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Chiayi

Chiayi (/ˈjɑːˈ/,[3] Taigi POJ: Ka-gī; Chinese: 嘉義), officially known as Chiayi City, is a city of the streamlined Taiwan Province, Republic of China located in the plains of southwestern Taiwan surrounded by Chiayi County with a population of 263,188 inhabitants as of January 2023.

Chiayi City
嘉義市
Ka-gi, Kagi, Chiai, Chia-i
Chiayi City
Clockwise from top left:Hinoki Village, Chiayi Confucius Temple, Fountain at the Lantan Reservoir, Chiayi City Sports Arena, Chiayi Municipal Culture Center,Chiayi Sun Shooting Tower, National Chiayi University
Nickname: 
Peach City (桃城) or Jia City (嘉市)
Country Republic of China (Taiwan)
Province Taiwan Province (de facto dissolved)
RegionSouthwestern Taiwan
First mentioned1787
Renamed to Kagi17 April 1895
Autonomous city1930
Provincial city25 October 1945
Downgraded to county-administered city16 August 1950
Provincial city status restored1 July 1982
SeatEast District
Districts
2 districts
Government
 • TypeChiayi City Government
 • MayorHuang Min-hui (KMT)
Area
 • Total60.03 km2 (23.18 sq mi)
 • Rank21 out of 22
Elevation
69 m (226 ft)
Population
 (January 2023)[2]
 • Total263,188
 • Rank18 of 22
 • Density4,400/km2 (11,000/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+8 (National Standard Time)
Postal code
600
Area code05
ISO 3166 codeTW-CYI
FlowerHong Kong orchid tree
(Bauhinia blakeana)
TreeHong Kong orchid tree
Websitewww.chiayi.gov.tw/en/
Chiayi City
"Chiayi" in Traditional (top) and Simplified (bottom) Chinese characters
Chinese name
Traditional Chinese嘉義市
Simplified Chinese嘉义市
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinJiāyì Shì
Bopomofoㄐㄧㄚ   ㄧˋ   ㄕˋ
Gwoyeu RomatzyhJiayih Shyh
Wade–GilesChia1-i4 Shih4
Tongyong PinyinJiayì Shìh
Yale RomanizationJyāyì Shr̀
MPS2Jiāyì Shr̀
IPA[tɕjá.î ʂɻ̩̂]
Hakka
Pha̍k-fa-sṳKâ-ngi-sṳ
Yue: Cantonese
Yale RomanizationGāyih Síh
JyutpingGaa1ji6 Si5
IPA[káː.jìː si̬ː]
Southern Min
Hokkien POJKa-gī-chhī
Tâi-lôKa-gī-tshī
Japanese name
Kanji嘉義市
Kanaかぎし
Transcriptions
RomanizationKagi-shi

Hoanya people inhabited present-day Chiayi under its historical name Tirosen prior to the arrival of Han Chinese in Taiwan and was ruled by the Dutch and Kingdom of Tungning under various names. During the Qing dynasty, Tirosen was governed as part of Taiwan Prefecture in Fujian under Zhuluo County and the city was renamed to Kagee in 1787. The city was once again named Kagi during the Japanese era but the earthquake destroyed much of the town. Kagi became administered as part of Tainan Prefecture from 1920. Following the surrender of Japan, the Republic of China, who deposed the Qing in 1911, took control of the city in 1945 as Chiayi City and became administered as a provincial city of Taiwan Province before being integrated in Chiayi County in 1950 as a county-administered city and later restored its status as provincial city in 1982. In 1998, Taiwan Province became streamlined and Chiayi City became governed directly by the Executive Yuan.

The city is known for Alishan National Scenic Area and warm humid subtropical climate in the summer months. Left with the landmarks of Japanese colonial rule, Chiayi City has the round-island railway system and Alishan Forest Railway where the city is the starting point along with various Japanese temples.

Name

Like the county, Chiayi City's former Chinese placename was Tsu-lo-san[4] (Chinese: 諸羅山; pinyin: Zhūluóshān; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Chu-lô-san), a representation of the original Formosan-language name Tirosen. A shortened version, Tsulo, was then used to name Tsulo County, which originally covered the underdeveloped northern two-thirds of the island. In 1704, the county seat was moved to Tsulosan, the site of modern-day Chiayi City. Following the 1723 Zhu Yigui rebellion, the county was reduced in size. In 1787, the county and city were renamed Chiayi (嘉義; lit. 'commended righteousness') by the Qianlong Emperor to acknowledge the citizens' loyalty during the Lin Shuangwen rebellion.[5]

History

Early history

First inhabited by the Hoanya aborigines, the region was named Tirosen (variants Tirocen, Tiracen). With the arrival of Han Chinese immigrants in southwestern Taiwan, the name evolved to become Tsulosan (Chinese: 諸羅山; pinyin: Zhūluóshān; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Chu-lô-san) in Hokkien. Eventually, Tsulosan was shortened to simply Tsulo. Because of the choice of the characters, it has been mistakenly suggested that the origin of the name came from the expression "mountains surrounding the east". "Peach City" is another name for Chiayi City due to its peach-shaped territory in ancient times. The tip of the peach is around Central Fountain and was called "Peach-tip" by citizens.

Tsulosan was once the foothold to which people from the mainland immigrated. In 1621, Chinese Peter [zh], who came from Zhangzhou, Fujian Province, first led his people to cultivate this land after they landed at Ponkan (modern-day Beigang).

Dutch Formosa

Records from the Dutch era show Tirosen as the usual form of the name; it also occurred as Tirassen, Tirozen, Tilocen, Tilossen, Tilocen, and Thilocen.[6] The place was north of Mattau (modern-day Madou, Tainan) and south of Favorlang (Huwei, Yunlin).

