Kangra district
Kangra district is the most populous[5] district of the Indian state of Himachal Pradesh. Dharamshala is the administrative headquarters of the district.
Kangra district Nagarkot, Trigarta | |
|---|---|
Clockwise from top-left: Baijnath Shiva temple, McLeod Ganj from Dalai Lama temple, Ranjit Singh Gate, Kangra Fort, Masrur Temples, View of Dhauladhar Range from Triund | |
Location in Himachal Pradesh | |
| Coordinates: 32°13′0″N 76°19′0″E / 32.21667°N 76.31667°E | |
| Country | India |
| State | Himachal Pradesh |
| Division, Part of | Kangra |
| Tehsils | |
| Headquarters | Dharamshala |
| Government | |
| • Lok Sabha Constituency , part of | |
| • Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha | Kishan Kapoor[1] |
| • Deputy Commissioner | Nipun jindal , IAS[2] |
| • Superintendent of Police | Vimukt Ranjan, IPS[3] |
| Area | |
| • Total | 5,739 km2 (2,216 sq mi) |
| Highest elevation | 5,930 m (19,460 ft) |
| Lowest elevation | 500 m (1,600 ft) |
| Population (2011) | |
| • Total | 1,510,075 |
| • Density | 263/km2 (680/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| Vehicle registration | HP- 68(RTO), 01/ 02D(Taxi) |
| Largest city | Dharamshala |
| Gender ratio | 1012 females/1000 males |
| Literacy rate | 85.67% |
| Vidhan Sabha Constituencies | 15
|
| Climate | ETh (Köppen) |
| Avg. summer temperature | 32 °C (90 °F) |
| Avg. winter temperature | 20 °C (68 °F) |
| Website | hpkangra |
History edit
Kangra is known for having one of the oldest serving Royal Dynasty in the world, the Katoch of the Kangra State.[6] In 1758, Raja Ghamand Chand was appointed nazim or governor of Jullundur Doab under the Afghans. Ghamand Chand was a brave and strong ruler who restored the prestige of Kangra. As he was unable to capture Kangra Fort, he built another fort at Tira Sujanpur on the left bank of the Beas, almost opposite to Alampur on a hill overlooking the town. He died in 1774 and was succeeded by his son, Tegh Chand, who died too soon in 1775.[7] Ghamand Chand's grandson, Raja Sansar Chand (r. 1775–1823) established the supremacy of Kangra over all the surrounding hill states. During his reign, Kangra became a major centre for the arts and several palaces were built.[8]
In 1805, the neighbouring hill states rebelled, with the aid of the Gurkha army. Raja Sansar Chand was forced to seek the help of Maharaja Ranjit Singh of the Sikh Empire . The Gurkha army was expelled but Ranjit Singh also annexed the most fertile part of the Kangra valley, reducing the Katochs of Kangra as well as the neighbouring rajas to the status of vassals.[8] Kangra was annexed by Maharaja Ranjit Singh's Sikh Empire in 1810.
Kangra became a district of British India in 1846, when it was ceded to British India at the conclusion of the First Anglo-Sikh War. The British district included the present-day districts of Kangra, Hamirpur, Kullu, and Lahul and Spiti. Kangra District was part of the British province of Punjab. The administrative headquarters of the district were initially at Kangra, but were moved to Dharamshala in 1855.[9][10]
Demographics edit
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
|---|---|---|
| 1901 | 478,364 | — |
| 1911 | 469,046 | −0.20% |
| 1921 | 469,251 | +0.00% |
| 1931 | 494,658 | +0.53% |
| 1941 | 563,163 | +1.31% |
| 1951 | 570,643 | +0.13% |
| 1961 | 657,232 | +1.42% |
| 1971 | 800,863 | +2.00% |
| 1981 | 990,758 | +2.15% |
| 1991 | 1,174,072 | +1.71% |
| 2001 | 1,339,030 | +1.32% |
| 2011 | 1,510,075 | +1.21% |
| source:[11] | ||
According to the 2011 census Kangra district had population of 1,510,075. The district has a population density of 263 inhabitants per square kilometre (680/sq mi). Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 12.77%. 5.71% of the population lives in urban areas. Kangra district has a sex ratio of 1012 females per 1000 males and a literacy rate of 85.67%. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes made up 21.15% and 5.60% of the population respectively.[12]: 18
District highlights of 2011 Census[12]
- Kangra district has the highest number of 3,869 villages among the 12 district of the state.
- Kangra district stands 1st position in terms of its working force having total workers of 675,170 persons against 3,559,422 working persons of the state.
