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Death and state funeral of Elizabeth II

April 17, 2023

On 8 September 2022, at 15:10 BST, Elizabeth II, Queen of the United Kingdom and the other Commonwealth realms, and the longest-reigning British monarch, died at Balmoral Castle in Aberdeenshire, Scotland, at the age of 96. The Queen's death was publicly announced at 18:30. She was succeeded by her eldest son, Charles III.

Death and state funeral of Elizabeth II
Top to bottom, left to right:
  1. Crowds at Buckingham Palace following the death of Elizabeth II
  2. Floral tributes left outside the Sandringham Estate
  3. Images of the Queen flanking an escalator at Tottenham Court Road station
  4. The procession leaving Westminster Abbey after the state funeral
  5. Notice of the Queen's death posted at Holyrood Palace
  6. Elizabeth II lying in state at Westminster Hall
Date
  • 8 September 2022; 7 months ago (2022-09-08), at 15:10 (BST) (death)
  • 12 September 2022 (2022-09-12) (thanksgiving service)
  • 19 September 2022 (2022-09-19) (state funeral and interment)
Location
Coordinates57°2′27″N 3°13′48″W / 57.04083°N 3.23000°W / 57.04083; -3.23000
ParticipantsSee list of state funeral dignitaries

The death of the Queen set in motion Operation London Bridge, a collection of plans including arrangements for her state funeral, and supported by Operation Unicorn, which set protocols for her death occurring in Scotland. The United Kingdom observed a national mourning period of ten days. The Queen's lying in state took place in Westminster Hall from 14 to 19 September, during which time an estimated 250,000 people queued to pay their respects.

The Queen's state funeral on 19 September was the first held in Britain since that of Winston Churchill in 1965. A funeral service was held at Westminster Abbey, followed by a procession to Wellington Arch that featured around 3,000 military personnel and was watched by around a million people in central London. The state hearse then transported the Queen's coffin to Windsor, followed by another procession through Windsor Great Park and a committal service at St George's Chapel at Windsor Castle. The Queen was interred with her husband Philip in the King George VI Memorial Chapel later that evening, in a private service attended only by her closest family.

The occasion of the Queen's state funeral was a public holiday in the UK and several Commonwealth states. The state funeral was one of the United Kingdom's most watched special television broadcasts, surpassing the wedding of Prince William and Catherine Middleton, the previous most watched royal event of the 21st century.

Background

The Queen was in good health for most of her life; her health, however, declined after the death of her husband, Prince Philip, on 9 April 2021.[1] She began to use a walking stick for public engagements in October 2021.[2] On 20 October, the Queen stayed overnight in King Edward VII's Hospital in central London, necessitating the cancellation of scheduled visits to Northern Ireland and the COP26 summit in Glasgow. She suffered a sprained back in November, which prevented her from attending the 2021 National Service of Remembrance.[3][4][5][6]

In February 2022, during the COVID-19 pandemic in England, the Queen was one of several people at Windsor Castle to test positive for COVID-19.[7][8] Her symptoms were described as mild and cold-like, and she later commented that the disease "does leave one very tired and exhausted".[9][10] The monarch's health became a cause of concern to commentators at this time.[11][12]

The Queen was said to be feeling well enough to resume her official duties by 1 March 2022 and attended the service of thanksgiving for Prince Philip at Westminster Abbey on 29 March.[13][14] Despite this, the Queen did not attend several appointments over the following months, including the annual Commonwealth Day service in March, the Royal Maundy service in April, the State Opening of Parliament in May, and the National Service of Thanksgiving for her Platinum Jubilee in June.[15][16][17][18] During the Jubilee the Queen also suffered "discomfort" after standing during Trooping the Colour and was largely confined to balcony appearances during the celebrations.[19] According to her Apothecary in Scotland, Dr Douglas Glass, there had been private concerns about her health for several months before her death; he was quoted in a later biography as saying "It was expected and we were quite aware of what was going to happen."[20]

Two days before her death, on 6 September 2022, the Queen accepted the resignation of Boris Johnson and appointed Liz Truss to succeed him as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom; these meetings took place at Balmoral Castle, rather than their usual location, Buckingham Palace.[21] On 7 September, the Queen was scheduled to attend an online meeting of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom to swear in new ministers in Truss's government, but this was cancelled after she was advised by doctors to rest.[22] The Queen's final public statement, issued that same day, was a message of condolences for the victims of a mass stabbing incident in Saskatchewan, Canada.[23]

Death and national mourning

Death and announcement

 
Death certificate issued for Elizabeth II

The Queen died at 15:10 BST on 8 September 2022 at the age of 96, ending her 70-year reign. According to her death certificate, which was made public on 29 September, she died of old age.[1] Her death was publicly announced at 18:30.[24][25] Elizabeth II was the first monarch to die in Scotland since James V of Scotland in 1542.[26][27]

Members of the royal family travelled to Balmoral Castle throughout the day. Prince Charles arrived at 10:30 and was met by Princess Anne, who was already staying with the Queen.[28][29] Camilla, Duchess of Cornwall, also travelled to Balmoral from the Birkhall estate.[28] Charles and Anne were by the Queen's side when she died.[28][30] Prince William, Prince Andrew, Prince Edward, and Sophie, Countess of Wessex, left RAF Northolt on a flight to Aberdeen Airport and arrived at Balmoral shortly after 17:00; Prince Harry, who had travelled alone and departed later than the other family members, arrived at Balmoral at 20:00; Catherine, Duchess of Cambridge and Meghan, Duchess of Sussex did not join them.[28][29][31][32][33]

Prime Minister Liz Truss is believed to have been informed of the Queen's declining health that morning by the Cabinet Secretary, Simon Case, and received an update at 12:00.[34][35] The Leader of the Opposition, Sir Keir Starmer, was informed by a note passed to him by Deputy Leader Angela Rayner during a speech he was giving in the House of Commons.[a][36][37][38] At 12:30 Buckingham Palace made a public announcement expressing concern for the Queen's health; the Speaker, Sir Lindsay Hoyle, made a brief statement of good wishes in response.[b][37][39][40]

Truss was informed at 16:30 that the Queen had died, and the royal family announced her death two hours later via newswires and a post on Twitter.[c][41][42][43][44] A notice with the same statement was affixed to the railings outside Buckingham Palace and posted on the royal family website.[45]

External video
 
  Announcement of the death of the Queen on the BBC's television channels read by Huw Edwards

BBC One continuously covered the Queen's condition from 12:40, after the first official statement; special reports were also run on ITV, Channel 4, and Channel 5.[46][47] British television announcements of the Queen's death began at 18:31, when news presenter Huw Edwards read the royal family's statement during a live broadcast on the BBC News channel and BBC One. At 18:32 the presenters of BBC Radio 4 and BBC Radio 5 Live made similar announcements.[47] At around 18:36 all BBC Radio stations had interrupted programming with a news report read by Chris Aldridge to announce the Queen's death.[48]

After the announcement, the Union Flags at Buckingham Palace and 10 Downing Street were lowered to half-mast.[49][50] At Balmoral Castle the Royal Standard of the United Kingdom was lowered and then, because the new king was present, was raised again. The Royal Banner of Scotland was lowered to half-mast at the Palace of Holyroodhouse, as was the Welsh flag at Cardiff Castle.[50][51]

Scottish events

That the Queen died in Scotland meant that Operation Unicorn was the first part of Operation London Bridge to take effect.[52] Her body was taken to Edinburgh, where ceremonies were held, then to London for the state funeral.

The Queen's coffin left Balmoral Castle at 10:46 on 11 September, draped with the Scottish version of the Royal Standard of the United Kingdom and topped with a wreath of flowers from the castle gardens.[d][53][54] The journey of the cortege, which included Princess Anne and Sir Timothy Laurence, was 175 miles (282 km) long and passed through Aberdeenshire, Aberdeen, Angus, Dundee, Perth and Kinross, and Fife.[55][56] People lined the route of the cortege to pay their respects, and in Aberdeenshire farmers formed a guard of honour of tractors.[57][58] The cortege reached the Palace of Holyroodhouse at 16:23 and the coffin was placed in the Throne Room.[55][56][59] The coffin was made from oak and was lined with lead, reportedly weighing 245 kg (540 lb).[60]

 
The Queen's coffin arrives in Edinburgh on 11 September

On 12 September the Queen's coffin was carried up the Royal Mile to St Giles' Cathedral, in a procession that included the King, Princess Anne and Timothy Laurence, Prince Andrew, Prince Edward, the Bearer Party from the Royal Regiment of Scotland, and the Royal Company of Archers.[59][61][62][63] The Queen Consort and the Countess of Wessex and Forfar followed closely in their car.[64] Guns were fired every minute from Edinburgh Castle during the procession.[61] On arrival the coffin was carried into the cathedral, and the Crown of Scotland was placed on it.[65]

A service of thanksgiving was then held to celebrate the Queen's life and to highlight her association with Scotland.[66][61][62] The service was led by the minister of St Giles' Cathedral, the Reverend Calum Macleod, and the homily given by the Moderator of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland, the Reverend Dr Iain Greenshields.[e][68] Psalm 118 was sung in Gaelic by Karen Matheson.[69] It was attended by the royal party; politicians, including Liz Truss and Nicola Sturgeon; and representatives from the Queen's Scottish charities and organisations.[61]

The Queen's coffin lay at rest at the cathedral for 24 hours, guarded by the Royal Company of Archers, which allowed around 33,000 people to file past the coffin.[66][70] In the evening the King, Princess Anne, Prince Andrew, and Prince Edward held a vigil at the cathedral, a custom known as the Vigil of the Princes; Princess Anne was the first woman to participate.[66][71]

On 13 September the Queen's coffin was taken by hearse to Edinburgh Airport and flown to RAF Northolt on a Royal Air Force C-17 Globemaster, accompanied by Princess Anne and Sir Timothy Laurence.[72] The Royal Air Force Bearer Party carried the coffin onto the aircraft and a Guard of Honour was formed by the Royal Regiment of Scotland.[73] During the journey the Scottish version of the Royal Standard that draped the coffin was replaced by the Royal Standard that is used in the remainder of the United Kingdom.[74]

Lying-in-state

Upon the Queen's arrival in London, she was transported to Buckingham Palace, before being moved to Westminster Hall the following day for her lying-in-state before the state funeral.

 
The Queen's coffin being taken from Buckingham Palace to Westminster Hall on a horse-drawn gun carriage.

When the Queen arrived at RAF Northolt the Queen's Colour Squadron (63 Squadron RAF Regiment) assumed the role of the Bearer Party and formed the Guard of Honour.[73] The coffin was placed in the state hearse and transported through London to Buckingham Palace, with people lining the street to watch.[73][75] The coffin was then placed in the Bow Room at Buckingham Palace in the presence of the royal family.[f][75][76]

The Queen's coffin was taken in a military procession from Buckingham Palace to Westminster Hall on a horse-drawn gun carriage of the King's Troop Royal Horse Artillery.[g] The King, male members of the royal family, and Princess Anne followed the coffin on foot.[h][77][78][79] This procession, as well the other processions held later in London and Windsor, marched at the funeral pace of 75 steps per minute and was accompanied by military bands playing marches by Johann Heinrich Walch, Felix Mendelssohn and Frédéric Chopin.[80][77][81] Big Ben tolled each minute of the procession and minute guns were fired from Hyde Park by the King's Troop Royal Horse Artillery.[77][82]

Members of the three armed forces formed a guard of honour to receive the coffin at Parliament Square, after which soldiers from the Queen's Company, 1st Battalion Grenadier Guards, placed the coffin on a catafalque in Westminster Hall.[77] The Archbishop of Canterbury and the Dean of Westminster then conducted a service in the presence of the royal family.[66]

 
Elizabeth II lying-in-state at Westminster Hall

The Queen lay in state in Westminster Hall from 17:00 on 14 September to 06:30 on 19 September.[66] The coffin was guarded by members of both the Sovereign's Bodyguard[i] and the Household Division.[j][k] The Imperial State Crown and a wreath of flowers and foliage from Balmoral and Windsor castles had been placed on the coffin before the procession, and to these were added the Sovereign's Orb and the Sovereign's Sceptre with Cross; the Wanamaker Cross of Westminster was placed at its head and the regimental flag of The Queen's Company of The Grenadier Guards at its foot.[84][85] An estimated 250,000 members of the public filed past the coffin, as did politicians and other public figures.[86][87] Both the BBC and ITV offered a livestream of the Queen lying-in-state.[88][89] On 16 September, a 28-year-old man was arrested under the Public Order Act after he ran from the queue inside Westminster Hall and touched the coffin.[90][91]

In the evening of 16 September the King and his siblings held a vigil around the Queen's coffin for approximately ten minutes, and on 17 September the Queen's eight grandchildren did the same.[92][93] Prince Andrew and Prince Harry were permitted to wear military uniform on these occasions, who as non-working royals had not done at previous ceremonial events.[94][95][92]

On 18 September, pipers at four different locations in Scotland played "The Immortal Memory" at 18:00.[96] At 20:00 a minute's silence was observed across the UK.[97]

The Queue

Main article: The Queue
 
The route of the Queue along the River Thames. The front was in Westminster Hall (left), and at its greatest extent the back was in Southwark Park (right).

Two queues were formed to view the lying-in-state, beginning 48 hours before Westminster Hall opened to the public.[98] At its maximum extent the main queue was approximately 10 miles (16 km) long and had a waiting time of over 25 hours.[99][100] This queue attracted much media attention, with many commentators noting the stereotype that British people are good at queueing.[101][102][103][104] The accessible queue, for people with a disability or long-term condition, operated a ticket system and was therefore shorter.[105]

The queue experience was generally perceived to be positive, however there was an allegation of a man committing sexual assault by exposing himself, and some heckling of queuers.[106][107][108] The London Ambulance Service also had to assist 710 people, mainly due to head injuries from fainting.[109][110]

State funeral

Planning

Further information: Operation London Bridge
 
Signage alerting passersby about the closure of Sainsbury's and Argos stores on 19 September.

Plans for the Queen's death had existed in some form since the 1960s, and the Queen was consulted about all the details included in her funeral plan.[111][112] The Earl Marshal was in charge of organising the event.[112]

The planning and complexity of the funeral was compared to that of Winston Churchill in 1965, the last state funeral held in Britain and also a major international event.[113][114][115][116] It marked the first time that a monarch's funeral service had been held at Westminster Abbey since George II in 1760.[114][117] The Foreign Office handled the invitations, communications, and security arrangements from a headquarters called "The Hangar", redeploying 300 staff to manage the task.[118] 500 foreign dignitaries and heads of state were expected to attend. Invitations were issued to every country with which Britain maintains diplomatic relations, except for Russia, Belarus, and Myanmar; Syria, Venezuela and Afghanistan were not invited.[116][119] The timing of the funeral allowed guests who planned to address the general debate of the UN General Assembly the following day sufficient time to fly to New York City.[116]

The day of the funeral was a bank holiday in the United Kingdom.[114][115] Many businesses, workplaces, and educational establishments closed for the day, including major supermarkets and the London Stock Exchange.[120][121][122][123] In the National Health Service several trusts chose to cancel or reschedule all non-urgent appointments.[124][125][126] Several food banks announced that they would close on the day of the funeral, though some remained open after facing public backlash.[127][128]

Hotel prices increased in the days before the funeral in London.[129] Extra train services were made available across the country to allow people to travel to and from London and pay their respects for the lying-in-state and funeral service.[130][131][132] Westminster City Council deployed its "Clean Streets" team to clean up different areas within central London.[129]

Procession to Westminster Abbey

 
The Queen's coffin on the State Gun Carriage of the Royal Navy during the procession to Westminster Abbey.

