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Game (hunting)

February 15, 2024

"Wild game" redirects here. For the novel, see Wild Game.

Game or quarry is any wild animal hunted for animal products (primarily meat), for recreation ("sporting"), or for trophies.[1] The species of animals hunted as game varies in different parts of the world and by different local jurisdictions, though most are terrestrial mammals and birds. Fish caught non-commercially (recreational fishing) are also referred to as game fish.

Common pheasant, widely introduced and hunted as game

By continent and region edit

The range of animal species hunted by humans varies in different parts of the world. This is influenced by climate, faunal diversity, popular taste and locally accepted views about what can or cannot be legitimately hunted. Sometimes a distinction is also made between varieties and breeds of a particular animal, such as wild turkey and domestic turkey. The flesh of the animal, when butchered for consumption, is often described as having a "gamey" flavour. This difference in taste can be attributed to the natural diet of the animal, which usually results in a lower fat content compared to domestic farm-raised animals.

In some countries, game is classified, including legal classifications with respect to licenses required, as either "small game" or "large game". A single small game licence may cover all small game species and be subject to yearly bag limits. Large game are often subject to individual licensing where a separate permit is required for each individual animal taken (tags).

Africa edit

See also: Elephant meat
 
A hunter and local guides with his kill, 1970

In some parts of Africa, wild animals hunted for their meat are called bushmeat; see that article for more detailed information on how this operates within the economy (for personal consumption and for money) and the law (including overexploitation and illegal imports). Animals hunted for bushmeat include, but are not limited to:

Some of these animals are endangered or otherwise protected, and thus it is illegal to hunt them.

In Africa, animals hunted for their pelts or ivory are sometimes referred to as big game.

Also see the legal definition of game in Eswatini.[2]

South Africa edit

South Africa is a famous destination for game hunting, with its large biodiversity and therefore impressive variety of game species. Many creatures have returned to former areas from which they were once taken as a result of being killed for big-game hunting. Commonly hunted species include:

South Africa also has 62 species of gamebirds, including guineafowl, francolin, partridge, quail, sandgrouse, duck, geese, snipe, bustard and korhaan. Some of these species are no longer hunted, and of the 44 indigenous gamebirds that can potentially be utilised in South Africa, only three, namely the yellow-throated sandgrouse, Delegorgue's pigeon and the African pygmy goose warrant special protection. Of the remaining 41 species, 24 have shown an increase in numbers and distribution range in the last 25 years or so. The status of 14 species appears unchanged, with insufficient information being available for the remaining three species. The gamebirds of South Africa where the population status in 2005 was secure or growing are listed below:

Oceania edit

Australia edit

In Australia, game includes:

New Zealand edit

Main article: Hunting in New Zealand

Game in New Zealand includes:

North America edit

Canada and the United States edit

 
Big-game hunting
See also: Upland game bird and country food

In the United States and Canada, white-tailed deer are the most commonly hunted big game. Other game species include:

 
Bobwhite quail, an important North American gamebird
 
White-tailed deer
Reptiles and amphibians
See also: Alligator meat
Birds (predator)
Birds (upland game birds)
Birds (waterfowl)
Birds (shorebirds)
Ungulates
Carnivores
Rodents
Misc. mammals

Asia edit

People's Republic of China edit

In the PRC there is a special cuisine category called ye wei, which includes animals in the wild.

Russia edit

See also: Hunting in Russia
 
"The Hunters at Rest" by Vasily Perov, 1871

Europe edit

United Kingdom edit

 
Game birds at Borough Market in London

In the UK game is defined in law by the Game Act 1831. It is illegal to shoot game on Sundays or at night. Other non-game birds that are hunted for food in the UK are specified under the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981. UK law defines game as including:

Deer are not included in the definition, but similar controls provided to those in the Game Act apply to deer (from the Deer Act 1991). Deer hunted in the UK are:

Other animals which are hunted in the UK include:

Capercaillie are not currently hunted in the UK because of a recent decline in numbers and conservation projects towards their recovery. The ban is generally considered voluntary on private lands, and few birds live away from RSPB or Forestry Commission land allegedly.

