fbpx
Wikipedia

Electric vehicle charging network

October 21, 2023

An electric vehicle charging network is an infrastructure system of charging stations to recharge electric vehicles. Many government, car manufacturers, and charging infrastructure providers sought to create networks. Today, charging network vendors include either proprietary solutions (ex. Tesla or ChargePoint), or hardware agnostic solutions (ex. AmpUp, EVConnect, and Shell Recharge). Hardware-agnostic vendors allow for customers to switch out their charge stations and/or switch to a different network vendors (similar to an unlocked smartphone); whereas proprietary vendors do not allow customers to switch.[1]

Several plug-in converted Toyota Priuses hybrids recharging at the public stations in front of San Francisco City Hall.

Maps Edit

The Go Electric Stations[2] was a global station navigation system. The project included free smartphone apps via Next Charge[3] and provided free data and information to users and providers regarding stations all around the world.

PlugSurfing[4] is a community based charging station locator. PlugSurfing is merging static and realtime availability charging station information and crowd sources information through mobile apps and other devices. This way PlugSurfing responds to the needs of the electric driver.

OpenChargeMap[5] is an open source database with a public API for sharing and distributing charging location information globally. Information in this system is gathered both manually and automatically from a variety of data sources. The project aims to provide globally relevant data freely to other application developers and navigation providers.

EV Charger Maps[6] was a volunteer-run effort coordinated by EV Charger News[7] that cataloged EV charging station information across the U.S.

LEMnet[8] is an internet database is operated by Park & Charge.[9] The database not only provides locations of the Park & Charge stations but also everyone is free to register their stations. It offers KMZ map files and POI collection files for navigation systems enhanced with information required for electric vehicle owners to find a public charging point in Europe.

In Spain, Alargador[10] offers an editable map of EV recharge points in which everybody who wants to share their electric outlet can do it easily. All data is downloadable freely to most common GPS navigators and mapping software. Another source is ElectroMaps[11] to find a station in Spain.

Pod Point[12] provides one of the UK's largest public charging networks with over 1,500 stations. The live charging station map[13][14] provides the address, charging rate, connector type and availability of public charging stations. In 2015, they launched the Open Charge[15] public network with smartphone-enabled charging points that are reliable and easy to use.

PlugShare[16] is a crowdsourced map of public, private and residential charging locations. The site uses Google Maps to provide a map of charging locations and their own database to filter by charging type. Public chargers, private chargers, and residential charging locations are listed. The service provides an app for iOS and Android which allows users to locate chargers near their current location. An account is needed to view private persons' charging locations, as these locations are at the homes or businesses of Plugshare members. Plugshare was acquired by EVgo in 2021. Plugshare is one of many leading sources of where charge stations exist, however plenty public and private stations are not updated in the app.

Sun Country Highway[17] includes a map of 1000 of its chargers across Canada and the US.

Naladuj[18] website is a search engine and map containing charging stations located in Poland. It allows to perform search based on a given place and/or selected categories including connector type, charging speed/power, availability, opening hours, payment/authorization requirements and voivodeship. To locate charging stations cataloged in the database, depending on the user's choice, Naladuj uses Google Maps or OpenStreetMap.

EVhype[19] provides an interactive map of electric vehicle public charging stations. It uses various sources to obtain and display charging stations the data. EVhype has a social network element. It allows users to create accounts, add comments, bookmarks and pictures.

Infrastructure providers Edit

  • AmpUp[20] is an EV charging network provider in the United States that allows station owners to manage their chargers' availability, price, and electric load. AmpUp's solutions are tailored to workplaces, fleets, utilities, and multi-unit dwellings. The company also offers a mobile app so EV drivers can find, authenticate, and pay for EV charging at AmpUp stations.[20][non-primary source needed][full citation needed]
  • Blink Charging operates a network with over 50,000 publicly available charging connectors in the US, Europe, and the UK. Also produces chargers for use in private settings.[21]
  • ChargePoint includes public charging stations, a consumer subscription plan and utility grid management technology to help electric utility companies to smooth electrical demands on the grid.[22][23] As of 2023, the ChargePoint network consisted of over 27,000 locations in the United States, plus additional chargers in other countries.[24]
  • Connected Kerb is a UK-based provider of electric vehicle charging infrastructure, founded in 2017, which aims to make EV charging affordable, sustainable and accessible for all regardless of social status, location or physical ability. In November 2021, the company announced plans to install 190,000 on-street residential charging points across the UK by 2030 to help EV users without access to home charging facilities.[25][26] The CEO is Chris Pateman-Jones.
  • Ecotricity is a UK-based energy company who offered rapid charging points at motorway service stations and other locations across the UK as of 2015. The electricity they provide is grid-matched with renewable generation. The company has partnerships with Renault–Nissan Alliance, who provided many of the rapid chargers.[27][non-primary source needed]
  • Elektromotive was a UK-based company that manufactured and installed charging infrastructure for electric cars and other electric vehicles using their patented Elektrobay stations.[28] The company has partnerships with major corporations including EDF Energy and Mercedes-Benz to supply charging posts and data services. They have since been absorbed into Chargemaster, now BP Pulse.
  • Electrify America is a DC fast charging station network based only in the United States with approximately 730 charging locations as of March 2022, the company was created by the Volkswagen Group after the United States EPA accused them of using defeat devices in its diesel-fueled vehicles.
  • EV Connect[citation needed]
  • EVgo[29] is one of America's largest EV charging networks.
  • EV Range is an EV charging network provider in the United States with high power (>180 kW) stations in CA and NV. EV Range also offers their platform to property owners to own and manage their chargers, with solutions for workplaces, fleets, utilities, and multi-unit dwellings. The company offers a mobile app so EV drivers can find, authenticate, and pay for EV charging.[30][non-primary source needed][full citation needed]
  • EVDC is a Puerto Rico-based company that aims to build its supercharger network nationwide.[31]
  • EV Trail[32] is an American charging infrastructure company. Their aim is to cut rural charging gaps in Colorado.[33]
  • FLO is a North American electric vehicle charging network operator and a smart charging solutions provider.[34] FLO operates in the United States and Canada. Their charging stations are assembled in Michigan[35] and Quebec.
  • Francis Energy is a Tulsa, Oklahoma-based EV charge point operator with plans to expand into 40 states in 2023, with plans to install 50,000 EV charging ports by 2030 in partnership with municipalities, auto dealers, Tribal Nations, and private businesses.[36]
  • FullCharger International, founded in 2009, is a French operator of charging stations for electric vehicles with multi-territorial networks. They offer local authorities and private operators complete solutions[buzzword] for electric mobility. FullCharger ChargePoint Network is the world's largest network across 23 countries. FullCharger's target is to pioneer and be the main solution provider in building and operating a multi-territorial smart network of the most advanced, secure, easy to use electric vehicle charging infrastructure, through a unique approach bringing added value to public authorities, private sector and EV drivers.[citation needed]
  • Hubsta[37][non-primary source needed] - Is a UK-based facility for EV users and claims to facilitate 'connecting to over 55,000 Charge points worldwide' and 'its never been easier to charge your EV or manage your EV charging Network'.
  • Instavolt is a Hampshire-based UK charging network which installs, operates and owns rapid EV charging stations.
  • Osprey provides EV charging across the UK. The network was founded in 2016 as Engenie Electric Vehicle Rapid Charging and in 2020 the name was replaced with Osprey Charging Network.
  • Park & Charge[9] is a European Charging infrastructure for electric vehicles. Park & Charge was founded in 1992 by members of the electric car club in Switzerland (ECS).[38] Today there is a Park & Charge at nearly 500 locations in Switzerland, Germany, Austria, the Netherlands and Italy, offering a safe and easy way for drivers of electric vehicles to charge their vehicle batteries. The locations of the charging stations in Europe will be published in LEMnet[8] internet database which is operated by Park & Charge.
  • Share&Charge is a Germany-based peer to peer network aimed at the sharing of private charging poles in order to make them accessible to everyone as well as billable. The peer to peer network comes in an App which includes a map of existing charging poles, the possibility to easily register a private charging pole as well as the handling of the payment by Share&Charge. Share&Charge Website[39]
  • Shell Recharge Solutions[citation needed]
  • SparkCharge is United States based mobile EV charging company. SparkCharge offers portable DC fast chargers, The Roadie Portable, and charging-as-a-service programs, SparkCharge Fleet and SparkCharge OOC. The company delivers Level 3, DC fast charging (DCFC), to the vehicle where it is parked regardless of grid connection capabilities.
  • Spark Plug Chargers[40] is an American EV charging company. The company offers equipment from BTC Power and Red E Charge.
  • ZEF Energy[citation needed]
  • Zest is an EV charging network operating across the UK. Backed by the UK Government's Charging Infrastructure Investment Fund, it offers a managed service for EV charging.[citation needed]

Automobile manufacturers Edit

The Renault–Nissan Alliance made agreements by 2010 to promote emission-free mobility in France, Israel, Portugal, Denmark and the U.S. state of Tennessee.[41] As of 2010, Nissan planned to install 200-volt level 2 charging stations at 2,200 Nissan dealers in Japan, and level 3 fast charging stations at 200 dealers.[42][needs update]

Tesla Motors, in March 2009, announced that they were "working with a government-affiliated partner to set up battery changing stations at various locations" to service their Model S platform cars.[43] The first Tesla Supercharger stations were unveiled 24 September 2012.[44] As of Q4 2021, Tesla reported 3,476 supercharging stations and 31,498 supercharging connectors (about 9 connectors per station on average) in 44 countries worldwide.[45][46]

Initiatives by region Edit

Europe Edit

The AVERE / European Association for Battery, Hybrid and Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles was founded in 1978 and is a member of the World Electric Vehicle Association. AVERE is also the parent organization of CITELEC / Association of European Cities interested in Electric Vehicles and Eurelectric. The European Commission has funded the "Green Cars Initiative" since November 2008.[47] In March 2011, the European Commission along with forty two partners from the industries, utilities, electric car manufacturers, municipalities, universities and technology and research institutions founded the "Green eMotion" initiative funded with €41.8 million under the Seventh Research and Development Framework Programme. The defined goal is to provide an interoperable electromobility framework to align the ongoing regional and national electromobility initiatives.[48] At the same time the partners unveiled the "Transport 2050" plan which includes the aim to half the number of conventionally fuelled cars in cities by 2030 and phase them out by 2050.[49]

In the second position paper (March 2011) of the European Automobile Manufacturers Association it is recommended to equip public charging stations with IEC 62196 Type 2 Mode 3 connectors with transitional solutions to be allowed up to 2017.[50] Nevertheless, multiple socket types (IEC 60309-2 Mode 2 types, IEC 62196 Mode 3 types, Chademo and standard home socket outlets Mode 2) have been deployed already. Politics have called for single European-wide standard and in case of a market failure the EU will define the infrastructure side requirements by law in 2013.[51] As expected from lobbying[52] the European Commission has proposed in January 2013 to only use the Type 2 connector type as the single standard to end prior uncertainty about the charging station equipment in Europe.[53] Common standards for electric charging points across Europe must be designed and implemented by December 2015.[54]

Czech Republic Edit

Status Region Provider Number Connector FastCharge Started Updated Comment
1 Functional Prague ČEZ Group 25 230 V/16 A Type E 400 V/32 A Type 2 2011 2013
1 Functional (other) ČEZ Group 9 230 V/16 A Type E 400 V/32 A Type 2 2011 2013

Power supplier ČEZ has announced to have 50 recharging stations to be ready by the end of 2011.[55] By June 2012 the company had 14 public and 6 private charging stations installed with more to come in Mlada Boleslav at the Skoda facilities.[56] These charging stations use a combination of 230 V mains connector (Type E) at 16 A and a 400 V three-phase Mennekes connector (Type 2) at 16 A or 32 A.[57]

Denmark / Norway Edit

Status Region Provider Number Connector FastCharge Started Updated Comment
1 Functional Denmark Clever 500+ Type 2 socket CHAdeMO, CCS and AC type2 plug 2012 2015 The largest rapid charge network in Denmark, often located near shopping areas.
1 Functional Denmark E.on 700 Type2 socket CHAdeMO, CCS and AC 2013 2015 14(7 locations in both directions) RapidChargers located at freeway stops, rest is 11 kW AC
2 Offline Copenhagen BetterPlace 700 ? 2012 2013 plus 8 fast charge stations and 18 switch stations
3 Planned Oslo, Copenhangen Move About 50+ 2013 Think

There are 2 major charge point operators in Denmark, E.on are operating mostly fast chargers, only installing rapids at freeways, while Clever is installing both fast and rapids in city centers.

Both E.on and Clever is taking part in installing rapid chargers at freeway lay-bys, with Clever installing 4 of them and E.on a total of 20 at 10 different locations.[58]

Besides E.on and Clever, local energy companies are installing free-to-use charge points, often only consisting of a CEE plug, so the users have to bring their own EVSE box.[59]

Infrastructure was planned by Better Place and has been installed by Coulomb Technologies for Copenhagen. Denmark has enacted policies that create a tax differential between zero-emission vehicles and traditional cars[60] to accelerate the transition to electric cars. Better Place had announced the network to be complete in December 2012, however the stations and chargers have been switched off due to the bankruptcy of Better Place Danmark A/S in June 2013.[61][62] By April 2013 the network had consisted of 700 public charging spots, 18 battery switch stations and 8 fast charger stations.[63]

In 2013 E.on bought the charge points from Better Place and restarted the network, without the battery swap system.[64]

Norway has a tradition in building electric vehicles based on the Think Car. It is popular in Southern Norway (Oslo), Southern Sweden (Gothenburg) and Eastern Denmark (Copenhagen). The concept of the "Move About"[65] project will provide 60 new Think cars in a test including charging stations in 50 towns in the area until 2013.[66] The MoveAbout concept is actually derived from a car sharing system where cars are not offered for purchase but for leasing.

Estonia Edit

Estonia became the first country to complete the deployment of a nationwide electric car charging network, and as of December 2013, is the only country with such geographical coverage.[67][68] The Estonian network has the highest concentration of DC chargers in Europe.[69]

Status Region Provider Number Connector FastCharge Started Updated Comment
1 Functional Nationwide G4S 700 CHAdeMO and Type2 AC outlet 200 2012 2013-02-22 coop Mitsubishi, ABB

The Estonian government and Kredex launched the charging station network project in 2011 in cooperation with ABB, funded partially by the Mitsubishi Corporation.[70][71] The nationwide electric car charging network officially opened with 165 fast chargers on 20 February 2013. These chargers were installed in all urban settlements with more than 5,000 inhabitants. In addition, chargers are installed on the all major roads at intervals of no more than 60 kilometres (37 mi). That makes it possible to reach every point within the country without a supply interruption.[72][73] All of the Terra 51 CHAdeMO-type DC chargers are fast-charging, only needing between 15 and 30 minutes to fully charge a car's battery.[69]

France Edit

Status Region Provider Number Connector FastCharge Started Updated Comment
1 Functional Paris Paris 101 mains (230 V, 16 A) (Marechal) 2010 free of charge
1 Functional Strasbourg 135 Type 3a (230 V, 16 A) - 2010 Toyota Prius test drive
2 Under Construction Ile de France 300 Type 3 2011 Renault–Nissan test drive
2 Under Construction Western France Vinci Autoroutes 738 ? ? 2012 coop. Renault
2 Under Construction Paris-Yvelines 200 Type 3 CHAdeMO 2011
3 Planned Monaco 300 3x 2011
4 Proposed France EDF 400,000 ? 2015 2010

In France, Électricité de France (EDF) and Toyota are installing recharging points for PHEVs on roads, streets and parking lots.[74]

The Renault–Nissan Alliance and the largest French electric utility, Electricite de France (EDF) have signed an agreement to promote emission-free mobility in France. The move aims at offering all-electric volume vehicles from 2011 — including a countrywide network of battery charging stations.[41] The partner Vinci Autoroutes has announced to rebuild 738 car parks along motorways with at least 5 parking lots for charging electric vehicles – construction will start at the end of 2011 and the full extent will be reached in 2013.[75]

The Environment Ministry of France, led by Jean-Louis Borloo has announced the goal to install 400,000 charging points in France by 2015.[76][77] Jean-Louis Borloo has assigned 1.5 billion Euros in 2009 to support research and preparations for the first part of the electric vehicle network with 75,000 charging stations.[76][78]

Meanwhile, the pilot project in Paris has started with the introduction of 100 Z.E. cars. The map of charging stations can be downloaded from the city website.[79] There are 101 locations with 178 charging points across the town and its suburbs (May 2010). The charging points have either Schuko-like sockets (Type E / 2P+T) or a Marechal plug on spiral cord where both variants are rated at 230 V/16 A (mains).

Schneider Electric supports test drives in France with its charging stations that include a Type 3 (EV Plug Alliance) connector. In Strasbourg 100 Toyota Prius were tested with 135 recharging spots beginning Q1 2010 (Type 3 single-phase). In the suburbs of Paris there will be 300 recharging spots to be installed in Q1 2011.[80] In the "Projet Klébér" the Strasbourg vehicle fleet may use the charging stations of EnBW in Mannheim, Karlsruhe, Stuttgart and vice versa.[81] In Yvelines near Paris the fleet test SAVE (Seine Aval Véhicule Électrique) was started in April 2011 – until September 2011 a number of 200 charging stations will be built.[82]

The Monaco government has sketched a plan to run a fleet test in 2011 including 300 charging stations and 3 fast-charge stations.[66]

Italy Edit

Status Region Provider Number Connector FastCharge Started Updated Comment
1 Functional Pisa Enel 35 Type 2 Mode 3 2010 2011 Enel Drive,[83] coop. Daimler or Renault–Nissan
1 Functional Rome Enel 59 Type 2 Mode 3 2010 2011 Enel Drive,[83] coop. Daimler or Renault–Nissan
1 Functional Milan, Bologna Enel 4 Type 2 Mode 3 2010 2011 Enel Drive,[83] coop. Daimler or Renault–Nissan
1 Functional Bolzano 4 domestic - 2009 2010 E-Move[84] solar stations
1 Functional Rome, Milan, Pisa, Bologna Enel 40 (62) Type 2 Mode 3 2012 E-Mobility Italy,[85] coop. Daimler
2 Under Construction Rome, Milan, Pisa, Bologna Enel 400* Type 2 Mode 3 2008 E-Mobility Italy,[85] coop. Daimler
3 Planned Parma 300 ? ? 2011 (2012) Zero Emission City / Fiat
4 Proposed Lombardy Enel 150 ? ? 2010 coop. EDF, Endesa, Renault–Nissan (plus 120 private stations)

The Renault–Nissan group – including EDF – has enlarged its scope with partnering to the Italian utility Enel and Spanish utility Endesa in March 2010.[86] Renault–Nissan offers a broader range by providing 60 all-electric vehicles – the Kangoo Express Z.E. and the Renault Fluence Z.E – to the new pilot project "E-Moving" in Italy. The project will start to install 270 charge points in the Lombardy region (including the cities of Milan and Brescia) up to June 2010.[87] This "E-Moving" network will contain 150 public charging stations to be put up until the end of 2010.[88]

The Italian Enel company had an early agreement with Daimler to run a test with their Smart line of cars. Enel has started the "emobility Italy" program in cooperation with Daimler in 2008 – this program will put up 400 public and private charging stations in Rome, Milan and Pisa with charging stations to be built since September 2010.[66][89] The project was supposed to start in 2011 with a test run going for 48 months – since 5. April 2012 the Smart drive E-Mobility program is ready. The 100 public charging stations in Rome are built with a three-phase Type 2 Mennekes connector[90] while the additional 50 home charging stations are built with a single-phase Type 3 Scame connector.

The E-Move charging stations around Bolzano allow for a test drive of connecting solar panels directly to light vehicles for charging.[91]

The Zero Emission City Parma is a regional project with a 9 million Euro funding to create 300 charging stations along with 900 electric vehicles until 2015.[90] The project is expected to go fully operational by the end of 2012, with 300 points of charge installed and 400/450 electric vehicles circulating.[92]

Germany Edit

Status Region Provider Number Connector FastCharge Started Updated Comment
1 Functional BDEW energy providers summary 5500 (counting publicly accessible stations) 2015[93]
1 Functional Germany Park & Charge 115 CEE blue (230 V, 16 A) 1998 2011
1 Functional Germany Drehstromnetz 190 CEE blue (230 V, 16 A) CEE red (400 V, 32 A) 2006 2011 Drehstromnetz[94]
1 Functional Berlin Vattenfall 42 mains (230 V, 16 A) Type 2 Mode 3 (400 V, 32 A) 2009 2011 MINI E
1 Functional Berlin RWE 77 (154) mains (230 V, 16 A) Type 2 Mode 3 (400 V, 32 A) 2009 2010 E-Mobility
1 Functional Germany ladenetz.de 150[95] mains (230 V, 16 A) Type 2 Mode 3 (400 V, 32 A) 2010 2012 cooperation of municipal utilities
1 Functional Rhein-Ruhr RWE 165 (330) mains (230 V, 16 A) Type 2 Mode 3 (400 V, 32 A) 2010 2011 E-Mobility
1 Functional Koeln-Bonn RWE 57 (114) mains (230 V, 16 A) Type 2 Mode 3 (400 V, 32 A) 2010 2011 E-Mobility
1 Functional Rhein-Main RWE 34 (68) mains (230 V, 16 A) Type 2 Mode 3 (400 V, 32 A) 2010 2011 E-Mobility
1 Functional Hamburg RWE / Orlen 28 (56) mains (230 V, 16 A) Type 2 Mode 3 (400 V, 32 A) 2010 2011 E-Mobility
1 Functional (other) RWE 98 (196) mains (230 V, 16 A) Type 2 Mode 3 (400 V, 32 A) 2010 2011 E-Mobility
1 Functional Munich E.ON 21 mains (230 V, 16 A) Type 2 (was CEEplus) 2009 2010 eflott (Audi e-tron), BMW MINI E
1 Functional Stuttgart EnBW 25 mains (230 V, 16 A) - 2010 2011 Elektronauten 500
1 Functional Stuttgart/Karlsruhe EnBW 42 (84) mains (230 V, 16 A) Type 2 Mode 3 2011 MeRegionMobil
1 Functional Bavaria/Saxonia E.ON 8 CCS Combo2 (50 kW) 2014[96] Schaufenster Elektromobilität
2 Under Construction Germany ladenetz.de 100 mains (230 V, 16 A) Type 2 Mode 3 (400 V, 32 A) 2012 cooperation of municipal utilities
2 Under Construction Stuttgart/Karlsruhe EnBW 260 mains (230 V, 16 A) Type 2 Mode 3 (400 V 63 A) 2011 MeRegioMobil
2 Under Construction Munich E.ON 200 mains (230 V, 16 A) Type 2 2011 eflott (Audi e-tron), BMW MINI E
2 Under Construction Hamburg Vattenfall 50 mains (230 V, 16 A) Type 2 Mode 3 (400 V, 32 A) 2011 Green eMobility
2 Under Construction Berlin RWE 500[97] Type 2 Mode 3 (400 V, 32 A) 2011 E-Mobility
2 Under Construction Rhein-Ruhr RWE 400[97] Type 2 Mode 3 (400 V, 32 A) 2011 E-Mobility coop. Renault–Nissan
3 Planned BDEW energy providers summary 10000 (additional publicly accessible stations) 2017[98]
3 Planned Baden-Württemberg EnBW 700 2012 Landesinitiative Elektromobilität
 
Several Smart electric drive cars charging at the Potsdamer Platz in Berlin.
 
Aral Pulse charging stations in front of a Aral-branded BP gasoline station

Germany has four major transmission system operators (50Hertz, Amprion, TenneT, TransnetBW). They try to set themselves into the position to sell electricity power to electric vehicle owners by becoming also the operators of the upcoming electric vehicle networks.[citation needed] To that avail, they offered partnerships to the German car makers, where they provided charging stations for field tests.