At 10:44 on 19 September the Queen's coffin was moved from Westminster Hall to Westminster Abbey on the State Gun Carriage of the Royal Navy.[133] The carriage was drawn by Royal Navy sailors, known as Naval Ratings, maintaining a tradition which began at the state funeral of Queen Victoria.[134] The King, members of the royal family, and members of the King's household walked behind.[135][114][136] Non-working royals, including the Duke of York and the Duke of Sussex, did not wear military uniforms for the state funeral and the committal service. A wreath with foliage cut from the gardens of Buckingham Palace, Highgrove House, and Clarence House was placed on the coffin, together with a note from the King which read "In loving and devoted memory. Charles R."[l][137] Before the service the tenor bell of the Abbey rang once a minute for 96 minutes, once for each year of the Queen's life.[138] The coffin arrived at Westminster Abbey at 10:52.[139]

Funeral service

Music by British composers was played before the service, and as the coffin entered the abbey the choir sang the five sentences set to music.[m][138] The service began at 11:00 and was conducted by the Dean of Westminster, David Hoyle, according to the 1662 Book of Common Prayer.[141][138][142] The lessons were read by Baroness Scotland, Secretary General of the Commonwealth, and Liz Truss, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, and the sermon and commendation were given by the Archbishop of Canterbury Justin Welby.[138][143] Prayers were said by clergy from several Christian denominations.[144][n]

The music included the psalm setting "Like as the hart" by Judith Weir and the anthem "Who shall separate us?" by James MacMillan, both written for the funeral, as well as pieces performed at the Queen's coronation and wedding.[o] The Choir of Westminster Abbey and Choir of the Chapel Royal led the singing, and were conducted by James O'Donell.[140]

The end of the service included a sounding of the "Last Post" and a two-minute silence, which was concluded with the "Reveille".[139] The National Anthem, followed by the bagpipe lament "Sleep, dearie, sleep", marked the end of the ceremony.[138] The "Allegro maestoso" from Elgar's Organ Sonata in G was played after the service.[140]

Processions in London and Windsor

 
Representatives from Canada, Australia, and New Zealand during the procession to Wellington Arch.

Two processions followed the service. The first was from Westminster Abbey to Wellington Arch, where the Queen's coffin was placed in the state hearse. From there it was transported to Windsor, where the second procession took place through Windsor Great Park.

The procession in London began at 12:15 and included around 3,000 military personnel, stretching for over a mile. It began at the abbey and passed down Whitehall, through Horse Guards, up The Mall, past Buckingham Palace, and up Constitution Hill to end at the Wellington Arch near Hyde Park. Around a million people lined the streets of central London to watch the event.[145]

At the front of the procession were representatives of Commonwealth forces led by members of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police on horseback, then representatives of the Royal Air Force, the British Army, and the Royal Navy and Royal Marines, followed by defence staff and armed forces chaplains, officers of arms, and the royal household.[146] The Queen's coffin followed, again on the State Gun Carriage pulled by Royal Navy sailors, and surrounded by an escort party.[146] The King and royal family members were next, some marching and some in cars, with a further escort and the household of the former Prince of Wales behind.[146] At the rear of the procession were representatives of civilian services.[146]

 
The King, the Princess Royal, the Duke of York, the Earl of Wessex, the Prince of Wales, the Duke of Sussex, Peter Phillips, the Earl of Snowdon and the Duke of Gloucester walk behind Queen Elizabeth II's coffin. Sir Timothy Laurence was also in the procession but is not seen in this image.

Seven military bands were dispersed through the procession and again played funeral marches.[146][147] Big Ben tolled each minute and minute guns were fired from Hyde Park by the King's Troop Royal Horse Artillery.[139] Standards were lowered and those in the procession gave salutes as they passed the Cenotaph. At Buckingham Palace, the King's Guard gave a royal salute to the Victoria Memorial and Palace staff waited outside the gates.[133][148] At Wellington Arch the coffin was transferred with a royal salute to the state hearse for the journey to Windsor.[139] The hearse left London for Windsor at 13:30, accompanied by Princess Anne and Timothy Laurence, travelling on A roads rather than motorways to allow the public to line the route.[149][150]

At 15:00 the coffin arrived in Windsor, where a final procession involving 1,000 military personnel took place down the Long Walk to St George's Chapel.[151][139] Around 97,000 people lined the route.[151][145] The Queen's fell pony, Emma, and two royal corgis, Muick and Sandy, stood at the side of the procession.[152] The King and royal family joined the procession in the Quadrangle, during which Sebastopol Bell and the Curfew Tower bell tolled and the King's Troop, Royal Horse Artillery, fired minute guns from the East Lawn of the castle.[139] At the end of the procession the coffin was taken to St George's Chapel via the West Steps with the guard of honour formed by the 1st Battalion Grenadier Guards.[139]

Committal service

The committal service began at 16:00 in the presence of 800 guests, largely made up of the royal household and staff from the Queen's private estates, but also including the royal family, governors general and prime ministers from the Commonwealth realms, and members of foreign royal houses.[114][139][151] The Choir of St George's Chapel led the music, which included the Russian "Kontakion of the Departed", also sung at the funeral of Prince Philip.[p][153] A selection of music was also played before the service.[153][154][q]

The Dean of Windsor, who conducted the service, read the bidding, the readings, and the commendation.[114][153][154][139] The first reading was Revelation 21, verses 1–7, which was also included in the order of service for the funerals of Elizabeth's grandparents and father.[153] The Rector of Sandringham, the Minister of Crathie Kirk and the Chaplain of Windsor Great Park delivered the prayers, and the Archbishop of Canterbury gave the concluding blessing.[139]

Near the end of the service the Imperial State Crown, orb, and sceptre were removed from the coffin and placed on the altar.[112][139][153] The King then placed the Queen's Company Camp Colour of the Grenadier Guards on his mother's coffin, before the Lord Chamberlain symbolically broke his wand of office and also placed its halves atop the coffin.[139][154] After this the Garter Principal King of Arms recited the styles of Elizabeth II and Charles III, between which a lament — "A Salute to the Royal Fendersmith" — was played by the Sovereign's Piper as the Queen's coffin was lowered into the Royal Vault. The singing of the National Anthem marked the end of the ceremony.[139][154]

Interment

After the funeral of the Queen on 19 September, she was later interred beneath the King George VI Memorial Chapel in a private service attended only by her closest family at 19:30, alongside her father King George VI, her mother Queen Elizabeth, and the ashes of her sister Princess Margaret. The remains of Prince Philip, who was temporarily interred in the Royal Vault following his funeral in 2021, were moved to the chapel after the interment of the Queen.[148][151]

Elizabeth II's coffin was constructed more than 30 years before the funeral.[155][156][r] It is made of English oak and lined with lead to protect the coffin and the remains from moisture damage. Due to the weight of the coffin, eight pallbearers were required for lifting and carrying rather than the usual six.[155][156]

Organisation and media

Attendees

Main article: List of dignitaries at the state funeral of Elizabeth II
 
Map showing the countries from which at least one representative attended the funeral.

The service at Westminster Abbey was attended by 2,000 people in total, including holders of the George Cross and Victoria Cross, representatives from the United Kingdom's faith communities, and foreign and Commonwealth heads of state and heads of government.[138][151][157] Representatives from 168 countries, out of 193 UN member states and two UN observer states, confirmed attendance, including 18 monarchs, 55 presidents and 25 prime ministers.[151][157]

Due to the limited number of seats, foreign invitees were asked to keep their delegations as small as possible and to only bring their spouses.[158] The UK government also requested those travelling by air to use commercial flights; private flights were directed away from Heathrow Airport.[158] Additionally, the government asked guests not to use private cars to travel to Westminster Abbey, and instead use government-provided "coach transport from a central assembly point".[158] This was only guidance; leaders including the President of the United States, Joe Biden, the President of Israel, Isaac Herzog, and the Vice President of China, Wang Qishan, were taken to the event through other means.[118][159] Many dignitaries were present for a reception by the King at Buckingham Palace on the eve of the funeral, and all international guests were invited to attend a reception hosted by the Foreign Secretary, James Cleverly, after the funeral service.[118][158]

Almost 200 people, recognised in the 2022 Queen's Birthday Honours for their extraordinary contributions in areas including the response to the COVID-19 pandemic, were invited to the service.[160]

Security

 
Police officers from Wales on duty in Sloane Square London before the funeral

Around 10,000 police officers were expected to be on duty every day in London during the mourning period, a security operation described by the Metropolitan Police as the "biggest the UK has ever seen"; officers from across the country supported the operation under mutual aid agreements.[161][162][163] Thames Valley Police announced that they would introduce new water patrols for observing busy waterways in the lead-up to the funeral, and mounted police officers, police dogs, and drones provided part of the security in Windsor.[163][164][165][166] Prior to the service a special unit, the Fixated Threat Assessment Centre, began to monitor and review individuals identified as having a potentially dangerous obsession with the British royal family.[167]

MI5 and GCHQ worked in collaboration with counter terrorism police and the Metropolitan Police to provide security for the funeral.[168] A group of 1,500 military personnel was also deployed, and Westminster was inspected by a military Wildcat helicopter.[168] "Hundreds" of stewards from private security firms were hired to aid crowd management.[168]

Cost and economic impact

The total cost of the funeral has not been published, but it is expected to exceed the £5.4 million paid for the funeral of Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother.[169]

The UK's economy (as measured by GDP) contracted by 0.6 per cent in September 2022, attributable in part due to Elizabeth's funeral and the period of national mourning that preceded it.[170]

Coverage

The funeral and committal service of the Queen were the first to be broadcast to the public.[171] Filming had been prohibited during the state funeral of George VI, although the procession of his coffin was partially televised.[172]

 
Temporary stands set up for broadcasters across the road from Westminster Abbey

United Kingdom

The funeral was broadcast by the BBC, ITV, and Sky, with the latter two simulcasting the service on all of their channels and not showing advertisements.[173][174][175] The BBC Two broadcast included British Sign Language interpretation.[176] BBC Radio broadcast events on Radio 2, 3, 4, 5 Live, the World Service, and its Local Radio network.[177][178][179] Global's radio brands also broadcast their own coverage.[180] Channel 5 was the only major public service network that did not air the Queen's funeral.[181]

Big screens were set up at cathedrals and public areas to broadcast the service.[182] Shops, licensed establishments, parish and public halls remained open in Jersey to allow people to watch the Queen's funeral.[183]

Buckingham Palace requested that video footage did not "intrude on the grief" of individual members of the royal family, that footage of the funeral be avoided from usage on entertainment programmes and allowed only for news coverage, and that five short pieces of video featuring members of the royal family would not be broadcast again.[184]

Commonwealth and other countries

The funeral was broadcast live in Australia, The Bahamas, Canada, India, Mauritius, New Zealand, Singapore, South Africa, and Sri Lanka.[185] The funeral was also carried live by dozens of broadcasters in most of Europe and across the world.[186][187]

Viewing figures

 
Sailors on board HMS Queen Elizabeth watching the funeral

The television broadcast was the second most watched broadcast during the 21st century in the United Kingdom (after the prime ministerial statement on COVID-19 during the lockdown) and the third most watched royal event in British history (surpassing the wedding of Prince William and Catherine Middleton, and approaching the weddings of Prince Charles and Lady Diana Spencer, and Princess Anne and Mark Philips).[188][189]

Succession and four-nation tour

Accession

Main articles: Proclamation of accession of Charles III and Coronation of Charles III and Camilla

Upon the Queen's death, her eldest child Charles, Prince of Wales, immediately acceded to the British throne as King Charles III.[45][190]

There was some speculation regarding the regnal name that would be adopted by the former Prince of Wales upon succeeding his mother. During her formal televised address outside 10 Downing Street, Prime Minister Liz Truss made the first mention of the King's regnal name during a tribute to the Queen.[191] Clarence House officially confirmed the new King would be known as Charles III shortly after the Prime Minister's address. Buckingham Palace released the King's first official statement as monarch at 19:04:

The death of my beloved Mother, Her Majesty The Queen, is a moment of the greatest sadness for me and all members of my family.

We mourn profoundly the passing of a cherished Sovereign and a much-loved Mother. I know her loss will be deeply felt throughout the country, the Realms and the Commonwealth, and by countless people around the world.

During this period of mourning and change, my family and I will be comforted and sustained by our knowledge of the respect and deep affection in which The Queen was so widely held.

— King Charles III, in an official press statement[192]

Most of Charles III's pre-accession Scottish titles, as well as the title Duke of Cornwall, were passed to his elder son and the new heir apparent to the throne, Prince William, Duke of Cambridge. On 9 September, William was named Prince of Wales and Earl of Chester, succeeding his father.[193]

 
The press covering the Accession Council outside St James's Palace

The Accession Council assembled on 10 September at St James's Palace to formally proclaim the accession of Charles III.[194] Although about seven hundred people were eligible to attend the ceremony, because the event was planned on such short notice, the number in attendance was two hundred.[195] In addition to other formalities, the Council confirmed "Charles III" as the King's regnal name.[196] At 11:00, 21-gun salutes at the Tower of London, Cardiff Castle, Edinburgh Castle, Castle Cornet, Gibraltar, and naval bases and ships at sea marked the accession of Charles III.[197][198][199] The King greeted crowds outside Buckingham Palace after the ceremony.[200]

On 10 September, senior MPs swore an oath of allegiance to Charles III in a special session of Parliament.[201] The King then met with the Prime Minister for a second time and held audiences with members of her cabinet and leaders of the opposition parties.[202]

The coronation of Charles III and Camilla is expected to take place on 6 May 2023 at Westminster Abbey.[203] No plans have been announced for William to be invested as Prince of Wales.

