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Queen Camilla

November 14, 2023

For other uses, see Queen Camilla (disambiguation).

Camilla (born Camilla Rosemary Shand, later Camilla Parker Bowles, 17 July 1947) is Queen of the United Kingdom and the 14 other Commonwealth realms as the wife of King Charles III.[note 1]

Camilla
Formal portrait, 2019
Queen consort of the United Kingdom
and other Commonwealth realms[note 1]
Tenure8 September 2022 – present
Coronation6 May 2023
BornCamilla Rosemary Shand
(1947-07-17) 17 July 1947 (age 76)
King's College Hospital, London, England
Spouses
​
​
(m. 1973; div. 1995)​
​
(m. 2005)​
Issue
HouseWindsor (by marriage)
FatherBruce Shand
MotherRosalind Cubitt
Signature
Education

Camilla was raised in East Sussex and South Kensington in England and educated in England, Switzerland, and France. In 1973, she married British Army officer Andrew Parker Bowles; they divorced in 1995. Camilla and Charles were romantically involved periodically, both before and during each of their first marriages. Their relationship was highly publicised in the media and attracted worldwide scrutiny.[a] In 2005, Camilla married Charles in the Windsor Guildhall, which was followed by a televised Anglican blessing at St George's Chapel in Windsor Castle. From their marriage until her husband's accession, she was known as the Duchess of Cornwall. On 8 September 2022, Charles became king upon the death of his mother, Queen Elizabeth II, with Camilla as queen consort. Charles and Camilla's coronation took place at Westminster Abbey on 6 May 2023.

Camilla carries out public engagements representing the monarchy, often alongside her husband. She is also the patron, the president, or a member of numerous charities and organisations. Since 1994, Camilla has campaigned to raise awareness of osteoporosis, which has earned her several honours and awards. She has also campaigned to raise awareness of issues such as rape, sexual abuse, illiteracy, animal welfare, and poverty.

Early life and education

Camilla Rosemary Shand was born at King's College Hospital, London, on 17 July 1947.[1][b] Her family split their time between their country house – 18th century The Laines[2] in Plumpton, East Sussex[3] – and their London house in South Kensington.[4] Her parents were British Army officer-turned-businessman Major Bruce Shand and his wife The Hon. Rosalind Cubitt, daughter of Roland Cubitt, 3rd Baron Ashcombe. Camilla has a younger sister, Annabel Elliot, and had a younger brother, Mark Shand.[5] One of her maternal great-grandmothers, Alice Keppel, was a mistress of King Edward VII from 1898 to 1910.[6] On 1 November 1947, Shand was baptised at St. Peter's Church, Firle, East Sussex.[7]

Shand's mother was a charity worker[8] who during the 1960s and 1970s volunteered at the Chailey Heritage Foundation (which helps young children with disabilities) near their Sussex home. Her father had various business interests after retiring from the army. He was most notably a partner in Block, Grey and Block, a firm of wine merchants in South Audley Street, Mayfair, later joining Ellis, Son and Vidler of Hastings and London.[9]

During her childhood, Shand became an avid reader through the influence of her father, who read to her frequently.[10] She grew up with dogs and cats,[11] and, at a young age, learnt how to ride by joining Pony Club camps, going on to win rosettes at community gymkhanas.[12][4] According to her, childhood "was perfect in every way".[3] Biographer Gyles Brandreth describes her background and childhood:

Camilla is often described as having had an "Enid Blyton sort of childhood". In fact, it was much grander than that. Camilla, as a little girl, may have had some personality traits of George, the tomboy girl among the Famous Five, but Enid Blyton's children were essentially middle-class children and the Shands, without question, belonged to the upper class. The Shands had position and they had help—help in the house, help in the garden, help with children. They were gentry. They opened their garden for the local Conservative Party Association summer fête. Enough said.[11]

When she was five, Shand was sent to Dumbrells, a co-educational school in Ditchling village.[11] From the age of 10, she attended Queen's Gate School near her London home. Her classmates at Queen's Gate knew her as "Milla"; her fellow pupils included the singer Twinkle (Lynn Ripley), who described her as a girl of "inner strength" exuding "magnetism and confidence".[13] One of the teachers at the school, the writer Penelope Fitzgerald, who taught French, remembered Shand as "bright and lively". Shand left Queen's Gate with one O-level in 1964; her parents did not make her stay long enough for A-levels.[14] Aged 16, she attended the Mon Fertile finishing school in Tolochenaz, Switzerland.[15] After completing her course there, she studied French and French literature at the University of London Institute in Paris for six months.[16][17][18]

On 25 March 1965, Shand was a debutante in London,[19] one of 311 that year. After moving from home, she shared a small flat in Kensington with her friend Jane Wyndham, niece of decorator Nancy Lancaster. She later moved into a larger flat in Belgravia, which she shared with her landlady Lady Moyra Campbell, the daughter of the Duke of Abercorn, and later with Virginia Carington, daughter of the politician Peter Carington, 6th Baron Carrington.[20] Virginia later married Shand's uncle Henry Cubitt (1973 until 1979),[21] and in 2005 became a special aide to Camilla and Charles.[22] Shand worked as a secretary for a variety of firms in the West End, and as a receptionist for the decorating firm Sibyl Colefax & John Fowler in Mayfair.[23] She was reportedly fired from the job after "she came in late, having been to a dance".[24]

Shand continued to ride, and frequently attended equestrian activities.[25] She also had a passion for painting, which eventually led to her private tutoring with an artist, although most of her work "ended up in the bin".[26] Other interests were fishing, horticulture and gardening.[27][28]

Marriages and children

First marriage

In the late 1960s, Shand met Andrew Parker Bowles (then a Guards officer – a lieutenant in the Blues and Royals[29]) through his younger brother, Simon, who worked for her father's wine firm in Mayfair.[30] After an on-and-off relationship for years, Parker Bowles and Shand's engagement was announced in The Times in 1973.[31] Sally Bedell Smith claimed that the announcement was sent out by the pair's parents without their knowledge, which forced Parker Bowles to propose.[32] They married on 4 July 1973 in a Roman Catholic ceremony at the Guards' Chapel, Wellington Barracks, in London.[33] Shand was 25 years old and Parker Bowles 33. Her wedding dress was designed by British fashion house Bellville Sassoon,[33] and the bridesmaids included Parker Bowles's goddaughter Lady Emma Herbert.[34] It was considered the "society wedding of the year"[35] with 800 guests.[33] Royal guests present at the ceremony and reception included Queen Elizabeth II's daughter, Anne; the Queen's sister, Margaret; and Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother.[35]

 
Bolehyde Manor in Allington, Wiltshire

The couple made their home in Wiltshire, purchasing Bolehyde Manor in Allington and later Middlewick House in Corsham.[36][37] They had two children: Tom (born 18 December 1974), who is a godson of King Charles III,[38] and Laura (born 1 January 1978).[39] Both children were brought up in their father's Roman Catholic faith, particularly during the lifetime of their paternal grandmother Ann Parker Bowles; Camilla remained an Anglican and did not convert to Roman Catholicism.[40] Laura attended a Catholic girls' school, but married in an Anglican church; Tom did not attend Ampleforth College as his father had, but Eton – and was married outside the Catholic Church. Tom, like his father, is in remainder to the Earldom of Macclesfield.[29]

In December 1994, after 21 years of marriage, the Parker Bowleses issued divorce proceedings on the grounds they had been living separately for years. In July of that year, Camilla's mother, Rosalind, had died from osteoporosis, and her father later described this as a "difficult time for her".[41] Their petition was heard and granted in January 1995 at the High Court Family Division in London.[42] The divorce was finalised on 3 March 1995.[43] A year later, Andrew married Rosemary Pitman (who died in 2010).[44][45]

Relationship with Charles

Camilla Shand reportedly met Prince Charles in mid-1971.[46] Andrew Parker Bowles had ended his relationship with Shand in 1970 and was courting Princess Anne, Charles's sister.[47] Though Shand and Charles belonged to the same social circle and occasionally attended the same events, they had not formally met. Their biographer Brandreth states that they did not first meet at a polo match, as has been commonly believed.[48][49] Instead, they first met at the home of their friend Lucía Santa Cruz, who formally introduced them.[25][50] They became close friends and eventually began a romantic relationship, which was well known within their social circle.[51] As a couple, they regularly met at polo matches at Smith's Lawn in Windsor Great Park, where Charles often played polo.[52] They also became part of a set at Annabel's in Berkeley Square.[46] As the relationship grew more serious, Charles met Shand's family in Plumpton, and he introduced her to some members of his family.[53] The relationship was put on hold after Charles travelled overseas to join the Royal Navy in early 1973, and ended abruptly afterward.[1][54]

There have been different explanations for why the relationship ended. Robert Lacey wrote in his 2008 book Royal: Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II that Charles met Shand too early, and he had not asked her to wait for him when he went overseas for military duties.[55] Sarah Bradford wrote in her 2007 book Diana that a member of the close circle of his great-uncle Lord Mountbatten claimed Mountbatten arranged for Charles to be taken overseas to end the relationship with Shand, to make way for an engagement between Charles and his granddaughter Amanda Knatchbull.[56] Some sources suggest Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother did not approve of Shand because she wanted Charles to marry one of the Spencer family granddaughters of her close friend Lady Fermoy.[57] Other sources suggest Shand did not want to marry Charles but instead Andrew Parker Bowles, having had an on-and-off relationship with him since the late 1960s[58]—or that Charles had decided he would not marry until he was 30.[59]

The majority of royal biographers agree that Charles would not have been allowed to marry Shand had he sought permission to do so. According to Charles's cousin and godmother Patricia Knatchbull, 2nd Countess Mountbatten of Burma, some palace courtiers at that time deemed Shand unsuitable as a prospective consort. In 2005, she stated, "With hindsight, you can say that Charles should have married Camilla when he first had the chance. They were ideally suited, we know that now. But it wasn't possible."[...][60] "it wouldn't have been possible, not then."[...][61] Nevertheless, they remained friends.[62][63] In August 1979, Lord Mountbatten was assassinated by the Provisional Irish Republican Army. Charles was grief-stricken by his death, and reportedly relied heavily on Camilla Parker Bowles for solace. During this period, rumours began circulating, among close friends of the Parker Bowleses and in polo-playing communities, that Camilla and Charles had rekindled their intimate relationship.[64] A source close to Parker Bowles confirmed that by 1980 they had indeed rekindled as lovers.[65] There are also claims by royal staff that it occurred earlier.[66] Parker Bowles's husband, Andrew, reportedly approved of the affair,[67] while he had numerous lovers throughout their marriage.[68] Nevertheless, Charles soon began a relationship with Lady Diana Spencer, whom he married in 1981.[69]

The affair became public knowledge in the press a decade later, with the publication of Diana: Her True Story in 1992,[70] followed by the "Camillagate" (also known as "Tampongate"[71]) tape scandal in 1993,[72] when an intimate telephone conversation between Parker Bowles and Charles was secretly recorded, and the transcripts were published in the tabloid press.[73][74] The book and tape immediately damaged Charles's public image,[75] and the media vilified Parker Bowles.[76] In 1994, Charles finally spoke about his relationship with Parker Bowles in Charles: The Private Man, the Public Role with Jonathan Dimbleby. He told Dimbleby in the interview, "Mrs. Parker Bowles is a great friend of mine... a friend for a very long time. She will continue to be a friend for a very long time."[77] He later admitted in the interview that their relationship was rekindled after his marriage had "irretrievably broken down" in 1986.[78]

Image rehabilitation

Following both of their divorces, Prince Charles declared his relationship with Parker Bowles was "non-negotiable".[79] Charles was aware that the relationship was receiving a lot of negative publicity, and appointed Mark Bolland—whom he had employed in 1995 to refurbish his own image‍—‌to enhance Parker Bowles's public profile.[80] Parker Bowles occasionally became Charles's unofficial companion at events. In 1999, they made their first public appearance together at the Ritz London Hotel, where they attended a birthday party for Camilla's sister Annabel Elliot; about 200 photographers and reporters from around the world were there to witness them together.[81] In 2000, she accompanied Charles to Scotland for a number of official engagements, and in 2001, she became president of the Royal Osteoporosis Society (ROS), which introduced her to the public.[82]

