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Pheasant

February 15, 2024

This article is about the animal. For other uses, see Pheasant (disambiguation).
Not to be confused with Peasant.

Pheasants (/ˈfɛzənt/ FEH-zənt) are birds of several genera within the family Phasianidae in the order Galliformes. Although they can be found all over the world in introduced (and captive) populations, the pheasant genera native range is restricted to Eurasia. The classification "pheasant" is paraphyletic, as birds referred to as pheasants are included within both the subfamilies Phasianinae and Pavoninae, and in many cases are more closely related to smaller phasianids, grouse, and turkey (formerly classified in Perdicinae, Tetraoninae, and Meleagridinae) than to other pheasants.[1]

Pheasant fowling, "Showing how to catch pheasants", facsimile of a miniature in the manuscript of the "Livre du Roy Modus" (fourteenth century).
Cheer pheasant pair in Himalaya, India

Pheasants are characterised by strong sexual dimorphism, males being highly decorated with bright colours and adornments such as wattles. Males are usually larger than females and have longer tails. Males play no part in rearing the young.

A pheasant's call or cry can be recognised by the fact it sounds like a rusty sink or valve being turned.

Pheasants eat mostly seeds, grains, roots, and berries, while in the summer they take advantage of insects, fresh green shoots, spiders, earthworms, and snails. However, as an introduced species, in the UK they are a threat to endangered native adders.[2][dubious – discuss]

The best-known is the common pheasant, which is widespread throughout the world, in introduced feral populations and in farm operations. Various other pheasant species are popular in aviaries, such as the golden pheasant (Chrysolophus pictus).

Etymology edit

According to the Oxford English Dictionary, the word "pheasant" ultimately comes from Phasis, the ancient name of what is now called the Rioni River in Georgia. It passed from Greek to Latin to French (spelled with an initial "f") then to English, appearing for the first time in English around 1299.[3]

Species in taxonomic order edit

This list is ordered to show presumed relationships between species.

Previous classifications edit

Euplocamus and Gennceus are older names more or less corresponding to the current Lophura.

These old genera were used for:

Vernacular Hume & Marshall Finn: Sporting Birds Finn: Game Birds Contemporary
Vieillot's crested fireback E. vielloti Lophura rufa (sic) L. ignita rufa
Black-backed kalij E. melanonotus G. melanonotus L. leucomelanos melanota
Common or white-crested kalij E. albocristatus G. albocristatus L. leucomelanos hamiltoni
Nepal kalij E. leucomelanus G. leucomelanus L. leucomelanos leucomelanos
Purple, Horsfield's or black-breasted kalij E. horsfieldi G. horsfieldi L. leucomelanos lathami
Lineated kalij E. lineatus G. lineatus also: Burmese silver pheasant L. leucomelanos lineata
Anderson's silver pheasant ? G. andersoni, considered hybrid of L. nycthemera and L. l. lineata L. nycthemera andersoni (invalid)
Crawfurd's silver pheasant (or Crawford's? ) E. andersoni considered a further cross of Anderson's and L. l. lineata ?
Crawfurd's kalij (same as C.'s silver pheasant?) ? G. andersoni L. leucomelanos crawfurdi
Cuvier's kalij ? G. cuvieri ?
Oates's kalij ? G. oatesi L. leucomelanos oatesi
Whitehead's silver pheasant ? G. whiteheadi ?
Swinhoe's kalij ? G. swinhoii L. swinhoii

References edit

  1. ^ Kimball, Rebecca T.; Hosner, Peter A.; Braun, Edward L. (2021-05-01). "A phylogenomic supermatrix of Galliformes (Landfowl) reveals biased branch lengths". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 158: 107091. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2021.107091. ISSN 1055-7903. PMID 33545275. S2CID 231963063.
  2. ^ Nicolas Milton (1 Oct 2020). "Game birds 'could wipe out adders in most of Britain within 12 years'". Guardian newspapers.
  3. ^ "pheasant". Oxford English Dictionary (Online ed.). Oxford University Press. (Subscription or participating institution membership required.)

