uninformed, Johnson said that he had "blanked," that he did "understand the dynamics of the Syrian conflict," and that he had thought that Barnicle's reference to "Aleppo" was in relation to "an acronym, not the Syrian conflict."[113]

On September 23, in an MSNBC interview with Kasie Hunt, Gary Johnson noted the benefits of being invited to the 2016 Presidential Debates. While discussing this topic, Johnson stuck out his tongue through his teeth at the reporter while explaining that he could win a three-way debate, and ultimately the Presidency, versus Clinton and Trump while speaking in that manner. Johnson's spokesperson, John LaBeaume, later stated, "He was just having fun" and that it was "lighthearted".[114]

On September 28, in a MSNBC Town Hall, Johnson was asked by Chris Matthews to name a world leader he respected, he tried to name Vicente Fox, a former President of Mexico, but could not remember his name.[115][116][117] The following day, he tweeted, "It's been almost 24 hours...and I still can't come up with a foreign leader I look up to."[118] Later in a CNN interview, he expanded upon his reluctance to endorse political leaders, "I held a lot of people in this country on pedestals and then I get to meet them up front and personal and I find out that they're all about getting reelected, that they're not about issues, a lot of empty suits that I held up on pedestals."[119]

When asked on October 5 by The New York Times if he knew the name of the leader of North Korea, Johnson said "yes," but declined to give the name despite being pressed.[120][121]

 
Johnson speaking at an October 2016 rally in Phoenix, Arizona

Johnson was not invited to participate in the presidential debates because he did not meet the criterion of 15% support in five polls set by the Commission on Presidential Debates. In 2015, Johnson and Green Party nominee Jill Stein filed a lawsuit against the commission, arguing that the commission and its rules violated antitrust law and the First Amendment. In August 2016, the lawsuit was dismissed.[122] Johnson's poll numbers had been averaging between 7 and 9 percent.[123] Johnson's campaign manager Ron Nielson argued for Johnson's inclusion, citing Ross Perot's admission to the debates in the 1992 debates, when Perot was polling at 8 percent.[124]

A Washington Post-SurveyMonkey 50-state poll, conducted online between August 9 and September 1 found Gary Johnson polling at 10% or higher in 42 states, and at 15% or higher in 15 states (Johnson received 25% in his home state of New Mexico and 23% in Utah).[125] Another poll conducted in mid-August by the Pew Research Center found Johnson supported by about 10% of registered voters. Of Johnson supporters, more than 60% identified as independent and more than 70% were younger than fifty years old. Johnson's supporters were evenly divided between men and women.[126]

After the election, Johnson stated in an interview with the Albuquerque Journal that he does not intend to run for public office again, saying, "Maybe I stay politically active, but not as a candidate. I will leave that to others."[14] He subsequently confirmed that he would not seek the Libertarian Party's nomination in 2020.

2018 U.S. Senate race

Main article: 2018 United States Senate election in New Mexico

Johnson was speculated to run in the 2018 U.S. Senate race in New Mexico after Land Commissioner Aubrey Dunn Jr., then the Libertarian nominee, dropped out of the race.[127] In August 2018, Johnson formally accepted the Libertarian Party of New Mexico's nomination.[128][129][130] Republican U.S. Senator Rand Paul of Kentucky crossed party lines to endorse Johnson's bid;[131] Johnson was also endorsed by the Republican nominee for the U.S. Senate in Maine, Eric Brakey.[132]

In the November 2018 election, Democratic incumbent Martin Heinrich was reelected with 376,998 votes (54%); Republican nominee Mick Rich received 212,813 votes (31); and Johnson received 107,201 votes (15%).[133]

Political positions

Johnson's views have been described as fiscally conservative and socially liberal[134] with a philosophy of limited government[135] and military non-interventionism.[136][137] Johnson spoke at the 2016 Conservative Political Action Conference (CPAC),[138] a forum for conservative politicians. He has identified as a classical liberal.[139] He would repeal Obamacare.[140] Johnson has said he favors simplifying and reducing taxes.[141] During his governorship, Johnson cut taxes fourteen times and never increased them.[142] Due to his stance on taxes, political pundit David Weigel described him as "the original Tea Party candidate."[143] Johnson has advocated the FairTax as a template for tax reform. This proposal would abolish all federal income, corporate and capital gains taxes, and replace them with a 23% tax on consumption of all non-essential goods, while providing a regressive rebate to households according to household size, regardless of income level. He has argued that this would ensure transparency in the tax system and incentivize the private sector to create "tens of millions of jobs."[144] In June 2016, Johnson said that he supported the Trans-Pacific Partnership, stating that he previously was skeptical "because these trade agreements are just laden with crony capitalism," but is now informed it, in fact, fosters free trade.[145]

Death penalty

In 1994, Johnson ran for governor of New Mexico, campaigning as a strong proponent of the death penalty,[146] but over time, he changed his opinion. He now supports abolishing capital punishment and replacing it with life sentences.[147]

Environmental

Johnson's 2016 campaign website acknowledged that the climate is "probably" changing and that humans are "probably" contributing to this change. Johnson has argued that climate change will not matter in the "long-term" and rejects government action to control or limit – including cap and trade – as ineffective: "When you look at the amount of money we are looking to spend on global warming  – in the trillions  – and look at the result, I just argue that the result is completely inconsequential to the money we would end up spending," he said. "We can direct those moneys to other ways that would be much more beneficial to mankind."[148] Johnson has signed the Western Governors' Association resolution, which aims at "collaborative, incentive driven, locally-based solutions," and has advocated for free market solutions to environmental problems. He has stated that he will not "compromise when it comes to clean air, clean land, or clean water."[149] Johnson supports nuclear energy and fossil fuels, but has stated that the government has a role to protect Americans against businesses that would harm human health or property, including environmental harm.[150]

Campaign finance

Johnson opposed the U.S. Supreme Court decision in Citizens United v. FEC, allowing unlimited corporate independent expenditures on political campaigns, while also encouraging full disclosure of such expenditures.[147][151]

Fiscal

Johnson has said that he would immediately balance the federal budget, and would demand a balanced budget amendment,[152] but maintained a state deficit.

Healthcare

He has stated he supports "slashing government spending", including Medicare, Medicaid, and Social Security,[141] which would involve cutting Medicare and Medicaid by 43 percent and turning them into block grant programs, with control of spending in the hands of the states to create, in his words, "fifty laboratories of innovation."[152] He has referred to Social Security as a pyramid scheme. He has advocated passing a law allowing for state bankruptcy and expressly ruling out a federal bailout of any states.[135]

Federal Reserve

Johnson has expressed opposition to the Federal Reserve System, which he has cited as massively devaluing the strength of the U.S. dollar, and would not veto legislation to eliminate it – although he has stated that no such bill is likely to come out of Congress during his administration. He has also supported an audit of the central bank, and urged Members of Congress in July 2012 to vote in favor of Ron Paul's Federal Reserve Transparency Act.[153]

Foreign policy

In his campaign for the Libertarian Party nomination, he stated he opposed foreign wars and pledged to cut the military budget by 43 percent in his first term as president.[137] He would cut the military's overseas bases, uniformed and civilian personnel, research and development, intelligence, and nuclear weapons programs, while maintaining an "invincible defense."[154][155] Johnson opposes U.S. involvement in the War in Afghanistan and opposed the U.S. involvement in the Libyan Civil War.[156] He has stated that he does not believe Iran is a military threat, would use his presidential power to prevent Israel from attacking Iran, and would not follow Israel, or any other ally, into a war that it had initiated.[157] While Johnson views the Islamic threat to the US as overrated, he has been openly advocating for greater diplomacy with China regarding North Korea, which, in his view, "is the biggest threat in the world today," stating "...one of these days, one of their ICBMs is going to work."[158] However, he does support waging war for humanitarian reasons.[159][160][161]

Civil liberties

Johnson has been a strong supporter of civil liberties and has received the highest score of any candidate from the American Civil Liberties Union for supporting drug decriminalization while opposing censorship and regulation of the Internet, the Patriot Act, enhanced airport screenings, and the indefinite detention of prisoners.[162] He has spoken in favor of the separation of church and state, and has said that he does not "seek the counsel of God" when determining his political agenda.[163] Johnson endorsed same-sex marriage in 2011;[164] he has since called for a constitutional amendment protecting equal marriage rights,[164] and criticized Obama's position on the issue as having "thrown this question back to the states."[164] Johnson supports the enforcement of Protected Classes that was established by the Civil Rights Act of 1964, and believes that providers should be prohibited from discriminating between customers based on demographics, such as race or sexuality. This differentiated him from his Libertarian Party opponents in the party primary, especially Austin Petersen. He has been a longtime advocate of legalizing marijuana and has said that if he were president, he would remove it from Schedule I of the Controlled Substances Act as well as issue an executive order pardoning nonviolent marijuana offenders.[165] Johnson has stated that he would pardon NSA whistleblower Edward Snowden.[166] He believes that decriminalizing sex work should be left up to the states, but has said that prostitutes are more "at risk" in an illegal environment.[167][168]

