fbpx
Wikipedia

Partridge

February 16, 2024

For other uses, see Partridge (disambiguation).
"Heathcock" redirects here. For other uses, see Heathcock (disambiguation).

A partridge is a medium-sized galliform bird in any of several genera, with a wide native distribution throughout parts of Europe, Asia and Africa. Several species have been introduced to the Americas. They are sometimes grouped in the Perdicinae subfamily of the Phasianidae (pheasants, quail, etc.). However, molecular research suggests that partridges are not a distinct taxon within the family Phasianidae, but that some species are closer to the pheasants, while others are closer to the junglefowl.[1]

Birds of Persia luchas, called būqalamūn (بوقلمون turkey in Persian), and partridges
The so-called "Vučedol dove", one of the most well-known emblems of the prehistorical Vučedol culture, is now interpreted as representing a male partridge as a symbol of fertility

Description edit

Partridges are medium-sized game birds, generally intermediate in size between the larger pheasants, smaller quail; they're ground-dwelling birds that feature variable plumage colouration across species, with most tending to grey and brown.

Range and habitat edit

Partridges are native to Europe, Asia, Africa, and the Middle East. Some species are found nesting on steppes or agricultural land, while other species prefer more forested areas. They nest on the ground and have a diet consisting of seeds and insects.

Hunting edit

Species such as the grey partridge and the red-legged partridge are popular as game birds, and are often reared in captivity and released for the purpose of hunting. For the same reason, they have been introduced into large areas of North America.

 
Red-legged partridge.
 
Chestnut-bellied partridge.
 
Scaly-breasted partridge.
 
Grey partridge.

Cultural references edit

According to Greek legend, the first partridge appeared when Daedalus threw his apprentice, Talos, off the sacred hill of Athena in a fit of jealous rage. Supposedly mindful of his fall, the bird does not build its nest in the trees, nor take lofty flights and avoids high places.[2]

As described by medieval scholar Madeleine Pelner Cosman, medical practitioners in the Middle Ages recommended partridge as a food of love: They suggested that "Partridge was superior in arousing dulled passions and increasing the powers of engendering. Gentle to the human stomach, partridge stimulated bodily fluids, raised the spirits, and firmed the muscles."[3]

Probably the most famous reference to the partridge is in the Christmas carol, "The Twelve Days of Christmas".[4] The first gift listed is "a partridge in a pear tree", and these words end each verse. Since partridges are unlikely to be seen in pear trees (they are ground-nesting birds)[5] it has been suggested that the text "a pear tree" is a corruption of the French "une perdrix" (a partridge).[6]

The partridge has also been used as a symbol that represents Kurdish nationalism. It is called Kew. Sherko Kurmanj discusses the paradox of symbols in Iraq as an attempt to make a distinction between the Kurds and the Arabs. He says that while Iraqis generally regards the palm tree, falcon, and sword as their national symbols, the Kurds consider the oak, partridge, and dagger as theirs.[7]

Species list in taxonomic order edit

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ Kimball, R. T.; Braun, E. L.; Zwartjes, P. W.; Crowe, T. M.; Ligon, J. D. (1999). "Molecular phylogenetics and evolution: A molecular phylogeny of the pheasants and partridges". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 11 (1): 38–54. doi:10.1006/mpev.1998.0562. PMID 10082609.
  2. ^ Holmes, Richard (2013). Falling Upwards: How We Took to the Air. HarperCollins. p. 1760. ISBN 9780007467259. Retrieved 16 April 2013.
  3. ^ Cosman, Madeleine Pelner (1 July 1983). "A Feast for Aesculapius: Historical Diets for Asthma and Sexual Pleasure". Annual Review of Nutrition. 3 (1): 1–34. doi:10.1146/annurev.nu.03.070183.000245. ISSN 0199-9885. PMID 6357233. Retrieved 24 December 2021.
  4. ^ The Associated Press (November 26, 2012). "'12 days of Christmas' cost: How much is a partridge in a pear tree?". The Christian Science Monitor. Retrieved 8 May 2014.
  5. ^ "Do partridges occur in pear trees?". All About Birds. 20 December 2009. Retrieved 24 December 2021.
  6. ^ Lawson-Jones, Mark (2011). Why Was the Partridge in the Pear Tree?. The History Press. p. 55. ISBN 9780752477503.
  7. ^ Kurmanj, Sherko (2014). "The Roots of Modern Kurdish Nationalism". In Bengio, Ofra (ed.). Kurdish Awakening: Nation Building in a Fragmented Homeland. University of Texas Press. p. 96. ISBN 978-0-292-75813-1.