Bibliography edit

External links edit

  • Videos of pheasants in the Internet Bird Collection

February 15, 2024
pheasant, this, article, about, animal, other, uses, disambiguation, confused, with, peasant, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, adding, citations, reliable, sources, unsourced, material, challenged. This article is about the animal For other uses see Pheasant disambiguation Not to be confused with Peasant This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Pheasant news newspapers books scholar JSTOR August 2020 Learn how and when to remove this template message Pheasants ˈ f ɛ z e n t FEH zent are birds of several genera within the family Phasianidae in the order Galliformes Although they can be found all over the world in introduced and captive populations the pheasant genera native range is restricted to Eurasia The classification pheasant is paraphyletic as birds referred to as pheasants are included within both the subfamilies Phasianinae and Pavoninae and in many cases are more closely related to smaller phasianids grouse and turkey formerly classified in Perdicinae Tetraoninae and Meleagridinae than to other pheasants 1 PheasantMongolian ringneck typecommon pheasant MaleScientific classificationDomain EukaryotaKingdom AnimaliaPhylum ChordataClass AvesOrder GalliformesSuperfamily PhasianoideaFamily PhasianidaeGroups includedArgusianus Catreus Chrysolophus Crossoptilon Ithaginis Lophura Phasianus Polyplectron Pucrasia Rheinardia SyrmaticusCladistically included but traditionally excluded taxaRollulinae Lerwini Lophophorini Tetraonini Rhizotherini Perdix Coturnicini Gallini Pavonina Galloperdix Haematortyx TropicoperdixPheasant fowling Showing how to catch pheasants facsimile of a miniature in the manuscript of the Livre du Roy Modus fourteenth century Cheer pheasant pair in Himalaya IndiaPheasants are characterised by strong sexual dimorphism males being highly decorated with bright colours and adornments such as wattles Males are usually larger than females and have longer tails Males play no part in rearing the young A pheasant s call or cry can be recognised by the fact it sounds like a rusty sink or valve being turned Pheasants eat mostly seeds grains roots and berries while in the summer they take advantage of insects fresh green shoots spiders earthworms and snails However as an introduced species in the UK they are a threat to endangered native adders 2 dubious discuss The best known is the common pheasant which is widespread throughout the world in introduced feral populations and in farm operations Various other pheasant species are popular in aviaries such as the golden pheasant Chrysolophus pictus Contents 1 Etymology 2 Species in taxonomic order 2 1 Previous classifications 3 References 4 Bibliography 5 External linksEtymology editAccording to the Oxford English Dictionary the word pheasant ultimately comes from Phasis the ancient name of what is now called the Rioni River in Georgia It passed from Greek to Latin to French spelled with an initial f then to English appearing for the first time in English around 1299 3 Species in taxonomic order editThis list is ordered to show presumed relationships between species Subfamily Phasianinae Tribe Ithaginini Blood pheasant genus Ithaginis Blood pheasant I cruentus Tribe Pucrasiini Koklass genus Pucrasia Koklass pheasant P macrolopha Tribe Phasianini Long tailed pheasants genus Syrmaticus Reeves s pheasant S reevesi Elliot s pheasant S ellioti Mrs Hume s pheasant S humiae Mikado pheasant S mikado Copper pheasant S soemmerringi Ruffed pheasants genus Chrysolophus Golden pheasant C pictus Lady Amherst s pheasant C amherstiae Typical pheasants genus Phasianus Green pheasant P versicolor Common pheasant P colchicus Caucasus pheasants Phasianus colchicus colchicus group White winged pheasants Phasianus colchicus chrysomelas principalis group Prince of Wales pheasant Phasianus colchicus principalis Mongolian ring necked pheasants or white winged ring necked pheasants Phasianus colchicus mongolicus group Tarim pheasants Phasianus colchicus tarimensis group Chinese ring necked pheasants Phasianus colchicus torquatus group Taiwan pheasant Phasianus colchicus formosanus Cheer pheasant genus Catreus Cheer pheasant C wallichi Gallopheasants genus