Kingdom of Tungning

In 1661 (the 15th year of Yung-Li, Ming dynasty), Koxinga defeated the Dutch based in Taiwan and founded the Kingdom of Tungning. He established one province, Cheng-Tien-Fu [zh], and two counties, Tien-Hsing [zh] and Wan-Nien [zh], demarcated by the Hsin-Kang River (Chinese: 新港溪, now the Yanshui River). Chiayi was under the jurisdiction of the Tien-Hsing County.

Qing dynasty

In 1683, when Qing rule began, the island was governed as Taiwan Prefecture under the administration of Fujian Province. In 1684, Tsulo County was established and initially encompassed the underdeveloped northern two-thirds of Taiwan. (Taiwan and Hongsoa counties were divided from Wan-Nien County during the Kingdom of Tungning, which was changed from Tien-Hsing County.) In 1704, the county seat was moved to Tsulosan, the site of modern-day Chiayi City, and had wooden city walls.

In 1727, the county magistrate, Liu Liang-Bi rebuilt the gatehouses and set a gun platform for each gatehouse. The four gatehouses were named: "Chin Shan" (襟山) for East, "Tai Hai" (帶海) for West, "Chung Yang" (崇陽) for South, and "Kung Chen" (拱辰) for North. In 1734 (the 12th year of Yongzheng), magistrate Lu-Hung built piercing-bamboo to better protect the city.

In 1786, the Lin Shuangwen rebellion was an attempt to siege Tsulosan but failed to overcome the defense of the inhabitants. Consequently, on November 3 of the next year, the Qing Emperor conferred the name Kagee (嘉義; lit. 'commended righteousness') to praise the citizens' loyalty.

In the mid-1800s, a custom of annual riotous mass stoning developed in the city.[7][better source needed]

In 1887, a separate Taiwan Province was declared and the island was administratively divided into four prefectures; the city of Kagee belonged to Tainan Prefecture.

Japanese rule

 
Chiayi City under Japanese rule

In 1895, Taiwan was ceded to Japan in the Treaty of Shimonoseki. The 1906 Meishan earthquake devastated the entire city wall except the Eastern Gate. The Japanese authorities reconstructed the city. Industries and trades started to flourish. According to the census taken in 1904, Kagi was the fourth most populous city in Taiwan, with a population of over twenty thousand.[8]

The Great Kagi earthquake (later also known as the 1906 Meishan earthquake) struck the city in mid March 1906.[9]

In looking over some of my more recent Notes, it seems impossible to make the foregoing references to Ka-gi without adding a few words about that dreadful earthquake which devastated the region in March 1906. I was there soon after, and had a profound feeling of sadness on seeing whole streets covered with fallen beams and other debris ; on seeing, too, so many traces of the awful suffering on every side. Within Ka-gi city, and a limited area around, 1,216 persons were suddenly thrust out into the eternal world. Not fewer than 2,306 persons were seriously injured, and 13,259 houses were laid low. The great mysterious Power then tore the earth into deep, open chasms in several places. Many of the narrow escapes and calamities were very affecting ; particularly that of our blind evangelist Toa-un, who ran out of doors with his wife as the shaking began. The demented mother, however, could not bear the thought of her two helpless young children being left behind, and she darted in to rescue them, when my poor blind pupil became childless and a widower in an instant of time. No sooner had the Governor-General at Tai-pak received telegraphic information of the magnitude of the calamity, than instructions were issued for a large company of surgeons, nurses, and assistants to proceed at once to Ka-gi. Wide hospital-sheds were erected without delay, and the work of relief was carried on with a rare amount of self-denial and promptitude. Even already, the city has lost much of its most desolate appearance, and the projected improvements give promise that it will have a more attractive look than ever. – William Campbell, 1915

In 1907, the construction of Alishan Forest Railway to Mount Ali was begun. In 1920, the city became an autonomous group as Kagi Town (嘉義街), Kagi District, within Tainan Prefecture, which included modern-day Tainan City, Chiayi County and Yunlin County. In 1930, the town was upgraded to an autonomous city under the same prefecture.

Republic of China

 
Chiayi City in 1946–1950

After the handover of Taiwan from Japan to the Republic of China in October 1945, Chiayi City was established as a provincial city of Taiwan Province. The city consisted of 8 districts, which were Bajiang, Beimen, Beizhen, Nanmen, Tungmen, Tungshan, Ximen and Zhuwei Districts. In 1946, the districts was reorganized to 6 districts in which Bajiang and Nanmen were merged to become Xinnan, Beimen and Beizhen were merged to become Xinbei, Tungmen and Tungshan were merged to become Xindong, Ximen and Zhuwei were merged to become Xinxi District and there were 2 addition of districts from Tainan County which were Shuishang and Taibao Districts.[10]

Chiayi saw some of the most violent events during the 228 Incident. In early March, local militas surrounded the Shueishang Airport and fought against the KMT military.[11] There were over 300 casualties.[12] On 12 March 1947, negotiators for peace, including Tan Teng-pho and Phuan Bok-tsi [zh], were arrested after arriving at the airport and were executed on 25 March. The Kuomintang also executed many civilians in Chiayi.[13]

On 16 August 1950, because of the re-allocation of administrative areas in which Taiwan was divided into 16 counties, five provincial cities and a special bureau, Chiayi City was downgraded to a county-administered city and merged with Chiayi County to be the county seat. As a result, a shortage of capital hindered its development.

On 1 July 1982, Chiayi City was elevated again to a provincial city as a result of pressure from local elites.[14] On 6 October 1990, the East District and West District were established.[15]

Geography

 
Map of Chiayi (labeled as KAGI) and surrounding area (1944)
 
Map of the region including Chiayi (labeled as CHIA-I SHIH (KAGI) 嘉義市) (1950)
 
Map of the city of Chiayi (labeled as CHIA-I SHIH (KAGI) 嘉義市) (1950s)

Chiayi City is located on the north side of Chianan Plain, south west of Taiwan Island. On the east side is the Mount Ali, on the west side is the Chiayi Airport, on the north side is the Puzi River and on the south side is the Bazhang River. The distance from east to west of Chiayi City is 15.8 km (9.8 mi) and from north to south is 10.5 km (6.5 mi) with a total area of 60.0256 km2 (23.1760 sq mi). Chiayi City is completely surrounded by Chiayi County. Most of Chiayi City land are broad flat fertile plains. The terrain slowly rises from west to east. Chiayi is also one of the closest Taiwanese cities to the Tropic of Cancer, with the latitudinal line lying just south of the city.

