Demographics of Punjab, India

Population Growth

Year	Pop.	±%
1901	7,679,645	—
1911	6,830,507	−11.1%
1921	7,262,881	+6.3%
1931	8,123,076	+11.8%
1941	9,757,161	+20.1%
1951	9,160,500	−6.1%
1961	11,135,069	+21.6%
1971	13,551,060	+21.7%
1981	16,788,915	+23.9%
1991	20,281,969	+20.8%
2001	24,358,999	+20.1%
2011	27,743,338	+13.9%
source:Census of India ^[a]^[b]^[c]^[d]^[e]^[1]^[2]

Punjab is home to 2.3% of India's population; with a density of 551 persons per km². According to the provisional results of the 2011 national census, Punjab has a population of 27,743,338, making it the 16th most populated state in India. Of which male and female are 14,639,465 and 13,103,873 respectively. 32% of Punjab's population consists of Dalits. In the state, the rate of population growth is 13.9% (2011), lower than national average. Out of total population, 37.5% people live in urban regions. The total figure of population living in urban areas is 10,399,146 of which 5,545,989 are males and while remaining 4,853,157 are females. The urban population in the last 10 years has increased by 37.5%. According to the 2011 Census of India, Punjab, India has a population of around 27.7 million.

Population density

The table below gives the population density (persons per square kilometre) of Punjab through the years.^[3]

Population density (persons per square kilometer) of Punjab by year^[3]

Year	Density
2011	551
2001	484
1991	403
1981	333

The table below shows the population density by district in Punjab, according to the 2011 census.^[3]

Population density of districts of Punjab - census 2011^[3]

Sr. No.	District	Density (persons per square kilometre)
1	Ludhiana	978
2	Amritsar	928
3	SAS Nagar	909
4	Jalandhar	836
5	Gurdaspur	647
6	Patiala	570
7	Fatehgarh Sahib	509
8	Rupnagar	505
9	Kapurthala	499
10	SBS Nagar	478
11	Hoshiarpur	469
12	Tarn Taran	464
13	Sangrur	457
14	Moga	444
15	Faridkot	424
16	Bathinda	414
17	Barnala	402
18	Ferozepur	382
19	Mansa	350
20	Sri Muktsar Sahib	348
	Punjab	551

Gender

Main article: Women in Punjab, India

The table below shows the sex ratio of Punjab through the years.^[4]

Decadal sex ratio of Punjab by census years^[4]

Year (Census)	Sex Ratio
2011	895
2001	876
1991	882
1981	879
1971	865
1961	854
1951	844
1941	836
1931	815
1921	799
1911	870
1901	832

The table below shows the sex ratio of Punjab by district, according to the 2011 census.

Sex ratio of Punjab by district, 2011 census^[5]

Sr. No.	District	Ratio
1	Hoshiarpur	961
2	SBS Nagar	954
3	Rupnagar	915
4	Jalandhar	915
5	Kapurthala	912
6	Gurdaspur	907
7	Tarn Taran	900
8	Sri Muktsar Sahib	896
9	Fazilka	894
10	Moga	893
11	Ferozepur	893
12	Patiala	891
13	Faridkot	890
14	Amritsar	889
15	Sangrur	885
16	Mansa	883
17	SAS Nagar	879
18	Barnala	876
19	Ludhiana	873
20	Fatehgarh Sahib	871
21	Pathankot	869
22	Bathinda	868
	Punjab	895

Number of urban people by gender in districts - Census 2011^[6][7]

District	Males (Urban)	Females (Urban)
Gurdaspur	1,92,590	1,68,563
Pathankot	1,64,243	1,33,923
Amritsar	7,11,142	6,23,469
Tarn Taran	75,047	66,748
Kapurthala	1,50,379	1,32,083
Jalandhar	6,16,421	5,44,750
SBS Nagar	75,173	60,243
Hoshiarpur	1,74,587	1,60,382
Rupnagar	93,396	84,411
SAS Nagar	2,88,269	2,56,342
Ludhiana	11,14,372	9,55,336
Ferozepur	1,53,433	1,32,034
Fazilka	1,41,996	1,25,093
Faridkot	1,15,889	1,01,162
Sri Muktsar Sahib	1,33,420	1,18,771
Moga	1,20,216	1,07,030
Bathinda	2,68,713	2,30,504
Mansa	86,548	77,056
Sangrur	2,73,376	2,42,589
Barnala	1,02,312	88,373
Patiala	4,03,722	3,59,558
Fatehgarh Sahib	1,00,745	84,737
Punjab (whole)	55,45,989	48,53,157

Fertility rate

The table below shows the birth rate per 1000 persons in Punjab through the years.^[8]

Birth rate per 1000 in Punjab through the years

Year	Total	Urban	Rural
2017	14.9	14.1	15.6
2016	14.9	14.2	15.6
2015	15.2	14.2	15.9
2014	15.5	14.5	16.2
2013	15.7	14.7	16.3
2012	15.9	14.8	16.5
2011	16.2	15.2	16.8
2010	16.6	15.6	17.2
2009	17.0	15.8	17.7
2008	17.3	16.1	18
2007	17.6	16.4	18.3
2006	17.8	16.8	18.4
2005	18.1	17.0	18.8
2004	18.7	17.6	19.3

According to the National Family Health Survey of 2015–16, the percentage of women age 15-19 who have begun childbearing (teenage pregnancy) was 2.6%.^[9]

The table below shows the variation the fertility rate (children per woman) according to the education of a woman in Punjab, as of 2019–21.

Fertility rate by number of years of schooling completed by women in Punjab as of year 2019–21, NFHS-5^[10]

Years of schooling	Fertility rate
No schooling	2.5
<5 years	2.5
5–9 years	2.0
10–11 years	1.9
12 or more years	1.5

Family planning

According to the National Family Health Survey 2020–21, the unmet need for family planning increased from 6.2% in 2015–16 to 9.9% in 2020–21. In the same time period, the unmet need for child spacing increased from 2.4 to 3.7 percent.^[11]

Current Use of Family Planning Methods (currently married women age 15–49 years)^[11]

Indicator	Urban (2020–21)	Rural (2020–21)	Total (2020–21)	Total (2015–16)
Any method (%)	68.4	65.4	66.6	75.8
Any modern method (%)	49.4	51.1	50.5	66.3
Female sterilization (%)	18.0	25.6	22.8	37.5
Male sterilization (%)	0.5	0.4	0.5	0.6
IUD/PPIUD (%)	2.8	3.2	3.1	6.8
Pill (%)	1.1	1.7	1.5	2.5
Condom (%)	26.6	19.7	22.2	18.9
Injectables (%)	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1

Mortality

Infant mortality

The list below shows the infant mortality rate per 1000 in Punjab, through the years.^[8]

Infant mortality rate per 1000 live births per year, in Punjab through the years

Year	Total	Urban	Rural
2017	21	19	22
2016	21	18	23
2015	23	20	24
2014	24	21	26
2013	26	23	28
2012	30	25	33
2011	30	25	33
2010	34	31	37
2009	38	38	42
2008	41	33	45
2007	43	35	47

Maternal mortality

The table below shows the maternal mortality rate per one lakh (1,00,000) per year, through the years.^[8]

Maternal mortality rate per one lakh (1,00,000) per year, in Punjab through the years^[8]

Year	Rate
2017	122
2016	122
2015	122
2014	122
2013	141
2012	141
2011	141
2006	192

Literacy rate

According to the 2011 census, the literacy rate of Punjab was 75.84%. The male literacy was 80.44% and the female literacy was 70.73%.^[12] The median number of years of schooling completed in the state was 6.5 for females and 7.8 for males, as of 2011.^[13]

District

The table given below shows the literacy rate by district for year 2011 in descending order.^[14][12]

Literacy rate by districts - Census 2011

Sr. No.	District	Percentage
1	Hoshiarpur	84.59%
2	Mohali	83.80%
3	Jalandhar	82.48%
4	Ludhiana	82.20%
5	Rupnagar	82.19%
6	Gurdaspur	79.95%
7	Shahid Bhagat Singh Nagar	79.78%
8	Fatehgarh Sahib	79.35%
9	Kapurthala	79.07%
10	Amritsar	76.27%
11	Patiala	75.28%
12	Moga	70.68%
13	Faridkot	69.55%
14	Firozpur	68.92%
15	Bathinda	68.28%
16	Sangrur	67.99%
17	Barnala	67.82%
18	Tarn Taran	67.81%
19	Muktsar	65.81%
20	Mansa	61.83%

Urban and Rural areas

The table given below shows the urban rural literacy rate of Punjab by district, in the year 2011.^[15]

Urban-Rural literacy rate of Punjab (2011)

Districts	Urban %	Rural %
Amritsar	74.58%	59.64%
Barnala	65.78%	57.90%
Bathinda	70.45%	55.46%
Faridkot	69.79%	57.38%
Fatehgarh Sahib	74.24%	69.53%
Firozpur	69.98%	56.95%
Gurdaspur	78.59%	68.12%
Hoshiarpur	78.77%	74.77%
Jalandhar	77.03%	70.53%
Kapurthala	76.40%	67.73%
Ludhiana	75.28%	70.12%
Mansa	67.43%	51.68%
Moga	70.36%	60.90%
Muktsar	67.29%	54.66%
Patiala	75.72%	60.83%
Rupnagar	77.50%	72.00
Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar	77.67%	69.68%
Sangrur	66.52%	57.83%
Shahid Bhagat Singh Nagar	74.04%	70.98%
Tarn Taran	67.74%	58.30%
Total	74.14%	63.41%

Religion

The table below shows the literacy rate by religion in Punjab, according to 2001 census.^[16]

Literacy rate by religion in Punjab - Census 2001

Sr. No.	Religion	Percentage
1	Jains	95.9%
2	Hindus	74.6%
3	Buddhists	72.7%
4	Sikhs	67.3%
5	Christians	54.6%
6	Muslims	51.2%
	All religious groups	69.7%

Caste

The table below gives the literacy rate of Scheduled castes by district, according to the 2011 census.^{[17][18][19][20]}

Scheduled caste (SC) literacy rate by districts - Census 2011^[21]

Sr. No.	District	SC Percentage	District total
1	Hoshiarpur	82.49%	84.59%
2	Rupnagar	78.4%	82.19%
3	Shahid Bhagat Singh Nagar	77.72 %	79.78%
4	SAS Nagar	76.1%	83.80%
5	Jalandhar	76.68%	82.48%
6	Gurdaspur	72.89%	79.95%
7	Ludhiana	72.65%	82.20%
8	Fatehgarh Sahib	72.19%	79.35%
9	Kapurthala	71.29%	79.07%
10	Patiala	62.28%	75.28%
11	Amritsar	59.16%	76.27%
12	Sangrur	57.60%	67.99%
13	Moga	55.23%	70.68%
14	Firozpur	55.38%	68.92%
15	Faridkot	54.91%	69.55%
16	Barnala	54.91%	67.82%
17	Bathinda	53.09%	68.28%
18	Tarn Taran	51.37%	67.81%
19	Muktsar	50.46%	65.81%
20	Mansa	48.72%	61.83%
	Punjab	64.81%	75.84%.