Abortion

Johnson supports abortion access. He has stated he believes that "it's the woman's choice." His 2016 position page on abortion states the "woman must be allowed to make decisions about her own health" and "government should not be in the business of second guessing".[169]

Immigration

Johnson supports comprehensive immigration reform and has criticized the immigration stances of Obama, Trump and Hillary Clinton. In his 2012 campaign, he summed up his proposals as simplifying legal immigration while tackling illegal immigration.[170] Johnson proposes "eliminating categories and quotas" and offering illegal immigrants without criminal records in the U.S. a path to legal status. In 2012, he called walls ineffective in stopping illegal immigrants and argued that the U.S. should instead work on tackling Mexican drug cartels by decriminalizing marijuana and giving cartels "diminished incentives to violate U.S. law."[170] Johnson believes the root of illegal immigration is what he calls America's complicated immigration policies and has said the U.S. should "recognize the real problem – a flawed system – and fix it". "Even for those from the right countries or with the right skills, our bureaucracy makes it ridiculously slow and cumbersome to come here legally", he has said.[171] Johnson advocates simplifying restrictions on temporary work visas, granting illegal immigrants who obey the law a two-year grace period to obtain work visas and streamlining the immigration process. He has also said, "a work visa should include a background check and a Social Security card so that taxes get paid" and supports a one strike, you're out deportation rule for immigrants who try to circumnavigate or cheat a simplified immigration process.[172][173][174]

Gun Laws

Johnson opposes federal and state gun control legislation, saying: "I'm a firm believer in the Second Amendment and so I would not have signed legislation banning assault weapons or automatic weapons."[175] Johnson says that the Second Amendment "was designed to protect us against a government that could be very intrusive. And in this country, we have a growing police state – if people can own assault rifles or automatic rifles, I think leads to a more civil government."[175] Johnson would, however, limit weapons such as rocket launchers.[175] Johnson believes that allowing concealed carrying of guns reduces crime and gun violence.[175][176] He opposes barring gun sales to individuals on the no-fly list, because he claims that such lists have a high error rate.[176] Johnson has called for a "thousand-person taskforce" or "hot line" to prevent terrorists from obtaining guns, and has questioned why the perpetrator of the Orlando nightclub shooting was not "deprived of his guns" after being interviewed three times.[177]

Personal life

 
Johnson running the 38th Annual Stratham Fair Road Race

Johnson was married to his college girlfriend, Dee Johnson (née Simms; 1952–2006) from 1977 to 2005.[178][179] As First Lady of New Mexico, she engaged in campaigns against smoking and for breast cancer awareness[180] and oversaw the expansion of the Governor's Mansion. He initiated a separation in May 2005, and four months later announced that they would divorce.[181] At the age of 54, Dee Johnson died unexpectedly on December 22, 2006,[180] her cause of death later attributed to hypertensive heart disease.[182] The couple had two children, now adults.[178] He also has a granddaughter, Cora, through his son Erik.[183]

Johnson was an avid triathlete who biked extensively. During his term in office, he competed in several triathlons, marathons and bike races. He competed three times (1993, 1997, 1999) as a celebrity invitee at the Ironman World Championship in Hawaii, registering his best time for the 2.4-mile (3.9 km) swim, 112-mile (180 km) bike ride, and 26.2-mile (42.2 km) marathon run in 1999 with 10 hours, 39 minutes, and 16 seconds.[184][185] He once ran 100 miles (160 km) in 30 consecutive hours in the Rocky Mountains.[23] On May 30, 2003, he reached the summit of Mount Everest[186] "despite toes blackened with frostbite."[29] He has climbed all of the Seven Summits: Mount Everest, Mount Elbrus, Denali, Mount Kilimanjaro, Aconcagua, Mount Vinson, and Carstensz Pyramid – the tallest peaks in Asia, Europe, North America, Africa, South America, Antarctica, and Australia respectively.[187] He completed the Bataan Memorial Death March at White Sands Missile Range in New Mexico, in which participants traverse a 26.2 mi (42.2 km) course through the desert, many of them in combat boots and wearing 35-pound (16 kg) packs.[188]

On October 12, 2005, Johnson was involved in a near-fatal paragliding accident when his wing caught in a tree and he fell approximately 50 feet (15 m) to the ground. He suffered multiple bone fractures, including a burst fracture to his twelfth thoracic vertebra, a broken rib, and a broken knee; the accident left him 1+1⁄2 inches (3.8 cm) shorter.[189][139][190] He used medicinal marijuana for pain control from 2005 to 2008.[191]

Johnson is a Lutheran and has said that his belief in God has given him "a very fundamental belief that we should do unto others as we would have others do unto us."[192]

Johnson has celiac disease and maintains a gluten-free diet.[193]

Electoral history

1994 New Mexico gubernatorial election[194]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Republican Gary Johnson 232,945 49.8% +4.7%
Democratic Bruce King (inc.) 186,686 39.9% -14.7%
Green Roberto Mondragón 47,990 10.3%
Majority 46,259 9.9% +0.4%
Turnout 467,621
Republican gain from Democratic Swing
1998 New Mexico gubernatorial election[195]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Republican Gary Johnson (inc.) 271,948 54.5% +4.7%
Democratic Martin Chávez 226,755 45.5% +5.6%
Majority 45,193 9.1% -0.8%
Turnout 498,703
Republican hold Swing
2012 United States presidential election[196] Election on November 6, 2012
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Democratic Barack Obama (inc.) 65,915,795 51.2% -1.8%
Republican Mitt Romney 60,933,504 47.3% +1.6%
Libertarian Gary Johnson 1,275,971 1.0% +0.6%
Green Jill Stein 469,627 0.4% +0.2%
Constitution Virgil Goode 121,616 0.1% -0.1%
Others Others 434,247 0.3% -0.5%
Majority (1,333,513) (1.0%)
Turnout 129,132,140 57.5%
Democratic hold Swing
2016 United States presidential election[197] Election on November 8, 2016
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Republican Donald Trump 62,984,828 46.1% -1.1%
Democratic Hillary Clinton 65,853,514 48.2% -3.0%
Libertarian Gary Johnson 4,489,235 3.3% +2.3%
Green Jill Stein 1,457,226 1.1% +0.7%
Constitution Darrell Castle 203,069 0.1% 0%
Others Others 984,722 0.7% +0.4%
Republican gain from Democratic Swing
2018 United States Senate election in New Mexico
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Democratic Martin Heinrich (inc.) 373,799 54.0%
Republican Mick Rich 211,301 30.6%
Libertarian Gary Johnson 106,524 15.4%

Books

  • Seven Principles of Good Government: Gary Johnson on liberty, people and politics. 2012. Aberdeen, WA: Silver Lake Publishing. ISBN 978-1563439131. OCLC 809701081
  • Common Sense for the Common Good; Libertarianism as the End of Two-Party Tyranny was published as an e-book on September 27, 2016. Johnson describes the book as an examination of "the root causes that have brought the two-party system to crisis."[198]
  • How Liberty Can Change the World. 2017[citation needed]

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Further reading

  • and State of the State speeches from stateline.org
  • Republican Presidential Candidate Gary Johnson On Technology, Benjamin Kuo, socalTECH.com, November 2011

External links

 
Wikiquote has quotations related to Gary Johnson.
 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Gary Johnson.
Party political offices
Preceded by
Frank Bond
 Republican nominee for Governor of New Mexico
1994, 1998 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Libertarian nominee for President of the United States
2012, 2016 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Libertarian nominee for U.S. Senator from New Mexico
(Class 1)
2018 		Most recent
Political offices
Preceded by Governor of New Mexico
1995–2003 		Succeeded by
U.S. order of precedence (ceremonial)
Preceded byas Former Governor Order of precedence of the United States Succeeded byas Former Governor