Four-nation royal tour

King Charles III and Queen Camilla travelled from Balmoral to Buckingham Palace, where they greeted the crowd of mourners outside the gates.[204] The King then held an audience with the Prime Minister before paying tribute to his mother in a publicly broadcast message.[205][206] In Charles's first address as King he stated that a national period of mourning would be observed until the day after the state funeral (19 September), and an additional seven days would be observed by the royal family, royal household, and troops on ceremonial duties.[207][208]

On 11 September, the King met the Commonwealth Secretary General at Buckingham Palace, after which he hosted the High Commissioners of Commonwealth realms.[66]

 
King Charles III addressing the Scottish Parliament following his accession

On 12 September, the King travelled to Westminster Hall with the Queen Consort to receive condolences from the House of Commons and the House of Lords and to give a speech to both houses.[61][209] He and the Queen Consort then travelled to the Palace of Holyroodhouse in Edinburgh, where they greeted members of the public and viewed floral tributes before the King inspected the Guard of Honour from the Royal Regiment of Scotland.[61][210] The Ceremony of the Keys followed.[61] The King then had an audience at Holyroodhouse with the First Minister of Scotland, Nicola Sturgeon, and the Presiding Officer of the Scottish Parliament, Alison Johnstone.[66][62] The King and the Queen Consort visited the Scottish Parliament to receive a motion of condolence and observed a two-minute silence with MSPs.[210][62][211]

On 13 September, the King and the Queen Consort travelled to Northern Ireland, where they met with members of the public in Royal Hillsborough before arriving at the Castle.[212][213] The King met the Secretary of State for Northern Ireland, Chris Heaton-Harris, and party leaders, and the Speaker of the Northern Ireland Assembly, Alex Maskey, delivered a message of condolence.[214][66][215] The King and the Queen Consort also met with major faith leaders in Northern Ireland.[214][216] A service of reflection was held in St Anne's Cathedral in Belfast on 13 September, where John McDowell, the Archbishop of Armagh and head of the Church of Ireland, paid tribute to the Queen for her efforts in bringing peace to Ireland.[214] The service was attended by the King and Queen Consort, the Prime Minister, the President of Ireland, Michael D. Higgins, and the Taoiseach, Micheál Martin.[217][214][216] A delegation from the republican Sinn Féin also attended, but the party did not take part in any events marking the accession.[218]

 
King Charles III being driven in his state car after visiting Cardiff Castle.

On 16 September, the King and Queen Consort visited Cardiff Castle, where a royal gun salute was fired and crowds gathered inside.[219] A silent protest against the monarchy was held outside by groups including trade unions, and Labour for an Independent Wales.[220][219] An audience was held for the First Minister of Wales and the Llywydd, or Presiding Officer, of the Senedd.[219][221] A service of prayer and reflection for the life of the Queen was held at Llandaff Cathedral on 16 September and attended by the King and Queen Consort. The Bishop of Llandaff and leaders of other faiths said the prayers, and the Archbishop of Wales delivered an address in both English and Welsh.[222][219] The service included the singing of Welsh hymns and anthems.[219][223] The choir accompanied by harpists Alis Huws and Catrin Finch performed the anthem "A Welsh Prayer" composed by Paul Mealor with words by Grahame Davies.[223][s]

At the Senedd the King received a motion of condolence before addressing the parliament in Welsh and English.[225][219] At Cardiff Castle, the King had audiences with the First Minister of Wales, Mark Drakeford, and the Llywydd, Elin Jones.[219][221] At the castle, they also held audiences with individuals associated with their royal patronages, before meeting with members of the public in the castle grounds.[225] Returning to London, the King met leaders of different faith communities at Buckingham Palace.[226]

On 17 September, the King met with the Defence Chiefs of Staff at Buckingham Palace and received the Prime Ministers of Australia, the Bahamas, Canada, Jamaica, and New Zealand.[227] The governors-general of the Commonwealth realms attended a reception and lunch at Buckingham Palace, hosted by the King and other members of the royal family.[227] The King met emergency services workers at the Metropolitan Police's Special Operations Room in Lambeth, who were organising aspects of the Queen's state funeral.[227][228] He also visited The Queue with Prince William to speak to its participants.[229]

On 18 September, the King met the prime ministers of Tuvalu, Antigua and Barbuda, and Papua New Guinea at Buckingham Palace.[230] A reception for world leaders was held at Buckingham Palace.[231]

Other activities

On 10 September, a service at Crathie Kirk was attended by Anne and her husband Sir Timothy Laurence, Andrew, Edward and his wife Sophie, and the Queen's grandchildren Peter Phillips, Zara Tindall, Beatrice, Eugenie, and Louise Windsor, who then viewed floral tributes outside Balmoral.[232][233] The King's sons, William and Harry, along with their wives, Catherine and Meghan, viewed floral tributes outside Windsor Castle.[234]

On 15 September, members of the royal family viewed tributes and met crowds around the UK. The Prince and Princess of Wales visited Sandringham House, the Earl and Countess of Wessex visited Manchester, and Princess Anne and Sir Timothy Laurence travelled to Glasgow.[235][236]

On 16 September, the Prince and Princess of Wales visited the Army Training Centre Pirbright to meet with troops deployed from Canada, Australia, and New Zealand that would take part in the state funeral.[237] The Earl and Countess of Wessex met with members of the public and viewed tributes at Windsor Castle.[238]

On 17 September, the Earl and Countess of Wessex met with crowds outside Buckingham Palace.[228] On 18 September, the Princess of Wales held an audience with Olena Zelenska, the First Lady of Ukraine.[230][239]

On 22 September, the Prince and Princess of Wales visited the Windsor Guildhall and the Princess Royal visited HMNB Portsmouth, respectively, to thank volunteers and staff and the Royal Navy for their role in organising the state funeral.[240][241]

Reactions

Main article: Reactions to the death of Elizabeth II
 
The Union Flag flown at half-mast at Buckingham Palace

Charles III paid tribute to his "darling Mama" in an address to the UK and Commonwealth on 9 September.[242][243] On 9 September, all flags at royal residences were ordered to be lowered to half-mast except the Royal Standard, which continued to fly at full mast wherever the current monarch was in residence.[207] All royal residences were closed to the public until after the state funeral had occurred.[207] An online book of condolence was set up by the royal website.[207] In a written statement on 18 September, the King thanked the public for their support, and a previously unseen photograph of the Queen from May 2022 was published by the Palace.[244][245]

On 9 September, the UK government published guidance on details surrounding the national mourning period, stating that businesses, public service, sports fixtures and public venues were not obliged to close.[205] A 96-gun salute was fired in Hyde Park by the King's Troop, Royal Horse Artillery, at the Tower of London by the Honourable Artillery Company, at Edinburgh Castle by the Royal Artillery, at Cardiff Castle and Stonehenge by the 104th Regiment Royal Artillery, at Caernarfon Castle, at York Museum Gardens, and on board Royal Navy ships.[205][207][246][247] Bells tolled at Westminster Abbey, St Paul's Cathedral, and other churches across the UK,[246][248][249][250] Australia,[251] The Bahamas,[252] and Canada.[253] At Windsor Castle the Sebastopol Bell, which is only rung to mark the deaths of senior royals, tolled 96 times to mark the years of the Queen's life.[254]

 
A copy of the Philippine Senate's resolution of condolence for the death of the Queen being handed to the British Ambassador Laure Beaufils.

Politicians throughout the Commonwealth paid tribute to the Queen, praising her long public service.[255] Motions of condolences were also passed in the legislatures of Australia,[256][257] Canada,[258][259] New Zealand,[260] and Sri Lanka.[261][262] A resolution of condolence was also passed in the Senate of the Philippines, which was later handed over to the British ambassador.[263] Other political figures in the rest of the world also offered their condolences and tributes, as did members of royal families, religious leaders and other public figures.[264]

A service of prayer and mourning was held at St Paul's Cathedral at 18:00 on 9 September, attended by senior politicians and 2,000 members of the public.[205] The ceremony marked the first official rendition of "God Save the King" under Charles's reign.[265]

Many organisations paid their respects, and some suspended operations or cancelled events.[266][267] BBC, ITV, Channel 4 and Channel 5 (British TV channel) interrupted television programming to cover the news, while print media dedicated entire front covers in tribute.[268][269] Sporting events that went ahead held minute silences.[270]

Other commemorations

 
The flag of Sudan at half-mast following the death of the Queen.
 
Brandenburg Gate illuminated with the Union Flag on 16 September as a tribute to the Queen
 
Floral tributes to Elizabeth II at the British Embassy in Berlin

Instructions to fly national flags at half-mast were issued in several countries. In Commonwealth realms like Antigua and Barbuda, Australia, the Bahamas, Belize, Canada, Grenada, Jamaica, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, and Solomon Islands, national flags were flown at half-mast until the date of the funeral; with the exception of Proclamation Day when flags were returned to full mast.[286] Several other countries also issued instructions to fly their national flags at half-mast, including Sri Lanka, the United States, and many European Union buildings.[287][288] White flags were also put up in Galle Face Green and other prominent places throughout Sri Lanka.[289]

Several Commonwealth countries also declared the Queen's funeral or a specific day as a national holiday, including Antigua and Barbuda,[290] Australia, The Bahamas,[291] Belize,[295] Canada, the Cook Islands,[296] Nauru,[297] New Zealand, Niue,[298] Papua New Guinea,[299] and Sri Lanka.[300] In addition to the service in the United Kingdom, memorial services were held in other Commonwealth realms, including Belize, Grenada, and Tuvalu.[301][302][non-primary source needed][303][304][305] Thanksgiving and memorial services were also held in Anglican churches across the world, including Holy Trinity Cathedral in Accra,[306][307] St Andrew's Church at Bandar Seri Begawan in Brunei,[308] Cathedral of Christ the Living Saviour in Colombo,[309] St. John's Cathedral in Hong Kong,[310][311] and All Saints Cathedral in Nairobi.[312]

Many landmarks were illuminated in either purple or royal blue colours to honour the Queen, or illuminated with the name or image of Elizabeth II, her royal cypher, or the Union Flag;[313] including landmarks in Australia,[314][315] Bosnia and Herzegovina,[316] Brazil,[317] Canada,[318] the Czech Republic,[287] Germany,[317] Israel,[319] Kuwait,[317] New Zealand, the United Arab Emirates,[320] the United Kingdom,[325] and the United States.[317][287] Several landmarks in Canada, France, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom were also dimmed or had their lighting shut off as a sign of respect.[330]

Moments of silence were held across several Commonwealth realms. Several institutions also held moments of silence, including the Dáil Éireann,[331] the Parliament of Sri Lanka,[332] and by the Airborne Commemorations Foundation in the Netherlands.[333]

Flowers, tributes and wreaths were left at British embassies, including Berlin and Jakarta.[334]

Antigua and Barbuda

Antigua and Barbuda hosted a service of thanksgiving in honour of the late Queen of Antigua and Barbuda on 19 September, which was declared a public holiday throughout the country. The Governor-General's Deputy, Sir Clare Roberts, and the Acting Prime Minister Steadroy Benjamin presided in the absence of Sir Rodney Williams and Gaston Browne, who were both present at the Queen's state funeral in London. The service took place at the Cathedral of St John The Divine and was officiated by Dwane Cassius, Dean of the Cathedral of the Anglican Diocese of the North East Caribbean and Aruba.

The service was followed by a parade of members of the Antigua and Barbuda Defence Force and the Royal Police Force of Antigua and Barbuda.[335] The parade commenced from the Long Street entrance of the cathedral and concluded at the APUA Telephone Exchange, where the parade was dismissed.[336]

Australia

A 96-gun salute was fired by Australia's Federation Guard on the forecourt of Parliament House in Canberra on 9 September to mark the passing of the Queen of Australia.[337]

 
Sydney Opera House illuminated in the Queen's honour on 10 September

Monuments and landmarks across the country were lit up to honour the Queen. The Sydney Opera House was illuminated with an image of Queen Elizabeth II on the nights of 9 and 10 September, as a symbolic gesture on behalf of the Government of New South Wales.[315] The Australian Parliament House was lit up with images of the Queen throughout her seven-decade reign, reflecting her long and deep relationship with Australia.[338] Landmarks across Perth and Melbourne were illuminated in "royal purple" in honour of the Queen.[339][340]

A national memorial service for the Queen took place on 22 September at Parliament House in Canberra. The National Day of Mourning was observed as a "one-off public holiday". One minute's silence was observed at 11:00 across Australia.[341][342] Plans were announced for a new public square in central Sydney bearing the late Queen's name.[343]

Bahamas

A state memorial service for Elizabeth II, Queen of the Bahamas, was held at Christ Church Cathedral in Nassau on 2 October.[344] A procession of parliamentarians and law enforcement officers preceded the service, which started at Rawson Square, Bay Street. Governor General Sir Cornelius A. Smith, and Prime Minister Philip Davis were among those who addressed the congregation.[345][346]

Bhutan

Upon royal command, special prayers were performed in all major dzongs, temples and monasteries across Bhutan.[347] King Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck and Queen Jetsun Pema offered 1,000 butterlamps at Samtse on 9 September for Elizabeth II. Special prayers to offer light (called marme moenlam) were held at the ceremony, which was attended by the prime minister, government officials, and thousands of people in Samtse. Thongdrels of Guru Rinpoche and Zhabdrung were unfurled for the ceremony, to sanctify the important occasion.[347]

In Thimphu, former King Jigme Singye and members of the royal family were joined by government officials and foreign dignitaries to offer 1,000 butter lamps and prayers at the Grand Kuenrey of the Tashichhodzong.[347]

Canada

 
A book of condolence for the Queen in the Manitoba Legislative Building

Various locations were illuminated in honour of the late Queen of Canada as a part of the Department of Canadian Heritage's national illumination initiative.[318] The Canadian government also announced a donation of C$20 million to the Queen Elizabeth Scholars program, a program that funds Canadian university exchange programs.[348]

Prime Minister Justin Trudeau announced that the date of the Queen's funeral would be a holiday for federal government employees.[349][350] Among the Canadian provinces and territories, Prince Edward Island was the only one to declare the date of Elizabeth II's funeral a statutory holiday.[349][351][352] Alberta, the Northwest Territories, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Ontario and Quebec declared a day of mourning or commemoration instead of a holiday.[350][353] In the remaining provinces and territories government offices closed, some also closed schools,[t] and observance was optional for private-sector businesses.[350][351][354] The Retail Council of Canada and Canadian Federation of Independent Business were against making the funeral a statutory paid holiday.[355][356]

In memory of the Queen, dog group Ottawa Corgis marched with the Sons of Scotland Pipe Band on 18 September from Major's Hill Park to the Royal Display.[357][358]

 
The memorial parade before the Canadian commemorative ceremony.

A national commemorative ceremony for Elizabeth II took place at the Christ Church Cathedral in Ottawa on 19 September, which was broadcast live on television as well as on social media. The ceremony was preceded by a parade of the Canadian Armed Forces and Royal Canadian Mounted Police through downtown Ottawa, from Cartier Square Drill Hall and past Parliament Hill to the Cathedral, with a 96-gun salute.[359] A flypast by the Royal Canadian Air Force was cancelled due to inclement weather.[360] The congregation was addressed by former Governor-General Adrienne Clarkson as well as former Prime Minister Brian Mulroney.[360]

 
Gun salute in honour of the Queen on the grounds of the Manitoba Legislative Building.

