The name fallow is derived from the deer's pale brown colour. The Latin word dāma or damma, used for roe deer, gazelles, and antelopes, lies at the root of the modern scientific name, as well as the GermanDamhirsch, Frenchdaim, Dutchdamhert, and Italiandaino. In Serbo-Croatian, the name for the fallow deer is jelen lopatar ("shovel deer"), due to the form of its antlers. The Modern Hebrew name of the fallow deer is yachmur (יחמור).
Confirmed native only to Turkey, but possibly native to the Italian Peninsula, the Balkans, and the island of Rhodes in Greece; introduced from Roman times onwards to the rest of Europe, and around the world in more recent times
Some taxonomists classify the Persian fallow deer as a subspecies (D. d. mesopotamica),[1] while others, such as the IUCN, treat it as a separate species (D. mesopotamica).[4] Based on genetic evidence, Dama is considered to be closest living relative of the extinct genus Megaloceros.[5] The circumscription of the genus is uncertain, with some authors choosing to include taxa that are otherwise placed in the genus Pseudodama, which may be ancestral to Dama.[6]
The earliest species of Dama appeared around the Pliocene-Pleistocene boundary approximately 2.6 million years ago,[7] or around the beginning of the Middle Pleistocene approximately 0.8 million years ago,[8] depending on the species included in the genus. The relationships of most Dama species to each other and to other fossil deer are controversial, with no overall consensus on their relationships, aside the close relationship of D. clactoniana with the living Dama species. The earliest Dama species lack palmate (broad and flattened) antlers, with this trait only developing in D. pelleponesica, D. clactoniana, and the two living species.[6]
Extinct species, based on van der Made et al. 2023:[6]
Dama nestii known from the Early Pleistocene of Europe, also assigned to the genus Pseudodama.[7]
Dama vallonnetensis known from the Early Pleistocene of Europe,[6] also assigned to Pseudodama.[9]
Dama farnetensis known from the Early Pleistocene of Europe,[6] also assigned to Pseudodama.[10]
Dama pelleponesica known from the early Middle Pleistocene of Greece, with similar remains referred to as Dama aff. pelleponesica known from the late Middle Pleistocene of Azokh Cave in Azerbaijan. Species not universally recognised as valid.[6]
Dama roberti known from the early Middle Pleistocene of Europe.[10]
Dama celiae known from the Middle Pleistocene of Spain[6]
Dama clactoniana, known from the late Middle Pleistocene of Europe, thought to be the ancestor of the two living species.[6]
Relationships of Dama to other deer species based on mitochondrial DNA.[11]
^ abWilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M., eds. (2005). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.
^"The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.
^Saltz, David; Rabiei, Alireza; Daujat, Julie; Baker, Karis; Noam Werner (IUCN SSC Deer SG / General Curator EAZA Deer TAG Chair, The Tisch Family Zoological Gardens (July 25, 2015). "IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Dama mesopotamica". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.
^Immel, Alexander; Drucker, Dorothée G.; Bonazzi, Marion; Jahnke, Tina K.; Münzel, Susanne C.; Schuenemann, Verena J.; Herbig, Alexander; Kind, Claus-Joachim; Krause, Johannes (2015). "Mitochondrial Genomes of Giant Deers Suggest their Late Survival in Central Europe". Scientific Reports. 5 (10853): 10853. Bibcode:2015NatSR...510853I. doi:10.1038/srep10853. PMC4459102. PMID 26052672.
^ abcdefghvan der Made, Jan; Rodríguez-Alba, Juan José; Martos, Juan Antonio; Gamarra, Jesús; Rubio-Jara, Susana; Panera, Joaquín; Yravedra, José (April 2023). "The fallow deer Dama celiae sp. nov. with two-pointed antlers from the Middle Pleistocene of Madrid, a contemporary of humans with Acheulean technology". Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences. 15 (4). doi:10.1007/s12520-023-01734-3. hdl:10261/307292. ISSN 1866-9557.
^ abCherin, Marco; Breda, Marzia; Esattore, Bruno; Hart, Vlastimil; Turek, Jiří; Porciello, Francesco; Angeli, Giovanni; Holpin, Sofia; Iurino, Dawid A. (2022-08-16). "A Pleistocene Fight Club revealed by the palaeobiological study of the Dama-like deer record from Pantalla (Italy)". Scientific Reports. 12 (1). doi:10.1038/s41598-022-18091-1. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC9381596. PMID 35974071.