Carmaker Daimler AG and utility RWE AG are running a joint electric car and charging station test project in the German capital, Berlin, called "E-Mobility Berlin.".[99] They have set up 60 charging stations in Berlin (September 2009) and are in the process of extending the system to include 500 charging stations.[100] Daimler has provided for 100 Smart electric drive cars to the project. The second phase started in November 2010. The RWE subsidiary "RWE Mobility"[101] has created cooperations with the automobilist club ADAC, car rental service Sixt and car park provider APCOA to equip all locations with charging stations.[102] since mid of 2009. Renault joined the RWE Mobility program in September 2009 whereby the project goals of erecting charging stations were enlarged to mid of 2011[103] Renault's partner Nissan has joined the RWE-mobility program on 21. June 2010 announcing that RWE will create a network of 1000 charging stations until the end of the year 2010 focusing on the Berlin and Rhein-Ruhr region.[104] On 28. August a cooperation with fuel retailer PKN Orlen (owning 2700 gasoline stations in Poland, Czech Republic and Germany) was announced – they are starting to equip 30 gasoline stations in Hamburg with charging points for electric vehicles.[105] The current list of RWE-mobility charging stations contains 500 locations in Germany, 50 locations in the Netherlands, 11 in Poland and Austria plus a few stations in other neighbouring countries – also RWE has switched all of its charging stations to Type 2 sockets.[106]

Carmaker BMW and utility Vattenfall run a joint electric car and charging test project called "MINI E" in the German capital, Berlin. They are in the process of erecting 50 charging stations[107] and the project lends 50 BMW Mini cars to citizens. The project started in June 2009 and a second phase has been started in December 2009.[108] Up to June 2011 there were 42 public charge points by Vattenfall in Berlin and the company is in the process of building 50 public charge points in Hamburg.[109] While the earliest charging stations were using CEEplus sockets the newer charging stations are built to Type 2 Mode 3 sockets.[110]

Carmaker VW and utility E.ON run a joint electric car and charging station test project in the German capital, Berlin and in Wolfsburg.[111] The "Electric Mobility Fleet Test"[112] was started as a research project with mostly partners in German universities using the VW hybrid cars (to be tested in 2010). E.ON has later joined also in the MINI E project providing the infrastructure in Munich which was started in Juli 2009.[113] erecting an initial series of 11 charging stations (May 2010) enlarging it continuously (21 locations in December 2010).[114] The region test in Munich has been extended by BMW i3 and BMW i8 prototypes (project i) as well as Audi e-tron models (project eflott) in 2011. E.ON has announced to provide the eflott project with 200 public charging stations the Munich region.[115]

Carmaker Daimler, the utility EnBW and the government of Baden-Württemberg have announced on 18. June 2010 to enlarge the "Landesinitiative Elektromobilität" program with the "e-mobility Baden-Württemberg" project that includes erecting 700 charging stations in the state until the end of 2011.[116] Additionally there will be 200 electric vehicles added to the test including some electric trucks.[116] The government of Baden-Württemberg has assigned 28.5 million Euros to support EV research up to 2014.[116] Meanwhile, EnBW has sponsored 500 E-Bikes in the Elektronauten project in 2010 which can use 13 charging stations in the Stuttgart region.[117] EnBW has claimed to offer 250 charging stations for the Elektronauten 500 project in May 2011 although the map has not been updated.[118][119] Bosch has developed a new charging station type for EnBW that is capable for 63A – the station was certified on 11. April 2011 by DEKRA[120] and EnBW has announced to install 260 charge stations in the following weeks for MeRegioMobil project in Stuttgart and Karlsruhe.[121] In November 2011 the car2go project announced to go to Stuttgart in 2012 – EnBW reassured to have 500 charging spots ready in time with the roll out of the car2go vehicles in the second half of 2012.[122]

The German government has announced to support a fleet of 1 million electric cars in Germany by 2020. There are 500 million Euros assigned to the Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology (Germany) to support research and pilot projects in Germany. The ministry has created a dedicated coordination office in the "Gemeinsame Geschäftsstelle Elektromobilität der Bundesregierung (GGEMO)" (Joint Agency for Electric Mobility (of the Federal Government)) which was opened in February 2010.[123] The GGEMO has coordinated a partnership program with the German car industry named "Nationale Plattform Elektromobilität (NPE)" inaugurated on 3 May 2010, in the German Chancellery.[124]

The NPE partnership is supposed to detail the plans for network evolution.[125] The technical standardization part is mostly concentrated in the Deutsche Kommission Elektrotechnik (DKE) of the Association for Electrical, Electronic and Information Technologies (VDE) – the "Standardization Overview on E-Mobility"[126] shows a wide range of efforts from electric grid management to the charging station infrastructure to the car charger electronics. The NPE partnership has published an interim report on 30 November 2010, showing a test fleet of 2800 electric vehicles and 2500 charging stations in 8 test regions.[127]

The German government has announced that it will not install a rebate system for the introduction of electric cars but that it will reshape the legal provisions to quickly create a charging station network in Germany. Bernd Pischetsrieder (formerly Volkswagen) points to studies saying that most of the current buyers of electric cars did already own multiple cars so that a rebate plan would merely come out as a subvention of a consumer class that can afford the expense anyway.[128]

The VDE E-mobility congress on the subject was held in Leipzig on 8./9. November 2010.[129] During the congress a large consumer study was presented that showed some 64 percent want to buy an electric car. The study did also look at the requirements to the charging process – 51 percent of consumers in Germany expect a car to be charged in less than 2 hours, up to 4 hours is acceptable to 60 percent of consumers. 64 percent of consumers expect to charge in their own garage, 21 percent want to frequent a central charging station while casual charging in parking lots of shops and company grounds is expected by a mere 6 and 4 percent respectively. The maximum travel distance shows mixed results – while 53 percent say that 300 km is enough there are also 31 percent who like to travel 450 to 1000 km until required to recharge.[130]

The interim report of the NPE partnership classifies electric vehicles in 3 categories, all-electric city cars, family cars and light trucks with an electric range for city transport.[131] Development is sketched in phases 2010–2013, 2014–2017, 2018–2020 and post-2020 with the government goal to get 1 million electric cars up to 2020 and 6 million electric cars up to 2030 (for comparison there are 44 million cars in Germany in 2010).[131] Batteries are not expected to show great advancements in terms of capacity but the safety will increase and the prices will fall to 250-€300 /kWh in the 2018-2020 time frame.[127] In the post-2020 time frame new battery types are expected – instead of lithium-ion the fourth generation batteries will be introduced to the mobility market including lithium-air, lithium-sulfur and zinc-air batteries.[131] As for charging stations a wide network of fast-charging points is considered possible with 22 kW (400 V 32 A) stations to be introduced in 2010-2013 and 44 kW (400 V 63 A) stations to be introduced in 2014–2017.[131] For the time beyond 2020 there is an expectation of charging stations at 60 kW (400 V DC 150 A) allowing to charge the standard 20kWh battery pack to 80% in less than 10 minutes whereas this station type requires integration with smart grid technology and a strict worldwide standard (including SAE procedures).[131] The "early adoptors" of electric vehicles are identified to be from the middle class owning multiple cars as well as owning a garage – the existence of a public network of charging stations is considered to be not (sic!) a prerequisite for market introduction in the first phases. Instead government funds should back the investments in privately owned charging stations for example with faster tax write off and cheap credits from the government KfW bank.[131]

A preliminary review of the Mercedes / RWE test drive in the smart ed project shows the importance of vehicle-to-grid communications in charging stations as an incentive to charge at night times. While most US households own a garage even for small cars the situation is different in Central Europe where public charging stations are needed.[132]

Switzerland Edit

Status Region Provider Number Connector FastCharge Started Updated Comment
1 Functional Switzerland Park & Charge 230 CEE blue (230 V, 16 A) 1992 2011
1 Functional Switzerland Plug'n Roll 60 Type 2 2016 2017

The charging station network in Switzerland is derived from research in solar cars. In 1992 the government decided to support a charging station network. The network has since extended to neighbouring countries – in 2010 the Park & Charge network in Switzerland, Germany and Austria did encompass 500 charging locations,[133] additionally there a few charging locations in the Netherlands and Italy.

Plug’n Roll: the smart EV charging network in Switzerland.

Iceland Edit

Status Region Provider Number Connector FastCharge Started Updated Comment
1 Functional Iceland Orka náttúrunnar[134] 29 Type 1 2017 2020
1 Functional Iceland Orka náttúrunnar[134] 99 Type 2 2017 2020
1 Functional Iceland Orka náttúrunnar[134] 42 CCS 2017 2020
1 Functional Iceland Orka náttúrunnar[134] 42 CHAdeMo 2017 2020
1 Functional Iceland Ísorka[135] 408 Various 2017 2020
1 Functional Iceland Various[136] 23 Various 2017 2020

Iceland has two major operators of public electric charging stations, Ísorka and Orka náttúrunnar. At launch, both stations did not charge for electricity at their stations, but Orka náttúrunnar started charging on 1 February 2018[137] and Ísorka started charging on 18 August 2017.[138] A payment card is needed from these vendors to use their stations. As of 2018 there are 31 stations from Orka náttúrunnar,[139] as of 2020 there are 408 stations from Ísorka[135] and as of 2019 there are 23 towns and hotels with independent public charging stations.[136]

Ireland Edit

Status Region Provider Number Connector FastCharge Started Updated Comment
1 Functional Ireland ESB ecars[140] 1000 Type 2 Mode 3 22 kW 3-Phase 230 V 2010 2014
1 Functional Ireland ESB ecars[140] 46 50 kW CHAdeMO DC 2010 2014
1 Functional Ireland ESB ecars[140] 6 50 kW CCS DC 2010 2014 Existing CHAdeMO DC units are being upgraded to tri-standard DC/AC
2 Under Construction Ireland ESB ecars[140] 500 Type 2 Mode 3 22 kW 3-Phase 230 V 2010 2014
2 Under Construction Ireland ESB ecars[140] 40 50 kW CCS DC 2010 2014 Existing CHAdeMO DC units are being upgraded to tri-standard DC/AC

In 2009–2010 the Irish Government, and electric utility Electricity Supply Board (ESB) entered into tripartite agreements with major electric vehicle manufacturers (Renault–Nissan ,[141]Mitsubishi Motors ,[142]Toyota ,[143] and PSA Peugeot Citroën [144]) to promote the uptake of electric vehicles in Ireland.

The Irish government has instituted a package of measures,[145] including a €5,000 grant (US$7,158) to assist with purchasing the vehicle, exemption from vehicle registration tax, and accelerated capital allowances to promote electric vehicle purchase. In 2013, the Irish government withdrew the EV vehicle registration tax exemption and replaced it with a €5,000 discount on the tax.[146] New conditions were also added to the SEAI EV Grant which reclassified private EV purchases via Hire Purchase or car loan as a commercial purchase, effectively reducing the EV grant to €3,500 for all non-cash buyers. As a result of these changes, EV sales fell in 2013 to only 58 units.[147]

ESB is providing the charging network, which will be made up of 46 fast-charging (50 kW DC) stations located at intervals on inter-urban national primary routes, 1,500 medium-speed(22 kW AC) public charging points distributed across all towns with population over 1500, and home chargers (3.6 kW 1Φ, 16A) at no cost to the first 2,000 grant qualifying electric car owners.

The first station of the charger network was commissioned in August 2010.[148] At the end of 2011 the charging station map shows 50 AC charging places plus 10 DC stations – the AC chargers will be built to Type 2 sockets however some older charging spots still need to be rebuilt.[149] As of 2014 all 46 CHAdeMO fast chargers are operational and are slowly being replaced by tri-standard units capable of CHAdeMO, CCS and 44 kW AC power.

Analysis of the charge station network as of 2016[150] showed that the installed network coverage was extensive but weak with respect to fault resilience.

Luxembourg Edit

Status Region Provider Number Connector FastCharge Started Updated Comment
1 Functional Luxembourg Chargy[151] 600 Type 2 Mode 3 up to 22 kW AC 2016 2021 Only 460 chargers are publicly accessible
2 Under Construction Luxembourg SuperChargy[151] 88 Type 2 CCS 160 kW to 320 kW DC 2021 2021

There is a national network of accelerated charging stations under the brand name of Chargy. A network of fast chargers is being constructed under the name of SuperChargy.[152]

The Netherlands Edit

 
Charging station along a canal in Amsterdam

In 2009 the City of Amsterdam announced it will set up 200 charging stations by 2012.[153] In the first step the city will put up 100 stations from Coulomb Technologies in cooperation with Dutch utility Nuon and grid company Alliander.[153] The project "Amsterdam Elektrisch"[154] project includes 100 street-side charging stations plus 100 charging stations at car parks[155] The first one was put up on 6. November 2009, the 100th street-side charging station became operational on 4. March 2011, with also over 100 charging stations at car parks.[156] In April 2011, the City of Amsterdam announced the expansion of the street-side charging network with another 1000 charging stations, to be installed by Essent and a joint venture of Nuon and Heijmans.[157]

The Dutch government created the "Formula E Team," a working group collaborating with local governments, private companies and research institutes to create national and regional electric vehicle initiatives. The Foundation E-Laad.nl has the ambitious plan to put up 10,000 charging points by 2012.[66] The Dutch government and the regional grid companies help Foundation E-laad.nl to put up a charging station network adding 65 million Euro investment support in the timeframe 2009 to 2011.[158] The point of 500 charging stations (distributed over 125 communities) was reached on 24. June.[159] The point of 1000 charging stations was reached on 8. December 2011,[160] 1500 on 2. May 2012.[161] and 2500 on 22. August 2013.[162]

According to the roadmap of Formula E-Team the office has been created and the first RFI has started in August 2010; the results will be published in early November for comments and proposals with a definite guide for the infrastructure to be published in March 2011. The integration tests will run in mid of 2011 and the back office system for the networked charging stations to go live in late 2011 along with the "Charge Authority Board" for further development.[163] On 19. July 2010 the Formula E-Team has resolved that charge points in the Netherlands will be equipped with Type 2 Mode 3 sockets, based on a decision by providers from 9. April 2010 that will replace the earlier 5-pin CEE red sockets.[164][165]

The Netherlands is one of the first European markets for the Nissan Leaf;[166] It is also the first European country to adopt stations for the "level 3" fast-charging supported by the Leaf. Epyon has unveiled the first charging station at a gasoline station in Leeuwarden, in the northern province of Friesland.[167][168][169]

Year[170] Regular public charging points Regular semi-public Fast charging
2013 3512 2249 106
2014 5421 6439 254
2015 7395 10391 465
2016 11768 14320 612
2017 15288 17587 755
2018 20228 15633 1116
2019 27773 21747 1252
2020-05 32331 24527 1308
2020-06 33280 24954 1333
2020-07 34529 25406 1462

Poland Edit

Status Region Provider Number Connector FastCharge Started Updated Comment
1 Functional Warsaw RWE 11 mains (230 V, 16 A) Type 2 Mode 3 (400 V, 32 A) 2010 E-Mobility
2 Under Construction Warsaw GreenStream 130 CEE blue (230 V, 16 A) 2011 RWE
2 Under Construction Zielona Gora easyPoint 130 Ekoenergetyka-Zachod
3 Planned Warsaw, Gdańsk, Katowice,
Kraków, Mielec 		GreenCars 330 2020 RWE

RWE and the "Green Stream Cluster"[171] have started in June 2010 to put up a network of 130 charging stations in Warsaw.[66] The Grean Stream Cluster project will run until mid of 2011.[172] The Green Stream Cluster will put up overall 330 charging stations in five cities: Warsaw, Gdansk, Katowice, Kraków and Mielec.[172] "Ekoenergetyka-Zachod"[173] works on an electric vehicle network in the western cities of Zielona Gora (Grünberg), Sulechow, Pila (Schneidemühl) und Sieradz.[172]

Portugal Edit

Status Region Provider Number Connector FastCharge Started Updated Comment
1 Functional Portugal MOBI.E 100 2010
2 Under Construction Portugal MOBI.E 1300 50x 2011 coop. Renault–Nissan

Renault–Nissan have signed a contract with MOBIE.Tech that was started back in 2008. There shall be 1300 new charging stations and 50 fastcharge stations within the 2011 timeframe.[66]

The government wants to enlarge to renewable energy sector up to 60% and usage of electric vehicles is considered an important strategy to cut dependency on imports. The MOBI.E network has installed 100 charging stations and it is deploying 1300 charging stations as well as 50 fast-charge stations in 25 cities up to June 2011.[174] The MOBI.E stations work with magnetic stripe card and bills are sent to the cell phone – the government hopes to export the concept to other countries.[175]

Slovenia Edit

Status Region Provider Number Connector FastCharge Started Updated Comment
1 Functional Ljubljana municipal utilities 22 Schuko (16 A, 230 V) Type 2 /32 A 2012 elektro crpalke

An overview of available charging stations is provided by polni.si,[176] the biggest providers are Dravske Elektrarne Maribor, Elektro Celje, Elektro Gorenjska, Elektro Ljubljana, Elektro Maribor, Elektro Primorska and Petrol.[177] The municipal works Elektro Ljubljana[178] provides a number of public charging stations in the elektro-crpalke[179] network based on 400 V/32 A type or the domestic socket type (Schuko).

Spain Edit

Status Region Provider Number Connector FastCharge Started Updated Comment
1 Functional Barcelona Endesa 55 Schuko (16 A, 230 V) 2010 Live Barcelona
1 Functional Galicia 14+7 Mode 3 IEC 62196 Type 2 (16 A, 230 V) Chademo 2011 BlueMobility for the Plan Mobega
2 Under Construction Barcelona Endesa 191 Schuko (16 A, 230 V) 2012 MOVELE
2 Under Construction Endesa 53x Chademo 2012
2 Under Construction Madrid Telefónica 30 2011 MOVELE
3 Planned Sevilla, Madrid, Barcelona Endesa 546 Schuko (16 A, 230 V) 2014 MOVELE
 
Telefónica phone booths are offering EV recharging
 
Charging station of Endesa in Barcelona 2011

In Madrid, Spain, a trial project will convert 30 former telephone boxes into charging points for electric cars. They are considered suitable, since telephone boxes are generally located at the roadside and are already connected to the electricity supply network. They would form part of a planned network of 546 charging points in Madrid, Barcelona and Seville, subsidised by the Spanish Government.[180] The charging grid is created for the MOVELE pilot project of the Institute for Diversification and Saving of Energy (Instituto para la Diversificación y Ahorro de la Energía, IDAE) that is also providing for 2,000 electric vehicles to the field test.[181][182] The Spanish government has committed itself to have 1 million electric vehicles (fully electric and hybrid cars) in Spain by 2014.[182]

MOVELE network[183] Sevilla Madrid Barcelona TOTAL
charging points 75 280 191 546
station costs (€) 488,498 1,366,000 704,666 2,559,164
IDAE funding 144,000 586,000 287,000 1,017,000

The Chairman of Endesa, Borja Prado, together with a former mayor of Madrid, Alberto Ruiz Gallardón, and the Chairman of Telefónica, César Alierta, have the phone booth in Madrid which can also be used for recharging electric vehicles. Reserved parking spaces will be located next to this and all other booths set up in Metropolitan areas where users will be able to park their EVs and recharge at no cost once they have obtained their free "zero emissions" pre-paid card from the Madrid city council.[184]

The "Live Barcelona"[185] map (sponsored by the Barcelona city council, the Energy state department of Catalonia, utility Endesa, car maker Seat) lists 138 charging spots in Barcelona with 55 of them functional (February 2011).

In September 2011 Endesa signed agreements with Mitsubishi, Renault–Nissan and the Japanese Chademo Foundation on the promotion of fast-charge stations.[186] Endesa will hold the Chademo Europe chair. As a consequence, Endesa will deploy two types of public charging spots – conventional charging (16 A, 230 V AC, Schuko type)[187] and rapid charging (125 A, 400 V DC, Chademo type).[188] In October 2011 Endesa ordered 53 rapid charging stations to be built by GE in strategic places in Spain.[189]

The Galicia region is creating a research cluster (Clúster de Empresas de Automoción de Galicia / Ceaga). The infrastructure side (Plan Mobega – Plan de movilidad eléctrica de Galicia) includes the implementation of a network of multifunctional electromobility stations located at rent-a-car stations. The current installation includes 7 Multifunctional Electromobility stations[190] which are located in the main metropolitan areas of Galicia and a fleet of 28 electric vehicles. The project was started in September 2011 and will continue until Enero 2013.

United Kingdom Edit

Status Region Provider Number Connector FastCharge Started Updated Comment

1 Functional

UK Osprey Charging 250 Type 2 and CHAdeMO (50 kW, DC) CCS (50 kW-175 kW, DC) 2016 2021 High-power rapid charging
1 Functional England North East Elektromotive 400 BS 1363 (230 V 13 A) 2010 2012 One NorthEast
1 Functional England Other Elektromotive 287 BS 1363 (230 V 13 A) 2007 2011
1 Functional Scotland Elektromotive 120 BS 1363 (230 V 13 A) 2010 2012
1 Functional England Zero Carbon World 166[191] BS 1363 (230 V 13 A) CEE blue (230 V 32 A) and Type 2 Mode 3 (230 V, 32 A) 2010 2012 High power and free to use
1 Functional London Siemens 1300 BS 1363 (230 V 13 A) (230 V, 32 A)[192] 2011 2013 Source London
1 Functional UK Ecotricity, network since taken over by Gridserve 544 Type 2 Mode 3 (480 V, 32 A 3 phase) and CHAdeMO (50-100 kW, DC) CCS (50-350  kW, DC) 2011 2022 Rapid charging located at Motorway service area's to allow inter-city travel
1 Functional UK BP Pulse 778 Type 2 Mode 3 (480 V, 32-63 A 3 phase) and CHAdeMO (50-100 kW, DC) CCS (50-150  kW, DC) 2008 2022 Nationwide charging network, formerly known as Polar, taken over by BP.
1 Functional UK Gridserve 300[193] CHAdeMO (50-100 kW, DC) CCS (50-350  kW, DC) 2017 2022 Rapid charging located at UK Motorway Service Areas
1 Functional UK Instavolt 683 CHAdeMO (50-100 kW, DC) CCS (50-350  kW, DC) 2016 2022 Rapid charging located at shopping centres, pubs, cafes, restaurants
2 Under Construction Elektromotive 4000 BS 1363 (230 V 13 A) 2012
2 Under Construction Scotland (funding program) 44 Type 2 Mode 3 (230 V, 32 A), Type 2 Mode 3 (400 V, 32 A) and CHAdeMO (70 kW or 50 kW, DC) 2012 2013 "Plugged-In Places" grant with deadline 31 March 2013[194]
3 Planned London, North-East 2500 2012 plus 11,000 private stations
3 Planned London 2500 2015 plus 22,000 private stations
3 Planned Central Scotland, the East of England, Greater Manchester, Milton Keynes, the North East of England, Northern Ireland (funding program) 8500 2015 "Plugged-In Places" counting home, work and public charging stations
3 Planned Zero Carbon World 1000 BS 1363 (230 V 13 A) Type 2 Mode 3 (230 V, 32 A)[195] 2012 donation program

Électricité de France is partnering with Elektromotive, Ltd.[196] to install 250 new charging points over six months from October 2007 in London and elsewhere in the UK.[197] By November 2011 there are 687 Electrobay charging stations (200 in London) and it plans to build 4000 charging points throughout 2012.[198] Elektromotive has provided 400 public access charge points to the "Charge your Car" network of One NorthEast in 2010[199] and it has installed more than 120 charge points across Scotland.[200]

The Renault–Nissan Alliance and UK company Elektromotive,[201] a provider of electric vehicle recharging stations, are collaborating in the Partnership for Zero-Emission-Mobility, with the aim of accelerating the installation of charging networks for plug-in vehicles in cities. The Alliance and Elektromotive have signed a Memorandum of Understanding.[202]

A fleet of electric cars and charge points will be rolled out across Coventry (England) as part of a multimillion-pound pilot project.[203]

The Department for Transport (DfT) announced in April 2009 that £230 million would be allocated to incentivise the market uptake of EVs in the UK. The scheme will become operational in 2011 and each EV purchaser could receive a rebate of between £2,000 -£5,000. Electric vehicles are exempt from purchase and annual vehicle tax. From April 2010, purchasers of an average new car (Band G) will pay a one off £155 showroom tax and an annual vehicle tax of £155.EVs are tax free.[204]

On 25 February 2010, London, the North East region and Milton Keynes were selected to be the lead places for electric vehicle infrastructure. In total, their plans will result in over 2,500 charge points in the first year and over 11,000 in the next three years, at a variety of publicly accessible car parks, transport hubs and workplaces.[205]

The London mayor called for an E-revolution in March 2009 and he presented the "Electric Delivery Plan for London" in May 2009.[204] The plan projects 25,000 charging points London by 2015 including 500 on-street, 2000 off-street in car-parks and 22,000 privately owned locations. London itself will buy 1000 electric vehicles up to 2015. Owners of an electric car will not need to pay the Congestion Charge for the city of London being worth up to £1,700 a year. At that point (May 2009) London already had 100 charge points in public places which will be increased to 250 by 2012. Beginning 2011 20% of new lots in car parks must have access to a charging outlet. Additionally, the parking in the Westminster boroughs will be free for electric vehicles saving the user up to £6,000 a year and a flat rate of £200 electricity cost is charged for the usage of public outlets in Westminster.

As of February 2011 the "Source London" project has contracted Siemens to build a network of public charging stations in London. At least 1,300 charging points will be installed by the end of 2013 in public locations and streets across the Capital. Transport for London (TfL) has also finalised a contract that will see Siemens manage the operation of the network and registration of drivers. The deal between TfL and Siemens will see Siemens run the Source London back office to March 2014 at no cost.[206] Up to July 2011 there were 180 charging stations.[207] and in November 2011 more than 200.[208] The number of charging stations reached 790 in October 2012 with plans to increase that to 1300 in 2013.[209] The goal of 1300 publicly accessible charging stations was met on 16 May 2013.[210]

In July 2011 a charity called Zero Carbon World announced their Charge Points Everywhere network, their aim is to help business's install free to use charge points on their business's with the implicit understanding the person using the charge point will use the services of that business. The connections themselves are standard 32 and 13amp connectors and the inclusion of the 32amp connector means that car with powerful chargers such as Tesla can charge much faster than with the 13a connectors on the majority of chargers[211] On 15 February 2012, the alliance announce to donate 1000 charging stations for free adding up on the existing 76 charging stations that are already deployed.[212]

The "Plugged-In Places" program of the Department of Transport offers grants for charging station networks in the United Kingdom. The development plan identifies 8 regions to be in a strategic focus – Central Scotland, the East of England, Greater Manchester, Milton Keynes, the North East of England and Northern Ireland – with a target of 8500 chargepoints.[213] Following the ACEA position paper the government program favours moving to a dedicated recharging connector of Type 2 Mode 3.[213] Referring to the PIP program an open tender in Newcastle upon Tyne identifies the goal to have 75% of the charging stations to offer Type 2 Mode 3 sockets including to switch over existing charging stations to that type.[214]

The UK has limited electric vehicle charging network roaming providers. Paua and AllStar provides this service for businesses.[215][216]

North America Edit

United States Edit

Status Region Provider Number[clarification needed] Connector FastCharge Started Updated Comment
1 Functional U.S. Alternative Fuels Data Center Summary 7902 1992 April
2014 		USA wide
1 Functional Nationwide Tesla 9,233[217] Tesla 63-250 kW 2010 Nov 2020 In 933 stations.
1 Functional Nationwide Electrify America
1 Functional Portland Portland G. Electric 20 SAE J1772[218][219] 2008 2010
1 Functional California, Seattle, Texas, Florida, Maryland, Virginia, Georgia, Hawaii, Washington, D.C SemaConnect SAE J1772 Level-II (240 V 30 A) 2010 2014 SemaConnect
1 Functional California ChargePoint 580 SAE J1772 Level-II (240 V 30 A) 2010 2012 Coulomb Tech
1 Functional Washington State ChargePoint 237 SAE J1772 Level-II (240 V 30 A) 2011 2012 Coulomb Tech
1 Functional Chicago Area JNS Power 350 SAE J1772 Level-II (240 V 30 A) 2011 2012 Coulomb Tech
1 Functional Boston ChargePoint 108 SAE J1772 Level-II (240 V 30 A) 2011 2012 Coulomb Tech
1 Functional New York / New Jersey ChargePoint 128 SAE J1772 Level-II (240 V 30 A) 2011 2012 Coulomb Tech
1 Functional Washington DC / Baltimore ChargePoint 164 SAE J1772 Level-II (240 V 30 A) 2011 2012 Coulomb Tech
1 Functional Florida ChargePoint 275 SAE J1772 Level-II (240 V 30 A) 2011 2012 Coulomb Tech
1 Functional San Antonio / Houston ChargePoint 261 SAE J1772 Level-II (240 V 30 A) 2011 2012 Coulomb Tech
1 Functional San Diego EV Project 261 SAE J1772 Level-II (240 V) 2012 ECOtality
1 Functional Seattle EV Project 407 SAE J1772 Level-II (240 V) 2012 ECOtality
1 Functional Houston EV Project 177 SAE J1772 Level-II (240 V) 2012 ECOtality
1 Functional Tennessee EV Project 365 SAE J1772 Level-II (240 V) 2012 ECOtality
1 Functional South Carolina EATON 100 SAE J1772 (some of them) 2010 state program
1 Functional Dallas/Houston EVgo 15 SAE J1772 2010 EVgo
1 Functional Hawaii BetterPlace 140/200 2011 2012 DEBDT program
2 Under Construction SF Bay Area 109 2010 California ARB
2 Under Construction San Diego EV Project 1500 SAE J1772 (220 V) 2012 ECOtality
2 Under Construction Texas EVgo 50 SAE J1772 2010 EVgo
2 Under Construction California EVgo 200 SAE J1772 2012 EVgo
2 Under Construction Detroit, New York, Wash.DC,
California, Washington, Austin 		ChargePoint 4600* SAE J1772 (optional) 2011 2012 Coulomb Tech
3 Planned San Diego, Arizona, Seattle,
Oregon, Tennessee, Dallas 		EV Project 6350 SAE J1772 (220 V) 310x Level-3 DC 2012Q4 ECOtality
3 Out of service California, Arizona GM EV1 500 mains (110 V) MagneCharge (220 V, 30 A) 1996 2001 program cancelled

Infrastructure has been installed by Coulomb Technologies in Arizona; California – San Francisco, San Jose, Walnut Creek, and Sonoma; Colorado; Washington, D.C.; Florida; Chicago, Illinois; Massachusetts; Detroit, Michigan; Minneapolis, Minnesota; New York City; Cary, North Carolina; Ohio; Portland, Oregon; Nashville, Tennessee; Texas; Seattle, Washington; Wisconsin. Gilbarco Veeder-Root are partnering with Coulomb to advance public charging facilities. Gilbarco exhibited Coulomb Technologies' Smartlet Charging Station at the National Association of Convenience Stores (NACS) show in October 2008.[220] At the end of 2008, Coulomb Technologies planned to roll out five curbside charging stations in downtown San Jose that drivers can access through a prepaid plan. The company was working with entities in Las Vegas Nevada, New York and Florida to do something similar there.[221] Coulomb Technologies has announced to provide 1000 free public charging stations until December 2010.[222] They also plan to expand its "ChargePoint America network"[223] to 4600 free home and public level-2 charging stations until October 2011 in nine regions: Austin, Texas; Detroit, Michigan; Los Angeles, California; New York, New York; Orlando, Florida; Sacramento, California; the San Jose/San Francisco Bay Area, California; Redmond, Washington; and Washington DC.[222] The $37 million ChargePoint America program is made possible by a $15M grant funded by the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act through the Transportation Electrification Initiative administered by the Department of Energy. So far 149 stations are operational according to the ChargePoint map, 51 stations are in California.[224] New York joins the ChargePoint network building more than 100 charging stations in public places until October 2011.[225][226] In April 2012 the first milestone of the Chargepoint America program has been reached with Colulomb Technologies having delivered 2400 public and commercial charging stations, the actual installation of its Level 2 (240 V 30 A) stations in the 10 participating regions will continue.[227]

Infrastructure is planned by Better Place for Hawaii, Oregon, and California – the San Francisco Bay area, Sacramento, San Jose, Los Angeles, San Diego, and the highway and freeway corridors between them.[228][229]

Other companies that are building charging stations throughout the U.S. are ECOtality[230] and SolarCity[231]

In the initial phase of "The EV Project"[232] of ECOtality there are 11 participating cities: Phoenix (AZ), Tucson (AZ), San Diego (CA), Portland (OR), Eugene (OR), Salem (OR), Corvallis (OR), Seattle (WA), Nashville (TN), Knoxville (TN) and Chattanooga (TN).[233] The contract for the "EV Project" was signed on 1 October 2009, with the US Department of Energy and it includes 8,300 Level 2 chargers installed in owner's homes; 6,350 Level 2 chargers installed in commercial and public locations; and 310 Level 3 DC fast-chargers.[234] The EV project will run for 36 months. The public charging stations will be put up beginning in summer 2010. Texas has joined the EV Project in July 2010.[235] San Diego will take a share of 1,500 public charging stations and 1,000 home base charging points.[236][237] The first milestone of The EV Project has been reached in April 2012.[238]

Portland General Electric installs 12 electric vehicle charging stations in Portland and Salem, Oregon until September 2008[239] and it has installed 20 charging stations by 2010 as part of a demonstration project to develop the transportation infrastructure needed to support electric vehicles and plug-in cars.