Provincial commemorative services took place in several Canadian provinces on 19 September: in Alberta,[361] British Columbia,[362] Manitoba,[363] New Brunswick,[364] Newfoundland and Labrador,[365] Nova Scotia,[366] Prince Edward Island,[367] and Saskatchewan.[368] In Ontario, a memorial service was held in Toronto on 20 September.[369][370] Two memorial services in Quebec were organized by the Anglican Church rather than the provincial government, which were attended by Lieutenant Governor Michel Doyon.[371]

Moments of silence were held across several provinces on 19 September, with several transit operators having paused their operations for 96 seconds to coincide with the provincial moment of silence.[372][373][374] Two British-made bronze cannons from 1810, were fired in Westmount, Quebec, in honour of Elizabeth II.[375]

In December 2022, the Royal Canadian Mint introduced a commemorative C$2 coin with a black outer ring, meant to symbolise mourning for the Queen. The Mint produced an initial batch of five million C$2 coins for circulation, with further batches to be made as "marketplace needs" allow.[376] In January 2023, the Mint announced the launch of a new series of limited edition silver, gold, and platinum collectible coins in honour of Elizabeth II.[377]

Fiji

The Holy Trinity Anglican Cathedral in Suva hosted a special Service of Remembrance and Thanksgiving on 16 September in memory of the Queen. The service was attended by hundreds, including President Ratu Wiliame Katonivere and First Lady Filomena, Parliament Speaker Ratu Epeli Nailatikau, Minister for Health Ifereimi Waqainabete, former Prime Minister Sitiveni Rabuka, Police Commissioner Brigadier-General Sitiveni Qiliho, Head of the Catholic Church in Fiji Archbishop Peter Loy Chong, members of the diplomatic corps and the public. During the service, the Republic of Fiji Military Services accorded The Last Post, signalling the end of the Queen's 70-year reign.[378][379]

On 20 September, President Ratu Wiliame Katonivere hosted a Commemoration and Thanksgiving Service for the Queen at State House in Suva, which was attended by senior officials, government ministers, members of parliament and foreign representatives. The President reflected on the Queen's six visits to Fiji, which he said symbolized strong solidarity between Fiji and the royal family.[380][381]

France

French postal service La Poste issued a book of four collector stamps featuring the Queen. 50,000 stamps were put on sale on the day of the Queen's funeral.[382][383]

Starting from 14 October, Le Touquet's local airport was renamed Le Touquet-Paris-Plage Elizabeth II to honour the Queen.[384] In Paris, the George V Métro station, on Line 1 under the Champs-Élysées, was renamed Elizabeth II for the day of the Queen's state funeral.[385]

Hong Kong

 
A man paying his respects to the Queen in front of a makeshift memorial at the British consulate in Hong Kong

Thousands in Hong Kong paid tribute to the Queen, who was the colonial head of the city for 45 years before handover in 1997.[386] Long queues were seen outside the British consulate for days after the announcement of the death and until the funeral, with mourners waiting up to four hours. More than 13,000 signed the condolence books in the consulate in 11 days,[387] eulogising the "boss lady", an affectionate nickname for the Queen by the Hongkongers.[388] The tribute, which was one of the largest public gathering after imposition of the national security law and the crackdown on democracy movement, was also regarded as a protest to Hong Kong and Chinese authorities and mourning the past.[389][390]

Eric Chan, Chief Secretary for Administration and second-highest-ranking official in the city, visited the consulate and signed the condolence book on behalf of the government.[391] Nevertheless, the pro-Beijing newspaper Ta Kung Pao accused a "minority" of Hong Kong mourners for "indulging in this fantasy that they are subjects of the British Empire", and called for the eradication of colonialism.[392]

On the day of the Queen's funeral, hundreds gathered outside the consulate watching a live broadcast of the event. A harmonica player was arrested under colonial-era sedition law after playing "Glory to Hong Kong", a protest song prominently used in the 2019–2020 Hong Kong protests, and "God Save the King".[393][394]

Jamaica

Following the announcement of the passing of the Queen of Jamaica on 8 September 2022, bells were tolled nationally in churches throughout all parish capitals for one hour beginning at 6:00 pm. Books of condolence were established at King's House, and in the Offices of the Custodes in all parishes during the mourning period.[395] A 96-gun salute was fired by the Jamaica Defence Force at Up Park Camp in St Andrew on 19 September.[396]

A national memorial service for the late Queen of Jamaica was held on 2 October at the St. Andrew Parish Church in Kingston and was attended by government officials and foreign representatives.[397][398] The service was headed by Governor-General Sir Patrick Allen, Prime Minister Andrew Holness, and Mark Golding, the leader of the official opposition, headed the service. The service included scripture readings by the governor-general, the prime minister and the leader of the opposition, as well as tributes in songs by the church choir and the Kingston College Choir.[399]

Apart from the national memorial service in Kingston, services were held on 2 October in Clarendon, Saint Catherine, Saint Ann, Portland, Saint Mary, Saint Thomas, Saint Elizabeth, Saint James, Westmoreland, Hanover, Manchester, and Trelawny.[398] The custodes and mayors headed the memorial services in parishes across Jamaica.[397][400]

Kenya

In Kenya, former staff returned to the Treetops Hotel, the building where Elizabeth learned about the death of her father and her accession to the throne, to light candles and lay out a condolence book.[401]

New Zealand

 
The Queen's Personal New Zealand Flag paraded at the New Zealand State Memorial Service

A 96-gun salute was fired from the Te Papa Promenade in Wellington on 9 September, by personnel from the 16th Field Regiment, Royal New Zealand Artillery based at Linton Military Camp, to mark the passing of the Queen of New Zealand.[402]

At the Auckland War Memorial Museum, a haka was led by members of the Limited Service Volunteer programme to honour the Queen.[403][404]

A state memorial service with a one-off public holiday took place on 26 September to celebrate the life and reign of Queen Elizabeth II of New Zealand.[405][406] The service took place at the Wellington Cathedral of St Paul at 14:00 and was televised and live-streamed.[407][408] A national minute of silence took place at the beginning of the service, with people across New Zealand being invited to participate in the moment of silence.[409] During the service, the Queen's Personal New Zealand Flag was paraded for the last time.[410]

Memorial services were also held elsewhere in New Zealand including in Auckland,[411] Christchurch,[412] New Plymouth[413] and Hastings.[414] South Canterbury Anniversary Day, which was due to be observed on 26 September in the Timaru, Waimate and Mackenzie districts, was moved to Friday 11 November.[415]

Cook Islands

The King's Representative, Sir Tom Marsters, proclaimed 30 September a public holiday in the Cook Islands in respect of the Queen's passing.[416] On the morning of the holiday, the government held a memorial service for the Queen at the National Auditorium in Avarua. The service was attended by Marsters, traditional leaders, members of the Religious Advisory Council, Queen's Award recipients, the high commissioners of New Zealand and Australia, Members of Parliament, members of the various uniform organisations, and members of the public.[417]

Niue

Two days of commemoration took place in Niue to mark the passing of Queen Elizabeth II, Niue's head of state. A series of events took place on 18 and 19 September, with the latter being a public holiday. On 19 September, a national memorial service was held at the Taoga Niue starting at 08:00. A national moment of reflection took place at 08:15, with people across Niue taking part. People were also asked to plant a tree on 19 September in memory of the Queen.[298]

Papua New Guinea

On 12 September, a 96-gun salute was fired in honour of the Queen, and a moment of silence took place outside Parliament House in Port Moresby.[418]

On 18 September, members of various Anglican Church parishes in Port Moresby gathered at St Martin's Anglican parish for a memorial service for the late Queen of Papua New Guinea, which was presided over by the Bishop of Popondota, Lindsley Ihove.[419][420]

Saint Lucia

 
A 96 gun salute at Government House, Saint Lucia

On 9 September, a 96-gun salute was fired by the Royal Saint Lucia Police Force on the premises of Government House in Castries.[273]

On 19 September, the day of the state funeral, the public was invited to pause for a 70-second national tribute to reflect on the life and legacy of Elizabeth II, Queen of Saint Lucia. Church bells and sirens from fire stations throughout the nation sounded for one minute and 10 seconds starting at 09:59 to herald the commencement of the 70-second reflection period at 10:00.[421]

Slovakia

A place of remembrance for Elizabeth II was created by Servare et Manere in the Carl Gustav Swensson Park in Žilina.[422][423] The memorial is located near the first tree planted for The Queen's Green Canopy in Central Europe.[424][425] In the biblical garden at Vysoká nad Kysucou, Elizabeth II was publicly honoured with the planting of the Queen Elizabeth rose. The rose planting was a part of the official opening for the gardens and was organized by the Vysoká nad Kysucou Roman Catholic Parish in cooperation with Servare et Manere.[426][427]

Solomon Islands

In the Solomon Islands the prime minister declared 12–14 September as days of mourning, and the first a public holiday.[428] The three-day national mourning period began on 12 September with a wreath-laying and signing of the condolence book at Government House by national leaders including Governor-General Sir David Vunagi, Prime Minister Manasseh Sogavare, Speaker of the National Parliament Patterson Oti and Chief Justice Sir Albert Palmer; as well as other government officials, former governors-general and prime ministers, members of diplomatic missions and uniformed groups.[429]

A memorial church service was held at the Saint Barnabas Anglican Cathedral on 14 September to celebrate the life and reign of Elizabeth II, Queen of Solomon Islands. The service was attended by acting Governor-General Patteson John Oti, Prime Minister Manasseh Sogavare, Deputy Speaker Commins Mewa, Chief Justice Sir Albert Palmer, former governors-general, acting British High Commissioner Steve Auld and senior government officials.[430]

Sweden

Sweden honoured the Queen, who was one of the longest-serving members of the Royal Order of the Seraphim, the foremost order of Sweden, on the day of her funeral on 19 September. The Queen was awarded the order by King Gustaf VI Adolf on 26 May 1953, and the chain of the Order was given to her by King Carl XVI Gustaf on 23 May 1975. The Queen was the 722nd member of the Order since its inception in 1748.[431] The Queen's royal coat of arms as a member of the Royal Order of the Seraphim was then taken in procession from the palace to Riddarholmen Church in Stockholm, where the bourdon rang a traditional Seraphim Toll for one hour. The arms were then hung in the church. By command of the King of Sweden, flags above royal residences were flown at half-mast on the day.[431]

United Kingdom

 
Black cab drivers lined The Mall outside Buckingham Palace after her death

The billboards at Piccadilly Circus and on the BT Tower showed tributes to the Queen, as well as advertising screens on the side of bus stops on billboards across the entire country.[432]

The Royal Mail issued four commemorative stamps showing the Queen at different stages in her life.[433]

Black cab drivers of London lined The Mall to pay tribute to the Queen.[434]

United States

Billboards on the Las Vegas Strip showed images of the Queen.[287]

On 21 September, a memorial service was held at the Washington National Cathedral, arranged in conjunction with the British Embassy in Washington, D.C..[435] Attendees included Vice President Kamala Harris, House Speaker Nancy Pelosi and House Minority Leader Kevin McCarthy, as well as British ambassador Karen Pierce.[436] All living former US presidents were invited, but none attended.[436][437] A sermon was delivered by Michael Curry, the presiding bishop of the Episcopal Church.[436][438]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ The note said: "The Queen is unwell and Keir needs to leave the chamber as soon as possible to be briefed."
  2. ^ The statement read: "Following further evaluation this morning, the Queen's doctors are concerned for Her Majesty's health and have recommended she remain under medical supervision. The Queen remains comfortable and at Balmoral."
  3. ^ The announcement read: 'The Queen died peacefully at Balmoral this afternoon. The King and The Queen Consort will remain at Balmoral this evening and will return to London tomorrow.'
  4. ^ The flowers were dahlia, sweet pea, phlox, white heather, and pine fir
  5. ^ The opening hymn of the service was "All People that on Earth do Dwell", the metrical version of Psalm 100. Matheson sang Psalm 118. The first lesson was taken from Ecclesiastes 3. The choir then sang Psalm 116 before the second reading from Romans 8. The second hymn was "The Lord's My Shepherd", which was followed by the gospel reading from John 14. Following the homily, the choir sang William Byrd's anthem "Justorum Animae". After several prayers were said, the closing hymn, "Glory to God! Our living songs we raise", was sung, followed by the national anthem and the benediction.[67][68]
  6. ^ It was met by all the Queen's children and grandchildren and her nephew and niece, the Earl of Snowdon and Lady Sarah Chatto.
  7. ^ This gun carriage had carried her parents' coffins.
  8. ^ The full group included Prince Andrew, Prince Edward, Prince William, Prince Harry, Peter Phillips, the Earl of Snowdon, the Duke of Gloucester, and Timothy Laurence.
  9. ^ The Sovereign's Bodyguard consists of three units that are classed as personal bodyguards to the Sovereign – the Honourable Corps of Gentlemen at Arms, the King's Bodyguard of the Yeomen of the Guard, and the Royal Company of Archers, The King's Body Guard for Scotland.
  10. ^ The Household Division is an overall term used to describe regiments of the British Army that are classed as "guards". There are seven regiments in total – two classed as Household Cavalry (the Life Guards and the Blues and Royals (Royal Horse Guards and 1st Dragoons)), and five as foot guards (Grenadier Guards, Coldstream Guards, Scots Guards, Irish Guards and Welsh Guards).
  11. ^ An exception took place on 17 September, when the UK's service chiefs – Admiral Sir Tony Radakin (Chief of the Defence Staff), Admiral Sir Ben Key (First Sea Lord and Chief of the Naval Staff), General Sir Patrick Sanders (Chief of the General Staff) and Air Chief Marshal Sir Michael Wigston (Chief of the Air Staff) – stood guard over the catafalque in place of four officers from the foot guards.[83]
  12. ^ The wreath contained rosemary, English oak and myrtle, and flowers in shades of gold, pink and deep burgundy, with touches of white.
  13. ^ Selections included Orlando Gibbons' "Fantasia of four parts", Vaughan Williams' "Romanza" from his Symphony No. 5, Peter Maxwell Davies' "Reliqui domum meum", Harold Darke's "Meditation on 'Brother James's Air'", Healey Willan's "Prelude on 'Ecce jam noctis'", Herbert Howells' "Psalm Prelude Set 1 No. 2", Charles Villiers Stanford's "In the Country, Op. 194 No. 2", Malcolm Williamson's "Fantasy on 'O Paradise'", and three works by Elgar: "Elegy, Op. 58", "Andante espressivo" from "Sonata in G Op. 28", and "Sospiri".[140]
  14. ^ The prayers were said by Iain Greenshields (Moderator of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland), Shermara Fletcher (Principal Officer for Pentecostal and Charismatic Relations, Churches Together in England), Sarah Mullally (Bishop of London and Dean of His Majesty's Chapels Royal), Helen Cameron (Moderator of the Free Churches Group), Vincent Nichols (Archbishop of Westminster), and Stephen Cottrell (Archbishop of York).
  15. ^ Besides those mentioned, the works sung at the service were "The day thou gavest, Lord, is ended" (St Clement), "The Lord's My Shepherd" (Crimond), "My soul, there is a country" by Hubert Parry, "Taste and see how gracious the Lord is" by Ralph Vaughan Williams, and "Love Divine, All Loves Excelling" (Blaenwern).
  16. ^ The other music was Psalm 121 to an arrangement by Sir Henry Walford Davies, sung as the Queen's coffin made its way through the chapel, the motet "Bring us, O Lord God, at our last awakening",[153][154] "All My Hope on God is Founded",[153] "Christ Is Made the Sure Foundation", and Bach's "Prelude and Fugue in C minor, BWV 546", played after the service.[153]
  17. ^ Music before the service included "Schmücke dich, o liebe Seele BWV 654", "O Traurigkeit, O Herzeleid", "Master Tallis's Testament", "Psalm Prelude Set 1, No. 1", "Psalm Prelude Set 1, No. 2", "Melody (Three Pieces)", "Andante Sostenuto (Symphonie Gothique, Op. 70)", "The Tree of Peace", "'Nimrod' (Variations On An Original Theme, Op.36)", "Prelude" by Sir William Henry Harris, "Sheep May Safely Graze, BWV 208", and "Rhosymedre".
  18. ^ The original coffin makers are now closed. It passed through the hands of two funeral directors before Leverton & Sons received it when they became undertakers to the Royal Family in 1991. The original coffin firm, Henry Smith, had also manufactured the coffin in which Prince Philip lies.[155][156]
  19. ^ The text of "A Welsh Prayer" is in English.[224]
  20. ^ New Brunswick, Newfoundland and Labrador, and Nova Scotia