Scheduled caste (SC) population among different religions in Punjab - Census 2011^[22]

Religion	Total Population	Scheduled Caste Population	Scheduled Caste Population %
Sikh	16,004,754	5,390,484	33.68%
Hindu	10,678,138	3,442,305	32.23%
Buddhist	33,237	27,390	82.40%

Human Development Index

The table below shows the district wise human development index of Punjab through the years.^[23]

Human Development index of Punjab by district^[23]

Sr. No.	District	2017	2011	2001	1991	Percentage change 1991–2017
1	Ludhiana	0.794	0.747	0.761	0.650	22.1%
2	Moga	0.695	0.679	0.683	--	--
3	Sangrur	0.669	0.666	0.654	0.534	25.2%
4	Bathinda	0.659	0.740	0.539	22.2%
5	Tarn Taran	0.654	0.646	--	--	--
6	SAS Nagar	0.653	0.701	--	--	--
7	Fatehgarh Sahib	0.648	0.69	0.74	--	--
8	Kapurthala	0.646	0.703	0.707	0.603	7.3%
9	Amritsar	0.635	0.685	0.700	0.608	4.4%
10	Rupnagar	0.629	0.675	0.751	0.623	0.9%
11	SBS Nagar	0.627	0.707	0.707	--	--
12	Jalandhar	0.618	0.738	0.708	0.610	1.3%
13	Barnala	0.617	0.649	--	--	--
14	Hoshiarpur	0.615	0.721	0.718	0.606	1.4%
15	Patiala	0.607	0.695	0.697	0.589	3.0%
16	Mansa	0.601	0.595	0.633	--	--
17	Faridkot	0.599	0.642	0.698	0.573	4.5%
18	Muktsar	0.572	0.633	0.651	--	--
19	Firozpur	0.563	0.606	0.689	0.568	-0.8%
20	Pathankot	0.538	--	--	--	--
21	Fazilka	0.505	--	--	--	--
22	Gurdaspur	0.503	0.673	0.723	0.612	-17.6%
	Punjab	0.620	0.643	0.667	0.591	4.9%

Caste population

Main article: Scheduled Castes in Punjab, India

As of September 2020, the caste population data foreach Forward caste citizen in Punjab collected in Socio Economic and Caste Census 2011 has not been released to public by Government of India.^[24][25] Scheduled Castes and Other Backward Classes form 63.2% of the total population of Punjab.^[26]

Castes of Punjab (2011)

  Scheduled Castes (Dalits) (31.9%)

  Upper castes (UC) (33%)

  Other Backward Classes (OBC or BC) (31.3%)

  religious minorities (3.8%)

Caste Population data of Punjab
Constitutional categories	Population (%)	Castes
Other Backward Classes (OBC)	31.3%^[27]^[28]	includes Sainis,^[29],Kamboj, Labana, Tarkhan/Ramgarhia, Kumhar/Prajapati, Arain, Gujjar, Teli, Banjara, Lohar, Bhat,^[30] Others
Scheduled Castes (Dalits not including Rai Sikh statistics^[31])	31.9%^[32]	includes Mazhabi Sikh - 10%, Ramdasia Sikh/Ravidassia (Chamar)/Ad-Dharmi - 13.1%, Balmiki/Bhanghi - 3.5%, Bazigar - 1.05%, Others - 4%^[33]
Others	33%	includes Jat Sikh and Hindu Jat - 21%,^[34] Brahmin, Khatri, Arora, Rajput (includes Sikh Rajputs), Sood, Bania, Bhatia (remaining 12%)
religious minorities	3.8%^[35]	includes Muslims, Christians, Buddhists, Jains

Below is the list of districts according to the percentage of their SC population, according to 2011 census.^{[12][17][36][37]}

Scheduled Caste population by district (2011)^[17]

Sr. No.	District	Percentage
1	Shahid Bhagat Singh Nagar	42.51%
2	Muktsar	42.31%
3	Fazilka	42.27%
4	Firozpur	42.07%
5	Jalandhar	38.95%
6	Faridkot	38.92%
7	Moga	36.50%
8	Hoshiarpur	35.14%
9	Kapurthala	33.94%
10	Tarn Taran	33.71%
11	Mansa	33.63%
12	Bathinda	32.44%
13	Barnala	32.24%
14	Fatehgarh Sahib	32.07%
15	Amritsar	30.95%
16	Pathankot	30.60%
17	Sangrur	27.89%
18	Ludhiana	26.39%
19	Rupnagar	25.42%
20	Patiala	24.55%
21	Gurdaspur	23.03%
22	SAS Nagar	21.74%

Crimes against SC/STs

The table below shows the number of recorded crimes against scheduled caste and scheduled tribe people from 2010 to 2018.^[38]

Crimes against scheduled caste and scheduled tribe people in Punjab^[38]

Year	Murder	Rape	POA Act	Hurt	Kidnapping	Miscellaneous
2018	13	30	32	6	4	82
2017	7	17	31	3	2	58
2016	7	16	41	1	3	64
2015	8	14	23	5	3	94
2014	4	19	16	2	3	79
2013	7	22	13	37	8	39
2012	4	12	8	21	2	24
2011	5	9	24	27	2	22
2010	4	18	50	13	0	30

Urbanization

The table below shows the percentage of rural population in each district of Punjab in ascending order, according to the 2011 census.^[39]

Percentage of rural population by district - Census 2011^[39]

Sr. No.	District	Rural percentage
1	Ludhiana	40.84%
2	SAS Nagar	45.24%
3	Amritsar	46.42%
4	Jalandhar	47.07%
5	Pathankot	55.93%
6	Patiala	59.74%
7	Bathinda	64.05%
8	Faridkot	64.85%
9	Kapurthala	65.35%
10	Barnala	67.98%
11	Sangrur	68.83%
12	Fatehgarh Sahib	69.02%
13	Ferozepur	71.54%
14	Sri Muktsar Sahib	72.04%
15	Fazilka	73.97%
16	Rupnagar	74.03%
17	Moga	77.18%
18	Gurdaspur	77.73%
19	Mansa	78.75%
20	Hoshiarpur	78.89%
21	SBS Nagar	79.52%
22	Tarn Taran	87.34%
	Punjab (whole)	62.52%

Languages spoken

Languages of Punjab (2011)^[40][41]

  Punjabi (official) (89.82%)

  Hindi (7.85%)

  Others (2.83%)

The Punjabi language written in the Gurmukhi script is the official language of the state.^[42] Muslims form a slight majority in the Malerkotla town and use Shahmukhi for communication.^[43] Punjabi is the sole official language of Punjab and is spoken by the majority of the population numbering around 24,919,067 constituting (89.82%) of the population as of 2011 census report. Hindi is the second largest language, spoken by 2,177,853 constituting 7.85% of the population. And the remaining 646,418 spoke other Indian languages, comprising 2.83% in the Others category.^[40]

Religion in Punjab

Religions in Punjab, India (2011)

  Sikhism (57.69%)

  Hinduism (38.49%)

  Islam (1.93%)

  Christianity (1.26%)

  Jainism (0.16%)

  Buddhism (0.12%)

  Others/not stated (0.35%)

2001 and 2011 census

Sikhism is the most practiced faith in Punjab, practiced by 16 million people representing 57.69% of the population of Punjab population, making it the only Sikh-majority state in India. Around 38.49% of the population i.e. 10.67 million practice Hinduism, while Islam is followed by 5.35 lakhs comprising 1.93% of the state population.^[44] Other faiths include Buddhism, Christianity and Jainism.^[45]

Religion in Punjab

Religion	2001^[46]	2011^[47]
Sikhism	14,592,387	16,004,754
Hinduism	8,997,942	10,678,138
Islam	382,045	535,489
Christianity	292,800	348,230
Jainism	39,276	45,040
Buddhism	41,487	33,237
Other	8,594	10,886
Not stated	n/a	87,564
Total	24,358,999	27,743,338

Religion in Punjab (%)

Religion	2001^[46]	2011^[46]
Sikhism	59.90	57.69
Hinduism	36.94	38.49
Islam	1.57	1.93
Christianity	1.20	1.26
Jainism	0.16	0.16
Buddhism	0.17	0.12
Other	0.03	0.04
Not stated	n/a	0.31

Urban and rural areas

The table given below shows the religion in the urban areas of Punjab, according to 2011 census.^[48]

Religion in urban areas of Punjab

Religion	Percentage %	Urban population
Hindu	60.41%	6,282,072
Sikh	35.16%	3,656,299
Muslim	2.47%	256,664
Christian	1.01%	105,253
Jain	0.39%	40,674
Buddhist	0.09%	9,660
Other religions and persuasions	0.04%	4,240
Religion not stated	0.43%	44,284
Total		10,399,146

The table given below shows the religion in the rural areas of Punjab, according to 2011 census.^[48]

Religion in rural areas of Punjab

Religion	Percentage %	Rural population
Sikh	71.20%	12,348,455
Hindu	25.35%	4,396,066
Muslim	1.61%	278,825
Christian	1.40%	242,977
Buddhist	0.14%	23,577
Jain	0.03%	4,366
Other religions and persuasions	0.04%	6,646
Religion not stated	0.25%	43,280
Total		17,344,192

The table below shows the population of different religions in absolute numbers in the urban and rural areas of Punjab.