Climate

Chiayi City has a warm humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cwa) that closely borders a true tropical climate. Northeasterly winds during fall and winter mean that rainfall is depressed during that time, while southwesterly winds during summer and the later portion of spring bring most of the year's rainfall, with more than 60% falling from June to August. Humidity is high year-round, even during winter.

Climate data for Chiayi (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1968–present)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 31.7
(89.1)
33.0
(91.4)
34.1
(93.4)
34.2
(93.6)
37.2
(99.0)
37.0
(98.6)
37.2
(99.0)
36.6
(97.9)
36.7
(98.1)
36.5
(97.7)
33.6
(92.5)
32.5
(90.5)
37.2
(99.0)
Average high °C (°F) 22.5
(72.5)
23.0
(73.4)
25.4
(77.7)
28.4
(83.1)
30.9
(87.6)
32.8
(91.0)
33.4
(92.1)
32.8
(91.0)
32.1
(89.8)
30.1
(86.2)
27.6
(81.7)
23.9
(75.0)
28.6
(83.4)
Daily mean °C (°F) 16.8
(62.2)
17.7
(63.9)
20.2
(68.4)
23.5
(74.3)
26.3
(79.3)
28.3
(82.9)
28.9
(84.0)
28.4
(83.1)
27.4
(81.3)
24.9
(76.8)
22.0
(71.6)
18.4
(65.1)
23.6
(74.4)
Average low °C (°F) 12.9
(55.2)
14.1
(57.4)
16.2
(61.2)
19.5
(67.1)
22.6
(72.7)
24.7
(76.5)
25.4
(77.7)
25.2
(77.4)
24.0
(75.2)
21.1
(70.0)
18.0
(64.4)
14.2
(57.6)
19.8
(67.6)
Record low °C (°F) 1.8
(35.2)
2.6
(36.7)
2.7
(36.9)
8.2
(46.8)
13.9
(57.0)
17.5
(63.5)
21.7
(71.1)
19.7
(67.5)
17.6
(63.7)
11.5
(52.7)
6.7
(44.1)
0.4
(32.7)
0.4
(32.7)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 27.5
(1.08)
44.9
(1.77)
53.0
(2.09)
86.6
(3.41)
170.0
(6.69)
318.6
(12.54)
387.4
(15.25)
443.8
(17.47)
212.3
(8.36)
30.2
(1.19)
21.5
(0.85)
25.8
(1.02)
1,821.6
(71.72)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) 5.1 5.5 6.8 8.1 10.4 13.8 15.3 17.9 9.4 2.9 3.3 4.1 102.6
Average relative humidity (%) 77.9 79.3 79.3 79.8 79.9 77.5 77.2 80.1 80.1 78.9 78.7 76.8 78.8
Mean monthly sunshine hours 161.4 139.7 157.9 157.0 175.5 186.6 206.4 182.2 186.2 197.0 158.9 159.2 2,068
Source: Central Weather Bureau[16][17][18][19][20]

Government

 
Huang Min-hui, the incumbent Mayor of Chiayi City.

Chiayi City is a provincial city of Taiwan Province of the Republic of China. The city is governed by the Chiayi City Government, while the residence is represented in the Chiayi City Council. The current Mayor of Chiayi City is Huang Min-hui of the Kuomintang.

Administrative divisions

Chiayi City is divided into two districts. East District is the city seat which houses the Chiayi City Government.

Map Name Chinese Taiwanese Hakka Population (2016) Area (km²)
  East 東區 Tang Tûng 122,877 29.1195
West 西區 Se 147,396 30.9061

Politics

 
Result of the 2022 mayoral election of Chiayi City

Chiayi City voted one Democratic Progressive Party legislator to be in the Legislative Yuan during the 2020 Taiwanese legislative election. It has historically been a very pan-Green city. During the martial law era, most people of Chiayi supported tangwai politicians. However, the voting gap between the DPP and the KMT has narrowed in recent years.[21] And in 2022 Taiwanese local elections, Chiayi City re-elected Huang Min-hui of Kuomintang to be the mayor.

Demographics

Chiayi city is a 100% purely ethnic Hokkien inhabited city.[citation needed]

Historical population
YearPop.±%
1985 253,573—    
1990 257,597+1.6%
1995 261,391+1.5%
2000 266,183+1.8%
2005 272,364+2.3%
2010 272,390+0.0%
2015 270,366−0.7%
2020 266,005−1.6%
Source:"Populations by City and Country in Taiwan" (in Chinese). Ministry of the Interior Population Census.

Education

Energy

Green energy

On 17 December 2015, Chiayi City Government launched a program to set up solar panels at schools and offices in the city to reduce green house gases. The program is expected to produce 3.55 million kWh of electricity annually and to help reducing carbon emission by 1,700 tonnes.[22]

Tourist attractions

 
The spotted deer sculpture in the 228 National Memorial Park.

Chiayi is the city of wind music in Taiwan. The wind music festival started as a local event in 1988, when it was more like a joint performance by local wind music bands. Over the years the festival has become the most anticipated annual event in Chiayi.[24]

Sports

Major sporting events held by Chiayi include:

Notable residents/natives

  • Tan Ting-pho (1895–1947), Taiwan famous painter.
  • Sow-Hsin Chen (1935–2021), American physicist, Professor.
  • Vincent Siew (1939), Taiwanese politician, Vice President of the Republic of China (2008–2012), Vice-Chairman of the Kuomintang.
  • Huang Min-hui (1959), former mayor of Chiayi City, vice chairperson of Kuomintang, a member of the Legislative Yuan (1999 and 2005).
  • Lo Chen-Jung (1961), Taiwanese left-handed baseball pitcher.
  • Wu Bai (1968), Taiwanese rock singer.