^Mecozzi, Beniamino; Sardella, Raffaele; Breda, Marzia (2023-08-09). "Late Early to late Middle Pleistocene medium-sized deer from the Italian Peninsula: implications for taxonomy and biochronology". Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments. doi:10.1007/s12549-023-00583-1. ISSN 1867-1594.
^Azzarà, Beatrice; Breda, Marzia; Cirilli, Omar; Madurell-Malapeira, Joan; Ruzza, Federica; Sorbelli, Leonardo; Tancredi, Domenico; Cherin, Marco (2022). "Vigna Nuova: the first Middle Villafranchian mammal assemblage from the Valdichiana Basin, Perugia (Italy)". Bollettino della Società Paleontologica Italiana. 61 (2): 223–247. doi:10.4435/BSPI.2022.12. ISSN 0375-7633.
^ abBreda, Marzia; Lister, Adrian M. (June 2013). "Dama roberti, a new species of deer from the early Middle Pleistocene of Europe, and the origins of modern fallow deer". Quaternary Science Reviews. 69: 155–167. doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2013.01.029.
^Tsuboi, Masahito; Kopperud, Bjørn Tore; Matschiner, Michael; Grabowski, Mark; Syrowatka, Christine; Pélabon, Christophe; Hansen, Thomas F. (2024-01-29). "Antler Allometry, the Irish Elk and Gould Revisited". Evolutionary Biology. doi:10.1007/s11692-023-09624-1. ISSN 0071-3260.
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fallow, deer, common, name, species, deer, genus, dama, subfamily, cervinae, temporal, range, pleistocene, recent, preꞒ, european, fallow, deer, dama, scientific, classificationdomain, eukaryotakingdom, animaliaphylum, chordataclass, mammaliaorder, artiodactyl. Fallow deer is the common name for species of deer in the genus Dama of subfamily Cervinae 3 Fallow deerTemporal range Pleistocene Recent PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N European fallow deer D dama Scientific classificationDomain EukaryotaKingdom AnimaliaPhylum ChordataClass MammaliaOrder ArtiodactylaFamily CervidaeSubfamily CervinaeTribe CerviniGenus DamaFrisch 1775Type speciesCervus dama 1 Linnaeus 1758SpeciesDama dama Dama mesopotamicaSynonyms 2 Dactyloceros Wagner 1855Machlis KaupPalmatus Lydekker 1898Platyceros Wagner 1844Platyceros Zimmermann 1780 Contents 1 Name 2 Taxonomy and evolution 2 1 Extant species 3 ReferencesName editThe name fallow is derived from the deer s pale brown colour The Latin word dama or damma used for roe deer gazelles and antelopes lies at the root of the modern scientific name as well as the German Damhirsch French daim Dutch damhert and Italian daino In Serbo Croatian the name for the fallow deer is jelen lopatar shovel deer due to the form of its antlers The Modern Hebrew name of the fallow deer is yachmur יחמור Taxonomy and evolution editThe genus includes two extant species Extant species edit Genus Dama Frisch 1775 two species Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated populationEuropean fallow deer nbsp nbsp Dama dama Linnaeus 1758 Confirmed native only to Turkey but possibly native to the Italian Peninsula the Balkans and the island of Rhodes in Greece introduced from Roman times onwards to the rest of Europe and around the world in more recent times nbsp Size Habitat Diet LC Persian fallow deer nbsp nbsp Dama mesopotamica Brooke 1875 Iran and Israel once ranged throughout the Middle East and eastern Turkey nbsp Size Habitat Diet EN Some taxonomists classify the Persian fallow deer as a subspecies D d mesopotamica 1 while others such as the IUCN treat it as a separate species D mesopotamica 4 Based on genetic evidence Dama is considered to be closest living relative of the extinct genus Megaloceros 5 The circumscription of the genus is uncertain with some authors choosing to include taxa that are otherwise placed in the genus Pseudodama which may be ancestral to Dama 6 The earliest species of Dama appeared around the Pliocene Pleistocene boundary approximately 2 6 million years ago 7 or around the beginning of the Middle Pleistocene approximately 0 8 million years ago 8 depending on the species included in the genus The relationships of most Dama species to each other and to other fossil deer are controversial with no overall consensus on their relationships aside the close relationship of D clactoniana with the living Dama species The earliest Dama species lack palmate broad and flattened antlers with this trait only developing in D pelleponesica D clactoniana and the two living species 6 Extinct species based on van der Made et al 2023 6 Dama nestii known from the Early