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Wikipedia

Jaguar Cars

January 20, 2023

Jaguar (UK: /ˈdʒæɡjuər/, US: /ˈdʒæɡwɑːr/) is the luxury vehicle brand of Jaguar Land Rover,[1][3] a British multinational car manufacturer with its headquarters in Whitley, Coventry, England. Jaguar Cars was the company that was responsible for the production of Jaguar cars until its operations were fully merged with those of Land Rover to form Jaguar Land Rover on 1 January 2013.

Jaguar (marque)
Product typeCars
OwnerJaguar Land Rover (since 2013)[1]
Produced byJaguar Land Rover
CountryUnited Kingdom
IntroducedSeptember 1935; 87 years ago (1935-09)
Related brandsLand Rover
MarketsWorldwide
Previous ownersJaguar Cars Limited
Tagline"The Art of Performance"
Websitejaguar.com
Jaguar Cars Limited
FormerlyS.S. Cars Limited
(1933–1945)
Type
IndustryAutomotive
PredecessorSwallow Coachbuilding Company Limited
Founded26 October 1933; 89 years ago (1933-10-26)
FounderWilliam Lyons
FateCar manufacturing merged with Land Rover in 2013 as Jaguar Land Rover
Headquarters
Whitley
,
England
Parent

Jaguar's business was founded as the Swallow Sidecar Company in 1922, originally making motorcycle sidecars before developing bodies for passenger cars. Under the ownership of S. S. Cars Limited, the business extended to complete cars made in association with Standard Motor Co, many bearing Jaguar as a model name. The company's name was changed from S. S. Cars to Jaguar Cars in 1945. A merger with the British Motor Corporation followed in 1966,[4] the resulting enlarged company now being renamed as British Motor Holdings (BMH), which in 1968 merged with Leyland Motor Corporation and became British Leyland, itself to be nationalised in 1975.

Jaguar was spun off from British Leyland and was listed on the London Stock Exchange in 1984, becoming a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index until it was acquired by Ford in 1990.[5] Jaguar has, in recent years, manufactured cars for the British Prime Minister, the most recent delivery being an XJ in May 2010.[6] The company also holds royal warrants from Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Charles.[7]

Ford owned Jaguar Cars, also buying Land Rover in 2000, until 2008 when it sold both to Tata Motors. Tata created Jaguar Land Rover as a subsidiary holding company. At operating company level, in 2013 Jaguar Cars was merged with Land Rover to form Jaguar Land Rover Limited as the single design, manufacture, sales company and brand owner for both Jaguar and Land Rover vehicles.

Since the Ford ownership era, Jaguar and Land Rover have used joint design facilities in engineering centres at Whitley in Coventry and Gaydon in Warwickshire and Jaguar cars have been assembled in plants at Castle Bromwich and Solihull.

On 15 February 2021, Jaguar Land Rover announced that all cars made under the Jaguar brand will be fully electric by 2025.[8]

History

Founding

The Swallow Sidecar Company was founded in 1922 by two motorcycle enthusiasts, William Lyons and William Walmsley. In 1934 Walmsley elected to sell-out and in order to buy the Swallow business (but not the company which was liquidated) Lyons formed S.S. Cars Limited, finding new capital by issuing shares to the public.

Jaguar first appeared in September 1935 as a model name on an SS 2½-litre sports saloon.[9][10] A matching open two seater sports model with a 3½-litre engine was named SS Jaguar 100.

On 23 March 1945, the S. S. Cars shareholders in general meeting agreed to change the company's name to Jaguar Cars Limited. Said chairman William Lyons "Unlike S. S. the name Jaguar is distinctive and cannot be connected or confused with any similar foreign name."[11]

Though five years of pent-up demand ensured plenty of buyers production was hampered by shortage of materials, particularly steel, issued to manufacturers until the 1950s by a central planning authority under strict government control. Jaguar sold Motor Panels, a pressed steel body manufacturing company bought in the late 1930s, to steel and components manufacturer Rubery Owen,[12] and Jaguar bought from John Black's Standard Motor Company the plant where Standard built Jaguar's six-cylinder engines.[12] From this time Jaguar was entirely dependent for their bodies on external suppliers, in particular then independent Pressed Steel and in 1966 that carried them into BMC, BMH and British Leyland.

 
SS Jaguar 3½-litre, 125 hp
drophead coupé 1940

Jaguar made its name by producing a series of successful eye-catching sports cars, the Jaguar XK120 (1948–54), Jaguar XK140 (1954–57), Jaguar XK150 (1957–61), and Jaguar E-Type (1961–75), all embodying Lyons' mantra of "value for money".[13] The sports cars were successful in international motorsport, a path followed in the 1950s to prove the engineering integrity of the company's products.

Jaguar's sales slogan for years was "Grace, Space, Pace",[14] a mantra epitomised by the record sales achieved by the MK VII, IX, Mks I and II saloons and later the XJ6.[citation needed] During the time this slogan was used, but the exact text varied.[15][16][17][18]

The core of Bill Lyons' success following WWII was the twin-cam straight six engine, conceived pre-war and realised while engineers at the Coventry plant were dividing their time between fire-watching and designing the new power plant. It had a hemispherical cross-flow cylinder head with valves inclined from the vertical; originally at 30 degrees (inlet) and 45 degrees (exhaust) and later standardised to 45 degrees for both inlet and exhaust.

 
XK engine in an E-Type

As fuel octane ratings were relatively low from 1948 onwards, three piston configuration were offered: domed (high octane), flat (medium octane), and dished (low octane).

The main designer, William "Bill" Heynes, assisted by Walter "Wally" Hassan, was determined to develop the Twin OHC unit. Bill Lyons agreed over misgivings from Hassan. It was risky to take what had previously been considered a racing or low-volume and cantankerous engine needing constant fettling and apply it to reasonable volume production saloon cars.

The subsequent engine (in various versions) was the mainstay powerplant of Jaguar, used in the XK 120, Mk VII Saloon, Mk I and II Saloons and XK 140 and 150. It was also employed in the E Type, itself a development from the race winning and Le Mans conquering C and D Type Sports Racing cars refined as the short-lived XKSS, a road-legal D-Type.

Few engine types have demonstrated such ubiquity and longevity: Jaguar used the Twin OHC XK Engine, as it came to be known, in the Jaguar XJ6 saloon from 1969 through 1992, and employed in a J60 variant as the power plant in such diverse vehicles as the British Army's Combat Vehicle Reconnaissance (Tracked) family of vehicles, as well as the Fox armoured reconnaissance vehicle, the Ferret Scout Car, and the Stonefield four-wheel-drive all-terrain lorry. Properly maintained, the standard production XK Engine would achieve 200,000 miles of useful life.

Two of the proudest moments in Jaguar's long history in motor sport involved winning the Le Mans 24 hours race, firstly in 1951 and again in 1953. Victory at the 1955 Le Mans was overshadowed by it being the occasion of the worst motorsport accident in history. Later in the hands of the Scottish racing team Ecurie Ecosse two more wins were added in 1956 and 1957.

In spite of such a performance orientation, it was always Lyons' intention to build the business by producing world-class sporting saloons in larger numbers than the sports car market could support. Jaguar secured financial stability and a reputation for excellence with a series of elegantly styled luxury saloons that included the 3-litre and 3½ litre cars, the Mark VII, VIII, and IX, the compact Mark I and 2, and the XJ6 and XJ12. All were deemed very good values, with comfortable rides, good handling, high performance, and great style.

Combined with the trend-setting XK 120, XK 140, and XK 150 series of sports car, and nonpareil E-Type,[citation needed] Jaguar's elan as a prestige motorcar manufacturer had few rivals. The company's post-War achievements are remarkable, considering both the shortages that drove Britain (the Ministry of Supply still allocated raw materials) and the state of metallurgical development of the era.

Daimler

In 1950, Jaguar agreed to lease from the Ministry of Supply the Daimler Shadow 2 factory in Browns Lane, Allesley, Coventry, which at the time was being used by The Daimler Company Limited and moved to the new site from Foleshill over the next 12 months.[19] Jaguar purchased Daimler – not to be confused with Daimler-Benz or Daimler AG—in 1960 from BSA. From the late 1960s, Jaguar used the Daimler marque as a brand name for their most luxurious saloons.[20]

Ownership

An end to independence

Pressed Steel Company Limited made all Jaguar's (monocoque) bodies leaving provision and installation of the mechanicals to Jaguar. In mid-1965 British Motor Corporation (BMC), the Austin-Morris combine, bought Pressed Steel.[21] Lyons became concerned about the future of Jaguar, partly because of the threat to ongoing supplies of bodies, and partly because of his age and lack of an heir. He therefore accepted BMC's offer to merge with Jaguar to form British Motor (Holdings) Limited.[22] At a press conference on 11 July 1965 at the Great Eastern Hotel in London, Lyons and BMC chairman George Harriman announced, "Jaguar Group of companies is to merge with The British Motor Corporation Ltd., as the first step towards the setting up of a joint holding company to be called British Motor (Holdings) Limited". In due course BMC changed its name to British Motor Holdings[23] at the end of 1966.