International relations

Twin towns — sister cities

Chiayi is twinned with:

Transportation

Rail

Chiayi City is served by Chiayi Station and Jiabei Station of the Taiwan Railways Administration. Chiayi Station is the starting point for the Alishan Forest Railway. The city is also accessible from THSR Chiayi Station in Chiayi County.

Bus

Chiayi Bus Rapid Transit connects Chiayi City to Chiayi HSR station in the neighboring Taibao City. Chiayi City Bus serves the urban areas of Chiayi City.

Air

Chiayi City is served by Chiayi Airport in the neighboring Shuishang Township.

In popular culture

Chiayi City and its street foods, including the famous Chiayi turkey rice, were featured on the Netflix TV series, Street Food, in season 1.[25]

See also

References

  1. ^ . Zhōnghuá mínguó tǒngjì zīxùn wǎng 中華民國統計資訊網 (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 12 June 2016. Retrieved 1 July 2016.
  2. ^ Minzheng chu (2016-07-01). [Population Statistics of Chiayi City for June 2016]. Jiāyì Shì zhèngfǔ 嘉義市政府 (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 16 September 2016. Retrieved 1 July 2016.
  3. ^ "Chia-i". Merriam-Webster Dictionary.
  4. ^ Campbell, William (1903). "Explanatory Notes". Formosa under the Dutch: described from contemporary records, with explanatory notes and a bibliography of the island. London: Kegan Paul. p. 549. ISBN 9789576380839. OCLC 644323041.
  5. ^ "Taiwan in Time: Rebels of heaven and earth - Taipei Times". 17 April 2016.
  6. ^ Campbell, M. W. (1903). "Explanatory Notes". Formosa Under the Dutch: Described from Contemporary Records, with Explanatory Notes and a Bibliography of the Island. London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner & Co. p. 549. ISBN 9789576380839. OCLC 644323041.
  7. ^ Campbell, W. (1915). Sketches from Formosa. London: Marshall Brothers. pp. 79–81. It was on a later occasion I arrived in Ka-gi to find the people engaged in their absurd periodic custom of stonethrowing.
  8. ^ Takekoshi, Yosaburō (1907). "Chapter XIII: Population and Future Development of the Island Resources". Japanese Rule in Formosa. Translated by Braithwaite, George. London: Longmans, Green, and Co. p. 200. OCLC 753129. OL 6986981M.
  9. ^ Campbell, W. (1915). Sketches from Formosa. London: Marshall Brothers. pp. 82–83.
  10. ^ "臺灣建制市的市轄區變遷". www.aiplus.idv.tw. Retrieved 2022-03-20.
  11. ^ 二二八民變-台灣與蔣介石,143-146;1947台灣二二八革命,166-185;責任歸屬研究報告,61-63
  12. ^ Storm.mg (2019-02-26). "「要殺光嘉義市民!」菁英遭遊街槍決、民眾被掃射…二二八「民主聖地」挺身抗暴最慘烈-風傳媒". www.storm.mg (in Chinese (Taiwan)). Retrieved 2022-03-20.
  13. ^ "The 228 Massacre in Chiayi: "The Airport and Train Station Were Washed with Blood"". The Taiwan Gazette. Retrieved 2022-03-20.
  14. ^ "Rezoning Taiwan". Taiwan Today. 1 February 2011. Retrieved 9 December 2020.
  15. ^ . East District Office, Chiayi City. Archived from the original on 2017-03-14. Retrieved 2016-01-06.
  16. ^ "Monthly Mean". Central Weather Bureau. Retrieved 29 November 2022.
  17. ^ "氣象站各月份最高氣溫統計" (PDF) (in Chinese). Central Weather Bureau. Retrieved 29 November 2022.
  18. ^ "氣象站各月份最高氣溫統計(續)" (PDF) (in Chinese). Central Weather Bureau. Retrieved 29 November 2022.
  19. ^ "氣象站各月份最低氣溫統計" (PDF) (in Chinese). Central Weather Bureau. Retrieved 29 November 2022.
  20. ^ "氣象站各月份最低氣溫統計(續)" (PDF) (in Chinese). Central Weather Bureau. Retrieved 29 November 2022.
  21. ^ "大選關鍵區》嘉義市藍綠皆配角、派系也式微,誰抓得住民主聖地?|天下雜誌". 天下雜誌 (in Chinese). Retrieved 2022-03-20.
  22. ^ Chiang, Chun-liang; Hou, Elaine (2015-12-17). . Focus Taiwan News Channel. Central News Agency. Archived from the original on 2015-12-18. Retrieved 2015-12-18.
  23. ^ . Travel in Chiayi. Archived from the original on 2015-06-10. Retrieved 2013-11-16.
  24. ^ . Culture.tw. 2009-01-17. Archived from the original on 2009-02-03. Retrieved 2009-02-06.
  25. ^ Brown, Joshua Samuel (22 May 2019). "Taiwan Culture and Cuisine Shine on New Netflix Series "Street Food"". CommonWealth Magazine. Medium. Retrieved 26 July 2020.