Absolute numbers of different religious groups in Punjab^[49]

Religion	Urban (2011)	Rural (2011)	Urban (2001)	Rural (2001)	Urban (1991)	Rural (1991)
Hindu	62,82,072	43,96,066	49,33,743	40,64,199	29,81,804	32,18,391
Sikh	36,56,299	1,23,48,455	30,24,950	1,15,67,437	15,42,623	86,56,518
Christian	1,05,253	2,42,977	81,642	2,11,160	33,503	1,51,431
Muslim	2,56,664	2,78,825	1,66,529	2,15,518	60,395	1,07,699
Other religions	98,858	77,869	55,649	38,176	29,432	7,119

1941 census

East Punjab region

Religions in East Punjab, India region (1941)^{[50]: 42 [f]}

  Hinduism^[g] (46.95%)

  Islam (30.88%)

  Sikhism (21.14%)

  Christianity (0.69%)

  Jainism (0.21%)

  Others^[h] (0.12%)

Prior to partition, the eastern portion of Punjab that was ultimately awarded to India following the demarcation of the Radcliffe Line was made into a new province – East Punjab. The area includes the contemporary states of Punjab, Haryana, and Himachal Pradesh. Below is the religious demographics of this region broken down by district and princely state with an overall total as per the 1941 Indian census.

Religion in the Districts & Princely States of East Punjab, India region (1941)^{[50]: 42 [f]}

District/ Princely State	Hinduism  ^[g]		Islam		Sikhism		Christianity		Jainism		Others^[h]		Total
	Pop.	%	Pop.	%	Pop.	%	Pop.	%	Pop.	%	Pop.	%	Pop.	%
Patiala State	597,488	30.86%	436,539	22.55%	896,021	46.28%	1,592	0.08%	3,101	0.16%	1,518	0.08%	1,936,259	100%
Firozpur District	287,733	20.22%	641,448	45.07%	479,486	33.69%	12,607	0.89%	1,674	0.12%	128	0.01%	1,423,076	100%
Amritsar District	217,431	15.38%	657,695	46.52%	510,845	36.13%	25,973	1.84%	1,911	0.14%	21	0%	1,413,876	100%
Hoshiarpur District	584,080	49.91%	380,759	32.53%	198,194	16.93%	6,165	0.53%	1,125	0.1%	0	0%	1,170,323	100%
Jalandhar District	311,010	27.59%	509,804	45.23%	298,741	26.5%	6,233	0.55%	1,395	0.12%	7	0%	1,127,190	100%
Hisar District	652,842	64.85%	285,208	28.33%	60,731	6.03%	1,292	0.13%	6,126	0.61%	510	0.05%	1,006,709	100%
Karnal District	666,301	66.99%	304,346	30.6%	19,887	2%	1,249	0.13%	2,789	0.28%	3	0%	994,575	100%
Rohtak District	780,474	81.61%	166,569	17.42%	1,466	0.15%	1,043	0.11%	6,847	0.72%	0	0%	956,399	100%
Kangra District	846,531	94.12%	43,249	4.81%	4,809	0.53%	788	0.09%	101	0.01%	3,899	0.43%	899,377	100%
Gurdaspur District^[i]	174,221	20.21%	440,323	51.08%	200,688	23.28%	46,743	5.42%	25	0%	6	0%	862,006	100%
Gurgaon District	560,537	65.83%	285,992	33.59%	637	0.07%	1,673	0.2%	2,613	0.31%	6	0%	851,458	100%
Ambala District	412,658	48.68%	268,999	31.73%	156,543	18.47%	6,065	0.72%	3,065	0.36%	415	0.05%	847,745	100%
Ludhiana District	171,715	20.98%	302,482	36.95%	341,175	41.68%	1,913	0.23%	1,279	0.16%	51	0.01%	818,615	100%
Kapurthala State	61,546	16.27%	213,754	56.49%	88,350	23.35%	1,667	0.44%	380	0.1%	12,683	3.35%	378,380	100%
Jind State	268,355	74.17%	50,972	14.09%	40,981	11.33%	161	0.04%	1,294	0.36%	49	0.01%	361,812	100%
Simla Hill States	345,716	96.16%	10,812	3.01%	2,693	0.75%	161	0.04%	126	0.04%	12	0%	359,520	100%
Nabha State	146,518	42.59%	70,373	20.45%	122,451	35.59%	221	0.06%	480	0.14%	1	0%	344,044	100%
Mandi State	227,463	97.79%	4,328	1.86%	583	0.25%	11	0%	0	0%	208	0.09%	232,593	100%
Faridkot State	21,814	10.95%	61,352	30.79%	115,070	57.74%	247	0.12%	800	0.4%	0	0%	199,283	100%
Chamba State	155,910	92.3%	12,318	7.29%	107	0.06%	190	0.11%	0	0%	383	0.23%	168,908	100%
Sirmoor State	146,199	93.7%	7,374	4.73%	2,334	1.5%	38	0.02%	81	0.05%	0	0%	156,026	100%
Bilaspur State	108,375	98.22%	1,498	1.36%	453	0.41%	7	0.01%	3	0%	0	0%	110,336	100%
Malerkotla State	23,482	26.65%	33,881	38.45%	30,320	34.41%	116	0.13%	310	0.35%	0	0%	88,109	100%
Suket State	69,974	98.43%	884	1.24%	234	0.33%	0	0%	0	0%	0	0%	71,092	100%
Kalsia State	29,866	44.32%	25,049	37.17%	12,235	18.15%	55	0.08%	188	0.28%	0	0%	67,393	100%
Simla District	29,466	76.38%	7,022	18.2%	1,032	2.68%	934	2.42%	114	0.3%	8	0.02%	38,576	100%
Dujana State	23,727	77.37%	6,939	22.63%	0	0%	0	0%	0	0%	0	0%	30,666	100%
Loharu State	23,923	85.77%	3,960	14.2%	7	0.03%	2	0.01%	0	0%	0	0%	27,892	100%
Pataudi State	17,728	82.38%	3,655	16.98%	0	0%	9	0.04%	128	0.59%	0	0%	21,520	100%
Total	7,963,083	46.95%	5,237,584	30.88%	3,586,073	21.14%	117,155	0.69%	35,955	0.21%	19,908	0.12%	16,959,758	100%
Territory comprises the contemporary subdivisions of Punjab, India, Chandigarh, Haryana, and Himachal Pradesh.

Contemporary Punjab state

Religions in contemporary Punjab State, India region (1941)^{[50]: 42 [e]}

  Islam (38.42%)

  Sikhism (33.63%)

  Hinduism^[g] (26.62%)

  Christianity (1.06%)

  Jainism (0.13%)

  Others^[h] (0.15%)

The religious demography according to the 1941 census for the region that comprises the contemporary state of Punjab, India is also shown below, broken down by district and princely state with an overall total.

Religion in the Districts & Princely States that comprise contemporary Punjab State, India region (1941)^{[50]: 42 [e]}

District/ Princely State	Islam		Sikhism		Hinduism  ^[g]		Christianity		Jainism		Others^[h]		Total
	Pop.	%	Pop.	%	Pop.	%	Pop.	%	Pop.	%	Pop.	%	Pop.	%
Patiala State	436,539	22.55%	896,021	46.28%	597,488	30.86%	1,592	0.08%	3,101	0.16%	1,518	0.08%	1,936,259	100%
Firozpur District	641,448	45.07%	479,486	33.69%	287,733	20.22%	12,607	0.89%	1,674	0.12%	128	0.01%	1,423,076	100%
Amritsar District	657,695	46.52%	510,845	36.13%	217,431	15.38%	25,973	1.84%	1,911	0.14%	21	0%	1,413,876	100%
Hoshiarpur District	380,759	32.53%	198,194	16.93%	584,080	49.91%	6,165	0.53%	1,125	0.1%	0	0%	1,170,323	100%
Jalandhar District	509,804	45.23%	298,741	26.5%	311,010	27.59%	6,233	0.55%	1,395	0.12%	7	0%	1,127,190	100%
Gurdaspur District^[i]	440,323	51.08%	200,688	24.44%	174,221	20.21%	46,743	5.42%	25	0%	6	0%	862,006	100%
Ludhiana District	302,482	36.95%	341,175	41.68%	171,715	20.98%	1,913	0.23%	1,279	0.16%	51	0.01%	818,615	100%
Kapurthala State	213,754	56.49%	88,350	23.35%	61,546	16.27%	1,667	0.44%	380	0.1%	12,683	3.35%	378,380	100%
Nabha State	70,373	20.45%	122,451	35.59%	146,518	42.59%	221	0.06%	480	0.14%	1	0%	344,044	100%
Faridkot State	61,352	30.79%	115,070	57.74%	21,814	10.95%	247	0.12%	800	0.4%	0	0%	199,283	100%
Malerkotla State	33,881	38.45%	30,320	34.41%	23,482	26.65%	116	0.13%	310	0.35%	0	0%	88,109	100%
Total	3,748,410	38.42%	3,281,341	33.63%	2,597,038	26.62%	103,477	1.06%	12,480	0.13%	14,415	0.15%	9,757,161	100%
Territory comprises the contemporary state of Punjab, India.

1931 census

East Punjab region

Religions in East Punjab, India region (1931)^{[51]: 277 [j]}

  Hinduism^[g] (48.86%)

  Islam (30.17%)

  Sikhism (20.01%)

  Christianity (0.65%)

  Jainism (0.25%)

  Others^[h] (0.05%)

Prior to partition, the eastern portion of Punjab that was ultimately awarded to India following the demarcation of the Radcliffe Line was made into a new province – East Punjab. The area includes the contemporary states of Punjab, Haryana, and Himachal Pradesh. Below is the religious demographics of this region broken down by district and princely state with an overall total as per the 1931 Indian census.