Parker Bowles later met Queen Elizabeth II, for the first time since the relationship was made public, at the 60th birthday party of the former King Constantine II of Greece in 2000. This meeting was seen as an apparent seal of approval by the Queen on Parker Bowles's relationship with Prince Charles.[83][84] After a series of appearances at public and private venues, the Queen invited Parker Bowles to her Golden Jubilee celebrations in 2002. She sat in the royal box behind the Queen for one of the concerts at Buckingham Palace.[85] Charles reportedly paid privately for two full-time security staff for her protection.[86] Although Parker Bowles maintained her residence, Ray Mill House, which she purchased in 1995, near Lacock in Wiltshire,[87] she then moved into Clarence House, Charles's household and official residence since 2003.[88] In 2004, she accompanied Charles on almost all of his official events, including a high-profile visit together to the annual highland games in Scotland.[89] The media speculated on when they would announce their engagement, and as time went by, polls conducted in the UK showed overall support for the marriage.[90]

Despite this image rehabilitation, Parker Bowles received backlash from supporters of Diana who wrote to national newspapers to air their views, especially after Parker Bowles and Charles's wedding plans were announced.[91] This sentiment was later parodied by internet trolls on Facebook and TikTok through fake fanpages and accounts dedicated to Diana.[92] In 2023, The Independent named Camilla the most influential woman of 2023 in its "Influence List 2023".[93]

Second marriage

Further information: Wedding of Prince Charles and Camilla Parker Bowles and Wedding dress of Camilla Parker Bowles

On 10 February 2005, Clarence House publicised the engagement of Camilla Parker Bowles and the Prince of Wales. As an engagement ring, Charles gave Parker Bowles a diamond ring believed to have been given to his grandmother, The Queen Mother, when she gave birth to Charles's mother.[94] The ring comprised a square-cut diamond with three diamond baguettes on each side.[95] As the future supreme governor of the Church of England, the prospect of Charles marrying a divorcée was seen as controversial, but with the consent of the Queen,[96] the government,[97] and the Church of England, the couple were able to wed. The Queen, Prime Minister Tony Blair, and Archbishop of Canterbury Rowan Williams offered their best wishes in statements to the media.[98] In the two months following the announcement of their engagement, Clarence House received 25,000 letters with "95 or 99 per cent being supportive"; 908 hate mail letters were also received, with the more threatening and personal ones sent to the police for investigation.[99]

The marriage was to have been on 8 April 2005, in a civil ceremony at Windsor Castle, with a subsequent religious service of blessing[100] at St George's Chapel. However, to conduct a civil marriage at Windsor Castle would oblige the venue to obtain a licence for civil marriages, which it did not have. A condition of such a licence is that the licensed venue must be available for a period of one year to anyone wishing to be married there, and as the royal family did not wish to make Windsor Castle available to the public for civil marriages, the venue was changed to the town hall at Windsor Guildhall.[101] On 4 April, the marriage was delayed by one day to allow the Prince of Wales and some of the invited dignitaries to attend the funeral of Pope John Paul II.[102]

On 9 April 2005, the marriage ceremony was held. The parents of Charles and Camilla did not attend;[103] instead, Camilla's son Tom and Charles's son Prince William acted as witnesses to the union.[104] The Queen and the Duke of Edinburgh did attend the service of blessing. Afterwards, a reception was held by the Queen for the newlyweds at Windsor Castle.[105] Performers included the St George's Chapel Choir, the Philharmonia Orchestra, and Welsh composer Alun Hoddinott.[106] As a wedding gift, The Marinsky Theatre Trust in St. Petersburg brought a Belarusian mezzo-soprano singer, Ekaterina Semenchuk, to the UK to perform a special song for the couple.[107] Following the wedding, the couple travelled to the Prince's country home in Scotland, Birkhall,[108] and carried out their first public duties together during their honeymoon.[109]

Duchess of Cornwall (2005–2022)

 
In Brazil, 2009

After becoming Duchess of Cornwall, Camilla automatically acquired rank as the second highest woman in the British order of precedence (after Queen Elizabeth II), and as typically fifth or sixth in the orders of precedence of her other realms, following the Queen, the relevant viceroy, the Duke of Edinburgh, and the Prince of Wales. It was revealed that the Queen altered the royal order of precedence for private occasions, placing the Duchess fourth, after the Queen, Princess Anne and Princess Alexandra.[110] Within two years of the marriage, the Queen extended Camilla visible tokens of membership in the royal family: she lent Camilla the Greville Tiara, which previously belonged to the Queen Mother,[111] and granted her the badge of the Royal Family Order of Elizabeth II.[112]

After their wedding, Clarence House, the official residence of Prince Charles, also became Camilla's official residence. The couple also stay at Birkhall for holiday events, and Highgrove House in Gloucestershire for family gatherings. In 2008, they took up residence at Llwynywermod, Wales, where they stay on their visit to Wales every year in the summer and for other occasions.[113] To spend time alone with her children and grandchildren, Camilla still maintains her home, Ray Mill House, in which she resided from 1995 to 2003.[114]

 
With Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Charles in the 1902 State Landau, 2012

According to an undated statement from Clarence House, Camilla used to be a smoker but has not smoked for many years.[115] Though no details were publicly released, it was confirmed in March 2007 that Camilla had undergone a hysterectomy.[116] In April 2010, she fractured her left leg while hill walking in Scotland.[117] In November 2010, Camilla and Charles were indirectly involved in student protests when their car was attacked by protesters.[118] Clarence House later released a statement on the incident: "A car carrying Prince Charles and the Duchess of Cornwall was attacked by protesters, but the couple were unharmed."[119] In 2011, Camilla and Charles were named as individuals whose confidential information was reportedly targeted or actually acquired in conjunction with the news media phone hacking scandal.[120]

On 9 April 2012, the seventh wedding anniversary of the Duchess and the Prince of Wales, the Queen appointed the Duchess to the Royal Victorian Order.[121] In 2015, the Prince of Wales commissioned a pub to be named after the Duchess, situated at Poundbury village. The pub opened in 2016 and is named the Duchess of Cornwall Inn.[122] On 9 June 2016, the Queen appointed the Duchess as a member of the British Privy Council.[123] On 1 January 2022, she made Camilla a Royal Lady of the Most Noble Order of the Garter.[124] On 14 February 2022, Camilla tested positive for COVID-19, four days after her husband had also contracted it, and began self-isolating.[125] She and her husband received their first doses of a COVID-19 vaccine in February 2021.[126] Camilla completed 3,886 engagements between 2005 and 2022.[127]

Foreign and domestic trips

 
Prince Charles and Camilla with President George W. Bush and First Lady Laura Bush at the White House, November 2005

Camilla's first solo engagement as Duchess of Cornwall was a visit to Southampton General Hospital;[128] she attended the Trooping the Colour for the first time in June 2005, making her appearance on the balcony of Buckingham Palace afterwards. The Duchess made her inaugural overseas tour in November 2005,[129] when she visited the United States,[129] and met President George W. Bush and First Lady Laura Bush at the White House.[130] Afterward, Camilla and Charles visited New Orleans to see the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina and met some of the residents whose lives were changed drastically by the hurricane.[131] In March 2006, the couple visited Egypt, Saudi Arabia and India.[132] In 2007, Camilla conducted the naming ceremonies for HMS Astute and the new Cunard cruise ship, MS Queen Victoria.[133] In November 2007, she toured with the Prince of Wales on a four-day visit to Turkey.[134] In 2008, she and the Prince of Wales toured the Caribbean, Japan, Brunei and Indonesia.[135] In 2009, they toured Chile, Brazil, Ecuador,[136] Italy and Germany. Their visit to the Holy See in Italy included a meeting with Pope Benedict XVI.[137] They later visited Canada. In early 2010, they visited Hungary, the Czech Republic and Poland.[138] Camilla was unable to carry out her engagements on their tour of Eastern Europe after developing a trapped nerve in her back.[117] In October 2010, she accompanied the Prince of Wales to Delhi, India, for the opening of the 2010 Commonwealth Games.[139]

 
At the official opening of the Fourth Assembly at the Senedd in Cardiff, Wales, 7 June 2011

In March 2011, Camilla and Charles visited Portugal, Spain, and Morocco,[140] visiting the heads of state of each country.[141] In June 2011, the Duchess alone represented the British royal family at the 125th Wimbledon Tennis Championships.[142] In August 2011, she accompanied the Prince of Wales to Tottenham to visit the aftermath of the London riots.[143] The couple later went to visit with Tottenham residents in February 2012, meeting with local shop owners six months after the riots to see how they were doing.[144] In London on 11 September 2011, the Duchess attended the 10th anniversary memorial service of the 9/11 attacks, along with Prime Minister David Cameron and the Prince of Wales.[145] In November 2011, Camilla travelled with Charles to tour the Commonwealth and Arab States of the Persian Gulf. They toured South Africa and Tanzania, and met with those countries' respective presidents, Jacob Zuma and Jakaya Kikwete.[146]

In March 2012, the Duchess and the Prince of Wales visited Norway, Sweden and Denmark to mark the Queen's Diamond Jubilee.[147] In May 2012, the couple undertook a four-day trip to Canada as part of the jubilee celebrations.[148] In November 2012, they visited Australia, New Zealand and Papua New Guinea for a two-week jubilee tour.[149] During the Australian tour, they attended the 2012 Melbourne Cup, where the Duchess presented the Melbourne cup to the winner of the race.[150] In 2013, the couple went on a tour to Jordan, meeting with King Abdullah II and Queen Rania. They visited Syrian refugee camps of the civil war.[151] Camilla attended the State Opening of Parliament for the first time in May 2013,[152] and the same month, she travelled to Paris on her first solo trip outside the UK.[17] That same year, she and Charles attended the inauguration of Willem-Alexander, King of the Netherlands, as well as the preceding celebrations in honour of the departing Queen Beatrix.[153]

 
Camilla, June 2022

In June 2014, Camilla and Charles attended the 70th anniversary commemorations of D-Day in Normandy, France,[154] and in November of that year, they embarked on a nine-day tour to Mexico and Colombia.[155] In May 2015, they visited Northern Ireland and undertook their first joint trip to the Republic of Ireland.[156] In April 2018, the couple toured Australia and attended the opening of the 2018 Commonwealth Games.[157] They also toured the West African countries of The Gambia, Ghana and Nigeria in November 2018.[158] In March 2019, the Prince of Wales and the Duchess of Cornwall went on an official tour to Cuba, making them the first British royalty to visit the country; the tour was part of offers to strengthen UK-Cuban ties.[159] In March 2021, the couple went on their first official foreign visit since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic and visited Greece at the invitation of the Greek government to celebrate the bicentennial of Greek independence.[160] In March 2022, they visited the Republic of Ireland to commemorate the Queen's Platinum Jubilee.[161] In May 2022, the couple undertook a three-day trip to Canada as part of the Jubilee celebrations.[162]

Queen consort (2022–present)

 
On her coronation day, 2023

Camilla became queen consort on 8 September 2022 upon her husband's accession as Charles III, following the death of Elizabeth II.[163] On 10 September 2022, she attended the Accession Council where Charles was formally proclaimed king and she served as a witness together with her stepson Prince William.[164]

Following the accession, Camilla announced that she was replacing the traditional role of lady-in-waiting with a new role of queen's companion, which would be a more occasional and less formal role, assisting her at official engagements but not in replying to letters or day-to-day planning.[165]

On 13 February 2023, Buckingham Palace announced that Camilla had tested positive for COVID-19, which forced her to postpone a number of public engagements.[166] On 29 March 2023, she accompanied Charles for a state visit to Germany, which was his first foreign visit as monarch.[167]