See also: Hunting and shooting in the United Kingdom

Iceland edit

In Iceland game includes:

Nordic countries edit

 
Roe deer

Game in Norway, Sweden, Denmark and Finland includes:

Poland edit

In Poland, legal game includes:[3]
Big game

Small game

Preparation edit

 
A kitchen interior with a maid and a lady preparing game, c. 1600

Game meat is typically taken from a wild animal that has been shot with a gun or bow. Hunters must be absolutely certain of their target before shooting and should make every effort to get the animal down as quickly and painlessly as possible. Once obtained, game meat must be processed to avoid spoiling. The method of processing varies by game species and size. Small game and fowl may simply be carried home to be butchered. Large game such as deer is quickly field-dressed by removing the viscera in the field, while very large animals like moose may be partially butchered in the field because of the difficulty of removing them intact from their habitat. Commercial processors often handle deer taken during deer seasons, sometimes even at supermarket meat counters. Otherwise the hunter handles butchering. The carcass is kept cool to minimize spoilage.

Traditionally, game meat was hung until "high" or "gamey", that is, approaching a state of decomposition.[4] However, this adds to the risk of contamination. Small game can be processed essentially intact, after gutting and skinning or defeathering (by species). Small animals are ready for cooking, although they may be disjointed first. Large game must be processed by techniques commonly practiced by commercial butchers.

Cooking edit

 
Wikibooks Cookbook has a recipe/module on
  • Game

Generally game is cooked in the same ways as farmed meat.[5] Because some game meat is leaner than store-bought beef, overcooking is a common mishap which can be avoided if properly prepared.[6][7] It is sometimes grilled or cooked longer or by slow cooking or moist-heat methods to make it more tender, since some game tends to be tougher than farm-raised meat. Other methods of tenderizing include marinating as in the dish Hasenpfeffer, cooking in a game pie or as a stew such as burgoo.

Safety edit

The Norwegian Food Safety Authority considers that children, pregnant women, fertile-aged women, and people with high blood pressure should not consume game shot with lead-based ammunition more than once a month. Children who often eat such game might develop a slightly lower IQ, as lead influences the development of the central nervous system.[8]

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ "Game | Definition, Wild Animals, & Preparation | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 2023-09-14.
  2. ^ The Game Act 2004-06-18 at the Wayback Machine Swaziland Legislation
  3. ^ "Rozporządzenie Ministra Środowiska z dnia 11 marca 2005 r. w sprawie ustalenia listy gatunków zwierząt łownych" [Regulation of the Minister of Environment of 11 March 2005 regarding specifying list of game species]. Regulation of 11 March 2005 (PDF) (in Polish). 2005-03-22. Retrieved 2022-07-27 – via Sejm (isap.sejm.gov.pl).
  4. ^ Oxford English Dictionary, 3rd edition, s.v. high adj. A.II.12d, gamey 1a
  5. ^ "Game-to-Eat". 2007-05-02.
  6. ^ . 2007-05-19. Archived from the original on 2007-05-19. Retrieved 2011-10-17.
  7. ^ Venison Direct to Your Door Highland Game
  8. ^ "Mattilsynet: – Barn kan få lavere IQ av storvilt" (in Norwegian). NRK.no. 29 August 2013. Retrieved August 30, 2013.