External links

Coordinates: 23°28′48″N 120°26′59″E / 23.48000°N 120.44972°E / 23.48000; 120.44972

chiayi, this, article, about, city, neighboring, county, with, same, name, county, ɑː, taigi, chinese, 嘉義, officially, known, city, city, streamlined, taiwan, province, republic, china, located, plains, southwestern, taiwan, surrounded, county, with, populatio. This article is about Chiayi City For the neighboring county with the same name see Chiayi County Chiayi ˈ dʒ j ɑː ˈ iː 3 Taigi POJ Ka gi Chinese 嘉義 officially known as Chiayi City is a city of the streamlined Taiwan Province Republic of China located in the plains of southwestern Taiwan surrounded by Chiayi County with a population of 263 188 inhabitants as of January 2023 Chiayi City 嘉義市Ka gi Kagi Chiai Chia iCityChiayi CityClockwise from top left Hinoki Village Chiayi Confucius Temple Fountain at the Lantan Reservoir Chiayi City Sports Arena Chiayi Municipal Culture Center Chiayi Sun Shooting Tower National Chiayi UniversityFlagLogoNickname Peach City 桃城 or Jia City 嘉市 Country Republic of China Taiwan Province Taiwan Province de facto dissolved RegionSouthwestern TaiwanFirst mentioned1787Renamed to Kagi17 April 1895Autonomous city1930Provincial city25 October 1945Downgraded to county administered city16 August 1950Provincial city status restored1 July 1982SeatEast DistrictDistricts2 districts EastWestGovernment TypeChiayi City Government MayorHuang Min hui KMT Area 1 Total60 03 km2 23 18 sq mi Rank21 out of 22Elevation69 m 226 ft Population January 2023 2 Total263 188 Rank18 of 22 Density4 400 km2 11 000 sq mi Time zoneUTC 8 National Standard Time Postal code600Area code05ISO 3166 codeTW CYIFlowerHong Kong orchid tree Bauhinia blakeana TreeHong Kong orchid treeWebsitewww wbr chiayi wbr gov wbr tw wbr en wbr Chiayi City Chiayi in Traditional top and Simplified bottom Chinese charactersChinese nameTraditional Chinese嘉義市Simplified Chinese嘉义市TranscriptionsStandard MandarinHanyu PinyinJiayi ShiBopomofoㄐㄧㄚ ㄧˋ ㄕˋGwoyeu RomatzyhJiayih ShyhWade GilesChia1 i4 Shih4Tongyong PinyinJiayi ShihYale RomanizationJyayi Shr MPS2Jiayi Shr IPA tɕja i ʂɻ HakkaPha k fa sṳKa ngi sṳYue CantoneseYale RomanizationGayih SihJyutpingGaa1ji6 Si5IPA ka ː ji ː si ː Southern MinHokkien POJKa gi chhiTai loKa gi tshiJapanese nameKanji嘉義市KanaかぎしTranscriptionsRomanizationKagi shiHoanya people inhabited present day Chiayi under its historical name Tirosen prior to the arrival of Han Chinese in Taiwan and was ruled by the Dutch and Kingdom of Tungning under various names During the Qing dynasty Tirosen was governed as part of Taiwan Prefecture in Fujian under Zhuluo County and the city was renamed to Kagee in 1787 The city was once again named Kagi during the Japanese era but the earthquake destroyed much of the town Kagi became administered as part of Tainan Prefecture from 1920 Following the surrender of Japan the Republic of China who deposed the Qing in 1911 took control of the city in 1945 as Chiayi City and became administered as a provincial city of Taiwan Province before being integrated in Chiayi County in 1950 as a county administered city and later restored its status as provincial city in 1982 In 1998 Taiwan Province became streamlined and Chiayi City became governed directly by the Executive Yuan The city is known for Alishan National Scenic Area and warm humid subtropical climate in the summer months Left with the landmarks of Japanese colonial rule Chiayi City has the round island railway system and Alishan Forest Railway where the city is the starting point along with various Japanese temples Contents 1 Name 2 History 2 1 Early history 2 2 Dutch Formosa 2 3 Kingdom of Tungning 2 4 Qing dynasty 2 5 Japanese rule 2 6 Republic of China 3 Geography 3 1 Climate 4 Government 4 1 Administrative divisions 4 2 Politics 5 Demographics 6 Education 7 Energy 7 1 Green energy 8 Tourist attractions 9 Sports 10 Notable residents natives 11 International relations 11 1 Twin towns sister cities 12 Transportation 12 1 Rail 12 2 Bus 12 3 Air 13 In popular culture 14 See also 15 References 16 External linksName EditLike the county Chiayi City s former Chinese placename was Tsu lo san 4 Chinese 諸羅山 pinyin Zhuluoshan Pe h ōe ji Chu lo san a representation of the original Formosan language name Tirosen A shortened version Tsulo was then used to name Tsulo County which originally covered the underdeveloped northern two thirds of the island In 1704 the county seat was moved to Tsulosan the site of modern day Chiayi City Following the 1723 Zhu Yigui rebellion the county was reduced in size In 1787 the county and city were renamed Chiayi 嘉義 lit commended righteousness by the Qianlong Emperor to acknowledge the citizens loyalty during the Lin Shuangwen rebellion 5 History EditEarly history Edit First inhabited by the Hoanya aborigines the region was named Tirosen variants Tirocen Tiracen With the arrival of Han Chinese immigrants in southwestern Taiwan the name evolved to become Tsulosan Chinese 諸羅山 pinyin Zhuluoshan Pe h ōe ji Chu lo san in Hokkien Eventually Tsulosan was shortened to simply Tsulo Because of the choice of the characters it has been mistakenly suggested that the origin of the name came from the expression mountains surrounding the east Peach City is another name for Chiayi City due to its peach shaped territory in ancient times The tip of the peach is around Central Fountain and was called Peach tip by citizens Tsulosan was once the foothold to which people from the mainland immigrated In 1621 Chinese Peter zh who came from Zhangzhou Fujian Province first led his people to cultivate this land after they landed at Ponkan modern day Beigang Dutch Formosa Edit Records from the Dutch era show Tirosen as the usual form of the name it also