Religion in the Districts & Princely States of East Punjab, India region (1931)^{[51]: 277 [j]}

District/ Princely State	Hinduism  ^[g]		Islam		Sikhism		Christianity		Jainism		Others^[h]		Total
	Pop.	%	Pop.	%	Pop.	%	Pop.	%	Pop.	%	Pop.	%	Pop.	%
Patiala State	623,597	38.36%	363,920	22.39%	632,972	38.94%	1,449	0.09%	3,578	0.22%	4	0%	1,625,520	100%
Firozpur District	244,688	21.15%	515,430	44.56%	388,108	33.55%	7,070	0.61%	1,411	0.12%	25	0%	1,156,732	100%
Amritsar District	174,556	15.63%	524,676	46.97%	399,951	35.8%	16,619	1.49%	1,272	0.11%	46	0%	1,117,120	100%
Hoshiarpur District	526,182	50.98%	328,078	31.78%	173,147	16.77%	3,764	0.36%	1,016	0.1%	0	0%	1,032,187	100%
Jalandhar District	268,822	28.49%	419,556	44.46%	249,571	26.45%	4,323	0.46%	1,379	0.15%	70	0.01%	943,721	100%
Hisar District	583,429	64.86%	253,784	28.21%	55,169	6.13%	1,107	0.12%	5,988	0.67%	2	0%	899,479	100%
Karnal District	570,297	66.89%	259,730	30.46%	16,928	1.99%	1,469	0.17%	4,190	0.49%	0	0%	852,614	100%
Rohtak District	655,963	81.42%	137,880	17.11%	596	0.07%	4,807	0.6%	6,375	0.79%	0	0%	805,621	100%
Kangra District	752,098	93.86%	40,483	5.05%	2,396	0.3%	576	0.07%	94	0.01%	5,665	0.71%	801,312	100%
Ambala District	346,809	46.68%	230,837	31.07%	155,555	20.94%	7,141	0.96%	2,550	0.34%	10	0%	742,902	100%
Gurgaon District	493,174	66.63%	242,357	32.74%	500	0.07%	1,463	0.2%	2,665	0.36%	4	0%	740,163	100%
Gurdaspur District^[i]	154,631	21.37%	367,388	50.78%	162,741	22.49%	38,756	5.36%	15	0%	4	0%	723,535	100%
Ludhiana District	120,161	17.87%	235,598	35.03%	312,829	46.52%	2,477	0.37%	1,419	0.21%	10	0%	672,494	100%
Simla Hill States	317,390	95.93%	10,017	3.03%	1,817	0.55%	176	0.05%	141	0.04%	1,309	0.4%	330,850	100%
Jind State	243,561	75.02%	46,002	14.17%	33,290	10.25%	210	0.06%	1,613	0.5%	0	0%	324,676	100%
Kapurthala State	64,319	20.31%	179,251	56.59%	72,177	22.79%	983	0.31%	27	0.01%	0	0%	316,757	100%
Nabha State	132,354	46.02%	57,393	19.96%	97,452	33.89%	66	0.02%	309	0.11%	0	0%	287,574	100%
Mandi State	199,935	96.37%	6,351	3.06%	899	0.43%	141	0.07%	0	0%	139	0.07%	207,465	100%
Faridkot State	20,855	12.69%	49,912	30.37%	92,880	56.51%	167	0.1%	550	0.33%	0	0%	164,364	100%
Sirmoor State	139,031	93.58%	7,020	4.73%	2,413	1.62%	52	0.04%	52	0.04%	0	0%	148,568	100%
Chamba State	135,254	92.09%	10,839	7.38%	112	0.08%	94	0.06%	3	0%	568	0.39%	146,870	100%
Bilaspur State	99,023	98.05%	1,458	1.44%	507	0.5%	6	0.01%	0	0%	0	0%	100,994	100%
Malerkotla State	21,252	25.58%	31,417	37.82%	28,982	34.89%	135	0.16%	1,286	1.55%	0	0%	83,072	100%
Kalsia State	28,832	48.18%	21,797	36.42%	9,035	15.1%	22	0.04%	162	0.27%	0	0%	59,848	100%
Suket State	57,616	98.64%	733	1.25%	44	0.08%	1	0%	0	0%	14	0.02%	58,408	100%
Simla District	28,661	77.91%	5,810	15.79%	760	2.07%	1,540	4.19%	1	0%	14	0.04%	36,786	100%
Dujana State	22,347	79.2%	5,863	20.78%	1	0%	5	0.02%	0	0%	0	0%	28,216	100%
Loharu State	20,198	86.55%	3,119	13.36%	2	0.01%	1	0%	18	0.08%	0	0%	23,338	100%
Pataudi State	15,596	82.64%	3,168	16.79%	1	0.01%	3	0.02%	105	0.56%	0	0%	18,873	100%
Total	7,060,631	48.86%	4,359,867	30.17%	2,890,835	20.01%	94,623	0.65%	36,219	0.25%	7,884	0.05%	14,450,059	100%
Territory comprises the contemporary subdivisions of Punjab, India, Chandigarh, Haryana, and Himachal Pradesh.

Contemporary Punjab state

Religions in contemporary Punjab State, India region (1931)^{[51]: 277 [d]}

  Islam (37.83%)

  Sikhism (32.14%)

  Hinduism^[g] (28.95%)

  Christianity (0.93%)

  Jainism (0.15%)

  Others^[h] (0.002%)

The religious demography according to the 1931 census for the region that comprises the contemporary state of Punjab, India is also shown below, broken down by district and princely state with an overall total.

Religion in the Districts & Princely States that comprise contemporary Punjab State, India region (1931)^{[51]: 277 [d]}

District/ Princely State	Islam		Sikhism		Hinduism  ^[g]		Christianity		Jainism		Others^[h]		Total
	Pop.	%	Pop.	%	Pop.	%	Pop.	%	Pop.	%	Pop.	%	Pop.	%
Patiala State	363,920	22.39%	632,972	38.94%	623,597	38.36%	1,449	0.09%	3,578	0.22%	4	0%	1,625,520	100%
Firozpur District	515,430	44.56%	388,108	33.55%	244,688	21.15%	7,070	0.61%	1,411	0.12%	25	0%	1,156,732	100%
Amritsar District	524,676	46.97%	399,951	35.8%	174,556	15.63%	16,619	1.49%	1,272	0.11%	46	0%	1,117,120	100%
Hoshiarpur District	328,078	31.78%	173,147	16.77%	526,182	50.98%	3,764	0.36%	1,016	0.1%	0	0%	1,032,187	100%
Jalandhar District	419,556	44.46%	249,571	26.45%	268,822	28.49%	4,323	0.46%	1,379	0.15%	70	0.01%	943,721	100%
Gurdaspur District^[i]	367,388	50.78%	162,741	22.49%	154,631	21.37%	38,756	5.36%	15	0%	4	0%	723,535	100%
Ludhiana District	235,598	35.03%	312,829	46.52%	120,161	17.87%	2,477	0.37%	1,419	0.21%	10	0%	672,494	100%
Kapurthala State	179,251	56.59%	72,177	22.79%	64,319	20.31%	983	0.31%	27	0.01%	0	0%	316,757	100%
Nabha State	57,393	19.96%	97,452	33.89%	132,354	46.02%	66	0.02%	309	0.11%	0	0%	287,574	100%
Faridkot State	49,912	30.37%	92,880	56.51%	20,855	12.69%	167	0.1%	550	0.33%	0	0%	164,364	100%
Malerkotla State	31,417	37.82%	28,982	34.89%	21,252	25.58%	135	0.16%	1,286	1.55%	0	0%	83,072	100%
Total	3,072,619	37.83%	2,610,810	32.14%	2,351,417	28.95%	75,809	0.93%	12,262	0.15%	159	0.002%	8,123,076	100%
Territory comprises the contemporary state of Punjab, India.

1921 census

East Punjab region

Religions in East Punjab, India region (1921)^{[52]: 29 [k]}

  Hinduism (53.00%)

  Islam (29.05%)

  Sikhism (16.99%)

  Christianity (0.65%)

  Jainism (0.27%)

  Others^[h] (0.05%)

Prior to partition, the eastern portion of Punjab that was ultimately awarded to India following the demarcation of the Radcliffe Line was made into a new province – East Punjab. The area includes the contemporary states of Punjab, Haryana, and Himachal Pradesh. Below is the religious demographics of this region broken down by district and princely state with an overall total as per the 1921 Indian census.

Religion in the Districts & Princely States of East Punjab, India region (1921)^{[52]: 29 [k]}