External links edit

 
Look up partridge in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Phasianidae.
  • Videos, photos and sounds - Internet Bird Collection

February 16, 2024
partridge, other, uses, disambiguation, heathcock, redirects, here, other, uses, heathcock, disambiguation, partridge, medium, sized, galliform, bird, several, genera, with, wide, native, distribution, throughout, parts, europe, asia, africa, several, species,. For other uses see Partridge disambiguation Heathcock redirects here For other uses see Heathcock disambiguation A partridge is a medium sized galliform bird in any of several genera with a wide native distribution throughout parts of Europe Asia and Africa Several species have been introduced to the Americas They are sometimes grouped in the Perdicinae subfamily of the Phasianidae pheasants quail etc However molecular research suggests that partridges are not a distinct taxon within the family Phasianidae but that some species are closer to the pheasants while others are closer to the junglefowl 1 PartridgeCrested wood partridge Rollulus rouloul Scientific classificationKingdom AnimaliaPhylum ChordataClass AvesOrder GalliformesFamily PhasianidaeHorsfield 1821Subfamily Perdicinae former Rollulinae Phasianinae and Pavoninae current GenusAlectorisAmmoperdixArborophilaBambusicolaHaematortyxLerwaMargaroperdixMelanoperdixPerdixRhizotheraRollulusTetraophasisXenoperdix Birds of Persia luchas called buqalamun بوقلمون turkey in Persian and partridgesThe so called Vucedol dove one of the most well known emblems of the prehistorical Vucedol culture is now interpreted as representing a male partridge as a symbol of fertilityContents 1 Description 2 Range and habitat 3 Hunting 4 Cultural references 5 Species list in taxonomic order 6 See also 7 References 8 External linksDescription editPartridges are medium sized game birds generally intermediate in size between the larger pheasants smaller quail they re ground dwelling birds that feature variable plumage colouration across species with most tending to grey and brown Range and habitat editPartridges are native to Europe Asia Africa and the Middle East Some species are found nesting on steppes or agricultural land while other species prefer more forested areas They nest on the ground and have a diet consisting of seeds and insects Hunting editSpecies such as the grey partridge and the red legged partridge are popular as game birds and are often reared in captivity and released for the purpose of hunting For the same reason they have been introduced into large areas of North America nbsp Red legged partridge nbsp Chestnut bellied partridge nbsp Scaly breasted partridge nbsp Grey partridge Cultural references editAccording to Greek legend the first partridge appeared when Daedalus threw his apprentice Talos off the sacred hill of Athena in a fit of jealous rage Supposedly mindful of his fall the bird does not build its nest in the trees nor take lofty flights and avoids high places 2 As described by medieval scholar Madeleine Pelner Cosman medical practitioners in the Middle Ages recommended partridge as a food of love They suggested that Partridge was superior in arousing dulled passions and increasing the powers of engendering Gentle to the human stomach partridge stimulated bodily fluids raised the spirits and firmed the muscles 3 Probably the most famous reference to the partridge is in the Christmas carol The Twelve Days of Christmas 4 The first gift listed is a partridge in a pear tree and these words end each verse Since partridges are unlikely to be seen in pear trees they are ground nesting birds 5 it has been suggested that the text a pear tree is a corruption of the French une perdrix a partridge 6 The partridge has also been used as a symbol that represents Kurdish nationalism It is called Kew Sherko Kurmanj discusses the paradox of symbols in Iraq as an attempt to make a distinction between the Kurds and the Arabs He says that while Iraqis generally regards