January 21, 2023
gary, johnson, this, article, about, 2012, 2016, american, presidential, nominee, former, governor, mexico, other, people, with, same, name, disambiguation, gary, earl, johnson, born, january, 1953, american, businessman, author, politician, served, 29th, gove. This article is about the 2012 and 2016 American presidential nominee and former governor of New Mexico For other people with the same name see Gary Johnson disambiguation Gary Earl Johnson born January 1 1953 1 is an American businessman author and politician He served as the 29th governor of New Mexico from 1995 to 2003 as a member of the Republican Party He was the Libertarian Party nominee for President of the United States in the 2012 and 2016 elections He was also the Libertarian nominee in the 2018 U S Senate election in New Mexico 2 3 Gary JohnsonJohnson in 201629th Governor of New MexicoIn office January 1 1995 January 1 2003LieutenantWalter BradleyPreceded byBruce KingSucceeded byBill RichardsonPersonal detailsBornGary Earl Johnson 1953 01 01 January 1 1953 age 70 Minot North Dakota U S Political partyLibertarian 2011 present Other politicalaffiliationsRepublican before 2011 SpouseDenise Simms m 1977 div 2005 wbr Domestic partnerKate Prusack engaged 2009 Children2EducationUniversity of New Mexico BS SignatureJohnson entered politics for the first time by running for governor of New Mexico in 1994 on a low tax anti crime platform 4 promising a common sense business approach He defeated incumbent Democratic governor Bruce King 50 to 40 He cut the 10 annual growth in the budget in part by using the gubernatorial veto 200 times during his first six months 5 He was unable to convince the state senate to pass any of his motions Johnson sought reelection in 1998 winning by 55 to 45 In his second term he concentrated on the issue of school voucher reforms as well as campaigning for cannabis decriminalization 6 During his tenure as governor Johnson adhered to an anti tax policy setting state and national records for the number of times he used his veto power 5 more than the other 49 contemporary governors put together 7 8 Term limited Johnson retired from front line politics in 2003 Johnson ran for president in 2012 initially as a Republican on a libertarian platform emphasizing the United States public debt and a balanced budget protection of civil liberties military non interventionism replacement of income tax with the FairTax and opposition to the War on drugs 9 In December 2011 he withdrew his candidacy for the Republican nomination and stood for the Libertarian nomination instead 10 winning the nomination in May 2012 Johnson received 1 3 million votes 1 more than all other minor candidates combined 11 Johnson ran again for President in 2016 12 once again winning the Libertarian nomination and naming former Republican governor of Massachusetts Bill Weld as his running mate 13 Johnson received nearly 4 5 million votes 3 3 of the total vote which is the most for a third party presidential candidate since 1996 and the highest national vote share for a Libertarian candidate in history After the 2016 presidential election Johnson said he would not run for president again 14 He ran for the U S Senate as a Libertarian in the 2018 New Mexico senate race against incumbent Democratic senator Martin Heinrich coming in third with 15 4 of the statewide vote 107 201 votes 15 16 Contents 1 Early life and career 2 Governor of New Mexico 2 1 First term 2 2 Second term 2 3 Reception 2 4 Post governorship 3 2012 presidential campaign 3 1 Early campaign 3 2 Republican presidential candidacy 3 3 Libertarian presidential nomination and campaign 4 Inter presidential campaign activities 4 1 Our America Initiative PAC 4 2 CEO of Cannabis Sativa Inc 4 3 Libertarians for National Popular Vote 5 2016 presidential campaign 6 2018 U S Senate race 7 Political positions 7 1 Death penalty 7 2 Environmental 7 3 Campaign finance 7 4 Fiscal 7 5 Healthcare 7 6 Federal Reserve 7 7 Foreign policy 7 8 Civil liberties 7 9 Abortion 7 10 Immigration 7 11 Gun Laws 8 Personal life 9 Electoral history 10 Books 11 References 12 Further reading 13 External linksEarly life and career EditJohnson was born on January 1 1953 in Minot North Dakota the son of Lorraine B nee Bostow who worked for the Bureau of Indian Affairs and Earl W Johnson a public school teacher 17 In 1971 Johnson graduated from Sandia High School in Albuquerque New Mexico where he was on the school track team 18 He attended the University of New Mexico from 1971 to 1975 and graduated with a Bachelor of Science degree in political science While at UNM he joined the Sigma Alpha Epsilon fraternity 19 20 It was there that he met his future wife Denise Dee Simms citation needed While in college Johnson earned money as a door to door handyman 21 His success in that industry encouraged him to start his own business Big J Enterprises in 1976 When he started the business which focused on mechanical contracting Johnson was its only employee 22 His firm s major break came when he received a large contract from Intel s expansion in Rio Rancho which increased Big J s revenue to 38 million 23 To cope with the growth of the company Johnson enrolled in a time management course at night school which he credits with making him heavily goal driven 23 He eventually grew Big J into a multimillion dollar corporation with over 1 000 employees 24 By the time he sold the company in 1999 it was one of New Mexico s leading construction companies 25 Governor of New Mexico EditFirst term Edit See also 1994 New Mexico gubernatorial election Johnson entered politics in 1994 with the intention of running for governor and was advised by Republican Elders 23 to run for the State Legislature instead 23 Despite their advice Johnson spent 500 000 of his own money and entered the race with the intent of bringing a common sense business approach to the office 26 Johnson s campaign slogan was People before Politics 27 His platform emphasized tax cuts job creation state government spending growth restraint and law and order 4 He won the Republican nomination defeating state legislator Richard P Cheney by 34 to 33 with John Dendahl and former governor David F Cargo in third and fourth Johnson subsequently won a plurality in the three way general election defeating the incumbent Governor Bruce King a relatively conservative Democrat and the former Lieutenant Governor Roberto Mondragon who ran as a Green with just under 50 of the vote Johnson was elected in a nationally Republican year although party registration in the state of New Mexico at the time was 2 to 1 Democratic 28 As governor Johnson followed a strict small government approach According to former New Mexico Republican National Committee member Mickey D Barnett Any time someone approached him about legislation for some purpose his first response always was to ask if government should be involved in that to begin with 29 He vetoed 200 of 424 bills passed in his first six months in office a national record of 47 of all legislation and used the line item veto on most remaining bills 5 In office Johnson fulfilled his campaign promise to reduce the 10 annual growth of the state budget 5 In his first budget Johnson proposed a wide range of tax cuts including a repeal of the prescription drug tax a 47 million income tax cut and a 6 cents per gallon gasoline tax cut However of these only the gasoline tax cut was passed 30 During the November 1995 federal government shutdown he joined 20 other Republican governors who called on the Republican leadership in Congress to stand firm against the Clinton administration in budget negotiations in the article reporting on the letter and concomitant news conference he was quoted as calling for eliminating the budget deficit through proportional cuts across the budget 31 Although Johnson worked to reduce overall state spending in his first term he raised education spending by nearly a third 32 When drop out rates and test scores showed little improvement Johnson changed his tactics and began advocating school vouchers a key issue in budget battles of his second term as governor 32 Second term Edit See also 1998 New Mexico gubernatorial election In 1998 Johnson ran for reelection as governor against Democratic Albuquerque Mayor Martin Chavez In his campaign Johnson promised to continue the policies of his first term improving schools cutting state spending taxes and bureaucracy and frequent use of his veto and line item veto power 33 Fielding a strong Hispanic candidate in a 40 Hispanic state the Democrats were expected to oust Johnson 32 but Johnson won by a margin of 55 to 45 34 This made him the first governor of New Mexico to serve two successive four year terms after term limits were expanded to two terms in 1991 26 Johnson made the promotion of a school voucher system a hallmark issue of his second term 35 In 1999 he proposed the first statewide voucher system in America which would have enrolled 100 000 students in its first year 32 That year he vetoed two budgets that failed to include a voucher program and a government shutdown was threatened 32 but ultimately yielded to Democratic majorities in both houses of the New Mexico Legislature who opposed the plan Johnson signed the budget but line item vetoed a further 21 million or 1 from the legislative plan 36 In 1999 Johnson became one of the highest ranking elected officials in the US to advocate the legalization of marijuana 37 Saying the War on Drugs was an expensive bust he advocated the decriminalization of marijuana use and concentration on harm reduction measures for all other illegal drugs 38 He compared attempts to enforce the nation s drug laws with the failed attempt at alcohol prohibition In remarks in 2011 he noted Half of what government spends on police courts and prisons is to deal with drug offenders 22 He suggested that drug abuse be treated as a health issue not as a criminal issue His approach to the issue garnered supportive notice from conservative icon William F Buckley 39 as well as the Cato Institute and Rolling Stone 23 40 In 2000 Johnson proposed a more ambitious voucher program than he had proposed the year before under which each parent would receive 3 500 per child for education at any private or parochial school 35 The Democrats sought 90m extra school funding without school vouchers and questioned Johnson s request for more funding for state run prisons having opposed his opening of two private prisons 41 Negotiations between the governor and the legislature were contentious again nearly leading to a government shutdown In 2000 New Mexico was devastated by the Cerro Grande Fire