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2016 Democratic Party presidential primaries

September 27, 2023

Presidential primaries and caucuses were organized by the Democratic Party to select the 4,051 delegates to the 2016 Democratic National Convention held July 25–28 and determine the nominee for president in the 2016 United States presidential election. The elections took place within all fifty U.S. states, the District of Columbia, five U.S. territories, and Democrats Abroad and occurred between February 1 and June 14, 2016.

2016 Democratic Party presidential primaries
← 2012 February 1 to June 14, 2016 2020 →
4,763 delegate votes to the Democratic National Convention
2,382 delegate votes needed to win
 
Candidate Hillary Clinton Bernie Sanders
Home state New York Vermont
Delegate count 2,842 1,865
Contests won 34 23
Popular vote 16,917,853[a][1] 13,210,550[a][1]
Percentage 55.2%[a] 43.1%[a]
2016 California Democratic primary2016 Oregon Democratic primary2016 Washington Democratic caucuses2016 Idaho Democratic caucuses2016 Nevada Democratic caucuses2016 Utah Democratic caucuses2016 Arizona Democratic primary2016 Montana Democratic primary2016 Wyoming Democratic caucuses2016 Colorado Democratic caucuses2016 New Mexico Democratic primary2016 North Dakota Democratic caucuses2016 South Dakota Democratic primary2016 Nebraska Democratic caucuses2016 Kansas Democratic caucuses2016 Oklahoma Democratic primary2016 Texas Democratic primary2016 Minnesota Democratic caucuses2016 Iowa Democratic caucuses2016 Missouri Democratic primary2016 Arkansas Democratic primary2016 Louisiana Democratic primary2016 Wisconsin Democratic primary2016 Illinois Democratic primary2016 Michigan Democratic primary2016 Indiana Democratic primary2016 Ohio Democratic primary2016 Kentucky Democratic primary2016 Tennessee Democratic primary2016 Mississippi Democratic primary2016 Alabama Democratic primary2016 Georgia Democratic primary2016 Florida Democratic primary2016 South Carolina Democratic primary2016 North Carolina Democratic primary2016 Virginia Democratic primary2016 West Virginia Democratic primary2016 District of Columbia Democratic primary2016 Maryland Democratic primary2016 Delaware Democratic primary2016 Pennsylvania Democratic primary2016 New Jersey Democratic primary2016 New York Democratic primary2016 Connecticut Democratic primary2016 Rhode Island Democratic primary2016 Vermont Democratic primary2016 New Hampshire Democratic primary2016 Maine Democratic caucuses2016 Massachusetts Democratic primary2016 Alaska Democratic caucuses2016 Hawaii Democratic caucuses2016 Puerto Rico Democratic primary2016 United States Virgin Islands Democratic caucuses2016 Northern Mariana Islands Democratic caucuses2016 American Samoa Democratic caucuses2016 Guam Democratic caucuses2016 Democrats Abroad primary
First place by initial pledged delegate allocation
Previous Democratic nominee

Barack Obama

 Democratic nominee

Hillary Clinton

A total of six major candidates entered the race starting April 12, 2015, when former Secretary of State and New York Senator Hillary Clinton formally announced her second bid for the presidency. She was followed by Vermont Senator Bernie Sanders, former Governor of Maryland Martin O'Malley, former Governor of Rhode Island Lincoln Chafee, former Virginia Senator Jim Webb and Harvard Law Professor Lawrence Lessig. A draft movement was started to encourage Massachusetts Senator Elizabeth Warren to seek the presidency, but Warren declined to run, as did incumbent Vice President Joe Biden. Webb, Chafee, and Lessig withdrew prior to the February 1, 2016, Iowa caucuses.[2][3]