occurred as Tirassen Tirozen Tilocen Tilossen Tilocen and Thilocen 6 The place was north of Mattau modern day Madou Tainan and south of Favorlang Huwei Yunlin Kingdom of Tungning Edit In 1661 the 15th year of Yung Li Ming dynasty Koxinga defeated the Dutch based in Taiwan and founded the Kingdom of Tungning He established one province Cheng Tien Fu zh and two counties Tien Hsing zh and Wan Nien zh demarcated by the Hsin Kang River Chinese 新港溪 now the Yanshui River Chiayi was under the jurisdiction of the Tien Hsing County Qing dynasty Edit In 1683 when Qing rule began the island was governed as Taiwan Prefecture under the administration of Fujian Province In 1684 Tsulo County was established and initially encompassed the underdeveloped northern two thirds of Taiwan Taiwan and Hongsoa counties were divided from Wan Nien County during the Kingdom of Tungning which was changed from Tien Hsing County In 1704 the county seat was moved to Tsulosan the site of modern day Chiayi City and had wooden city walls In 1727 the county magistrate Liu Liang Bi rebuilt the gatehouses and set a gun platform for each gatehouse The four gatehouses were named Chin Shan 襟山 for East Tai Hai 帶海 for West Chung Yang 崇陽 for South and Kung Chen 拱辰 for North In 1734 the 12th year of Yongzheng magistrate Lu Hung built piercing bamboo to better protect the city In 1786 the Lin Shuangwen rebellion was an attempt to siege Tsulosan but failed to overcome the defense of the inhabitants Consequently on November 3 of the next year the Qing Emperor conferred the name Kagee 嘉義 lit commended righteousness to praise the citizens loyalty In the mid 1800s a custom of annual riotous mass stoning developed in the city 7 better source needed In 1887 a separate Taiwan Province was declared and the island was administratively divided into four prefectures the city of Kagee belonged to Tainan Prefecture Japanese rule Edit Chiayi City under Japanese rule In 1895 Taiwan was ceded to Japan in the Treaty of Shimonoseki The 1906 Meishan earthquake devastated the entire city wall except the Eastern Gate The Japanese authorities reconstructed the city Industries and trades started to flourish According to the census taken in 1904 Kagi was the fourth most populous city in Taiwan with a population of over twenty thousand 8 The Great Kagi earthquake later also known as the 1906 Meishan earthquake struck the city in mid March 1906 9 In looking over some of my more recent Notes it seems impossible to make the foregoing references to Ka gi without adding a few words about that dreadful earthquake which devastated the region in March 1906 I was there soon after and had a profound feeling of sadness on seeing whole streets covered with fallen beams and other debris on seeing too so many traces of the awful suffering on every side Within Ka gi city and a limited area around 1 216 persons were suddenly thrust out into the eternal world Not fewer than 2 306 persons were seriously injured and 13 259 houses were laid low The great mysterious Power then tore the earth into deep open chasms in several places Many of the narrow escapes and calamities were very affecting particularly that of our blind evangelist Toa un who ran out of doors with his wife as the shaking began The demented mother however could not bear the thought of her two helpless young children being left behind and she darted in to rescue them when my poor blind pupil became childless and a widower in an instant of time No sooner had the Governor General at Tai pak received telegraphic information of the magnitude of the calamity than instructions were issued for a large company of surgeons nurses and assistants to proceed at once to Ka gi Wide hospital sheds were erected without delay and the work of relief was carried on with a rare amount of self denial and promptitude Even already the city has lost much of its most desolate appearance and the projected improvements give promise that it will have a more attractive look than ever William Campbell 1915 In 1907 the construction of Alishan Forest Railway to Mount Ali was begun In 1920 the city became an autonomous group as Kagi Town 嘉義街 Kagi District within Tainan Prefecture which included modern day Tainan City Chiayi County and Yunlin County In 1930 the town was upgraded to an autonomous city under the same prefecture Republic of China Edit Chiayi City in 1946 1950 After the handover of Taiwan from Japan to the Republic of China in October 1945 Chiayi City was established as a provincial city of Taiwan Province The city consisted of 8 districts which were Bajiang Beimen Beizhen Nanmen Tungmen Tungshan Ximen and Zhuwei Districts In 1946 the districts was reorganized to 6 districts in which Bajiang and Nanmen were merged to become Xinnan Beimen and Beizhen were merged to become Xinbei Tungmen and Tungshan were merged to become Xindong Ximen and Zhuwei were merged to become Xinxi District and there were 2 addition of districts from Tainan County which were Shuishang and Taibao Districts 10 Chiayi saw some of the most violent events during the 228 Incident In early March local militas surrounded the Shueishang Airport and fought against the KMT military 11 There were over 300 casualties 12 On 12 March 1947 negotiators for peace including Tan Teng pho and Phuan Bok tsi zh were arrested after arriving at the airport and were executed on 25 March The Kuomintang also executed many civilians in Chiayi 13 On 16 August 1950 because of the re allocation of administrative areas in which Taiwan was divided into 16 counties five provincial cities and a special bureau Chiayi City was downgraded to a county administered city and merged with Chiayi County to be the county seat As a result a shortage of capital hindered its development