Johnson s handling of the disaster earned him accolades from The Denver Post which observed that Johnson was all over the Cerro Grande Fire last week He helped reporters understand where the fire was headed when low level Forest Service officials couldn t ran herd over the bureaucratic process of getting state and federal agencies and the National Guard involved and even helped put out some of the fire with his feet On a tour of Los Alamos last Wednesday when he saw small flames spreading across a lawn he had his driver stop his car He jumped out and stomped on the flames as did his wife and some of his staffers 38 Johnson s leadership during the fire was praised by Democratic Congressman Tom Udall who said I think the real test of leadership is when you have circumstances like this He s called on his reserves of energy and has just been a really excellent leader under very difficult circumstances here 38 Johnson rebuffed efforts by the Libertarian Party to draft him in the 2000 presidential election stating himself to be a Republican with no interest in running for president 42 Reception Edit According to anonymous sources Governor Johnson was known for a lack of interest in policy details 43 and those who worked with Johnson at the time recall a chief executive who would speed through meetings and often preferred to discuss his fitness routine than focus on the minutiae of policymaking 43 In his first term he frequently clashed with the legislature but in the second term he became more comfortable with the limits of his executive power and took a more conciliatory approach 43 Johnson at Ron Paul s Rally for the Republic in 2008 Commentator Andrew Sullivan quoted a claim that Johnson is highly regarded in the state for his outstanding leadership during two terms as governor He slashed the size of state government during his term and left the state with a large budget surplus 44 In an interview in Reason in January 2001 Johnson s accomplishments in office were described as follows no tax increases in six years a major road building program shifting Medicaid to managed care constructing two new private prisons canning 1 200 state employees and vetoing a record number of bills 26 According to one New Mexico paper Johnson left the state fiscally solid and was arguably the most popular governor of the decade leaving the state with a 1 billion budget surplus 45 The Washington Times reported that when Johnson left office the size of state government had been substantially reduced and New Mexico was enjoying a large budget surplus 29 In a 2016 National Review article Johnson was criticized for claiming to have balanced New Mexico s budget every year 46 The Constitution of New Mexico requires that the state budget be balanced 46 47 with its debt in a separate capital outlay budget 46 The article stated that under Johnson New Mexico s debt increased from 1 8 billion to 4 6 billion 46 and its budget increased from 4 397 billion to 7 721 billion 46 According to a 2011 profile of Johnson in the National Review During his tenure he vetoed more bills than the other 49 governors combined 750 in total one third of which had been introduced by Republican legislators Johnson also used his line item veto power thousands of times He credits his heavy veto pen for eliminating New Mexico s budget deficit and cutting the growth rate of New Mexico s government in half 48 According to the Myrtle Beach Sun News Johnson said his numerous vetoes only two of which were overridden stemmed from his philosophy of looking at all things for their cost benefit ratio and his axe fell on Republicans as well as Democrats 22 While in office Johnson was criticized for opposing funding for an independent study of private prisons after a series of riots and killings at the facilities 49 Martin Chavez his opponent in the 1998 New Mexico gubernatorial race criticized Johnson for his frequent vetoing of programs suggesting that it resulted in New Mexico s low economic and social standing nationally 33 Journalist Mark Ames described Johnson as a hard core conservative who ruled the state like a right wing authoritarian and only embraced marijuana legalization in his second term for populist gain 50 This was mainly in reference to a commercial from Johnson s reelection campaign featuring Johnson saying that a felon in New Mexico would serve every lousy second of their prison sentence Johnson insisted however that the commercial was directed at the guy who s got his gun out rather than nonviolent drug offenders 50 Post governorship Edit Johnson was term limited and could not run for a third consecutive term as governor in 2002 51 In the 2008 presidential election campaign Johnson endorsed Ron Paul for the Republican nomination because of his commitment to less government greater liberty and lasting prosperity for America 52 53 Johnson spoke at Paul s Rally for the Republic on September 2 2008 54 Johnson serves on the Advisory Council of Students for Sensible Drug Policy 55 a student nonprofit organization which advocates for drug policy reform As of April 2011 update he serves on the board of directors of Students For Liberty a nonprofit libertarian organization 56 His first book Seven Principles of Good Government was published on August 1 2012 57 2012 presidential campaign EditMain article Gary Johnson 2012 presidential campaign Early campaign Edit Logo of the Our America Initiative which Johnson founded in 2009 Johnson after a campaign rally in a photo shoot for Reason In 2009 Johnson began indicating interest in running for president in the 2012 election 58 59 In the April 20 2009 edition of The American Conservative magazine Bill Kauffman told readers to keep an eye out for a Johnson presidential campaign in 2012 reporting that Johnson had told him that he was keeping his options open for 2012 and that he may take a shot at the Republican presidential nomination in 2012 as an antiwar anti Fed pro personal liberties slash government spending candidate in other words a Ron Paul libertarian 58 During a June 24 2009 appearance on Fox News s Freedom Watch host Judge Andrew Napolitano asked Johnson if he would run for president in 2012 to which Johnson responded that he thought it would be inappropriate to openly express his desires before President Obama is given the opportunity to prove himself but he followed up that statement by saying it appears personal freedoms are being shoveled out the window more and more 60 In an October 26 2009 interview with the Santa Fe New Mexican s Steve Terrell Johnson announced his decision to form an advocacy committee called the Our America Initiative to help him raise funds and promote small government ideas In December 2009 Johnson asked strategist Ron Nielson of NSON Opinion Strategy who has worked with Johnson since 1993 when he ran his successful gubernatorial campaign to organize the Our American Initiative as a 501 c 4 committee Nielson serves as a senior advisor to Our America Initiative The stated focus of the organization is to speak out on issues regarding topics such as government efficiency lowering taxes ending the war on drugs protecting civil liberties revitalizing the economy and promoting entrepreneurship and privatization 61 The move prompted speculation among media pundits and Johnson s supporters that he might be laying the groundwork for a 2012 presidential run 62 63 Throughout 2010 Johnson repeatedly deflected questions about a 2012 presidential bid by saying his 501 c 4 status prevented him from expressing a desire to run for federal office on politics 64 65 In February 2010 Johnson was a featured speaker at both the Conservative Political Action Conference CPAC and the Republican Liberty Caucus citation needed At CPAC the crowd liked him even as he pushed some of his more controversial points 66 Johnson tied with New Jersey Governor Chris Christie for third in the CPAC Straw Poll trailing only Ron Paul and Mitt Romney and ahead of such notables as former Speaker of the House Newt Gingrich former Minnesota Governor Tim Pawlenty Indiana Governor Mitch Daniels and former Alaska Governor and 2008 vice presidential candidate Sarah Palin 67 David Weigel of Slate called Johnson the second biggest winner of the conference writing that his third place showing in the straw poll gave Johnson his first real media hook He met tons of reporters commanded a small scrum after the vote and is a slightly lighter shade of dark horse now 68 Republican presidential candidacy Edit On April 21 2011 Johnson announced via Twitter I am running for president 69 He followed this announcement with a speech at the New Hampshire State House in Concord New Hampshire 9 He was the first of an eventually large field to announce his candidacy for the Republican presidential nomination 70 Johnson again chose Ron Nielson of NSON Opinion Strategy a director for both of his New Mexico gubernatorial campaigns as his presidential campaign manager and senior advisor 70 The campaign was headquartered in Salt Lake City Utah where Nielson s offices are located 70 Johnson s economics advisor was Harvard economics professor Jeffrey Miron 71 Initially Johnson hoped Ron Paul would not run for president so that Johnson could galvanize Paul s network of libertarian minded voters and he even traveled to Houston to tell Paul of his decision to run in person 70 but Paul announced his candidacy on May 13 2011 Johnson participated in the first of the Republican presidential debates hosted by Fox News in South Carolina on May 5 2011 appearing on stage with Herman Cain Ron Paul Tim Pawlenty and Rick Santorum Mitt Romney and Michele Bachmann both declined to debate Johnson was excluded from the next three debates on June 13 hosted by CNN in New Hampshire August 11 hosted by Fox News in Iowa and September 7 hosted by CNN in California 70 After the first exclusion Johnson made a 43 minute video responding to each of the debate questions which he posted on YouTube 70 72 The first exclusion which was widely publicized gave Johnson a little bump in name recognition and produced a small uptick in donations 70 But the long term consequences were dismal 70 For the financial quarter ending June 30 Johnson raised a mere 180 000 70 Fox News decided that because Johnson polled at least 2 in five recent polls he could participate in a September 22 debate in Florida which it co hosted with the Florida Republican Party the party objected to Johnson s inclusion 70 Johnson participated appearing on stage with Michele Bachmann Herman Cain Newt Gingrich Jon Huntsman Ron Paul Rick Perry Mitt Romney and Rick Santorum During the debate Johnson delivered what many media outlets