Camilla was crowned alongside her husband on 6 May 2023, at Westminster Abbey, in London.[168] On 16 June 2023, Buckingham Palace announced that the King appointed the Queen to the Most Ancient and Most Noble Order of the Thistle.[169] On 5 July 2023, she accompanied the King to a national service of thanksgiving at St Giles' Cathedral where the Honours of Scotland were presented to him.[170] In the same month, it was announced that unlike the previous monarch's consort, Prince Philip, Camilla would not receive a Parliamentary annuity and her activities would be funded through the Sovereign Grant instead.[171]

In September and October 2023, the King and Queen undertook state visits to France and Kenya,[172][173] and in November Camilla appeared at the king's side at his first State Opening of Parliament as Sovereign.[174]

Charities and patronages

Patronages

Camilla is the patron or president of over 100 charities and organisations.[175][c]

Camilla is the honorary commodore-in-chief of the Royal Navy Medical Service. In this role, she visited the training-ship HMS Excellent in January 2012, to award medals to naval medical teams returning from service in Afghanistan.[186] She is also an honorary member of other patronages and in February 2012, she was elected a bencher of Gray's Inn.[187] In February 2013, she was appointed Chancellor of the University of Aberdeen, a role which is ceremonial and involves conferring graduates with their degrees[188] and took up the office in June 2013. She is the first female chancellor of the University of Aberdeen and the only member of the royal family to hold the post since it was created in 1860.[189]

 
At Barn Croft Primary School for a Commonwealth Big Lunch event, 2018. Camilla has been the initiative's patron since 2013.[190]

In 2015, Camilla's presidency of the Women of the World Festival, an annual festival that celebrates the achievements of women and girls as well as looking at the obstacles they face across the world, notably domestic violence,[191] was announced.[192] In 2018 and 2020, she became the vice-patron of the Royal Commonwealth Society and the Royal Academy of Dance, respectively, of which Queen Elizabeth II was a patron.[193] In March 2022, as President of the Royal Voluntary Service, Camilla launched the organisation's Platinum Champions Awards to honour 70 volunteers nominated by the public for their efforts in improving lives in their communities.[194] In the same month she was made patron of London's National Theatre by Queen Elizabeth II, a role previously held by her stepdaughter-in-law Meghan, Duchess of Sussex.[195]

Osteoporosis

In 1994, Camilla became a member of the National Osteoporosis Society after her mother died painfully from the disease that year. Her maternal grandmother also died from the disease in 1986. She became patron of the charity in 1997 and was appointed president in 2001 in a highly publicised event, accompanied by the Prince of Wales.[196] In 2002, she launched a mini book, A Skeleton Guide to a Healthy You, Vitamins and Minerals, which aims to help women protect themselves from the disease.[197] The following month, she attended the Roundtable of International Women Leaders to Examine Barriers to Reimbursement for Diagnosis and Treatment of Osteoporosis conference along with 13 eminent women from around the world. The event was organised by the International Osteoporosis Foundation and hosted by Queen Rania of Jordan and during it, she made her first public speech. The international conference, which took place in Lisbon, Portugal, brought together worldwide public figures to focus on osteoporosis treatment and called for government assistance around the world.[198] In 2004, she attended another conference in Dublin, organised by the Irish Osteoporosis Society and the following year visited the National Institutes of Health in Maryland, U.S. to give a presentation on osteoporosis to high-profile health figures.[199]

 
NIH director Elias Zerhouni welcomes Charles and Camilla to the NIH for a discussion on osteoporosis with Surgeon General Richard Carmona and other health officials, November 2005

In 2006, Camilla launched the Big Bone walk campaign, leading 90 children and people with osteoporosis for a 10-mile walk and climb around Loch Muick at the Balmoral Estate in Scotland to raise money for the charity.[200] The campaign raised £200,000, and continues almost every year as one of the fundraisers for the charity.[201] In 2011, she appeared in the BBC Radio drama The Archers, playing herself,[202] to raise the profile of the disease, and in 2013 teamed up with the television series Strictly Come Dancing to raise funds for the National Osteoporosis Society.[203] By 2006, she had spoken at more than 60 functions on the disease in the UK and around the world and had also opened bone scanning units and osteoporosis centres to help people with the disease.[196] Almost every year, Camilla attends and partakes in World Osteoporosis Day, by attending events around the UK on 20 October.[204] She continues to attend conferences around the world, and meets with health experts to further discuss the disease.[205]

For her work on raising awareness of osteoporosis around the world, Camilla was honoured with an Ethel LeFrak award in 2005 from an American charity[206] and received the Kohn Foundation Award in 2007 from the National Osteoporosis Society.[207] In July 2007, the Duchess opened the Duchess of Cornwall Centre for Osteoporosis at the Royal Cornwall Hospital, Truro.[208] The same year, King's College London awarded her an honorary fellowship for raising the profile of osteoporosis.[209] In 2009, the National Osteoporosis Society created The Duchess of Cornwall Award, which recognises achievements in the field of osteoporosis.[210] In 2016, she received an honorary doctorate from the University of Southampton in recognition of her efforts in raising awareness about osteoporosis.[211] In 2019, the National Osteoporosis Society was renamed as the Royal Osteoporosis Society.[212]

Victims of rape and sexual abuse

After visiting nine rape crisis centres in 2009 and hearing accounts from survivors, Camilla began raising awareness and advocating ways to help victims of rape and sexual abuse to overcome and move past their trauma.[213] She often speaks to victims at a rape crisis centre in Croydon and visits other centres to meet staff and victims, around the UK and during overseas tours.[214][215] In 2010, alongside the mayor of London, Boris Johnson, she opened a centre in Ealing, West London, for rape victims. The centre later expanded to other areas including Hillingdon, Fulham, Hounslow, and Hammersmith.[216] In 2011, the Duchess opened the Oakwood Place Essex Sexual Assault Referral Centre at Brentwood Community Hospital in Essex.[217] Camilla is patron of the Wiltshire Bobby Van Trust,[218] which provides home security for victims of crime and domestic abuse, and of SafeLives, a charity that campaigns against domestic abuse and violence.[219]

In 2013, Camilla held a meeting at Clarence House which brought together rape victims and rape support groups. Director of Public Prosecutions (and future Labour Party leader) Keir Starmer and Home Secretary Theresa May were guests at the occasion. At the occasion, she introduced a plan to help the victims: about 750 wash-bags, created by her Clarence House staff and packed with luxury toiletries, were distributed to victims at the centres. The Duchess thought of the gesture after she visited a centre in Derbyshire and asked victims what they would like to help them feel at ease after the trauma and forensic examinations. According to Clarence House, the event was the first meeting of high-profile figures to focus exclusively on rape and sexual abuse subjects.[215][220] The same year, the Duchess travelled to Northern Ireland and opened The Rowan, a sexual assault and referral centre at Antrim Area Hospital[221] which was the first centre to provide help and comfort to rape and sexual abuse victims in Northern Ireland.[222] In March 2016, during a tour to the Western Balkans with her husband, the Duchess visited UNICEF programmes in Montenegro and while there, she discussed child sexual abuse and was shown an exclusive preview of a new app designed to protect children from online sexual abuse.[223] The following year, the Duchess partnered with retail and pharmacy chain Boots to create a line of wash-bags which will be given to sexual assault referral centres around the UK.[224]

In May 2020, Camilla supported SafeLives's 'Reach In' campaign, which encourages people to look out for people around them that might be suffering from domestic violence.[225] In July 2020, she guest-edited The Emma Barnett Show on BBC Radio 5 Live, which featured conversations on domestic violence.[226] In September 2021, Camilla was named as patron of the Mirabel Centre, Nigeria's first sexual assault referral centre.[227] In October 2021, the Duchess gave a speech at the launch of Shameless, a project endorsed by the Women of the World Foundation and Birkbeck, University of London looking to educate people on sexual violence. She expressed her shock at the murder of Sarah Everard and urged both men and women to break down the "culture of silence" surrounding sexual assault.[228]

In February 2022, Camilla, with former British prime minister Theresa May, supported a campaign initiated by the NHS England to encourage survivors of sexual and domestic abuse to come forward for help.[229] The campaign also highlighted the support offered at sexual assault referral centres (SARCs) in England.[229] The campaign was released on the first day of Sexual Abuse and Sexual Violence Awareness Week.[229] She also visited the Haven Paddington, a sexual assault referral centre in West London and Thames Valley Partnership, a charity for domestic abuse survivors in Aylesbury.[230] In November 2022, Camilla hosted her first reception at Buckingham Palace after becoming Queen to raise awareness of violence against women and girls during the U.N.'s annual 16 Days of Activism against Gender-Based Violence campaign, joined by Sophie, Countess of Wessex, Queen Rania of Jordan, Queen Mathilde of Belgium, Crown Princess Mary of Denmark and First Lady of Ukraine Olena Zelenska.[231]

Literacy

 
With Peter McLaughlin, headmaster of The Doon School which she visited in November 2013 on her India tour[232]

Being an avid reader, Camilla is an advocate for literacy. She is the patron of the National Literacy Trust and other literacy charities. She often visits schools, libraries and children's organisations to read to young children. Additionally, she partakes in literacy celebrations, including International Literacy Day and World Book Day.[233] In 2011, she attended the Hay Festival to support children's literacy and while there, she donated books to the Oxfam bookshops.[234] In the same year, she donated money to support the Evening Standard's literacy campaign,[235] and replaced the Duke of Edinburgh as patron of BookTrust.[236] Camilla has also launched and continues to launch campaigns and programmes to promote literacy.[237] On spreading literacy, Camilla stated in 2013 during a speech at an event for the National Literacy Trust that "I firmly believe in the importance of igniting a passion for reading in the next generation. I was lucky enough to have a father who was a fervent bibliophile and a brilliant storyteller too. In a world where the written word competes with so many other calls on our attention, we need more Literacy Heroes to keep inspiring young people to find the pleasure and power of reading for themselves."[238]

Camilla has been patron of the Queen's Commonwealth Essay Competition since 2014. The initiative, which is run by the Royal Commonwealth Society, asks young writers from across the Commonwealth to write essays on a specified theme, with the Duchess launching the competition annually.[239] Since 2015, Camilla has been involved with 500 Words, a competition launched by BBC Radio 2 for children to write and share their stories[240] and was announced as the competition's honorary judge in 2018.[241] Since 2019 Camilla has supported Gyles Brandreth's initiative Poetry Together, which aims to bring younger and older generations together through poetry recitation.[242] In January 2021, she launched the Duchess of Cornwall's Reading Room online club for readers, writers and literary communities to connect and share their interests and projects.[243] In October 2021, she was announced as patron of Silver Stories, a charity that links young people to the elderly by encouraging them to read stories over telephone.[244] In January 2022, she joined members of the Reading Room initiative to promote planting books in phonebox libraries around the UK.[245] In May 2022, she became patron of Book Aid International, a role previously held by Prince Philip from 1966 until his death in 2021.[246] In July 2022 and ahead of her 75th birthday, Camilla launched her Birthday Books Project, with the aim of providing wellbeing and happiness-themed mini libraries at 75 primary schools from disadvantaged areas in the UK.[247] In February 2023, the Reading Room initiative was relaunched as a charity under the name the Queen's Reading Room.[248] The inaugural Queen's Reading Room Festival was held at Hampton Court Palace on 11 June, with Judi Dench, Richard E. Grant, Robert Harris, Kate Mosse and other celebrities as guests. The festival is expected to become an annual event.[249][250] In May 2023, as patron of the National Literary Trust, Camilla opened the first Coronation library at Shirehampton Primary School in Bristol, and 50 Coronation libraries will be created for children in communities with low levels of literacy across the UK in 2023 and 2024.[251] In September 2023, Queen Camilla and Brigitte Macron launched a new UK-France literary prize, the Entente Litteraire Prize at the Bibliotheque nationale de France (BnF) in Paris. The Entente Littéraire Prize will recognise Young Adult (YA) Fiction and allow UK and French citizens to share joint literary experiences, reinforcing cultural ties whilst celebrating the joys of reading.[252][253]