NRG Energy has announced to create a network of 50 charging stations in northern Texas under the "EVgo" brand.[240] In March 2012 the company announced to build a network of 200 fast-charging stations in California over the next four years.[241] By 30 Dec. 2015 EVgo has installed over 1,000 chargers in over 25 markets.[242] NRG EVgo has developed partnerships to build infrastructure and offer complimentary charging with Nissan,[243] BMW[244] and Ford.[245]

In Virginia, with the participation of the Town of Wytheville, and several businesses, Plugless Power inductive charging stations began field testing in March 2010.[246] South Carolina has unveiled its "Plug in Carolina" program including 100 public charging stations in December 2010[247] In San Antonio, TX, a downtown church (Travis Park United Methodist Church) made Level 1 charging available in its parking lot in 2009.[248]

The DBEDT ministry of Hawaii had a state rebate program "EV Ready Grant" that was funded by the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act – the program was offering $4500 for a full-speed commercially available electric vehicle and $500 for electric vehicle chargers.[249] The "EV Ready Grant" program is followed by the "EV Ready Rebate" program offering 20% of the purchase price with a maximum of $4500 for a full-speed commercially available electric vehicle and 30% of the purchase prices with a maximum of $500 for electric vehicle chargers.[250] Charging equipment is expected follow the standards including SAE J1772.[250] The designated Transportation Working Group expects 200 charging stations to be available in 2010[251] In February 2012 it was announced to have Betterplace activate its multi-island network of 130 charging stations (Oahu, Maui, Kauai and the Big Island).[252] The Hawaii rebate program is being continued with having reached a score of 372 funded vehicles and 246 chargers, and by April 2012 approximately 220 charging stations have been installed as part of the EV Ready Grant Program.[253] The Hawaii station database[254] lists the 200 public charging stations in 80 locations that were available up to March 2012, about 140 have been installed by BetterPlace.[255]

In California the car maker Tesla has put up 18 public charging stations.[256] Within the SF Bay Area Activities & Coalition has identified 109 locations to put up public charging stations beginning 2009 based on funding by ARRA.[257] The last California "ZEV Program Review symposium"[258] was held on 23. September 2009, the next one is scheduled for late summer 2010.[259] In the past there had been a charging station network to support the General Motors EV1 that had installed 500 public charging station.[260]

The U.S. Department of Energy offers a list of locations of the available alternative fuel infrastructure. The historic trend summary (1992–2010) shows a total of 541 electric charging locations by 2010 which had been still lower than the peak count of 873 charging locations in 2002.[261] As of November 2020 the total count of public electric charge stations in the United States had increased to 27,458.[262]

Electrify America operates one of the largest public electric vehicle DC fast charging networks in the United States, with more than 500 charging locations and over 2,200 individual charging units, as of 2020. The company expects to install or have under development approximately 800 stations with about 3,500 DC fast chargers by December 2021.[263]

Canada Edit

Status Region Provider Number Connector FastCharge Started Updated Comment
1 Functional National Sun Country Highway 1000 varies No 2012 Includes entire length of the Trans-Canada Highway main route.
1 Functional National FLO 2,127 SAE J1772 50 kW CCS, CHAdeMO 2011 2020 Members can access chargers of The Electric Circuit and eCharge, BC Hydro EV, ChargePoint networks[264]
1 Functional Quebec The Electric Circuit 2,389[265] SAE J1772 50 kW CCS, CHAdeMO 2012 2020 Members can access chargers of FLO and eCharge networks
1 Functional British Columbia BC Hydro EV[266] 60[267] CHAdeMO yes 2011 2016 New stations will be dual-standard CHAdeMO/CCS; existing ones will be upgraded
1 Functional Vancouver City of Vancouver 78 SAE J1772 1 station 2011 2016 1 CHAdeMO charger installed at Empire Fields
1 Functional New Brunswick eCharge 79 SAE J1772 50 kW CCS, CHAdeMO 2017 2020 Members can access chargers of the FLO and The Electric Circuit networks

In 2012, a series of free public electric vehicle charging stations were installed along the main route of the Trans-Canada Highway by a private company, Sun Country Highway, permitting electric vehicle travel across the entire length, as demonstrated by the company's president in a publicity trip in a Tesla Roadster. As of 2012 this made it the longest electric vehicle ready highway in the world.[268][269] The same company also partnered with Canadian rural hardware retailer Peavey Mart to add free public charging stations to its 29 stores across Western Canada[270] and includes chargers located at Best Western hotels in Canada and the US on its online map of EV charging stations. As of 2013 the company's total network was over 700 chargers with plans to reach 1000 chargers by year end.[270]

From 2011 to 2014, the City of Vancouver installed[271] publicly accessible Level 2 charging stations in a variety of locations, including community centres, shopping malls, curbside, and other locations throughout the city. In 2008, the city changed the Building Bylaw to require 20% of parking stalls in apartments and condos, and all stalls in houses to be electric vehicle ready. In 2013, the bylaw was updated so that 10% of stalls in mixed-use and commercial buildings are also ready for electric vehicles.

In a March 2016 news release,[272] the Government of British Columbia stated that the CEV Program[273] investments have supported over 550 public Level 2 charging stations, and 30 DC fast charging stations.

South America Edit

Brazil Edit

As of 2022, Brazil had around 1,250 stations, with 47% stations concentrated in the state of São Paulo[274]

Uruguay Edit

In January 2016, UTE opened the first charging station in Montevideo, exclusive for taxis.[275]

In December 2017, UTE and Ancap opened a charging station network that connects Colonia del Sacramento, Rosario, Puntas de Valdez, Montevideo, San Luis and Punta del Este, with stations every 65 km. The stations at the Carrasco Airport and Colonia have 43 kW, whereas the other stations have 22 kW.[276]

Asia Edit

China Edit

Status Region Provider Number Connector FastCharge Started Updated Comment
1 Functional Beijing outskirts North China Grid 100 (240 V) 2010 plus 3 stations
2 Under Construction 27 cities State Grid Corp 75 stations 2010 dozens of outlets per station
2 Under Construction Zhejiang State Grid Corp 7,200 173 stations 2011 dozens of outlets per station
3 Planned State Grid Corp 6,209 2010 plus some battery swap stations
4 Proposed State Grid Corp 220,000 2351 stations 2015

China's first large electric charging station for electric vehicles—the Tangshan Nanhu EV Charging Station – was put into service on 31 March 2010. Five cities in northern Hebei province – Tangshan, Zhangjiakou, Qinhuangdao, Langfang and Chengde – want to build three charging stations and 100 charging poles in 2010.[277]

Shandong is the province with most car manufacturers in China. The province planned to start in May 2010 with a charging station for 45 cars. According to China's State Grid Corporation, 75 electric vehicle charging stations are planned in 27 cities across China by the end of 2010.[278][279] Additionally 6,209 charging posts and some battery replacement stations had been planned for 2010.[279] The State Grid Corporation China announced success in distributing 7,031 charge poles in Hangzhou-Jinhua and wants to add 211 additional charging poles in 2011 along with 173 charging stations.[citation needed]

China is planning on installing 10 million electric vehicle charging stations by 2020.[280][281] In the 12th Five Year Plan (2011–2015) China wants to deploy 2,351 charge and replacement power stations and 220,000 charge spots.[282] The reason is to get rid of crude oil imports which makes for 54 percent of the oil usage and cars accounted for 40 percent of national oil consumption (2010).

Japan Edit

Infrastructure is planned by Better Place and Nissan for Yokohama.[283]

Singapore Edit

Infrastructure is planned by Robert Bosch[284] and Keppel Energy for Singapore[285]

Middle East Edit

Israel Edit

Status Region Provider Number Connector FastCharge Started Updated Comment
1 Functional Tel Aviv BetterPlace 1 2010 BetterPlace demo center
1 Functional Israel Gnrgy 4 2011
2 Under Construction Israel BetterPlace 200 2011 behind time
2 Under Construction Israel Gnrgy 25 2011
3 Planned Israel BetterPlace 400 and 40 swap stations 2011 coop. Renault
3 Planned Israel Gnrgy 500 2012
4 Proposed Israel BetterPlace 220 2011 coop. Israel Railways

Israel has enacted policies that create a tax differential between zero-emission vehicles and traditional cars, to accelerate the transition to electric cars.[286]

Better Place began to build its first electric vehicle network in Israel in conjunction with French car-maker, Renault.[287] The company conducted its first market tests in Israel, Denmark and Hawaii[288] because their small size also made them suitable as test markets.[289] Better Place opened its first functional charging station in Israel the first week of December 2008 at Cinema City in Pi-Glilot, and additional stations were planned in Tel Aviv, Haifa, Kfar Saba, Holon, and Jerusalem.[290]

In March 2011 Better Place presented a detailed plan for network construction, including 40 battery swap stations and 400 charging stations across Israel. 200 locations were said to be under construction or planned at the end of 2011,[291] but that goal was not reached. On 26 May 2013, Better Place filed for bankruptcy in Israel, having terminated its projects in most markets.

Gnrgy, originally a producer of mobile charging solutions[buzzword], entered the market as an alternative to Betterplace. On 29 February 2012 it partnered with Pango, provider of parking billing solutions[buzzword], to set up a series of charging stations throughout Israel.[292]

Oceania Edit

Australia Edit

Status Region Provider Number Connector FastCharge Started Updated Comment
1 Functional Melbourne, Canberra, Sydney ChargePoint 20 AS 3112 (230 V, 15 A) SAE J1772[293] (230 V 32 A) 2010 2012 1 additional non-public demo station
1 Functional Brisbane, Townsville, Adelaide, Perth ChargePoint 16 SAE J1772[293] 2011 2012
1 Functional Perth (project foundation) 23 Type 2 Mode 3 (415 V 32 A) (240 V 32 A) 2010 2012 REV Project (University of Western Australia)
1 Functional Melbourne ECOtality+Exigency 1 AS 3112 (230 V, 15 A) SAE J1772 2010 140 William St car park
3 Planned Melbourne-Sydney-Brisbane highway corridor Tesla Motors ~16 2014 2016 [294]
4 Proposed Melbourne, Sydney, Canberra, Newcastle BetterPlace 20 SAE J1772 2012 2013

Australia currently has thirteen electric vehicle charging stations across Sydney, Melbourne and Canberra from Coulomb Technologies. They opened in 2010 and 2011.[293] One charge point from ECOtality has been installed in the car park at 140 William Street in Melbourne CBD with Exigency[295] providing project management and metering. ChargePoint has expanded its service to eight cities by 2012 (Perth 3, Adelaide 5, Melbourne 10, Canberra 2, Sydney 8, Brisbane 6, Townsville 3, Hobart 1).[293]

Construction of infrastructure (charging spots and battery switching stations) had been proposed by Better Place for the major cities Melbourne, Sydney and Brisbane. Australia would have become the third country in the world to have an electric car network in a bid to run the country's 15 million cars on batteries powered by green energy under a plan announced in October 2008.[296] Better Place filed for bankruptcy in Israel on 25 May, shortly after pulling out of Australia.[297][298] The original plan to deploy as much as 200,000 charging stations was stopped in January 2013, after just 20 public charge spots had been installed.[299]

In May 2011 CO2 Smart has completed a fast recharge network in test city Perth. Electromotive has provided 11 dual-headed IEC-compatible fast-charge stations at 32A to be used with the CO2 Smart of the test fleet.[300][301] In the test drive the European connectors have been preferred over the American connectors since Australia (like Europe) does have three-phase power (at 415 V) in most home locations.[301] The fast-charge outlets connect with a special 8-pin IEC-compatible round connector integrating single-phase and three-phase power[302][303] The project of the University of Western Australia was continued with 23 public charging stations available by September 2012 featuring Type 2 connectors at 32 A.[304][305]

United States EV manufacturer Tesla Motors formally launched in Australia in December 2014, announcing their intention to build their supercharger network along the highway between Melbourne, Canberra and Sydney by the end of 2015, and extending to Brisbane by the end of 2016.[294]

See also Edit

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Electrically-powered transport.