including the Los Angeles Times and Time called the best line of the night My next door neighbor s two dogs have created more shovel ready jobs than this administration 73 74 Entertainment Weekly opined that Johnson had won the debate 75 Libertarian presidential nomination and campaign Edit Although Johnson had focused the majority of his campaign activities on the New Hampshire primary he announced on November 29 2011 that he would no longer campaign there due to his inability to gain traction with less than a month until the primary 76 There was speculation in the media that he might run as a Libertarian Party candidate instead Johnson acknowledged that he was considering such a move 77 78 79 In December Politico reported that Johnson would quit the Republican primaries and announce his intention to seek the Libertarian Party nomination at a December 28 press conference 80 He also encouraged his supporters to vote for Ron Paul in 2012 Republican presidential primaries citation needed Gary Johnson at the 2012 Libertarian National Convention On December 28 2011 Johnson formally withdrew his candidacy for the Republican presidential nomination and declared his candidacy for the 2012 presidential nomination of the Libertarian Party in Santa Fe New Mexico 10 On May 5 2012 at the 2012 Libertarian National Convention Johnson received the Libertarian Party s official nomination for president in the 2012 election by a vote of 419 votes to 152 votes for second place candidate R Lee Wrights 2 81 In his acceptance speech Johnson asked the convention s delegates to nominate as his running mate Judge Jim Gray of California 82 Gray subsequently received the party s vice presidential nomination on the first ballot 81 Johnson spent the early months of his campaign making media appearances on television programs such as The Daily Show with Jon Stewart 83 and Red Eye w Greg Gutfeld 84 Starting in September 2012 Johnson embarked on a three week tour of college campuses throughout the US 85 86 On October 23 2012 Gary Johnson participated in a third party debate that was aired on C SPAN RT America and Al Jazeera English 87 88 A post debate online election allowed people to choose two candidates from the debate they thought had won to face each other head to head in a run off debate Gary Johnson and Jill Stein won the poll 89 Johnson stated that his goal was to win at least 5 percent of the vote as winning 5 percent would allow Libertarian Party candidates equal ballot access and federal funding during the next election cycle 90 91 In a national Gallup poll of likely registered voters conducted June 7 through June 10 2012 Johnson took 3 of the vote 92 while a Gallup poll conducted September 6 through September 9 2012 showed Johnson taking 1 of likely voters 93 The final results showed Johnson received 1 of the popular vote a total of 1 275 971 votes 94 This was the best result in the Libertarian Party s history by raw vote number though under the 1 1 percentage of the vote won by Ed Clark in 1980 11 95 96 Despite falling short of his stated goal of 5 Johnson stated Ours is a mission accomplished 97 In regards to a future presidential bid he said it is too soon to be talking about 2016 97 Inter presidential campaign activities EditAfter the 2012 elections Johnson continued to criticize the Obama administration on various issues In an article for The Guardian Johnson called on United States Attorney General Eric Holder to let individual states legalize marijuana 98 In a Google Hangout hosted by Johnson in June 2013 he criticized the US government s lack of transparency and due process in regards to the NSA s domestic surveillance programs He also said that he would not rule out running as a Republican again in the future 99 Our America Initiative PAC Edit In December 2013 Johnson announced the founding of his own Super PAC Our America Initiative PAC The Super PAC is intended to support libertarian minded causes From the realities of government run healthcare setting in to the continuing disclosures of the breadth of NSA s domestic spying more Americans than ever are ready to take a serious look at candidates who offer real alternatives to business as usual the release announcing the PAC said 100 CEO of Cannabis Sativa Inc Edit In July 2014 Johnson was named president and CEO of Cannabis Sativa Inc a Nevada based company that aims primarily to sell medical cannabis products in states where medicinal and or recreational cannabis is legal 101 102 103 Libertarians for National Popular Vote Edit In 2020 Johnson joined the Libertarians for National Popular Vote s advisory board 104 2016 presidential campaign EditMain article Gary Johnson 2016 presidential campaign In an April 2014 Ask Me Anything session on Reddit Johnson stated that he hoped to run for president again in 2016 105 On whether he would run as a Libertarian or a Republican he stated I would love running as a Libertarian because I would have the least amount of explaining to do 105 Gary Johnson speaking at the 2016 Conservative Political Action Conference CPAC in Washington D C In November 2014 Johnson affirmed his intention to run for the 2016 Libertarian nomination 106 In July 2015 Johnson reiterated his intentions for a presidential campaign but stated he was not announcing anything imminently I just think there are more downsides than upsides to announcing at this point and look I don t have any delusions about the process In retrospect 90 percent of the time I spent trying to become president ended up to be wasted time 107 In January 2016 Johnson resigned from his post as CEO of Cannabis Sativa Inc to pursue political opportunities hinting to a 2016 presidential run 108 12 On January 6 2016 Johnson declared that he would seek the Libertarian nomination for the presidency 12 On May 18 Johnson named former Massachusetts Governor William Weld as his running mate 109 On May 29 2016 Johnson received the Libertarian nomination on the second ballot 13 Johnson was on the ballot in all 50 states 110 On September 8 Johnson drew widespread negative attention when he appeared on MSNBC s Morning Joe and was asked by panelist Mike Barnicle As president what would you do about Aleppo Johnson responded And what is Aleppo After a clarification from Barnicle Johnson answered by saying that the only way that we deal with Syria is to join hands with Russia to diplomatically bring that at an end 111 Johnson criticized U S support for the Free Syrian Army and Kurdish forces and stated that the mess in Syria was the result of regime change that we end up supporting And inevitably these regime changes have led to a less safe world 111 Johnson s what is Aleppo question drew widespread attention much of it negative 112 113 In response to charges that he was uninformed Johnson said that he had blanked that he did understand the dynamics of the Syrian conflict and that he had thought that Barnicle s reference to Aleppo was in relation to an acronym not the Syrian conflict 113 On September 23 in an MSNBC interview with Kasie Hunt Gary Johnson noted the benefits of being invited to the 2016 Presidential Debates While discussing this topic Johnson stuck out his tongue through his teeth at the reporter while explaining that he could win a three way debate and ultimately the Presidency versus Clinton and Trump while speaking in that manner Johnson s spokesperson John LaBeaume later stated He was just having fun and that it was lighthearted 114 On September 28 in a MSNBC Town Hall Johnson was asked by Chris Matthews to name a world leader he respected he tried to name Vicente Fox a former President of Mexico but could not remember his name 115 116 117 The following day he tweeted It s been almost 24 hours and I still can t come up with a foreign leader I look up to 118 Later in a CNN interview he expanded upon his reluctance to endorse political leaders I held a lot of people in this country on pedestals and then I get to meet them up front and personal and I find out that they re all about getting reelected that they re not about issues a lot of empty suits that I held up on pedestals 119 When asked on October 5 by The New York Times if he knew the name of the leader of North Korea Johnson said yes but declined to give the name despite being pressed 120 121 Johnson speaking at an October 2016 rally in Phoenix Arizona Johnson was not invited to participate in the presidential debates because he did not meet the criterion of 15 support in five polls set by the Commission on Presidential Debates In 2015 Johnson and Green Party nominee Jill Stein filed a lawsuit against the commission arguing that the commission and its rules violated antitrust law and the First Amendment In August 2016 the lawsuit was dismissed 122 Johnson s poll numbers had been averaging between 7 and 9 percent 123 Johnson s campaign manager Ron Nielson argued for Johnson s inclusion citing Ross Perot s admission to the debates in the 1992 debates when Perot was polling at 8 percent 124 A Washington Post SurveyMonkey 50 state poll conducted online between August 9 and September 1 found Gary Johnson polling at 10 or higher in 42 states and at 15 or higher in 15 states Johnson received 25 in his home state of New Mexico and 23 in Utah 125 Another poll conducted in mid August by the Pew Research Center found Johnson supported by about 10 of registered voters Of Johnson supporters more than 60 identified as independent and more than 70 were younger than fifty years old Johnson s supporters were evenly divided between men and women 126 After the election Johnson stated in an interview with the Albuquerque Journal that he does not intend to run for public office again saying Maybe I stay politically active but not as a candidate I will leave that to others 14 He subsequently confirmed that he would not seek the Libertarian Party s nomination in 2020 2018 U S Senate race EditMain article 2018 United States Senate election in New Mexico Johnson was speculated to run in the 2018 U S Senate race in New Mexico after Land Commissioner Aubrey Dunn Jr then the Libertarian nominee dropped out of the race 127 In August 2018 Johnson formally accepted the Libertarian Party of New Mexico s nomination 128 129 130 Republican U S Senator Rand Paul of Kentucky crossed party lines to endorse Johnson s bid 131 Johnson was also endorsed by the Republican nominee for the U S Senate in Maine Eric Brakey 132 In the November 2018 election Democratic incumbent Martin Heinrich was reelected with 376 998 votes 54 Republican nominee Mick Rich received 212 813 votes 31 and Johnson received 107 201 votes 15 133 Political positions EditJohnson s views have been described