Other areas

Camilla is a supporter of animal welfare and patron of many animal welfare charities, including Battersea Dogs & Cats Home and president of Brooke Hospital for Animals.[254] She often visits other animal shelters to show her support and to see how the animals are cared for. In 2011, she adopted a rescue puppy, a Jack Russell Terrier named Beth, from Battersea Dogs and Cats Home,[255] and in 2012 adopted another named Bluebell from the shelter.[256] Also in 2012, she opened two veterinary facilities at the University of Bristol's School of Veterinary Sciences at Langford in Somerset, which provide treatment for sick animals.[257] In 2015, Camilla worked with department store Fortnum & Mason to sell 250 jars of honey produced by bees in her private garden in Wiltshire; the jars, priced at £20, sold out in two weeks[258] and the proceeds were donated to the Medical Detection Dogs charity, of which she is a patron.[259] Since then, Camilla sends a limited edition of honey every year to Fortnum & Mason, with proceeds donated to her other charities.[260]

Camilla supports organisations around the world working to combat poverty and homelessness. She is the patron of Emmaus UK, and in 2013, during her solo trip to Paris, she went to see the work done by the charity in that city. Every year around Christmas, she visits Emmaus communities across the UK.[17] In a similar vein, she is a staunch supporter of credit unions,[261] which she states are a "real force for change in the financial landscape, serve the people, not profit" and "provide a friendly financial community where members mutually benefit from advice, as well as savings accounts and loans."[262] Camilla annually hosts disabled and terminally ill children from her patronages Helen & Douglas House and Roald Dahl's Marvellous Children's Charity for lunch at Clarence House, where they also decorate the Christmas tree.[263] She also supports healthy-eating, anti-FGM,[264] arts and heritage related organisations and programmes.[179]

In March 2022 and amid the Russian invasion of Ukraine, Camilla made a "substantial" donation to the Daily Mail's refugee campaign.[265] In February 2023, she and Charles donated to the Disasters Emergency Committee (DEC) which was helping victims of the 2023 Turkey–Syria earthquake.[266]

Fashion and style

Camilla topped Richard Blackwell's list of "Ten Worst-Dressed Women" in 1994, and her name appeared on it again in 1995, 2001 and 2006.[267] In the years after her marriage, Camilla has developed her own style and tried outfits and ensembles by notable fashion designers.[268][269] She is said to prefer "signature tea and shirt dress styles" and favours "tones of nude, white and navy" and "round necklines".[268] She has also been praised for her jewellery collections.[268] In 2018, Tatler named her on its list of Britain's best dressed people, praising her for her hat choices which have given "millinery a good name".[270] Charles and Camilla topped Tatler's Social Power Index for 2022 and 2023.[271]

In 2022, Camilla took part in her first solo magazine shoot for British Vogue, appearing in the July 2022 issue.[272] The shoot took place at Clarence House, and the outfits were chosen from her own wardrobe.[272] In 2023, Camilla was named one among British Vogue's "The Vogue 25", which annually celebrates influential women pushing British society forwards.[273]

Titles, styles, honours and arms

Main article: List of titles and honours of Queen Camilla

Titles and styles

 
 
Camilla's royal cyphers as queen (left)[274] and Duchess of Cornwall (right)

Upon marrying Charles, Camilla was styled "Her Royal Highness The Duchess of Cornwall". In Scotland, she was known as "Her Royal Highness The Duchess of Rothesay".[275] Legally, Camilla was Princess of Wales but adopted the feminine form of her husband's highest-ranking subsidiary title, Duke of Cornwall, in a concession to the low public opinion of her.[276] In 2021, upon the death of Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, Charles inherited his father's titles,[277] and Camilla thus became also formally Duchess of Edinburgh until September 2022.[278]

Clarence House stated on the occasion of Charles and Camilla's wedding in 2005 that, upon his accession, she intended to be known as princess consort rather than as queen.[279] Like the initial title of duchess, this promise reflected public disapproval.[163] There is no legal or historical precedent for such a title, however, and Camilla was to be queen under common law anyway.[280] The rising public acceptance of Camilla allowed the 2005 announcement to be quietly shelved.[163] In her 2022 Accession Day message, Elizabeth II stated that it was her "sincere wish" for Camilla to be known as queen consort upon Charles's accession to the throne.[281]

Camilla duly became queen consort upon Charles's accession on 8 September 2022. She was initially styled as "Her Majesty The Queen Consort" to distinguish her from the recently deceased Queen Elizabeth II.[282][283] Since her coronation on 6 May 2023, she has been styled "Her Majesty The Queen", consistent with past queens.[284]

Honours

Camilla is a Royal Lady of the Most Noble Order of the Garter,[285] Extra Lady of the Most Ancient and Most Noble Order of the Thistle,[286] Dame Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order,[287] recipient of the Royal Family Order of Queen Elizabeth II,[288] and a member of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom.[289]

Arms

Coat of arms of Queen Camilla
 
Notes
On Camilla's 58th birthday in 2005, Clarence House announced that she had been granted by Queen Elizabeth II a coat of arms for her own personal use. It was reported that Queen Elizabeth II, Charles, and Camilla all took a "keen interest" in the arms' creation, and they were prepared by Peter Gwynn-Jones, Garter Principal King of Arms.[290][291] A new grant of arms was made in 2023 after her husband's accession.[292] Camilla's coat of arms impale the coat of arms of her husband to the dexter, with her father's own coat of arms to the sinister.[292]
Adopted
21 February 2023 (first granted 14 July 2005)[292]
Coronet
Tudor Crown[292]
Escutcheon
Within the Garter Our Royal Arms [Quarterly, I and IV Gules, three lions passant guardant in pale Or langued and armed Azure. II Or a lion rampant Gules armed and langued Azure within a double tressure flory-counter-flory Gules. III Azure a harp Or stringed Argent] impaling the Arms of Shand [Azure a Boar's Head erased behind the ears Argent armed and langued Or on a Chief engrailed Argent between two Mullets Gules a Cross crosslet fitchy Sable] surmounted by Our Crown[291][292]
Supporters
To the dexter A Lion Guardant Or Crowned proper and to the sinister A Boar Azure armed and unguled Or langued Gules and gorged with a Coronet composed of Crosses formy and Fleurs-de-lys attached thereto a Chain reflexed over the back and ending in a Ring all Or[292]
Orders
The ribbon of the Order of the Garter:[292] Honi soit qui mal y pense ('Shame be to him who thinks evil of it')
Banner
  A banner of Camilla's arms combined with the Royal Standard
Symbolism
The arms contain symbolism from Camilla's paternal arms: those of the Shands of Craig from Aberdeenshire. The boar's head might indicate a connection to the prominent Gordon family of Aberdeenshire, whose arms also contain a boar's head. The mullets (stars) probably stem from marriage alliances with families that used mullets in their arms: potentially the Aberdeenshire family of Blackhall or the family of Reid of Pitfoddells.[293] The cross is used to difference the family arms and is specific to Camilla's father, Major Bruce Shand. Camilla's blue boar supporter echoes Major Shand's crest ("a boar statant Azure armed and langued Gules his dexter forefoot resting on a mullet Gules").[294]
Previous versions
 
 
 
Initial versions of her arms as Duchess of Cornwall were depicted without the Order of the Garter, to which she was appointed in 2022. Between 2012 and 2022, her arms featured the Royal Victorian Order circlet, with the insignia of GCVO appended.[295]

Ancestry

Camilla's ancestry is predominantly English. She also has Dutch, Scottish, Colonial American, French and French–Canadian ancestors.[296]

Camilla is descended from Dutch emigrant Arnold Joost van Keppel, who was created Earl of Albemarle by King William III in 1696.[297] Through Anne van Keppel, Countess of Albemarle and a granddaughter of King Charles II, Camilla's bloodline is descended from the Houses of Stuart and Bourbon.[296][298] Camilla's Scottish lineage descends from King Robert III through his daughter Mary, who was the mother of Sir William Edmonstone of Duntreath, an ancestor of her maternal great-great-grandfather, Sir William Edmonstone, 4th Baronet.[299] Her paternal ancestors, an upper-class family, emigrated to England from Scotland.[300]

Camilla's French lineage derives partially through her maternal great-great-grandmother, Sophia Mary MacNab of Hamilton, Ontario, daughter of Sir Allan MacNab, who was prime minister of the Province of Canada before Confederation.[301] Sophia's son George Keppel and King Edward VII's mistress Alice Keppel were Camilla's maternal great-grandparents.[302]

Through Henry Cavendish, 2nd Duke of Newcastle, Camilla and Charles are ninth cousins once removed.[303]

In popular culture

 
Waxwork of Charles and Camilla at Madame Tussauds, London

Emerald Fennell and Olivia Williams have portrayed Camilla during various stages of her life on the Netflix series The Crown.[304][305] Fennell's performance in the 2020 fourth season earned her a nomination for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series.[306]

Bibliography

Books

  • Foreword to: Kotecha, Ameer (2022). The Platinum Jubilee Cookbook. Jon Croft Editions. ISBN 9780993354069.

Authored articles and letters

  • HRH The Duchess of Cornwall; Penny Mountbatten; Shane Williams (21 December 2019). . The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 21 December 2019.
  • HRH The Duchess of Cornwall (3 September 2020). "For many in Britain, the lockdown of domestic abuse isn't over. But there is help". The Guardian.
  • HRH The Duchess of Cornwall (19 December 2020). "A Christmas message from Her Royal Highness, The Duchess of Cornwall, to you". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 10 January 2022.
  • HRH The Duchess of Cornwall (November 2021). "No more violence against women". WI Life Magazine.
  • HRH The Duchess of Cornwall (February 2022). "Books need all the help they can get". Daily Mirror.

Guest-editor

  • "HRH The Duchess of Cornwall: Guest Editor". Country Life. 13 July 2022.

See also

Notes

  1. ^ a b The 14 other realms are Antigua and Barbuda, Australia, The Bahamas, Belize, Canada, Grenada, Jamaica, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, the Solomon Islands, and Tuvalu.
  1. ^ Charles and Camilla: Portrait of a Love Affair, by biographer Gyles Brandreth, depicts Charles and Camilla's relationship as controversial due to its longevity. The book shows, throughout, the media's interest in the couple and representation of them to the public.
  2. ^ Some sources report that she was born in Plumpton, but it seems that this is a confusion of her childhood home with her birthplace.
  3. ^ These organisations include the Poppy Factory,[176] Barnardo's,[177] St Catherine's School, Bramley,[178] Animal Care Trust,[179] The Society of Chiropodists and Podiatrists,[180] Battersea Dogs & Cats Home,[181] British Forces Broadcasting Service,[182] British Equestrian Federation,[179] Dundurn Castle,[179] New Queen's Hall Orchestra,[179] St John's Smith Square,[179] London Chamber Orchestra,[179] Elmhurst School for Dance (now Elmhurst Ballet School),[179] Trinity Hospice,[179] Georgian Theatre Royal,[179] Arthritis Research UK,[179] The Girls' Friendly Society,[179] Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre,[179] Royal National Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases,[179] Plumpton College Charitable Foundation,[179] Elephant Family (joint president with the King),[183] Friends of the Royal Academy of Arts,[184] Maggie's Cancer Caring Centres,[179] Cornwall Air Ambulance Trust,[179] Wiltshire Air Ambulance,[179] and the P. G. Wodehouse Society of the Netherlands.[185]

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  305. ^ Smith, Julia Llewellyn (12 June 2021). "Olivia Williams: My big royal comeback — now I'm playing Camilla in The Crown". The Times. from the original on 25 September 2022. Retrieved 8 March 2023.
  306. ^ Greene, Steve (13 July 2021). "2021 Emmy Nominations: Netflix and HBO Lead a Field of Surprises". Indiewire. from the original on 12 July 2021. Retrieved 25 December 2022.