District/ Princely State	Hinduism		Islam		Sikhism		Christianity		Jainism		Others^[h]		Total
	Pop.	%	Pop.	%	Pop.	%	Pop.	%	Pop.	%	Pop.	%	Pop.	%
Patiala State	642,055	42.81%	330,341	22.03%	522,675	34.85%	1,395	0.09%	3,249	0.22%	24	0%	1,499,739	100%
Firozpur District	306,350	27.89%	482,540	43.94%	302,761	27.57%	5,365	0.49%	1,211	0.11%	21	0%	1,098,248	100%
Amritsar District	204,435	22%	423,724	45.59%	287,004	30.88%	12,773	1.37%	1,375	0.15%	63	0.01%	929,374	100%
Hoshiarpur District	500,339	53.95%	289,298	31.19%	132,958	14.34%	3,745	0.4%	1,079	0.12%	0	0%	927,419	100%
Karnal District	573,224	69.17%	235,618	28.43%	12,280	1.48%	3,382	0.41%	4,222	0.51%	0	0%	828,726	100%
Jalandhar District	244,995	29.79%	366,586	44.57%	206,130	25.06%	4,088	0.5%	736	0.09%	9	0%	822,544	100%
Hisar District	548,351	67.13%	215,943	26.44%	45,615	5.58%	1,024	0.13%	5,874	0.72%	3	0%	816,810	100%
Rohtak District	629,592	81.52%	125,035	16.19%	602	0.08%	10,033	1.3%	7,010	0.91%	0	0%	772,272	100%
Kangra District	722,277	94.28%	38,263	4.99%	2,083	0.27%	363	0.05%	56	0.01%	3,023	0.39%	766,065	100%
Gurgaon District	460,134	67.47%	216,860	31.8%	924	0.14%	1,316	0.19%	2,762	0.4%	7	0%	682,003	100%
Ambala District	370,125	54.31%	205,750	30.19%	97,614	14.32%	5,679	0.83%	2,272	0.33%	37	0.01%	681,477	100%
Gurdaspur District^[i]	168,178	26.3%	316,709	49.54%	125,322	19.6%	29,099	4.55%	20	0%	15	0%	639,343	100%
Ludhiana District	135,512	23.87%	192,961	33.99%	235,721	41.53%	1,613	0.28%	1,796	0.32%	19	0%	567,622	100%
Jind State	234,721	76.16%	43,251	14.03%	28,026	9.09%	637	0.21%	1,548	0.5%	0	0%	308,183	100%
Simla Hill States	292,768	95.45%	9,551	3.11%	2,040	0.67%	164	0.05%	142	0.05%	2,053	0.67%	306,718	100%
Kapurthala State	58,412	20.55%	160,457	56.44%	64,074	22.54%	1,100	0.39%	228	0.08%	4	0%	284,275	100%
Nabha State	133,870	50.84%	50,756	19.27%	78,389	29.77%	41	0.02%	278	0.11%	0	0%	263,334	100%
Mandi State	181,358	98.01%	3,462	1.87%	142	0.08%	10	0.01%	0	0%	76	0.04%	185,048	100%
Faridkot State	38,610	25.63%	44,813	29.74%	66,658	44.24%	107	0.07%	473	0.31%	0	0%	150,661	100%
Chamba State	130,489	91.98%	10,529	7.42%	242	0.17%	63	0.04%	3	0%	541	0.38%	141,867	100%
Nahan State	132,431	94.29%	6,449	4.59%	1,449	1.03%	44	0.03%	65	0.05%	10	0.01%	140,448	100%
Bilaspur State	96,000	97.96%	1,559	1.59%	437	0.45%	4	0%	0	0%	0	0%	98,000	100%
Malerkotla State	29,459	36.68%	28,413	35.37%	21,828	27.18%	37	0.05%	585	0.73%	0	0%	80,322	100%
Kalsia State	28,769	50.15%	20,394	35.55%	8,014	13.97%	4	0.01%	190	0.33%	0	0%	57,371	100%
Suket State	53,625	98.71%	659	1.21%	44	0.08%	0	0%	0	0%	0	0%	54,328	100%
Simla District	33,228	73.31%	6,953	15.34%	1,173	2.59%	3,823	8.43%	90	0.2%	60	0.13%	45,327	100%
Dujana State	20,135	77.94%	5,698	22.06%	0	0%	0	0%	0	0%	0	0%	25,833	100%
Loharu State	17,978	87.18%	2,625	12.73%	0	0%	0	0%	18	0.09%	0	0%	20,621	100%
Pataudi State	15,090	83.38%	2,898	16.01%	0	0%	0	0%	109	0.6%	0	0%	18,097	100%
Total	7,002,510	53%	3,838,095	29.05%	2,244,205	16.99%	85,909	0.65%	35,391	0.27%	5,965	0.05%	13,212,075	100%
Territory comprises the contemporary subdivisions of Punjab, India, Chandigarh, Haryana, and Himachal Pradesh.

Contemporary Punjab state

Religions in contemporary Punjab State, India region (1921)^{[52]: 29 [c]}

  Islam (36.99%)

  Hinduism (33.90%)

  Sikhism (28.14%)

  Christianity (0.82%)

  Jainism (0.15%)

  Others^[h] (0.002%)

The religious demography according to the 1921 census for the region that comprises the contemporary state of Punjab, India is also shown below, broken down by district and princely state with an overall total.

Religion in the Districts & Princely States that comprise contemporary Punjab State, India region (1921)^{[52]: 29 [c]}

District/ Princely State	Islam		Hinduism		Sikhism		Christianity		Jainism		Others^[h]		Total
	Pop.	%	Pop.	%	Pop.	%	Pop.	%	Pop.	%	Pop.	%	Pop.	%
Patiala State	330,341	22.03%	642,055	42.81%	522,675	34.85%	1,395	0.09%	3,249	0.22%	24	0%	1,499,739	100%
Firozpur District	482,540	43.94%	306,350	27.89%	302,761	27.57%	5,365	0.49%	1,211	0.11%	21	0%	1,098,248	100%
Amritsar District	423,724	45.59%	204,435	22%	287,004	30.88%	12,773	1.37%	1,375	0.15%	63	0.01%	929,374	100%
Hoshiarpur District	289,298	31.19%	500,339	53.95%	132,958	14.34%	3,745	0.4%	1,079	0.12%	0	0%	927,419	100%
Jalandhar District	366,586	44.57%	244,995	29.79%	206,130	25.06%	4,088	0.5%	736	0.09%	9	0%	822,544	100%
Gurdaspur District^[i]	316,709	49.54%	168,178	26.3%	125,322	19.6%	29,099	4.55%	20	0%	15	0%	639,343	100%
Ludhiana District	192,961	33.99%	135,512	23.87%	235,721	41.53%	1,613	0.28%	1,796	0.32%	19	0%	567,622	100%
Kapurthala State	160,457	56.44%	58,412	20.55%	64,074	22.54%	1,100	0.39%	228	0.08%	4	0%	284,275	100%
Nabha State	50,756	19.27%	133,870	50.84%	78,389	29.77%	41	0.02%	278	0.11%	0	0%	263,334	100%
Faridkot State	44,813	29.74%	38,610	25.63%	66,658	44.24%	107	0.07%	473	0.31%	0	0%	150,661	100%
Malerkotla State	28,413	35.37%	29,459	36.68%	21,828	27.18%	37	0.05%	585	0.73%	0	0%	80,322	100%
Total	2,686,598	36.99%	2,462,215	33.9%	2,043,520	28.14%	59,363	0.82%	11,030	0.15%	155	0.002%	7,262,881	100%
Territory comprises the contemporary state of Punjab, India.

1911 census

East Punjab region

Religions in East Punjab, India region (1911)^{[53]: 27 [54]: 27 [l]}

  Hinduism (54.48%)

  Islam (28.90%)

  Sikhism (15.82%)

  Christianity (0.42%)

  Jainism (0.31%)

  Others^[h] (0.06%)

Prior to partition, the eastern portion of Punjab that was ultimately awarded to India following the demarcation of the Radcliffe Line was made into a new province – East Punjab. The area includes the contemporary states of Punjab, Haryana, and Himachal Pradesh. Below is the religious demographics of this region broken down by district and princely state with an overall total as per the 1911 Indian census.

Religion in the Districts & Princely States of East Punjab, India region (1911)^{[53]: 27 [54]: 27 [l]}

District/ Princely State	Hinduism		Islam		Sikhism		Christianity		Jainism		Others^[h]		Total
	Pop.	%	Pop.	%	Pop.	%	Pop.	%	Pop.	%	Pop.	%	Pop.	%
Patiala State	563,940	40.06%	307,384	21.84%	532,292	37.81%	739	0.05%	3,282	0.23%	22	0%	1,407,659	100%
Firozpur District	273,832	28.53%	418,553	43.61%	262,511	27.35%	3,342	0.35%	1,401	0.15%	18	0%	959,657	100%
Hoshiarpur District	498,642	54.28%	281,805	30.68%	134,146	14.6%	2,978	0.32%	998	0.11%	0	0%	918,569	100%
Amritsar District	211,708	24.04%	408,882	46.43%	253,941	28.83%	4,763	0.54%	1,386	0.16%	48	0.01%	880,728	100%
Hisar District	541,720	67.3%	218,600	27.16%	38,508	4.78%	273	0.03%	5,767	0.72%	21	0%	804,889	100%
Jalandhar District	265,378	33.09%	357,051	44.52%	176,227	21.98%	2,404	0.3%	842	0.1%	18	0%	801,920	100%
Karnal District	556,203	69.54%	224,920	28.12%	13,531	1.69%	920	0.12%	4,213	0.53%	0	0%	799,787	100%
Kangra District	725,156	94.13%	38,859	5.04%	1,910	0.25%	386	0.05%	81	0.01%	3,994	0.52%	770,386	100%
Rohtak District	450,549	83.21%	86,076	15.9%	161	0.03%	334	0.06%	4,369	0.81%	0	0%	541,489	100%
Ambala District	380,592	55.16%	205,203	29.74%	94,471	13.69%	7,483	1.08%	2,187	0.32%	34	0%	689,970	100%
Delhi District	469,561	71.4%	171,745	26.12%	2,985	0.45%	5,693	0.87%	7,539	1.15%	81	0.01%	657,604	100%
Gurgaon District	421,885	65.59%	217,237	33.78%	342	0.05%	782	0.12%	2,921	0.45%	10	0%	643,177	100%
Gurdaspur District^[i]	190,965	30.49%	304,860	48.67%	110,525	17.65%	19,879	3.17%	73	0.01%	22	0%	626,324	100%
Ludhiana District	131,370	25.4%	176,043	34.04%	207,042	40.03%	888	0.17%	1,849	0.36%	0	0%	517,192	100%
Simla Hill States	386,953	95.7%	11,374	2.81%	2,911	0.72%	224	0.06%	172	0.04%	2,709	0.67%	404,343	100%
Jind State	210,222	77.36%	37,520	13.81%	22,566	8.3%	187	0.07%	1,233	0.45%	0	0%	271,728	100%
Kapurthala State	61,426	22.91%	152,117	56.73%	54,275	20.24%	107	0.04%	205	0.08%	3	0%	268,133	100%
Nabha State	126,414	50.79%	46,032	18.5%	76,198	30.62%	5	0%	238	0.1%	0	0%	248,887	100%
Mandi State	178,115	98.35%	2,799	1.55%	26	0.01%	4	0%	2	0%	164	0.09%	181,110	100%
Nahan State	130,276	94.05%	6,016	4.34%	2,142	1.55%	37	0.03%	49	0.04%	0	0%	138,520	100%
Chamba State	126,269	92.93%	8,750	6.44%	141	0.1%	81	0.06%	5	0%	627	0.46%	135,873	100%
Faridkot State	37,377	28.69%	37,105	28.48%	55,397	42.52%	6	0%	409	0.31%	0	0%	130,294	100%
Malerkotla State	22,902	32.19%	25,942	36.46%	21,018	29.54%	14	0.02%	1,268	1.78%	0	0%	71,144	100%
Kalsia State	30,640	54.8%	18,820	33.66%	6,258	11.19%	31	0.06%	160	0.29%	0	0%	55,909	100%
Suket State	54,268	98.8%	587	1.07%	71	0.13%	2	0%	0	0%	0	0%	54,928	100%
Simla District	29,047	73.87%	5,820	14.8%	693	1.76%	3,666	9.32%	49	0.12%	45	0.11%	39,320	100%
Dujana State	20,161	79.11%	5,324	20.89%	0	0%	0	0%	0	0%	0	0%	25,485	100%
Pataudi State	16,114	82.45%	3,338	17.08%	0	0%	9	0.05%	82	0.42%	0	0%	19,543	100%
Loharu State	16,178	86.99%	2,401	12.91%	0	0%	0	0%	18	0.1%	0	0%	18,597	100%
Total	7,127,863	54.48%	3,781,163	28.9%	2,070,288	15.82%	55,237	0.42%	40,798	0.31%	7,816	0.06%	13,083,165	100%
Territory comprises the contemporary subdivisions of Punjab, India, Chandigarh, Haryana, and Himachal Pradesh.