as fiscally conservative and socially liberal 134 with a philosophy of limited government 135 and military non interventionism 136 137 Johnson spoke at the 2016 Conservative Political Action Conference CPAC 138 a forum for conservative politicians He has identified as a classical liberal 139 He would repeal Obamacare 140 Johnson has said he favors simplifying and reducing taxes 141 During his governorship Johnson cut taxes fourteen times and never increased them 142 Due to his stance on taxes political pundit David Weigel described him as the original Tea Party candidate 143 Johnson has advocated the FairTax as a template for tax reform This proposal would abolish all federal income corporate and capital gains taxes and replace them with a 23 tax on consumption of all non essential goods while providing a regressive rebate to households according to household size regardless of income level He has argued that this would ensure transparency in the tax system and incentivize the private sector to create tens of millions of jobs 144 In June 2016 Johnson said that he supported the Trans Pacific Partnership stating that he previously was skeptical because these trade agreements are just laden with crony capitalism but is now informed it in fact fosters free trade 145 Death penalty Edit In 1994 Johnson ran for governor of New Mexico campaigning as a strong proponent of the death penalty 146 but over time he changed his opinion He now supports abolishing capital punishment and replacing it with life sentences 147 Environmental Edit Johnson s 2016 campaign website acknowledged that the climate is probably changing and that humans are probably contributing to this change Johnson has argued that climate change will not matter in the long term and rejects government action to control or limit including cap and trade as ineffective When you look at the amount of money we are looking to spend on global warming in the trillions and look at the result I just argue that the result is completely inconsequential to the money we would end up spending he said We can direct those moneys to other ways that would be much more beneficial to mankind 148 Johnson has signed the Western Governors Association resolution which aims at collaborative incentive driven locally based solutions and has advocated for free market solutions to environmental problems He has stated that he will not compromise when it comes to clean air clean land or clean water 149 Johnson supports nuclear energy and fossil fuels but has stated that the government has a role to protect Americans against businesses that would harm human health or property including environmental harm 150 Campaign finance Edit Johnson opposed the U S Supreme Court decision in Citizens United v FEC allowing unlimited corporate independent expenditures on political campaigns while also encouraging full disclosure of such expenditures 147 151 Fiscal Edit Johnson has said that he would immediately balance the federal budget and would demand a balanced budget amendment 152 but maintained a state deficit Healthcare Edit He has stated he supports slashing government spending including Medicare Medicaid and Social Security 141 which would involve cutting Medicare and Medicaid by 43 percent and turning them into block grant programs with control of spending in the hands of the states to create in his words fifty laboratories of innovation 152 He has referred to Social Security as a pyramid scheme He has advocated passing a law allowing for state bankruptcy and expressly ruling out a federal bailout of any states 135 Federal Reserve Edit Johnson has expressed opposition to the Federal Reserve System which he has cited as massively devaluing the strength of the U S dollar and would not veto legislation to eliminate it although he has stated that no such bill is likely to come out of Congress during his administration He has also supported an audit of the central bank and urged Members of Congress in July 2012 to vote in favor of Ron Paul s Federal Reserve Transparency Act 153 Foreign policy Edit In his campaign for the Libertarian Party nomination he stated he opposed foreign wars and pledged to cut the military budget by 43 percent in his first term as president 137 He would cut the military s overseas bases uniformed and civilian personnel research and development intelligence and nuclear weapons programs while maintaining an invincible defense 154 155 Johnson opposes U S involvement in the War in Afghanistan and opposed the U S involvement in the Libyan Civil War 156 He has stated that he does not believe Iran is a military threat would use his presidential power to prevent Israel from attacking Iran and would not follow Israel or any other ally into a war that it had initiated 157 While Johnson views the Islamic threat to the US as overrated he has been openly advocating for greater diplomacy with China regarding North Korea which in his view is the biggest threat in the world today stating one of these days one of their ICBMs is going to work 158 However he does support waging war for humanitarian reasons 159 160 161 Civil liberties Edit Johnson has been a strong supporter of civil liberties and has received the highest score of any candidate from the American Civil Liberties Union for supporting drug decriminalization while opposing censorship and regulation of the Internet the Patriot Act enhanced airport screenings and the indefinite detention of prisoners 162 He has spoken in favor of the separation of church and state and has said that he does not seek the counsel of God when determining his political agenda 163 Johnson endorsed same sex marriage in 2011 164 he has since called for a constitutional amendment protecting equal marriage rights 164 and criticized Obama s position on the issue as having thrown this question back to the states 164 Johnson supports the enforcement of Protected Classes that was established by the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and believes that providers should be prohibited from discriminating between customers based on demographics such as race or sexuality This differentiated him from his Libertarian Party opponents in the party primary especially Austin Petersen He has been a longtime advocate of legalizing marijuana and has said that if he were president he would remove it from Schedule I of the Controlled Substances Act as well as issue an executive order pardoning nonviolent marijuana offenders 165 Johnson has stated that he would pardon NSA whistleblower Edward Snowden 166 He believes that decriminalizing sex work should be left up to the states but has said that prostitutes are more at risk in an illegal environment 167 168 Abortion Edit Johnson supports abortion access He has stated he believes that it s the woman s choice His 2016 position page on abortion states the woman must be allowed to make decisions about her own health and government should not be in the business of second guessing 169 Immigration Edit Johnson supports comprehensive immigration reform and has criticized the immigration stances of Obama Trump and Hillary Clinton In his 2012 campaign he summed up his proposals as simplifying legal immigration while tackling illegal immigration 170 Johnson proposes eliminating categories and quotas and offering illegal immigrants without criminal records in the U S a path to legal status In 2012 he called walls ineffective in stopping illegal immigrants and argued that the U S should instead work on tackling Mexican drug cartels by decriminalizing marijuana and giving cartels diminished incentives to violate U S law 170 Johnson believes the root of illegal immigration is what he calls America s complicated immigration policies and has said the U S should recognize the real problem a flawed system and fix it Even for those from the right countries or with the right skills our bureaucracy makes it ridiculously slow and cumbersome to come here legally he has said 171 Johnson advocates simplifying restrictions on temporary work visas granting illegal immigrants who obey the law a two year grace period to obtain work visas and streamlining the immigration process He has also said a work visa should include a background check and a Social Security card so that taxes get paid and supports a one strike you re out deportation rule for immigrants who try to circumnavigate or cheat a simplified immigration process 172 173 174 Gun Laws Edit Johnson opposes federal and state gun control legislation saying I m a firm believer in the Second Amendment and so I would not have signed legislation banning assault weapons or automatic weapons 175 Johnson says that the Second Amendment was designed to protect us against a government that could be very intrusive And in this country we have a growing police state if people can own assault rifles or automatic rifles I think leads to a more civil government 175 Johnson would however limit weapons such as rocket launchers 175 Johnson believes that allowing concealed carrying of guns reduces crime and gun violence 175 176 He opposes barring gun sales to individuals on the no fly list because he claims that such lists have a high error rate 176 Johnson has called for a thousand person taskforce or hot line to prevent terrorists from obtaining guns and has questioned why the perpetrator of the Orlando nightclub shooting was not deprived of his guns after being interviewed three times 177 Personal life Edit Johnson running the 38th Annual Stratham Fair Road Race Johnson was married to his college girlfriend Dee Johnson nee Simms 1952 2006 from 1977 to 2005 178 179 As First Lady of New Mexico she engaged in campaigns against smoking and for breast cancer awareness 180 and oversaw the expansion of the Governor s Mansion He initiated a separation in May 2005 and four months later announced that they would divorce 181 At the age of 54 Dee Johnson died unexpectedly on December 22 2006 180 her cause of death later attributed to hypertensive heart disease 182 The couple had two children now adults 178 He also has a granddaughter Cora through his son Erik 183 Johnson was an avid triathlete who biked extensively During his term in office he competed in several triathlons marathons and bike races He competed three times 1993 1997 1999 as a celebrity invitee at the Ironman World Championship in Hawaii registering his best time for the 2 4 mile 3 9 km swim 112 mile 180 km bike ride and 26 2 mile 42 2 km marathon run in 1999 with 10 hours 39 minutes and 16 seconds 184 185 He once ran 100 miles 160 km in 30 consecutive hours in the Rocky Mountains 23 On May 30 2003 he reached the summit of Mount Everest 186 despite toes