References

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    • "Where to watch the Queen's funeral in Suffolk". BBC News. 13 September 2022. Retrieved 13 September 2022.
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April 17, 2023
death, state, funeral, elizabeth, september, 2022, elizabeth, queen, united, kingdom, other, commonwealth, realms, longest, reigning, british, monarch, died, balmoral, castle, aberdeenshire, scotland, queen, death, publicly, announced, succeeded, eldest, charl. On 8 September 2022 at 15 10 BST Elizabeth II Queen of the United Kingdom and the other Commonwealth realms and the longest reigning British monarch died at Balmoral Castle in Aberdeenshire Scotland at the age of 96 The Queen s death was publicly announced at 18 30 She was succeeded by her eldest son Charles III Death and state funeral of Elizabeth IITop to bottom left to right Crowds at Buckingham Palace following the death of Elizabeth II Floral tributes left outside the Sandringham Estate Images of the Queen flanking an escalator at Tottenham Court Road station The procession leaving Westminster Abbey after the state funeral Notice of the Queen s death posted at Holyrood Palace Elizabeth II lying in state at Westminster HallDate8 September 2022 7 months ago 2022 09 08 at 15 10 BST death 12 September 2022 2022 09 12 thanksgiving service 19 September 2022 2022 09 19 state funeral and interment LocationBalmoral Castle Aberdeenshire death St Giles Cathedral Edinburgh thanksgiving service Westminster Hall London lying in state Westminster Abbey London funeral King George VI Memorial Chapel St George s Chapel Windsor Castle resting place Coordinates57 2 27 N 3 13 48 W 57 04083 N 3 23000 W 57 04083 3 23000ParticipantsSee list of state funeral dignitariesThe death of the Queen set in motion Operation London Bridge a collection of plans including arrangements for her state funeral and supported by Operation Unicorn which set protocols for her death occurring in Scotland The United Kingdom observed a national mourning period of ten days The Queen s lying in state took place in Westminster Hall from 14 to 19 September during which time an estimated 250 000 people queued to pay their respects The Queen s state funeral on 19 September was the first held in Britain since that of Winston Churchill in 1965 A funeral service was held at Westminster Abbey followed by a procession to Wellington Arch that featured around 3 000 military personnel and was watched by around a million people in central London The state hearse then transported the Queen s coffin to Windsor followed by another procession through Windsor Great Park and a committal service at St George s Chapel at Windsor Castle The Queen was interred with her husband Philip in the King George VI Memorial Chapel later that evening in a private service attended only by her closest family The occasion of the Queen s state funeral was a public holiday in the UK and several Commonwealth states The state funeral was one of the United Kingdom s most watched special television broadcasts surpassing the wedding of Prince William and Catherine Middleton the previous most watched royal event of the 21st century Contents 1 Background 2 Death and national mourning 2 1 Death and announcement 2 2 Scottish events 2 3 Lying in state 2 3 1 The Queue 3 State funeral 3 1 Planning 3 2 Procession to Westminster Abbey 3 3 Funeral service 3 4 Processions in London and Windsor 3 5 Committal service 3 6 Interment 4 Organisation and media 4 1 Attendees 4 2 Security 4 3 Cost and economic impact 4 4 Coverage 4 4 1 United Kingdom 4 4 2 Commonwealth and other countries 4 4 3 Viewing figures 5 Succession and four nation tour 5 1 Accession 5 2 Four nation royal tour 5 3 Other activities 6 Reactions 7 Other commemorations 7 1 Antigua and Barbuda 7 2 Australia 7 3 Bahamas 7 4 Bhutan 7 5 Canada 7 6 Fiji 7 7 France 7 8 Hong Kong 7 9 Jamaica 7 10 Kenya 7 11 New Zealand 7 11 1 Cook Islands 7 11 2 Niue 7 12 Papua New Guinea 7 13 Saint Lucia 7 14 Slovakia 7 15 Solomon Islands 7 16 Sweden 7 17 United Kingdom 7 18 United States 8 See also 9 Notes 10 References 11 External linksBackground EditThe Queen was in good health for most of her life her health however declined after the death of her husband Prince Philip on 9 April 2021 1 She began to use a walking stick for public engagements in October 2021 2 On 20 October the Queen stayed overnight in King Edward VII s Hospital in central London necessitating the cancellation of scheduled visits to Northern Ireland and the COP26 summit in Glasgow She suffered a sprained back in November which prevented her from attending the 2021 National Service of Remembrance 3 4 5 6 In February 2022 during the COVID 19 pandemic in England the Queen was one of several people at Windsor Castle to test positive for COVID 19 7 8 Her symptoms were described as mild and cold like and she later commented that the disease does leave one very tired and exhausted 9 10 The monarch s health became a cause of concern to commentators at this time 11 12 The Queen was said to be feeling well enough to resume her official duties by 1 March 2022 and attended the service of thanksgiving for Prince Philip at Westminster Abbey on 29 March 13 14 Despite this the Queen did not attend several appointments over the following months including the annual Commonwealth Day service in March the Royal Maundy service in April the State Opening of Parliament in May and the National Service of Thanksgiving for her Platinum Jubilee in June 15 16 17 18 During the Jubilee the Queen also suffered discomfort after standing during Trooping the Colour and was largely confined to balcony appearances during the celebrations 19 According to her Apothecary in Scotland Dr Douglas Glass there had been private concerns about her health for several months before her death he was quoted in a later biography as saying It was expected and we were quite aware of what was going to happen 20 Two days before her death on 6 September 2022 the Queen accepted the resignation of Boris Johnson and appointed Liz Truss to succeed him as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom these meetings took place at Balmoral Castle rather than their usual location Buckingham Palace 21 On 7 September the Queen was scheduled to attend an online meeting of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom to swear in new ministers in Truss s government but this was cancelled after she was advised by doctors to rest 22 The Queen s final public statement issued that same day was a message of condolences for the victims of a mass stabbing incident in Saskatchewan Canada 23 Death and national mourning EditDeath and announcement Edit Death certificate issued for Elizabeth II The Queen died at 15 10 BST on 8 September 2022 at the age of 96 ending her 70 year reign According to her death certificate which was made public on 29 September she died of old age 1 Her death was publicly announced at 18 30 24 25 Elizabeth II was the first monarch to die in Scotland since James V of Scotland in 1542 26 27 Members of the royal family travelled to Balmoral Castle throughout the day Prince Charles arrived at 10 30 and was met by Princess Anne who was already staying with the Queen 28 29 Camilla Duchess of Cornwall also travelled to Balmoral from the Birkhall estate 28 Charles and Anne were by the Queen s side when she died 28 30 Prince William Prince Andrew Prince Edward and Sophie Countess of Wessex left RAF Northolt on a flight to Aberdeen Airport and arrived at Balmoral shortly after 17 00 Prince Harry who had travelled alone and departed later than the other family members arrived at Balmoral at 20 00 Catherine Duchess of Cambridge and Meghan Duchess of Sussex did not join them 28 29 31 32 33 Prime Minister Liz Truss is believed to have been informed of the Queen s declining health that morning by the Cabinet Secretary Simon Case and received an update at 12 00 34 35 The Leader of the Opposition Sir Keir Starmer was informed by a note passed to him by Deputy Leader Angela Rayner during a speech he was giving in the House of Commons a 36 37 38 At 12 30 Buckingham Palace made a public announcement expressing concern for the Queen s health the Speaker Sir Lindsay Hoyle made a brief statement of good wishes in response b 37 39 40 Truss was informed at 16 30 that the Queen had died and the royal family announced her death two hours later via newswires and a post on Twitter c 41 42 43 44 A notice with the same statement was affixed to the railings outside Buckingham Palace and posted on the royal family website 45 External video Announcement of the death of the Queen on the BBC s television channels read by Huw EdwardsBBC One continuously covered the Queen s condition from 12 40 after the first official statement special reports were also run on ITV Channel 4 and Channel 5 46 47 British television announcements of the Queen s death began at 18 31 when news presenter Huw Edwards read the royal family s statement during a live broadcast on the BBC News channel and BBC One At 18 32 the presenters of BBC Radio 4 and BBC Radio 5 Live made similar announcements 47 At around 18 36 all BBC Radio stations had interrupted programming with a news report read by Chris Aldridge to announce the Queen s death 48 After the announcement the Union Flags at Buckingham Palace and 10 Downing Street were lowered to half mast 49 50 At Balmoral Castle the Royal Standard of the United Kingdom was lowered and then because the new king was present was raised again The Royal Banner of Scotland was lowered to half mast at the Palace of Holyroodhouse as was the Welsh flag at Cardiff Castle 50 51 Scottish events Edit That the Queen died in Scotland meant that Operation Unicorn was the first part of Operation London Bridge to take effect 52 Her body was taken to Edinburgh where ceremonies were held then to London for the state funeral The Queen s coffin left Balmoral Castle at 10 46 on 11 September draped with the Scottish version of the Royal Standard of the United Kingdom and topped with a wreath of flowers from the castle gardens d 53 54 The journey of the cortege which included Princess Anne and Sir Timothy Laurence was 175 miles 282 km long and passed through Aberdeenshire Aberdeen Angus Dundee Perth and Kinross and Fife 55 56 People lined the route of the cortege to pay their respects and in Aberdeenshire farmers formed a guard of honour of tractors 57 58 The cortege reached the Palace of Holyroodhouse at 16 23 and the coffin was placed in the Throne Room 55 56 59 The coffin was made from oak and was lined with lead reportedly weighing 245 kg 540 lb 60 The Queen s coffin arrives in Edinburgh on 11 September On 12 September the Queen s coffin was carried up the Royal Mile to St Giles Cathedral in a procession that included the King Princess Anne and Timothy Laurence Prince Andrew Prince Edward the Bearer Party from the Royal Regiment of Scotland and the Royal Company of Archers 59 61 62 63 The Queen Consort and the Countess of Wessex and Forfar followed closely in their car 64 Guns were fired every minute from Edinburgh Castle during the procession 61 On arrival the coffin was carried into the cathedral and the Crown of Scotland was placed on it 65 A service of thanksgiving was then held to celebrate the Queen s life and to highlight her association with Scotland 66 61 62 The service was led by the minister of St Giles Cathedral the Reverend Calum Macleod and the homily given by the Moderator of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland the Reverend Dr Iain Greenshields e 68 Psalm 118 was sung in Gaelic by Karen Matheson 69 It was attended by the royal party politicians including Liz Truss and Nicola Sturgeon and representatives from the Queen s Scottish charities and organisations 61 The Queen s coffin lay at rest at the cathedral for 24 hours guarded by the Royal Company of Archers which allowed around 33 000 people to file past the coffin 66 70 In the evening the King Princess Anne Prince Andrew and Prince Edward held a vigil at the cathedral a custom known as the Vigil of the Princes Princess Anne was the first woman to participate 66 71 On 13 September the Queen s coffin was taken by hearse to Edinburgh Airport and flown to RAF Northolt on a Royal Air Force C 17 Globemaster accompanied by Princess Anne and Sir Timothy Laurence 72 The Royal Air Force Bearer Party carried the coffin onto the aircraft and a Guard of Honour was formed by the Royal Regiment of Scotland 73 During the journey the Scottish version of the Royal Standard that draped the coffin was replaced by the Royal Standard that is used in the remainder of the United Kingdom 74 Lying in state Edit Upon the Queen s arrival in London she was transported to Buckingham Palace before being moved to Westminster Hall the following day for her lying in state before the state funeral The Queen s coffin being taken from Buckingham Palace to Westminster Hall on a horse drawn gun carriage When the Queen arrived at RAF Northolt the Queen s Colour Squadron 63 Squadron RAF Regiment assumed the role of the Bearer Party and formed the Guard of Honour 73 The coffin was placed in the state hearse and transported through London to Buckingham Palace with people lining the street to watch 73 75 The coffin was then placed in the Bow Room at Buckingham Palace in the presence of the royal family f 75 76 The Queen s coffin was taken in a military procession from Buckingham Palace to Westminster Hall on a horse drawn gun carriage of the King s Troop Royal Horse Artillery g The King male members of the royal family and Princess Anne followed the coffin on foot h 77 78 79 This procession as well the other processions held later in London and Windsor marched at the funeral pace of 75 steps per minute and was accompanied by military bands playing marches by Johann Heinrich Walch Felix Mendelssohn and Frederic Chopin 80 77 81 Big Ben tolled each minute of the procession and minute guns were fired from Hyde Park by the King s Troop Royal Horse Artillery 77 82 Members of the three armed forces formed a guard of honour to receive the coffin at Parliament Square after which soldiers from the Queen s Company 1st Battalion Grenadier Guards placed the coffin on a catafalque in Westminster Hall 77 The Archbishop of Canterbury and the Dean of Westminster then conducted a service in the presence of the royal family 66 Elizabeth II lying in state at Westminster Hall The Queen lay in state in Westminster Hall from 17 00 on 14 September to 06 30 on 19 September 66 The coffin was guarded by members of both the Sovereign s Bodyguard i and the Household Division j k The Imperial State Crown and a wreath of flowers and foliage from Balmoral and Windsor castles had been placed on the coffin before the procession and to these were added the Sovereign s Orb and the Sovereign s Sceptre with Cross the Wanamaker Cross of Westminster was placed at its head and the regimental flag of The Queen s Company of The Grenadier Guards at its foot 84 85 An estimated 250 000 members of the public filed past the coffin as did politicians and other public figures 86 87 Both the BBC and ITV offered a livestream of the Queen lying in state 88 89 On 16 September a 28 year old man was arrested under the Public Order Act after he ran from the queue inside Westminster Hall and touched the coffin 90 91 In the evening of 16 September the King and his siblings held a vigil around the Queen s coffin for approximately ten minutes and on 17 September the Queen s eight grandchildren did the same 92 93 Prince Andrew and Prince Harry were permitted to wear military uniform on these occasions who as non working royals had not done at previous ceremonial events 94 95 92 On 18 September pipers at four different locations in Scotland played The Immortal Memory at 18 00 96 At 20 00 a minute s silence was observed across the UK 97 The Queue Edit Main article The Queue The route of the Queue along the River Thames The front was in Westminster Hall left and at its greatest extent the back was in Southwark Park right Two queues were formed to view the lying in state beginning 48 hours before Westminster Hall opened to the public 98 At its maximum extent the main queue was approximately 10 miles 16 km long and had a waiting time of over 25 hours 99 100 This queue attracted much media attention with many commentators noting the stereotype that British people are good at queueing 101 102 103 104 The accessible queue for people with a disability or long term condition operated a ticket system and was therefore shorter 105 The queue experience was generally perceived to be positive however there was an allegation of a man committing sexual assault by exposing himself and some heckling of queuers 106 107 108 The London Ambulance Service also had to assist 710 people mainly due to head injuries from fainting 109 110 State funeral EditPlanning Edit Further information Operation London Bridge Signage alerting passersby about the closure of Sainsbury s and Argos stores on 19 September Plans for the Queen s death had existed in some form since the 1960s and the Queen was consulted about all the details included in her funeral plan 111 112 The Earl Marshal was in charge of organising the event 112 The planning and complexity of the funeral was compared to that of Winston Churchill in 1965 the last state funeral held in Britain and also a major international event 113 114 115 116 It marked the first time that a monarch s funeral service had been held at Westminster Abbey since George II in 1760 114 