Works cited

Further reading

External links

British royalty
Vacant
Title last held by
Philip of Greece and Denmark
as consort 		Queen consort of the United Kingdom
2022–present 		Incumbent
Orders of precedence in the United Kingdom
Preceded by Ladies
HM The Queen 		Followed by
The Princess of Wales
Academic offices
Preceded by Chancellor of the University of Aberdeen
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Honorary titles
Preceded by Colonel-in-Chief of The Rifles
2020–present 		Incumbent
Vacant
Title last held by
The Duke of York 		Colonel of the Grenadier Guards
2022–present

November 14, 2023
queen, camilla, other, uses, disambiguation, camilla, born, camilla, rosemary, shand, later, camilla, parker, bowles, july, 1947, queen, united, kingdom, other, commonwealth, realms, wife, king, charles, note, camillaformal, portrait, 2019queen, consort, unite. For other uses see Queen Camilla disambiguation Camilla born Camilla Rosemary Shand later Camilla Parker Bowles 17 July 1947 is Queen of the United Kingdom and the 14 other Commonwealth realms as the wife of King Charles III note 1 CamillaFormal portrait 2019Queen consort of the United Kingdomand other Commonwealth realms note 1 Tenure8 September 2022 presentCoronation6 May 2023BornCamilla Rosemary Shand 1947 07 17 17 July 1947 age 76 King s College Hospital London EnglandSpousesAndrew Parker Bowles m 1973 div 1995 wbr Charles III m 2005 wbr IssueTom Parker Bowles Laura LopesHouseWindsor by marriage FatherBruce ShandMotherRosalind CubittSignatureEducationQueen s Gate School University of London Institute in ParisCamilla was raised in East Sussex and South Kensington in England and educated in England Switzerland and France In 1973 she married British Army officer Andrew Parker Bowles they divorced in 1995 Camilla and Charles were romantically involved periodically both before and during each of their first marriages Their relationship was highly publicised in the media and attracted worldwide scrutiny a In 2005 Camilla married Charles in the Windsor Guildhall which was followed by a televised Anglican blessing at St George s Chapel in Windsor Castle From their marriage until her husband s accession she was known as the Duchess of Cornwall On 8 September 2022 Charles became king upon the death of his mother Queen Elizabeth II with Camilla as queen consort Charles and Camilla s coronation took place at Westminster Abbey on 6 May 2023 Camilla carries out public engagements representing the monarchy often alongside her husband She is also the patron the president or a member of numerous charities and organisations Since 1994 Camilla has campaigned to raise awareness of osteoporosis which has earned her several honours and awards She has also campaigned to raise awareness of issues such as rape sexual abuse illiteracy animal welfare and poverty Contents 1 Early life and education 2 Marriages and children 2 1 First marriage 2 2 Relationship with Charles 2 2 1 Image rehabilitation 2 3 Second marriage 3 Duchess of Cornwall 2005 2022 3 1 Foreign and domestic trips 4 Queen consort 2022 present 5 Charities and patronages 5 1 Patronages 5 1 1 Osteoporosis 5 1 2 Victims of rape and sexual abuse 5 1 3 Literacy 5 1 4 Other areas 6 Fashion and style 7 Titles styles honours and arms 7 1 Titles and styles 7 2 Honours 7 3 Arms 8 Ancestry 9 In popular culture 10 Bibliography 10 1 Books 10 2 Authored articles and letters 10 3 Guest editor 11 See also 12 Notes 13 References 13 1 Citations 13 2 Works cited 14 Further reading 15 External linksEarly life and educationCamilla Rosemary Shand was born at King s College Hospital London on 17 July 1947 1 b Her family split their time between their country house 18th century The Laines 2 in Plumpton East Sussex 3 and their London house in South Kensington 4 Her parents were British Army officer turned businessman Major Bruce Shand and his wife The Hon Rosalind Cubitt daughter of Roland Cubitt 3rd Baron Ashcombe Camilla has a younger sister Annabel Elliot and had a younger brother Mark Shand 5 One of her maternal great grandmothers Alice Keppel was a mistress of King Edward VII from 1898 to 1910 6 On 1 November 1947 Shand was baptised at St Peter s Church Firle East Sussex 7 Shand s mother was a charity worker 8 who during the 1960s and 1970s volunteered at the Chailey Heritage Foundation which helps young children with disabilities near their Sussex home Her father had various business interests after retiring from the army He was most notably a partner in Block Grey and Block a firm of wine merchants in South Audley Street Mayfair later joining Ellis Son and Vidler of Hastings and London 9 During her childhood Shand became an avid reader through the influence of her father who read to her frequently 10 She grew up with dogs and cats 11 and at a young age learnt how to ride by joining Pony Club camps going on to win rosettes at community gymkhanas 12 4 According to her childhood was perfect in every way 3 Biographer Gyles Brandreth describes her background and childhood Camilla is often described as having had an Enid Blyton sort of childhood In fact it was much grander than that Camilla as a little girl may have had some personality traits of George the tomboy girl among the Famous Five but Enid Blyton s children were essentially middle class children and the Shands without question belonged to the upper class The Shands had position and they had help help in the house help in the garden help with children They were gentry They opened their garden for the local Conservative Party Association summer fete Enough said 11 When she was five Shand was sent to Dumbrells a co educational school in Ditchling village 11 From the age of 10 she attended Queen s Gate School near her London home Her classmates at Queen s Gate knew her as Milla her fellow pupils included the singer Twinkle Lynn Ripley who described her as a girl of inner strength exuding magnetism and confidence 13 One of the teachers at the school the writer Penelope Fitzgerald who taught French remembered Shand as bright and lively Shand left Queen s Gate with one O level in 1964 her parents did not make her stay long enough for A levels 14 Aged 16 she attended the Mon Fertile finishing school in Tolochenaz Switzerland 15 After completing her course there she studied French and French literature at the University of London Institute in Paris for six months 16 17 18 On 25 March 1965 Shand was a debutante in London 19 one of 311 that year After moving from home she shared a small flat in Kensington with her friend Jane Wyndham niece of decorator Nancy Lancaster She later moved into a larger flat in Belgravia which she shared with her landlady Lady Moyra Campbell the daughter of the Duke of Abercorn and later with Virginia Carington daughter of the politician Peter Carington 6th Baron Carrington 20 Virginia later married Shand s uncle Henry Cubitt 1973 until 1979 21 and in 2005 became a special aide to Camilla and Charles 22 Shand worked as a secretary for a variety of firms in the West End and as a receptionist for the decorating firm Sibyl Colefax amp John Fowler in Mayfair 23 She was reportedly fired from the job after she came in late having been to a dance 24 Shand continued to ride and frequently attended equestrian activities 25 She also had a passion for painting which eventually led to her private tutoring with an artist although most of her work ended up in the bin 26 Other interests were fishing horticulture and gardening 27 28 Marriages and childrenFirst marriage In the late 1960s Shand met Andrew Parker Bowles then a Guards officer a lieutenant in the Blues and Royals 29 through his younger brother Simon who worked for her father s wine firm in Mayfair 30 After an on and off relationship for years Parker Bowles and Shand s engagement was announced in The Times in 1973 31 Sally Bedell Smith claimed that the announcement was sent out by the pair s parents without their knowledge which forced Parker Bowles to propose 32 They married on 4 July 1973 in a Roman Catholic ceremony at the Guards Chapel Wellington Barracks in London 33 Shand was 25 years old and Parker Bowles 33 Her wedding dress was designed by British fashion house Bellville Sassoon 33 and the bridesmaids included Parker Bowles s goddaughter Lady Emma Herbert 34 It was considered the society wedding of the year 35 with 800 guests 33 Royal guests present at the ceremony and reception included Queen Elizabeth II s daughter Anne the Queen s sister Margaret and Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother 35 nbsp Bolehyde Manor in Allington WiltshireThe couple made their home in Wiltshire purchasing Bolehyde Manor in Allington and later Middlewick House in Corsham 36 37 They had two children Tom born 18 December 1974 who is a godson of King Charles III 38 and Laura born 1 January 1978 39 Both children were brought up in their father s Roman Catholic faith particularly during the lifetime of their paternal grandmother Ann Parker Bowles Camilla remained an Anglican and did not convert to Roman Catholicism 40 Laura attended a Catholic girls school but married in an Anglican church Tom did not attend Ampleforth College as his father had but Eton and was married outside the Catholic Church Tom like his father is in remainder to the Earldom of Macclesfield 29 In December 1994 after 21 years of marriage the Parker Bowleses issued divorce proceedings on the grounds they had been living separately for years In July of that year Camilla s mother Rosalind had died from osteoporosis and her father later described this as a difficult time for her 41 Their petition was heard and granted in January 1995 at the High Court Family Division in London 42 The divorce was finalised on 3 March 1995 43 A year later Andrew married Rosemary Pitman who died in 2010 44 45 Relationship with Charles Camilla Shand reportedly met Prince Charles in mid 1971 46 Andrew Parker Bowles had ended his relationship with Shand in 1970 and was courting Princess Anne Charles s sister 47 Though Shand and Charles belonged to the same social circle and occasionally attended the same events they had not formally met Their biographer Brandreth states that they did not first meet at a polo match as has been commonly believed 48 49 Instead they first met at the home of their friend Lucia Santa Cruz who formally introduced them 25 50 They became close friends and eventually began a romantic relationship which was well known within their social circle 51 As a couple they regularly met at polo matches at Smith s Lawn in Windsor Great Park where Charles often played polo 52 They also became part of a set at Annabel s in Berkeley Square 46 As the relationship grew more serious Charles met Shand s family in Plumpton and he introduced her to some members of his family 53 The relationship was put on hold after Charles travelled overseas to join the Royal Navy in early 1973 and ended abruptly afterward 1 54 There have been different explanations for why the relationship ended Robert Lacey wrote in his 2008 book Royal Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II that Charles met Shand too early and he had not asked her to wait for him when he went overseas for military duties 55 Sarah Bradford wrote in her 2007 book Diana that a member of the close circle of his great uncle Lord Mountbatten claimed Mountbatten arranged for Charles to be taken overseas to end the relationship with Shand to make way for an engagement between Charles and his granddaughter Amanda Knatchbull 56 Some sources suggest Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother did not approve of Shand because she wanted Charles to marry one of the Spencer family granddaughters of her close friend Lady Fermoy 57 Other sources suggest Shand did not want to marry Charles but instead Andrew Parker Bowles having had an on and off relationship with him since the late 1960s 58 or that Charles had decided he would not marry until he was 30 59 The majority of royal biographers agree that Charles would not have been allowed to marry Shand had he sought permission to do so According to Charles s cousin and godmother Patricia Knatchbull 2nd Countess Mountbatten of Burma some palace courtiers at that time deemed Shand unsuitable as a prospective consort In 2005 she stated With hindsight you can say that Charles should have married Camilla when he first had the chance They were ideally suited we know that now But it wasn t possible 60 it wouldn t have been possible not then 61 Nevertheless they remained friends 62 63 In August 1979 Lord Mountbatten was assassinated by the Provisional Irish Republican Army Charles was grief stricken by his death and reportedly relied heavily on Camilla Parker Bowles for solace During this period rumours began circulating among close friends of the Parker Bowleses and in polo playing communities that Camilla and Charles had rekindled their intimate relationship 64 A source close to Parker Bowles confirmed that by 1980 they had indeed rekindled as lovers 65 There are also claims by royal staff that it occurred earlier 66 Parker Bowles s husband Andrew reportedly approved of the affair 67 while he had numerous lovers throughout their marriage 68 Nevertheless Charles soon began a relationship with Lady Diana Spencer whom he married in 1981 69 The affair became public knowledge in the press a decade later with the publication of Diana Her True Story in 1992 70 followed by the Camillagate also known as Tampongate 71 tape scandal in 1993 72 when an intimate telephone conversation between Parker Bowles and Charles was secretly recorded and the transcripts were published in the tabloid press 73 74 The book and tape immediately damaged Charles s public image 75 and the media vilified Parker Bowles 76 In 1994 Charles finally spoke about his relationship with Parker Bowles in Charles The Private Man the Public Role with Jonathan Dimbleby He told Dimbleby in the interview Mrs Parker Bowles is a great friend of mine a friend for a very long time She will continue to