BMH was pushed by the Government to merge with Leyland Motor Corporation Limited, manufacturer of Leyland bus and truck, Standard-Triumph and, since 1967, Rover vehicles. The result was British Leyland Motor Corporation, a new holding company which appeared in 1968, but the combination was not a success. A combination of poor decision making by the board along with the financial difficulties of, especially, the Austin-Morris division (previously BMC) led to the Ryder Report and to effective nationalisation in 1975.[citation needed]

Temporary return to independence

Over the next few years it became clear that because of the low regard for many of the group's products insufficient capital could be provided to develop and begin manufacture of new models, including Jaguars, particularly if Jaguar were to remain a part of the group.[24]

 
Jaguar XJ (X300), a luxury sedan manufactured by Jaguar Cars between 1994 and 1997

In July 1984, Jaguar was floated off as a separate company on the stock market – one of the Thatcher government's many privatisations[25]– to create its own track record.[26]

Installed as chairman in 1980, Sir John Egan is credited for Jaguar's unprecedented prosperity immediately after privatisation. In early 1986 Egan reported he had tackled the main problems that were holding Jaguar back from selling more cars: quality control, lagging delivery schedules, poor productivity. He laid off about one third of the company's roughly 10,000 employees to cut costs.[27] Commentators later pointed out he exploited an elderly model range (on which all development costs had been written off) and raised prices. He also intensified the effort to improve Jaguar's quality. In the US the price increases were masked by a favourable exchange rate.[28]

Ford Motor Company era

Ford made offers to Jaguar's US and UK shareholders to buy their shares in November 1989; Jaguar's listing on the London Stock Exchange was removed on 28 February 1990.[29] In 1999 it became part of Ford's new Premier Automotive Group along with Aston Martin, Volvo Cars and, from 2000, Land Rover. Under Ford's ownership, Jaguar never made a profit.[30]

Under Ford's ownership Jaguar expanded its range of products with the launch of the S-Type in 1999 and X-type in 2001. After PAG acquired Land Rover in May 2000 purchase by Ford, the brand became closely associated with Jaguar. In many countries they shared a common sales and distribution network (including shared dealerships), and some models shared components, although the only shared production facility was Halewood Body & Assembly – which manufactured the technically related X-Type and the Freelander 2. Operationally the two companies were effectively integrated under a common management structure within Ford's PAG.

On 11 June 2007, Ford announced that it planned to sell Jaguar, along with Land Rover and retained the services of Goldman Sachs, Morgan Stanley and HSBC to advise it on the deal. The sale was initially expected to be announced by September 2007, but was delayed until March 2008. Private equity firms such as Alchemy Partners of the UK, TPG Capital, Ripplewood Holdings (which hired former Ford Europe executive Sir Nick Scheele to head its bid), Cerberus Capital Management and One Equity Partners (owned by JP Morgan Chase and managed by former Ford executive Jacques Nasser) of the US, Tata Motors of India and a consortium comprising Mahindra and Mahindra (an automobile manufacturer from India) and Apollo Management all initially expressed interest in purchasing the marques from the Ford Motor Company.[31][32]

Before the sale was announced, Anthony Bamford, chairman of British excavator manufacturer JCB had expressed interest in purchasing the company in August 2006,[33] but backed out upon learning that the sale would also involve Land Rover, which he did not wish to buy. On Christmas Eve of 2007, Mahindra and Mahindra backed out of the race for both brands, citing complexities in the deal.[34]

Tata Motors era

On 1 January 2008, Ford formally declared that Tata was the preferred bidder.[35] Tata Motors also received endorsements from the Transport And General Worker's Union (TGWU)-Amicus[36] combine as well as from Ford.[37] According to the rules of the auction process, this announcement would not automatically disqualify any other potential suitor. However, Ford (as well as representatives of Unite) would now be able to enter into detailed discussions with Tata concerning issues ranging from labour concerns (job security and pensions), technology (IT systems and engine production) and intellectual property,[38] as well as the final sale price.[39] Ford would also open its books for a more comprehensive due diligence by Tata.[40] On 18 March 2008, Reuters reported that American bankers Citigroup and JP Morgan would finance the deal with a US$3 billion loan.[41]

On 26 March 2008, Ford announced that it had agreed to sell its Jaguar and Land Rover operations to Tata Motors of India, and that they expected to complete the sale by the end of the second quarter of 2008.[42] Included in the deal were the rights to three other British brands, Jaguar's own Daimler, as well as two dormant brands Lanchester and Rover.[43] On 2 June 2008, the sale to Tata was completed at a cost of £1.7 billion.[44][45][46]

On 18 January 2008, Tata Motors, a part of the Tata Group, established Jaguar Land Rover Limited as a British-registered and wholly owned subsidiary. The company was to be used as a holding company for the acquisition of the two businesses from Ford – Jaguar Cars Limited and Land Rover. That acquisition was completed on 2 June 2008.[47] On 1 January 2013, the group, which had been operating as two separate companies (Jaguar Cars Limited and Land Rover), although on an integrated basis, underwent a fundamental restructuring. The parent company was renamed to Jaguar Land Rover Automotive PLC, Jaguar Cars Limited was renamed to Jaguar Land Rover Limited and the assets (excluding certain Chinese interests) of Land Rover were transferred to it. The consequence was that Jaguar Land Rover Limited became responsible in the UK for the design, manufacture and marketing of both Jaguar and Land Rover products.[48]

Plants

From 1922 the Swallow Sidecar company (SSC) was located in Blackpool. The company moved to Holbrook Lane, Coventry in 1928 when demand for the Austin Swallow became too great for the factory's capacity.[49] The company started using the Jaguar name whilst based in Holbrooks Lane.

In 1951, having outgrown the original Coventry site they moved to Browns Lane, which had been a wartime "shadow factory" run by The Daimler Company. The Browns Lane plant ceased trim and final operations in 2005, the X350 XJ having already moved to Castle Bromwich two years prior, with the XK and S-Type following. The Browns Lane plant, which continued producing veneer trim for a while and housed the Jaguar Daimler Heritage centre until it moved to the British Motor Museum site, has now been demolished and is being redeveloped.

Jaguar acquired the Whitley engineering centre from Peugeot in 1986; which had originally been part of Chrysler Europe which the French firm had owned since the late 1970s. The decision to offload the site to Jaguar came as Peugeot discontinued the Talbot brand for passenger cars. In 2016, Jaguar also moved into part of the old Peugeot/Chrysler/Rootes site in Ryton-on-Dunsmore which closed a decade earlier – this now is the home of Jaguar Land Rover's classic restoration operation.

Jaguar's Radford plant, originally a Daimler bus plant but later a Jaguar engine and axle plant, was closed by Ford in 1997 when it moved all Jaguar engine production to its Bridgend facility.

In 2000, Ford turned its Halewood plant over to Jaguar following the discontinuation of its long running Escort that year for Jaguar's new X-Type model. It was later joined by the second-generation Land Rover Freelander 2, from 2007. Jaguars ceased being produced at Halewood in 2009 following the discontinuation of the X-Type; Halewood now becoming a Land Rover-only plant.

Since Jaguar Land Rover was formed following the merger of Jaguar Cars with Land Rover, facilities have been shared across several JLR sites, most of which are used for work on both the Jaguar and Land Rover brands.

Current cars

E-Pace

 
Jaguar E-Pace 2017–present

The Jaguar E-Pace is a compact SUV, officially revealed on 13 July 2017.[50]

F-Pace

 
Jaguar F-Pace 2016–present

The F-Pace is a compact luxury crossover SUV – the first SUV from Jaguar. It was unveiled at the International Motor Show Germany in Frankfurt in September 2015.[51]

F-Type

 
Jaguar F-Type 2013–present

The F-Type convertible was launched at the 2012 Paris Motor Show, following its display at the Goodwood Festival of Speed in June 2012,[52] and is billed as a successor to the legendary E-Type. In fact, the Series III E-Type already had a successor, in the form of the XJS, which was in turn replaced by the XK8 and XKR. The F-Type nevertheless returns to the 2-seat plan that was lost with the introduction of the Series III E-Type, which was available only in a 2+2-seat configuration. It was developed following the positive reaction to Jaguar's C-X16 concept car at the 2011 Frankfurt Auto Show. Sales will begin in 2013 with three engine choices; two variants of the AJ126 V6 petrol engine and the AJ133 V8 petrol engine.[53]

I-Pace

 
Jaguar I-Pace 2018–present

The Jaguar I-Pace is an electric SUV, officially revealed on 1 March 2018. It is Jaguar's first electric car.