External links edit

  •   Media related to Game (hunting) at Wikimedia Commons

February 15, 2024
game, hunting, wild, game, redirects, here, novel, wild, game, this, article, multiple, issues, please, help, improve, discuss, these, issues, talk, page, learn, when, remove, these, template, messages, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification. Wild game redirects here For the novel see Wild Game This article has multiple issues Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page Learn how and when to remove these template messages This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Game hunting news newspapers books scholar JSTOR July 2007 Learn how and when to remove this template message This article may need to be rewritten to comply with Wikipedia s quality standards You can help The talk page may contain suggestions October 2014 Learn how and when to remove this template message Game or quarry is any wild animal hunted for animal products primarily meat for recreation sporting or for trophies 1 The species of animals hunted as game varies in different parts of the world and by different local jurisdictions though most are terrestrial mammals and birds Fish caught non commercially recreational fishing are also referred to as game fish Common pheasant widely introduced and hunted as game Contents 1 By continent and region 1 1 Africa 1 1 1 South Africa 1 2 Oceania 1 2 1 Australia 1 2 2 New Zealand 1 3 North America 1 3 1 Canada and the United States 1 3 1 1 Reptiles and amphibians 1 3 1 2 Birds predator 1 3 1 3 Birds upland game birds 1 3 1 4 Birds waterfowl 1 3 1 5 Birds shorebirds 1 3 1 6 Ungulates 1 3 1 7 Carnivores 1 3 1 8 Rodents 1 3 1 9 Misc mammals 1 4 Asia 1 4 1 People s Republic of China 1 4 2 Russia 1 5 Europe 1 5 1 United Kingdom 1 5 2 Iceland 1 5 3 Nordic countries 1 5 4 Poland 2 Preparation 3 Cooking 4 Safety 5 See also 6 References 7 External linksBy continent and region editThis section does not cite any sources Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed May 2021 Learn how and when to remove this template message The range of animal species hunted by humans varies in different parts of the world This is influenced by climate faunal diversity popular taste and locally accepted views about what can or cannot be legitimately hunted Sometimes a distinction is also made between varieties and breeds of a particular animal such as wild turkey and domestic turkey The flesh of the animal when butchered for consumption is often described as having a gamey flavour This difference in taste can be attributed to the natural diet of the animal which usually results in a lower fat content compared to domestic farm raised animals In some countries game is classified including legal classifications with respect to licenses required as either small game or large game A single small game licence may cover all small game species and be subject to yearly bag limits Large game are often subject to individual licensing where a separate permit is required for each individual animal taken tags Africa edit See also Elephant meat nbsp A hunter and local guides with his kill 1970In some parts of Africa wild animals hunted for their meat are called bushmeat see that article for more detailed information on how this operates within the economy for personal consumption and for money and the law including overexploitation and illegal imports Animals hunted for bushmeat include but are not limited to Various species of antelope including duikers Various species of primates like mandrills or gorillas Rodents like porcupines or cane ratsSome of these animals are endangered or otherwise protected and thus it is illegal to hunt them In Africa animals hunted for their pelts or ivory are sometimes referred to as big game Also see the legal definition of game in Eswatini 2 South Africa edit South Africa is a famous destination for game hunting with its large biodiversity and therefore impressive variety of game species Many creatures have returned to former areas from which they were once taken as a result of being killed for big game hunting Commonly hunted species include Springbok Impala Steenbok Oribi Bushbuck Nyala Greater Kudu Common Eland Blue Wildebeest Black Wildebeest Blesbok Bontebok Sable Antelope Roan Antelope Gemsbok Giraffe Cape Buffalo Southern White Rhinoceros Plains Zebra South Africa also has 62 species of gamebirds including guineafowl francolin partridge quail sandgrouse duck geese snipe bustard and korhaan Some of these species are no longer hunted and of the 44 indigenous