References Edit

  1. ^ Lambert, Fred (14 November 2020). "Tesla opens world's largest Supercharger station". Electrek. Retrieved 20 November 2020.
  2. ^ . Archived from the original on 28 December 2013. Retrieved 27 December 2013.
  3. ^ Go Electric Stations goelectricstations.com, accessed 2 September 2019
  4. ^ "Plugsurfing - Charge your EV and find Charging Stations".
  5. ^ "Open Charge Map - the global public registry of electric vehicle charging locations".
  6. ^ . Archived from the original on 30 April 2009. Retrieved 7 October 2009.
  7. ^ . Archived from the original on 30 September 2009. Retrieved 7 October 2009.
  8. ^ a b "LEMNET - Charging Stations for Electric Vehicles". lemnet.org. Retrieved 2 September 2019.
  9. ^ a b Park & Charge - Ladeinfrastruktur, die einfacher kaum geht park-charge.net, accessed 2 September 2019
  10. ^ . Archived from the original on 9 December 2009. Retrieved 6 December 2019.
  11. ^ "Todo sobre el vehículo eléctrico y puntos de recarga. Electromaps". www.electromaps.com. Retrieved 4 September 2019.
  12. ^ "Electric Vehicle Charging Solutions | Pod Point". www.pod-point.com. Retrieved 4 September 2019.
  13. ^ . Archived from the original on 2 September 2011. Retrieved 8 August 2018.
  14. ^ Pod point map search (forwards to charge.pod-point.com) Accessed 4 September 2019
  15. ^ "Open Charge Public Charging Stations | POD Point". POD Point. Retrieved 1 June 2016.
  16. ^ "plugshare map search". www.plugshare.com. Retrieved 4 September 2019.
  17. ^ "POWERING THE FUTURE Innovative solutions to change the way we move". suncountryhighway.ca. Retrieved 4 September 2019.
  18. ^ Stacje ładowania samochodów elektrycznych – polska mapa i wyszukiwarka Naładuj.pl naladuj.pl Accessed 4 September 2019
  19. ^ "EVhype - Find Electric Vehicle Charging Stations Near You". EVhype. 7 June 2022. Retrieved 14 November 2022.
  20. ^ a b "AmpUp EV Charging". www.ampup.io.
  21. ^ "Blink Charging Co. Company & People | BLNK". Barron's. Retrieved 22 June 2023.
  22. ^ Plug-In 2008: California Cars Initiative www.calcars.org accessed 4 September 2019
  23. ^ . Archived from the original on 23 December 2009. Retrieved 22 May 2010.
  24. ^ "Campbell-based Coulomb Technologies raises $47.5 million in a fourth round of funding". The Mercury News. 7 May 2012. Retrieved 1 August 2019.
  25. ^ Carey, Nick (8 November 2021). "UK's Connected Kerb targets 190,000 on-street EV chargers by 2030". Reuters. Retrieved 1 January 2022.
  26. ^ "Connected Kerb". UK. Retrieved 2 January 2022.
  27. ^ "Ecotricity Electric Highway". www.ecotricity.co.uk. Retrieved 17 February 2015.
  28. ^ "Elektromotive granted patent for Elektrobay charging station". www.fleetnews.co.uk. Retrieved 1 August 2019.
  29. ^ "Electric Vehicle (EV) Charging Stations | EVgo". EVgo. Retrieved 25 February 2016.
  30. ^ "EV Range EV Charging". www.evrange.com.
  31. ^ "EVDC Network-EV". Puerto Rico: EVDC. Retrieved 19 March 2023.
  32. ^ "EV Trail - EV charging stations where you need them | EV Trail". EV Trail. Retrieved 10 May 2023.
  33. ^ Booth, Michael (23 November 2021). "Looking for a fast EV charge in small town Colorado? Do you want fries with that?". The Colorado Sun. Retrieved 10 May 2023.
  34. ^ Lambert, Fred (9 June 2023). "Tesla's NACS enjoys domino effect as EV charging companies adopt the standard". Electrek. Retrieved 10 June 2023.
  35. ^ "Canadian EV charging company opens Auburn Hills production facility". The Detroit News. Retrieved 2 June 2023.
  36. ^ Booth, Michael (15 February 2023). "FACT SHEET: Biden-⁠Harris Administration Announces New Standards and Major Progress for a Made-in-America National Network of Electric Vehicle Chargers". The White House. Retrieved 14 May 2023.
  37. ^ "Welcome to Hubsta - Your Intelligent Network". www.hubsta.co.uk. Retrieved 4 September 2019.
  38. ^ Elektromobilclub der Schweiz (ECS) website www.elektromobilclub.ch accessed 4 September 2019
  39. ^ Share&Charge - peer to peer charging network 23 September 2016 at the Wayback Machine shareandcharge.com Accessed 4 September 2019
  40. ^ "Spark Plug Electric Vehicle Charging". Spark Plug Chargers. Retrieved 20 June 2023.
  41. ^ a b . EE Times Europe automotive. EETimes. 10 October 2008. Archived from the original on 7 July 2011. Retrieved 21 May 2010.
  42. ^ (Press release). Nissan. 21 May 2010. Archived from the original on 24 May 2010. Retrieved 21 May 2010.
  43. ^ Ramsey, Jonathon (26 March 2009). "Tesla Model S: $50,000 EV sedan seats seven, 300-mile range, 0-60 in 5.5s". autobloggreen. Retrieved 12 April 2009.
  44. ^ "Tesla's First Electric-Car 'Supercharger' Stations Now Live". 25 September 2012.
  45. ^ "TSLA Q4 Update" (PDF). tesla-cdn.thron.com. (PDF) from the original on 26 January 2022. Retrieved 17 February 2022.
  46. ^ "supercharge.info". supercharge.info. 14 June 2022. Retrieved 14 June 2022.
  47. ^ "Green Cars Initiatiave", European Commission information portal
  48. ^ "Commission makes €24.2 million available to the development of electromobility in Europe", press release, European Commission, IP/11/381, 30 March 2011
  49. ^ "Transport 2050: Commission outlines ambitious plan to increase mobility and reduce emissions", press release, European Commission, IP/11/372, 28 March 2011
  50. ^ (PDF). ACEA - European Automobile Manufacturers Association. 2 March 2011. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 December 2012.
  51. ^ "CARS 2020: Action Plan for a competitive and sustainable automotive industry in Europe". European Commission. 8 November 2012. p. 14. COM(2012) 636 final. Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 February 2013. Retrieved 11 November 2012. propose a legislative measure at the latest by 2013 to ensure that practical and satisfactory solutions for the infrastructure side of the recharging interface for electric vehicles are implemented throughout the EU, in case no agreement is reached on a voluntary approach among stakeholders involved through the standardisation process.
  52. ^ (PDF). Mennekes Elektrotechnik GmbH & Co KG. 19 October 2012. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 September 2013. Retrieved 16 November 2012.
  53. ^ "EU launches clean fuel strategy". European Commission. 24 January 2013. press release. IP/13/40. A common EU wide plug is an essential element for the roll out of this fuel. To end uncertainty in the market, today the Commission has announced the use of the "Type 2" plug as the common standard for the whole of Europe.
  54. ^ "Clean power for transport – Frequently asked questions". European Commission. 24 January 2013. Recharging stations - Technical specifications. MEMO/13/24. Common standards for electric charging points across Europe must be designed and implemented by December 2015
  55. ^ "More than 50 CEZ recharging stations for electric cars to be in the Czech Republic". Daily News Czech AM. 31 March 2011. Retrieved 6 April 2012.
  56. ^ "have year report 2012 cez group" (PDF). ČEZ Group. 27 August 2012. Retrieved 20 November 2012.
  57. ^ "ČEZ Has 20 Charging Stations in Operation - VOLTDRIVE".
  58. ^ "Nu bliver det nemmere at køre elbil i Jylland - Øvrige nyheder - Vejdirektoratet.dk".
  59. ^ "Om NRGi Elsalg".
  60. ^ . COP15 United Nations Climate Change Conference. 28 May 2008. Archived from the original on 15 September 2008. Retrieved 29 July 2008.
  61. ^ "brev-til-kunder-i-better-place-danmark-as". Better Place Danmark A/S. 3 June 2013. Retrieved 10 June 2013. at både batteriskiftestationer og ladestanderne opsat i det offentlige rum foreløbig vil være ude af drift fra senest 4. juni 2013 (both battery stations and public chargers will be left offline since 4. June 2013)[dead link]
  62. ^ "notat-om-konkurs". Better Place Danmark A/S. Retrieved 10 June 2013. afsagde den 28. maj 2013 konkursdekret over Better Place Danmark A/S (announced bankruptcy of Better Place Danmark A/S on 28. May 2013)[dead link]
  63. ^ . Better Place Danmark A/S. 17 April 2013. Archived from the original on 17 May 2013. Retrieved 10 June 2013. Better Place netværket består i dag af: 700 offentlige ladesteder; Flere hundrede ladestandere opsat hos private og danske virksomheder; 18 døgnåbne, ubemandede batteriskiftestationer langs motorvejsnettet; 8 hurtigladere opsat ...
  64. ^ "Tysk energigigant køber Better Place-ladestandere". 9 September 2013.
  65. ^ . Archived from the original on 26 November 2009. Retrieved 14 August 2010.
  66. ^ a b c d e f "L’ECOSYSTEME DU VEHICULE ELECTRIQUE" 2011-07-17 at the Wayback Machine, Laurent Meillaud
  67. ^ Adam Palin (19 November 2013). "Infrastructure: Shortage of electric points puts the brake on sales". Financial Times. Retrieved 28 December 2013.
  68. ^ KredEx (20 February 2013). "Estonia becomes the first in the world to open a nationwide electric vehicle fast-charging network". Estonian World. Retrieved 28 December 2013.
  69. ^ a b "World's first nationwide EV charging network starts – based on ABB fast charger technology" (Press release). ABB. 20 February 2013. Retrieved 22 February 2013.
  70. ^ . YouTube. Archived from the original on 29 April 2016. Retrieved 27 November 2016.
  71. ^ (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 February 2013. Retrieved 22 February 2013.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  72. ^ Vaughan, Adam (20 February 2013). "Estonia launches national electric car charging network". The Guardian. Retrieved 22 February 2013.
  73. ^ Mardiste, David (20 February 2013). "Estonia goes electric with new car charger network". Reuters. Retrieved 22 February 2013.
  74. ^ "EDF et Toyota annoncent un partenariat technologique en Europe relatif aux véhicules hybrides rechargeables". Électricité de France. 5 September 2007. Retrieved 10 October 2007.
  75. ^ Renault (13 July 2011). "press release: VINCI autoroutes et Renault, partenaires pour développer le véhicule électrique en France". Retrieved 15 September 2019.
  76. ^ a b "EDF Collectivités territoriales > actualités > actualites marche avril 2010[permanent dead link]
  77. ^ EDF reprint of Le Journal du Dimanche, 28/03/10: "Le ministre de l'Écologie, Jean-Louis Borloo, a annoncé d'ici à 2015 la construction de 400 000 "points de recharge" dans toute la France."
  78. ^ EDF reprint of Electro Magazine, 01/03, Les Echos, 22/03/10: "Jean-Louis Borloo a présenté en 2009 un plan de 1,5 milliard d'euros afin de développer la voiture électrique et son corollaire, les infrastructures de rechange." / "La question est de savoir si le réseau de bornes de recharge sera construit par des PME ou par une filiale unique d'ERDF qui pourrait se voir confier dans un premier temps l'installation de 75 000 bornes."
  79. ^ "Bornes de recharge électrique". Portal of the City of Paris. 28 February 2012. Retrieved 17 September 2012.
  80. ^ "Electric Vehicle Solution – Schneider Electric" 2011-07-03 at the Wayback Machine, Version Jan 2011, Schneider Electric, accessed 7 March 2011
  81. ^ "Annexe au rapport d'étape du groupe de travail franco-allemand sur l'électromobilité" (PDF). 9 February 2010.
  82. ^ Renault-Nissan-Mitsubishi Communiqués de presse Bilan de l’expérimentation SAVE (Seine Aval Véhicules Electriques) 8 July 2013, media.group.renault.com, accessed 14 September 2019
  83. ^ a b c . Archived from the original on 8 August 2011. Retrieved 27 September 2011.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  84. ^ . Archived from the original on 25 December 2011. Retrieved 7 April 2012.
  85. ^ a b "E-mobility Italy - per tutta la tua vita".
  86. ^ . Archived from the original on 15 April 2010. Retrieved 24 May 2010.
  87. ^ "Renault-Nissan e-moves into Lombardy, Italy"
  88. ^ "Italy joining the electric ride with new regulation", cars21.com, 9. July 2010
  89. ^ . enel. Enel information website. Archived from the original on 2 June 2012. Retrieved 9 April 2012. (summary) The first vehicles of the electric mobility project launched by Enel and smart in 2008 are now being driven on the streets of Rome, Milan and Pisa. Under this projects, which includes private citizens and firms, 100 electric smart vehicles will be delivered and over 400 charging stations will be installed in public and private locations
  90. ^ a b "Elektrombolität in Italien" (in German). WKO – Aussenwirtschaft Österreich. 6 December 2011. Retrieved 9 April 2012.[permanent dead link]
  91. ^ . Archived from the original on 30 November 2013. Retrieved 7 April 2012.
  92. ^ "Parma: realm of the electric car". Retrieved 9 April 2012.
  93. ^ (in German). 10 April 2015. Archived from the original on 26 January 2016. Retrieved 11 September 2015.
  94. ^ showing "Summe Ladehalte" above 190 charging points as for March 2011. www.drehstromnetz.de/wachstum accessed 04. April 2011
  95. ^ "RFID hilft beim Stromtanken". Archived from the original on 11 February 2013.
  96. ^ (in German). 14 May 2014. Archived from the original on 20 May 2014. Retrieved 20 May 2014.
  97. ^ a b "Leistungspaket Stadtwerke Broschüre" 2011-07-04 at the Wayback Machine,
  98. ^ (in German). 15 June 2015. Archived from the original on 26 January 2016. Retrieved 11 September 2015.
  99. ^ "E-Mobility Berlin: Daimler And RWE Embarking On The Age Of Electro-Mobility". Damiler News. 5 September 2008.
  100. ^ Pressemeldung vom 25.11.2008 "Nationale Strategiekonferenz Elektromobilität" "... schon ab 2009 den Einsatz von mehr als 100 Elektrofahrzeugen der Marken smart und Mercedes-Benz in der Bundeshauptstadt. ... RWE stellt dafür rund 500 Ladestationen im Stadtgebiet Berlins auf."
  101. ^ "Innogy bringt Elektromobilität nach vorn". rwe-mobility.com. Retrieved 4 September 2019.
  102. ^ Pressemeldung vom 26.10.2009 "Startschuss für Elektromobilität in Mainz" " Partner des Projekts sind der Automobilclub ADAC, der Autovermieter Sixt, Siemens und Deutschlands größter Parkraumanbieter APCOA" .. "Langfristiges Branchenziel ist ein flächendeckendes Netz mit Ladepunkten – und zwar in ganz Europa."
  103. ^ Pressemeldung vom 15.09.2009 "Renault und RWE unterzeichnen Abkommen für Stromtankstellen" "Bis Ende Juni 2011 werden weitere Stromtankstellen in deutschen Großstädten errichtet. Ab Ende 2010 werden die ersten 100 Vorserien-Elektrofahrzeuge von Renault die neue Infrastruktur nutzen."
  104. ^ "RWE und Nissan kooperieren bei der Elektromobilität", press release, 21. June 2010
  105. ^ "RWE-Autostrom künftig an Star-Tankstellen in Hamburg und NRW" 4 December 2010 at the Wayback Machine, press release, RWE E-Mobility, Elmshorn/Dortmund, 18. August 2010
  106. ^ "Standorte der RWE Ladesäulen" 2010-06-19 at the Wayback Machine, counting entries the KMZ map file access Juley 2, 2011
  107. ^ MINI E FAQ 9 May 2010 at the Wayback Machine, "Wie viele Säulen werden in Berlin aufgestellt? Vattenfall plant die Bereitstellung von bis zu 50 Ladestationen an öffentlich zugänglichen Plätzen."
  108. ^ Pressemeldung vom 15.12.2009 "Die BMW Group und Vattenfall Europe zeigen Alltagstauglichkeit von Elektromobilität"[permanent dead link] "m Juni 2009 haben die BMW Group und Vattenfall Europe gemeinsam ihr Projekt "MINI E Berlin powered by Vattenfall" zur Einführung des emissionsfreien Autofahrens einschließlich erforderlicher Ladeinfrastruktur in Berlin gestartet."
  109. ^ . Vattenfall. Archived from the original on 19 July 2011. Retrieved 2 July 2011.
  110. ^ "Vattenfall zeigt innovative Energielösungen auf der Hannover Messe" (Video). Vattenvall. 20 June 2011. Retrieved 2 July 2011.
  111. ^ Volkswagen 2008 VW Golf Twin Drive Plug-in Hybrid Prototype – Volkswagen cars specifications review www.auto-power-girl.com accessed 4 September 2019
  112. ^ Flottenversuch Elektromobilität 30 April 2010 at the Wayback Machine www.eon-energie.com accessed 4 September 2019
  113. ^ "Grüner Strom auf Münchens Straßen" 30 April 2010 at the Wayback Machine "Seit Juli 2009 rollen MINI E mit E.ON-Strom durch die bayerische Landeshauptstadt und die angrenzenden Landkreise. E.ON konnte hierbei eine Infrastruktur aus öffentlichen Ladestationen aufbauen."
  114. ^ "Map of Charging Stations in Munich" 10 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine, E.ON, accessed 6. March 2011
  115. ^ . Archived from the original on 28 July 2011. Retrieved 2 June 2011. until September 2011
  116. ^ a b c "e-mobility Baden-Württemberg" startet: Daimler und EnBW Vorreiter für emissionsfreie Mobilität 2011-07-10 at the Wayback Machine, press release, EnBW, 18. June 2010
  117. ^ "Elektronauten project", EnBW, 2010
  118. ^ . 6 May 2011. Archived from the original on 7 May 2011. Retrieved 2 July 2011.
  119. ^ "Ladestationenkarte". EnBW. Retrieved 2 July 2011.[permanent dead link]
  120. ^ . DEKRA. 11 April 2011. press release. Archived from the original on 8 October 2011. Retrieved 3 July 2011.
  121. ^ "Erste "intelligente" Ladestation von EnBW und Bosch erhält Flughafen Stuttgart" (PDF) (in German). EnBW. 11 April 2011. press release. Das Projekt MeRegioMobil wird vom Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft und Technologie (BMWi) gefördert. In den nächsten Wochen werden rund 260 weitere Ladepunkte in Karlsruhe und Stuttgart installiert.
  122. ^ "www.enbw.com/content/de/_media/_pdf/pdf_pressemeldungen/20111110Stuttgart_wird_Living-Lab_f__r_die_Zukunft_urbaner_Mobilit__t.pdf" (PDF). EnBW. 10 November 2011. Retrieved 8 March 2012.[dead link]
  123. ^ Pressemeldung vom 1.2.2010 "Gemeinsame Geschäftsstelle Elektromobilität der Bundesregierung (GGEMO) nimmt Fahrt auf" 2010-04-15 at the Wayback Machine "um das Ziel zu erreichen, Deutschland zu einem Leitmarkt für Elektromobilität zu entwickeln und bis 2020 eine Mio. Elektrofahrzeuge in Deutschland zu haben."
  124. ^ . Archived from the original on 10 October 2010. Retrieved 24 May 2010.
  125. ^ "Nationale Plattform Elektromobilität kommt mit ihrer Arbeit gut voran"[permanent dead link], press release 217/2010, German Federal Ministry of Transport, Building and Urban Development, 28. July 2010
  126. ^ . Archived from the original on 27 November 2010. Retrieved 22 July 2010.
  127. ^ a b "Nationale Plattform Elektromobilität legt Zwischenbericht vor", heise autos, 2. November 2010
  128. ^ "Ex-VW-Chef gegen Prämien für E-Autos", Der Tagesspiegel, 16. November 2010
  129. ^ "VDE-Studie sieht für Elektroautos noch Hürden bis zum Massenmarkt" 3 May 2010 at the Wayback Machine, 28. April 2010
  130. ^ "Elektromobilität Getankt wird zu Hause – 64 Prozent der Bundesbürger wollen Elektroauto kaufen", press release, VDE, 8. November 2010
  131. ^ a b c d e f "Zwischenbericht der Nationalen Plattform Elektromobilität" 2011-07-16 at the Wayback Machine, 30. November 2010
  132. ^ "e-mobility @Daimler – handout" 10 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine, 3 December 2010, accessed 7 March 2011
  133. ^ . Archived from the original on 20 August 2010. Retrieved 8 August 2010.
  134. ^ a b c d . Archived from the original on 17 June 2020. Retrieved 17 June 2020.
  135. ^ a b . Ísorka - Hleðslustöðvar (in Icelandic). Archived from the original on 17 June 2020. Retrieved 17 June 2020.
  136. ^ a b "Orkuskipti í samgöngum". Orkustofnun (in Icelandic). Retrieved 17 June 2020.
  137. ^ "ON rukkar fyrir hraðhleðslu rafbíla". RÚV (in Icelandic). 11 December 2017. Retrieved 17 June 2020.
  138. ^ "Byrja að rukka fyrir hleðslu rafbíla". www.mbl.is (in Icelandic). Retrieved 17 June 2020.
  139. ^ "Hringvegurinn allur orðinn fær rafbílum". www.frettabladid.is (in Icelandic). Retrieved 17 June 2020.
  140. ^ a b c d e  ecars
  141. ^ . Archived from the original on 21 March 2012. Retrieved 6 July 2011.
  142. ^ . Archived from the original on 21 March 2012. Retrieved 6 July 2011.
  143. ^ . Archived from the original on 21 March 2012. Retrieved 6 July 2011.
  144. ^ . Archived from the original on 21 March 2012. Retrieved 6 July 2011.
  145. ^ . Archived from the original on 5 October 2011. Retrieved 6 July 2011.
  146. ^ OVERVIEW OF PURCHASE AND TAX INCENTIVES FOR ELECTRIC VEHICLES IN THE EU www.acea.be, accessed 14 September 2019
  147. ^ "EV Sales 2013 - Ireland Ranked Last Out of 17 Countries in Europe". 2 March 2014.
  148. ^ "AA's Conor Faughnan Plugs into Green Driving" 2010-08-31 at the Wayback Machine, press release, Electricity Supply Board, 6. August 2010
  149. ^ "Charge Point Map".
  150. ^ Conway, Thomas (September 2017). "On the Effects of a Routing and Reservation System on the Electric Vehicle Public Charging Network". IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems. 18 (9): 2311–2318. doi:10.1109/TITS.2016.2641981. ISSN 1524-9050. S2CID 2646783.
  151. ^ a b "Le Réseau Chargy". Retrieved 29 May 2022.
  152. ^ Bauldry, Jess (20 January 2021). "Luxembourg switches on first of 88 ultra-fast charging stations". Delano. Luxembourg. Retrieved 29 May 2022.
  153. ^ a b "Amsterdam Becomes First European City to Install Coulomb ChargePoint Networked Charging Stations for Electrical Vehicles", press release, Coulomb Tech, 27 May 2009
  154. ^ "Archived copy (amsterdamelektrisch)". Archived from the original on 22 February 2013. Retrieved 18 June 2010.
  155. ^ "Amsterdam Amsterdam puts charging network for electric cars into use" 10 December 2010 at the Wayback Machine, press release, Nuon, 6 November 2009
  156. ^ "Nieuw Amsterdams Klimaat news/100th-charging-point". Archived from the original on 5 September 2012. Retrieved 9 May 2011. press release City of Amsterdam, 8. March 2011
  157. ^ "Archived copy (nieuwamsterdamsklimaat)". Archived from the original on 7 September 2012. Retrieved 9 May 2011.
  158. ^ "Elektrisch Rijden Rijksoverheid", Ruud van Sloten, Formula E-Team, 5. August 2010
  159. ^ "136-opening-500ste-publieke-oplaadpunt-is-mijlpaal-voor-elektrisch-rijden-in-nederland".
  160. ^ "245".
  161. ^ "326".
  162. ^ "2500ste-e-laadpunt-geopend-in-castricum".
  163. ^ "Tweede informa-esessie (second information session)", Foundation E-Laad.nl, 5. August 2010
  164. ^ "standaardisatie-stekkernorm-type-02-modus-03".
  165. ^ "standaardisatie-stekkermateriaal".
  166. ^ (Press release). Nissan. 17 May 2010. Archived from the original on 20 May 2010. Retrieved 27 June 2010.
  167. ^ "Holland to Have Europe's First Commercial EV Charging Station in Leeuwarden (Preparing for LEAF?)". 27 May 2010.
  168. ^ "Yahoo!".
  169. ^ "Dit domein wordt gehost door Masc".
  170. ^ "Statistics Electric Vehicles in the Netherlands(up to and including April2020)" (PDF). Rijksdienst voor Ondernemend Nederland. www.rvo.nl. Retrieved 29 June 2020.
  171. ^ . Archived from the original on 21 August 2010. Retrieved 14 August 2010.
  172. ^ a b c "Polens Autos werden elektrisch", Handelsblatt, 11. December 2009
  173. ^ "Home".
  174. ^ "MOBI.E em destaque na Cimeira da NATO" 2012-03-20 at the Wayback Machine, press release MOBI.E, 20. November 2010,

    A rede MOBI.E tem já mais de 100 pontos instalados e terá até ao final do primeiro semestre de 2011 mais de 1300 pontos de carregamento normal e 50 pontos de carregamento rápido distribuídos por 25 municípios de todo o pais
  175. ^ "Kleine Länder, große Chancen", Die Zeit online, 8 March 2011
  176. ^ . Archived from the original on 10 October 2022. Retrieved 19 November 2012.
  177. ^ . Archived from the original on 3 October 2022. Retrieved 19 November 2012.
  178. ^ "Elektro Ljubljana OVE d.o.o". Retrieved 14 September 2019.
  179. ^ "Partnerski odnosi, zdravje in nasveti za življenje - Elektro črpalke".
  180. ^ Madrid reverses the chargers with electric car plan, The Guardian, 8 September 2009
  181. ^ "MOVELE. Electric mobility (MOVilidad ELEctrica) pilot project" at the Wayback Machine (archived 2010-08-17), accessed 25 May 2010
  182. ^ a b (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 January 2016. Retrieved 25 May 2010.
  183. ^ "MOVELE cities" 2011-07-16 at the Wayback Machine, accessed 25 May 2010
  184. ^ (Press release). Endesa. 10 May 2010. Archived from the original on 6 July 2010. Retrieved 21 May 2010.
  185. ^ "Live: Impuls de Mobilitat Sostenible a Barcelona I Catalunya".
  186. ^ "Archived copy (endesa.com MitsubishiENG)". Archived from the original on 22 January 2013. Retrieved 8 January 2012.
  187. ^ . Archived from the original on 15 January 2012. Retrieved 8 January 2012.
  188. ^ . Archived from the original on 15 January 2012. Retrieved 8 January 2012.
  189. ^ GE, Endesa bring electric vehicles, charging stations to Spain www.elp.com, accessed 5 September 2019
  190. ^ . Archived from the original on 21 June 2012. Retrieved 26 January 2012.
  191. ^ "Home - Zero Carbon World". Retrieved 10 December 2012. 166 UK Destinations
  192. ^ "How to use the Source London charge points". Transport for London. Retrieved 11 November 2012. To access 7kW (32A) side: You will need a mennekes to J1772 cable to use this side of the post.
  193. ^ Hyde, Ellis. "Complete guide to Gridserve". Driving Electric. Retrieved 12 March 2022.
  194. ^ "Offer of Grant Funding for the Plugged in Places Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure Procurement Support Scheme" (PDF). Retrieved 10 December 2012.
  195. ^ . www.zerocarbonworld.org. Archived from the original on 4 March 2013. Retrieved 10 December 2012.
  196. ^ . Elektromotive, Ltd. Archived from the original on 2 November 2007. Retrieved 26 October 2007.
  197. ^ Reynolds, L. (11 October 2007). "UK to install 250 new public charging stations by next spring". The Battery Vehicle Society. Retrieved 26 October 2006.
  198. ^ "Electromotive welcomes electric charging infrastructure expansion". electromotive. 8 November 2011. press release. Retrieved 8 February 2012.
  199. ^ "elektromotive aims to create UK's biggest pay-as-you-go electric vehicle recharging network" (PDF). elektromotive. 21 June 2012. Retrieved 24 November 2012.
  200. ^ "new ev charge points in falkirk will help meet carbon reduction targets" (PDF). elektromotive. 10 October 2012. Retrieved 24 November 2012.
  201. ^ . Archived from the original on 26 January 2009. Retrieved 21 January 2009.
  202. ^ "Renault-Nissan Alliance and Electromotive to Collaborate on Charging Infrastructure". 27 February 2009. Retrieved 14 September 2019.
  203. ^ . Archived from the original on 29 November 2010. Retrieved 22 May 2010.
  204. ^ a b "Electric Delivery Plan for London" 2011-07-19 at the Wayback Machine.
  205. ^ "2010 to 2015 government policy: Transport emissions". Retrieved 14 September 2019.
  206. ^ "Charge points start to be installed for Source London" 2011-07-24 at the Wayback Machine, press release, Source London, 14 February 2011
  207. ^ London Source (11 July 2011). . press release. Archived from the original on 24 July 2011. Retrieved 14 July 2011.
  208. ^ . Source London. 10 November 2011. Archived from the original on 24 April 2012. Retrieved 8 March 2012.
  209. ^ . Source Londone. 24 October 2012. Archived from the original on 21 October 2013. Retrieved 24 November 2012.
  210. ^ . Source London. 16 May 2013. Archived from the original on 21 October 2013. Retrieved 24 November 2013.
  211. ^ . Archived from the original on 14 July 2011. Retrieved 13 July 2011.
  212. ^ . ZeroCarbonWorld.org. 15 February 2012. Archived from the original on 26 January 2016. Retrieved 8 March 2012.
  213. ^ a b (PDF). Office for Low Emission Vehicles – Department for Transport. June 2011. Archived from the original (PDF) on 31 January 2012. Retrieved 5 January 2012.
  214. ^ "UK-Newcastle Upon Tyne: supply of EV charging leads". 22 June 2011. Retrieved 5 January 2012. It has become clear that the general position in Europe regarding Electric Vehicle charging is to utilise Mode 3 charging protocol, and the UK (PEL69 / JPEL 64 BSI Technical Committee's) have issued their position paper to the EU to state that the UK will support the use of a Type 2 connector. This necessitates a change to the existing installed and delivered infrastructure to become compliant with these enhanced standards of charging. One North East Plugged in Places project has a plan to ensure approx 75% of the overall estate of public charging points are Type 2 connector and mode 3 protocol. The plan is to complete this physical changeover before 31/3/12
  215. ^ Riddell, Niall. "Paua Electric Fuel card". Paua. Retrieved 12 March 2022.
  216. ^ AllStar, AllStar. "AllStar Electric One". AllStar. Retrieved 12 March 2022.
  217. ^ "Supercharger Data". Supercharger Info. Retrieved 19 November 2020.
  218. ^ . Archived from the original on 23 September 2010. Retrieved 6 October 2010.
  219. ^ (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 July 2011. Retrieved 6 October 2010.
  220. ^ Roundup: BYD's PHEV; France; Charge@7-Eleven?; Energy/Water; Incentives; Austin Expo www.calcars.org, accessed 5 September 2019
  221. ^ Detnews.com | This article is no longer available online | detnews.com | The Detroit News
  222. ^ a b "Coulomb Technologies to Provide 4,600 Free Home and Public Charging Stations Through ChargePoint America Program", 2. June 2010
  223. ^ CHARGE POINT AMERICA E-Vehicle Environmental Friendly www.chargepointamerica.com, accessed 5 September 2019
  224. ^ ChargePoint America Archived 10 July 2012 at archive.today, accessed 8. August 2010
  225. ^ "Bloomberg Powers Up New Electric Car Charging Program", New York Times, 15 July 2010
  226. ^ "NYC opens charging station for cars" 2011-06-09 at the Wayback Machine, The Durango Herald, 18 July 2010
  227. ^ . Coulomb Technologies. 10 April 2012. Archived from the original on 27 April 2012. Retrieved 12 May 2012.
  228. ^ . Zoomi Life. 23 November 2008. Archived from the original on 29 December 2008. Retrieved 15 March 2010.
  229. ^ "ChargePoint Charging Stations". 16 September 2009. Retrieved 6 October 2009.
  230. ^ . Archived from the original on 26 May 2010. Retrieved 22 May 2010.
  231. ^ "Renewable Energy World Home". www.renewableenergyworld.com. Retrieved 5 September 2019.
  232. ^ . Archived from the original on 4 October 2009. Retrieved 14 August 2010.
  233. ^ . EV Project. Archived from the original on 4 October 2009. Retrieved 27 April 2010.
  234. ^ "EV Project FAQ", updated 7/2/2010
  235. ^ "Dallas/Fort Worth and Houston Added to Roster of Project Cities" 2010-10-27 at the Wayback Machine, 15. July 2010
  236. ^ "San Diego Region To Get 2500 Charging Stations", 17. March 2010
  237. ^ "Charging Stations for Electric Cars Being Installed Around the County" 23 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine, 3. August 2010
  238. ^ (PDF). ecotality. 12 April 2012. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 June 2012. Retrieved 12 May 2012.
  239. ^ . Archived from the original on 29 November 2010. Retrieved 22 May 2010.
  240. ^ "NRG Launches Nation's First Privately Funded, Comprehensive Electric Vehicle Charging Ecosystem". 18 November 2010.
  241. ^ "NRG Energy, Inc. to Build Unprecedented Electric Vehicle Fast-Charging Infrastructure in California". 23 March 2012. Retrieved 12 May 2012.
  242. ^ "About NRG EVgo Electric Vehicle (EV) Charging Solutions". NRG EVgo. Retrieved 25 February 2016.
  243. ^ "NRG eVgo EZ-Charge Goes Live This Summer". insideevs.com. 23 May 2014. Retrieved 25 February 2016.
  244. ^ "BMW i announces ChargeNow DC Fast Expansion, supporting EVgo's installation of 500 DC Fast chargers across the US and offering no-cost DC and Level 2 charging for BMW i3 drivers". www.press.bmwgroup.com. Retrieved 25 February 2016.
  245. ^ "Charge 'Er Up: Ford Offers Three Years' Complimentary Charging to C-MAX Energi Customers with EV 1-2-3 Charge, Powered by EVgo | Ford Media Center". media.ford.com. Retrieved 25 February 2016.
  246. ^ Susan Wilson (March 1, 2010). . Blorge.com. Archived from the original on March 4, 2010. Retrieved March 9, 2010.
  247. ^ "First Electric Vehicle Charging Network Launches in South Carolina" 2010-12-14 at the Wayback Machine, WJBF-TV, 9. December 2010
  248. ^ . Archived from the original on 19 June 2010. Retrieved 12 July 2010.
  249. ^ "Hawai‘i EV Ready Grant Program: Deadline for Application Submission" hawaii.gov accessed 5 September 2019
  250. ^ a b "Hawaii's Electric Vehicle (EV) Rebate Program" hawaii.gov accessed 5 September 2019
  251. ^ . Archived from the original on 27 May 2010. Retrieved 8 August 2010.
  252. ^ . Betterplace. 28 February 2012. Archived from the original on 4 May 2012. Retrieved 12 May 2012.
  253. ^ "state reinvests in electric vehicle rebate program" (PDF). DEBDT. 13 March 2012. Retrieved 12 May 2012.
  254. ^ Hawaii EV Public Charging Station Database energy.hawaii.gov accessed= 5 September 2019
  255. ^ "state electric vehicle program hits milestone" (PDF). DEBDT. 29 March 2012. Retrieved 12 May 2012.
  256. ^ "Tesla Connector Charging Locations", EV charger news, accessed 8 August 2010
  257. ^ "Bay Area EV Corridor", California Air Resources Board, 23 September 2009
  258. ^ "Zero Emission Vehicle Infrastructure". arb.ca.gov. Retrieved 5 September 2019.
  259. ^ "ZEV Regulation Workshop" 2010-06-15 at the Wayback Machine, California ARB, 3 May 2010
  260. ^ "EV1 – Charging", General Motors, 15 July 2003, accessed 8. August 2010
  261. ^ . Archived from the original (xls-datasheet) on 9 July 2011. Retrieved 7 March 2011.
  262. ^ "Electric Vehicle Charging Station Locations". U.S. Department of Energy - Alternative Fuels Data Center. Retrieved 17 November 2020.
  263. ^ Hawkins, Andrew (5 October 2020). "Driving the 2021 Volkswagen ID 4, VW's first all-electric SUV". The Verge. Retrieved 5 October 2020.
  264. ^ "Roaming with FLO: Taking You Even Further". FLO. Retrieved 14 October 2020.
  265. ^ "Hydro-Quebec annual report 2019" (PDF). p. 19.
  266. ^ "The BC EV Infrastructure Project: DC Fast Charging". 3 October 2014.
  267. ^ Gerke, Grant. "The Essential Guide to EV Charging Networks in North America". Retrieved 14 November 2019.
  268. ^ . Archived from the original on 16 December 2013. Retrieved 16 December 2013.
  269. ^ . Archived from the original on 22 March 2014. Retrieved 12 April 2014.
  270. ^ a b . Archived from the original on 16 December 2013. Retrieved 16 December 2013.
  271. ^ "Electric Vehicles". vancouver.ca. 9 November 2017. Retrieved 20 September 2019.
  272. ^ "Government charging up electric vehicles". news.gov.bc.ca. 23 March 2016. Retrieved 20 September 2019.
  273. ^ "CLEAN ENERGY VEHICLE PROGRAM | Clean Energy Vehicles for British Columbia".
  274. ^ "Which Brazilian states do not yet have charging points for electric vehicles? - Portal Movilidad: Noticias sobre vehículos eléctricos". 11 May 2022. Retrieved 4 December 2022.
  275. ^ UTE inauguró primera estación de servicio para autos eléctricos - El Observador, 6 January 2016
  276. ^ Habrá carga gratuita para autos eléctricos entre Colonia y Punta del Este - El Observador, 27 December 2017
  277. ^ "China's first electric vehicle charging station put into service", People's Daily, 1 April 2010
  278. ^ "Shandong builds 1st large electric car charging station", Xinhua state press, 11 April 2010
  279. ^ a b "SGCC Accelerates Building of Electric Vehicle Charging Stations", State Grid Corporation, 2. March 2010
  280. ^ . Archived from the original on 23 January 2011. Retrieved 9 February 2011.
  281. ^ Eric Loveday Report: China working on plan to install 10 million charging stations by 2020 www.autoblog.com, 19 January 2011, accessed 20 September 2019
  282. ^ "China has largest electric vehicle charging network", People's Daily Online, 3 March 2011
  283. ^ . Zoomi Life. 10 January 2009. Archived from the original on 31 May 2010. Retrieved 15 March 2010.
  284. ^ . Archived from the original on 6 August 2016. Retrieved 27 May 2016.
  285. ^ . Archived from the original on 4 August 2009. Retrieved 19 August 2009.
  286. ^ . The Breakthrough Institute. 13 May 2008. Archived from the original on 20 June 2010. Retrieved 29 July 2008.
  287. ^ "Israel's Better Place and Renault partner in first mass-market electric vehicle". Israel 21c Innovation News Service. 17 September 2009. Retrieved 24 December 2009.
  288. ^ . 2 December 2008. Archived from the original on 26 February 2009.
  289. ^ Clive Thompson (16 April 2009). "Batteries Not Included". New York Times. Retrieved 19 April 2009.
  290. ^ . Energy Efficiency News. 11 December 2008. Archived from the original on 29 April 2009. Retrieved 19 April 2009.
  291. ^ "Better Place Unveils Network Deployment Roadmap for Israel, Offering Electric Car Drivers Complete Nationwide Coverage by End of Year" 2011-05-11 at the Wayback Machine, press release, Better Place, 23 March 2011
  292. ^ Isreal: Kardan, Pango to set up electrical car charging stations www.4evriders.org, accessed 14 September 2019
  293. ^ a b c d . www.chargepoint.net.au. Archived from the original on 9 February 2023. Retrieved 15 September 2019.
  294. ^ a b "Tesla's electric cars come to Australia - and they could benefit the power market". Special Broadcasting Service. 12 December 2014. Retrieved 5 January 2015.
  295. ^ . Archived from the original on 20 April 2010. Retrieved 27 August 2010.
  296. ^ . AFP. 23 October 2008. Archived from the original on 26 October 2008. Retrieved 20 January 2009.
  297. ^ "Better Place Bails Out of Both U.S. And Australia".
  298. ^ "Better Place Electric-Car Service Files for Bankruptcy".
  299. ^ . Archived from the original on 23 November 2011. Retrieved 3 December 2011. (Melbourne 4, Canberra 8, Sydney 3, Newcastle 5)
  300. ^ . Archived from the original on 18 April 2011. Retrieved 26 June 2011.
  301. ^ a b Electric cars get a REV up, Professor Dr. Thomas Bräunl, 3 May 2011
  302. ^ (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 March 2012. Retrieved 2 July 2011. Combined fast and slow charger Charge cable 10 A–15 A / Fast – incl. IE socket = 4.3 kW 3-phase
  303. ^ "Public EV charging for Western Australia". 13 June 2011. Retrieved 2 July 2011. In The West's car there is a 15-amp plug and one special round eight-pin plug that enables the car to be plugged into the fast-charge station.
  304. ^ "Perth gets nation's first electric car fast recharge network". University of Western Australia. 3 September 2012. news. Retrieved 20 November 2012. Australia's first electric car fast recharge network with 23 new fast-charge stations installed across the metro area ... the Level 2 recharge stations were built in the UK to comply with two competing world standards - IEC 62196 Type 1 ("J1772", US/Japan) and Type 2 ("Mennekes", Europe)
  305. ^ "Fast-Charging Network Trial". REV Project / University of Western Australia. Retrieved 20 November 2012. The stations provide level 2 charging at 32 Amps [pictures show that stations are Type 2 with adapter cable to Type 1 car]