be a friend for a very long time 77 He later admitted in the interview that their relationship was rekindled after his marriage had irretrievably broken down in 1986 78 Image rehabilitation Following both of their divorces Prince Charles declared his relationship with Parker Bowles was non negotiable 79 Charles was aware that the relationship was receiving a lot of negative publicity and appointed Mark Bolland whom he had employed in 1995 to refurbish his own image to enhance Parker Bowles s public profile 80 Parker Bowles occasionally became Charles s unofficial companion at events In 1999 they made their first public appearance together at the Ritz London Hotel where they attended a birthday party for Camilla s sister Annabel Elliot about 200 photographers and reporters from around the world were there to witness them together 81 In 2000 she accompanied Charles to Scotland for a number of official engagements and in 2001 she became president of the Royal Osteoporosis Society ROS which introduced her to the public 82 Parker Bowles later met Queen Elizabeth II for the first time since the relationship was made public at the 60th birthday party of the former King Constantine II of Greece in 2000 This meeting was seen as an apparent seal of approval by the Queen on Parker Bowles s relationship with Prince Charles 83 84 After a series of appearances at public and private venues the Queen invited Parker Bowles to her Golden Jubilee celebrations in 2002 She sat in the royal box behind the Queen for one of the concerts at Buckingham Palace 85 Charles reportedly paid privately for two full time security staff for her protection 86 Although Parker Bowles maintained her residence Ray Mill House which she purchased in 1995 near Lacock in Wiltshire 87 she then moved into Clarence House Charles s household and official residence since 2003 88 In 2004 she accompanied Charles on almost all of his official events including a high profile visit together to the annual highland games in Scotland 89 The media speculated on when they would announce their engagement and as time went by polls conducted in the UK showed overall support for the marriage 90 Despite this image rehabilitation Parker Bowles received backlash from supporters of Diana who wrote to national newspapers to air their views especially after Parker Bowles and Charles s wedding plans were announced 91 This sentiment was later parodied by internet trolls on Facebook and TikTok through fake fanpages and accounts dedicated to Diana 92 In 2023 The Independent named Camilla the most influential woman of 2023 in its Influence List 2023 93 Second marriage Further information Wedding of Prince Charles and Camilla Parker Bowles and Wedding dress of Camilla Parker Bowles On 10 February 2005 Clarence House publicised the engagement of Camilla Parker Bowles and the Prince of Wales As an engagement ring Charles gave Parker Bowles a diamond ring believed to have been given to his grandmother The Queen Mother when she gave birth to Charles s mother 94 The ring comprised a square cut diamond with three diamond baguettes on each side 95 As the future supreme governor of the Church of England the prospect of Charles marrying a divorcee was seen as controversial but with the consent of the Queen 96 the government 97 and the Church of England the couple were able to wed The Queen Prime Minister Tony Blair and Archbishop of Canterbury Rowan Williams offered their best wishes in statements to the media 98 In the two months following the announcement of their engagement Clarence House received 25 000 letters with 95 or 99 per cent being supportive 908 hate mail letters were also received with the more threatening and personal ones sent to the police for investigation 99 The marriage was to have been on 8 April 2005 in a civil ceremony at Windsor Castle with a subsequent religious service of blessing 100 at St George s Chapel However to conduct a civil marriage at Windsor Castle would oblige the venue to obtain a licence for civil marriages which it did not have A condition of such a licence is that the licensed venue must be available for a period of one year to anyone wishing to be married there and as the royal family did not wish to make Windsor Castle available to the public for civil marriages the venue was changed to the town hall at Windsor Guildhall 101 On 4 April the marriage was delayed by one day to allow the Prince of Wales and some of the invited dignitaries to attend the funeral of Pope John Paul II 102 On 9 April 2005 the marriage ceremony was held The parents of Charles and Camilla did not attend 103 instead Camilla s son Tom and Charles s son Prince William acted as witnesses to the union 104 The Queen and the Duke of Edinburgh did attend the service of blessing Afterwards a reception was held by the Queen for the newlyweds at Windsor Castle 105 Performers included the St George s Chapel Choir the Philharmonia Orchestra and Welsh composer Alun Hoddinott 106 As a wedding gift The Marinsky Theatre Trust in St Petersburg brought a Belarusian mezzo soprano singer Ekaterina Semenchuk to the UK to perform a special song for the couple 107 Following the wedding the couple travelled to the Prince s country home in Scotland Birkhall 108 and carried out their first public duties together during their honeymoon 109 Duchess of Cornwall 2005 2022 nbsp In Brazil 2009After becoming Duchess of Cornwall Camilla automatically acquired rank as the second highest woman in the British order of precedence after Queen Elizabeth II and as typically fifth or sixth in the orders of precedence of her other realms following the Queen the relevant viceroy the Duke of Edinburgh and the Prince of Wales It was revealed that the Queen altered the royal order of precedence for private occasions placing the Duchess fourth after the Queen Princess Anne and Princess Alexandra 110 Within two years of the marriage the Queen extended Camilla visible tokens of membership in the royal family she lent Camilla the Greville Tiara which previously belonged to the Queen Mother 111 and granted her the badge of the Royal Family Order of Elizabeth II 112 After their wedding Clarence House the official residence of Prince Charles also became Camilla s official residence The couple also stay at Birkhall for holiday events and Highgrove House in Gloucestershire for family gatherings In 2008 they took up residence at Llwynywermod Wales where they stay on their visit to Wales every year in the summer and for other occasions 113 To spend time alone with her children and grandchildren Camilla still maintains her home Ray Mill House in which she resided from 1995 to 2003 114 nbsp With Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Charles in the 1902 State Landau 2012According to an undated statement from Clarence House Camilla used to be a smoker but has not smoked for many years 115 Though no details were publicly released it was confirmed in March 2007 that Camilla had undergone a hysterectomy 116 In April 2010 she fractured her left leg while hill walking in Scotland 117 In November 2010 Camilla and Charles were indirectly involved in student protests when their car was attacked by protesters 118 Clarence House later released a statement on the incident A car carrying Prince Charles and the Duchess of Cornwall was attacked by protesters but the couple were unharmed 119 In 2011 Camilla and Charles were named as individuals whose confidential information was reportedly targeted or actually acquired in conjunction with the news media phone hacking scandal 120 On 9 April 2012 the seventh wedding anniversary of the Duchess and the Prince of Wales the Queen appointed the Duchess to the Royal Victorian Order 121 In 2015 the Prince of Wales commissioned a pub to be named after the Duchess situated at Poundbury village The pub opened in 2016 and is named the Duchess of Cornwall Inn 122 On 9 June 2016 the Queen appointed the Duchess as a member of the British Privy Council 123 On 1 January 2022 she made Camilla a Royal Lady of the Most Noble Order of the Garter 124 On 14 February 2022 Camilla tested positive for COVID 19 four days after her husband had also contracted it and began self isolating 125 She and her husband received their first doses of a COVID 19 vaccine in February 2021 126 Camilla completed 3 886 engagements between 2005 and 2022 127 Foreign and domestic trips nbsp Prince Charles and Camilla with President George W Bush and First Lady Laura Bush at the White House November 2005Camilla s first solo engagement as Duchess of Cornwall was a visit to Southampton General Hospital 128 she attended the Trooping the Colour for the first time in June 2005 making her appearance on the balcony of Buckingham Palace afterwards The Duchess made her inaugural overseas tour in November 2005 129 when she visited the United States 129 and met President George W Bush and First Lady Laura Bush at the White House 130 Afterward Camilla and Charles visited New Orleans to see the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina and met some of the residents whose lives were changed drastically by the hurricane 131 In March 2006 the couple visited Egypt Saudi Arabia and India 132 In 2007 Camilla conducted the naming ceremonies for HMS Astute and the new Cunard cruise ship MS Queen Victoria 133 In November 2007 she toured with the Prince of Wales on a four day visit to Turkey 134 In 2008 she and the Prince of Wales toured the Caribbean Japan Brunei and Indonesia 135 In 2009 they toured Chile Brazil Ecuador 136 Italy and Germany Their visit to the Holy See in Italy included a meeting with Pope Benedict XVI 137 They later visited Canada In early 2010 they visited Hungary the Czech Republic and Poland 138 Camilla was unable to carry out her engagements on their tour of Eastern Europe after developing a trapped nerve in her back 117 In October 2010 she accompanied the Prince of Wales to Delhi India for the opening of the 2010 Commonwealth Games 139 nbsp At the official opening of the Fourth Assembly at the Senedd in Cardiff Wales 7 June 2011In March 2011 Camilla and Charles visited Portugal Spain and Morocco 140 visiting the heads of state of each country 141 In June 2011 the Duchess alone represented the British royal family at the 125th Wimbledon Tennis Championships 142 In August 2011 she accompanied the Prince of Wales to Tottenham to visit the aftermath of the London riots 143 The couple later went to visit with Tottenham residents in February 2012 meeting with local shop owners six months after the riots to see how they were doing 144 In London on 11 September 2011 the Duchess attended the 10th anniversary memorial service of the 9 11 attacks along with Prime Minister David Cameron and the Prince of Wales 145 In November 2011 Camilla travelled with Charles to tour the Commonwealth and Arab States of the Persian Gulf They toured South Africa and Tanzania and met with those countries respective presidents Jacob Zuma and Jakaya Kikwete 146 In March 2012 the Duchess and the Prince of Wales visited Norway Sweden and Denmark to mark the Queen s Diamond Jubilee 147 In May 2012 the couple undertook a four day trip to Canada as part of the jubilee celebrations 148 In November 2012 they visited Australia New Zealand and Papua New Guinea for a two week jubilee tour 149 During the Australian tour they attended the 2012 Melbourne Cup where the Duchess presented the Melbourne cup to the winner of the race 150 In 2013 the couple went on a tour to Jordan meeting with King Abdullah II and Queen Rania They visited Syrian refugee camps of the civil war 151 Camilla attended the State Opening of Parliament for the first time in May 2013 152 and the same month she travelled to Paris on her first solo trip outside the UK 17 That same year she and Charles attended the inauguration of Willem Alexander King of the Netherlands as well as the preceding celebrations in honour of the departing Queen Beatrix 153 nbsp Camilla June 2022In June 2014 Camilla and Charles attended the 70th anniversary commemorations of D Day in Normandy France 154 and in November of that year they embarked on a nine day tour to Mexico and Colombia 155 In May 2015 they visited Northern Ireland and undertook their first joint trip to the Republic of Ireland 156 In April 2018 the couple toured Australia and attended the opening of the 2018 Commonwealth Games 157 They also toured the West African countries of The Gambia Ghana and Nigeria in November 2018 158 In March 2019 the Prince of Wales and the Duchess of Cornwall went on an official tour to Cuba making them the first British royalty to visit the country the tour was part of offers to strengthen UK Cuban ties 159 In March 2021 the couple went on their first official foreign visit since the start of the COVID 19 pandemic and visited Greece at the invitation of the Greek government to celebrate the bicentennial of Greek independence 160 In March 2022 they visited the Republic of Ireland to commemorate the Queen s Platinum Jubilee 161 In May 2022 the couple undertook a three day trip to Canada as part of the Jubilee celebrations 162 Queen consort 2022 present nbsp On her coronation day 2023Camilla became queen consort on 8 September 2022 upon her husband s accession as Charles III following the death of Elizabeth II 163 On 10 September 2022 she attended the Accession Council where Charles was formally proclaimed king and she served as a witness together with her stepson Prince William 164 Following the accession Camilla announced that she was replacing the traditional role of lady in waiting with a new role of queen s companion which would be a more occasional and less formal role assisting her at official engagements but not in replying to letters or day to day planning 165 On 13 February 2023 Buckingham Palace announced that Camilla had tested positive for COVID 19 which forced her to postpone a number of public engagements 166 On 29 March 2023 she accompanied Charles for a state visit to Germany which was his first foreign visit as