blackened with frostbite 29 He has climbed all of the Seven Summits Mount Everest Mount Elbrus Denali Mount Kilimanjaro Aconcagua Mount Vinson and Carstensz Pyramid the tallest peaks in Asia Europe North America Africa South America Antarctica and Australia respectively 187 He completed the Bataan Memorial Death March at White Sands Missile Range in New Mexico in which participants traverse a 26 2 mi 42 2 km course through the desert many of them in combat boots and wearing 35 pound 16 kg packs 188 On October 12 2005 Johnson was involved in a near fatal paragliding accident when his wing caught in a tree and he fell approximately 50 feet 15 m to the ground He suffered multiple bone fractures including a burst fracture to his twelfth thoracic vertebra a broken rib and a broken knee the accident left him 1 1 2 inches 3 8 cm shorter 189 139 190 He used medicinal marijuana for pain control from 2005 to 2008 191 Johnson is a Lutheran and has said that his belief in God has given him a very fundamental belief that we should do unto others as we would have others do unto us 192 Johnson has celiac disease and maintains a gluten free diet 193 Electoral history Edit1994 New Mexico gubernatorial election 194 Party Candidate Votes Republican Gary Johnson 232 945 49 8 4 7 Democratic Bruce King inc 186 686 39 9 14 7 Green Roberto Mondragon 47 990 10 3 Majority 46 259 9 9 0 4 Turnout 467 621Republican gain from Democratic Swing1998 New Mexico gubernatorial election 195 Party Candidate Votes Republican Gary Johnson inc 271 948 54 5 4 7 Democratic Martin Chavez 226 755 45 5 5 6 Majority 45 193 9 1 0 8 Turnout 498 703Republican hold Swing2012 United States presidential election 196 Election on November 6 2012 Party Candidate Votes Democratic Barack Obama inc 65 915 795 51 2 1 8 Republican Mitt Romney 60 933 504 47 3 1 6 Libertarian Gary Johnson 1 275 971 1 0 0 6 Green Jill Stein 469 627 0 4 0 2 Constitution Virgil Goode 121 616 0 1 0 1 Others Others 434 247 0 3 0 5 Majority 1 333 513 1 0 Turnout 129 132 140 57 5 Democratic hold Swing2016 United States presidential election 197 Election on November 8 2016 Party Candidate Votes Republican Donald Trump 62 984 828 46 1 1 1 Democratic Hillary Clinton 65 853 514 48 2 3 0 Libertarian Gary Johnson 4 489 235 3 3 2 3 Green Jill Stein 1 457 226 1 1 0 7 Constitution Darrell Castle 203 069 0 1 0 Others Others 984 722 0 7 0 4 Republican gain from Democratic Swing2018 United States Senate election in New Mexico Party Candidate Votes Democratic Martin Heinrich inc 373 799 54 0 Republican Mick Rich 211 301 30 6 Libertarian Gary Johnson 106 524 15 4 Books EditSeven Principles of Good Government Gary Johnson on liberty people and politics 2012 Aberdeen WA Silver Lake Publishing ISBN 978 1563439131 OCLC 809701081 Common Sense for the Common Good Libertarianism as the End of Two Party Tyranny was published as an e book on September 27 2016 Johnson describes the book as an examination of the root causes that have brought the two party system to crisis 198 How Liberty Can Change the World 2017 citation needed References Edit Gary Johnson American business executive and politician Encyclopedia Britannica Archived from the original on July 3 2019 Retrieved December 29 2019 a b Pratt Timothy May 5 2012 Libertarians nominate ex Governor Gary Johnson for 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House of Representatives PDF Federal Election Commission Report July 2013 Archived PDF from the original on September 15 2018 Retrieved September 14 2018 Harrington Gerry Libertarian Party buoyant Greens hopeful United Press International Archived from the original on November 9 2012 Retrieved November 9 2012 Blake Aaron Sullivan Sean November 20 2012 The GOP s growing Libertarian problem The Washington Post Archived from the original on January 23 2013 Retrieved January 10 2013 a b Weber Joseph November 7 2012 Johnson satisfied with presidential run mum on future bid for office Fox News Channel Archived from the original on February 24 2016 Retrieved November 15 2012 Johnson Gary March 9 2013 Let states legalise marijuana Eric Holder you know it makes sense The Guardian Archived from the original on September 8 2013 Retrieved August 12 2013 Evans Zenon June 12 2013 Gary Johnson Weighs in on NSA Says He s Open to Running As a Republican Again Reason Archived from the original on June 17 2013 Retrieved August 12 2013 Reichbach Matthew December 11 2013 Gary Johnson launches Super PAC New Mexico Telegram Archived from the original on December 15 2013 Retrieved January 5 2014 a href Template Cite news html title Template Cite news cite news a CS1 maint unfit URL link Goldsmith Alex July 1 2014 Gary Johnson to head marijuana company New Mexico Telegram Archived from the original on July 3 2014 Retrieved July 2 2014 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint unfit URL link Roller Emma July 2 2014 Gary Johnson Is Now CEO of a Marijuana Company And He Wants to Run for President National Journal Archived from the original on January 15 2017 Retrieved July 2 2014 Mayfield Dan July 1 2014 Former NM governor Gary Johnson takes helm at marijuana products company Albuquerque Business First Archived from the original on February 20 2015 Retrieved September 18 2018 Libertarians for National Popular Vote About Us libertariansfornationalpopularvote com Archived from the original on January 22 2021 Retrieved January 14 2021 We Are Libertarians for National Popular Vote a b Roller Emma April 23 2014 Remember Gary Johnson He Wants to Run for President Again National Journal Archived from the original on April 24 2014 Gillespie Nick November 4 2014 Gary Johnson I ll Run in 2016 to Provide Libertarian Option That Rand Paul Doesn t Offer Reason Archived from the original on November 6 2014 Retrieved November 6 2014 Gillespie Nick Bragg Meredith July 16 2015 Gary Johnson on Trump the Presidential Election and Life as a Pot Company CEO Johnson says he wants nothing to do with the GOP Reason Reason Foundation Archived from the original on February 4 2019 Retrieved September 17 2018 Fisher Anthony L January 6 2016 UPDATED Gary Johnson Is Running For President Reason Archived from the original on September 14 2018 Retrieved September 14 2018 DeCosta Klipa Nick May 18 2016 Former Massachusetts Gov Bill Weld confirmed as Libertarian candidate Gary Johnson s VP Boston com Boston Globe Media Partners Archived from the original on May 20 2016 Retrieved May 19 2016 Gary Johnson on November Ballot in All 50 States Yahoo News September 14 2016 Archived from the original on August 27 2018 Retrieved October 6 2016 a b Read the Interview Where Gary Johnson Asked What Aleppo Is Time Archived from the original on October 6 2016 Retrieved October 7 2016 Wright David September 8 2016 What is Aleppo CNN Archived from the original on September 8 2016 Retrieved September 9 2016 a b Nelson Louis September 8 2016 Libertarian candidate Gary Johnson What is Aleppo Politico Archived from the original on September 10 2016 Retrieved September 11 2016 Wait why did Gary Johnson bite his tongue in an MSNBC interview Washington Post Archived from the original on November 14 2016 Retrieved November 13 2016 Weigel David Gary Johnson has Aleppo moment when asked to name favorite foreign leader Washington Post Archived from the original on September 30 2016 Retrieved September 29 2016 Woolf Nicky September 29 2016 US presidential candidate Gary Johnson fails to name a foreign leader he admires The Guardian Archived from the original on September 29 2016 Retrieved September 29 2016 I Guess I m Having an Aleppo Moment Gary Johnson Can t Name a Single Foreign Leader The New York Times September 29 2016 Archived from the original on January 15 2017 Retrieved February 16 2017 GovGaryJohnson September 29 2016 It s been almost 24 hours and I still can t come up with a foreign leader I look up to Tweet via Twitter Scott Eugene October 4 2016 Gary Johnson stands by being skeptical of elected officials foreign leaders CNN Archived from the original on September 17 2018 Retrieved September 17 2018 Walsh Michael October 6 2016 Gary Johnson won t or can t name North Korea s leader Kim Jong Un Yahoo News Archived from the original on February 24 2017 Retrieved February 27 2017 Haberman Maggie Burns Alexander October 5 2016 Gary Johnson Equates Syria Deaths Caused by Assad and West The New York Times Archived from the original on February 17 2017 Retrieved February 27 2017 Stelter Brian August 5 2016 Judge dismisses debate lawsuit filed by Gary Johnson and Jill Stein CNN Money Archived from the original on October 9 2016 Retrieved October 6 2016 General Election Trump vs Clinton vs Johnson RealClearPolitics Archived from the original on October 6 2016 Retrieved October 6 2016 Nielson Ron September 15 2016 Bring Out a Third Lectern for Gary Johnson Wall Street Journal Archived from the original on October 5 2016 Retrieved October 6 2016 Gamio Lazaro New poll shows how Trump Clinton matchup is redrawing the electoral map Washington Post Archived from the original on September 9 2016 Retrieved September 9 2016 Russonello Giovanni September 4 2016 Libertarian Gary Johnson Polls at 10 Percent Who Are His Supporters The New York Times Archived from the original on August 17 2018 Retrieved September 14 2018 Contreras Russell July 28 2018 Possible Gary Johnson Senate Bid Scrambles New Mexico Race Talking Points Memo Talking Points Memo Archived from the original on September 8 2018 Retrieved October 14 2018 Libertarian Party courts Gary Johnson for Senate run Business Insider Associated Press August 5 2018 Archived from the original on September 17 2018 Retrieved September 18 2018 Boyd Dan August 14 2018 Gary Johnson makes it official He s running for U S Senate Albuquerque Journal Archived from the original on August 15 2018 Retrieved September 14 2018 Hagen Lisa August 14 2018 Gary Johnson launches New Mexico Senate bid The Hill Archived from the original on September 17 2018 Retrieved September 17 2018 Hunter Jack August 29 2018 Rand Paul endorses Gary Johnson puts principles over party Washington Examiner Archived from the original on September 4 2018 Retrieved September 14 2018 Welch Matt August 31 2018 Eric Brakey Republican Senate Candidate in Maine Endorses Gary Johnson Reason Archived from the original on September 13 2018 Retrieved September 17 2018 Election 2018 New Mexico U S Senate Election Results Archived April 18 2019 at the Wayback Machine New York Times Haq Husna April 21 2011 Election 101 Who is Gary Johnson The Christian Science Monitor Archived from the original on April 24 2011 Retrieved April 23 2011 a b Bolduc Brian January 3 2011 2012 Year of the