Contemporary Punjab state

Religions in contemporary Punjab State, India region (1911)^{[53]: 27 [54]: 27 [b]}

  Islam (36.83%)

  Hinduism (34.90%)

  Sikhism (27.58%)

  Christianity (0.51%)

  Jainism (0.17%)

  Others^[h] (0.002%)

The religious demography according to the 1911 census for the region that comprises the contemporary state of Punjab, India is also shown below, broken down by district and princely state with an overall total.

Religion in the Districts & Princely States that comprise contemporary Punjab State, India region (1911)^{[53]: 27 [54]: 27 [b]}

District/ Princely State	Islam		Hinduism		Sikhism		Christianity		Jainism		Others^[h]		Total
	Pop.	%	Pop.	%	Pop.	%	Pop.	%	Pop.	%	Pop.	%	Pop.	%
Patiala State	307,384	21.84%	563,940	40.06%	532,292	37.81%	739	0.05%	3,282	0.23%	22	0%	1,407,659	100%
Firozpur District	418,553	43.61%	273,832	28.53%	262,511	27.35%	3,342	0.35%	1,401	0.15%	18	0%	959,657	100%
Hoshiarpur District	281,805	30.68%	498,642	54.28%	134,146	14.6%	2,978	0.32%	998	0.11%	0	0%	918,569	100%
Amritsar District	408,882	46.43%	211,708	24.04%	253,941	28.83%	4,763	0.54%	1,386	0.16%	48	0.01%	880,728	100%
Jalandhar District	357,051	44.52%	265,378	33.09%	176,227	21.98%	2,404	0.3%	842	0.1%	18	0%	801,920	100%
Gurdaspur District^[i]	304,860	48.67%	190,965	30.49%	110,525	17.65%	19,879	3.17%	73	0.01%	22	0%	626,324	100%
Ludhiana District	176,043	34.04%	131,370	25.4%	207,042	40.03%	888	0.17%	1,849	0.36%	0	0%	517,192	100%
Kapurthala State	152,117	56.73%	61,426	22.91%	54,275	20.24%	107	0.04%	205	0.08%	3	0%	268,133	100%
Nabha State	46,032	18.5%	126,414	50.79%	76,198	30.62%	5	0%	238	0.1%	0	0%	248,887	100%
Faridkot State	37,105	28.48%	37,377	28.69%	55,397	42.52%	6	0%	409	0.31%	0	0%	130,294	100%
Malerkotla State	25,942	36.46%	22,902	32.19%	21,018	29.54%	14	0.02%	1,268	1.78%	0	0%	71,144	100%
Total	2,515,774	36.83%	2,383,954	34.9%	1,883,572	27.58%	35,125	0.51%	11,951	0.17%	131	0.002%	6,830,507	100%
Territory comprises the contemporary state of Punjab, India.

1901 census

East Punjab region

Religions in East Punjab, India region (1901)^{[55]: 34 [56]: 62 [m]}

  Hinduism (58.63%)

  Islam (29.54%)

  Sikhism (11.30%)

  Jainism (0.31%)

  Christianity (0.17%)

  Others^[h] (0.05%)

Prior to partition, the eastern portion of Punjab that was ultimately awarded to India following the demarcation of the Radcliffe Line was made into a new province – East Punjab. The area includes the contemporary states of Punjab, Haryana, and Himachal Pradesh. Below is the religious demographics of this region broken down by district and princely state with an overall total as per the 1901 Indian census.

Religion in the Districts & Princely States of East Punjab, India region (1901)^{[55]: 34 [56]: 62 [m]}

District/ Princely State	Hinduism		Islam		Sikhism		Jainism		Christianity		Others^[h]		Total
	Pop.	%	Pop.	%	Pop.	%	Pop.	%	Pop.	%	Pop.	%	Pop.	%
Patiala State	880,490	55.14%	357,334	22.38%	355,649	22.27%	2,877	0.18%	316	0.02%	26	0%	1,596,692	100%
Amritsar District	280,985	27.44%	474,976	46.39%	264,329	25.82%	1,439	0.14%	2,078	0.2%	21	0%	1,023,828	100%
Hoshiarpur District	603,710	60.99%	312,958	31.62%	71,126	7.19%	1,173	0.12%	813	0.08%	2	0%	989,782	100%
Firozpur District	279,099	29.13%	447,615	46.72%	228,355	23.83%	1,090	0.11%	1,908	0.2%	5	0%	958,072	100%
Jalandhar District	368,051	40.11%	421,011	45.88%	125,817	13.71%	969	0.11%	1,713	0.19%	26	0%	917,587	100%
Karnal District	623,597	70.6%	241,412	27.33%	12,294	1.39%	4,739	0.54%	1,179	0.13%	4	0%	883,225	100%
Ambala District	510,105	62.52%	240,710	29.5%	58,073	7.12%	2,614	0.32%	4,362	0.53%	16	0%	815,880	100%
Hisar District	544,799	69.69%	202,009	25.84%	28,642	3.66%	6,003	0.77%	253	0.03%	11	0%	781,717	100%
Kangra District	722,554	94.07%	39,672	5.16%	1,220	0.16%	113	0.01%	385	0.05%	4,180	0.54%	768,124	100%
Gurgaon District	499,373	66.92%	242,548	32.5%	99	0.01%	3,909	0.52%	278	0.04%	1	0%	746,208	100%
Gurdaspur District^[i]	268,817	38.08%	348,182	49.33%	85,199	12.07%	72	0.01%	3,571	0.51%	28	0%	705,869	100%
Delhi District	510,532	74.09%	167,290	24.28%	294	0.04%	7,726	1.12%	3,158	0.46%	39	0.01%	689,039	100%
Ludhiana District	269,076	39.98%	235,937	35.05%	164,919	24.5%	2,217	0.33%	947	0.14%	1	0%	673,097	100%
Rohtak District	533,723	84.63%	91,687	14.54%	94	0.01%	5,087	0.81%	80	0.01%	1	0%	630,672	100%
Simla Hill States	373,886	96.03%	11,535	2.96%	1,318	0.34%	274	0.07%	113	0.03%	2,223	0.57%	389,349	100%
Kapurthala State	93,652	29.79%	178,326	56.73%	42,101	13.39%	226	0.07%	39	0.01%	7	0%	314,351	100%
Nabha State	160,553	53.89%	58,550	19.65%	78,361	26.3%	476	0.16%	7	0%	2	0%	297,949	100%
Jind State	211,963	75.16%	38,717	13.73%	29,975	10.63%	1,258	0.45%	80	0.03%	10	0%	282,003	100%
Mandi State	170,304	97.85%	3,187	1.83%	41	0.02%	0	0%	3	0%	510	0.29%	174,045	100%
Nahan State	128,478	94.69%	6,414	4.73%	688	0.51%	61	0.04%	46	0.03%	0	0%	135,687	100%
Chamba State	119,327	93.35%	8,332	6.52%	80	0.06%	3	0%	70	0.05%	22	0.02%	127,834	100%
Faridkot State	35,778	28.64%	35,996	28.82%	52,721	42.21%	406	0.33%	11	0.01%	0	0%	124,912	100%
Malerkotla State	38,409	49.56%	27,229	35.13%	10,495	13.54%	1,361	1.76%	12	0.02%	0	0%	77,506	100%
Kalsia State	38,626	57.5%	21,921	32.63%	6,453	9.61%	181	0.27%	0	0%	0	0%	67,181	100%
Suket State	54,005	98.77%	665	1.22%	6	0.01%	0	0%	0	0%	0	0%	54,676	100%
Simla District	30,299	75.09%	6,675	16.54%	544	1.35%	32	0.08%	2,798	6.93%	3	0.01%	40,351	100%
Dujana State	18,380	76.03%	5,790	23.95%	4	0.02%	0	0%	0	0%	0	0%	24,174	100%
Pataudi State	18,281	83.35%	3,549	16.18%	0	0%	103	0.47%	0	0%	0	0%	21,933	100%
Loharu State	13,254	87.03%	1,963	12.89%	0	0%	12	0.08%	0	0%	0	0%	15,229	100%
Total	8,400,106	58.63%	4,232,190	29.54%	1,618,897	11.3%	44,421	0.31%	24,220	0.17%	7,138	0.05%	14,326,972	100%
Territory comprises the contemporary subdivisions of Punjab, India, Chandigarh, Haryana, and Himachal Pradesh.

Contemporary Punjab state

Religions in contemporary Punjab State, India region (1901)^{[55]: 34 [56]: 62 [a]}

  Hinduism (42.69%)

  Islam (37.74%)

  Sikhism (19.26%)

  Jainism (0.16%)

  Christianity (0.15%)

  Others^[h] (0.002%)

The religious demography according to the 1901 census for the region that comprises the contemporary state of Punjab, India is also shown below, broken down by district and princely state with an overall total.