monarch 167 Camilla was crowned alongside her husband on 6 May 2023 at Westminster Abbey in London 168 On 16 June 2023 Buckingham Palace announced that the King appointed the Queen to the Most Ancient and Most Noble Order of the Thistle 169 On 5 July 2023 she accompanied the King to a national service of thanksgiving at St Giles Cathedral where the Honours of Scotland were presented to him 170 In the same month it was announced that unlike the previous monarch s consort Prince Philip Camilla would not receive a Parliamentary annuity and her activities would be funded through the Sovereign Grant instead 171 In September and October 2023 the King and Queen undertook state visits to France and Kenya 172 173 and in November Camilla appeared at the king s side at his first State Opening of Parliament as Sovereign 174 Charities and patronagesPatronages Camilla is the patron or president of over 100 charities and organisations 175 c Camilla is the honorary commodore in chief of the Royal Navy Medical Service In this role she visited the training ship HMS Excellent in January 2012 to award medals to naval medical teams returning from service in Afghanistan 186 She is also an honorary member of other patronages and in February 2012 she was elected a bencher of Gray s Inn 187 In February 2013 she was appointed Chancellor of the University of Aberdeen a role which is ceremonial and involves conferring graduates with their degrees 188 and took up the office in June 2013 She is the first female chancellor of the University of Aberdeen and the only member of the royal family to hold the post since it was created in 1860 189 nbsp At Barn Croft Primary School for a Commonwealth Big Lunch event 2018 Camilla has been the initiative s patron since 2013 190 In 2015 Camilla s presidency of the Women of the World Festival an annual festival that celebrates the achievements of women and girls as well as looking at the obstacles they face across the world notably domestic violence 191 was announced 192 In 2018 and 2020 she became the vice patron of the Royal Commonwealth Society and the Royal Academy of Dance respectively of which Queen Elizabeth II was a patron 193 In March 2022 as President of the Royal Voluntary Service Camilla launched the organisation s Platinum Champions Awards to honour 70 volunteers nominated by the public for their efforts in improving lives in their communities 194 In the same month she was made patron of London s National Theatre by Queen Elizabeth II a role previously held by her stepdaughter in law Meghan Duchess of Sussex 195 Osteoporosis In 1994 Camilla became a member of the National Osteoporosis Society after her mother died painfully from the disease that year Her maternal grandmother also died from the disease in 1986 She became patron of the charity in 1997 and was appointed president in 2001 in a highly publicised event accompanied by the Prince of Wales 196 In 2002 she launched a mini book A Skeleton Guide to a Healthy You Vitamins and Minerals which aims to help women protect themselves from the disease 197 The following month she attended the Roundtable of International Women Leaders to Examine Barriers to Reimbursement for Diagnosis and Treatment of Osteoporosis conference along with 13 eminent women from around the world The event was organised by the International Osteoporosis Foundation and hosted by Queen Rania of Jordan and during it she made her first public speech The international conference which took place in Lisbon Portugal brought together worldwide public figures to focus on osteoporosis treatment and called for government assistance around the world 198 In 2004 she attended another conference in Dublin organised by the Irish Osteoporosis Society and the following year visited the National Institutes of Health in Maryland U S to give a presentation on osteoporosis to high profile health figures 199 nbsp NIH director Elias Zerhouni welcomes Charles and Camilla to the NIH for a discussion on osteoporosis with Surgeon General Richard Carmona and other health officials November 2005In 2006 Camilla launched the Big Bone walk campaign leading 90 children and people with osteoporosis for a 10 mile walk and climb around Loch Muick at the Balmoral Estate in Scotland to raise money for the charity 200 The campaign raised 200 000 and continues almost every year as one of the fundraisers for the charity 201 In 2011 she appeared in the BBC Radio drama The Archers playing herself 202 to raise the profile of the disease and in 2013 teamed up with the television series Strictly Come Dancing to raise funds for the National Osteoporosis Society 203 By 2006 she had spoken at more than 60 functions on the disease in the UK and around the world and had also opened bone scanning units and osteoporosis centres to help people with the disease 196 Almost every year Camilla attends and partakes in World Osteoporosis Day by attending events around the UK on 20 October 204 She continues to attend conferences around the world and meets with health experts to further discuss the disease 205 For her work on raising awareness of osteoporosis around the world Camilla was honoured with an Ethel LeFrak award in 2005 from an American charity 206 and received the Kohn Foundation Award in 2007 from the National Osteoporosis Society 207 In July 2007 the Duchess opened the Duchess of Cornwall Centre for Osteoporosis at the Royal Cornwall Hospital Truro 208 The same year King s College London awarded her an honorary fellowship for raising the profile of osteoporosis 209 In 2009 the National Osteoporosis Society created The Duchess of Cornwall Award which recognises achievements in the field of osteoporosis 210 In 2016 she received an honorary doctorate from the University of Southampton in recognition of her efforts in raising awareness about osteoporosis 211 In 2019 the National Osteoporosis Society was renamed as the Royal Osteoporosis Society 212 Victims of rape and sexual abuse After visiting nine rape crisis centres in 2009 and hearing accounts from survivors Camilla began raising awareness and advocating ways to help victims of rape and sexual abuse to overcome and move past their trauma 213 She often speaks to victims at a rape crisis centre in Croydon and visits other centres to meet staff and victims around the UK and during overseas tours 214 215 In 2010 alongside the mayor of London Boris Johnson she opened a centre in Ealing West London for rape victims The centre later expanded to other areas including Hillingdon Fulham Hounslow and Hammersmith 216 In 2011 the Duchess opened the Oakwood Place Essex Sexual Assault Referral Centre at Brentwood Community Hospital in Essex 217 Camilla is patron of the Wiltshire Bobby Van Trust 218 which provides home security for victims of crime and domestic abuse and of SafeLives a charity that campaigns against domestic abuse and violence 219 In 2013 Camilla held a meeting at Clarence House which brought together rape victims and rape support groups Director of Public Prosecutions and future Labour Party leader Keir Starmer and Home Secretary Theresa May were guests at the occasion At the occasion she introduced a plan to help the victims about 750 wash bags created by her Clarence House staff and packed with luxury toiletries were distributed to victims at the centres The Duchess thought of the gesture after she visited a centre in Derbyshire and asked victims what they would like to help them feel at ease after the trauma and forensic examinations According to Clarence House the event was the first meeting of high profile figures to focus exclusively on rape and sexual abuse subjects 215 220 The same year the Duchess travelled to Northern Ireland and opened The Rowan a sexual assault and referral centre at Antrim Area Hospital 221 which was the first centre to provide help and comfort to rape and sexual abuse victims in Northern Ireland 222 In March 2016 during a tour to the Western Balkans with her husband the Duchess visited UNICEF programmes in Montenegro and while there she discussed child sexual abuse and was shown an exclusive preview of a new app designed to protect children from online sexual abuse 223 The following year the Duchess partnered with retail and pharmacy chain Boots to create a line of wash bags which will be given to sexual assault referral centres around the UK 224 In May 2020 Camilla supported SafeLives s Reach In campaign which encourages people to look out for people around them that might be suffering from domestic violence 225 In July 2020 she guest edited The Emma Barnett Show on BBC Radio 5 Live which featured conversations on domestic violence 226 In September 2021 Camilla was named as patron of the Mirabel Centre Nigeria s first sexual assault referral centre 227 In October 2021 the Duchess gave a speech at the launch of Shameless a project endorsed by the Women of the World Foundation and Birkbeck University of London looking to educate people on sexual violence She expressed her shock at the murder of Sarah Everard and urged both men and women to break down the culture of silence surrounding sexual assault 228 In February 2022 Camilla with former British prime minister Theresa May supported a campaign initiated by the NHS England to encourage survivors of sexual and domestic abuse to come forward for help 229 The campaign also highlighted the support offered at sexual assault referral centres SARCs in England 229 The campaign was released on the first day of Sexual Abuse and Sexual Violence Awareness Week 229 She also visited the Haven Paddington a sexual assault referral centre in West London and Thames Valley Partnership a charity for domestic abuse survivors in Aylesbury 230 In November 2022 Camilla hosted her first reception at Buckingham Palace after becoming Queen to raise awareness of violence against women and girls during the U N s annual 16 Days of Activism against Gender Based Violence campaign joined by Sophie Countess of Wessex Queen Rania of Jordan Queen Mathilde of Belgium Crown Princess Mary of Denmark and First Lady of Ukraine Olena Zelenska 231 Literacy nbsp With Peter McLaughlin headmaster of The Doon School which she visited in November 2013 on her India tour 232 Being an avid reader Camilla is an advocate for literacy She is the patron of the National Literacy Trust and other literacy charities She often visits schools libraries and children s organisations to read to young children Additionally she partakes in literacy celebrations including International Literacy Day and World Book Day 233 In 2011 she attended the Hay Festival to support children s literacy and while there she donated books to the Oxfam bookshops 234 In the same year she donated money to support the Evening Standard s literacy campaign 235 and replaced the Duke of Edinburgh as patron of BookTrust 236 Camilla has also launched and continues to launch campaigns and programmes to promote literacy 237 On spreading literacy Camilla stated in 2013 during a speech at an event for the National Literacy Trust that I firmly believe in the importance of igniting a passion for reading in the next generation I was lucky enough to have a father who was a fervent bibliophile and a brilliant storyteller too In a world where the written word competes with so many other calls on our attention we need more Literacy Heroes to keep inspiring young people to find the pleasure and power of reading for themselves 238 Camilla has been patron of the Queen s Commonwealth Essay Competition since 2014 The initiative which is run by the Royal Commonwealth Society asks young writers from across the Commonwealth to write essays on a specified theme with the Duchess launching the competition annually 239 Since 2015 Camilla has been involved with 500 Words a competition launched by BBC Radio 2 for children to write and share their stories 240 and was announced as the competition s honorary judge in 2018 241 Since 2019 Camilla has supported Gyles Brandreth s initiative Poetry Together which aims to bring younger and older generations together through poetry recitation 242 In January 2021 she launched the Duchess of Cornwall s Reading Room online club for readers writers and literary communities to connect and share their interests and projects 243 In October 2021 she was announced as patron of Silver Stories a charity that links young people to the elderly by encouraging them to read stories over telephone 244 In January 2022 she joined members of the Reading Room initiative to promote planting books in phonebox libraries around the UK 245 In May 2022 she became patron of Book Aid International a role previously held by Prince Philip from 1966 until his death in 2021 246 In July 2022 and ahead of her 75th birthday Camilla launched her Birthday Books Project with the aim of providing wellbeing and happiness themed mini libraries at 75 primary schools from disadvantaged areas in the UK 247 In February 2023 the Reading Room initiative was relaunched as a charity under the name the Queen s Reading Room 248 The inaugural Queen s Reading Room Festival was held at Hampton Court Palace on 11 June with Judi Dench Richard E Grant Robert Harris Kate Mosse and other celebrities as guests The festival is expected to become an annual event 249 250 In May 2023 as patron of the National Literary Trust Camilla opened the first Coronation library at Shirehampton Primary School in Bristol and 50 Coronation libraries will be created for children in communities with low levels of literacy across the UK in 2023 and 2024 251 In September 2023 Queen Camilla and Brigitte Macron launched a new UK France literary prize the Entente Litteraire Prize at the Bibliotheque nationale de France BnF in Paris The Entente Litteraire Prize will recognise Young Adult YA Fiction and allow UK and French citizens to share joint literary experiences reinforcing cultural ties whilst celebrating the joys of reading 252 253 Other areas Camilla is a supporter of animal welfare and patron of many animal welfare charities including