XE

 
Jaguar XE 2015–present

The XE is the first compact executive Jaguar since the 2009 model year X-Type and is the first of several Jaguar models to be built using Jaguar's new modular aluminium architecture,[citation needed] moving the company away from the Ford derived platforms that were used in the past for the X-Type and XF. The use of Jaguar's own platform allows the XE to feature either rear-wheel drive or all-wheel drive configurations, and it is the first car in its segment with an aluminium monocoque structure.[54] Originally announced at the 2014 Geneva Motor Show with sales scheduled for 2015.[55]

XF

 
Jaguar XF (X260) 2015–present

The Jaguar XF is a mid-size executive car introduced in 2008 to replace the S-Type. In January 2008, the XF was awarded the What Car? 'Car of the Year' and 'Executive Car of the Year' awards. The XF was also awarded Car of the Year 2008 from What Diesel? magazine. Engines available in the XF are 2.2-litre I4 and 3.0-litre V6 diesel engines, or 3.0 litre V6 and 5.0-litre V8 petrol engines. The 5.0 Litre engine is available in supercharged form in the XFR. From 2011, the 2.2-litre diesel engine from the Land Rover Freelander was added to the range as part of a facelift.[56]

R models

Main article: Jaguar R and SVR models
 
Jaguar XKR-S

Jaguar began producing R models in 1995 with the introduction of the first XJR, and the first XKR was introduced in 1997. Jaguar R, R-S and SVR models are designated to compete with the likes of Mercedes-AMG, BMW M and Audi S and RS.

Historic car models

The renamed Jaguar company started production with the pre-war 1.5, 2.5 and 3.5-litre models, which used engines designed by the Standard Motor Company. The 1.5-litre four-cylinder engine was still supplied by Standard but the two larger six-cylinder ones were made in house. These cars have become known unofficially as Mark IVs.

The first post-war model was the September 1948 Mark V available with either 2.5 or 3.5-litre engines. It had a slightly more streamlined appearance than pre-war models, but more important was the change to torsion bar independent front suspension and hydraulic brakes.[citation needed] In the spring of 1948 Lyons had returned from USA reporting Jaguar's individuality and perceived quality attracted the admiration of American buyers accustomed to the virtual uniformity of their home-grown vehicles.[57]

 
The 1948 XK120 was a breakthrough both for Jaguar and post-WWII sports cars.

The first big breakthrough was the launch in October 1948 of their new record-breaking engine design in their XK120 sportscar to replace the prewar SS Jaguar 100. It was powered by a new twin overhead camshaft (DOHC) 3.5-litre hemi-head six-cylinder engine designed by William Heynes, Walter Hassan and Claude Baily. The XK100 4-cylinder 2-Litre version had broken records in Belgium travelling at 177 mph. This XK engine had been designed at night during the war when they would be on fire watch in the factory. After several attempts a final design was achieved. That is until owner William Lyons said "make it quieter".

The sportscar bearing its prefix X had originally been intended as a short production model of about 200 vehicles. A test bed for the new engine until its intended home, the new Mark VII saloon, was ready.[citation needed]

 
1950 "Grace ... Space ... Pace – Jaguar" Mark VII

The second big breakthrough was the large Mark VII saloon in 1950, a car especially conceived for the American market, Jaguar was overwhelmed with orders. The Mark VII and its successors gathered rave reviews from magazines such as Road & Track and The Motor. In 1956 a Mark VII won the prestigious Monte Carlo Rally. The XK120's exceptional reception was followed in 1954 by an improved XK140 then in May 1957 a fully revised XK150.

 
1960s Mark 2 became one of the most recognisable Jaguar models ever produced.

In 1955, the Two-point-four or 2.4-litre saloon (named by enthusiasts 2.4 Mark 1) was the first monocoque (unitary) car from Jaguar.[citation needed] Its 2.4-litre short-stroke version of the XK engine provided 100 mph (160 km/h) performance. In 1957, the 3.4-litre version with disk brakes, wire wheels and other options was introduced, with a top speed of 120 mph (190 km/h). In October 1959, an extensively revised version of the car with wider windows and 2.4, 3.4, and 3.8-litre engine options became the Mark 2. The 3.8 Mark 2 was popular with British police forces for its small size and 125 mph (201 km/h) performance.

The Mark VIII of 1956 and Mark IX of 1958 were essentially updates of the Mark VII, but the oversize Mark X of 1961 was a completely new design of large saloon with all round independent suspension and unitary construction.

 
1963 open two-seat E-Type

Jaguar launched the E-Type in 1961.

The independent rear suspension from the Mark X was incorporated in the 1963 S-Type, a Mark 2 lengthened to contain the complex rear suspension, and in 1967 the Mark 2 name was dropped when the small saloons became the 240/340 range. The 420 of 1966, also sold as the Daimler Sovereign, put a new front onto the S-type, although both cars continued in parallel until the S-Type was dropped in 1968. The slow-selling Mark X became the 420G in 1966 and was dropped at the end of the decade. Jaguar was saved by its new equally capacious but very much trimmer new XJ6.

 
XJ6

Of the more recent saloons, the most significant is the XJ (1968–1992). From 1968 on, the Series I XJ saw minor changes, first in 1973 (to Series II), 1979 (Series III), a complete redesign for 1986/1987 in XJ40, further modifications in 1995 (X300), in 1997 with V8-power (X308), and a major advance in 2003 with an industry-first aluminium monocoque-chassis (X350). The most luxurious XJ models carried either the Vanden Plas (US) or Daimler (rest of world) nameplates. In 1972, the 12-cylinder engine was introduced in the XJ, while simultaneously being offered in the E Type.

 
The XJ220—the world's fastest production car in 1992

1992 saw the introduction of the mid-engined, twin-turbo XJ220, powered by a 542 bhp (404 kW; 550 PS) V6 engine. The XJ220 was confirmed the fastest production car in the world at the time after Martin Brundle recorded a speed of 217 mph (349 km/h) on the Nardo track in Italy.[58]

Over the years many Jaguar models have sported the famous chrome plated Leaping Jaguar, traditionally forming part of the radiator cap. Known as "The Leaper", this iconic mascot has been the subject of controversy in recent times when banned for safety reasons from cars supplied to Europe whilst it continued to be fitted on cars destined for the United States, Middle East and Far East. It has now been dropped from all the latest Jaguar models, although some customers add it to their car as a customization.

 
Jaguar X-Type

The Jaguar S-Type, first appeared in 1999 and stopped production in 2008. It has now been replaced by the Jaguar XF. Early S-Types suffered from reliability problems but those were mostly resolved by the 2004 model year.[59]

The Jaguar X-Type was a compact executive car launched in 2001, while the company was under Ford ownership, sharing its platform with the Ford Mondeo. X-Type production ended in 2009.[60]

The Jaguar XK was a luxury grand tourer introduced in 2006, where it replaced the XK8. The XK introduced an aluminium monocoque bodyshell, and was available both as a two-door coupé and two-door cabriolet/convertible.[61] Production ceased in 2014.

 
Jaguar XJ 2009–2019

The Jaguar XJ was a full-size luxury saloon. The model was in production since 1968, with production ceasing in 2019, with the first generation being the last Jaguar car to have creative input by the company's founder, Sir William Lyons, although this is disputed as some Jaguar historians claim that the second generation XJ – the XJ40 series – was the last car which Lyons had influenced. The XJ40 originally launched in 1986 and went through two major revamps in 1994 (X300) and 1997 (X308) for a total production run of 17 years. In early 2003, the third generation XJ – the X350 – arrived in showrooms and while the car's exterior and interior styling were traditional in appearance, the car was completely re-engineered. Its styling attracted much criticism from many motoring journalists who claimed that the car looked old-fashioned and barely more modern than its predecessor, many even citing that the 'Lyons line' had been lost in the translation from XJ40 into X350 XJ, even though beneath the shell lay a highly advanced aluminium construction that put the XJ very near the top of its class.[62]

Jaguar responded to the criticism with the introduction of the fourth generation XJ, launched in 2009. Its exterior styling is a departure from previous XJs, with a more youthful, contemporary stance, following the design shift that came into effect previously with the company's XF and XK models.[63]

The 5-litre V8 engine in the XJ Supersport can accelerate the car from 0 to 60 mph (0–97 km/h) in 4.7 seconds, and has a UK CO2 emission rating of 289 g/km. To cater to the limousine market, all XJ models are offered with a longer wheelbase (LWB) as an option, which increases the rear legroom.[64]


List

Large executive

Compact executive

Sports

Racing and competition

Concept cars

  • E1A – The 1950s E-Type concept vehicle
  • E2 A – The second E-Type concept vehicle, which raced at LeMans and in the USA
  • XJ13 (1966) – Built to race at LeMans, never run
  • Pirana (1967) – Designed by Bertone
  • Ascot (1977)
  • XJ41/XJ42 (1982-1990) – the first F-Type; cancelled due to the Ford's takeover of Jaguar[65]
  • XJ90 (1988-1991) – planned XJ40 replacement; cancelled due to Ford's takeover of Jaguar[66]
  • Kensington (1990)
  • XK 180 (1998) – Roadster concept based on the XK8
  • F-Type (2000) – Roadster, similar to the XK8 but smaller
  • R-Coupé (2001) – Large four-seater coupé
  • Fuore XF 10 (2003)
  • R-D6 (2003) – Compact four-seat coupé
  • XK-RR – A high-performance version of last generation XK coupé
  • XK-RS – Another performance-spec version of last generation XK convertible
  • Concept Eight (2004) – Super-luxury version of the long-wheelbase model of the XJ
  • C-XF (2007) – Precursor to the production model XF saloon
  • C-X75 (2010) – Hybrid-electric sports car, originally intended for production but cancelled in 2012
  • B99 (2011)
  • C-X16 (2011) – Precursor to the production model F-Type
  • C-X17 (2013) – First ever Jaguar SUV concept
  • Project 7 – a 542 bhp V8-powered speedster based on the F-Type and inspired by the D-Type (2013)[67]
  • Future-Type (2017)

Engines

Jaguar has designed in-house six generations of engines:

Motorsport

See also: Jaguar Racing and Jaguar XJR Sportscars
 
The Jaguar R5 being driven by Mark Webber in 2004—the team's last season in F1

Jaguar has had major success in sports car racing, particularly in the Le Mans 24 Hours. Victories came in 1951 and 1953 with the C-Type, then in 1955, 1956 and 1957 with the D-Type. The manager of the racing team during this period, Lofty England, later became CEO of Jaguar in the early 1970s. Although the prototype XJ13 was built in the mid-1960s it was never raced, and the famous race was then left for many years.