Religion in the Districts & Princely States that comprise contemporary Punjab State, India region (1901)^{[55]: 34 [56]: 62 [a]}

District/ Princely State	Islam		Hinduism		Sikhism		Jainism		Christianity		Others^[h]		Total
	Pop.	%	Pop.	%	Pop.	%	Pop.	%	Pop.	%	Pop.	%	Pop.	%
Patiala State	880,490	55.14%	357,334	22.38%	355,649	22.27%	2,877	0.18%	316	0.02%	26	0%	1,596,692	100%
Amritsar District	280,985	27.44%	474,976	46.39%	264,329	25.82%	1,439	0.14%	2,078	0.2%	21	0%	1,023,828	100%
Hoshiarpur District	603,710	60.99%	312,958	31.62%	71,126	7.19%	1,173	0.12%	813	0.08%	2	0%	989,782	100%
Firozpur District	279,099	29.13%	447,615	46.72%	228,355	23.83%	1,090	0.11%	1,908	0.2%	5	0%	958,072	100%
Jalandhar District	368,051	40.11%	421,011	45.88%	125,817	13.71%	969	0.11%	1,713	0.19%	26	0%	917,587	100%
Gurdaspur District^[i]	268,817	38.08%	348,182	49.33%	85,199	12.07%	72	0.01%	3,571	0.51%	28	0%	705,869	100%
Ludhiana District	269,076	39.98%	235,937	35.05%	164,919	24.5%	2,217	0.33%	947	0.14%	1	0%	673,097	100%
Kapurthala State	93,652	29.79%	178,326	56.73%	42,101	13.39%	226	0.07%	39	0.01%	7	0%	314,351	100%
Nabha State	160,553	53.89%	58,550	19.65%	78,361	26.3%	476	0.16%	7	0%	2	0%	297,949	100%
Faridkot State	35,778	28.64%	35,996	28.82%	52,721	42.21%	406	0.33%	11	0.01%	0	0%	124,912	100%
Malerkotla State	38,409	49.56%	27,229	35.13%	10,495	13.54%	1,361	1.76%	12	0.02%	0	0%	77,506	100%
Total	3,278,620	42.69%	2,898,114	37.74%	1,479,072	19.26%	12,306	0.16%	11,415	0.15%	118	0.002%	7,679,645	100%
Territory comprises the contemporary state of Punjab, India.

Sikhism in Punjab

Main articles: Sikhs and Sikhism in India

Decadal Sikh Population in Punjab, India

Year	Pop.	±%
1901	1,479,072	—
1911	1,883,572	+27.3%
1921	2,043,520	+8.5%
1931	2,610,810	+27.8%
1941	3,281,341	+25.7%
1951	5,553,918	+69.3%
1961	6,178,516	+11.2%
1971	8,160,232	+32.1%
1981	10,199,534	+25.0%
1991	12,768,393	+25.2%
2001	14,592,868	+14.3%
2011	16,004,754	+9.7%
Source: census of India^[a]^[b]^[c]^[d]^[e]^[57]^[58]

 

Sikh pilgrims at the causeway to the sanctum of the Harmandir Sahib, the holiest Sikh Gurdwara

Sikhism was born in the Punjab area of South Asia, which now falls into the present day states of India and Pakistan. The main religions of the area at the time were Hinduism and Islam.The Sikh faith began around 1500 CE, when Guru Nanak began teaching a faith that was quite distinct from Hinduism and Islam. Nine Gurus followed Nanak and developed the Sikh faith and community over the next centuries.^[59]

The Sikh population in India's Punjab have grown from 5.53 million in 1951 to 16 million in 2011 census (an increase of 10.47 million in last 60 years). Sikhs in Punjab have the lowest fertility rate of 1.6 children per women as per census 2011.^[60]

Decadal percentage of Sikhs in Punjab, India^{[a][b][c][d][e][57][58]}

Year	Percent	Increase
1901	19.26%	N/A
1911	27.58%	+8.32%
1921	28.14%	+0.56%
1931	32.14%	+4.00%
1941	33.63%	+1.49%
1951	60.62%	+26.99%
1961	55.48%	-5.14%
1971	60.22%	+4.74%
1981	60.75%	+0.53%
1991	62.95%	+2.2%
2001	59.91%	-3.04%
2011	57.69%	-2.22%

After the 1947 Partition of Punjab, Sikhs became the majority religious group in Indian Punjab mainly due to the immigration of 2 million Sikhs from Pakistan into Indian Punjab, which have ultimately resulted in an increase in Sikh percentage from 33.70% in 1941 to 60.62% in 1951.^[57][58][61] While population that adheres to Sikh faith has increased, the percentage of Sikhs has declined from 60.62% in 1951 to 57.69% (a decline of 2.93% in last 60 years).

Hinduism in Punjab

Main article: Punjabi Hindus

Decadal Hindu Population in Punjab, India

Year	Pop.	±%
1901	3,278,620	—
1911	2,383,954	−27.3%
1921	2,462,215	+3.3%
1931	2,351,417	−4.5%
1941	2,597,038	+10.4%
1951	3,449,844	+32.8%
1961	4,256,936	+23.4%
1971	5,087,067	+19.5%
1981	6,200,146	+21.9%
1991	6,989,166	+12.7%
2001	8,998,214	+28.7%
2011	10,678,410	+18.7%
Source: census of India^[a]^[b]^[c]^[d]^[e]^[57]^[58]^[62]

Hinduism is the second largest and fastest growing religion in the Indian state of Punjab with around 38.5% followers as of 2011 census. Hinduism is the 2nd largest religion of Punjabi peoples. It was the largest religion in Punjab before the advent of Islam from the West and birth of Sikhism in Punjab region from the east.^[63] The Hindu population has increased drastically in the Indian Punjab from 1941 to 1951 mainly due to the immigration of 1 million Punjabi Hindu refugees from Pakistan's Punjab.^[64]

Decadal percentage of Hindus in Punjab, India^{[a][b][c][d][e][57][58][62]}

Year	Percent	Increase
1901	42.69%	N/A
1911	34.90%	-7.79%
1921	33.90%	-1.00%
1931	28.95%	-4.95%
1941	26.62%	-2.33%
1951	37.66%	+11.04%
1961	38.23%	+0.57%
1971	37.54%	-0.69%
1981	36.93%	-0.61%
1991	34.46%	-2.47%
2001	36.94%	+2.48%
2011	38.49%	+1.55%

The Hindu percentage remained stable for decades. The Hindu percentage have increased from 37.66% in 1951 to 38.49% in 2011.

The Hindu population have increased from 3.44 million in 1951 to 10.67 million in 2011 (a growth of 7.23 million in 6 decades). Hindus in Punjab have a fertility rate of 1.9 children per women as per as census 2011.^[65]

Islam in Punjab

Main articles: Punjabi Muslims and Islam in Punjab, India

Decadal Muslim Population in Punjab, India

Year	Pop.	±%
1901	2,898,114	—
1911	2,515,774	−13.2%
1921	2,686,598	+6.8%
1931	3,072,619	+14.4%
1941	3,748,410	+22.0%
1947	90,172	−97.6%
1951	110,160	+22.2%
1961	181,234	+64.5%
1971	252,688	+39.4%
1981	321,287	+27.1%
1991	390,077	+21.4%
2001	382,045	−2.1%
2011	535,489	+40.2%
Source: Census of India^[a]^[b]^[c]^[d]^[e]

 

A photo of a mosque in Punjab, India

The Muslim population in the region that comprises the contemporary state of Punjab, India reduced from approximately 38.4% according to the 1941 census^[e] to 0.5% in 1947 as a result of Partition of Punjab riots which were caused during 1947 mainly in the various parts of East Punjab.

Prior to partition, according to the 1941 census, approximately 3.75 million Muslims resided in the region that forms the contemporary state of Punjab in India.^[e] At the time, Muslims formed the largest religious community in the region, comprising a narrow plurality at approximately 38.4 percent of the total population.^[e] Following the partition of India, the vast majority departed the region en masse, migrating westward to the Punjab region that fell on the western side of the Radcliffe Line, in the contemporary state of Punjab, Pakistan.

Most native Punjabi Muslims now live in Malerkotla, and it is the only district where communal violence haven't occurred during partition because Guru Gobind Singh Ji have promised the Nawab of Malerkotla, Sher Mohammad Khan that the Muslim community in Malerkotla would never be harmed in the future times to come and as a result of Guru ji's blessing words, most of the Muslims were able to stayed back there.^[66][67] Apart from Malerkotla, most of the Muslims living in other parts of Punjab are non-native and have came from neighbouring states of Uttar Pradesh, Haryana, Rajasthan, Jammu & Kashmir on temporary basis as immigrants workers (small scale) and students.

Muslims in Punjab have a fertility rate of 2.4 children per women as per 2011 census.^[65] Islam is the fastest-growing religion in Punjab.^[68]

Decadal percentage of Muslims in Punjab, India^{[a][b][c][d][e][69][70][62] [71]}

Year	Percent	Increase
1901	37.74%	N/A
1911	36.83%	-0.91%
1921	36.99%	+0.16%
1931	37.83%	+0.84%
1941	38.42%	+0.59%
1947	0.5%	-37.92%
1951	0.63%	+0.13%
1961	0.82%	+0.19%
1971	0.93%	+0.11%
1981	1%	+0.07%
1991	1.18%	+0.18%
2001	1.57%	+0.39%
2011	1.93%	+0.36%

Religious population by districts

Religious population by district (2011)^[45]

#	District	Sikh	Hindu	Muslim	Christian	Jain	Buddhist	Other religions	Religion not stated
1	Amritsar	1,716,935	690,939	12,502	54,344	3,152	876	5,488	10,864
2	Barnala	467,751	112,859	13,100	622	246	108	481	360
3	Bathinda	984,286	380,569	16,299	2,474	1,266	246	559	2,826
4	Faridkot	469,789	141,363	3,125	1,227	1,109	155	103	637
5	Fatehgarh Sahib	427,521	152,851	16,808	1,698	178	48	251	808
6	Firozpur	1,090,815	906,408	6,844	19,358	1,143	454	278	3,774
7	Gurdaspur	1,002,874	1,074,332	27,667	176,587	580	405	812	15,066
8	Hoshiarpur	538,208	1,000,743	23,089	14,968	2034	3,476	531	3,576
9	Jalandhar	718,363	1,394,329	30,233	26,016	4,011	11,385	805	8,448
10	Kapurthala	453,692	336,124	10,190	5,445	553	6,662	334	2,168
11	Ludhiana	1,863,408	1,502,403	77,713	16,517	19,620	2,007	1,254	15,817
12	Mansa	598,443	156,539	10,656	917	1,577	123	493	1,284
13	Moga	818,921	158,414	9,388	3,277	436	178	365	4,767
14	Muktsar	638,625	254,920	4,333	1,681	744	240	433	920
15	Patiala	1,059,944	783,306	40,043	5,683	1,914	245	1,410	3,141
16	Rupnagar	361,045	304,481	14,492	2,094	653	118	143	1,601
17	Mohali	478,908	476,276	29,488	5,342	1,257	257	239	2,861
18	Sangrur	1,077,438	389,410	179,116	2,406	3,222	268	1,038	2,271
19	Nawanshehar	192,885	401,368	6,829	1,479	695	5,885	266	2,903
20	Tarn Taran	1,044,903	60,504	3,855	6,095	650	101	47	3,472
Punjab (Total)		16,004,754	10,678,138	535,489	348,230	45,040	33,237	10,886	87,564