Battersea Dogs amp Cats Home and president of Brooke Hospital for Animals 254 She often visits other animal shelters to show her support and to see how the animals are cared for In 2011 she adopted a rescue puppy a Jack Russell Terrier named Beth from Battersea Dogs and Cats Home 255 and in 2012 adopted another named Bluebell from the shelter 256 Also in 2012 she opened two veterinary facilities at the University of Bristol s School of Veterinary Sciences at Langford in Somerset which provide treatment for sick animals 257 In 2015 Camilla worked with department store Fortnum amp Mason to sell 250 jars of honey produced by bees in her private garden in Wiltshire the jars priced at 20 sold out in two weeks 258 and the proceeds were donated to the Medical Detection Dogs charity of which she is a patron 259 Since then Camilla sends a limited edition of honey every year to Fortnum amp Mason with proceeds donated to her other charities 260 Camilla supports organisations around the world working to combat poverty and homelessness She is the patron of Emmaus UK and in 2013 during her solo trip to Paris she went to see the work done by the charity in that city Every year around Christmas she visits Emmaus communities across the UK 17 In a similar vein she is a staunch supporter of credit unions 261 which she states are a real force for change in the financial landscape serve the people not profit and provide a friendly financial community where members mutually benefit from advice as well as savings accounts and loans 262 Camilla annually hosts disabled and terminally ill children from her patronages Helen amp Douglas House and Roald Dahl s Marvellous Children s Charity for lunch at Clarence House where they also decorate the Christmas tree 263 She also supports healthy eating anti FGM 264 arts and heritage related organisations and programmes 179 In March 2022 and amid the Russian invasion of Ukraine Camilla made a substantial donation to the Daily Mail s refugee campaign 265 In February 2023 she and Charles donated to the Disasters Emergency Committee DEC which was helping victims of the 2023 Turkey Syria earthquake 266 Fashion and styleCamilla topped Richard Blackwell s list of Ten Worst Dressed Women in 1994 and her name appeared on it again in 1995 2001 and 2006 267 In the years after her marriage Camilla has developed her own style and tried outfits and ensembles by notable fashion designers 268 269 She is said to prefer signature tea and shirt dress styles and favours tones of nude white and navy and round necklines 268 She has also been praised for her jewellery collections 268 In 2018 Tatler named her on its list of Britain s best dressed people praising her for her hat choices which have given millinery a good name 270 Charles and Camilla topped Tatler s Social Power Index for 2022 and 2023 271 In 2022 Camilla took part in her first solo magazine shoot for British Vogue appearing in the July 2022 issue 272 The shoot took place at Clarence House and the outfits were chosen from her own wardrobe 272 In 2023 Camilla was named one among British Vogue s The Vogue 25 which annually celebrates influential women pushing British society forwards 273 Titles styles honours and armsMain article List of titles and honours of Queen Camilla Titles and styles nbsp nbsp Camilla s royal cyphers as queen left 274 and Duchess of Cornwall right Upon marrying Charles Camilla was styled Her Royal Highness The Duchess of Cornwall In Scotland she was known as Her Royal Highness The Duchess of Rothesay 275 Legally Camilla was Princess of Wales but adopted the feminine form of her husband s highest ranking subsidiary title Duke of Cornwall in a concession to the low public opinion of her 276 In 2021 upon the death of Prince Philip Duke of Edinburgh Charles inherited his father s titles 277 and Camilla thus became also formally Duchess of Edinburgh until September 2022 278 Clarence House stated on the occasion of Charles and Camilla s wedding in 2005 that upon his accession she intended to be known as princess consort rather than as queen 279 Like the initial title of duchess this promise reflected public disapproval 163 There is no legal or historical precedent for such a title however and Camilla was to be queen under common law anyway 280 The rising public acceptance of Camilla allowed the 2005 announcement to be quietly shelved 163 In her 2022 Accession Day message Elizabeth II stated that it was her sincere wish for Camilla to be known as queen consort upon Charles s accession to the throne 281 Camilla duly became queen consort upon Charles s accession on 8 September 2022 She was initially styled as Her Majesty The Queen Consort to distinguish her from the recently deceased Queen Elizabeth II 282 283 Since her coronation on 6 May 2023 she has been styled Her Majesty The Queen consistent with past queens 284 Honours Camilla is a Royal Lady of the Most Noble Order of the Garter 285 Extra Lady of the Most Ancient and Most Noble Order of the Thistle 286 Dame Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order 287 recipient of the Royal Family Order of Queen Elizabeth II 288 and a member of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom 289 Arms Coat of arms of Queen Camilla nbsp Notes On Camilla s 58th birthday in 2005 Clarence House announced that she had been granted by Queen Elizabeth II a coat of arms for her own personal use It was reported that Queen Elizabeth II Charles and Camilla all took a keen interest in the arms creation and they were prepared by Peter Gwynn Jones Garter Principal King of Arms 290 291 A new grant of arms was made in 2023 after her husband s accession 292 Camilla s coat of arms impale the coat of arms of her husband to the dexter with her father s own coat of arms to the sinister 292 Adopted 21 February 2023 first granted 14 July 2005 292 Coronet Tudor Crown 292 Escutcheon Within the Garter Our Royal Arms Quarterly I and IV Gules three lions passant guardant in pale Or langued and armed Azure II Or a lion rampant Gules armed and langued Azure within a double tressure flory counter flory Gules III Azure a harp Or stringed Argent impaling the Arms of Shand Azure a Boar s Head erased behind the ears Argent armed and langued Or on a Chief engrailed Argent between two Mullets Gules a Cross crosslet fitchy Sable surmounted by Our Crown 291 292 Supporters To the dexter A Lion Guardant Or Crowned proper and to the sinister A Boar Azure armed and unguled Or langued Gules and gorged with a Coronet composed of Crosses formy and Fleurs de lys attached thereto a Chain reflexed over the back and ending in a Ring all Or 292 Orders The ribbon of the Order of the Garter 292 Honi soit qui mal y pense Shame be to him who thinks evil of it Banner nbsp A banner of Camilla s arms combined with the Royal Standard Symbolism The arms contain symbolism from Camilla s paternal arms those of the Shands of Craig from Aberdeenshire The boar s head might indicate a connection to the prominent Gordon family of Aberdeenshire whose arms also contain a boar s head The mullets stars probably stem from marriage alliances with families that used mullets in their arms potentially the Aberdeenshire family of Blackhall or the family of Reid of Pitfoddells 293 The cross is used to difference the family arms and is specific to Camilla s father Major Bruce Shand Camilla s blue boar supporter echoes Major Shand s crest a boar statant Azure armed and langued Gules his dexter forefoot resting on a mullet Gules 294 Previous versions nbsp nbsp nbsp Initial versions of her arms as Duchess of Cornwall were depicted without the Order of the Garter to which she was appointed in 2022 Between 2012 and 2022 her arms featured the Royal Victorian Order circlet with the insignia of GCVO appended 295 AncestryCamilla s ancestry is predominantly English She also has Dutch Scottish Colonial American French and French Canadian ancestors 296 Camilla is descended from Dutch emigrant Arnold Joost van Keppel who was created Earl of Albemarle by King William III in 1696 297 Through Anne van Keppel Countess of Albemarle and a granddaughter of King Charles II Camilla s bloodline is descended from the Houses of Stuart and Bourbon 296 298 Camilla s Scottish lineage descends from King Robert III through his daughter Mary who was the mother of Sir William Edmonstone of Duntreath an ancestor of her maternal great great grandfather Sir William Edmonstone 4th Baronet 299 Her paternal ancestors an upper class family emigrated to England from Scotland 300 Camilla s French lineage derives partially through her maternal great great grandmother Sophia Mary MacNab of Hamilton Ontario daughter of Sir Allan MacNab who was prime minister of the Province of Canada before Confederation 301 Sophia s son George Keppel and King Edward VII s mistress Alice Keppel were Camilla s maternal great grandparents 302 Through Henry Cavendish 2nd Duke of Newcastle Camilla and Charles are ninth cousins once removed 303 In popular culture nbsp Waxwork of Charles and Camilla at Madame Tussauds LondonEmerald Fennell and Olivia Williams have portrayed Camilla during various stages of her life on the Netflix series The Crown 304 305 Fennell s performance in the 2020 fourth season earned her a nomination for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series 306 BibliographyBooks Foreword to Kotecha Ameer 2022 The Platinum Jubilee Cookbook Jon Croft Editions ISBN 9780993354069 Authored articles and letters HRH The Duchess of Cornwall Penny Mountbatten Shane Williams 21 December 2019 Why I support The Silver Line The Telegraph Archived from the original on 21 December 2019 HRH The Duchess of Cornwall 3 September 2020 For many in Britain the lockdown of domestic abuse isn t over But there is help The Guardian HRH The Duchess of Cornwall 19 December 2020 A Christmas message from Her Royal Highness The Duchess of Cornwall to you The Telegraph Archived from the original on 10 January 2022 HRH The Duchess of Cornwall November 2021 No more violence against women WI Life Magazine HRH The Duchess of Cornwall February 2022 Books need all the help they can get Daily Mirror Guest editor HRH The Duchess of Cornwall Guest Editor Country Life 13 July 2022 See alsoList of current consorts of sovereignsNotes a b The 14 other realms are Antigua and Barbuda Australia The Bahamas Belize Canada Grenada Jamaica New Zealand Papua New Guinea Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Lucia Saint Vincent and the Grenadines the Solomon Islands and Tuvalu Charles and Camilla Portrait of a Love Affair by biographer Gyles Brandreth depicts Charles and Camilla s relationship as controversial due to its longevity The book shows throughout the media s interest in the couple and representation of them to the public Some sources report that she was born in Plumpton but it seems that this is a confusion of her childhood home with her birthplace These organisations include the Poppy Factory 176 Barnardo s 177 St Catherine s School Bramley 178 Animal Care Trust 179 The Society of Chiropodists and Podiatrists 180 Battersea Dogs amp Cats Home 181 British Forces Broadcasting Service 182 British Equestrian Federation 179 Dundurn Castle 179 New Queen s Hall Orchestra 179 St John s Smith Square 179 London Chamber Orchestra 179 Elmhurst School for Dance now Elmhurst Ballet School 179 Trinity Hospice 179 Georgian Theatre Royal 179 Arthritis Research UK 179 The Girls Friendly Society 179 Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre 179 Royal National Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases 179 Plumpton College Charitable Foundation 179 Elephant Family joint president with the King 183 Friends of the 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Throne Gallery Books ISBN 978 1 476 74396 7 Brandreth Gyles 2007 Charles and Camilla Portrait of a Love Affair Random House ISBN 978 0 09 949087 6 Dimbleby Jonathan 1994 The Prince of Wales A Biography William Morrow and Company ISBN 978 0 68 812996 5 Graham Caroline 2005 Camilla and Charles The Love Story John Blake ISBN 978 1 84454 195 9 Junor Penny 1998 Charles Victim or Villain HarperCollins ISBN 978 0 00 255900 3 2017 The Duchess The Untold Story William Collins ISBN 9780008211004 Kelley Kitty 1997 The Royals Hachette Digital Inc ISBN 978 0 446 51712 6 Lacey Robert 2008 Monarch The Life and Reign of Elizabeth II Free Press ISBN 978 1 4391 0839 0 Mayer Catherine 2015 Born to Be King Prince Charles on Planet Windsor Henry Holt and Co ISBN 978 1 62779 438 1 Wilson Christopher 2003 The Windsor Knot Citadel ISBN 978 0 80 652386 6 Further readingTyrrel Rebecca 2003 Camilla An Intimate Portrait Short Books ISBN 978 1 90 409553 8 External linksQueen Camilla at Wikipedia s sister projects nbsp Media from Commons nbsp Quotations from Wikiquote nbsp Data from Wikidata The Queen at the official website of the Royal Family The Queen Consort at the website of the Government of Canada Portraits of Camilla Queen Consort at the National Portrait Gallery London nbsp Queen Camilla at IMDb Appearances on C SPAN The Queen s Reading RoomBritish royaltyVacantTitle last held byPhilip of Greece and Denmarkas consort Queen consort of the United Kingdom2022 present IncumbentOrders of precedence in the United KingdomPreceded byThe Sovereign LadiesHM The Queen Followed byThe Princess of WalesAcademic officesPreceded byThe Lord Wilson of Tillyorn Chancellor of the University of Aberdeen2013 present IncumbentHonorary titlesPreceded byThe Duke of Edinburgh Colonel in Chief of The Rifles2020 present IncumbentVacantTitle last held byThe Duke of York Colonel of the Grenadier Guards2022 present Portals nbsp Monarchy nbsp Royalty nbsp United Kingdom nbsp England nbsp London nbsp Scotland nbsp Wales nbsp Northern Ireland nbsp Australia nbsp Belize nbsp Canada nbsp Jamaica nbsp New Zealand nbsp Tuvalu Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Queen Camilla amp oldid 1184632997, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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