Lophura Kalij pheasant L leucomelanos White crested kalij pheasant L l hamiltoni Nepal kalij pheasant L l leucomelanos Black backed kalij pheasant L l melanota Black kalij pheasant L l moffitti Black breasted kalij pheasant L l lathami William s kalij pheasant L l williamsi Oates kalij pheasant L l oatesi Crawfurd s kalij pheasant L l crawfurdi Lineated kalij pheasant L l lineata Silver pheasant L nycthemera Imperial pheasant L imperialis Edwards s pheasant L edwardsi Vietnamese pheasant L hatinhensis Swinhoe s pheasant L swinhoii Salvadori s pheasant L inornata Hoogerwerf s pheasant L i hoogerwerfi Malayan crestless fireback L erythrophthalma Bornean crestless fireback L pyronota Bornean crested fireback L ignita Lesser Bornean crested fireback L i ignita Greater Bornean crested fireback L i nobilis Malayan crested fireback L rufa Siamese fireback L diardi Bulwer s pheasant L bulweri Eared pheasants genus Crossoptilon White eared pheasant C crossoptilon Tibetan eared pheasant C harmani Brown eared pheasant C mantchuricum Blue eared pheasant C auritum Subfamily Pavoninae Tribe Pavonini Crested argus genus Rheinardia Vietnamese crested argus R ocellata Malayan crested argus R nigrescens Great argus genus Argusianus Great argus A argus Tribe Polyprectronini Peacock pheasants genus Polyplectron Bronze tailed peacock pheasant P chalcurum Mountain peacock pheasant P inopinatum Germain s peacock pheasant P germaini Grey peacock pheasant P bicalcaratum Hainan peacock pheasant Polyplectron katsumatae Malayan peacock pheasant P malacense Bornean peacock pheasant P schleiermacheri Palawan peacock pheasant P emphanum Previous classifications edit Euplocamus and Gennceus are older names more or less corresponding to the current Lophura Euplocamus was used for example by Hume and Marshall in their Game Birds of India Burmah and Ceylon 1879 1881 Gennceus was used for example by Frank Finn in Indian Sporting Birds 1915 and Game Birds of India and Asia 1911 These old genera were used for Vernacular Hume amp Marshall Finn Sporting Birds Finn Game Birds ContemporaryVieillot s crested fireback E vielloti Lophura rufa sic L ignita rufaBlack backed kalij E melanonotus G melanonotus L leucomelanos melanotaCommon or white crested kalij E albocristatus G albocristatus L leucomelanos hamiltoniNepal kalij E leucomelanus G leucomelanus L leucomelanos leucomelanosPurple Horsfield s or black breasted kalij E horsfieldi G horsfieldi L leucomelanos lathamiLineated kalij E lineatus G lineatus also Burmese silver pheasant L leucomelanos lineataAnderson s silver pheasant G andersoni considered hybrid of L nycthemera and L l lineata L nycthemera andersoni invalid Crawfurd s silver pheasant or Crawford s E andersoni considered a further cross of Anderson s and L l lineata Crawfurd s kalij same as C s silver pheasant G andersoni L leucomelanos crawfurdiCuvier s kalij G cuvieri Oates s kalij G oatesi L leucomelanos oatesiWhitehead s silver pheasant G whiteheadi Swinhoe s kalij G swinhoii L swinhoiiReferences edit Kimball Rebecca T Hosner Peter A Braun Edward L 2021 05 01 A phylogenomic supermatrix of Galliformes Landfowl reveals biased branch lengths Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 158 107091 doi 10 1016 j ympev 2021 107091 ISSN 1055 7903 PMID 33545275 S2CID 231963063 Nicolas Milton 1 Oct 2020 Game birds could wipe out adders in most of Britain within 12 years Guardian newspapers pheasant Oxford English Dictionary Online ed Oxford University Press Subscription or participating institution membership required Bibliography editBeebe William 1918 22 A Monograph of the Pheasants 1st edition in 4 volumes H F Witherby London Reprint 1990 Dover Publications 4 volumes bound as 2 ISBN 0 486 26579 X and ISBN 0 486 26580 3 Republished as Pheasants Their Lives and Homes 2 vols 1926 Single volume edition New York Zoological Society 1936 Green Armytage Stephen 2002 Extraordinary Pheasants Harry N Abrams Inc New York Book ISBN 0 8109 1007 1 Madge and McGowan Pheasants Partridges and Grouse ISBN 0 7136 3966 0External links editVideos of pheasants in the Internet Bird Collection Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Pheasant amp oldid 1200537036, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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