In 1982, a successful relationship with Tom Walkinshaw's TWR team commenced with the XJ-S competing in the European Touring Car Championship, which it won in 1984.[68] In 1985, the TWR XJ-S won the Bathurst 1000 race. In the mid-1980s TWR started designing and preparing Jaguar V12-engined Group C cars for World Sports Prototype Championship races. The team started winning regularly from 1987, and won Le Mans in 1988 and 1990 with the XJR series sports cars. The Jaguar XJR-14 was the last of the XJRs to win, taking the 1991 World Sportscar Championship.

In 1999, Ford decided that Jaguar would be the corporation's Formula One entry. Ford bought out the Milton Keynes-based Stewart Grand Prix team and rebranded it as Jaguar Racing for the 2000 season. The Jaguar F1 program was not a success however, achieving only two podium finishes in five seasons of competition between 2000 and 2004. At the end of 2004, with costs mounting and Ford's profits dwindling, the F1 team was seen as an unneeded expense and was sold to Red Bull energy drinks owner Dietrich Mateschitz,[69] and it became Red Bull Racing.

On 15 December 2015, it was announced that Jaguar would return to motorsport for the third season of Formula E.

On 15 June 2018, Jaguar Vector Racing broke the world speed record for an electric battery powered boat. The Jaguar Vector V20E recorded an average speed of 88.61 mph across the two legs of the 1 km course on Coniston Water, England.[70]

Notable sports racers:

Jaguar and the arts

 
Jaguar Art Project "Shadows", Saint-Tropez 2011

For some time now,[when?] Jaguar has been active in the international arts scene. In particular, the company has collaborated with the artist Stefan Szczesny, implementing major art projects. In 2011, Jaguar presented the exhibition series "Shadows", which involved the installation of Szczesny's shadow sculptures in Sankt-Moritz, on Sylt and in Saint-Tropez. In 2012, a large number of sculptures, ceramics and paintings were shown in Frankfurt (and mainly in Frankfurt's Palmengarten).

As part of the collaboration with Szczesny, Jaguar has released the "Jaguar Art Collection".[citation needed]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b "Trade mark number EU000026625". Intellectual Property Office. Crown (UK Government). Retrieved 24 January 2018.
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External links