gamebirds that can potentially be utilised in South Africa only three namely the yellow throated sandgrouse Delegorgue s pigeon and the African pygmy goose warrant special protection Of the remaining 41 species 24 have shown an increase in numbers and distribution range in the last 25 years or so The status of 14 species appears unchanged with insufficient information being available for the remaining three species The gamebirds of South Africa where the population status in 2005 was secure or growing are listed below Helmeted guineafowl Greywing partridge Redwing partridge Orange River partridge Cape francolin Natal francolin Swainson s francolin Common quail Harlequin quail Namaqua sandgrouse Double banded sandgrouse Burchell s sandgrouse White faced duck Egyptian goose Yellow billed duck Red billed teal Cape shoveler Southern pochard Knob billed duck Spur winged goose Oceania edit Australia edit In Australia game includes Deer and sambar Duck Magpie geese Dingo European rabbit Feral cat Red fox Wild pig Wild goat Kangaroo Emu Crocodile Saltwater and Freshwater Feral buffalo Banteng Scrub bull Feral camel Australian feral horse Quail Wild bull Blackbuck Feral donkey Feral dog New Zealand edit Main article Hunting in New Zealand Game in New Zealand includes Chamois Deer multiple species Pig Tahr Duck multiple speciesNorth America edit Canada and the United States edit nbsp Big game huntingSee also Upland game bird and country food In the United States and Canada white tailed deer are the most commonly hunted big game Other game species include nbsp Bobwhite quail an important North American gamebird nbsp White tailed deerReptiles and amphibians See also Alligator meat American alligator American bullfrog Common snapping turtle Rattlesnake Birds predator Crow Cowbird Raven Birds upland game birds Dove Chukar partridge Grouse Gray partridge Ring necked pheasant Ptarmigan Quail Turkey Birds waterfowl Duck Goose Birds shorebirds Wilson s snipe Woodcock Ungulates American bison Bighorn sheep Dall sheep White tailed deer Mule deer Elk Moose Mountain goat Muskox Pronghorn Caribou Feral hogs Carnivores American black bear Bobcat Coyote Fox Grizzly bear Cougar Raccoon Rodents Beaver Muskrat Nutria Squirrel Misc mammals Hare Rabbit Opossum Asia edit People s Republic of China edit In the PRC there is a special cuisine category called ye wei which includes animals in the wild Russia edit See also Hunting in Russia nbsp The Hunters at Rest by Vasily Perov 1871Anser Beaver Black grouse Brown bear Common quail Deer Duck European hare Fox Ground squirrel Goose Hazel grouse Eurasian lynx Mountain hare Perdix Pheasant Rabbit Raven Siberian ibex Squirrel Wild boar Woodcock Europe edit United Kingdom edit nbsp Game birds at Borough Market in LondonIn the UK game is defined in law by the Game Act 1831 It is illegal to shoot game on Sundays or at night Other non game birds that are hunted for food in the UK are specified under the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 UK law defines game as including Black grouse No longer hunted due to decline in numbers Red grouse Brown hare Rock ptarmigan Grey and red legged partridges Common pheasantDeer are not included in the definition but similar controls provided to those in the Game Act apply to deer from the Deer Act 1991 Deer hunted in the UK are Red deer Roe deer Fallow deer Sika deer Muntjac deer Chinese water deer and hybrids of these deerOther animals which are hunted in the UK include Duck including mallard tufted duck teal northern pintail and common pochard Goose including greylag goose Canada goose and pink footed goose Wood pigeon Cuckoo Eurasian woodcock Common snipe Rabbit Eurasian golden plover CorncrakeCapercaillie are not currently hunted in the UK because of a recent decline in numbers and conservation projects towards their recovery The ban is generally considered voluntary on private lands and few birds live away from RSPB or Forestry Commission land allegedly See also Hunting and shooting in the United Kingdom Iceland edit In Iceland game includes Reindeer Rock ptarmigan a popular Christmas dish in Iceland Puffin Auk Goose MallardNordic countries edit nbsp Roe deerGame in Norway Sweden Denmark and Finland includes Moose Alces alces Moose hunting season in October is close to a national pastime Fallow deer Red deer Roe deer Mountain hare Boar in Denmark and southern Sweden Once hunted to extinction boars were re introduced in the late 20th century and are now considered a pest by farmers but an asset by hunters Rock ptarmigan Willow ptarmigan