Pleistocene of Europe also assigned to the genus Pseudodama 7 Dama vallonnetensis known from the Early Pleistocene of Europe 6 also assigned to Pseudodama 9 Dama farnetensis known from the Early Pleistocene of Europe 6 also assigned to Pseudodama 10 Dama pelleponesica known from the early Middle Pleistocene of Greece with similar remains referred to as Dama aff pelleponesica known from the late Middle Pleistocene of Azokh Cave in Azerbaijan Species not universally recognised as valid 6 Dama roberti known from the early Middle Pleistocene of Europe 10 Dama celiae known from the Middle Pleistocene of Spain 6 Dama clactoniana known from the late Middle Pleistocene of Europe thought to be the ancestor of the two living species 6 Relationships of Dama to other deer species based on mitochondrial DNA 11 Cervidae Hydropotes water deer Capreolus roe deer Alces moose Rangifer reindeer caribou Odocoileini brocket deer mule deer white tailed deer etc Elaphodus tufted deer Muntiacus muntjacs Cervini Rucervus Schomburgk s deer and barasingha Axis chital etc Dama Fallow deer Megaloceros giganteus Irish elk Elaphurus Pere David s deer Panolia Eld s deer Rusa alfredi Visayan spotted deer Rusa marianna Philippine deer Rusa timorensis Javan rusa Rusa unicolor Sambar deer Cervus red deer elk sika deer References edit a b Wilson D E Reeder D M eds 2005 Mammal Species of the World A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference 3rd ed Johns Hopkins University Press ISBN 978 0 8018 8221 0 OCLC 62265494 Dama Global Biodiversity Information Facility Retrieved 2024 02 04 The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species IUCN Red List of Threatened Species Saltz David Rabiei Alireza Daujat Julie Baker Karis Noam Werner IUCN SSC Deer SG General Curator EAZA Deer TAG Chair The Tisch Family Zoological Gardens July 25 2015 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species Dama mesopotamica IUCN Red List of Threatened Species Immel Alexander Drucker Dorothee G Bonazzi Marion Jahnke Tina K Munzel Susanne C Schuenemann Verena J Herbig Alexander Kind Claus Joachim Krause Johannes 2015 Mitochondrial Genomes of Giant Deers Suggest their Late Survival in Central Europe Scientific Reports 5 10853 10853 Bibcode 2015NatSR 510853I doi 10 1038 srep10853 PMC 4459102 PMID 26052672 a b c d e f g h van der Made Jan Rodriguez Alba Juan Jose Martos Juan Antonio Gamarra Jesus Rubio Jara Susana Panera Joaquin Yravedra Jose April 2023 The fallow deer Dama celiae sp nov with two pointed antlers from the Middle Pleistocene of Madrid a contemporary of humans with Acheulean technology Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences 15 4 doi 10 1007 s12520 023 01734 3 hdl 10261 307292 ISSN 1866 9557 a b Cherin Marco Breda Marzia Esattore Bruno Hart Vlastimil Turek Jiri Porciello Francesco Angeli Giovanni Holpin Sofia Iurino Dawid A 2022 08 16 A Pleistocene Fight Club revealed by the palaeobiological study of the Dama like deer record from Pantalla Italy Scientific Reports 12 1 doi 10 1038 s41598 022 18091 1 ISSN 2045 2322 PMC 9381596 PMID 35974071 Mecozzi Beniamino Sardella Raffaele Breda Marzia 2023 08 09 Late Early to late Middle Pleistocene medium sized deer from the Italian Peninsula implications for taxonomy and biochronology Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments doi 10 1007 s12549 023 00583 1 ISSN 1867 1594 Azzara Beatrice Breda Marzia Cirilli Omar Madurell Malapeira Joan Ruzza Federica Sorbelli Leonardo Tancredi Domenico Cherin Marco 2022 Vigna Nuova the first Middle Villafranchian mammal assemblage from the Valdichiana Basin Perugia Italy Bollettino della Societa Paleontologica Italiana 61 2 223 247 doi 10 4435 BSPI 2022 12 ISSN 0375 7633 a b Breda Marzia Lister Adrian M June 2013 Dama roberti a new species of deer from the early Middle Pleistocene of Europe and the origins of modern fallow deer Quaternary Science Reviews 69 155 167 doi 10 1016 j quascirev 2013 01 029 Tsuboi Masahito Kopperud Bjorn Tore Matschiner Michael Grabowski Mark Syrowatka Christine Pelabon Christophe Hansen Thomas F 2024 01 29 Antler Allometry the Irish Elk and Gould Revisited Evolutionary Biology doi 10 1007 s11692 023 09624 1 ISSN 0071 3260 nbsp This article about an even toed ungulate is a stub You can help Wikipedia by expanding it vte Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Fallow deer amp oldid 1207161254, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