On 1 July 1982 Chiayi City was elevated again to a provincial city as a result of pressure from local elites 14 On 6 October 1990 the East District and West District were established 15 Geography Edit Map of Chiayi labeled as KAGI and surrounding area 1944 Map of the region including Chiayi labeled as CHIA I SHIH KAGI 嘉義市 1950 Map of the city of Chiayi labeled as CHIA I SHIH KAGI 嘉義市 1950s Chiayi City is located on the north side of Chianan Plain south west of Taiwan Island On the east side is the Mount Ali on the west side is the Chiayi Airport on the north side is the Puzi River and on the south side is the Bazhang River The distance from east to west of Chiayi City is 15 8 km 9 8 mi and from north to south is 10 5 km 6 5 mi with a total area of 60 0256 km2 23 1760 sq mi Chiayi City is completely surrounded by Chiayi County Most of Chiayi City land are broad flat fertile plains The terrain slowly rises from west to east Chiayi is also one of the closest Taiwanese cities to the Tropic of Cancer with the latitudinal line lying just south of the city Climate Edit Chiayi City has a warm humid subtropical climate Koppen Cwa that closely borders a true tropical climate Northeasterly winds during fall and winter mean that rainfall is depressed during that time while southwesterly winds during summer and the later portion of spring bring most of the year s rainfall with more than 60 falling from June to August Humidity is high year round even during winter Climate data for Chiayi 1991 2020 normals extremes 1968 present Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec YearRecord high C F 31 7 89 1 33 0 91 4 34 1 93 4 34 2 93 6 37 2 99 0 37 0 98 6 37 2 99 0 36 6 97 9 36 7 98 1 36 5 97 7 33 6 92 5 32 5 90 5 37 2 99 0 Average high C F 22 5 72 5 23 0 73 4 25 4 77 7 28 4 83 1 30 9 87 6 32 8 91 0 33 4 92 1 32 8 91 0 32 1 89 8 30 1 86 2 27 6 81 7 23 9 75 0 28 6 83 4 Daily mean C F 16 8 62 2 17 7 63 9 20 2 68 4 23 5 74 3 26 3 79 3 28 3 82 9 28 9 84 0 28 4 83 1 27 4 81 3 24 9 76 8 22 0 71 6 18 4 65 1 23 6 74 4 Average low C F 12 9 55 2 14 1 57 4 16 2 61 2 19 5 67 1 22 6 72 7 24 7 76 5 25 4 77 7 25 2 77 4 24 0 75 2 21 1 70 0 18 0 64 4 14 2 57 6 19 8 67 6 Record low C F 1 8 35 2 2 6 36 7 2 7 36 9 8 2 46 8 13 9 57 0 17 5 63 5 21 7 71 1 19 7 67 5 17 6 63 7 11 5 52 7 6 7 44 1 0 4 32 7 0 4 32 7 Average precipitation mm inches 27 5 1 08 44 9 1 77 53 0 2 09 86 6 3 41 170 0 6 69 318 6 12 54 387 4 15 25 443 8 17 47 212 3 8 36 30 2 1 19 21 5 0 85 25 8 1 02 1 821 6 71 72 Average precipitation days 0 1 mm 5 1 5 5 6 8 8 1 10 4 13 8 15 3 17 9 9 4 2 9 3 3 4 1 102 6Average relative humidity 77 9 79 3 79 3 79 8 79 9 77 5 77 2 80 1 80 1 78 9 78 7 76 8 78 8Mean monthly sunshine hours 161 4 139 7 157 9 157 0 175 5 186 6 206 4 182 2 186 2 197 0 158 9 159 2 2 068Source Central Weather Bureau 16 17 18 19 20 Government Edit Huang Min hui the incumbent Mayor of Chiayi City Chiayi City Government Chiayi City is a provincial city of Taiwan Province of the Republic of China The city is governed by the Chiayi City Government while the residence is represented in the Chiayi City Council The current Mayor of Chiayi City is Huang Min hui of the Kuomintang Administrative divisions Edit Chiayi City is divided into two districts East District is the city seat which houses the Chiayi City Government Map Name Chinese Taiwanese Hakka Population 2016 Area km East 東區 Tang Tung 122 877 29 1195West 西區 Se Si 147 396 30 9061Politics Edit Result of the 2022 mayoral election of Chiayi City Chiayi City voted one Democratic Progressive Party legislator to be in the Legislative Yuan during the 2020 Taiwanese legislative election It has historically been a very pan Green city During the martial law era most people of Chiayi supported tangwai politicians However the voting gap between the DPP and the KMT has narrowed in recent years 21 And in 2022 Taiwanese local elections Chiayi City re elected Huang Min hui of Kuomintang to be the mayor Demographics EditChiayi city is a 100 purely ethnic Hokkien inhabited city citation needed Historical populationYearPop 1985253 573 1990257 597 1 6 1995261 391 1 5 2000266 183 1 8 2005272 364 2 3 2010272 390 0 0 2015270 366 0 7 2020266 005 1 6 Source Populations by City and Country in Taiwan in Chinese Ministry of the Interior Population Census Education Edit National Chiayi University National Chiayi University National Chung Cheng University Tatung Institute of Commerce and Technology Chung Jen College of Nursing Health Science and ManagementEnergy EditGreen energy Edit On 17 December 2015 Chiayi City Government launched a program to set up solar panels at schools and offices in the city to reduce green house gases The program is expected to produce 3 55 million kWh of electricity annually and to help reducing carbon emission by 1 700 tonnes 22 Tourist attractions Edit Chiayi Prison Museum The spotted deer sculpture in the 228 National Memorial Park Hinoki Village Art Site of Chiayi Railway Warehouse Chia Le Fu Night Market Chiayi Art Museum Chiayi Botanical Garden Chiayi Cheng Huang Temple Chiayi City Municipal Baseball Stadium Chiayi Cultural and Creative Industries Park Chiayi Jen Wu Temple Chiayi Municipal Museum Chiayi Park Chiayi Confucian Temple Kagi Shrine Sun Shooting Tower Chiayi Prison Museum Hinoki Village Lantan Lake Museum of Old Taiwan Tiles St John s Cathedral Taiwan Hinoki Museum Water Source Water Meter Room Wenhua Road Night Market Historic Archives Building of Chiayi City 史蹟資料館 228 Memorial Park National 228 Memorial Park Chung Cheng Park 23 Alishan Forest Railway amp Railway Park Chiayi International Band FestivalChiayi is the city of wind music in Taiwan The wind music festival started as a local event in 1988 when it was more like a joint performance by local wind