Mallard Auk in Norway Black grouse Woodcock Common pheasant Common wood pigeon Goose Poland edit In Poland legal game includes 3 Big game Moose Red deer Sika deer Fallow deer Roe deer Wild boar European mouflon Small game Fox Common raccoon dog Badger European pine marten Beech marten American mink Polecat American raccoon Muskrat European hare European rabbit Hazel grouse Common pheasant Grey partridge Greylag goose Bean goose Greater white fronted goose Mallard Eurasian teal Common pochard Tufted duck Common wood pigeon Eurasian woodcock Eurasian cootPreparation editThis section needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources in this section Unsourced material may be challenged and removed July 2007 Learn how and when to remove this template message nbsp A kitchen interior with a maid and a lady preparing game c 1600Game meat is typically taken from a wild animal that has been shot with a gun or bow Hunters must be absolutely certain of their target before shooting and should make every effort to get the animal down as quickly and painlessly as possible Once obtained game meat must be processed to avoid spoiling The method of processing varies by game species and size Small game and fowl may simply be carried home to be butchered Large game such as deer is quickly field dressed by removing the viscera in the field while very large animals like moose may be partially butchered in the field because of the difficulty of removing them intact from their habitat Commercial processors often handle deer taken during deer seasons sometimes even at supermarket meat counters Otherwise the hunter handles butchering The carcass is kept cool to minimize spoilage Traditionally game meat was hung until high or gamey that is approaching a state of decomposition 4 However this adds to the risk of contamination Small game can be processed essentially intact after gutting and skinning or defeathering by species Small animals are ready for cooking although they may be disjointed first Large game must be processed by techniques commonly practiced by commercial butchers Cooking edit nbsp Wikibooks Cookbook has a recipe module on Game Generally game is cooked in the same ways as farmed meat 5 Because some game meat is leaner than store bought beef overcooking is a common mishap which can be avoided if properly prepared 6 7 It is sometimes grilled or cooked longer or by slow cooking or moist heat methods to make it more tender since some game tends to be tougher than farm raised meat Other methods of tenderizing include marinating as in the dish Hasenpfeffer cooking in a game pie or as a stew such as burgoo Safety editThe Norwegian Food Safety Authority considers that children pregnant women fertile aged women and people with high blood pressure should not consume game shot with lead based ammunition more than once a month Children who often eat such game might develop a slightly lower IQ as lead influences the development of the central nervous system 8 See also edit nbsp Food portalAnimal trapping Big game hunting British Association for Shooting and Conservation Bushfood Bushmeat Endangered species Fishing Game fish Game amp Wildlife Conservation Trust Game drive system Hunter gatherer Hunting horn Hunting and shooting in the United Kingdom Hunting Legislation on hunting with dogs Ornithology Overfishing Persistence hunting Taxidermy the preserving of an animal s body for the purpose of display or study Waterfowl hunting Wildlife YeweiReferences edit Game Definition Wild Animals amp Preparation Britannica www britannica com Retrieved 2023 09 14 The Game Act Archived 2004 06 18 at the Wayback Machine Swaziland Legislation Rozporzadzenie Ministra Srodowiska z dnia 11 marca 2005 r w sprawie ustalenia listy gatunkow zwierzat lownych Regulation of the Minister of Environment of 11 March 2005 regarding specifying list of game species Regulation of 11 March 2005 PDF in Polish 2005 03 22 Retrieved 2022 07 27 via Sejm isap sejm gov pl Oxford English Dictionary 3rd edition s v high adj A II 12d gamey 1a Game to Eat 2007 05 02 About Game Meat 2007 05 19 Archived from the original on 2007 05 19 Retrieved 2011 10 17 Venison Direct to Your Door Highland Game Mattilsynet Barn kan fa lavere IQ av storvilt in Norwegian NRK no 29 August 2013 Retrieved August 30 2013 External links edit nbsp Media related to Game hunting at Wikimedia Commons Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Game hunting amp oldid 1206111456, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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