October 21, 2023
electric, vehicle, charging, network, electric, vehicle, charging, network, infrastructure, system, charging, stations, recharge, electric, vehicles, many, government, manufacturers, charging, infrastructure, providers, sought, create, networks, today, chargin. An electric vehicle charging network is an infrastructure system of charging stations to recharge electric vehicles Many government car manufacturers and charging infrastructure providers sought to create networks Today charging network vendors include either proprietary solutions ex Tesla or ChargePoint or hardware agnostic solutions ex AmpUp EVConnect and Shell Recharge Hardware agnostic vendors allow for customers to switch out their charge stations and or switch to a different network vendors similar to an unlocked smartphone whereas proprietary vendors do not allow customers to switch 1 Several plug in converted Toyota Priuses hybrids recharging at the public stations in front of San Francisco City Hall Contents 1 Maps 2 Infrastructure providers 3 Automobile manufacturers 4 Initiatives by region 4 1 Europe 4 1 1 Czech Republic 4 1 2 Denmark Norway 4 1 3 Estonia 4 1 4 France 4 1 5 Italy 4 1 6 Germany 4 1 7 Switzerland 4 1 8 Iceland 4 1 9 Ireland 4 1 10 Luxembourg 4 1 11 The Netherlands 4 1 12 Poland 4 1 13 Portugal 4 1 14 Slovenia 4 1 15 Spain 4 1 16 United Kingdom 4 2 North America 4 2 1 United States 4 2 2 Canada 4 3 South America 4 3 1 Brazil 4 3 2 Uruguay 4 4 Asia 4 4 1 China 4 4 2 Japan 4 4 3 Singapore 4 5 Middle East 4 5 1 Israel 4 6 Oceania 4 6 1 Australia 5 See also 6 ReferencesMaps EditThe Go Electric Stations 2 was a global station navigation system The project included free smartphone apps via Next Charge 3 and provided free data and information to users and providers regarding stations all around the world PlugSurfing 4 is a community based charging station locator PlugSurfing is merging static and realtime availability charging station information and crowd sources information through mobile apps and other devices This way PlugSurfing responds to the needs of the electric driver OpenChargeMap 5 is an open source database with a public API for sharing and distributing charging location information globally Information in this system is gathered both manually and automatically from a variety of data sources The project aims to provide globally relevant data freely to other application developers and navigation providers EV Charger Maps 6 was a volunteer run effort coordinated by EV Charger News 7 that cataloged EV charging station information across the U S LEMnet 8 is an internet database is operated by Park amp Charge 9 The database not only provides locations of the Park amp Charge stations but also everyone is free to register their stations It offers KMZ map files and POI collection files for navigation systems enhanced with information required for electric vehicle owners to find a public charging point in Europe In Spain Alargador 10 offers an editable map of EV recharge points in which everybody who wants to share their electric outlet can do it easily All data is downloadable freely to most common GPS navigators and mapping software Another source is ElectroMaps 11 to find a station in Spain Pod Point 12 provides one of the UK s largest public charging networks with over 1 500 stations The live charging station map 13 14 provides the address charging rate connector type and availability of public charging stations In 2015 they launched the Open Charge 15 public network with smartphone enabled charging points that are reliable and easy to use PlugShare 16 is a crowdsourced map of public private and residential charging locations The site uses Google Maps to provide a map of charging locations and their own database to filter by charging type Public chargers private chargers and residential charging locations are listed The service provides an app for iOS and Android which allows users to locate chargers near their current location An account is needed to view private persons charging locations as these locations are at the homes or businesses of Plugshare members Plugshare was acquired by EVgo in 2021 Plugshare is one of many leading sources of where charge stations exist however plenty public and private stations are not updated in the app Sun Country Highway 17 includes a map of 1000 of its chargers across Canada and the US Naladuj 18 website is a search engine and map containing charging stations located in Poland It allows to perform search based on a given place and or selected categories including connector type charging speed power availability opening hours payment authorization requirements and voivodeship To locate charging stations cataloged in the database depending on the user s choice Naladuj uses Google Maps or OpenStreetMap EVhype 19 provides an interactive map of electric vehicle public charging stations It uses various sources to obtain and display charging stations the data EVhype has a social network element It allows users to create accounts add comments bookmarks and pictures Infrastructure providers EditAmpUp 20 is an EV charging network provider in the United States that allows station owners to manage their chargers availability price and electric load AmpUp s solutions are tailored to workplaces fleets utilities and multi unit dwellings The company also offers a mobile app so EV drivers can find authenticate and pay for EV charging at AmpUp stations 20 non primary source needed full citation needed Blink Charging operates a network with over 50 000 publicly available charging connectors in the US Europe and the UK Also produces chargers for use in private settings 21 ChargePoint includes public charging stations a consumer subscription plan and utility grid management technology to help electric utility companies to smooth electrical demands on the grid 22 23 As of 2023 the ChargePoint network consisted of over 27 000 locations in the United States plus additional chargers in other countries 24 Connected Kerb is a UK based provider of electric vehicle charging infrastructure founded in 2017 which aims to make EV charging affordable sustainable and accessible for all regardless of social status location or physical ability In November 2021 the company announced plans to install 190 000 on street residential charging points across the UK by 2030 to help EV users without access to home charging facilities 25 26 The CEO is Chris Pateman Jones Ecotricity is a UK based energy company who offered rapid charging points at motorway service stations and other locations across the UK as of 2015 The electricity they provide is grid matched with renewable generation The company has partnerships with Renault Nissan Alliance who provided many of the rapid chargers 27 non primary source needed Elektromotive was a UK based company that manufactured and installed charging infrastructure for electric cars and other electric vehicles using their patented Elektrobay stations 28 The company has partnerships with major corporations including EDF Energy and Mercedes Benz to supply charging posts and data services They have since been absorbed into Chargemaster now BP Pulse Electrify America is a DC fast charging station network based only in the United States with approximately 730 charging locations as of March 2022 the company was created by the Volkswagen Group after the United States EPA accused them of using defeat devices in its diesel fueled vehicles EV Connect citation needed EVgo 29 is one of America s largest EV charging networks EV Range is an EV charging network provider in the United States with high power gt 180 kW stations in CA and NV EV Range also offers their platform to property owners to own and manage their chargers with solutions for workplaces fleets utilities and multi unit dwellings The company offers a mobile app so EV drivers can find authenticate and pay for EV charging 30 non primary source needed full citation needed EVDC is a Puerto Rico based company that aims to build its supercharger network nationwide 31 EV Trail 32 is an American charging infrastructure company Their aim is to cut rural charging gaps in Colorado 33 FLO is a North American electric vehicle charging network operator and a smart charging solutions provider 34 FLO operates in the United States and Canada Their charging stations are assembled in Michigan 35 and Quebec Francis Energy is a Tulsa Oklahoma based EV charge point operator with plans to expand into 40 states in 2023 with plans to install 50 000 EV charging ports by 2030 in partnership with municipalities auto dealers Tribal Nations and private businesses 36 FullCharger International founded in 2009 is a French operator of charging stations for electric vehicles with multi territorial networks They offer local authorities and private operators complete solutions buzzword for electric mobility FullCharger ChargePoint Network is the world s largest network across 23 countries FullCharger s target is to pioneer and be the main solution provider in building and operating a multi territorial smart network of the most advanced secure easy to use electric vehicle charging infrastructure through a unique approach bringing added value to public authorities private sector and EV drivers citation needed Hubsta 37 non primary source needed Is a UK based facility for EV users and claims to facilitate connecting to over 55 000 Charge points worldwide and its never been easier to charge your EV or manage your EV charging Network Instavolt is a Hampshire based UK charging network which installs operates and owns rapid EV charging stations Osprey provides EV charging across the UK The network was founded in 2016 as Engenie Electric Vehicle Rapid Charging and in 2020 the name was replaced with Osprey Charging Network Park amp Charge 9 is a European Charging infrastructure for electric vehicles Park amp Charge was founded in 1992 by members of the electric car club in Switzerland ECS 38 Today there is a Park amp Charge at nearly 500 locations in Switzerland Germany Austria the Netherlands and Italy offering a safe and easy way for drivers of electric vehicles to charge their vehicle batteries The locations of the charging stations in Europe will be published in LEMnet 8 internet database which is operated by Park amp Charge Share amp Charge is a Germany based peer to peer network aimed at the sharing of private charging poles in order to make them accessible to everyone as well as billable The peer to peer network comes in an App which includes a map of existing charging poles the possibility to easily register a private charging pole as well as the handling of the payment by Share amp Charge Share amp Charge Website 39 Shell Recharge Solutions citation needed SparkCharge is United States based mobile EV charging company SparkCharge offers portable DC fast chargers The Roadie Portable and charging as a service programs SparkCharge Fleet and SparkCharge OOC The company delivers Level 3 DC fast charging DCFC to the vehicle where it is parked regardless of grid connection capabilities Spark Plug Chargers 40 is an American EV charging company The company offers equipment from BTC Power and Red E Charge ZEF Energy citation needed Zest is an EV charging network operating across the UK Backed by the UK Government s Charging Infrastructure Investment Fund it offers a managed service for EV charging citation needed Automobile manufacturers EditThe Renault Nissan Alliance made agreements by 2010 to promote emission free mobility in France Israel Portugal Denmark and the U S state of Tennessee 41 As of 2010 Nissan planned to install 200 volt level 2 charging stations at 2 200 Nissan dealers in Japan and level 3 fast charging stations at 200 dealers 42 needs update Tesla Motors in March 2009 announced that they were working with a government affiliated partner to set up battery changing stations at various locations to service their Model S platform cars 43 The first Tesla Supercharger stations were unveiled 24 September 2012 44 As of Q4 2021 Tesla reported 3 476 supercharging stations and 31 498 supercharging connectors about 9 connectors per station on average in 44 countries worldwide 45 46 Initiatives by region EditParts of this article those related to Initiatives by region need to be updated The reason given is List of charging locations is current as of 2011 likely impractical to list all stations in 2023 Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information July 2023 Europe Edit The AVERE European Association for Battery Hybrid and Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles was founded in 1978 and is a member of the World Electric Vehicle Association AVERE is also the parent organization of CITELEC Association of European Cities interested in Electric Vehicles and Eurelectric The European Commission has funded the Green Cars Initiative since November 2008 47 In March 2011 the European Commission along with forty two partners from the industries utilities electric car manufacturers municipalities universities and technology and research institutions founded the Green eMotion initiative funded with 41 8 million under the Seventh Research and Development Framework Programme The defined goal is to provide an interoperable electromobility framework to align the ongoing regional and national electromobility initiatives 48 At the same time the partners unveiled the Transport 2050 plan which includes the aim to half the number of conventionally fuelled cars in cities by 2030 and phase them out by 2050 49 In the second position paper March 2011 of the European Automobile Manufacturers Association it is recommended to equip public charging stations with IEC 62196 Type 2 Mode 3 connectors with transitional solutions to be allowed up to 2017 50 Nevertheless multiple socket types IEC 60309 2 Mode 2 types IEC 62196 Mode 3 types Chademo and standard home socket outlets Mode 2 have been deployed already Politics have called for single European wide standard and in case of a market failure the EU will define the infrastructure side requirements by law in 2013 51 As expected from lobbying 52 the European Commission has proposed in January 2013 to only use the Type 2 connector type as the single standard to end prior uncertainty about the charging station equipment in Europe 53 Common standards for electric charging points across Europe must be designed and implemented by December 2015 54 Czech Republic Edit Status Region Provider Number Connector FastCharge Started Updated Comment1 Functional Prague CEZ Group 25 230 V 16 A Type E 400 V 32 A Type 2 2011 20131 Functional other CEZ Group 9 230 V 16 A Type E 400 V 32 A Type 2 2011 2013Power supplier CEZ has announced to have 50 recharging stations to be ready by the end of 2011 55 By June 2012 the company had 14 public and 6 private charging stations installed with more to come in Mlada Boleslav at the Skoda facilities 56 These charging stations use a combination of 230 V mains connector Type E at 16 A and a 400 V three phase Mennekes connector Type 2 at 16 A or 32 A 57 Denmark Norway Edit Status Region Provider Number Connector FastCharge Started Updated Comment1 Functional Denmark Clever 500 Type 2 socket CHAdeMO CCS and AC type2 plug 2012 2015 The largest rapid charge network in Denmark often located near shopping areas 1 Functional Denmark E on 700 Type2 socket CHAdeMO CCS and AC 2013 2015 14 7 locations in both directions RapidChargers located at freeway stops rest is 11 kW AC2 Offline Copenhagen BetterPlace 700 2012 2013 plus 8 fast charge stations and 18 switch stations3 Planned Oslo Copenhangen Move About 50 2013 ThinkThere are 2 major charge point operators in Denmark E on are operating mostly fast chargers only installing rapids at freeways while Clever is installing both fast and rapids in city centers Both E on and Clever is taking part in installing rapid chargers at freeway lay bys with Clever installing 4 of them and E on a total of 20 at 10 different locations 58 Besides E on and Clever local energy companies are installing free to use charge points often only consisting of a CEE plug so the users have to bring their own EVSE box 59 Infrastructure was planned by Better Place and has been installed by Coulomb Technologies for Copenhagen Denmark has enacted policies that create a tax differential between zero emission vehicles and traditional cars 60 to accelerate the transition to electric cars Better Place had announced the network to be complete in December 2012 however the stations and chargers have been switched off due to the bankruptcy of Better Place Danmark A S in June 2013 61 62 By April 2013 the network had consisted of 700 public charging spots 18 battery switch stations and 8 fast charger stations 63 In 2013 E on bought the charge points from Better Place and restarted the network without the battery swap system 64 Norway has a tradition in building electric vehicles based on the Think Car It is popular in Southern Norway Oslo Southern Sweden Gothenburg and Eastern Denmark Copenhagen The concept of the Move About 65 project will provide 60 new Think cars in a test including charging stations in 50 towns in the area until 2013 66 The MoveAbout concept is actually derived from a car sharing system where cars are not offered for purchase but for leasing Estonia Edit Estonia became the first country to complete the deployment of a nationwide electric car charging network and as of December 2013 update is the only country with such geographical coverage 67 68 The Estonian network has the highest concentration of DC chargers in Europe 69 Status Region Provider Number Connector FastCharge Started Updated Comment1 Functional Nationwide G4S 700 CHAdeMO and Type2 AC outlet 200 2012 2013 02 22 coop Mitsubishi ABBThe Estonian government and Kredex launched the charging station network project in 2011 in cooperation with ABB funded partially by the Mitsubishi Corporation 70 71 The nationwide electric car charging network officially opened with 165 fast chargers on 20 February 2013 These chargers were installed in all urban settlements with more than 5 000 inhabitants In addition chargers are installed on the all major roads at intervals of no more than 60 kilometres 37 mi That makes it possible to reach every point within the country without a supply interruption 72 73 All of the Terra 51 CHAdeMO type DC chargers are fast charging only needing between 15 and 30 minutes to fully charge a car s battery 69 France Edit Status Region Provider Number Connector FastCharge Started Updated Comment1 Functional Paris Paris 101 mains 230 V 16 A Marechal 2010 free of charge1 Functional Strasbourg 135 Type 3a 230 V 16 A 2010 Toyota Prius test drive2 Under Construction Ile de France 300 Type 3 2011 Renault Nissan test drive2 Under Construction Western France Vinci Autoroutes 738 2012 coop Renault2 Under Construction Paris Yvelines 200 Type 3 CHAdeMO 20113 Planned Monaco 300 3x 20114 Proposed France EDF 400 000 2015 2010In France Electricite de France EDF and Toyota are installing recharging points for PHEVs on roads streets and parking lots 74 The Renault Nissan Alliance and the largest French electric utility Electricite de France EDF have signed an agreement to promote emission free mobility in France The move aims at offering all electric volume vehicles from 2011 including a countrywide network of battery charging stations 41 The partner Vinci Autoroutes has announced to rebuild 738 car parks along motorways with at least 5 parking lots for charging electric vehicles construction will start at the end of 2011 and the full extent will be reached in 2013 75 The Environment Ministry of France led by Jean Louis Borloo has announced the goal to install 400 000 charging points in France by 2015 76 77 Jean Louis Borloo has assigned 1 5 billion Euros in 2009 to support research and preparations for the first part of the electric vehicle network with 75 000 charging stations 76 78 Meanwhile the pilot project in Paris has started with the introduction of 100 Z E cars The map of charging stations can be downloaded from the city website 79 There are 101 locations with 178 charging points across the town and its suburbs May 2010 The charging points have either Schuko like sockets Type E 2P T or a Marechal plug on spiral cord where both variants are rated at 230 V 16 A mains Schneider Electric supports test drives in France with its charging stations that include a Type 3 EV Plug Alliance connector In Strasbourg 100 Toyota Prius were tested with 135 recharging spots beginning Q1 2010 Type 3 single phase In the suburbs of Paris there will be 300 recharging spots to be installed in Q1 2011 80 In the Projet Kleber the Strasbourg vehicle fleet may use the charging stations of EnBW in Mannheim Karlsruhe Stuttgart and vice versa 81 In Yvelines near Paris the fleet test SAVE Seine Aval Vehicule Electrique was started in April 2011 until September 2011 a number of 200 charging stations will be built 82 The Monaco government has sketched a plan to run a fleet test in 2011 including 300 charging stations and 3 fast charge stations 66 Italy Edit Status Region Provider Number Connector FastCharge Started Updated Comment1 Functional Pisa Enel 35 Type 2 Mode 3 2010 2011 Enel Drive 83 coop Daimler or Renault Nissan1 Functional Rome Enel 59 Type 2 Mode 3 2010 2011 Enel Drive 83 coop Daimler or Renault Nissan1 Functional Milan Bologna Enel 4 Type 2 Mode 3 2010 2011 Enel Drive 83 coop Daimler or Renault Nissan1 Functional Bolzano 4 domestic 2009 2010 E Move 84 solar stations1 Functional Rome Milan Pisa Bologna Enel 40 62 Type 2 Mode 3 2012 E Mobility Italy 85 coop Daimler2 Under Construction Rome Milan Pisa Bologna Enel 400 Type 2 Mode 3 2008 E Mobility Italy 85 coop Daimler3 Planned Parma 300 2011 2012 Zero Emission City Fiat4 Proposed Lombardy Enel 150 2010 coop EDF Endesa Renault Nissan plus 120 private stations The Renault Nissan group including EDF has enlarged its scope with partnering to the Italian utility Enel and Spanish utility Endesa in March 2010 86 Renault Nissan offers a broader range by providing 60 all electric vehicles the Kangoo Express Z E and the Renault Fluence Z E to the new pilot project E Moving in Italy The project will start to install 270 charge points in the Lombardy region including the cities of Milan and Brescia up to June 2010 87 This E Moving network will contain 150 public charging stations to be put up until the end of 2010 88 The Italian Enel company had an early agreement with Daimler to run a test with their Smart line of cars Enel has started the emobility Italy program in cooperation with Daimler in 2008 this program will put up 400 public and private charging stations in Rome Milan and Pisa with charging stations to be built since September 2010 66 89 The project was supposed to start in 2011 with a test run going for 48 months since 5 April 2012 the Smart drive E Mobility program is ready The 100 public charging stations in Rome are built with a three phase Type 2 Mennekes connector 90 while the additional 50 home charging stations are built with a single phase Type 3 Scame connector The E Move charging stations around Bolzano allow for a test drive of connecting solar panels directly to light vehicles for charging 91 The Zero Emission City Parma is a regional project with a 9 million Euro funding to create 300 charging stations along with 900 electric vehicles until 2015 90 The project is expected to go fully operational by the end of 2012 with 300 points of charge installed and 400 450 electric vehicles circulating 92 Germany Edit Status Region Provider Number Connector FastCharge Started Updated Comment1 Functional BDEW energy providers summary 5500 counting publicly accessible stations 2015 93 1 Functional Germany Park amp Charge 115 CEE blue 230 V 16 A 1998 20111 Functional Germany Drehstromnetz 190 CEE blue 230 V 16 A CEE red 400 V 32 A 2006 2011 Drehstromnetz 94 1 Functional Berlin Vattenfall 42 mains 230 V 16 A Type 2 Mode 3 400 V 32 A 2009 2011 MINI E1 Functional Berlin RWE 77 154 mains 230 V 16 A Type 2 Mode 3 400 V 32 A 2009 2010 E Mobility1 Functional Germany ladenetz de 150 95 mains 230 V 16 A Type 2 Mode 3 400 V 32 A 2010 2012 cooperation of municipal utilities1 Functional Rhein Ruhr RWE 165 330 mains 230 V 16 A Type 2 Mode 3 400 V 32 A 2010 2011 E Mobility1 Functional Koeln Bonn RWE 57 114 mains 230 V 16 A Type 2 Mode 3 400 V 32 A 2010 2011 E Mobility1 Functional Rhein Main RWE 34 68 mains 230 V 16 A Type 2 Mode 3 400 V 32 A 2010 2011 E Mobility1 Functional Hamburg RWE Orlen 28 56 mains 230 V 16 A Type 2 Mode 3 400 V 32 A 2010 2011 E Mobility1 Functional other RWE 98 196 mains 230 V 16 A Type 2 Mode 3 400 V 32 A 2010 2011 E Mobility1 Functional Munich E ON 21 mains 230 V 16 A Type 2 was CEEplus 2009 2010 eflott Audi e tron BMW MINI E1 Functional Stuttgart EnBW 25 mains 230 V 16 A 2010 2011 Elektronauten 5001 Functional Stuttgart Karlsruhe EnBW 42 84 mains 230 V 16 A Type 2 Mode 3 2011 MeRegionMobil1 Functional Bavaria Saxonia E ON 8 CCS Combo2 50 kW 2014 96 Schaufenster Elektromobilitat2 Under Construction Germany ladenetz de 100 mains 230 V 16 A Type 2 Mode 3 400 V 32 A 2012 cooperation of municipal utilities2 Under Construction Stuttgart Karlsruhe EnBW 260 mains 230 V 16 A Type 2 Mode 3 400 V 63 A 2011 MeRegioMobil2 Under Construction Munich E ON 200 mains 230 V 16 A Type 2 2011 eflott Audi e tron BMW MINI E2 Under Construction Hamburg Vattenfall 50 mains 230 V 16 A Type 2 Mode 3 400 V 32 A 2011 Green eMobility2 Under Construction Berlin RWE 500 97 Type 2 Mode 3 400 V 32 A 2011 E Mobility2 Under Construction Rhein Ruhr RWE 400 97 Type 2 Mode 3 400 V 32 A 2011 E Mobility coop Renault Nissan3 Planned BDEW energy providers summary 10000 additional publicly accessible stations 2017 98 3 Planned Baden Wurttemberg EnBW 700 2012 Landesinitiative Elektromobilitat nbsp Several Smart electric drive cars charging at the Potsdamer Platz in Berlin nbsp Aral Pulse charging stations in front of a Aral branded BP gasoline stationGermany has four major transmission system operators 50Hertz Amprion TenneT TransnetBW They try to set themselves into the position to sell electricity power to electric vehicle owners by becoming also the operators of the upcoming electric vehicle networks citation needed To that avail they offered partnerships to the German car makers where they provided charging stations for field tests Carmaker Daimler AG and utility RWE AG are running a joint electric car and charging station test project in the German capital Berlin called E Mobility Berlin 99 They have set up 60 charging stations in Berlin September 2009 and are in the process of extending the system to include 500 charging stations 100 Daimler has provided for 100 Smart electric drive cars to the project The second phase started in November 2010 The RWE subsidiary RWE Mobility 101 has created cooperations with the automobilist club ADAC car rental service Sixt and car park provider APCOA to equip all locations with charging stations 102 since mid of 2009 Renault joined the RWE Mobility program in September 2009 whereby the project goals of erecting charging stations were enlarged to mid of 2011 103 Renault s partner Nissan has joined the RWE mobility program on 21 June 2010 announcing that RWE will create a network of 1000 charging stations until the end of the year 2010 focusing on the Berlin and Rhein Ruhr region 104 On 28 August a cooperation with fuel retailer PKN Orlen owning 2700 gasoline stations in Poland Czech Republic and Germany was announced they are starting to equip 30 gasoline stations in Hamburg with charging points for electric vehicles 105 The current list of RWE mobility charging stations contains 500 locations in Germany 50 locations in the Netherlands 11 in Poland and Austria plus a few stations in other neighbouring countries also RWE has switched all of its charging stations to Type 2 sockets 106 Carmaker BMW and utility Vattenfall run a joint electric car and charging test project called MINI E in the German capital Berlin They are in the process of erecting 50 charging stations 107 and the project lends 50 BMW Mini cars to citizens The project started in June 2009 and a second phase has been started in December 2009 108 Up to June 2011 there were 42 public charge points by Vattenfall in Berlin and the company is in the process of building 50 public charge points in Hamburg 109 While the earliest charging stations were using CEEplus sockets the newer charging stations are