Religious population proportion by district (2011)^[45]

#	District	Sikh	Hindu	Muslim	Christian	Jain	Buddhist	Other religions	Religion not stated
1	Amritsar	68.94%	27.74%	0.50%	2.18%	0.13%	0.04%	0.04%	0.44%
2	Barnala	78.54%	18.95%	2.20%	0.10%	0.04%	0.02%	0.08%	0.06%
3	Bathinda	70.89%	27.41%	1.17%	0.18%	0.09%	0.02%	0.04%	0.20%
4	Faridkot	76.08%	22.89%	0.51%	0.20%	0.18%	0.03%	0.02%	0.10%
5	Fatehgarh Sahib	71.23%	25.47%	2.80%	0.28%	0.03%	0.01%	0.04%	0.13%
6	Firozpur	53.76%	44.67%	0.34%	0.95%	0.06%	0.02%	0.01%	0.19%
7	Gurdaspur	43.64%	46.74%	1.20%	7.68%	0.03%	0.02%	0.04%	0.66%
8	Hoshiarpur	33.92%	63.07%	1.46%	0.94%	0.13%	0.22%	0.03%	0.23%
9	Jalandhar	32.75%	63.56%	1.38%	1.19%	0.18%	0.52%	0.04%	0.39%
10	Kapurthala	55.66%	41.23%	1.25%	0.67%	0.07%	0.82%	0.04%	0.27%
11	Ludhiana	53.26%	42.94%	2.22%	0.47%	0.56%	0.06%	0.04%	0.45%
12	Mansa	77.75%	20.34%	1.35%	0.12%	0.20%	0.02%	0.06%	0.17%
13	Moga	82.24%	15.91%	0.94%	0.33%	0.04%	0.02%	0.04%	0.48%
14	Muktsar	70.81%	28.26%	0.48%	0.19%	0.08%	0.03%	0.05%	0.10%
15	Patiala	55.91%	41.32%	2.11%	0.30%	0.10%	0.01%	0.07%	0.17%
16	Rupnagar	52.74%	44.47%	2.12%	0.31%	0.10%	0.02%	0.02%	0.23%
17	Mohali	48.15%	47.88%	2.96%	0.54%	0.13%	0.03%	0.02%	0.29%
18	Sangrur	65.10%	23.53%	10.82%	0.15%	0.19%	0.02%	0.06%	0.14%
19	Nawanshehar	31.50%	65.55%	1.12%	0.24%	0.11%	0.96%	0.04%	0.47%
20	Tarn Taran	93.33%	5.40%	0.34%	0.54%	0.06%	0.01%	0.00%	0.31%
Punjab (Total)		57.69%	38.49%	1.93%	1.26%	0.16%	0.12%	0.04%	0.32%

See also

• Punjabis
• Sikhs
• Punjabi Hindus
• Punjabi Muslims
• Health in Punjab, India
• Women in Punjab, India

Notes

1. 1901 figure taken from census data by combining the total population of all districts (Jalandhar, Ludhiana, Firozpur, Amritsar, Hoshiarpur, and Gurdaspur (minus Shakargarh Tehsil)), and princely states (Kapurthala, Malerkotla, Faridkot, Patiala, and Nabha) which are in the region that comprises the contemporary state of Punjab, India. See 1901 census data here:^[55]: 34
2. 1911 figure taken from census data by combining the total population of all districts (Jalandhar, Ludhiana, Firozpur, Amritsar, Hoshiarpur, and Gurdaspur (minus Shakargarh Tehsil)), and princely states (Kapurthala, Malerkotla, Faridkot, Patiala, and Nabha) which are in the region that comprises the contemporary state of Punjab, India. See 1911 census data here:^{[53]: 27 [54]: 27}
3. 1921 figure taken from census data by combining the total population of all districts (Jalandhar, Ludhiana, Firozpur, Amritsar, Hoshiarpur, and Gurdaspur (minus Shakargarh Tehsil)), and princely states (Kapurthala, Malerkotla, Faridkot, Patiala, and Nabha) which are in the region that comprises the contemporary state of Punjab, India. See 1921 census data here:^[52]: 29
4. 1931 figure taken from census data by combining the total population of all districts (Jalandhar, Ludhiana, Firozpur, Amritsar, Hoshiarpur, and Gurdaspur (minus Shakargarh Tehsil)), and princely states (Kapurthala, Malerkotla, Faridkot, Patiala, and Nabha) which are in the region that comprises the contemporary state of Punjab, India. See 1931 census data here:^[51]: 277
5. 1941 figure taken from census data by combining the total population of all districts (Jalandhar, Ludhiana, Firozpur, Amritsar, Hoshiarpur, and Gurdaspur (minus Shakargarh Tehsil)), and princely states (Kapurthala, Malerkotla, Faridkot, Patiala, and Nabha) which are in the region that comprises the contemporary state of Punjab, India. See 1941 census data here:^[50]: 42
6. 1941 figure taken from census data by combining the total population of all districts (Hisar, Rohtak, Gurgaon, Karnal, Jalandhar, Ludhiana, Firozpur, Amritsar, Simla, Kangra, Ambala, Hoshiarpur, and Gurdaspur (minus Shakargarh Tehsil)), and princely states (Loharu, Dujana, Pataudi, Kalsia, Kapurthala, Malerkotla, Faridkot, Patiala, Jind, Nabha, Sirmoor, Simla Hill, Bilaspur, Mandi, Suket, and Chamba) in Punjab Province, British India that ultimately fell on the eastern side of the Radcliffe Line. See 1941 census data here:^[50]: 42
   Immediately following the partition of India in 1947, these districts and princely states would ultimately make up the subdivision of East Punjab, which also included Patiala and East Punjab States Union, Chief Commissioner's Province of Himachal Pradesh, and Bilaspur State. The states that make up this region in the contemporary era are Punjab, India, Chandigarh, Haryana, and Himachal Pradesh.
7. Including Ad-Dharmis
8. Including Buddhism, Zoroastrianism, Judaism, Tribals, others, or not stated
9. Does not include Shakargarh Tehsil, which was awarded to Pakistan as part of the Radcliffe Line.
10. 1931 figure taken from census data by combining the total population of all districts (Hisar, Rohtak, Gurgaon, Karnal, Jalandhar, Ludhiana, Firozpur, Amritsar, Simla, Kangra, Ambala, Hoshiarpur, and Gurdaspur (minus Shakargarh Tehsil)), and princely states (Loharu, Dujana, Pataudi, Kalsia, Kapurthala, Malerkotla, Faridkot, Patiala, Jind, Nabha, Sirmoor, Simla Hill, Bilaspur, Mandi, Suket, and Chamba) in Punjab Province, British India that ultimately fell on the eastern side of the Radcliffe Line. See 1931 census data here:^[51]: 277
    Immediately following the partition of India in 1947, these districts and princely states would ultimately make up the subdivision of East Punjab, which also included Patiala and East Punjab States Union, Chief Commissioner's Province of Himachal Pradesh, and Bilaspur State. The states that make up this region in the contemporary era are Punjab, India, Chandigarh, Haryana, and Himachal Pradesh.
11. 1921 figure taken from census data by combining the total population of all districts (Hisar, Rohtak, Gurgaon, Karnal, Jalandhar, Ludhiana, Firozpur, Amritsar, Simla, Kangra, Ambala, Hoshiarpur, and Gurdaspur (minus Shakargarh Tehsil)), and princely states (Loharu, Dujana, Pataudi, Kalsia, Kapurthala, Malerkotla, Faridkot, Patiala, Jind, Nabha, Nahan, Simla Hill, Bilaspur, Mandi, Suket, and Chamba) in Punjab Province, British India that ultimately fell on the eastern side of the Radcliffe Line. See 1921 census data here:^[52]: 29
    Immediately following the partition of India in 1947, these districts and princely states would ultimately make up the subdivision of East Punjab, which also included Patiala and East Punjab States Union, Chief Commissioner's Province of Himachal Pradesh, and Bilaspur State. The states that make up this region in the contemporary era are Punjab, India, Chandigarh, Haryana, and Himachal Pradesh.
12. 1911 figure taken from census data by combining the total population of all districts (Hisar, Rohtak, Gurgaon, Delhi, Karnal, Jalandhar, Ludhiana, Firozpur, Amritsar, Simla, Kangra, Ambala, Hoshiarpur, and Gurdaspur (minus Shakargarh Tehsil)), and princely states (Loharu, Dujana, Pataudi, Kalsia, Kapurthala, Malerkotla, Faridkot, Patiala, Jind, Nabha, Nahan, Simla Hill, Mandi, Suket, and Chamba) in Punjab Province, British India that ultimately fell on the eastern side of the Radcliffe Line. See 1911 census data here: ^{[53]: 27 [54]: 27}
    Immediately following the partition of India in 1947, these districts and princely states would ultimately make up the subdivision of East Punjab, which also included Patiala and East Punjab States Union, Chief Commissioner's Province of Himachal Pradesh, and Bilaspur State. The states that make up this region in the contemporary era are Punjab, India, Chandigarh, Haryana, and Himachal Pradesh.
13. 1901 figure taken from census data by combining the total population of all districts (Hisar, Rohtak, Gurgaon, Delhi, Karnal, Jalandhar, Ludhiana, Firozpur, Amritsar, Simla, Kangra, Ambala, Hoshiarpur, and Gurdaspur (minus Shakargarh Tehsil)), and princely states (Loharu, Dujana, Pataudi, Kalsia, Kapurthala, Malerkotla, Faridkot, Patiala, Jind, Nabha, Nahan, Simla Hill, Mandi, Suket, and Chamba) in Punjab Province, British India that ultimately fell on the eastern side of the Radcliffe Line. See 1901 census data here: ^[55]: 34
    Immediately following the partition of India in 1947, these districts and princely states would ultimately make up the subdivision of East Punjab, which also included Patiala and East Punjab States Union, Chief Commissioner's Province of Himachal Pradesh, and Bilaspur State. The states that make up this region in the contemporary era are Punjab, India, Chandigarh, Haryana, and Himachal Pradesh.

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