Libertarian National Review Archived from the original on January 6 2011 Retrieved April 23 2011 Don t Forget Gary Johnson How the Libertarian Could Shake Up 2012 The Daily Beast May 6 2012 Archived from the original on November 5 2021 Retrieved September 17 2018 a b Brian Doherty April 11 2012 Gary Johnson s Foreign Policy Libertarian or Strange Reason Archived from the original on September 14 2018 Retrieved September 17 2018 Sherfinski David March 3 2016 Libertarian Gary Johnson to CPAC Get me into 2016 presidential debates The Washington Times Archived from the original on September 14 2018 Retrieved September 14 2018 a b Toole John September 9 2011 Johnson campaign tests GOP support for classical liberal eagletribune com The Eagle Tribune Archived from the original on July 14 2014 Retrieved July 12 2014 Binckes Jeremy October 1 2016 Maher Johnson is for nothing Bernie supporters want Salon com Archived from the original on September 14 2018 Retrieved September 17 2018 a b Glover Mike September 8 2010 Former NM gov is little known but has big ideas Boston Globe AP Archived from the original on April 8 2016 Retrieved April 23 2011 Quigley Bernie February 10 2011 Prelude to a nervous breakdown New Mexico s Gary Johnson rises The Hill Archived from the original on June 28 2011 Retrieved April 23 2011 Weigel David September 8 2010 America s Next Top Libertarian Slate Archived from the original on December 11 2011 Retrieved April 23 2011 Quinn Garrett August 22 2012 Fair Tax Gives Gary Johnson Some Hiccups On The Trail Reason Archived from the original on November 27 2012 Retrieved November 12 2012 Scher Bill June 19 2016 Think You ve Got It Locked Hillary Meet Jill Stein Politico Archived from the original on June 19 2016 Retrieved June 19 2016 Gary Johnson on Crime Archived from the original on September 24 2021 Retrieved September 24 2021 a b What Libertarian Gary Johnson believes in 2 minutes YouTube YouTube Archived from the original on September 24 2021 Retrieved September 24 2021 Bowerman Mary September 23 2016 Johnson s views on tackling climate change appear to be in opposition to a large percentage of his supporters USA Today Archived from the original on July 9 2018 Retrieved September 17 2018 Collaborative incentive driven locally based solutions On the Issues Archived from the original on August 30 2018 Retrieved September 17 2018 Where Gov Johnson Stands on Energy September 18 2012 Archived from the original on October 6 2016 Retrieved October 5 2016 Birnbaum Ben September 16 2016 Why Gary Johnson Matters Politico Archived from the original on August 5 2019 Retrieved August 5 2019 a b Klein Rick April 22 2011 Gary Johnson From Obscurity to Prominence in New Hampshire ABC News Archived from the original on October 19 2011 Retrieved April 23 2011 Gov Gary Johnson Sends Letter To House Of Representatives garyjohnson2012 com July 23 2012 Archived from the original on July 25 2012 Retrieved August 26 2012 Interview with Gov Gary Johnson LP presidential candidate on Foreign Policy YouTube April 2011 Event occurs at 6 00 Archived from the original on August 31 2013 Retrieved November 8 2013 John Vaught LaBeaume September 1 2011 Gov Gary Cut defense quit subsidizing Eurocare Washington Examiner Archived from the original on September 15 2018 Retrieved September 18 2018 Friedersdorf Conor April 22 2011 The Zen of Gary Johnson The Atlantic Archived from the original on April 25 2011 Retrieved April 23 2011 Interview with Gov Gary Johnson LP presidential candidate on Foreign Policy YouTube April 2011 Event occurs at 4 30 Archived from the original on August 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Archived from the original on October 22 2012 Retrieved October 23 2012 a b c Riggs Mike May 10 2012 Gary Johnson on Obama s Gay Marriage Remarks I guess the President is still more worried about losing Ohio Colorado North Carolina and Virginia than he is in doing the right thing Reason Archived from the original on May 21 2012 Retrieved May 21 2012 Riggs Mike October 19 2011 Gary Johnson on Defanging the DEA Pardoning Marijuana Offenders and Standing With Occupy Wall Street Reason Archived from the original on October 20 2011 Retrieved October 19 2011 Vladmirov Nikita September 24 2016 Gary Johnson I would pardon Snowden The Hill Archived from the original on September 27 2016 Retrieved April 3 2017 Gary Johnson on Legalizing Prostitution YouTube YouTube Archived from the original on September 24 2021 Retrieved September 24 2021 Brown Elizabeth August 2016 Gary Johnson Clarifies Sex Workers Are Victims of Prohibition Reason Archived from the original on September 26 2020 Retrieved August 18 2020 Abortion Gary Johnson for President Archived from the original on July 24 2016 Retrieved September 17 2016 a b Immigration Archived from the original on December 7 2020 Retrieved February 7 2021 Johnson Gary August 29 2016 Gary Johnson Build a better immigration system not a wall CNN Archived from the original on February 4 2021 Retrieved February 7 2021 Gary Johnson presidential campaign 2016 Immigration Ballotpedia Archived from the original on December 13 2020 Retrieved February 7 2021 Gary Johnson on Immigration www ontheissues org Archived from the original on December 5 2020 Retrieved February 7 2021 Libertarian Candidate Gary Johnson s Proposal Would End Illegal Immigration Cato Institute August 30 2016 Archived from the original on December 25 2020 Retrieved February 7 2021 a b c d Presidential candidate Gary Johnson talks guns for profit prisons RNN Regional News Network January 30 2013 Archived from the original on October 2 2016 Retrieved October 3 2016 a b Page Susan June 16 2016 Libertarian nominee Gary Johnson on guns debates and pot USA Today Archived from the original on November 9 2018 Retrieved September 17 2018 2016 CNN Libertarian Town Hall with Gary Johnson amp Bill Weld OnTheIssues June 22 2016 Archived from the original on October 4 2016 Retrieved October 6 2016 a b Ryan Lizza July 25 2016 The Libertarians Secret Weapon The New Yorker Archived from the original on July 24 2016 Retrieved August 5 2016 Haq Husna April 21 2011 Election 101 Who is Gary Johnson The Christian Science Monitor Archived from the original on April 24 2011 Retrieved May 7 2011 a b Olson Sean December 24 2006 Ex N M First Lady Dies Dee Johnson Fought for Women s and Children s Issues Albuquerque Journal Archived from the original on September 19 2018 Retrieved September 18 2018 Linthicum Leslie September 29 2005 Ex Gov Johnson Wife Are Divorcing Albuquerque Journal Archived from the original on September 18 2018 Retrieved September 18 2018 Linthicum Leslie February 10 2007 Former First Lady Died of Heart Disease Albuquerque Journal Archived from the original on September 19 2018 Retrieved September 18 2018 Johnson Gary Gary Johnson s Biography Vote Smart Archived from the original on December 6 2018 Retrieved December 6 2018 Mallozzi Vincent M October 12 1997 Famous Just Doesn t Make It The New York Times Archived from the original on September 13 2018 Retrieved September 17 2018 New Mexico Governor to Compete in Ironman Utah World Triathlon Corporation June 3 2002 Archived from the original on November 5 2011 Former governor scales Mount Everest Lawrence Journal World Online Edition Lawrence Kansas Associated Press June 8 2003 Archived from the original on May 23 2011 Retrieved April 21 2011 Szokan Nancy September 19 2016 Gary Johnson s impressive track record in another kind of race Archived from the original on September 17 2018 Retrieved September 17 2018 Corjulo Michael August 9 2011 GOP Presidential Hopefuls Go To Ames Gary Johnson Rides a Bike Talking Points Memo Archived from the original on September 1 2012 Retrieved August 31 2012 Navrot Miguel October 24 2005 Ex Governor Johnson Injured While Paragliding Albuquerque Journal Archived from the original on September 13 2018 Retrieved September 18 2018 Moody Chris September 21 2011 Unorthodox GOP candidate Gary Johnson gets his chance in Orlando debate Yahoo News Yahoo Archived from the original on July 14 2014 Retrieved July 2 2014 McCormack John December 6 2010 Gov Gary Johnson I Smoked Marijuana from 2005 to 2008 The Weekly Standard Archived from the original on September 17 2018 Retrieved September 17 2018 Gary Johnson Candidate Profile Reason October 11 2011 Archived from the original on October 2 2012 Retrieved November 17 2012 Taylor Jessica September 30 2016 Gary Johnson Is Probably The Healthiest Candidate For President NPR Archived from the original on August 16 2018 Retrieved September 17 2018 Canvass of Returns of General Election Held on November 8 1994 State of New Mexico PDF Archived from the original PDF on February 21 2014 Retrieved November 8 2012 State of New Mexico Official 1998 General Election Results for Governor Of New Mexico Archived from the original on November 30 2008 Leip Dave 2012 Presidential General Election Results uselectionatlas org Archived from the original on January 15 2013 Retrieved December 10 2012 Leip Dave 2016 Presidential General Election Results uselectionatlas org Archived from the original on July 9 2018 Retrieved November 10 2012 E book from libertarian Gary Johnson coming Sept 27 Washington Times AP August 31 2016 Archived from the original on September 1 2016 Retrieved August 31 2016 Further reading Edit2001 and 2002 State of the State speeches from stateline org Republican Presidential Candidate Gary Johnson On Technology Benjamin Kuo socalTECH com November 2011External links Edit Wikiquote has quotations related to Gary Johnson Wikimedia Commons has media related to Gary Johnson Issue positions and quotes at On the Issues Appearances on C SPAN Appearances at the Internet Movie Database Collected news and commentary at The New York Times Collected news and commentary at The Wall Street Journal paywall Financial information at OpenSecrets Gary Johnson at Libertarians for National Popular VoteParty political officesPreceded byFrank Bond Republican nominee for Governor of New Mexico1994 1998 Succeeded byJohn SanchezPreceded byBob Barr Libertarian nominee for President of the United States2012 2016 Succeeded byJo JorgensenPreceded byAubrey Dunn Jr Withdrew Libertarian nominee for U S Senator from New Mexico Class 1 2018 Most recentPolitical officesPreceded byBruce King Governor of New Mexico1995 2003 Succeeded byBill RichardsonU S order of precedence ceremonial Preceded byGarrey Carruthersas Former Governor Order of precedence of the United States Succeeded bySusana Martinezas Former Governor Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Gary Johnson amp 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