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Jaguar Cars.
  • Jaguar official website
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January 20, 2023
jaguar, cars, jaguar, ɑːr, luxury, vehicle, brand, jaguar, land, rover, british, multinational, manufacturer, with, headquarters, whitley, coventry, england, company, that, responsible, production, jaguar, cars, until, operations, were, fully, merged, with, th. Jaguar UK ˈ dʒ ae ɡ j u er US ˈ dʒ ae ɡ w ɑːr is the luxury vehicle brand of Jaguar Land Rover 1 3 a British multinational car manufacturer with its headquarters in Whitley Coventry England Jaguar Cars was the company that was responsible for the production of Jaguar cars until its operations were fully merged with those of Land Rover to form Jaguar Land Rover on 1 January 2013 Jaguar marque Product typeCarsOwnerJaguar Land Rover since 2013 1 Produced byJaguar Land RoverCountryUnited KingdomIntroducedSeptember 1935 87 years ago 1935 09 Related brandsLand RoverMarketsWorldwidePrevious ownersJaguar Cars LimitedTagline The Art of Performance Websitejaguar wbr comJaguar Cars LimitedFormerlyS S Cars Limited 1933 1945 TypePrivate 1933 1966 Subsidiary 1966 present 2 IndustryAutomotivePredecessorSwallow Coachbuilding Company LimitedFounded26 October 1933 89 years ago 1933 10 26 FounderWilliam LyonsFateCar manufacturing merged with Land Rover in 2013 as Jaguar Land RoverHeadquartersWhitley EnglandParentBritish Motor Holdings 1966 1968 British Leyland 1968 1984 Jaguar plc 1984 1990 Ford Motor Company 1990 2008 Tata Motors 2008 2012 Jaguar Land Rover 2013 present Jaguar s business was founded as the Swallow Sidecar Company in 1922 originally making motorcycle sidecars before developing bodies for passenger cars Under the ownership of S S Cars Limited the business extended to complete cars made in association with Standard Motor Co many bearing Jaguar as a model name The company s name was changed from S S Cars to Jaguar Cars in 1945 A merger with the British Motor Corporation followed in 1966 4 the resulting enlarged company now being renamed as British Motor Holdings BMH which in 1968 merged with Leyland Motor Corporation and became British Leyland itself to be nationalised in 1975 Jaguar was spun off from British Leyland and was listed on the London Stock Exchange in 1984 becoming a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index until it was acquired by Ford in 1990 5 Jaguar has in recent years manufactured cars for the British Prime Minister the most recent delivery being an XJ in May 2010 6 The company also holds royal warrants from Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Charles 7 Ford owned Jaguar Cars also buying Land Rover in 2000 until 2008 when it sold both to Tata Motors Tata created Jaguar Land Rover as a subsidiary holding company At operating company level in 2013 Jaguar Cars was merged with Land Rover to form Jaguar Land Rover Limited as the single design manufacture sales company and brand owner for both Jaguar and Land Rover vehicles Since the Ford ownership era Jaguar and Land Rover have used joint design facilities in engineering centres at Whitley in Coventry and Gaydon in Warwickshire and Jaguar cars have been assembled in plants at Castle Bromwich and Solihull On 15 February 2021 Jaguar Land Rover announced that all cars made under the Jaguar brand will be fully electric by 2025 8 Contents 1 History 1 1 Founding 1 2 Daimler 1 3 Ownership 1 3 1 An end to independence 1 3 2 Temporary return to independence 1 3 3 Ford Motor Company era 1 3 4 Tata Motors era 1 4 Plants 2 Current cars 2 1 E Pace 2 2 F Pace 2 3 F Type 2 4 I Pace 2 5 XE 2 6 XF 3 R models 4 Historic car models 4 1 List 4 1 1 Large executive 4 1 2 Compact executive 4 1 3 Sports 4 1 4 Racing and competition 5 Concept cars 6 Engines 7 Motorsport 8 Jaguar and the arts 9 See also 10 References 11 External linksHistoryFounding The Swallow Sidecar Company was founded in 1922 by two motorcycle enthusiasts William Lyons and William Walmsley In 1934 Walmsley elected to sell out and in order to buy the Swallow business but not the company which was liquidated Lyons formed S S Cars Limited finding new capital by issuing shares to the public SS Jaguar 2 litre sports saloon Jaguar first appeared in September 1935 as a model name on an SS 2 litre sports saloon 9 10 A matching open two seater sports model with a 3 litre engine was named SS Jaguar 100 On 23 March 1945 the S S Cars shareholders in general meeting agreed to change the company s name to Jaguar Cars Limited Said chairman William Lyons Unlike S S the name Jaguar is distinctive and cannot be connected or confused with any similar foreign name 11 Though five years of pent up demand ensured plenty of buyers production was hampered by shortage of materials particularly steel issued to manufacturers until the 1950s by a central planning authority under strict government control Jaguar sold Motor Panels a pressed steel body manufacturing company bought in the late 1930s to steel and components manufacturer Rubery Owen 12 and Jaguar bought from John Black s Standard Motor Company the plant where Standard built Jaguar s six cylinder engines 12 From this time Jaguar was entirely dependent for their bodies on external suppliers in particular then independent Pressed Steel and in 1966 that carried them into BMC BMH and British Leyland SS Jaguar 3 litre 125 hpdrophead coupe 1940 Jaguar made its name by producing a series of successful eye catching sports cars the Jaguar XK120 1948 54 Jaguar XK140 1954 57 Jaguar XK150 1957 61 and Jaguar E Type 1961 75 all embodying Lyons mantra of value for money 13 The sports cars were successful in international motorsport a path followed in the 1950s to prove the engineering integrity of the company s products Jaguar s sales slogan for years was Grace Space Pace 14 a mantra epitomised by the record sales achieved by the MK VII IX Mks I and II saloons and later the XJ6 citation needed During the time this slogan was used but the exact text varied 15 16 17 18 The core of Bill Lyons success following WWII was the twin cam straight six engine conceived pre war and realised while engineers at the Coventry plant were dividing their time between fire watching and designing the new power plant It had a hemispherical cross flow cylinder head with valves inclined from the vertical originally at 30 degrees inlet and 45 degrees exhaust and later standardised to 45 degrees for both inlet and exhaust XK engine in an E Type As fuel octane ratings were relatively low from 1948 onwards three piston configuration were offered domed high octane flat medium octane and dished low octane The main designer William Bill Heynes assisted by Walter Wally Hassan was determined to develop the Twin OHC unit Bill Lyons agreed over misgivings from Hassan It was risky to take what had previously been considered a racing or low volume and cantankerous engine needing constant fettling and apply it to reasonable volume production saloon cars The subsequent engine in various versions was the mainstay powerplant of Jaguar used in the XK 120 Mk VII Saloon Mk I and II Saloons and XK 140 and 150 It was also employed in the E Type itself a development from the race winning and Le Mans conquering C and D Type Sports Racing cars refined as the short lived XKSS a road legal D Type Few engine types have demonstrated such ubiquity and longevity Jaguar used the Twin OHC XK Engine as it came to be known in the Jaguar XJ6 saloon from 1969 through 1992 and employed in a J60 variant as the power plant in such diverse vehicles as the British Army s Combat Vehicle Reconnaissance Tracked family of vehicles as well as the Fox armoured reconnaissance vehicle the Ferret Scout Car and the Stonefield four wheel drive all terrain lorry Properly maintained the standard production XK Engine would achieve 200 000 miles of useful life Two of the proudest moments in Jaguar s long history in motor sport involved winning the Le Mans 24 hours race firstly in 1951 and again in 1953 Victory at the 1955 Le Mans was overshadowed by it being the occasion of the worst motorsport accident in history Later in the hands of the Scottish racing team Ecurie Ecosse two more wins were added in 1956 and 1957 In spite of such a performance orientation it was always Lyons intention to build the business by producing world class sporting saloons in larger numbers than the sports car market could support Jaguar secured financial stability and a reputation for excellence with a series of elegantly styled luxury saloons that included the 3 litre and 3 litre cars the Mark VII VIII and IX the compact Mark I and 2 and the XJ6 and XJ12 All were deemed very good values with comfortable rides good handling high performance and great style Combined with the trend setting XK 120 XK 140 and XK 150 series of sports car and nonpareil E Type citation needed Jaguar s elan as a prestige motorcar manufacturer had few rivals The company s post War achievements are remarkable considering both the shortages that drove Britain the Ministry of Supply still allocated raw materials and the state of metallurgical development of the era Daimler In 1950 Jaguar agreed to lease from the Ministry of Supply the Daimler Shadow 2 factory in Browns Lane Allesley Coventry which at the time was being used by The Daimler Company Limited and moved to the new site from Foleshill over the next 12 months 19 Jaguar purchased Daimler not to be confused with Daimler Benz or Daimler AG in 1960 from BSA From the late 1960s Jaguar used the Daimler marque as a brand name for their most luxurious saloons 20 Ownership An end to independence Pressed Steel Company Limited made all Jaguar s monocoque bodies leaving provision and installation of the mechanicals to Jaguar In mid 1965 British Motor Corporation BMC the Austin Morris combine bought Pressed Steel 21 Lyons became concerned about the future of Jaguar partly because of the threat to ongoing supplies of bodies and partly because of his age and lack of an heir He therefore accepted BMC s offer to merge with Jaguar to form British Motor Holdings Limited 22 At a press conference on 11 July 1965 at the Great Eastern Hotel in London Lyons and BMC chairman George Harriman announced Jaguar Group of companies is to merge with The British Motor Corporation Ltd as the first step towards the setting up of a joint holding company to be called British Motor Holdings Limited In due course BMC changed its name to British Motor Holdings 23 at the end of 1966 BMH was pushed by the Government to merge with Leyland Motor Corporation Limited manufacturer of Leyland bus and truck Standard Triumph and since 1967 Rover vehicles The result was British Leyland Motor Corporation a new holding company which appeared in 1968 but the combination was not a success A combination of poor decision making by the board along with the financial difficulties