built to Type 2 Mode 3 sockets 110 Carmaker VW and utility E ON run a joint electric car and charging station test project in the German capital Berlin and in Wolfsburg 111 The Electric Mobility Fleet Test 112 was started as a research project with mostly partners in German universities using the VW hybrid cars to be tested in 2010 E ON has later joined also in the MINI E project providing the infrastructure in Munich which was started in Juli 2009 113 erecting an initial series of 11 charging stations May 2010 enlarging it continuously 21 locations in December 2010 114 The region test in Munich has been extended by BMW i3 and BMW i8 prototypes project i as well as Audi e tron models project eflott in 2011 E ON has announced to provide the eflott project with 200 public charging stations the Munich region 115 Carmaker Daimler the utility EnBW and the government of Baden Wurttemberg have announced on 18 June 2010 to enlarge the Landesinitiative Elektromobilitat program with the e mobility Baden Wurttemberg project that includes erecting 700 charging stations in the state until the end of 2011 116 Additionally there will be 200 electric vehicles added to the test including some electric trucks 116 The government of Baden Wurttemberg has assigned 28 5 million Euros to support EV research up to 2014 116 Meanwhile EnBW has sponsored 500 E Bikes in the Elektronauten project in 2010 which can use 13 charging stations in the Stuttgart region 117 EnBW has claimed to offer 250 charging stations for the Elektronauten 500 project in May 2011 although the map has not been updated 118 119 Bosch has developed a new charging station type for EnBW that is capable for 63A the station was certified on 11 April 2011 by DEKRA 120 and EnBW has announced to install 260 charge stations in the following weeks for MeRegioMobil project in Stuttgart and Karlsruhe 121 In November 2011 the car2go project announced to go to Stuttgart in 2012 EnBW reassured to have 500 charging spots ready in time with the roll out of the car2go vehicles in the second half of 2012 122 The German government has announced to support a fleet of 1 million electric cars in Germany by 2020 There are 500 million Euros assigned to the Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology Germany to support research and pilot projects in Germany The ministry has created a dedicated coordination office in the Gemeinsame Geschaftsstelle Elektromobilitat der Bundesregierung GGEMO Joint Agency for Electric Mobility of the Federal Government which was opened in February 2010 123 The GGEMO has coordinated a partnership program with the German car industry named Nationale Plattform Elektromobilitat NPE inaugurated on 3 May 2010 in the German Chancellery 124 The NPE partnership is supposed to detail the plans for network evolution 125 The technical standardization part is mostly concentrated in the Deutsche Kommission Elektrotechnik DKE of the Association for Electrical Electronic and Information Technologies VDE the Standardization Overview on E Mobility 126 shows a wide range of efforts from electric grid management to the charging station infrastructure to the car charger electronics The NPE partnership has published an interim report on 30 November 2010 showing a test fleet of 2800 electric vehicles and 2500 charging stations in 8 test regions 127 The German government has announced that it will not install a rebate system for the introduction of electric cars but that it will reshape the legal provisions to quickly create a charging station network in Germany Bernd Pischetsrieder formerly Volkswagen points to studies saying that most of the current buyers of electric cars did already own multiple cars so that a rebate plan would merely come out as a subvention of a consumer class that can afford the expense anyway 128 The VDE E mobility congress on the subject was held in Leipzig on 8 9 November 2010 129 During the congress a large consumer study was presented that showed some 64 percent want to buy an electric car The study did also look at the requirements to the charging process 51 percent of consumers in Germany expect a car to be charged in less than 2 hours up to 4 hours is acceptable to 60 percent of consumers 64 percent of consumers expect to charge in their own garage 21 percent want to frequent a central charging station while casual charging in parking lots of shops and company grounds is expected by a mere 6 and 4 percent respectively The maximum travel distance shows mixed results while 53 percent say that 300 km is enough there are also 31 percent who like to travel 450 to 1000 km until required to recharge 130 The interim report of the NPE partnership classifies electric vehicles in 3 categories all electric city cars family cars and light trucks with an electric range for city transport 131 Development is sketched in phases 2010 2013 2014 2017 2018 2020 and post 2020 with the government goal to get 1 million electric cars up to 2020 and 6 million electric cars up to 2030 for comparison there are 44 million cars in Germany in 2010 131 Batteries are not expected to show great advancements in terms of capacity but the safety will increase and the prices will fall to 250 300 kWh in the 2018 2020 time frame 127 In the post 2020 time frame new battery types are expected instead of lithium ion the fourth generation batteries will be introduced to the mobility market including lithium air lithium sulfur and zinc air batteries 131 As for charging stations a wide network of fast charging points is considered possible with 22 kW 400 V 32 A stations to be introduced in 2010 2013 and 44 kW 400 V 63 A stations to be introduced in 2014 2017 131 For the time beyond 2020 there is an expectation of charging stations at 60 kW 400 V DC 150 A allowing to charge the standard 20kWh battery pack to 80 in less than 10 minutes whereas this station type requires integration with smart grid technology and a strict worldwide standard including SAE procedures 131 The early adoptors of electric vehicles are identified to be from the middle class owning multiple cars as well as owning a garage the existence of a public network of charging stations is considered to be not sic a prerequisite for market introduction in the first phases Instead government funds should back the investments in privately owned charging stations for example with faster tax write off and cheap credits from the government KfW bank 131 A preliminary review of the Mercedes RWE test drive in the smart ed project shows the importance of vehicle to grid communications in charging stations as an incentive to charge at night times While most US households own a garage even for small cars the situation is different in Central Europe where public charging stations are needed 132 Switzerland Edit Status Region Provider Number Connector FastCharge Started Updated Comment1 Functional Switzerland Park amp Charge 230 CEE blue 230 V 16 A 1992 20111 Functional Switzerland Plug n Roll 60 Type 2 2016 2017The charging station network in Switzerland is derived from research in solar cars In 1992 the government decided to support a charging station network The network has since extended to neighbouring countries in 2010 the Park amp Charge network in Switzerland Germany and Austria did encompass 500 charging locations 133 additionally there a few charging locations in the Netherlands and Italy Plug n Roll the smart EV charging network in Switzerland Iceland Edit Status Region Provider Number Connector FastCharge Started Updated Comment1 Functional Iceland Orka natturunnar 134 29 Type 1 2017 20201 Functional Iceland Orka natturunnar 134 99 Type 2 2017 20201 Functional Iceland Orka natturunnar 134 42 CCS 2017 20201 Functional Iceland Orka natturunnar 134 42 CHAdeMo 2017 20201 Functional Iceland Isorka 135 408 Various 2017 20201 Functional Iceland Various 136 23 Various 2017 2020Iceland has two major operators of public electric charging stations Isorka and Orka natturunnar At launch both stations did not charge for electricity at their stations but Orka natturunnar started charging on 1 February 2018 137 and Isorka started charging on 18 August 2017 138 A payment card is needed from these vendors to use their stations As of 2018 update there are 31 stations from Orka natturunnar 139 as of 2020 update there are 408 stations from Isorka 135 and as of 2019 update there are 23 towns and hotels with independent public charging stations 136 Ireland Edit Status Region Provider Number Connector FastCharge Started Updated Comment1 Functional Ireland ESB ecars 140 1000 Type 2 Mode 3 22 kW 3 Phase 230 V 2010 20141 Functional Ireland ESB ecars 140 46 50 kW CHAdeMO DC 2010 20141 Functional Ireland ESB ecars 140 6 50 kW CCS DC 2010 2014 Existing CHAdeMO DC units are being upgraded to tri standard DC AC2 Under Construction Ireland ESB ecars 140 500 Type 2 Mode 3 22 kW 3 Phase 230 V 2010 20142 Under Construction Ireland ESB ecars 140 40 50 kW CCS DC 2010 2014 Existing CHAdeMO DC units are being upgraded to tri standard DC ACIn 2009 2010 the Irish Government and electric utility Electricity Supply Board ESB entered into tripartite agreements with major electric vehicle manufacturers Renault Nissan 141 Mitsubishi Motors 142 Toyota 143 and PSA Peugeot Citroen 144 to promote the uptake of electric vehicles in Ireland The Irish government has instituted a package of measures 145 including a 5 000 grant US 7 158 to assist with purchasing the vehicle exemption from vehicle registration tax and accelerated capital allowances to promote electric vehicle purchase In 2013 the Irish government withdrew the EV vehicle registration tax exemption and replaced it with a 5 000 discount on the tax 146 New conditions were also added to the SEAI EV Grant which reclassified private EV purchases via Hire Purchase or car loan as a commercial purchase effectively reducing the EV grant to 3 500 for all non cash buyers As a result of these changes EV sales fell in 2013 to only 58 units 147 ESB is providing the charging network which will be made up of 46 fast charging 50 kW DC stations located at intervals on inter urban national primary routes 1 500 medium speed 22 kW AC public charging points distributed across all towns with population over 1500 and home chargers 3 6 kW 1F 16A at no cost to the first 2 000 grant qualifying electric car owners The first station of the charger network was commissioned in August 2010 148 At the end of 2011 the charging station map shows 50 AC charging places plus 10 DC stations the AC chargers will be built to Type 2 sockets however some older charging spots still need to be rebuilt 149 As of 2014 all 46 CHAdeMO fast chargers are operational and are slowly being replaced by tri standard units capable of CHAdeMO CCS and 44 kW AC power Analysis of the charge station network as of 2016 150 showed that the installed network coverage was extensive but weak with respect to fault resilience Luxembourg Edit This section may rely excessively on sources too closely associated with the subject potentially preventing the article from being verifiable and neutral Please help improve it by replacing them with more appropriate citations to reliable independent third party sources May 2022 Learn how and when to remove this template message Status Region Provider Number Connector FastCharge Started Updated Comment1 Functional Luxembourg Chargy 151 600 Type 2 Mode 3 up to 22 kW AC 2016 2021 Only 460 chargers are publicly accessible2 Under Construction Luxembourg SuperChargy 151 88 Type 2 CCS 160 kW to 320 kW DC 2021 2021There is a national network of accelerated charging stations under the brand name of Chargy A network of fast chargers is being constructed under the name of SuperChargy 152 The Netherlands Edit nbsp Charging station along a canal in AmsterdamIn 2009 the City of Amsterdam announced it will set up 200 charging stations by 2012 153 In the first step the city will put up 100 stations from Coulomb Technologies in cooperation with Dutch utility Nuon and grid company Alliander 153 The project Amsterdam Elektrisch 154 project includes 100 street side charging stations plus 100 charging stations at car parks 155 The first one was put up on 6 November 2009 the 100th street side charging station became operational on 4 March 2011 with also over 100 charging stations at car parks 156 In April 2011 the City of Amsterdam announced the expansion of the street side charging network with another 1000 charging stations to be installed by Essent and a joint venture of Nuon and Heijmans 157 The Dutch government created the Formula E Team a working group collaborating with local governments private companies and research institutes to create national and regional electric vehicle initiatives The Foundation E Laad nl has the ambitious plan to put up 10 000 charging points by 2012 66 The Dutch government and the regional grid companies help Foundation E laad nl to put up a charging station network adding 65 million Euro investment support in the timeframe 2009 to 2011 158 The point of 500 charging stations distributed over 125 communities was reached on 24 June 159 The point of 1000 charging stations was reached on 8 December 2011 160 1500 on 2 May 2012 161 and 2500 on 22 August 2013 162 According to the roadmap of Formula E Team the office has been created and the first RFI has started in August 2010 the results will be published in early November for comments and proposals with a definite guide for the infrastructure to be published in March 2011 The integration tests will run in mid of 2011 and the back office system for the networked charging stations to go live in late 2011 along with the Charge Authority Board for further development 163 On 19 July 2010 the Formula E Team has resolved that charge points in the Netherlands will be equipped with Type 2 Mode 3 sockets based on a decision by providers from 9 April 2010 that will replace the earlier 5 pin CEE red sockets 164 165 The Netherlands is one of the first European markets for the Nissan Leaf 166 It is also the first European country to adopt stations for the level 3 fast charging supported by the Leaf Epyon has unveiled the first charging station at a gasoline station in Leeuwarden in the northern province of Friesland 167 168 169 Year 170 Regular public charging points Regular semi public Fast charging2013 3512 2249 1062014 5421 6439 2542015 7395 10391 4652016 11768 14320 6122017 15288 17587 7552018 20228 15633 11162019 27773 21747 12522020 05 32331 24527 13082020 06 33280 24954 13332020 07 34529 25406 1462Poland Edit Status Region Provider Number Connector FastCharge Started Updated Comment1 Functional Warsaw RWE 11 mains 230 V 16 A Type 2 Mode 3 400 V 32 A 2010 E Mobility2 Under Construction Warsaw GreenStream 130 CEE blue 230 V 16 A 2011 RWE2 Under Construction Zielona Gora easyPoint 130 Ekoenergetyka Zachod3 Planned Warsaw Gdansk Katowice Krakow Mielec GreenCars 330 2020 RWERWE and the Green Stream Cluster 171 have started in June 2010 to put up a network of 130 charging stations in Warsaw 66 The Grean Stream Cluster project will run until mid of 2011 172 The Green Stream Cluster will put up overall 330 charging stations in five cities Warsaw Gdansk Katowice Krakow and Mielec 172 Ekoenergetyka Zachod 173 works on an electric vehicle network in the western cities of Zielona Gora Grunberg Sulechow Pila Schneidemuhl und Sieradz 172 Portugal Edit Status Region Provider Number Connector FastCharge Started Updated Comment1 Functional Portugal MOBI E 100 20102 Under Construction Portugal MOBI E 1300 50x 2011 coop Renault NissanRenault Nissan have signed a contract with MOBIE Tech that was started back in 2008 There shall be 1300 new charging stations and 50 fastcharge stations within the 2011 timeframe 66 The government wants to enlarge to renewable energy sector up to 60 and usage of electric vehicles is considered an important strategy to cut dependency on imports The MOBI E network has installed 100 charging stations and it is deploying 1300 charging stations as well as 50 fast charge stations in 25 cities up to June 2011 174 The MOBI E stations work with magnetic stripe card and bills are sent to the cell phone the government hopes to export the concept to other countries 175 Slovenia Edit Status Region Provider Number Connector FastCharge Started Updated Comment1 Functional Ljubljana municipal utilities 22 Schuko 16 A 230 V Type 2 32 A 2012 elektro crpalkeAn overview of available charging stations is provided by polni si 176 the biggest providers are Dravske Elektrarne Maribor Elektro Celje Elektro Gorenjska Elektro Ljubljana Elektro Maribor Elektro Primorska and Petrol 177 The municipal works Elektro Ljubljana 178 provides a number of public charging stations in the elektro crpalke 179 network based on 400 V 32 A type or the domestic socket type Schuko Spain Edit Status Region Provider Number Connector FastCharge Started Updated Comment1 Functional Barcelona Endesa 55 Schuko 16 A 230 V 2010 Live Barcelona1 Functional Galicia 14 7 Mode 3 IEC 62196 Type 2 16 A 230 V Chademo 2011 BlueMobility for the Plan Mobega2 Under Construction Barcelona Endesa 191 Schuko 16 A 230 V 2012 MOVELE2 Under Construction Endesa 53x Chademo 20122 Under Construction Madrid Telefonica 30 2011 MOVELE3 Planned Sevilla Madrid Barcelona Endesa 546 Schuko 16 A 230 V 2014 MOVELE nbsp Telefonica phone booths are offering EV recharging nbsp Charging station of Endesa in Barcelona 2011In Madrid Spain a trial project will convert 30 former telephone boxes into charging points for electric cars They are considered suitable since telephone boxes are generally located at the roadside and are already connected to the electricity supply network They would form part of a planned network of 546 charging points in Madrid Barcelona and Seville subsidised by the Spanish Government 180 The charging grid is created for the MOVELE pilot project of the Institute for Diversification and Saving of Energy Instituto para la Diversificacion y Ahorro de la Energia IDAE that is also providing for 2 000 electric vehicles to the field test 181 182 The Spanish government has committed itself to have 1 million electric vehicles fully electric and hybrid cars in Spain by 2014 182 MOVELE network 183 Sevilla Madrid Barcelona TOTALcharging points 75 280 191 546station costs 488 498 1 366 000 704 666 2 559 164IDAE funding 144 000 586 000 287 000 1 017 000The Chairman of Endesa Borja Prado together with a former mayor of Madrid Alberto Ruiz Gallardon and the Chairman of Telefonica Cesar Alierta have the phone booth in Madrid which can also be used for recharging electric vehicles Reserved parking spaces will be located next to this and all other booths set up in Metropolitan areas where users will be able to park their EVs and recharge at no cost once they have obtained their free zero emissions pre paid card from the Madrid city council 184 The Live Barcelona 185 map sponsored by the Barcelona city council the Energy state department of Catalonia utility Endesa car maker Seat lists 138 charging spots in Barcelona with 55 of them functional February 2011 In September 2011 Endesa signed agreements with Mitsubishi Renault Nissan and the Japanese Chademo Foundation on the promotion of fast charge stations 186 Endesa will hold the Chademo Europe chair As a consequence Endesa will deploy two types of public charging spots conventional charging 16 A 230 V AC Schuko type 187 and rapid charging 125 A 400 V DC Chademo type 188 In October 2011 Endesa ordered 53 rapid charging stations to be built by GE in strategic places in Spain 189 The Galicia region is creating a research cluster Cluster de Empresas de Automocion de Galicia Ceaga The infrastructure side Plan Mobega Plan de movilidad electrica de Galicia includes the implementation of a network of multifunctional electromobility stations located at rent a car stations The current installation includes 7 Multifunctional Electromobility stations 190 which are located in the main metropolitan areas of Galicia and a fleet of 28 electric vehicles The project was started in September 2011 and will continue until Enero 2013 United Kingdom Edit Status Region Provider Number Connector FastCharge Started Updated Comment1 Functional UK Osprey Charging 250 Type 2 and CHAdeMO 50 kW DC CCS 50 kW 175 kW DC 2016 2021 High power rapid charging1 Functional England North East Elektromotive 400 BS 1363 230 V 13 A 2010 2012 One NorthEast1 Functional England Other Elektromotive 287 BS 1363 230 V 13 A 2007 20111 Functional Scotland Elektromotive 120 BS 1363 230 V 13 A 2010 20121 Functional England Zero Carbon World 166 191 BS 1363 230 V 13 A CEE blue 230 V 32 A and Type 2 Mode 3 230 V 32 A 2010 2012 High power and free to use1 Functional London Siemens 1300 BS 1363 230 V 13 A 230 V 32 A 192 2011 2013 Source London1 Functional UK Ecotricity network since taken over by Gridserve 544 Type 2 Mode 3 480 V 32 A 3 phase and CHAdeMO 50 100 kW DC CCS 50 350 kW DC 2011 2022 Rapid charging located at Motorway service area s to allow inter city travel1 Functional UK BP Pulse 778 Type 2 Mode 3 480 V 32 63 A 3 phase and CHAdeMO 50 100 kW DC CCS 50 150 kW DC 2008 2022 Nationwide charging network formerly known as Polar taken over by BP 1 Functional UK Gridserve 300 193 CHAdeMO 50 100 kW DC CCS 50 350 kW DC 2017 2022 Rapid charging located at UK Motorway Service Areas1 Functional UK Instavolt 683 CHAdeMO 50 100 kW DC CCS 50 350 kW DC 2016 2022 Rapid charging located at shopping centres pubs cafes restaurants2 Under Construction Elektromotive 4000 BS 1363 230 V 13 A 20122 Under Construction Scotland funding program 44 Type 2 Mode 3 230 V 32 A Type 2 Mode 3 400 V 32 A and CHAdeMO 70 kW or 50 kW DC 2012 2013 Plugged In Places grant with deadline 31 March 2013 194 3 Planned London North East 2500 2012 plus 11 000 private stations3 Planned London 2500 2015 plus 22 000 private stations3 Planned Central Scotland the East of England Greater Manchester Milton Keynes the North East of England Northern Ireland funding program 8500 2015 Plugged In Places counting home work and public charging stations3 Planned Zero Carbon World 1000 BS 1363 230 V 13 A Type 2 Mode 3 230 V 32 A 195 2012 donation programElectricite de France is partnering with Elektromotive Ltd 196 to install 250 new charging points over six months from October 2007 in London and elsewhere in the UK 197 By November 2011 there are 687 Electrobay charging stations 200 in London and it plans to build 4000 charging points throughout 2012 198 Elektromotive has provided 400 public access charge points to the Charge your Car network of One NorthEast in 2010 199 and it has installed more than 120 charge points across Scotland 200 The Renault Nissan Alliance and UK company Elektromotive 201 a provider of electric vehicle recharging stations are collaborating in the Partnership for Zero Emission Mobility with the aim of accelerating the installation of charging networks for plug in vehicles in cities The Alliance and Elektromotive have signed a Memorandum of Understanding 202 A fleet of electric cars and charge points will be rolled out across Coventry England as part of a multimillion pound pilot project 203 The Department for Transport DfT announced in April 2009 that 230 million would be allocated to incentivise the market uptake of EVs in the UK The scheme will become operational in 2011 and each EV purchaser could receive a rebate of between 2 000 5 000 Electric vehicles are exempt from purchase and annual vehicle tax From April 2010 purchasers of an average new car Band G will pay a one off 155 showroom tax and an annual vehicle tax of 155 EVs are tax free 204 On 25 February 2010 London the North East region and Milton Keynes were selected to be the lead places for electric vehicle infrastructure In total their plans will result in over 2 500 charge points in the first year and over 11 000 in the next three years at a variety of publicly accessible car parks transport hubs and workplaces 205 The London mayor called for an E revolution in March 2009 and he presented the Electric Delivery Plan for London in May 2009 204 The plan projects 25 000 charging points London by 2015 including 500 on street 2000 off street in car parks and 22 000 privately owned locations London itself will buy 1000 electric vehicles up to 2015 Owners of an electric car will not need to pay the Congestion Charge for the city of London being worth up to 1 700 a year At that point May 2009 London already had 100 charge points in public places which will be increased to 250 by 2012 Beginning 2011 20 of new lots in car parks must have access to a charging outlet Additionally the parking in the Westminster boroughs will be free for electric vehicles saving the user up to 6 000 a year and a flat rate of 200 electricity cost is charged for the usage of public outlets in Westminster As of February 2011 the Source London project has contracted Siemens to build a network of public charging stations in London At least 1 300 charging points will be installed by the end of 2013 in public locations and streets across the Capital Transport for London TfL has also finalised a contract that will see Siemens manage the operation of the network and registration of drivers The deal between TfL and Siemens will see Siemens run the Source London back office to March 2014 at no cost 206 Up to July 2011 there were 180 charging stations 207 and in November 2011 more than 200 208 The number of charging stations reached 790 in October 2012 with plans to increase that to 1300 in 2013 209 The goal of 1300 publicly accessible charging stations was met on 16 May 2013 210 In July 2011 a charity called Zero Carbon World announced their Charge Points Everywhere network their aim is to help business s install free to use charge points on their business s with the implicit understanding the person using the charge point will use the services of that business The connections themselves are standard 32 and 13amp connectors and the inclusion of the 32amp connector means that car with powerful chargers such as Tesla can charge much faster than with the 13a connectors on the majority of chargers 211 On 15 February 2012 the alliance announce to donate 1000 charging stations for free adding up on the existing 76 charging stations that are already deployed 212 The Plugged In Places program of the Department of Transport offers grants for charging station networks in the United Kingdom The development plan identifies 8 regions to be in a strategic focus Central Scotland the East of England Greater Manchester Milton Keynes the North East of England and Northern Ireland with a target of 8500 chargepoints 213 Following the ACEA position paper the government program favours moving to a dedicated recharging connector of Type 2 Mode 3 213 Referring to the PIP program an open tender in Newcastle upon Tyne identifies the goal to have 75 of the charging stations to offer Type 2 Mode 3 sockets including to switch over existing charging stations to that type 214 The UK has limited electric vehicle charging network roaming providers Paua and AllStar provides this service for businesses 215 216 North America Edit United States Edit Status Region Provider Number clarification needed Connector FastCharge Started Updated Comment1 Functional U S Alternative Fuels Data Center Summary 7902 1992 April2014 USA wide1 Functional Nationwide Tesla 9 233 217 Tesla 63 250 kW 2010 Nov 2020 In 933 stations 1 Functional Nationwide Electrify America1 Functional Portland Portland G Electric 20 SAE J1772 218 219 2008 20101 Functional California Seattle Texas Florida Maryland Virginia Georgia Hawaii Washington D C SemaConnect SAE J1772 Level II 240 V 30 A 2010 2014 SemaConnect1 Functional California ChargePoint 580 SAE J1772 Level II 240 V 30 A 2010 2012 Coulomb Tech1 Functional Washington State ChargePoint 237 SAE J1772 Level II 240 V 30 A 2011 2012 Coulomb Tech1 Functional Chicago Area JNS Power 350 SAE J1772 Level II 240 V 30 A 2011 2012 Coulomb Tech1 Functional Boston ChargePoint 108 SAE J1772 Level II 240 V 30 A 2011 2012 Coulomb Tech1 Functional New York New Jersey ChargePoint 128 SAE J1772 Level II 240 V 30 A 2011 2012 Coulomb Tech1 Functional Washington DC Baltimore ChargePoint 164 SAE J1772 Level II 240 V 30 A 2011 2012 Coulomb Tech1 Functional Florida ChargePoint 275 SAE J1772 Level II 240 V 30 A 2011 2012 Coulomb Tech1 Functional San Antonio Houston ChargePoint 261 SAE J1772 Level II 240 V 30 A 2011 2012 Coulomb Tech1 Functional San Diego EV Project 261 SAE J1772 Level II 240 