117 The Foreign Office handled the invitations communications and security arrangements from a headquarters called The Hangar redeploying 300 staff to manage the task 118 500 foreign dignitaries and heads of state were expected to attend Invitations were issued to every country with which Britain maintains diplomatic relations except for Russia Belarus and Myanmar Syria Venezuela and Afghanistan were not invited 116 119 The timing of the funeral allowed guests who planned to address the general debate of the UN General Assembly the following day sufficient time to fly to New York City 116 The day of the funeral was a bank holiday in the United Kingdom 114 115 Many businesses workplaces and educational establishments closed for the day including major supermarkets and the London Stock Exchange 120 121 122 123 In the National Health Service several trusts chose to cancel or reschedule all non urgent appointments 124 125 126 Several food banks announced that they would close on the day of the funeral though some remained open after facing public backlash 127 128 Hotel prices increased in the days before the funeral in London 129 Extra train services were made available across the country to allow people to travel to and from London and pay their respects for the lying in state and funeral service 130 131 132 Westminster City Council deployed its Clean Streets team to clean up different areas within central London 129 Procession to Westminster Abbey Edit The Queen s coffin on the State Gun Carriage of the Royal Navy during the procession to Westminster Abbey At 10 44 on 19 September the Queen s coffin was moved from Westminster Hall to Westminster Abbey on the State Gun Carriage of the Royal Navy 133 The carriage was drawn by Royal Navy sailors known as Naval Ratings maintaining a tradition which began at the state funeral of Queen Victoria 134 The King members of the royal family and members of the King s household walked behind 135 114 136 Non working royals including the Duke of York and the Duke of Sussex did not wear military uniforms for the state funeral and the committal service A wreath with foliage cut from the gardens of Buckingham Palace Highgrove House and Clarence House was placed on the coffin together with a note from the King which read In loving and devoted memory Charles R l 137 Before the service the tenor bell of the Abbey rang once a minute for 96 minutes once for each year of the Queen s life 138 The coffin arrived at Westminster Abbey at 10 52 139 Funeral service Edit Music by British composers was played before the service and as the coffin entered the abbey the choir sang the five sentences set to music m 138 The service began at 11 00 and was conducted by the Dean of Westminster David Hoyle according to the 1662 Book of Common Prayer 141 138 142 The lessons were read by Baroness Scotland Secretary General of the Commonwealth and Liz Truss Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and the sermon and commendation were given by the Archbishop of Canterbury Justin Welby 138 143 Prayers were said by clergy from several Christian denominations 144 n The music included the psalm setting Like as the hart by Judith Weir and the anthem Who shall separate us by James MacMillan both written for the funeral as well as pieces performed at the Queen s coronation and wedding o The Choir of Westminster Abbey and Choir of the Chapel Royal led the singing and were conducted by James O Donell 140 The end of the service included a sounding of the Last Post and a two minute silence which was concluded with the Reveille 139 The National Anthem followed by the bagpipe lament Sleep dearie sleep marked the end of the ceremony 138 The Allegro maestoso from Elgar s Organ Sonata in G was played after the service 140 Processions in London and Windsor Edit Representatives from Canada Australia and New Zealand during the procession to Wellington Arch Two processions followed the service The first was from Westminster Abbey to Wellington Arch where the Queen s coffin was placed in the state hearse From there it was transported to Windsor where the second procession took place through Windsor Great Park The procession in London began at 12 15 and included around 3 000 military personnel stretching for over a mile It began at the abbey and passed down Whitehall through Horse Guards up The Mall past Buckingham Palace and up Constitution Hill to end at the Wellington Arch near Hyde Park Around a million people lined the streets of central London to watch the event 145 At the front of the procession were representatives of Commonwealth forces led by members of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police on horseback then representatives of the Royal Air Force the British Army and the Royal Navy and Royal Marines followed by defence staff and armed forces chaplains officers of arms and the royal household 146 The Queen s coffin followed again on the State Gun Carriage pulled by Royal Navy sailors and surrounded by an escort party 146 The King and royal family members were next some marching and some in cars with a further escort and the household of the former Prince of Wales behind 146 At the rear of the procession were representatives of civilian services 146 The King the Princess Royal the Duke of York the Earl of Wessex the Prince of Wales the Duke of Sussex Peter Phillips the Earl of Snowdon and the Duke of Gloucester walk behind Queen Elizabeth II s coffin Sir Timothy Laurence was also in the procession but is not seen in this image Seven military bands were dispersed through the procession and again played funeral marches 146 147 Big Ben tolled each minute and minute guns were fired from Hyde Park by the King s Troop Royal Horse Artillery 139 Standards were lowered and those in the procession gave salutes as they passed the Cenotaph At Buckingham Palace the King s Guard gave a royal salute to the Victoria Memorial and Palace staff waited outside the gates 133 148 At Wellington Arch the coffin was transferred with a royal salute to the state hearse for the journey to Windsor 139 The hearse left London for Windsor at 13 30 accompanied by Princess Anne and Timothy Laurence travelling on A roads rather than motorways to allow the public to line the route 149 150 At 15 00 the coffin arrived in Windsor where a final procession involving 1 000 military personnel took place down the Long Walk to St George s Chapel 151 139 Around 97 000 people lined the route 151 145 The Queen s fell pony Emma and two royal corgis Muick and Sandy stood at the side of the procession 152 The King and royal family joined the procession in the Quadrangle during which Sebastopol Bell and the Curfew Tower bell tolled and the King s Troop Royal Horse Artillery fired minute guns from the East Lawn of the castle 139 At the end of the procession the coffin was taken to St George s Chapel via the West Steps with the guard of honour formed by the 1st Battalion Grenadier Guards 139 Committal service Edit The committal service began at 16 00 in the presence of 800 guests largely made up of the royal household and staff from the Queen s private estates but also including the royal family governors general and prime ministers from the Commonwealth realms and members of foreign royal houses 114 139 151 The Choir of St George s Chapel led the music which included the Russian Kontakion of the Departed also sung at the funeral of Prince Philip p 153 A selection of music was also played before the service 153 154 q The Dean of Windsor who conducted the service read the bidding the readings and the commendation 114 153 154 139 The first reading was Revelation 21 verses 1 7 which was also included in the order of service for the funerals of Elizabeth s grandparents and father 153 The Rector of Sandringham the Minister of Crathie Kirk and the Chaplain of Windsor Great Park delivered the prayers and the Archbishop of Canterbury gave the concluding blessing 139 Near the end of the service the Imperial State Crown orb and sceptre were removed from the coffin and placed on the altar 112 139 153 The King then placed the Queen s Company Camp Colour of the Grenadier Guards on his mother s coffin before the Lord Chamberlain symbolically broke his wand of office and also placed its halves atop the coffin 139 154 After this the Garter Principal King of Arms recited the styles of Elizabeth II and Charles III between which a lament A Salute to the Royal Fendersmith was played by the Sovereign s Piper as the Queen s coffin was lowered into the Royal Vault The singing of the National Anthem marked the end of the ceremony 139 154 Interment Edit After the funeral of the Queen on 19 September she was later interred beneath the King George VI Memorial Chapel in a private service attended only by her closest family at 19 30 alongside her father King George VI her mother Queen Elizabeth and the ashes of her sister Princess Margaret The remains of Prince Philip who was temporarily interred in the Royal Vault following his funeral in 2021 were moved to the chapel after the interment of the Queen 148 151 Elizabeth II s coffin was constructed more than 30 years before the funeral 155 156 r It is made of English oak and lined with lead to protect the coffin and the remains from moisture damage Due to the weight of the coffin eight pallbearers were required for lifting and carrying rather than the usual six 155 156 Organisation and media EditAttendees Edit Main article List of dignitaries at the state funeral of Elizabeth II Map showing the countries from which at least one representative attended the funeral The service at Westminster Abbey was attended by 2 000 people in total including holders of the George Cross and Victoria Cross representatives from the United Kingdom s faith communities and foreign and Commonwealth heads of state and heads of government 138 151 157 Representatives from 168 countries out of 193 UN member states and two UN observer states confirmed attendance including 18 monarchs 55 presidents and 25 prime ministers 151 157 Due to the limited number of seats foreign invitees were asked to keep their delegations as small as possible and to only bring their spouses 158 The UK government also requested those travelling by air to use commercial flights private flights were directed away from Heathrow Airport 158 Additionally the government asked guests not to use private cars to travel to Westminster Abbey and instead use government provided coach transport from a central assembly point 158 This was only guidance leaders including the President of the United States Joe Biden the President of Israel Isaac Herzog and the Vice President of China Wang Qishan were taken to the event through other means 118 159 Many dignitaries were present for a reception by the King at Buckingham Palace on the eve of the funeral and all international guests were invited to attend a reception hosted by the Foreign Secretary James Cleverly after the funeral service 118 158 Almost 200 people recognised in the 2022 Queen s Birthday Honours for their extraordinary contributions in areas including the response to the COVID 19 pandemic were invited to the service 160 Security Edit Police officers from Wales on duty in Sloane Square London before the funeral Around 10 000 police officers were expected to be on duty every day in London during the mourning period a security operation described by the Metropolitan Police as the biggest the UK has ever seen officers from across the country supported the operation under mutual aid agreements 161 162 163 Thames Valley Police announced that they would introduce new water patrols for observing busy waterways in the lead up to the funeral and mounted police officers police dogs and drones provided part of the security in Windsor 163 164 165 166 Prior to the service a special unit the Fixated Threat Assessment Centre began to monitor and review individuals identified as having a potentially dangerous obsession with the British royal family 167 MI5 and GCHQ worked in collaboration with counter terrorism police and the Metropolitan Police to provide security for the funeral 168 A group of 1 500 military personnel was also deployed and Westminster was inspected by a military Wildcat helicopter 168 Hundreds of stewards from private security firms were hired to aid crowd management 168 Cost and economic impact Edit The total cost of the funeral has not been published but it is expected to exceed the 5 4 million paid for the funeral of Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother 169 The UK s economy as measured by GDP contracted by 0 6 per cent in September 2022 attributable in part due to Elizabeth s funeral and the period of national mourning that preceded it 170 Coverage EditThe funeral and committal service of the Queen were the first to be broadcast to the public 171 Filming had been prohibited during the state funeral of George VI although the procession of his coffin was partially televised 172 Temporary stands set up for broadcasters across the road from Westminster Abbey United Kingdom Edit The funeral was broadcast by the BBC ITV and Sky with the latter two simulcasting the service on all of their channels and not showing advertisements 173 174 175 The BBC Two broadcast included British Sign Language interpretation 176 BBC Radio broadcast events on Radio 2 3 4 5 Live the World Service and its Local Radio network 177 178 179 Global s radio brands also broadcast their own coverage 180 Channel 5 was the only major public service network that did not air the Queen s funeral 181 Big screens were set up at cathedrals and public areas to broadcast the service 182 Shops licensed establishments parish and public halls remained open in Jersey to allow people to watch the Queen s funeral 183 Buckingham Palace requested that video footage did not intrude on the grief of individual members of the royal family that footage of the funeral be avoided from usage on entertainment programmes and allowed only for news coverage and that five short pieces of video featuring members of the royal family would not be broadcast again 184 Commonwealth and other countries Edit The funeral was broadcast live in Australia The Bahamas Canada India Mauritius New Zealand Singapore South Africa and Sri Lanka 185 The funeral was also carried live by dozens of broadcasters in most of Europe and across the world 186 187 Viewing figures Edit Sailors on board HMS Queen Elizabeth watching the funeral The television broadcast was the second most watched broadcast during the 21st century in the United Kingdom after the prime ministerial statement on COVID 19 during the lockdown and the third most watched royal event in British history surpassing the wedding of Prince William and Catherine Middleton and approaching the weddings of Prince Charles and Lady Diana Spencer and Princess Anne and Mark Philips 188 189 Succession and four nation tour EditAccession Edit Main articles Proclamation of accession of Charles III and Coronation of Charles III and Camilla Upon the Queen s death her eldest child Charles Prince of Wales immediately acceded to the British throne as King Charles III 45 190 There was some speculation regarding the regnal name that would be adopted by the former Prince of Wales upon succeeding his mother During her formal televised address outside 10 Downing Street Prime Minister Liz Truss made the first mention of the King s regnal name during a tribute to the Queen 191 Clarence House officially confirmed the new King would be known as Charles III shortly after the Prime Minister s address Buckingham Palace released the King s first official statement as monarch at 19 04 The death of my beloved Mother Her Majesty The Queen is a moment of the greatest sadness for me and all members of my family We mourn profoundly the passing of a cherished Sovereign and a much loved Mother I know her loss will be deeply felt throughout the country the Realms and the Commonwealth and by countless people around the world During this period of mourning and change my family and I will be comforted and sustained by our knowledge of the respect and deep affection in which The Queen was so widely held King Charles III in an official press statement 192 Most of Charles III s pre accession Scottish titles as well as the title Duke of Cornwall were passed to his elder son and the new heir apparent to the throne Prince William Duke of Cambridge On 9 September William was named Prince of Wales and Earl of Chester succeeding his father 193 The press covering the Accession Council outside St James s Palace The Accession Council assembled on 10 September at St James s Palace to formally proclaim the accession of Charles III 194 Although about seven hundred people were eligible to attend the ceremony because the event was planned on such short notice the number in attendance was two hundred 195 In addition to other formalities the Council confirmed Charles III as the King s regnal name 196 At 11 00 21 gun salutes at the Tower of London Cardiff Castle Edinburgh Castle Castle Cornet Gibraltar and naval bases and ships at sea marked the accession of Charles III 197 198 199 The King greeted crowds outside Buckingham Palace after the ceremony 200 On 10 September senior MPs swore an oath of allegiance to Charles III in a special session of Parliament 201 The King then met with the Prime Minister for a second time and held audiences with members of her cabinet and leaders of the opposition parties 202 The coronation of Charles III and Camilla is expected to take place on 6 May 2023 