- Kangra district occupies 1st rank among the districts of the state in terms of literate population. It has a literate population of 1,152,640 persons.
- The economy of Kangra district is mainly depends on agriculture. It has returned 303,007 persons as cultivators and holds the 2nd position among the districts of the state
- All the inhabited villages of the district enjoy the facility of electricity and potable drinking water.
- Kangra district is also known for its attractive tourist destinations. Dharamsala, Kangra, Palampur, Baijnath, Jawalamukhi and Masroor are the famous places of tourist interest in the district. McLeodganj in Dharamsala is a seat of the Dalai Lama has become a place of international fame since 1966.
- Central University of Himachal Pradesh at Dharamsala in Kangra district was established on 20 March 2009 under the Central University Act 2009(No.25 of 2009) of Indian Parliament.
The native people are the Kangri people and the native language is Kangri, which is very similar to Dogri. The majority of the people are Hindu, although many Tibetans and others who follow Buddhism have also settled here recently. There are also other minorities such as Sikhs, Muslims, and Christians.
Jhamakda is a folk dance of Kangra. It is exclusively performed by women. It features percussion instruments and songs.[13]
Religion edit
| Religion | Population (1941)[15]: 42 | Percentage (1941) | Population (2011)[14] | Percentage (2011) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hinduism [b] | 846,567 | 94.13% | 1,461,140 | 96.76% |
| Islam | 43,249 | 4.81% | 19,797 | 1.31% |
| Sikhism | 4,809 | 0.53% | 8,929 | 0.59% |
| Christianity | 590 | 0.07% | 3,023 | 0.2% |
| Others [c] | 4,162 | 0.46% | 17,186 | 1.14% |
| Total Population | 899,377 | 100% | 1,510,075 | 100% |
Language edit
At the 2011 Census, 70.88% of the population in the district spoke Kangri, 14.92% Pahari, 5.55% Hindi, 2.64% Gaddi and 2.06% Punjabi as their first language.[16]
Politics edit
| Constituency | Party | MLA | Remark | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. | Name | ||||
| 6 | Nurpur | BJP | Ranveer Singh | ||
| 7 | Indora (SC) | INC | Malender Rajan | ||
| 8 | Fatehpur | INC | Bhawani Singh Pathania | ||
| 9 | Jawali | INC | Chander Kumar | Cabinet Minister | |
| 10 | Dehra | IND | Hoshyar Singh | ||
| 11 | Jaswan-Pragpur | BJP | Bikram Thakur | ||
| 12 | Jawalamukhi | INC | Sanjay Rattan | ||
| 13 | Jaisinghpur (SC) | INC | Yadvinder Goma | ||
| 14 | Sullah | BJP | Vipin Singh Parmar | ||
| 15 | Nagrota | INC | Raghubir Singh Bali | ||
| 16 | Kangra | BJP | Pawan Kumar Kajal | ||
| 17 | Shahpur | INC | Kewal Singh Pathania | ||
| 18 | Dharamshala | INC | Sudhir Sharma | ||
| 19 | Palampur | INC | Ashish Butail | ||
| 20 | Baijnath (SC) | INC | Kishori Lal | ||
Wildlife Sanctuaries edit
Dhauladhar Wildlife Sanctuary edit
Dhauladhar Wildlife Sanctuary is located at an altitude of 700 m to 1400 m, Dhauladhar Wildlife Sanctuary was established in 1994 by the Wildlife Department of Himachal Pradesh Government. It is situated in Kangra district. The wildlife sanctuary is covered by snow-clad mountains from three sides. The flora of Dhauladhar Wildlife Sanctuary includes deodar, rhododendron, oak, spruce, pine, and mixed conifers. This wildlife sanctuary is home to animals such as red fox, black bear, leopard sambar, Asiatic lion, angora rabbit, and deer. It covers an area of 982.86 sq.km.[17]
Pong Dam Lake Wildlife Sanctuary edit
Pong Dam Lake Wildlife Sanctuary covers an areas of 207.95 sq. km. in Kangra district. It is spread through the submerged area between Pong Dam Terrace (Talwara) to the bridge on Beas River at Dehra. It was created in1975, by building the highest earthfill dam in India on the Beas River in the wetland zone of the Siwalik Hills.[citation needed]
Education edit
- Chaudhary Sarwan Kumar Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya
- Central University of Himachal Pradesh
- College for Higher Tibetan Studies, Sarah
- Government College of Teacher Education Dharamshala
- Himachal Pradesh Board of School Education
- Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology , Palampur
- National Institute of Fashion Technology, Kangra[18]
Schools edit
Notable people edit
- G. S. Bali - Indian politician
- Captain Vikram Batra, PVC - Indian army officer, recipient of Param Vir Chakra
- Didi Contractor - architect
- Captain Saurabh Kalia - Indian Army
- The 14th Dalai Lama - spiritual and religious leader of Tibetan people
- Kishan Kapoor - Indian politician
- Major General Siri Kanth Korla, PVSM, DSO, MC - Indian Army officer
- Chander Kumar - Indian politician
- Shanta Kumar - Indian politician
- Karnail Rana - Himachali folk singer
- Major Somnath Sharma, PVC - Indian Army officer, recipient of Param Vir Chakra
- Anuj Sharma - Singer, second Indian Idol runner-up
- Shriya Sharma - Film actress
- Sobha Singh - painter
- Tenzin Palmo - Buddhist nun
- Shivya Pathania - Television actress
- Nora Richards - Irish playwright
- Sudhir Sharma - Indian politician
- General Vishwa Nath Sharma, PVSM, AVSM, ADC - 14th Chief of Army Staff, Indian Army
- Brigadier Sher Jung Thapa, MVC - Indian Army officer, recipient of Maha Vir Chakra, known as "Hero of Skardu"
- Gautam Chand Sharma 'Vyathit' - writer and folklorist
See also edit
- Agahar
- Chambi, Himachal Pradesh
- Dhanotu
- Harchakian
- Nagrota Surian
- Kangra Valley
- Kangra Valley Railway
- Kangra Fort
- Kangra painting
- List of India cave temples
- List of Caves in India
- List of rock-cut temples in India
- Indian rock-cut architecture
- List of colossal sculpture in situ
- Pit cave
- Raitt, Kangra
- Shamirpur
Notes and references edit
- ^ "Members : Lok Sabha".
- ^ "Deputy Commissioner Kangra, Himachal Pradesh | District Kangra, Government of Himachal Pradesh | India".
- ^ "Who's Who | District Kangra, Government of Himachal Pradesh | India".
- ^ "Hanuman Tibba Climbing Expedition (19450 Ft.)".
- ^ "District Census 2011". Census2011.co.in. 2011. Retrieved 30 September 2011.
- ^ "Gazetteer of the Kangra district (1883-1884)" (PDF). p. 48.
- ^ (PDF). himachalpradeshtravel.com. Archived from the original (PDF) on 1 July 2018. Retrieved 11 January 2022.
- ^ a b Parry, Jonathan P. (2013). Caste and Kinship in Kangra. Routledge. p. 11. ISBN 978-1-136-54585-6.
- ^ Kangra District The Imperial Gazetteer of India, v. 14, p. 380.
- ^ Dharamshala The Imperial Gazetteer of India, v. 11, p. 301.
- ^ Decadal Variation In Population Since 1901
- ^ a b "District Census Handbook: Kangra" (PDF). censusindia.gov.in. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India. 2011.
- ^ "himachalpradeshtravel.com" (PDF). Kangra’s from the Pages of History. Retrieved 18 May 2022.
- ^ a b "Table C-01 Population by Religion: Himachal Pradesh". censusindia.gov.in. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India. 2011.
- ^ "CENSUS OF INDIA, 1941 VOLUME VI PUNJAB PROVINCE". Retrieved 21 July 2022.
- ^ a b "Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: Himachal Pradesh". www.censusindia.gov.in. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India.
- ^ "Dhauladhar as Wildlife Sanctuary" (PDF). Government of himachal Pradesh - Department of Forests. Retrieved 18 September 2023.
- ^ "National Institute of Fashion Technology - [NIFT], Kangra". collegedunia.com. Retrieved 25 February 2022.
- ^ Historic district borders may not be an exact match in the present-day due to various bifurcations to district borders — which since created new districts — throughout the historic Punjab Province region during the post-independence era that have taken into account population increases. This discrepancy can be seen in the district population history table which has taken into account the various bifurcations since 1941.
- ^ 1941 census: Including Ad-Dharmis
- ^ Including Jainism, Buddhism, Zoroastrianism, Judaism, or not stated
Further reading edit
- Hutchinson, J. & J. PH Vogel (1933). History of the Panjab Hill States, Vol. I. 1st edition: Govt. Printing, Punjab, Lahore, 1933. Reprint 2000. Department of Language and Culture, Himachal Pradesh. Chapter V Kangra State, pp. 99–198.
External links edit
- Official website - Kangra District