of especially the Austin Morris division previously BMC led to the Ryder Report and to effective nationalisation in 1975 citation needed Temporary return to independence Over the next few years it became clear that because of the low regard for many of the group s products insufficient capital could be provided to develop and begin manufacture of new models including Jaguars particularly if Jaguar were to remain a part of the group 24 Jaguar XJ X300 a luxury sedan manufactured by Jaguar Cars between 1994 and 1997 In July 1984 Jaguar was floated off as a separate company on the stock market one of the Thatcher government s many privatisations 25 to create its own track record 26 Installed as chairman in 1980 Sir John Egan is credited for Jaguar s unprecedented prosperity immediately after privatisation In early 1986 Egan reported he had tackled the main problems that were holding Jaguar back from selling more cars quality control lagging delivery schedules poor productivity He laid off about one third of the company s roughly 10 000 employees to cut costs 27 Commentators later pointed out he exploited an elderly model range on which all development costs had been written off and raised prices He also intensified the effort to improve Jaguar s quality In the US the price increases were masked by a favourable exchange rate 28 Ford Motor Company era Jaguar S Type based on the Ford DEW98 platform Ford made offers to Jaguar s US and UK shareholders to buy their shares in November 1989 Jaguar s listing on the London Stock Exchange was removed on 28 February 1990 29 In 1999 it became part of Ford s new Premier Automotive Group along with Aston Martin Volvo Cars and from 2000 Land Rover Under Ford s ownership Jaguar never made a profit 30 Under Ford s ownership Jaguar expanded its range of products with the launch of the S Type in 1999 and X type in 2001 After PAG acquired Land Rover in May 2000 purchase by Ford the brand became closely associated with Jaguar In many countries they shared a common sales and distribution network including shared dealerships and some models shared components although the only shared production facility was Halewood Body amp Assembly which manufactured the technically related X Type and the Freelander 2 Operationally the two companies were effectively integrated under a common management structure within Ford s PAG On 11 June 2007 Ford announced that it planned to sell Jaguar along with Land Rover and retained the services of Goldman Sachs Morgan Stanley and HSBC to advise it on the deal The sale was initially expected to be announced by September 2007 but was delayed until March 2008 Private equity firms such as Alchemy Partners of the UK TPG Capital Ripplewood Holdings which hired former Ford Europe executive Sir Nick Scheele to head its bid Cerberus Capital Management and One Equity Partners owned by JP Morgan Chase and managed by former Ford executive Jacques Nasser of the US Tata Motors of India and a consortium comprising Mahindra and Mahindra an automobile manufacturer from India and Apollo Management all initially expressed interest in purchasing the marques from the Ford Motor Company 31 32 Before the sale was announced Anthony Bamford chairman of British excavator manufacturer JCB had expressed interest in purchasing the company in August 2006 33 but backed out upon learning that the sale would also involve Land Rover which he did not wish to buy On Christmas Eve of 2007 Mahindra and Mahindra backed out of the race for both brands citing complexities in the deal 34 Tata Motors era On 1 January 2008 Ford formally declared that Tata was the preferred bidder 35 Tata Motors also received endorsements from the Transport And General Worker s Union TGWU Amicus 36 combine as well as from Ford 37 According to the rules of the auction process this announcement would not automatically disqualify any other potential suitor However Ford as well as representatives of Unite would now be able to enter into detailed discussions with Tata concerning issues ranging from labour concerns job security and pensions technology IT systems and engine production and intellectual property 38 as well as the final sale price 39 Ford would also open its books for a more comprehensive due diligence by Tata 40 On 18 March 2008 Reuters reported that American bankers Citigroup and JP Morgan would finance the deal with a US 3 billion loan 41 On 26 March 2008 Ford announced that it had agreed to sell its Jaguar and Land Rover operations to Tata Motors of India and that they expected to complete the sale by the end of the second quarter of 2008 42 Included in the deal were the rights to three other British brands Jaguar s own Daimler as well as two dormant brands Lanchester and Rover 43 On 2 June 2008 the sale to Tata was completed at a cost of 1 7 billion 44 45 46 On 18 January 2008 Tata Motors a part of the Tata Group established Jaguar Land Rover Limited as a British registered and wholly owned subsidiary The company was to be used as a holding company for the acquisition of the two businesses from Ford Jaguar Cars Limited and Land Rover That acquisition was completed on 2 June 2008 47 On 1 January 2013 the group which had been operating as two separate companies Jaguar Cars Limited and Land Rover although on an integrated basis underwent a fundamental restructuring The parent company was renamed to Jaguar Land Rover Automotive PLC Jaguar Cars Limited was renamed to Jaguar Land Rover Limited and the assets excluding certain Chinese interests of Land Rover were transferred to it The consequence was that Jaguar Land Rover Limited became responsible in the UK for the design manufacture and marketing of both Jaguar and Land Rover products 48 Plants From 1922 the Swallow Sidecar company SSC was located in Blackpool The company moved to Holbrook Lane Coventry in 1928 when demand for the Austin Swallow became too great for the factory s capacity 49 The company started using the Jaguar name whilst based in Holbrooks Lane In 1951 having outgrown the original Coventry site they moved to Browns Lane which had been a wartime shadow factory run by The Daimler Company The Browns Lane plant ceased trim and final operations in 2005 the X350 XJ having already moved to Castle Bromwich two years prior with the XK and S Type following The Browns Lane plant which continued producing veneer trim for a while and housed the Jaguar Daimler Heritage centre until it moved to the British Motor Museum site has now been demolished and is being redeveloped Jaguar acquired the Whitley engineering centre from Peugeot in 1986 which had originally been part of Chrysler Europe which the French firm had owned since the late 1970s The decision to offload the site to Jaguar came as Peugeot discontinued the Talbot brand for passenger cars In 2016 Jaguar also moved into part of the old Peugeot Chrysler Rootes site in Ryton on Dunsmore which closed a decade earlier this now is the home of Jaguar Land Rover s classic restoration operation Jaguar s Radford plant originally a Daimler bus plant but later a Jaguar engine and axle plant was closed by Ford in 1997 when it moved all Jaguar engine production to its Bridgend facility In 2000 Ford turned its Halewood plant over to Jaguar following the discontinuation of its long running Escort that year for Jaguar s new X Type model It was later joined by the second generation Land Rover Freelander 2 from 2007 Jaguars ceased being produced at Halewood in 2009 following the discontinuation of the X Type Halewood now becoming a Land Rover only plant Since Jaguar Land Rover was formed following the merger of Jaguar Cars with Land Rover facilities have been shared across several JLR sites most of which are used for work on both the Jaguar and Land Rover brands Current carsE Pace Jaguar E Pace 2017 present The Jaguar E Pace is a compact SUV officially revealed on 13 July 2017 50 F Pace Jaguar F Pace 2016 present The F Pace is a compact luxury crossover SUV the first SUV from Jaguar It was unveiled at the International Motor Show Germany in Frankfurt in September 2015 51 F Type Jaguar F Type 2013 present The F Type convertible was launched at the 2012 Paris Motor Show following its display at the Goodwood Festival of Speed in June 2012 52 and is billed as a successor to the legendary E Type In fact the Series III E Type already had a successor in the form of the XJS which was in turn replaced by the XK8 and XKR The F Type nevertheless returns to the 2 seat plan that was lost with the introduction of the Series III E Type which was available only in a 2 2 seat configuration It was developed following the positive reaction to Jaguar s C X16 concept car at the 2011 Frankfurt Auto Show Sales will begin in 2013 with three engine choices two variants of the AJ126 V6 petrol engine and the AJ133 V8 petrol engine 53 I Pace Jaguar I Pace 2018 present The Jaguar I Pace is an electric SUV officially revealed on 1 March 2018 It is Jaguar s first electric car XE Jaguar XE 2015 present The XE is the first compact executive Jaguar since the 2009 model year X Type and is the first of several Jaguar models to be built using Jaguar s new modular aluminium architecture citation needed moving the company away from the Ford derived platforms that were used in the past for the X Type and XF The use of Jaguar s own platform allows the XE to feature either rear wheel drive or all wheel drive configurations and it is the first car in its segment with an aluminium monocoque structure 54 Originally announced at the 2014 Geneva Motor Show with sales scheduled for 2015 55 XF Jaguar XF X260 2015 present The Jaguar XF is a mid size executive car introduced in 2008 to replace the S Type In January 2008 the XF was awarded the What Car Car of the Year and Executive Car of the Year awards The XF was also awarded Car of the Year 2008 from What Diesel magazine Engines available in the XF are 2 2 litre I4 and 3 0 litre V6 diesel engines or 3 0 litre V6 and 5 0 litre V8 petrol engines The 5 0 Litre engine is available in supercharged form in the XFR From 2011 the 2 2 litre diesel engine from the Land Rover Freelander was added to the range as part of a facelift 56 R modelsMain article Jaguar R and SVR models Jaguar XKR S Jaguar began producing R models in 1995 with the introduction of the first XJR and the first XKR was introduced in 1997 Jaguar R R S and SVR models are designated to compete with the likes of Mercedes AMG BMW M and Audi S and RS Historic car models 1948 Mark V drophead coupe cabriolet The renamed Jaguar company started production with the pre war 1 5 2 5 and 3 5 litre models which used engines designed by the Standard Motor Company The 1 5 litre four cylinder engine was still supplied by Standard but the two larger six cylinder ones were made in house These cars have become known unofficially as Mark IVs The first post war model was the September 1948 Mark