the palm tree falcon and sword as their national symbols the Kurds consider the oak partridge and dagger as theirs 7 Species list in taxonomic order editGenus Lerwa Snow partridge Lerwa lerwa Genus Tetraophasis Verreaux s monal partridge Tetraophasis obscurus Szechenyi s monal partridge Tetraophasis szechenyii Genus Alectoris Arabian partridge Alectoris melanocephala Przevalski s partridge Alectoris magna Rock partridge Alectoris graeca Chukar Alectoris chukar Philby s partridge Alectoris philbyi Barbary partridge Alectoris barbara Red legged partridge Alectoris rufa Genus Ammoperdix See see partridge Ammoperdix griseogularis Sand partridge Ammoperdix heyi Genus Perdix Grey partridge Perdix perdix Daurian partridge Perdix dauurica Tibetan partridge Perdix hodgsoniae Genus Rhizothera Long billed partridge Rhizothera longirostris Dulit partridge Rhizothera dulitensis Genus Margaroperdix Madagascar partridge Margaroperdix madagascarensis Genus Melanoperdix Black wood partridge Melanoperdix nigra Genus Xenoperdix Rubeho forest partridge Xenoperdix obscuratus Udzungwa forest partridge Xenoperdix udzungwensis Genus Arborophila the hill partridges Hill partridge Arborophila torqueola Sichuan partridge Arborophila rufipectus Chestnut breasted partridge Arborophila mandellii White necklaced partridge Arborophila gingica Rufous throated partridge Arborophila rufogularis White cheeked partridge Arborophila atrogularis Taiwan partridge Arborophila crudigularis Hainan partridge Arborophila ardens Chestnut bellied partridge Arborophila javanica Grey breasted partridge Arborophila orientalis Bar backed partridge Arborophila brunneopectus Orange necked partridge Arborophila davidi Chestnut headed partridge Arborophila cambodiana Red breasted partridge Arborophila hyperythra Red billed partridge Arborophila rubrirostris Sumatran partridge Arborophila sumatrana Genus Tropicoperdix Scaly breasted partridge Tropicoperdix chloropus Chestnut necklaced partridge Tropicoperdix charltonii Genus Caloperdix Ferruginous partridge Caloperdix oculea Genus Haematortyx Crimson headed partridge Haematortyx sanguiniceps Genus Rollulus Crested partridge Rollulus roulroul Genus Bambusicola Mountain bamboo partridge Bambusicola fytchii Chinese bamboo partridge Bambusicola thoracicaSee also editDick Potts English ecologist and specialist in the grey partridge References edit Kimball R T Braun E L Zwartjes P W Crowe T M Ligon J D 1999 Molecular phylogenetics and evolution A molecular phylogeny of the pheasants and partridges Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 11 1 38 54 doi 10 1006 mpev 1998 0562 PMID 10082609 Holmes Richard 2013 Falling Upwards How We Took to the Air HarperCollins p 1760 ISBN 9780007467259 Retrieved 16 April 2013 Cosman Madeleine Pelner 1 July 1983 A Feast for Aesculapius Historical Diets for Asthma and Sexual Pleasure Annual Review of Nutrition 3 1 1 34 doi 10 1146 annurev nu 03 070183 000245 ISSN 0199 9885 PMID 6357233 Retrieved 24 December 2021 The Associated Press November 26 2012 12 days of Christmas cost How much is a partridge in a pear tree The Christian Science Monitor Retrieved 8 May 2014 Do partridges occur in pear trees All About Birds 20 December 2009 Retrieved 24 December 2021 Lawson Jones Mark 2011 Why Was the Partridge in the Pear Tree The History Press p 55 ISBN 9780752477503 Kurmanj Sherko 2014 The Roots of Modern Kurdish Nationalism In Bengio Ofra ed Kurdish Awakening Nation Building in a Fragmented Homeland University of Texas Press p 96 ISBN 978 0 292 75813 1 External links edit nbsp Look up partridge in Wiktionary the free dictionary nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Phasianidae Videos photos and sounds Internet Bird Collection Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Partridge amp oldid 1207576722, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

article

, read, download, free, free download, mp3, video, mp4, 3gp, jpg, jpeg, gif, png, picture, music, song, movie, book, game, games.