at Westminster Abbey 203 No plans have been announced for William to be invested as Prince of Wales Four nation royal tour Edit King Charles III and Queen Camilla travelled from Balmoral to Buckingham Palace where they greeted the crowd of mourners outside the gates 204 The King then held an audience with the Prime Minister before paying tribute to his mother in a publicly broadcast message 205 206 In Charles s first address as King he stated that a national period of mourning would be observed until the day after the state funeral 19 September and an additional seven days would be observed by the royal family royal household and troops on ceremonial duties 207 208 On 11 September the King met the Commonwealth Secretary General at Buckingham Palace after which he hosted the High Commissioners of Commonwealth realms 66 King Charles III addressing the Scottish Parliament following his accession On 12 September the King travelled to Westminster Hall with the Queen Consort to receive condolences from the House of Commons and the House of Lords and to give a speech to both houses 61 209 He and the Queen Consort then travelled to the Palace of Holyroodhouse in Edinburgh where they greeted members of the public and viewed floral tributes before the King inspected the Guard of Honour from the Royal Regiment of Scotland 61 210 The Ceremony of the Keys followed 61 The King then had an audience at Holyroodhouse with the First Minister of Scotland Nicola Sturgeon and the Presiding Officer of the Scottish Parliament Alison Johnstone 66 62 The King and the Queen Consort visited the Scottish Parliament to receive a motion of condolence and observed a two minute silence with MSPs 210 62 211 On 13 September the King and the Queen Consort travelled to Northern Ireland where they met with members of the public in Royal Hillsborough before arriving at the Castle 212 213 The King met the Secretary of State for Northern Ireland Chris Heaton Harris and party leaders and the Speaker of the Northern Ireland Assembly Alex Maskey delivered a message of condolence 214 66 215 The King and the Queen Consort also met with major faith leaders in Northern Ireland 214 216 A service of reflection was held in St Anne s Cathedral in Belfast on 13 September where John McDowell the Archbishop of Armagh and head of the Church of Ireland paid tribute to the Queen for her efforts in bringing peace to Ireland 214 The service was attended by the King and Queen Consort the Prime Minister the President of Ireland Michael D Higgins and the Taoiseach Micheal Martin 217 214 216 A delegation from the republican Sinn Fein also attended but the party did not take part in any events marking the accession 218 King Charles III being driven in his state car after visiting Cardiff Castle On 16 September the King and Queen Consort visited Cardiff Castle where a royal gun salute was fired and crowds gathered inside 219 A silent protest against the monarchy was held outside by groups including trade unions and Labour for an Independent Wales 220 219 An audience was held for the First Minister of Wales and the Llywydd or Presiding Officer of the Senedd 219 221 A service of prayer and reflection for the life of the Queen was held at Llandaff Cathedral on 16 September and attended by the King and Queen Consort The Bishop of Llandaff and leaders of other faiths said the prayers and the Archbishop of Wales delivered an address in both English and Welsh 222 219 The service included the singing of Welsh hymns and anthems 219 223 The choir accompanied by harpists Alis Huws and Catrin Finch performed the anthem A Welsh Prayer composed by Paul Mealor with words by Grahame Davies 223 s At the Senedd the King received a motion of condolence before addressing the parliament in Welsh and English 225 219 At Cardiff Castle the King had audiences with the First Minister of Wales Mark Drakeford and the Llywydd Elin Jones 219 221 At the castle they also held audiences with individuals associated with their royal patronages before meeting with members of the public in the castle grounds 225 Returning to London the King met leaders of different faith communities at Buckingham Palace 226 On 17 September the King met with the Defence Chiefs of Staff at Buckingham Palace and received the Prime Ministers of Australia the Bahamas Canada Jamaica and New Zealand 227 The governors general of the Commonwealth realms attended a reception and lunch at Buckingham Palace hosted by the King and other members of the royal family 227 The King met emergency services workers at the Metropolitan Police s Special Operations Room in Lambeth who were organising aspects of the Queen s state funeral 227 228 He also visited The Queue with Prince William to speak to its participants 229 On 18 September the King met the prime ministers of Tuvalu Antigua and Barbuda and Papua New Guinea at Buckingham Palace 230 A reception for world leaders was held at Buckingham Palace 231 Other activities Edit On 10 September a service at Crathie Kirk was attended by Anne and her husband Sir Timothy Laurence Andrew Edward and his wife Sophie and the Queen s grandchildren Peter Phillips Zara Tindall Beatrice Eugenie and Louise Windsor who then viewed floral tributes outside Balmoral 232 233 The King s sons William and Harry along with their wives Catherine and Meghan viewed floral tributes outside Windsor Castle 234 On 15 September members of the royal family viewed tributes and met crowds around the UK The Prince and Princess of Wales visited Sandringham House the Earl and Countess of Wessex visited Manchester and Princess Anne and Sir Timothy Laurence travelled to Glasgow 235 236 On 16 September the Prince and Princess of Wales visited the Army Training Centre Pirbright to meet with troops deployed from Canada Australia and New Zealand that would take part in the state funeral 237 The Earl and Countess of Wessex met with members of the public and viewed tributes at Windsor Castle 238 On 17 September the Earl and Countess of Wessex met with crowds outside Buckingham Palace 228 On 18 September the Princess of Wales held an audience with Olena Zelenska the First Lady of Ukraine 230 239 On 22 September the Prince and Princess of Wales visited the Windsor Guildhall and the Princess Royal visited HMNB Portsmouth respectively to thank volunteers and staff and the Royal Navy for their role in organising the state funeral 240 241 Reactions EditMain article Reactions to the death of Elizabeth II The Union Flag flown at half mast at Buckingham Palace Charles III paid tribute to his darling Mama in an address to the UK and Commonwealth on 9 September 242 243 On 9 September all flags at royal residences were ordered to be lowered to half mast except the Royal Standard which continued to fly at full mast wherever the current monarch was in residence 207 All royal residences were closed to the public until after the state funeral had occurred 207 An online book of condolence was set up by the royal website 207 In a written statement on 18 September the King thanked the public for their support and a previously unseen photograph of the Queen from May 2022 was published by the Palace 244 245 On 9 September the UK government published guidance on details surrounding the national mourning period stating that businesses public service sports fixtures and public venues were not obliged to close 205 A 96 gun salute was fired in Hyde Park by the King s Troop Royal Horse Artillery at the Tower of London by the Honourable Artillery Company at Edinburgh Castle by the Royal Artillery at Cardiff Castle and Stonehenge by the 104th Regiment Royal Artillery at Caernarfon Castle at York Museum Gardens and on board Royal Navy ships 205 207 246 247 Bells tolled at Westminster Abbey St Paul s Cathedral and other churches across the UK 246 248 249 250 Australia 251 The Bahamas 252 and Canada 253 At Windsor Castle the Sebastopol Bell which is only rung to mark the deaths of senior royals tolled 96 times to mark the years of the Queen s life 254 A copy of the Philippine Senate s resolution of condolence for the death of the Queen being handed to the British Ambassador Laure Beaufils Politicians throughout the Commonwealth paid tribute to the Queen praising her long public service 255 Motions of condolences were also passed in the legislatures of Australia 256 257 Canada 258 259 New Zealand 260 and Sri Lanka 261 262 A resolution of condolence was also passed in the Senate of the Philippines which was later handed over to the British ambassador 263 Other political figures in the rest of the world also offered their condolences and tributes as did members of royal families religious leaders and other public figures 264 A service of prayer and mourning was held at St Paul s Cathedral at 18 00 on 9 September attended by senior politicians and 2 000 members of the public 205 The ceremony marked the first official rendition of God Save the King under Charles s reign 265 Many organisations paid their respects and some suspended operations or cancelled events 266 267 BBC ITV Channel 4 and Channel 5 British TV channel interrupted television programming to cover the news while print media dedicated entire front covers in tribute 268 269 Sporting events that went ahead held minute silences 270 Other commemorations Edit The flag of Sudan at half mast following the death of the Queen Brandenburg Gate illuminated with the Union Flag on 16 September as a tribute to the Queen Floral tributes to Elizabeth II at the British Embassy in Berlin Instructions to fly national flags at half mast were issued in several countries In Commonwealth realms like Antigua and Barbuda Australia the Bahamas Belize Canada Grenada Jamaica New Zealand Papua New Guinea Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Lucia Saint Vincent and the Grenadines and Solomon Islands national flags were flown at half mast until the date of the funeral with the exception of Proclamation Day when flags were returned to full mast 286 Several other countries also issued instructions to fly their national flags at half mast including Sri Lanka the United States and many European Union buildings 287 288 White flags were also put up in Galle Face Green and other prominent places throughout Sri Lanka 289 Several Commonwealth countries also declared the Queen s funeral or a specific day as a national holiday including Antigua and Barbuda 290 Australia The Bahamas 291 Belize 295 Canada the Cook Islands 296 Nauru 297 New Zealand Niue 298 Papua New Guinea 299 and Sri Lanka 300 In addition to the service in the United Kingdom memorial services were held in other Commonwealth realms including Belize Grenada and Tuvalu 301 302 non primary source needed 303 304 305 Thanksgiving and memorial services were also held in Anglican churches across the world including Holy Trinity Cathedral in Accra 306 307 St Andrew s Church at Bandar Seri Begawan in Brunei 308 Cathedral of Christ the Living Saviour in Colombo 309 St John s Cathedral in Hong Kong 310 311 and All Saints Cathedral in Nairobi 312 Many landmarks were illuminated in either purple or royal blue colours to honour the Queen or illuminated with the name or image of Elizabeth II her royal cypher or the Union Flag 313 including landmarks in Australia 314 315 Bosnia and Herzegovina 316 Brazil 317 Canada 318 the Czech Republic 287 Germany 317 Israel 319 Kuwait 317 New Zealand the United Arab Emirates 320 the United Kingdom 325 and the United States 317 287 Several landmarks in Canada France New Zealand and the United Kingdom were also dimmed or had their lighting shut off as a sign of respect 330 Moments of silence were held across several Commonwealth realms Several institutions also held moments of silence including the Dail Eireann 331 the Parliament of Sri Lanka 332 and by the Airborne Commemorations Foundation in the Netherlands 333 Flowers tributes and wreaths were left at British embassies including Berlin and Jakarta 334 Antigua and Barbuda Edit Antigua and Barbuda hosted a service of thanksgiving in honour of the late Queen of Antigua and Barbuda on 19 September which was declared a public holiday throughout the country The Governor General s Deputy Sir Clare Roberts and the Acting Prime Minister Steadroy Benjamin presided in the absence of Sir Rodney Williams and Gaston Browne who were both present at the Queen s state funeral in London The service took place at the Cathedral of St John The Divine and was officiated by Dwane Cassius Dean of the Cathedral of the Anglican Diocese of the North East Caribbean and Aruba The service was followed by a parade of members of the Antigua and Barbuda Defence Force and the Royal Police Force of Antigua and Barbuda 335 The parade commenced from the Long Street entrance of the cathedral and concluded at the APUA Telephone Exchange where the parade was dismissed 336 Australia Edit A 96 gun salute was fired by Australia s Federation Guard on the forecourt of Parliament House in Canberra on 9 September to mark the passing of the Queen of Australia 337 Sydney Opera House illuminated in the Queen s honour on 10 September Monuments and landmarks across the country were lit up to honour the Queen The Sydney Opera House was illuminated with an image of Queen Elizabeth II on the nights of 9 and 10 September as a symbolic gesture on behalf of the Government of New South Wales 315 The Australian Parliament House was lit up with images of the Queen throughout her seven decade reign reflecting her long and deep relationship with Australia 338 Landmarks across Perth and Melbourne were illuminated in royal purple in honour of the Queen 339 340 A national memorial service for the Queen took place on 22 September at Parliament House in Canberra The National Day of Mourning was observed as a one off public holiday One minute s silence was observed at 11 00 across Australia 341 342 Plans were announced for a new public square in central Sydney bearing the late Queen s name 343 Bahamas Edit A state memorial service for Elizabeth II Queen of the Bahamas was held at Christ Church Cathedral in Nassau on 2 October 344 A procession of parliamentarians and law enforcement officers preceded the service which started at Rawson Square Bay Street Governor General Sir Cornelius A Smith and Prime Minister Philip Davis were among those who addressed the congregation 345 346 Bhutan Edit Upon royal command special prayers were performed in all major dzongs temples and monasteries across Bhutan 347 King Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck and Queen Jetsun Pema offered 1 000 butterlamps at Samtse on 9 September for Elizabeth II Special prayers to offer light called marme moenlam were held at the ceremony which was attended by the prime minister government officials and thousands of people in Samtse Thongdrels of Guru Rinpoche and Zhabdrung were unfurled for the ceremony to sanctify the important occasion 347 In Thimphu former King Jigme Singye and members of the royal family were joined by government officials and foreign dignitaries to offer 1 000 butter lamps and prayers at the Grand Kuenrey of the Tashichhodzong 347 Canada Edit A book of condolence for the Queen in the Manitoba Legislative Building Various locations were illuminated in honour of the late Queen of Canada as a part of the Department of Canadian Heritage s national illumination initiative 318 The Canadian government also announced a donation of C 20 million to the Queen Elizabeth Scholars program a program that funds Canadian university exchange programs 348 Prime Minister Justin Trudeau announced that the date of the Queen s funeral would be a holiday for federal government employees 349 350 Among the Canadian provinces and territories Prince Edward Island was the only one to declare the date of Elizabeth II s funeral a statutory holiday 349 351 352 Alberta the Northwest Territories Saskatchewan Manitoba Ontario and Quebec declared a day of mourning or commemoration instead of a holiday 350 353 In the remaining provinces and territories government offices closed some also closed schools t and observance was optional for private sector businesses 350 351 354 The Retail Council of Canada and Canadian Federation of Independent Business were against making the funeral a statutory paid holiday 355 356 In memory of the Queen dog group Ottawa Corgis marched with the Sons of Scotland Pipe Band on 18 September from Major s Hill Park to the Royal Display 357 358 The memorial parade before the Canadian commemorative ceremony A national commemorative ceremony for Elizabeth II took place at the Christ Church Cathedral in Ottawa on 19 September which was broadcast live on television as well as on social media The ceremony was preceded by a parade of the Canadian Armed Forces and Royal Canadian Mounted Police through downtown Ottawa from Cartier Square Drill Hall and past Parliament Hill to the Cathedral with a 96 gun salute 359 A flypast by the Royal Canadian Air Force was cancelled due to inclement weather 360 The congregation was addressed by former Governor General Adrienne Clarkson as well as former Prime Minister Brian Mulroney 360 Gun salute in honour of the Queen on the grounds of the Manitoba Legislative Building Provincial commemorative services took place in several Canadian provinces on 19 September in Alberta 361 British Columbia 362 Manitoba 363 New Brunswick 364 Newfoundland and Labrador 365 Nova Scotia 366 Prince Edward Island 367 and Saskatchewan 368 In Ontario a memorial service was held in Toronto on 20 September 369 370 Two memorial services in Quebec were organized by the