V available with either 2 5 or 3 5 litre engines It had a slightly more streamlined appearance than pre war models but more important was the change to torsion bar independent front suspension and hydraulic brakes citation needed In the spring of 1948 Lyons had returned from USA reporting Jaguar s individuality and perceived quality attracted the admiration of American buyers accustomed to the virtual uniformity of their home grown vehicles 57 The 1948 XK120 was a breakthrough both for Jaguar and post WWII sports cars The first big breakthrough was the launch in October 1948 of their new record breaking engine design in their XK120 sportscar to replace the prewar SS Jaguar 100 It was powered by a new twin overhead camshaft DOHC 3 5 litre hemi head six cylinder engine designed by William Heynes Walter Hassan and Claude Baily The XK100 4 cylinder 2 Litre version had broken records in Belgium travelling at 177 mph This XK engine had been designed at night during the war when they would be on fire watch in the factory After several attempts a final design was achieved That is until owner William Lyons said make it quieter The sportscar bearing its prefix X had originally been intended as a short production model of about 200 vehicles A test bed for the new engine until its intended home the new Mark VII saloon was ready citation needed 1950 Grace Space Pace Jaguar Mark VII The second big breakthrough was the large Mark VII saloon in 1950 a car especially conceived for the American market Jaguar was overwhelmed with orders The Mark VII and its successors gathered rave reviews from magazines such as Road amp Track and The Motor In 1956 a Mark VII won the prestigious Monte Carlo Rally The XK120 s exceptional reception was followed in 1954 by an improved XK140 then in May 1957 a fully revised XK150 1960s Mark 2 became one of the most recognisable Jaguar models ever produced In 1955 the Two point four or 2 4 litre saloon named by enthusiasts 2 4 Mark 1 was the first monocoque unitary car from Jaguar citation needed Its 2 4 litre short stroke version of the XK engine provided 100 mph 160 km h performance In 1957 the 3 4 litre version with disk brakes wire wheels and other options was introduced with a top speed of 120 mph 190 km h In October 1959 an extensively revised version of the car with wider windows and 2 4 3 4 and 3 8 litre engine options became the Mark 2 The 3 8 Mark 2 was popular with British police forces for its small size and 125 mph 201 km h performance The Mark VIII of 1956 and Mark IX of 1958 were essentially updates of the Mark VII but the oversize Mark X of 1961 was a completely new design of large saloon with all round independent suspension and unitary construction 1963 open two seat E Type Jaguar launched the E Type in 1961 The independent rear suspension from the Mark X was incorporated in the 1963 S Type a Mark 2 lengthened to contain the complex rear suspension and in 1967 the Mark 2 name was dropped when the small saloons became the 240 340 range The 420 of 1966 also sold as the Daimler Sovereign put a new front onto the S type although both cars continued in parallel until the S Type was dropped in 1968 The slow selling Mark X became the 420G in 1966 and was dropped at the end of the decade Jaguar was saved by its new equally capacious but very much trimmer new XJ6 XJ6 Of the more recent saloons the most significant is the XJ 1968 1992 From 1968 on the Series I XJ saw minor changes first in 1973 to Series II 1979 Series III a complete redesign for 1986 1987 in XJ40 further modifications in 1995 X300 in 1997 with V8 power X308 and a major advance in 2003 with an industry first aluminium monocoque chassis X350 The most luxurious XJ models carried either the Vanden Plas US or Daimler rest of world nameplates In 1972 the 12 cylinder engine was introduced in the XJ while simultaneously being offered in the E Type The XJ220 the world s fastest production car in 1992 1992 saw the introduction of the mid engined twin turbo XJ220 powered by a 542 bhp 404 kW 550 PS V6 engine The XJ220 was confirmed the fastest production car in the world at the time after Martin Brundle recorded a speed of 217 mph 349 km h on the Nardo track in Italy 58 Over the years many Jaguar models have sported the famous chrome plated Leaping Jaguar traditionally forming part of the radiator cap Known as The Leaper this iconic mascot has been the subject of controversy in recent times when banned for safety reasons from cars supplied to Europe whilst it continued to be fitted on cars destined for the United States Middle East and Far East It has now been dropped from all the latest Jaguar models although some customers add it to their car as a customization Jaguar X Type The Jaguar S Type first appeared in 1999 and stopped production in 2008 It has now been replaced by the Jaguar XF Early S Types suffered from reliability problems but those were mostly resolved by the 2004 model year 59 The Jaguar X Type was a compact executive car launched in 2001 while the company was under Ford ownership sharing its platform with the Ford Mondeo X Type production ended in 2009 60 The Jaguar XK was a luxury grand tourer introduced in 2006 where it replaced the XK8 The XK introduced an aluminium monocoque bodyshell and was available both as a two door coupe and two door cabriolet convertible 61 Production ceased in 2014 Jaguar XJ 2009 2019 The Jaguar XJ was a full size luxury saloon The model was in production since 1968 with production ceasing in 2019 with the first generation being the last Jaguar car to have creative input by the company s founder Sir William Lyons although this is disputed as some Jaguar historians claim that the second generation XJ the XJ40 series was the last car which Lyons had influenced The XJ40 originally launched in 1986 and went through two major revamps in 1994 X300 and 1997 X308 for a total production run of 17 years In early 2003 the third generation XJ the X350 arrived in showrooms and while the car s exterior and interior styling were traditional in appearance the car was completely re engineered Its styling attracted much criticism from many motoring journalists who claimed that the car looked old fashioned and barely more modern than its predecessor many even citing that the Lyons line had been lost in the translation from XJ40 into X350 XJ even though beneath the shell lay a highly advanced aluminium construction that put the XJ very near the top of its class 62 Jaguar responded to the criticism with the introduction of the fourth generation XJ launched in 2009 Its exterior styling is a departure from previous XJs with a more youthful contemporary stance following the design shift that came into effect previously with the company s XF and XK models 63 The 5 litre V8 engine in the XJ Supersport can accelerate the car from 0 to 60 mph 0 97 km h in 4 7 seconds and has a UK CO2 emission rating of 289 g km To cater to the limousine market all XJ models are offered with a longer wheelbase LWB as an option which increases the rear legroom 64 List Large executive 1935 1955 2 1 2 litre saloon 1937 1948 3 1 2 Litre saloon 1948 1951 Mark V 1951 1957 Mark VII amp VIIM 1957 1959 Mark VIII 1959 1961 Mark IX 1961 1966 Mark X 1966 1970 420G 1968 1987 XJ6 Series 1 2 amp 3 1972 1992 XJ12 1986 1994 XJ6 XJ40 1993 1994 XJ12 XJ81 1995 1997 XJ6 amp XJ12 X300 amp X301 1998 2003 XJ8 X308 2004 2007 XJ X350 2008 2009 XJ X358 Compact executive 1935 1949 1 1 2 Litre saloon 1955 1959 Mark 1 1959 1967 Mark 2 1963 1968 S type 1966 1968 420 1966 1968 240 amp 340 1999 2008 S type 2001 2009 X type 2007 2015 XF X250 Sports 1948 1954 XK120 1954 1957 XK140 1957 1961 XK150 1961 1974 E Type 1975 1996 XJ S 1992 1994 XJ220 1997 2006 XK8 XKR X100 2006 2014 XK X150 Racing and competition 1950s C Type 1950s D Type 1960s E Type Lightweight 1985 1992 XJR 5 through XJR 17 2009 XFR Bonneville Salt Flats speed record 2010 Jaguar RSR XKR GT2Concept carsE1A The 1950s E Type concept vehicle E2 A The second E Type concept vehicle which raced at LeMans and in the USA XJ13 1966 Built to race at LeMans never run Pirana 1967 Designed by Bertone Ascot 1977 XJ41 XJ42 1982 1990 the first F Type cancelled due to the Ford s takeover of Jaguar 65 XJ90 1988 1991 planned XJ40 replacement cancelled due to Ford s takeover of Jaguar 66 Kensington 1990 XK 180 1998 Roadster concept based on the XK8 F Type 2000 Roadster similar to the XK8 but smaller R Coupe 2001 Large four seater coupe Fuore XF 10 2003 R D6 2003 Compact four seat coupe XK RR A high performance version of last generation XK coupe XK RS Another performance spec version of last generation XK convertible Concept Eight 2004 Super luxury version of the long wheelbase model of the XJ C XF 2007 Precursor to the production model XF saloon C X75 2010 Hybrid electric sports car originally intended for production but cancelled in 2012 B99 2011 C X16 2011 Precursor to the production model F Type C X17 2013 First ever Jaguar SUV concept Project 7 a 542 bhp V8 powered speedster based on the F Type and inspired by the D Type 2013 67 Future Type 2017 EnginesJaguar has designed in house six generations of engines Historic XK6 Inline 6 V12 60 V12 AJ6 AJ16 22 Inline 6 AJ V6 60 V6 Ford designed Jaguar modified Current AJ V8 90 V8 AJ126 90 V6 AJD V6 60 V6 Ford designed Ingenium Inline 4MotorsportSee also Jaguar Racing and Jaguar XJR Sportscars Jaguar XJ S won the 1984 European Touring Car Championship The Jaguar R5 being driven by Mark Webber in 2004 the team s last season in F1 Jaguar has had major success in sports car racing particularly in the Le Mans 24 Hours Victories came in 1951 and 1953 with the C Type then in 1955 1956 and 1957 with the D Type The manager of the racing team during this period Lofty England later became CEO of Jaguar in the early 1970s Although the prototype XJ13 was built in the mid 1960s it was never raced and the famous race was then left for many years In 1982 a successful relationship with Tom Walkinshaw s TWR team commenced with the XJ S competing in the European Touring Car Championship which it won in 1984 68 In 1985 the TWR XJ S won the Bathurst 1000 race In the mid 1980s TWR started designing and preparing Jaguar V12 engined Group C cars for World Sports Prototype Championship races The team started winning regularly from 1987 and won Le Mans in 1988 and 1990 with the XJR series sports cars The Jaguar XJR 14 was the last of the XJRs to win taking the 1991 World Sportscar Championship In 1999 Ford decided that Jaguar would be the corporation s Formula One entry Ford bought out the Milton Keynes based Stewart Grand Prix team and rebranded it as Jaguar Racing for the 2000 season The Jaguar F1 program was not a success however achieving only two podium finishes in five seasons of competition between 2000 and 2004 At the end of 2004 with costs mounting and Ford s profits dwindling the F1 team was seen as an unneeded