music bands Over the years the festival has become the most anticipated annual event in Chiayi 24 Sports EditMajor sporting events held by Chiayi include 1999 Asian Youth Boys Volleyball Championship 2001 Baseball World Cup Co hosted with Taipei New Taipei and Kaohsiung 2012 Asian Soft Tennis Championship 2018 World University Baseball ChampionshipNotable residents natives EditTan Ting pho 1895 1947 Taiwan famous painter Sow Hsin Chen 1935 2021 American physicist Professor Vincent Siew 1939 Taiwanese politician Vice President of the Republic of China 2008 2012 Vice Chairman of the Kuomintang Huang Min hui 1959 former mayor of Chiayi City vice chairperson of Kuomintang a member of the Legislative Yuan 1999 and 2005 Lo Chen Jung 1961 Taiwanese left handed baseball pitcher Wu Bai 1968 Taiwanese rock singer International relations EditMain article List of twin towns and sister cities in Taiwan Twin towns sister cities Edit Chiayi is twinned with East Orange New Jersey United States 1972 Jackson Mississippi United States 1972 Juneau Alaska United States 1977 Murray Utah United States 1977 Bulacan Province Philippines 1980 Martinsburg West Virginia United States 1988 Syracuse New York United States 1995 Hsinchu City Taiwan 2002 Transportation Edit Chiayi Station Rail Edit Chiayi City is served by Chiayi Station and Jiabei Station of the Taiwan Railways Administration Chiayi Station is the starting point for the Alishan Forest Railway The city is also accessible from THSR Chiayi Station in Chiayi County Bus Edit Chiayi Bus Rapid Transit connects Chiayi City to Chiayi HSR station in the neighboring Taibao City Chiayi City Bus serves the urban areas of Chiayi City Air Edit Chiayi City is served by Chiayi Airport in the neighboring Shuishang Township In popular culture EditChiayi City and its street foods including the famous Chiayi turkey rice were featured on the Netflix TV series Street Food in season 1 25 See also EditList of mayors of Chiayi Chiayi CountyReferences Edit Xian shi zhongyao tǒngji zhǐbiao chaxun xitǒng wǎng 縣市重要統計指標查詢系統網 Zhōnghua minguo tǒngji zixun wǎng 中華民國統計資訊網 in Chinese Archived from the original on 12 June 2016 Retrieved 1 July 2016 Minzheng chu 2016 07 01 Jiayi Shi 105 nian 6 yuefen renkǒu tǒngji ziliao 嘉義市105年6月份人口統計資料 Population Statistics of Chiayi City for June 2016 Jiayi Shi zhengfǔ 嘉義市政府 in Chinese Archived from the original on 16 September 2016 Retrieved 1 July 2016 Chia i Merriam Webster Dictionary Campbell William 1903 Explanatory Notes Formosa under the Dutch described from contemporary records with explanatory notes and a bibliography of the island London Kegan Paul p 549 ISBN 9789576380839 OCLC 644323041 Taiwan in Time Rebels of heaven and earth Taipei Times 17 April 2016 Campbell M W 1903 Explanatory Notes Formosa Under the Dutch Described from Contemporary Records with Explanatory Notes and a Bibliography of the Island London Kegan Paul Trench Trubner amp Co p 549 ISBN 9789576380839 OCLC 644323041 Campbell W 1915 Sketches from Formosa London Marshall Brothers pp 79 81 It was on a later occasion I arrived in Ka gi to find the people engaged in their absurd periodic custom of stonethrowing Takekoshi Yosaburō 1907 Chapter XIII Population and Future Development of the Island Resources Japanese Rule in Formosa Translated by Braithwaite George London Longmans Green and Co p 200 OCLC 753129 OL 6986981M Campbell W 1915 Sketches from Formosa London Marshall Brothers pp 82 83 臺灣建制市的市轄區變遷 www aiplus idv tw Retrieved 2022 03 20 二二八民變 台灣與蔣介石 143 146 1947台灣二二八革命 166 185 責任歸屬研究報告 61 63 Storm mg 2019 02 26 要殺光嘉義市民 菁英遭遊街槍決 民眾被掃射 二二八 民主聖地 挺身抗暴最慘烈 風傳媒 www storm mg in Chinese Taiwan Retrieved 2022 03 20 The 228 Massacre in Chiayi The Airport and Train Station Were Washed with Blood The Taiwan Gazette Retrieved 2022 03 20 Rezoning Taiwan Taiwan Today 1 February 2011 Retrieved 9 December 2020 History East District Office Chiayi City Archived from the original on 2017 03 14 Retrieved 2016 01 06 Monthly Mean Central Weather Bureau Retrieved 29 November 2022 氣象站各月份最高氣溫統計 PDF in Chinese Central Weather Bureau Retrieved 29 November 2022 氣象站各月份最高氣溫統計 續 PDF in Chinese Central Weather Bureau Retrieved 29 November 2022 氣象站各月份最低氣溫統計 PDF in Chinese Central Weather Bureau Retrieved 29 November 2022 氣象站各月份最低氣溫統計 續 PDF in Chinese Central Weather Bureau Retrieved 29 November 2022 大選關鍵區 嘉義市藍綠皆配角 派系也式微 誰抓得住民主聖地 天下雜誌 天下雜誌 in Chinese Retrieved 2022 03 20 Chiang Chun liang Hou Elaine 2015 12 17 Chiayi City Launches Solar Power System Program Focus Taiwan News Channel Central News Agency Archived from the original on 2015 12 18 Retrieved 2015 12 18 Chung Cheng Park Travel in Chiayi Archived from the original on 2015 06 10 Retrieved 2013 11 16 The Sound of Wind Music 2008 Chiayi City International Band Festival Culture tw 2009 01 17 Archived from the original on 2009 02 03 Retrieved 2009 02 06 Brown Joshua Samuel 22 May 2019 Taiwan Culture and Cuisine Shine on New Netflix Series Street Food CommonWealth Magazine Medium Retrieved 26 July 2020 External links EditChiayi at Wikipedia s sister projects Definitions from Wiktionary Media from Commons News from Wikinews Quotations from Wikiquote Texts from Wikisource Textbooks from Wikibooks Resources from Wikiversity Data from Wikidata Official website Chiayi City County tourism official website Chiayi City Police Bureau official website Chiayi travel guide from Wikivoyage Geographic data related to Chiayi at OpenStreetMap National Chung Cheng University official website Coordinates 23 28 48 N 120 26 59 E 23 48000 N 120 44972 E 23 48000 120 44972 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Chiayi amp oldid 1148283248, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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