V 2012 ECOtality1 Functional Seattle EV Project 407 SAE J1772 Level II 240 V 2012 ECOtality1 Functional Houston EV Project 177 SAE J1772 Level II 240 V 2012 ECOtality1 Functional Tennessee EV Project 365 SAE J1772 Level II 240 V 2012 ECOtality1 Functional South Carolina EATON 100 SAE J1772 some of them 2010 state program1 Functional Dallas Houston EVgo 15 SAE J1772 2010 EVgo1 Functional Hawaii BetterPlace 140 200 2011 2012 DEBDT program2 Under Construction SF Bay Area 109 2010 California ARB2 Under Construction San Diego EV Project 1500 SAE J1772 220 V 2012 ECOtality2 Under Construction Texas EVgo 50 SAE J1772 2010 EVgo2 Under Construction California EVgo 200 SAE J1772 2012 EVgo2 Under Construction Detroit New York Wash DC California Washington Austin ChargePoint 4600 SAE J1772 optional 2011 2012 Coulomb Tech3 Planned San Diego Arizona Seattle Oregon Tennessee Dallas EV Project 6350 SAE J1772 220 V 310x Level 3 DC 2012Q4 ECOtality3 Out of service California Arizona GM EV1 500 mains 110 V MagneCharge 220 V 30 A 1996 2001 program cancelledInfrastructure has been installed by Coulomb Technologies in Arizona California San Francisco San Jose Walnut Creek and Sonoma Colorado Washington D C Florida Chicago Illinois Massachusetts Detroit Michigan Minneapolis Minnesota New York City Cary North Carolina Ohio Portland Oregon Nashville Tennessee Texas Seattle Washington Wisconsin Gilbarco Veeder Root are partnering with Coulomb to advance public charging facilities Gilbarco exhibited Coulomb Technologies Smartlet Charging Station at the National Association of Convenience Stores NACS show in October 2008 220 At the end of 2008 Coulomb Technologies planned to roll out five curbside charging stations in downtown San Jose that drivers can access through a prepaid plan The company was working with entities in Las Vegas Nevada New York and Florida to do something similar there 221 Coulomb Technologies has announced to provide 1000 free public charging stations until December 2010 222 They also plan to expand its ChargePoint America network 223 to 4600 free home and public level 2 charging stations until October 2011 in nine regions Austin Texas Detroit Michigan Los Angeles California New York New York Orlando Florida Sacramento California the San Jose San Francisco Bay Area California Redmond Washington and Washington DC 222 The 37 million ChargePoint America program is made possible by a 15M grant funded by the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act through the Transportation Electrification Initiative administered by the Department of Energy So far 149 stations are operational according to the ChargePoint map 51 stations are in California 224 New York joins the ChargePoint network building more than 100 charging stations in public places until October 2011 225 226 In April 2012 the first milestone of the Chargepoint America program has been reached with Colulomb Technologies having delivered 2400 public and commercial charging stations the actual installation of its Level 2 240 V 30 A stations in the 10 participating regions will continue 227 Infrastructure is planned by Better Place for Hawaii Oregon and California the San Francisco Bay area Sacramento San Jose Los Angeles San Diego and the highway and freeway corridors between them 228 229 Other companies that are building charging stations throughout the U S are ECOtality 230 and SolarCity 231 In the initial phase of The EV Project 232 of ECOtality there are 11 participating cities Phoenix AZ Tucson AZ San Diego CA Portland OR Eugene OR Salem OR Corvallis OR Seattle WA Nashville TN Knoxville TN and Chattanooga TN 233 The contract for the EV Project was signed on 1 October 2009 with the US Department of Energy and it includes 8 300 Level 2 chargers installed in owner s homes 6 350 Level 2 chargers installed in commercial and public locations and 310 Level 3 DC fast chargers 234 The EV project will run for 36 months The public charging stations will be put up beginning in summer 2010 Texas has joined the EV Project in July 2010 235 San Diego will take a share of 1 500 public charging stations and 1 000 home base charging points 236 237 The first milestone of The EV Project has been reached in April 2012 238 Portland General Electric installs 12 electric vehicle charging stations in Portland and Salem Oregon until September 2008 239 and it has installed 20 charging stations by 2010 as part of a demonstration project to develop the transportation infrastructure needed to support electric vehicles and plug in cars NRG Energy has announced to create a network of 50 charging stations in northern Texas under the EVgo brand 240 In March 2012 the company announced to build a network of 200 fast charging stations in California over the next four years 241 By 30 Dec 2015 EVgo has installed over 1 000 chargers in over 25 markets 242 NRG EVgo has developed partnerships to build infrastructure and offer complimentary charging with Nissan 243 BMW 244 and Ford 245 In Virginia with the participation of the Town of Wytheville and several businesses Plugless Power inductive charging stations began field testing in March 2010 246 South Carolina has unveiled its Plug in Carolina program including 100 public charging stations in December 2010 247 In San Antonio TX a downtown church Travis Park United Methodist Church made Level 1 charging available in its parking lot in 2009 248 The DBEDT ministry of Hawaii had a state rebate program EV Ready Grant that was funded by the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act the program was offering 4500 for a full speed commercially available electric vehicle and 500 for electric vehicle chargers 249 The EV Ready Grant program is followed by the EV Ready Rebate program offering 20 of the purchase price with a maximum of 4500 for a full speed commercially available electric vehicle and 30 of the purchase prices with a maximum of 500 for electric vehicle chargers 250 Charging equipment is expected follow the standards including SAE J1772 250 The designated Transportation Working Group expects 200 charging stations to be available in 2010 251 In February 2012 it was announced to have Betterplace activate its multi island network of 130 charging stations Oahu Maui Kauai and the Big Island 252 The Hawaii rebate program is being continued with having reached a score of 372 funded vehicles and 246 chargers and by April 2012 approximately 220 charging stations have been installed as part of the EV Ready Grant Program 253 The Hawaii station database 254 lists the 200 public charging stations in 80 locations that were available up to March 2012 about 140 have been installed by BetterPlace 255 In California the car maker Tesla has put up 18 public charging stations 256 Within the SF Bay Area Activities amp Coalition has identified 109 locations to put up public charging stations beginning 2009 based on funding by ARRA 257 The last California ZEV Program Review symposium 258 was held on 23 September 2009 the next one is scheduled for late summer 2010 259 In the past there had been a charging station network to support the General Motors EV1 that had installed 500 public charging station 260 The U S Department of Energy offers a list of locations of the available alternative fuel infrastructure The historic trend summary 1992 2010 shows a total of 541 electric charging locations by 2010 which had been still lower than the peak count of 873 charging locations in 2002 261 As of November 2020 update the total count of public electric charge stations in the United States had increased to 27 458 262 Electrify America operates one of the largest public electric vehicle DC fast charging networks in the United States with more than 500 charging locations and over 2 200 individual charging units as of 2020 The company expects to install or have under development approximately 800 stations with about 3 500 DC fast chargers by December 2021 263 Canada Edit Status Region Provider Number Connector FastCharge Started Updated Comment1 Functional National Sun Country Highway 1000 varies No 2012 Includes entire length of the Trans Canada Highway main route 1 Functional National FLO 2 127 SAE J1772 50 kW CCS CHAdeMO 2011 2020 Members can access chargers of The Electric Circuit and eCharge BC Hydro EV ChargePoint networks 264 1 Functional Quebec The Electric Circuit 2 389 265 SAE J1772 50 kW CCS CHAdeMO 2012 2020 Members can access chargers of FLO and eCharge networks1 Functional British Columbia BC Hydro EV 266 60 267 CHAdeMO yes 2011 2016 New stations will be dual standard CHAdeMO CCS existing ones will be upgraded1 Functional Vancouver City of Vancouver 78 SAE J1772 1 station 2011 2016 1 CHAdeMO charger installed at Empire Fields1 Functional New Brunswick eCharge 79 SAE J1772 50 kW CCS CHAdeMO 2017 2020 Members can access chargers of the FLO and The Electric Circuit networksIn 2012 a series of free public electric vehicle charging stations were installed along the main route of the Trans Canada Highway by a private company Sun Country Highway permitting electric vehicle travel across the entire length as demonstrated by the company s president in a publicity trip in a Tesla Roadster As of 2012 update this made it the longest electric vehicle ready highway in the world 268 269 The same company also partnered with Canadian rural hardware retailer Peavey Mart to add free public charging stations to its 29 stores across Western Canada 270 and includes chargers located at Best Western hotels in Canada and the US on its online map of EV charging stations As of 2013 update the company s total network was over 700 chargers with plans to reach 1000 chargers by year end 270 From 2011 to 2014 the City of Vancouver installed 271 publicly accessible Level 2 charging stations in a variety of locations including community centres shopping malls curbside and other locations throughout the city In 2008 the city changed the Building Bylaw to require 20 of parking stalls in apartments and condos and all stalls in houses to be electric vehicle ready In 2013 the bylaw was updated so that 10 of stalls in mixed use and commercial buildings are also ready for electric vehicles In a March 2016 news release 272 the Government of British Columbia stated that the CEV Program 273 investments have supported over 550 public Level 2 charging stations and 30 DC fast charging stations South America Edit Brazil Edit As of 2022 Brazil had around 1 250 stations with 47 stations concentrated in the state of Sao Paulo 274 Uruguay Edit In January 2016 UTE opened the first charging station in Montevideo exclusive for taxis 275 In December 2017 UTE and Ancap opened a charging station network that connects Colonia del Sacramento Rosario Puntas de Valdez Montevideo San Luis and Punta del Este with stations every 65 km The stations at the Carrasco Airport and Colonia have 43 kW whereas the other stations have 22 kW 276 Asia Edit China Edit Status Region Provider Number Connector FastCharge Started Updated Comment1 Functional Beijing outskirts North China Grid 100 240 V 2010 plus 3 stations2 Under Construction 27 cities State Grid Corp 75 stations 2010 dozens of outlets per station2 Under Construction Zhejiang State Grid Corp 7 200 173 stations 2011 dozens of outlets per station3 Planned State Grid Corp 6 209 2010 plus some battery swap stations4 Proposed State Grid Corp 220 000 2351 stations 2015China s first large electric charging station for electric vehicles the Tangshan Nanhu EV Charging Station was put into service on 31 March 2010 Five cities in northern Hebei province Tangshan Zhangjiakou Qinhuangdao Langfang and Chengde want to build three charging stations and 100 charging poles in 2010 277 Shandong is the province with most car manufacturers in China The province planned to start in May 2010 with a charging station for 45 cars According to China s State Grid Corporation 75 electric vehicle charging stations are planned in 27 cities across China by the end of 2010 278 279 Additionally 6 209 charging posts and some battery replacement stations had been planned for 2010 279 The State Grid Corporation China announced success in distributing 7 031 charge poles in Hangzhou Jinhua and wants to add 211 additional charging poles in 2011 along with 173 charging stations citation needed China is planning on installing 10 million electric vehicle charging stations by 2020 280 281 In the 12th Five Year Plan 2011 2015 China wants to deploy 2 351 charge and replacement power stations and 220 000 charge spots 282 The reason is to get rid of crude oil imports which makes for 54 percent of the oil usage and cars accounted for 40 percent of national oil consumption 2010 Japan Edit Infrastructure is planned by Better Place and Nissan for Yokohama 283 Singapore Edit Infrastructure is planned by Robert Bosch 284 and Keppel Energy for Singapore 285 Middle East Edit Israel Edit Status Region Provider Number Connector FastCharge Started Updated Comment1 Functional Tel Aviv BetterPlace 1 2010 BetterPlace demo center1 Functional Israel Gnrgy 4 20112 Under Construction Israel BetterPlace 200 2011 behind time2 Under Construction Israel Gnrgy 25 20113 Planned Israel BetterPlace 400 and 40 swap stations 2011 coop Renault3 Planned Israel Gnrgy 500 20124 Proposed Israel BetterPlace 220 2011 coop Israel RailwaysIsrael has enacted policies that create a tax differential between zero emission vehicles and traditional cars to accelerate the transition to electric cars 286 Better Place began to build its first electric vehicle network in Israel in conjunction with French car maker Renault 287 The company conducted its first market tests in Israel Denmark and Hawaii 288 because their small size also made them suitable as test markets 289 Better Place opened its first functional charging station in Israel the first week of December 2008 at Cinema City in Pi Glilot and additional stations were planned in Tel Aviv Haifa Kfar Saba Holon and Jerusalem 290 In March 2011 Better Place presented a detailed plan for network construction including 40 battery swap stations and 400 charging stations across Israel 200 locations were said to be under construction or planned at the end of 2011 291 but that goal was not reached On 26 May 2013 Better Place filed for bankruptcy in Israel having terminated its projects in most markets Gnrgy originally a producer of mobile charging solutions buzzword entered the market as an alternative to Betterplace On 29 February 2012 it partnered with Pango provider of parking billing solutions buzzword to set up a series of charging stations throughout Israel 292 Oceania Edit Australia Edit Status Region Provider Number Connector FastCharge Started Updated Comment1 Functional Melbourne Canberra Sydney ChargePoint 20 AS 3112 230 V 15 A SAE J1772 293 230 V 32 A 2010 2012 1 additional non public demo station1 Functional Brisbane Townsville Adelaide Perth ChargePoint 16 SAE J1772 293 2011 20121 Functional Perth project foundation 23 Type 2 Mode 3 415 V 32 A 240 V 32 A 2010 2012 REV Project University of Western Australia 1 Functional Melbourne ECOtality Exigency 1 AS 3112 230 V 15 A SAE J1772 2010 140 William St car park3 Planned Melbourne Sydney Brisbane highway corridor Tesla Motors 16 2014 2016 294 4 Proposed Melbourne Sydney Canberra Newcastle BetterPlace 20 SAE J1772 2012 2013Australia currently has thirteen electric vehicle charging stations across Sydney Melbourne and Canberra from Coulomb Technologies They opened in 2010 and 2011 293 One charge point from ECOtality has been installed in the car park at 140 William Street in Melbourne CBD with Exigency 295 providing project management and metering ChargePoint has expanded its service to eight cities by 2012 Perth 3 Adelaide 5 Melbourne 10 Canberra 2 Sydney 8 Brisbane 6 Townsville 3 Hobart 1 293 Construction of infrastructure charging spots and battery switching stations had been proposed by Better Place for the major cities Melbourne Sydney and Brisbane Australia would have become the third country in the world to have an electric car network in a bid to run the country s 15 million cars on batteries powered by green energy under a plan announced in October 2008 296 Better Place filed for bankruptcy in Israel on 25 May shortly after pulling out of Australia 297 298 The original plan to deploy as much as 200 000 charging stations was stopped in January 2013 after just 20 public charge spots had been installed 299 In May 2011 CO2 Smart has completed a fast recharge network in test city Perth Electromotive has provided 11 dual headed IEC compatible fast charge stations at 32A to be used with the CO2 Smart of the test fleet 300 301 In the test drive the European connectors have been preferred over the American connectors since Australia like Europe does have three phase power at 415 V in most home locations 301 The fast charge outlets connect with a special 8 pin IEC compatible round connector integrating single phase and three phase power 302 303 The project of the University of Western Australia was continued with 23 public charging stations available by September 2012 featuring Type 2 connectors at 32 A 304 305 United States EV manufacturer Tesla Motors formally launched in Australia in December 2014 announcing their intention to build their supercharger network along the highway between Melbourne Canberra and Sydney by the end of 2015 and extending to Brisbane by the end of 2016 294 See also Edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Electrically powered transport Better Place Charging station Coulomb Technologies SemaConnect Tesla Supercharger Tritium Charging DCFC LimitedReferences Edit Lambert Fred 14 November 2020 Tesla opens world s largest Supercharger station Electrek Retrieved 20 November 2020 Go Electric Stations Charging stations for electric vehicles Archived from the original on 28 December 2013 Retrieved 27 December 2013 Go Electric Stations goelectricstations com accessed 2 September 2019 Plugsurfing Charge your EV and find Charging Stations Open Charge Map the global public registry of electric vehicle charging locations EVChargerMaps Archived from the original on 30 April 2009 Retrieved 7 October 2009 EV Charger News Home Archived from the original on 30 September 2009 Retrieved 7 October 2009 a b LEMNET Charging Stations for Electric Vehicles lemnet org Retrieved 2 September 2019 a b Park amp Charge Ladeinfrastruktur die einfacher kaum geht park charge net accessed 2 September 2019 Alargador org Puntos de Recarga de Coches Electricos Archived from the original on 9 December 2009 Retrieved 6 December 2019 Todo sobre el vehiculo electrico y puntos de recarga Electromaps www electromaps com Retrieved 4 September 2019 Electric Vehicle Charging Solutions Pod Point www pod point com Retrieved 4 September 2019 POD Point Next Generation Electric Vehicle Charging Network Archived from the original on 2 September 2011 Retrieved 8 August 2018 Pod point map search forwards to charge pod point com Accessed 4 September 2019 Open Charge Public Charging Stations POD Point POD Point Retrieved 1 June 2016 plugshare map search www plugshare com Retrieved 4 September 2019 POWERING THE FUTURE Innovative solutions to change the way we move suncountryhighway ca Retrieved 4 September 2019 Stacje ladowania samochodow elektrycznych polska mapa i wyszukiwarka Naladuj pl naladuj pl Accessed 4 September 2019 EVhype Find Electric Vehicle Charging Stations Near You EVhype 7 June 2022 Retrieved 14 November 2022 a b AmpUp EV Charging www ampup io Blink Charging Co Company amp People BLNK Barron s Retrieved 22 June 2023 Plug In 2008 California Cars Initiative www calcars org accessed 4 September 2019 Coulomb Technologies Inc Archived from the original on 23 December 2009 Retrieved 22 May 2010 Campbell based Coulomb Technologies raises 47 5 million in a fourth round of funding The Mercury News 7 May 2012 Retrieved 1 August 2019 Carey Nick 8 November 2021 UK s Connected Kerb targets 190 000 on street EV chargers by 2030 Reuters Retrieved 1 January 2022 Connected Kerb UK Retrieved 2 January 2022 Ecotricity Electric Highway www ecotricity co uk Retrieved 17 February 2015 Elektromotive granted patent for Elektrobay charging station www fleetnews co uk Retrieved 1 August 2019 Electric Vehicle EV Charging Stations EVgo EVgo Retrieved 25 February 2016 EV Range EV Charging www evrange com EVDC Network EV Puerto Rico EVDC Retrieved 19 March 2023 EV Trail EV charging stations where you need them EV Trail EV Trail Retrieved 10 May 2023 Booth Michael 23 November 2021 Looking for a fast EV charge in small town Colorado Do you want fries with that The Colorado Sun Retrieved 10 May 2023 Lambert Fred 9 June 2023 Tesla s NACS enjoys domino effect as EV charging companies adopt the standard Electrek Retrieved 10 June 2023 Canadian EV charging company opens Auburn Hills production facility The Detroit News Retrieved 2 June 2023 Booth Michael 15 February 2023 FACT SHEET Biden Harris Administration Announces New Standards and Major Progress for a Made in America National Network of Electric Vehicle Chargers The White House Retrieved 14 May 2023 Welcome to Hubsta Your Intelligent Network www hubsta co uk Retrieved 4 September 2019 Elektromobilclub der Schweiz ECS website www elektromobilclub ch accessed 4 September 2019 Share amp Charge peer to peer charging network Archived 23 September 2016 at the Wayback Machine shareandcharge com Accessed 4 September 2019 Spark Plug Electric Vehicle Charging Spark Plug Chargers Retrieved 20 June 2023 a b Renault Nissan EDF to develop e cars and infrastructure in France EE Times Europe automotive EETimes 10 October 2008 Archived from the original on 7 July 2011 Retrieved 21 May 2010 Nissan Introduces Quick EV Charger Press release Nissan 21 May 2010 Archived from the original on 24 May 2010 Retrieved 21 May 2010 Ramsey Jonathon 26 March 2009 Tesla Model S 50 000 EV sedan seats seven 300 mile range 0 60 in 5 5s autobloggreen Retrieved 12 April 2009 Tesla s First Electric Car Supercharger Stations Now Live 25 September 2012 TSLA Q4 Update PDF tesla cdn thron com Archived PDF from the original on 26 January 2022 Retrieved 17 February 2022 supercharge info supercharge info 14 June 2022 Retrieved 14 June 2022 Green Cars Initiatiave European Commission information portal Commission makes 24 2 million available to the development of electromobility in Europe press release European Commission IP 11 381 30 March 2011 Transport 2050 Commission outlines ambitious plan to increase mobility and reduce emissions press release European Commission IP 11 372 28 March 2011 ACEA position and recommendations for the standardization of the charging of electrically chargeable vehicles PDF ACEA European Automobile Manufacturers Association 2 March 2011 Archived from the original PDF on 2 December 2012 CARS 2020 Action Plan for a competitive and sustainable automotive industry in Europe European Commission 8 November 2012 p 14 COM 2012 636 final Archived from the original PDF on 11 February 2013 Retrieved 11 November 2012 propose a legislative measure at the latest by 2013 to ensure that practical and satisfactory solutions for the infrastructure side of the recharging interface for electric vehicles are implemented throughout the EU in case no agreement is reached on a voluntary approach among stakeholders involved through the standardisation process The solution for Europe type 2 charging sockets with or without shutter PDF Mennekes Elektrotechnik GmbH amp Co KG 19 October 2012 Archived from the original PDF on 25 September 2013 Retrieved 16 November 2012 EU launches clean fuel strategy European Commission 24 January 2013 press release IP 13 40 A common EU wide plug is an essential element for the roll out of this fuel To end uncertainty in the market today the Commission has announced the use of the Type 2 plug as the common standard for the whole of Europe Clean power for transport Frequently asked questions European Commission 24 January 2013 Recharging stations Technical specifications MEMO 13 24 Common standards for electric charging points across Europe must be designed and implemented by December 2015 More than 50 CEZ recharging stations for electric cars to be in the Czech Republic Daily News Czech AM 31 March 2011 Retrieved 6 April 2012 have year report 2012 cez group PDF CEZ Group 27 August 2012 Retrieved 20 November 2012 CEZ Has 20 Charging Stations in Operation VOLTDRIVE Nu bliver det nemmere at kore elbil i Jylland Ovrige nyheder Vejdirektoratet dk Om NRGi Elsalg French Electric Car To Debut In Danish Showrooms In a Few Months COP15 United Nations Climate Change Conference 28 May 2008 Archived from the original on 15 September 2008 Retrieved 29 July 2008 brev til kunder i better place danmark as Better Place Danmark A S 3 June 2013 Retrieved 10 June 2013 at bade batteriskiftestationer og ladestanderne opsat i det offentlige rum forelobig vil vaere ude af drift fra senest 4 juni 2013 both battery stations and public chargers will be left offline since 4 June 2013 dead link notat om konkurs Better Place Danmark A S Retrieved 10 June 2013 afsagde den 28 maj 2013 konkursdekret over Better Place Danmark A S announced bankruptcy of Better Place Danmark A S on 28 May 2013 dead link Better Place tilpasser sig det danske elbilmarked 17 apr 2013 Better Place Danmark A S 17 April 2013 Archived from the original on 17 May 2013 Retrieved 10 June 2013 Better Place netvaerket bestar i dag af 700 offentlige ladesteder Flere hundrede ladestandere opsat hos private og danske virksomheder 18 dognabne ubemandede batteriskiftestationer langs motorvejsnettet 8 hurtigladere opsat Tysk energigigant kober Better Place ladestandere 9 September 2013 Move About Archived from the original on 26 November 2009 Retrieved 14 August 2010 a b c d e f L ECOSYSTEME DU VEHICULE ELECTRIQUE Archived 2011 07 17 at the Wayback Machine Laurent Meillaud Adam Palin 19 November 2013 Infrastructure Shortage of electric points puts the brake on sales Financial Times Retrieved 28 December 2013 KredEx 20 February 2013 Estonia becomes the first in the world to open a nationwide electric vehicle fast charging network Estonian World Retrieved 28 December 2013 a b World s first nationwide EV charging network starts based on ABB fast charger technology Press release ABB 20 February 2013 Retrieved 22 February 2013 YouTube YouTube Archived from the original on 29 April 2016 Retrieved 27 November 2016 Archived copy PDF Archived from the original PDF on 26 February 2013 Retrieved 22 February 2013 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint archived copy as title link Vaughan Adam 20 February 2013 Estonia launches national electric car charging network The Guardian Retrieved 22 February 2013 Mardiste David 20 February 2013 Estonia goes electric with new car charger network Reuters Retrieved 22 February 2013 EDF et Toyota annoncent un partenariat technologique en Europe relatif aux vehicules hybrides rechargeables Electricite de France 5 September 2007 Retrieved 10 October 2007 Renault 13 July 2011 press release VINCI autoroutes et Renault partenaires pour developper le vehicule electrique en France Retrieved 15 September 2019 a b EDF Collectivites territoriales gt actualites gt actualites marche avril 2010 permanent dead link EDF reprint of Le Journal du Dimanche 28 03 10 Le ministre de l Ecologie Jean Louis Borloo a annonce d ici a 2015 la construction de 400 000 points de recharge dans toute la France EDF reprint of Electro Magazine 01 03 Les Echos 22 03 10 Jean Louis Borloo a presente en 2009 un plan de 1 5 milliard d euros afin de developper la voiture electrique et son corollaire les infrastructures de rechange La question est de savoir si le reseau de bornes de recharge sera construit par des PME ou par une filiale unique d ERDF qui pourrait se voir confier dans un premier temps l installation de 75 000 bornes Bornes de recharge electrique Portal of the City of Paris 28 February 2012 Retrieved 17 September 2012 Electric Vehicle Solution Schneider Electric Archived 2011 07 03 at the Wayback Machine Version Jan 2011 Schneider Electric accessed 7 March 2011 Annexe au rapport d etape du groupe de travail franco allemand sur l electromobilite PDF 9 February 2010 Renault Nissan Mitsubishi Communiques de presse Bilan de l experimentation SAVE Seine Aval Vehicules Electriques 8 July 2013 media group renault com accessed 14 September 2019 a b c Archived copy Archived from the original on 8 August 2011 Retrieved 27 September 2011 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint archived copy as title link e move bz Archived copy Archived from the original on 25 December 2011 Retrieved 7 April 2012 a b E mobility Italy per tutta la tua vita Renault Nissan Expand Their Electric Vehicle Empire Archived from the original on 15 April 2010 Retrieved 24 May 2010 Renault Nissan e moves into Lombardy Italy Italy joining the electric ride with new regulation cars21 com 9 July 2010 E Mobility enel Enel information website Archived from the original on 2 June 2012 Retrieved 9 April 2012 summary The first vehicles of the electric mobility project launched by Enel and smart in 2008 are now being driven on the streets of Rome Milan and Pisa Under this projects which includes private citizens and firms 100 electric smart vehicles will be delivered and over 400 charging stations will be installed in public and private locations a b Elektrombolitat in Italien in German WKO Aussenwirtschaft Osterreich 6 December 2011 Retrieved 9 April 2012 permanent dead link eco tech e move charging station fuels just about everything with solar energy Archived from the original on 30 November 2013 Retrieved 7 April 2012 Parma realm of the electric car Retrieved 9 April 2012 Ausbau der Ladeinfrastruktur fur Elektroautos in Deutschland auf gutem Weg in German 10 April 2015 Archived from the original on 26 January 2016 Retrieved 11 September 2015 showing Summe Ladehalte above 190 charging points as for March 2011 www drehstromnetz de wachstum accessed 04 April 2011 RFID hilft beim Stromtanken Archived from the original on 11 February 2013 Meilenstein fur Elektromobilitat in Deutschland Schnellladesaulen fur Elektrofahrzeuge entlang der A9 zwischen Munchen und Leipzig gehen in Betrieb in German 14 May 2014 Archived from the original on 20 May 2014 Retrieved 20 May 2014 a b Leistungspaket Stadtwerke Broschure Archived 2011 07 04 at the Wayback Machine DEW setzt sich fur vereinfachtes Laden von Elektrofahrzeugen ein in German 15 June 2015 Archived from the original on 26 January 2016 Retrieved 11 September 2015 E Mobility Berlin Daimler And RWE Embarking On The Age Of Electro Mobility Damiler News 5 September 2008 Pressemeldung vom 25 11 2008 Nationale Strategiekonferenz Elektromobilitat schon ab 2009 den Einsatz von mehr als 100 Elektrofahrzeugen der Marken smart und Mercedes Benz in der Bundeshauptstadt RWE stellt dafur rund 500 Ladestationen im Stadtgebiet Berlins auf Innogy bringt Elektromobilitat nach vorn rwe mobility com Retrieved 4 September 2019 Pressemeldung vom 26 10 2009 Startschuss fur Elektromobilitat in Mainz Partner des Projekts sind der Automobilclub ADAC der Autovermieter Sixt Siemens und Deutschlands grosster Parkraumanbieter APCOA Langfristiges Branchenziel ist ein flachendeckendes Netz mit Ladepunkten und zwar in ganz Europa Pressemeldung vom 15 09 2009 Renault und RWE unterzeichnen Abkommen fur Stromtankstellen Bis Ende Juni 2011 werden weitere Stromtankstellen in deutschen Grossstadten errichtet Ab Ende 2010 werden die ersten 100 Vorserien Elektrofahrzeuge von Renault die neue Infrastruktur nutzen RWE und Nissan kooperieren bei der Elektromobilitat press release 21 June 2010 RWE Autostrom kunftig an Star Tankstellen in Hamburg und NRW Archived 4 December 2010 at the Wayback Machine press release RWE E Mobility Elmshorn Dortmund 18 August 2010 Standorte der RWE Ladesaulen Archived 2010 06 19 at the Wayback Machine counting entries the KMZ map file access Juley 2 2011 MINI E FAQ Archived 9 May 2010 at the Wayback Machine Wie viele Saulen werden in Berlin aufgestellt Vattenfall plant die Bereitstellung von bis zu 50 Ladestationen an offentlich zuganglichen Platzen Pressemeldung vom 15 12 2009 Die BMW Group und Vattenfall Europe zeigen Alltagstauglichkeit von Elektromobilitat permanent dead link m Juni 2009 haben die BMW Group und Vattenfall Europe gemeinsam ihr Projekt MINI E Berlin powered by Vattenfall zur Einfuhrung des emissionsfreien Autofahrens einschliesslich erforderlicher Ladeinfrastruktur in Berlin gestartet FAQ Green eMobility by Vattenfall Vattenfall Archived from the original on 19 July 2011 Retrieved 2 July 2011 Vattenfall zeigt innovative Energielosungen auf der Hannover Messe Video Vattenvall 20 June 2011 Retrieved 2 July 2011 Volkswagen 2008 VW Golf Twin Drive Plug in Hybrid Prototype Volkswagen cars specifications review www auto power girl com accessed 4 September 2019 Flottenversuch Elektromobilitat Archived 30 April 2010 at the Wayback Machine www eon energie com accessed 4 September 2019 Gruner Strom auf Munchens Strassen Archived 30 April 2010 at the Wayback Machine Seit Juli 2009 rollen MINI E mit E ON Strom durch die bayerische Landeshauptstadt und die angrenzenden Landkreise E ON konnte hierbei eine Infrastruktur aus offentlichen Ladestationen aufbauen Map of Charging Stations in Munich Archived 10 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine E ON accessed 6 March 2011 Pilotprojekt eflott Archived from the original on 28 July 2011 Retrieved 2 June 2011 until September 2011 a b c e mobility Baden Wurttemberg startet Daimler und EnBW Vorreiter fur emissionsfreie Mobilitat Archived 2011 07 10 at the Wayback Machine press release EnBW 18 June 2010 Elektronauten project EnBW 2010 Eine neue Bewegung die E Mobilitat 6 May 2011 Archived from the original on 7 May 2011 Retrieved 2 July 2011 Ladestationenkarte EnBW Retrieved 2 July 2011 permanent dead link DEKRA gibt grunes Licht fur Stromtankstellen DEKRA 11 April 2011 press release Archived from the original on 8 October 2011 Retrieved 3 July 2011 Erste intelligente Ladestation von EnBW und Bosch erhalt Flughafen Stuttgart PDF in German EnBW 11 April 2011 press release Das Projekt MeRegioMobil wird vom Bundesministerium fur Wirtschaft und Technologie BMWi gefordert In den nachsten Wochen werden rund 260 weitere Ladepunkte in Karlsruhe und Stuttgart installiert www enbw com content de media pdf pdf pressemeldungen 20111110Stuttgart wird Living Lab f r die Zukunft urbaner Mobilit t pdf PDF EnBW 10 November 2011 Retrieved 8 March 2012 dead link Pressemeldung vom 1 2 2010 Gemeinsame Geschaftsstelle Elektromobilitat der Bundesregierung GGEMO nimmt Fahrt auf Archived 2010 04 15 at the Wayback Machine um das Ziel zu erreichen Deutschland zu einem Leitmarkt fur Elektromobilitat zu entwickeln und bis 2020 eine Mio Elektrofahrzeuge in Deutschland zu haben Pressemitteilung vom 3 5 2010 Etablierung der Nationalen Plattform Elektromobilitat am 3 Mai 2010 Archived from the original on 10 October 2010 Retrieved 24 May 2010 Nationale Plattform Elektromobilitat kommt mit ihrer Arbeit gut voran permanent dead link press release 217 2010 German Federal Ministry of Transport Building and Urban Development 28 July 2010 Standardisierung und Normung in der Elektromobilitat Archived from the original on 27 November 2010 Retrieved 22 July 2010 a b Nationale Plattform Elektromobilitat legt Zwischenbericht vor heise autos 2 November 2010 Ex VW Chef gegen Pramien fur E Autos Der Tagesspiegel 16 November 2010 VDE Studie sieht fur Elektroautos noch Hurden bis zum Massenmarkt Archived 3 May 2010 at the Wayback Machine 28 April 2010 Elektromobilitat Getankt wird zu Hause 64 Prozent der Bundesburger wollen Elektroauto kaufen press release VDE 8 November 2010 a b c d e f Zwischenbericht der Nationalen Plattform Elektromobilitat Archived 2011 07 16 at the Wayback Machine 30 November 2010 e mobility Daimler handout Archived 10 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine 3 December 2010 accessed 7 March 2011 accessed 8 August 2010 Archived from the original on 20 August 2010 Retrieved 8 August 2010 a b c d Hlodulisti Archived from the original on 17 June 2020 Retrieved 17 June 2020 a b Hledslunet Isorku Isorka Hledslustodvar in Icelandic Archived from the original on 17 June 2020 Retrieved 17 June 2020 a b Orkuskipti i samgongum Orkustofnun in Icelandic Retrieved 17 June 2020 ON rukkar fyrir hradhledslu rafbila RUV in Icelandic 11 December 2017 Retrieved 17 June 2020 Byrja ad rukka fyrir hledslu rafbila www mbl is in Icelandic Retrieved 17 June 2020 Hringvegurinn allur ordinn faer rafbilum www frettabladid is in Icelandic Retrieved 17 June 2020 a b c d e ecars Government moves forward with plans for electric vehicles Dublin Castle 3 April 2009 Archived from the original on 21 March 2012 Retrieved 6 July 2011 Green Light for Electric Motoring Dublin May 24th 2010 Archived from the original on 21 March 2012 Retrieved 6 July 2011 Irish Government signs Electric Motoring agreement with Toyota Dublin 2nd November 2010 Archived from the original on 21 March 2012 Retrieved 6 July 2011 Irish Government and ESB sign new electric car deal with PSA Peugeot Citroen Dublin 2 December 2010 Archived from the original on 21 March 2012 Retrieved 6 July 2011 Minister Rabbitte launches Electric Vehicles grant scheme Dublin 19th April 2011 Archived from the original on 5 October 2011 Retrieved 6 July 2011 OVERVIEW OF PURCHASE AND TAX INCENTIVES FOR ELECTRIC VEHICLES IN THE EU www acea be accessed 14 September 2019 EV Sales 2013 Ireland Ranked Last Out of 17 Countries in Europe 2 March 2014 AA s Conor Faughnan Plugs into Green Driving Archived 2010 08 31 at the Wayback Machine press release Electricity Supply Board 6 August 2010 Charge Point Map Conway Thomas September 2017 On the Effects of a Routing and Reservation System on the Electric Vehicle Public Charging Network IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems 18 9 2311 2318 doi 10 1109 TITS 2016 2641981 ISSN 1524 9050 S2CID 2646783 a b Le Reseau Chargy Retrieved 29 May 2022 Bauldry Jess 20 January 2021 Luxembourg switches on first of 88 ultra fast charging stations Delano Luxembourg Retrieved 29 May 2022 a b Amsterdam Becomes First European City to Install Coulomb ChargePoint Networked Charging Stations for Electrical Vehicles press release Coulomb Tech 27 May 2009 Archived copy amsterdamelektrisch Archived from the original on 22 February 2013 Retrieved 18 June 2010 Amsterdam Amsterdam puts charging network for electric cars into use Archived 10 December 2010 at the Wayback Machine press release Nuon 6 November 2009 Nieuw Amsterdams Klimaat news 100th charging point Archived from the original on 5 September 2012 Retrieved 9 May 2011 press release City of Amsterdam 8 March 2011 Archived copy nieuwamsterdamsklimaat Archived from the original on 7 September 2012 Retrieved 9 May 2011 Elektrisch Rijden Rijksoverheid Ruud van Sloten Formula E Team 5 August 2010 136 opening 500ste publieke oplaadpunt is mijlpaal voor elektrisch rijden in nederland 245 326 2500ste e laadpunt geopend in castricum Tweede informa esessie second information session Foundation E Laad nl 5 August 2010 standaardisatie stekkernorm type 02 modus 03 standaardisatie stekkermateriaal Nissan announces European prices Of Nissan Leaf world s first mass market all electric Zero Emission Vehicle Press release Nissan 17 May 2010 Archived from the original on 20 May 2010 Retrieved 27 June 2010 Holland to Have Europe s First Commercial EV Charging Station in Leeuwarden Preparing for LEAF 27 May 2010 Yahoo Dit domein wordt gehost door Masc Statistics Electric Vehicles in the Netherlands up to and including April2020 PDF Rijksdienst voor Ondernemend Nederland www rvo nl Retrieved 29 June 2020 Archived copy gs greenpl org Archived from the original on 21 August 2010 Retrieved 14 August 2010 a b c Polens Autos werden elektrisch Handelsblatt 11 December 2009 Home MOBI E em destaque na Cimeira da NATO Archived 2012 03 20 at the Wayback Machine press release MOBI E 20 November 2010 A rede MOBI E tem ja mais de 100 pontos instalados e tera ate ao final do primeiro semestre de 2011 mais de 1300 pontos de carregamento normal e 50 pontos de carregamento rapido distribuidos por 25 municipios de todo o pais Kleine Lander grosse Chancen Die Zeit online 8 March 2011 Polni si Iskalnik polnilnih mest Archived from the original on 10 October 2022 Retrieved 19 November 2012 Polni si Administracija modula statine strani Archived from the original on 3 October 2022 Retrieved 19 November 2012 Elektro Ljubljana OVE d o o Retrieved 14 September 2019 Partnerski odnosi zdravje in nasveti za zivljenje Elektro crpalke Madrid reverses the chargers with electric car plan The Guardian 8 September 2009 MOVELE Electric mobility MOVilidad ELEctrica pilot project MOVELE Electric mobility MOVilidad ELEctrica pilot project at the Wayback Machine archived 2010 08 17 accessed 25 May 2010 a b Bases para la convocatoria del programa de ayudas del Proyecto MOVELE 3 July 2009 PDF Archived from the original PDF on 26 January 2016 Retrieved 25 May 2010 MOVELE cities Archived 2011 07 16 at the Wayback Machine accessed 25 May 2010 ENDESA AND TELEFoNICA LAUNCH FIRST ELECTRIC VEHICLE TELEPHONE BOOTH RECHARGING STATION Press release Endesa 10 May 2010 Archived from the original on 6 July 2010 Retrieved 21 May 2010 Live Impuls de Mobilitat Sostenible a Barcelona I Catalunya Archived copy endesa com MitsubishiENG Archived from the original on 22 January 2013 Retrieved 8 January 2012 ENDESA Novedades Noticias y Curiosidades sobre Vehiculos Electricos Archived from the original on 15 January 2012 Retrieved 8 January 2012 ENDESA Novedades Noticias y Curiosidades sobre Vehiculos Electricos Archived from the original on 15 January 2012 Retrieved 8 January 2012 GE Endesa bring electric vehicles charging stations to Spain www elp com accessed 5 September 2019 EMME Santiago Archived copy Archived from the original on 21 June 2012 Retrieved 26 January 2012 Home Zero Carbon World Retrieved 10 December 2012 166 UK Destinations How to use the Source London charge points Transport for London Retrieved 11 November 2012 To access 7kW 32A side You will need a mennekes to J1772 cable to use this side of the post Hyde Ellis Complete guide to Gridserve Driving Electric Retrieved 12 March 2022 Offer of Grant Funding for the Plugged in Places Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure Procurement Support Scheme PDF Retrieved 10 December 2012 Weekly roundup Type 2 roll out begins www zerocarbonworld org Archived from the original on 4 March 2013 Retrieved 10 December 2012 Elektromotive The ultimate zero emission transport system Elektromotive Ltd Archived from the original on 2 November 2007 Retrieved 26 October 2007 Reynolds L 11 October 2007 UK to install 250 new public charging stations by next spring The Battery Vehicle Society Retrieved 26 October 2006 Electromotive welcomes electric charging infrastructure expansion electromotive 8 November 2011 press release Retrieved 8 February 2012 elektromotive aims to create UK s biggest pay as you go electric vehicle recharging network PDF elektromotive 21 June 2012 Retrieved 24 November 2012 new ev charge points in falkirk will help meet carbon reduction targets PDF elektromotive 10 October 2012 Retrieved 24 November 2012 BP Chargemaster Electric Vehicle Charging Archived from the original on 26 January 2009 Retrieved 21 January 2009 Renault Nissan Alliance and Electromotive to Collaborate on Charging Infrastructure 27 February 2009 Retrieved 14 September 2019 Error LexisNexis Publisher Archived from the original on 29 November 2010 Retrieved 22 May 2010 a b Electric Delivery Plan for London Archived 2011 07 19 at the Wayback Machine 2010 to 2015 government policy Transport emissions Retrieved 14 September 2019 Charge points start to be installed for Source London Archived 2011 07 24 at the Wayback Machine press release Source London 14 February 2011 London Source 11 July 2011 16 suppliers sign up to help public bodies buy greener vehicles press release Archived from the original on 24 July 2011 Retrieved 14 July 2011 London charges ahead with wireless electric vehicle technology Source London 10 November 2011 Archived from the original on 24 April 2012 Retrieved 8 March 2012 Electric vehicles now able to roam between London and Eastern England Source Londone 24 October 2012 Archived from the original on 21 October 2013 Retrieved 24 November 2012 Source London charges ahead to deliver 1 300 electric vehicle charging points Source London 16 May 2013 Archived from the original on 21 October 2013 Retrieved 24 November 2013 ZCW Charging Stations Archived from the original on 14 July 2011 Retrieved 13 July 2011 Proactive Approach to Green Technology ZeroCarbonWorld org 15 February 2012 Archived from the original on 26 January 2016 Retrieved 8 March 2012 a b Making the Connection The Plug In Vehicle Infrastructure Strategy PDF Office for Low Emission Vehicles Department for Transport June 2011 Archived from the original PDF on 31 January 2012 Retrieved 5 January 2012 UK Newcastle Upon Tyne supply of EV charging leads 22 June 2011 Retrieved 5 January 2012 It has become clear that the general position in Europe regarding Electric Vehicle charging is to utilise Mode 3 charging protocol and the UK PEL69 JPEL 64 BSI Technical Committee s have issued their position paper to the EU to state that the UK will support the use of a Type 2 connector This necessitates a change to the existing installed and delivered infrastructure to become compliant with these enhanced standards of charging One North East Plugged in Places project has a plan to ensure approx 75 of the overall estate of public charging points are Type 2 connector and mode 3 protocol The plan is to complete this physical changeover before 31 3 12 Riddell Niall Paua Electric Fuel card Paua Retrieved 12 March 2022 AllStar AllStar AllStar Electric One AllStar Retrieved 12 March 2022 Supercharger Data Supercharger Info Retrieved 19 November 2020 portlandgeneral com community environment initiatives electric vehicles charging stations Archived copy Archived from the original on 23 September 2010 Retrieved 6 October 2010 ECOtality What is ECOtality Archived copy PDF Archived from the original PDF on 10 July 2011 Retrieved 6 October 2010 Roundup BYD s PHEV France Charge 7 Eleven Energy Water Incentives Austin Expo www calcars org accessed 5 September 2019 Detnews com This article is no longer available online detnews com The Detroit News a b Coulomb Technologies to Provide 4 600 Free Home and Public Charging Stations Through ChargePoint America Program 2 June 2010 CHARGE POINT AMERICA E Vehicle Environmental Friendly www chargepointamerica com accessed 5 September 2019 ChargePoint America Archived 10 July 2012 at archive today accessed 8 August 2010 Bloomberg Powers Up New Electric Car Charging Program New York Times 15 July 2010 NYC opens charging station for cars Archived 2011 06 09 at the Wayback Machine The Durango Herald 18 July 2010 Coulomb Technologies Announces Completion of ChargePoint America Program Shipping Milestone of More than 2400 Public and Commercial Charging Stations Coulomb Technologies 10 April 2012 Archived from the original on 27 April 2012 Retrieved 12 May 2012 Better Place To Build EV Infrastructure in California and Oregon Zoomi Life 23 November 2008 Archived from the original on 29 December 2008 Retrieved 15 March 2010 ChargePoint Charging Stations 16 September 2009 Retrieved 6 October 2009 Ecotality Specializing in Everything Solar Archived from the original on 26 May 2010 Retrieved 22 May 2010 Renewable Energy World Home www renewableenergyworld com Retrieved 5 September 2019 The EV Project Archived copy Archived from the original on 4 October 2009 Retrieved 14 August 2010 The EV Project home website list of the 11 participating cities EV Project Archived from the original on 4 October 2009 Retrieved 27 April 2010 EV Project FAQ updated 7 2 2010 Dallas Fort Worth and Houston Added to Roster of Project Cities Archived 2010 10 27 at the Wayback Machine 15 July 2010 San Diego Region To Get 2500 Charging Stations 17 March 2010 Charging Stations for Electric Cars Being Installed Around the County Archived 23 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine 3 August 2010 EV Project Marks Milestone With Over 24 Million Miles Of EV Operation PDF ecotality 12 April 2012 Archived from the original PDF on 29 June 2012 Retrieved 12 May 2012 Oregon Utility Readying for Waves of EVs Installs Charging Stations in Two Cities Green Car Advisor Archived from the original on 29 November 2010 Retrieved 22 May 2010 NRG Launches Nation s First Privately Funded Comprehensive Electric Vehicle Charging Ecosystem 18 November 2010 NRG Energy Inc to Build Unprecedented Electric Vehicle Fast Charging Infrastructure in California 23 March 2012 Retrieved 12 May 2012 About NRG EVgo Electric Vehicle EV Charging Solutions NRG EVgo Retrieved 25 February 2016 NRG eVgo EZ Charge Goes Live This Summer insideevs com 23 May 2014 Retrieved 25 February 2016 BMW i announces ChargeNow DC Fast Expansion supporting EVgo s installation of 500 DC Fast chargers across the US and offering no cost DC and Level 2 charging for BMW i3 drivers www press bmwgroup com Retrieved 25 February 2016 Charge Er Up Ford Offers Three Years Complimentary Charging to C MAX Energi Customers with EV 1 2 3 Charge Powered by EVgo Ford Media Center media ford com Retrieved 25 February 2016 Susan Wilson March 1 2010 Evatran provides a plugless solution for EVs Blorge com Archived from the original on March 4 2010 Retrieved March 9 2010 First Electric Vehicle Charging Network Launches in South Carolina Archived 2010 12 14 at the Wayback Machine WJBF TV 9 December 2010 Electric Vehicle Charging Station Archived from the original on 19 June 2010 Retrieved 12 July 2010 Hawai i EV Ready Grant Program Deadline for Application Submission hawaii gov accessed 5 September 2019 a b Hawaii s Electric Vehicle EV Rebate Program hawaii gov accessed 5 September 2019 Transportation Working Group Archived from the original on 27 May 2010 Retrieved 8 August 2010 Better Place Launches Multi Island Electric Car Charging Network In Hawaii Betterplace 28 February 2012 Archived from the original on 4 May 2012 Retrieved 12 May 2012 state reinvests in electric vehicle rebate program PDF DEBDT 13 March 2012 Retrieved 12 May 2012 Hawaii EV Public Charging Station Database energy hawaii gov accessed 5 September 2019 state electric vehicle program hits milestone PDF DEBDT 29 March 2012 Retrieved 12 May 2012 Tesla Connector Charging Locations EV charger news accessed 8 August 2010 Bay Area EV Corridor California Air Resources Board 23 September 2009 Zero Emission Vehicle Infrastructure arb ca gov Retrieved 5 September 2019 ZEV Regulation Workshop Archived 2010 06 15 at the Wayback Machine California ARB 3 May 2010 EV1 Charging General Motors 15 July 2003 accessed 8 August 2010 Trend of U S alternative fueling stations by fuel type from 1992 2010 Archived from the original xls datasheet on 9 July 2011 Retrieved 7 March 2011 Electric Vehicle Charging Station Locations U S Department of Energy Alternative Fuels Data Center Retrieved 17 November 2020 Hawkins Andrew 5 October 2020 Driving the 2021 Volkswagen ID 4 VW s first all electric SUV The Verge Retrieved 5 October 2020 Roaming with FLO Taking You Even Further FLO Retrieved 14 October 2020 Hydro Quebec annual report 2019 PDF p 19 The BC EV Infrastructure Project DC Fast Charging 3 October 2014 Gerke Grant The Essential Guide to EV Charging Networks in North America Retrieved 14 November 2019 Archived copy electrifying trip along the trans canada highway pit stops in saskatchewan Archived from the original on 16 December 2013 Retrieved 16 December 2013 Oops Something Went Wrong Archived from the original on 22 March 2014 Retrieved 12 April 2014 a b Archived copy why birdseed entrepreneur building canada wide electric vehicle charging station network Archived from the original on 16 December 2013 Retrieved 16 December 2013 Electric Vehicles vancouver ca 9 November 2017 Retrieved 20 September 2019 Government charging up electric vehicles news gov bc ca 23 March 2016 Retrieved 20 September 2019 CLEAN ENERGY VEHICLE PROGRAM Clean Energy Vehicles for British Columbia Which Brazilian states do not yet have charging points for electric vehicles Portal Movilidad Noticias sobre vehiculos electricos 11 May 2022 Retrieved 4 December 2022 UTE inauguro primera estacion de servicio para autos electricos El Observador 6 January 2016 Habra carga gratuita para autos electricos entre Colonia y Punta del Este El Observador 27 December 2017 China s first electric vehicle charging station put into service People s Daily 1 April 2010 Shandong builds 1st large electric car charging station Xinhua state press 11 April 2010 a b SGCC Accelerates Building of Electric Vehicle Charging Stations State Grid Corporation 2 March 2010 Yahoo Archived from the original on 23 January 2011 Retrieved 9 February 2011 Eric Loveday Report China working on plan to install 10 million charging stations by 2020 www autoblog com 19 January 2011 accessed 20 September 2019 China has largest electric vehicle charging network People s Daily Online 3 March 2011 Subaru Better Place and Japan Team Up to Create Electric Vehicle Charging Network in Japan Zoomi Life 10 January 2009 Archived from the original on 31 May 2010 Retrieved 15 March 2010 Bosch eMobility Services Archived from the original on 6 August 2016 Retrieved 27 May 2016 Multi Agency Electric Vehicle Taskforce Launch Archived copy Archived from the original on 4 August 2009 Retrieved 19 August 2009 Israel Leads Quest for Electric Car The Breakthrough Institute 13 May 2008 Archived from the original on 20 June 2010 Retrieved 29 July 2008 Israel s Better Place and Renault partner in first mass market electric vehicle Israel 21c Innovation News Service 17 September 2009 Retrieved 24 December 2009 Governor Lingle and Better Place Announce Partnership to Offer National Blueprint for Clean Energy in Transportation 2 December 2008 Archived from the original on 26 February 2009 Clive Thompson 16 April 2009 Batteries Not Included New York Times Retrieved 19 April 2009 Japan to work with Better Place on electric vehicles Energy Efficiency News 11 December 2008 Archived from the original on 29 April 2009 Retrieved 19 April 2009 Better Place Unveils Network Deployment Roadmap for Israel Offering Electric Car Drivers Complete Nationwide Coverage by End of Year Archived 2011 05 11 at the Wayback Machine press release Better Place 23 March 2011 Isreal Kardan Pango to set up electrical car charging stations www 4evriders org accessed 14 September 2019 a b c d ChargePoint www chargepoint net au Archived from the original on 9 February 2023 Retrieved 15 September 2019 a b Tesla s electric cars come to Australia and they could benefit the power market Special Broadcasting Service 12 December 2014 Retrieved 5 January 2015 Archived copy exigency com au Archived from the original on 20 April 2010 Retrieved 27 August 2010 Australia plans electric vehicle network AFP 23 October 2008 Archived from the original on 26 October 2008 Retrieved 20 January 2009 Better Place Bails Out of Both U S And Australia Better Place Electric Car Service Files for Bankruptcy Archived copy betterplace com au charge spot locations Archived from the original on 23 November 2011 Retrieved 3 December 2011 Melbourne 4 Canberra 8 Sydney 3 Newcastle 5 Archived copy waevtrial Archived from the original on 18 April 2011 Retrieved 26 June 2011 a b Electric cars get a REV up Professor Dr Thomas Braunl 3 May 2011 Q amp A WA Electric Vehicle Trial PDF Archived from the original PDF on 26 March 2012 Retrieved 2 July 2011 Combined fast and slow charger Charge cable 10 A 15 A Fast incl IE socket 4 3 kW 3 phase Public EV charging for Western Australia 13 June 2011 Retrieved 2 July 2011 In The West s car there is a 15 amp plug and one special round eight pin plug that enables the car to be plugged into the fast charge station Perth gets nation s first electric car fast recharge network University of Western Australia 3 September 2012 news Retrieved 20 November 2012 Australia s first electric car fast recharge network with 23 new fast charge stations installed across the metro area the Level 2 recharge stations were built in the UK to comply with two competing world standards IEC 62196 Type 1 J1772 US Japan and Type 2 Mennekes Europe Fast Charging Network Trial REV Project University of Western Australia Retrieved 20 November 2012 The stations provide level 2 charging at 32 Amps pictures show that stations are Type 2 with adapter cable to Type 1 car Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Electric vehicle charging network amp oldid 1179835669, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

article

, read, download, free, free download, mp3, video, mp4, 3gp, jpg, jpeg, gif, png, picture, music, song, movie, book, game, games.