expense and was sold to Red Bull energy drinks owner Dietrich Mateschitz 69 and it became Red Bull Racing On 15 December 2015 it was announced that Jaguar would return to motorsport for the third season of Formula E On 15 June 2018 Jaguar Vector Racing broke the world speed record for an electric battery powered boat The Jaguar Vector V20E recorded an average speed of 88 61 mph across the two legs of the 1 km course on Coniston Water England 70 Notable sports racers Jaguar C Type 1951 1953 Jaguar D Type 1954 1957 Jaguar Lightweight E Type Jaguar XJ13 71 Jaguar XJR Sportscars Jaguar XJR 9 1988 XJ220 1988 XJR 15 1990 Jaguar and the artsThis section does not cite any sources Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed December 2021 Learn how and when to remove this template message Jaguar Art Project Shadows Saint Tropez 2011 For some time now when Jaguar has been active in the international arts scene In particular the company has collaborated with the artist Stefan Szczesny implementing major art projects In 2011 Jaguar presented the exhibition series Shadows which involved the installation of Szczesny s shadow sculptures in Sankt Moritz on Sylt and in Saint Tropez In 2012 a large number of sculptures ceramics and paintings were shown in Frankfurt and mainly in Frankfurt s Palmengarten As part of the collaboration with Szczesny Jaguar has released the Jaguar Art Collection citation needed See alsoList of car manufacturers of the United KingdomReferences a b Trade mark number EU000026625 Intellectual Property Office Crown UK Government Retrieved 24 January 2018 JAGUAR CARS LIMITED overview Find and update company information GOV UK Jaguar Land Rover 2012 Overview PDF Jaguar Land Rover 14 June 2012 Archived from the original PDF on 2 February 2013 Jaguar Group of companies is to merge with The British Motor Corporation Ltd as the first step towards the setting up of a joint holding company to be called British Motor Holdings Limited Official statement released at press conference at the Great Eastern Hotel London 1966 The Years 1989 to 1996 Jaguar Cars Ltd Archived from the original on 24 June 2009 Retrieved 19 June 2009 Cameron gets a new Jag to go with the new job Autoblog UK Uk autoblog com 13 May 2010 Retrieved 30 November 2010 The Royal Warrant Holders Association Directory of Royal Warrant Holders Archived from the original on 12 December 2007 Retrieved 24 December 2007 Jaguar car brand to be all electric by 2025 BBC News 15 February 2021 Retrieved 15 February 2021 Design Evolution 80 Years of Jaguar Part 1 Jaguar Jaguar Land Rover Retrieved 7 December 2018 The Years 1932 to 1935 Jaguar Cars Ltd Archived from the original on 1 June 2009 Retrieved 26 December 2008 S S Cars Limited The Times Wednesday 4 April 1945 pg 10 Issue 50108 a b The Lyons share interview with WL Motor 18 21 19 February 1972 Jaguar Archived from the original on 9 January 2014 Retrieved 22 June 2014 The classic has to be Grace Space Pace which was used throughout the 1950s and 1960s Clausager Anders Ditlev 2010 Jaguar A History of Grace and Pace MSN Archived from the original on 27 March 2014 Retrieved 2 September 2013 Walton Paul 13 December 2012 Grace Space Pace jaguar world com Archived from the original on 27 March 2014 Retrieved 27 March 2014 Peterborough Brave Creative 19 November 2010 Jaguar 75 Years of Grace Space and Pace themomentmagazine com Retrieved 27 March 2014 1306381302 a13c957db6 4840 jpg JPEG Image 374 500 pixels typophile com 28 August 2011 Archived from the original on 27 March 2014 Retrieved 27 March 2014 tumblr lwqh6th15q1qchs1zo1 1280 jpg JPEG Image 1280 1256 pixels 31 media tumblr com 24 December 2011 Archived from the original on 27 March 2014 Retrieved 27 March 2014 Sir William Lyons The Official Biography Philip Porter amp Paul Skilleter page 120 onwards The Years 1968 to 1979 Jaguar Cars Ltd Retrieved 26 December 2008 Utton M A 2003 9 Vertical integration and vertical mergers Market Dominance and Antitrust Policy Cheltenham Glos UK Edward Elgar Publishing p 226 ISBN 1 84064 728 0 LCCN 2002029832 Retrieved 6 November 2014 Douglas Scott Montagu Edward John Barrington amp Burgess Wise David 1995 Chapter 9 Under New Management Daimler Century The full history of Britain s oldest car maker Sparkford Nr Yeovil Somerset UK Patrick Stephens p 283 ISBN 1 85260 494 8 Sir George Harriman of the British Motor Corporation whose Pressed Steel subsidiary supplied Jaguar bodyshells offered Lyons a logical and beneficial merger deal which would leave Jaguar operating under Lyons s chairmanship as a separate entitiy and with the greatest practical degree of autonomy within a new organization called British Motor Holdings Limited British Motor Takes That New Label The Times No 56815 London 15 December 1966 p 17 page 49 Andrew M McLaughlin William A Maloney The European Automobile Industry Multi Level Governance Policy and Politics Taylor amp Francis e Library 2005 accessed 31 Jan 2013 Elliott Larry 22 November 2000 A whole world sold on sell offs The Guardian London Retrieved 26 December 2008 page 50 Andrew M McLaughlin William A Maloney The European Automobile Industry Multi Level Governance Policy and Politics Taylor amp Francis e Library 2005 Zetlin M 1986 John Egan Tough leadership turns Jaguar around Management Review 75 5 May 1986 20 20 The Badge on the Bonnet The Times Friday 3 November 1989 pg 13 Issue 63542 The Years 1989 to 1996 Jaguar Cars Ltd Archived from the original on 24 June 2009 Retrieved 19 June 2009 Although Land Rover remains profitable Ford has never managed to make money from its investment in Jaguar Tata buys Jaguar in 1 15bn deal BBC News 26 March 2008 Retrieved 3 September 2013 India s Tata confirms interest in Land Rover Jaguar Forbes AFX News Limited 24 August 2007 Archived from the original on 8 December 2007 Retrieved 18 December 2007 Clark Nick 4 January 2008 Tata in pole position to buy Jaguar and Land Rover marques from Ford The Independent London Archived from the original on 5 January 2008 Retrieved 4 January 2008 JCB s Sir Anthony Bamford eyes Jaguar Contract Journal 24 August 2006 Archived from the original on 31 May 2009 Doval Pankaj 24 December 2007 M amp M out of Jaguar Land Rover race Times News Network Retrieved 24 December 2007 Krisher Tom 3 January 2008 Indian Company Top Bidder for Jaguar Time Associated Press Archived from the original on 6 January 2008 Retrieved 4 January 2008 Tata set to clinch Jaguar Land Rover deal Report Press Trust of India 20 December 2007 Archived from the original on 23 December 2007 Retrieved 20 December 2007 Robbins Mathieu 17 December 2007 Ford set to pick Jaguar frontrunner in days source Reuters Archived from the original on 12 October 2012 Retrieved 16 February 2011 Ghosh Suprotip 3 January 2008 Super car technology headed for Tata stable Hindustan Times Archived from the original on 5 January 2008 Retrieved 4 January 2008 Leahy Joe Simon Bernard Yee Amy 4 January 2008 Tata falls for the attraction of opposites Financial Times Archived from the original on 10 December 2022 Retrieved 4 January 2008 Ball now in Tata Motors court to tie up deal Unite CNBC TV 18 3 January 2008 Retrieved 4 January 2008 Tata gets 3 billion loan from Citi JPMorgan source Reuters 18 March 2008 Archived from the original on 7 December 2008 Retrieved 18 March 2008 FORD MOTOR COMPANY ANNOUNCES AGREEMENT TO SELL JAGUAR LAND ROVER TO TATA MOTORS Press release Ford Motor Company 26 March 2008 Archived from the original on 12 June 2008 Retrieved 27 March 2008 5 for 2 special Tata acquires 3 other British marques in Jaguar Land Rover deal Leftlane News 28 March 2008 Retrieved 28 March 2008 Tata Motors completes acquisition of Jag Land Rover 2 June 2008 Retrieved 2 June 2008 On U S tour Mr Tata gives Jaguar and Rover dealers a hug AutoWeek Magazine Autoweek com Archived from the original on 17 January 2012 Retrieved 4 May 2009 Jobs warning at Jaguar Land Rover BBC News 26 June 2009 Retrieved 26 June 2009 2010 2011 Annual Report PDF Jaguar Land Rover PLC p 5 Archived PDF from the original on 26 January 2018 Retrieved 26 January 2018 Annual Report 2012 2013 PDF Jaguar Land Rover Automotive PLC p 91 Archived PDF from the original on 26 January 2018 Retrieved 26 January 2018 Jaguar History The Surrey Region Jaguar Enthusiasts Club Archived from the original on 30 June 2007 Tisshaw Mark 13 July 2017 2018 Jaguar E Pace officially revealed release date price and interior Autocar Retrieved 3 March 2018 Ingram Richard 21 October 2015 New Jaguar F Pace SUV Frankfurt debut prices engines and specs Auto Express Dennis Publishing Retrieved 3 March 2018 Healey James 2 July 2012 Disguised Jaguar F type sports car runs at Goodwood USA Today Retrieved 1 August 2012 CAR Magazine Jaguar F type 2013 first official pictures Retrieved 28 September 2012 Jaguar XE Launch Press Release New Jaguar saloon to be called XE Auto Express 4 March 2014 Retrieved 4 March 2014 Jaguar Cars UK Web Site jaguar co uk Retrieved 24 May 2010 British Cars for U S The Times 27 April 1948 p 2 Issue 51056 The monster and the myth It is the story they ve been waiting for with bated breath The Guardian 22 August 1992 On the Nardo track of southern Italy Martin Brundle the Grand Prix driver confirmed it as the fastest production car with 217mph narrowly quicker than the Bugatti The Ferrari 512 or earlier F40 does around 200mph The F40 boasts 0 60mph in 4 1 seconds The Lamborghini Diablo is 4 09 and Porsche 959 3 9 The Jaguar rates 3 85 Consumer Reports Buying Guide 2007 211 Wearden Graeme 15 July 2009 300 jobs lost at Jaguar s Halewood plant The Guardian London Retrieved 15 July 2009 Jaguar XK Guide carpages co uk Archived from the original on 7 June 2011 Retrieved 16 May 2010 Jaguar XJ Series Autocars Archived from the original on 9 July 2009 Retrieved 19 June 2009 Plisner Peter 9 July 2009 Changing face of Jaguar BBC News Retrieved 15 July 2009 Jaguar XJ models Jaguar Cars Ltd Retrieved 19 June 2009 permanent dead link Concepts and prototypes Jaguar XJ41 XJ42 1982 1990 AROnline 19 March 2021 Jaguar XJ90 the missing 1990s XJ finally breaks cover AROnline 17 July 2022 BBC Top Gear Retrieved 10 July 2013 Double loss for motor sport Motor Sport 16 December 2010 Retrieved 21 April 2014 Red Bull snaps up Jaguar F1 team BBC News 15 November 2004 Retrieved 21 April 2014 Jaguar Vector Racing Break Maritime Electric World Record Jaguar Vector Racing Jaguar Vector Racing 15 June 2018 Retrieved 16 June 2018 Jaguar XJ13 Building the Legend 14 June 2013 Archived from the original on 14 June 2013 Retrieved 14 June 2013 External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to Jaguar Cars Jaguar official website Jaguar Daimler Heritage Trust website Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Jaguar Cars amp oldid 1130105440, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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