Anglican Church rather than the provincial government which were attended by Lieutenant Governor Michel Doyon 371 Moments of silence were held across several provinces on 19 September with several transit operators having paused their operations for 96 seconds to coincide with the provincial moment of silence 372 373 374 Two British made bronze cannons from 1810 were fired in Westmount Quebec in honour of Elizabeth II 375 In December 2022 the Royal Canadian Mint introduced a commemorative C 2 coin with a black outer ring meant to symbolise mourning for the Queen The Mint produced an initial batch of five million C 2 coins for circulation with further batches to be made as marketplace needs allow 376 In January 2023 the Mint announced the launch of a new series of limited edition silver gold and platinum collectible coins in honour of Elizabeth II 377 Fiji Edit The Holy Trinity Anglican Cathedral in Suva hosted a special Service of Remembrance and Thanksgiving on 16 September in memory of the Queen The service was attended by hundreds including President Ratu Wiliame Katonivere and First Lady Filomena Parliament Speaker Ratu Epeli Nailatikau Minister for Health Ifereimi Waqainabete former Prime Minister Sitiveni Rabuka Police Commissioner Brigadier General Sitiveni Qiliho Head of the Catholic Church in Fiji Archbishop Peter Loy Chong members of the diplomatic corps and the public During the service the Republic of Fiji Military Services accorded The Last Post signalling the end of the Queen s 70 year reign 378 379 On 20 September President Ratu Wiliame Katonivere hosted a Commemoration and Thanksgiving Service for the Queen at State House in Suva which was attended by senior officials government ministers members of parliament and foreign representatives The President reflected on the Queen s six visits to Fiji which he said symbolized strong solidarity between Fiji and the royal family 380 381 France Edit French postal service La Poste issued a book of four collector stamps featuring the Queen 50 000 stamps were put on sale on the day of the Queen s funeral 382 383 Starting from 14 October Le Touquet s local airport was renamed Le Touquet Paris Plage Elizabeth II to honour the Queen 384 In Paris the George V Metro station on Line 1 under the Champs Elysees was renamed Elizabeth II for the day of the Queen s state funeral 385 Hong Kong Edit A man paying his respects to the Queen in front of a makeshift memorial at the British consulate in Hong Kong Thousands in Hong Kong paid tribute to the Queen who was the colonial head of the city for 45 years before handover in 1997 386 Long queues were seen outside the British consulate for days after the announcement of the death and until the funeral with mourners waiting up to four hours More than 13 000 signed the condolence books in the consulate in 11 days 387 eulogising the boss lady an affectionate nickname for the Queen by the Hongkongers 388 The tribute which was one of the largest public gathering after imposition of the national security law and the crackdown on democracy movement was also regarded as a protest to Hong Kong and Chinese authorities and mourning the past 389 390 Eric Chan Chief Secretary for Administration and second highest ranking official in the city visited the consulate and signed the condolence book on behalf of the government 391 Nevertheless the pro Beijing newspaper Ta Kung Pao accused a minority of Hong Kong mourners for indulging in this fantasy that they are subjects of the British Empire and called for the eradication of colonialism 392 On the day of the Queen s funeral hundreds gathered outside the consulate watching a live broadcast of the event A harmonica player was arrested under colonial era sedition law after playing Glory to Hong Kong a protest song prominently used in the 2019 2020 Hong Kong protests and God Save the King 393 394 Jamaica Edit Following the announcement of the passing of the Queen of Jamaica on 8 September 2022 bells were tolled nationally in churches throughout all parish capitals for one hour beginning at 6 00 pm Books of condolence were established at King s House and in the Offices of the Custodes in all parishes during the mourning period 395 A 96 gun salute was fired by the Jamaica Defence Force at Up Park Camp in St Andrew on 19 September 396 A national memorial service for the late Queen of Jamaica was held on 2 October at the St Andrew Parish Church in Kingston and was attended by government officials and foreign representatives 397 398 The service was headed by Governor General Sir Patrick Allen Prime Minister Andrew Holness and Mark Golding the leader of the official opposition headed the service The service included scripture readings by the governor general the prime minister and the leader of the opposition as well as tributes in songs by the church choir and the Kingston College Choir 399 Apart from the national memorial service in Kingston services were held on 2 October in Clarendon Saint Catherine Saint Ann Portland Saint Mary Saint Thomas Saint Elizabeth Saint James Westmoreland Hanover Manchester and Trelawny 398 The custodes and mayors headed the memorial services in parishes across Jamaica 397 400 Kenya Edit In Kenya former staff returned to the Treetops Hotel the building where Elizabeth learned about the death of her father and her accession to the throne to light candles and lay out a condolence book 401 New Zealand Edit The Queen s Personal New Zealand Flag paraded at the New Zealand State Memorial Service A 96 gun salute was fired from the Te Papa Promenade in Wellington on 9 September by personnel from the 16th Field Regiment Royal New Zealand Artillery based at Linton Military Camp to mark the passing of the Queen of New Zealand 402 At the Auckland War Memorial Museum a haka was led by members of the Limited Service Volunteer programme to honour the Queen 403 404 A state memorial service with a one off public holiday took place on 26 September to celebrate the life and reign of Queen Elizabeth II of New Zealand 405 406 The service took place at the Wellington Cathedral of St Paul at 14 00 and was televised and live streamed 407 408 A national minute of silence took place at the beginning of the service with people across New Zealand being invited to participate in the moment of silence 409 During the service the Queen s Personal New Zealand Flag was paraded for the last time 410 Memorial services were also held elsewhere in New Zealand including in Auckland 411 Christchurch 412 New Plymouth 413 and Hastings 414 South Canterbury Anniversary Day which was due to be observed on 26 September in the Timaru Waimate and Mackenzie districts was moved to Friday 11 November 415 Cook Islands Edit The King s Representative Sir Tom Marsters proclaimed 30 September a public holiday in the Cook Islands in respect of the Queen s passing 416 On the morning of the holiday the government held a memorial service for the Queen at the National Auditorium in Avarua The service was attended by Marsters traditional leaders members of the Religious Advisory Council Queen s Award recipients the high commissioners of New Zealand and Australia Members of Parliament members of the various uniform organisations and members of the public 417 Niue Edit Two days of commemoration took place in Niue to mark the passing of Queen Elizabeth II Niue s head of state A series of events took place on 18 and 19 September with the latter being a public holiday On 19 September a national memorial service was held at the Taoga Niue starting at 08 00 A national moment of reflection took place at 08 15 with people across Niue taking part People were also asked to plant a tree on 19 September in memory of the Queen 298 Papua New Guinea Edit On 12 September a 96 gun salute was fired in honour of the Queen and a moment of silence took place outside Parliament House in Port Moresby 418 On 18 September members of various Anglican Church parishes in Port Moresby gathered at St Martin s Anglican parish for a memorial service for the late Queen of Papua New Guinea which was presided over by the Bishop of Popondota Lindsley Ihove 419 420 Saint Lucia Edit A 96 gun salute at Government House Saint Lucia On 9 September a 96 gun salute was fired by the Royal Saint Lucia Police Force on the premises of Government House in Castries 273 On 19 September the day of the state funeral the public was invited to pause for a 70 second national tribute to reflect on the life and legacy of Elizabeth II Queen of Saint Lucia Church bells and sirens from fire stations throughout the nation sounded for one minute and 10 seconds starting at 09 59 to herald the commencement of the 70 second reflection period at 10 00 421 Slovakia Edit A place of remembrance for Elizabeth II was created by Servare et Manere in the Carl Gustav Swensson Park in Zilina 422 423 The memorial is located near the first tree planted for The Queen s Green Canopy in Central Europe 424 425 In the biblical garden at Vysoka nad Kysucou Elizabeth II was publicly honoured with the planting of the Queen Elizabeth rose The rose planting was a part of the official opening for the gardens and was organized by the Vysoka nad Kysucou Roman Catholic Parish in cooperation with Servare et Manere 426 427 Solomon Islands Edit In the Solomon Islands the prime minister declared 12 14 September as days of mourning and the first a public holiday 428 The three day national mourning period began on 12 September with a wreath laying and signing of the condolence book at Government House by national leaders including Governor General Sir David Vunagi Prime Minister Manasseh Sogavare Speaker of the National Parliament Patterson Oti and Chief Justice Sir Albert Palmer as well as other government officials former governors general and prime ministers members of diplomatic missions and uniformed groups 429 A memorial church service was held at the Saint Barnabas Anglican Cathedral on 14 September to celebrate the life and reign of Elizabeth II Queen of Solomon Islands The service was attended by acting Governor General Patteson John Oti Prime Minister Manasseh Sogavare Deputy Speaker Commins Mewa Chief Justice Sir Albert Palmer former governors general acting British High Commissioner Steve Auld and senior government officials 430 Sweden Edit Sweden honoured the Queen who was one of the longest serving members of the Royal Order of the Seraphim the foremost order of Sweden on the day of her funeral on 19 September The Queen was awarded the order by King Gustaf VI Adolf on 26 May 1953 and the chain of the Order was given to her by King Carl XVI Gustaf on 23 May 1975 The Queen was the 722nd member of the Order since its inception in 1748 431 The Queen s royal coat of arms as a member of the Royal Order of the Seraphim was then taken in procession from the palace to Riddarholmen Church in Stockholm where the bourdon rang a traditional Seraphim Toll for one hour The arms were then hung in the church By command of the King of Sweden flags above royal residences were flown at half mast on the day 431 United Kingdom Edit Black cab drivers lined The Mall outside Buckingham Palace after her death The billboards at Piccadilly Circus and on the BT Tower showed tributes to the Queen as well as advertising screens on the side of bus stops on billboards across the entire country 432 The Royal Mail issued four commemorative stamps showing the Queen at different stages in her life 433 Black cab drivers of London lined The Mall to pay tribute to the Queen 434 United States Edit Billboards on the Las Vegas Strip showed images of the Queen 287 On 21 September a memorial service was held at the Washington National Cathedral arranged in conjunction with the British Embassy in Washington D C 435 Attendees included Vice President Kamala Harris House Speaker Nancy Pelosi and House Minority Leader Kevin McCarthy as well as British ambassador Karen Pierce 436 All living former US presidents were invited but none attended 436 437 A sermon was delivered by Michael Curry the presiding bishop of the Episcopal Church 436 438 See also EditState funerals in the United Kingdom List of largest funeralsNotes Edit The note said The Queen is unwell and Keir needs to leave the chamber as soon as possible to be briefed The statement read Following further evaluation this morning the Queen s doctors are concerned for Her Majesty s health and have recommended she remain under medical supervision The Queen remains comfortable and at Balmoral The announcement read The Queen died peacefully at Balmoral this afternoon The King and The Queen Consort will remain at Balmoral this evening and will return to London tomorrow The flowers were dahlia sweet pea phlox white heather and pine fir The opening hymn of the service was All People that on Earth do Dwell the metrical version of Psalm 100 Matheson sang Psalm 118 The first lesson was taken from Ecclesiastes 3 The choir then sang Psalm 116 before the second reading from Romans 8 The second hymn was The Lord s My Shepherd which was followed by the gospel reading from John 14 Following the homily the choir sang William Byrd s anthem Justorum Animae After several prayers were said the closing hymn Glory to God Our living songs we raise was sung followed by the national anthem and the benediction 67 68 It was met by all the Queen s children and grandchildren and her nephew and niece the Earl of Snowdon and Lady Sarah Chatto This gun carriage had carried her parents coffins The full group included Prince Andrew Prince Edward Prince William Prince Harry Peter Phillips the Earl of Snowdon the Duke of Gloucester and Timothy Laurence The Sovereign s Bodyguard consists of three units that are classed as personal bodyguards to the Sovereign the Honourable Corps of Gentlemen at Arms the King s Bodyguard of the Yeomen of the Guard and the Royal Company of Archers The King s Body Guard for Scotland The Household Division is an overall term used to describe regiments of the British Army that are classed as guards There are seven regiments in total two classed as Household Cavalry the Life Guards and the Blues and Royals Royal Horse Guards and 1st Dragoons and five as foot guards Grenadier Guards Coldstream Guards Scots Guards Irish Guards and Welsh Guards An exception took place on 17 September when the UK s service chiefs Admiral Sir Tony Radakin Chief of the Defence Staff Admiral Sir Ben Key First Sea Lord and Chief of the Naval Staff General Sir Patrick Sanders Chief of the General Staff and Air Chief Marshal Sir Michael Wigston Chief of the Air Staff stood guard over the catafalque in place of four officers from the foot guards 83 The wreath contained rosemary English oak and myrtle and flowers in shades of gold pink and deep burgundy with touches of white Selections included Orlando Gibbons Fantasia of four parts Vaughan Williams Romanza from his Symphony No 5 Peter Maxwell Davies Reliqui domum meum Harold Darke s Meditation on Brother James s Air Healey Willan s Prelude on Ecce jam noctis Herbert Howells Psalm Prelude Set 1 No 2 Charles Villiers Stanford s In the Country Op 194 No 2 Malcolm Williamson s Fantasy on O Paradise and three works by Elgar Elegy Op 58 Andante espressivo from Sonata in G Op 28 and Sospiri 140 The prayers were said by Iain Greenshields Moderator of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland Shermara Fletcher Principal Officer for Pentecostal and Charismatic Relations Churches Together in England Sarah Mullally Bishop of London and Dean of His Majesty s Chapels Royal Helen Cameron Moderator of the Free Churches Group Vincent Nichols Archbishop of Westminster and Stephen Cottrell Archbishop of York Besides those mentioned the works sung at the service were The day thou gavest Lord is ended St Clement The Lord s My Shepherd Crimond My soul there is a country by Hubert Parry Taste and see how gracious the Lord is by Ralph Vaughan Williams and Love Divine All Loves Excelling Blaenwern The other music was Psalm 121 to an arrangement by Sir Henry Walford Davies sung as the Queen s coffin made its way through the chapel the motet Bring us O Lord God at our last awakening 153 154 All My Hope on God is Founded 153 Christ Is Made the Sure Foundation and Bach s Prelude and Fugue in C minor BWV 546 played after the service 153 Music before the service included Schmucke dich o liebe Seele BWV 654 O Traurigkeit O Herzeleid Master Tallis s Testament Psalm Prelude Set 1 No 1 Psalm Prelude Set 1 No 2 Melody Three Pieces Andante Sostenuto Symphonie Gothique Op 70 The Tree of Peace Nimrod Variations On An Original Theme Op 36 Prelude by Sir William Henry Harris Sheep May Safely Graze BWV 208 and Rhosymedre The original coffin makers are now closed It passed through the hands of two funeral directors before Leverton amp Sons received it when they became undertakers to the Royal Family in 1991 The original coffin firm Henry Smith had also manufactured the coffin in which Prince Philip lies 155 156 The text of A Welsh Prayer is in English 224 New Brunswick Newfoundland and Labrador and Nova ScotiaReferences Edit a b Boffey Daniel 8 September 2022 Elizabeth II enjoyed robust health throughout long reign The Guardian Retrieved 13 September 2022 Murray Jessica 12 October 2021 Queen seen using walking stick for first time in 20 years The Guardian Archived from the original on 31 March 2022 Retrieved 9 September 2022 Taylor Harry 21 October 2021 The Queen spent night in hospital after cancelling Northern Ireland visit The Guardian Archived from the 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