Clinton won Iowa by the closest margin in the history of the state's Democratic caucus to date. O'Malley suspended[b] his campaign after a distant third-place finish, leaving Clinton and Sanders as the only two candidates. The race turned out to be more competitive than expected, with Sanders decisively winning New Hampshire, while Clinton subsequently won Nevada and won a landslide victory in South Carolina. Clinton then secured numerous important wins in each of the nine most populous states including California, New York, Florida, and Texas, while Sanders scored various victories in between. He then laid off a majority of staff after the New York primary and Clinton's multi-state sweep on April 26.[5] On June 6, the Associated Press and NBC News stated that Clinton had become the presumptive nominee after reaching the required number of delegates, including both pledged and unpledged delegates (superdelegates), to secure the nomination. In doing so, she became the first woman to ever be the presumptive nominee of any major political party in the United States.[6] On June 7, Clinton officially secured a majority of pledged delegates after winning in the California and New Jersey primaries.[7] President Barack Obama, Vice President Joe Biden and Senator Elizabeth Warren formally endorsed Clinton on June 9.[8][9] Sanders confirmed on June 24 that he would vote for Clinton over Donald Trump in the general election[10] and formally endorsed Clinton on July 12 in Portsmouth, New Hampshire.[11]

On July 22, WikiLeaks published the Democratic National Committee email leak, in which DNC operatives seemed to deride Bernie Sanders' campaign[12] and discuss ways to advance Clinton's nomination,[13] leading to the resignation of DNC chair Debbie Wasserman Schultz and other implicated officials. The leak was allegedly part of an operation by the Russian government to undermine Hillary Clinton.[14][15] Although the ensuing controversy initially focused on emails that dated from relatively late in the primary, when Clinton was already close to securing the nomination,[13] the emails cast doubt on the DNC's neutrality and, according to Sanders operatives and multiple media commentators, showed that the DNC had favored Clinton since early on.[16][17][18][19][20] This was evidenced by alleged bias in the scheduling and conduct of the debates,[c] as well as controversial DNC–Clinton agreements regarding financial arrangements and control over policy and hiring decisions.[d] Other media commentators have disputed the significance of the emails, arguing that the DNC's internal preference for Clinton was not historically unusual and did not affect the primary enough to sway the outcome, as Clinton received over 3 million more popular votes and 359 more pledged delegates than Sanders.[28][29][30][31][32] The controversies ultimately led to the formation of a DNC "unity" commission to recommend reforms in the party's primary process.[33][34]

On July 26, 2016, the Democratic National Convention officially nominated Clinton for president[35] and a day later, Virginia Senator Tim Kaine for vice president.[36] On November 8, 2016, Republican nominee Donald Trump defeated Clinton in the general election, though Clinton won the popular vote.

Candidates Edit

Main article: 2016 Democratic Party presidential candidates

Nominee Edit

Candidate Born Most recent position State Announced Candidacy Total pledged delegates Contests won[e] Running mate Ref.
 
Hillary Clinton 		October 26, 1947
(age 68)
Chicago, Illinois 		U.S. Secretary of State
(2009–2013) 		 
New York 		April 12, 2015  
(Campaign • Positions)
FEC Filing
Secured nomination:
June 2, 2016 		2205 / 4051 (54%) 34
AL, AR, AS, AZ,
CA, CT, DC, DE, FL,
GA, GU, IA, IL, KY,
LA, MA, MD, MO,
MP, MS, NC, NJ,
NM, NV, NY, OH,
PA, PR, SC, SD,[f]
TN, TX, VA, VI 		Tim Kaine [37]

Withdrew at the convention Edit

Candidate Born Most recent position State Announced Lost Nomination Candidacy Total pledged delegates Contests won[e] Ref.
 
Bernie Sanders 		September 8, 1941
(age 74)
Brooklyn, New York 		U.S. Senator from Vermont
(2007–present) 		 
Vermont 		April 30, 2015 July 26, 2016
(endorsed Hillary Clinton)[38]		  
(Campaign • Positions)
FEC Filing 		1846 / 4051 (46%) 23
AK, CO, DA, HI,
ID, IN, KS, ME,
MI, MN, MT, NE,[g]
NH, ND, OK, OR,
RI, UT, VT, WA,[h]
WI, WV, WY[f] 		[39]

Withdrew during the primaries Edit

Candidate Born Most recent position State Announced Withdrew Candidacy Ref
 
Martin O'Malley 		January 18, 1963
(age 53)
Washington, D.C. 		Governor of Maryland
(2007–2015) 		 
Maryland 		May 31, 2015 February 1, 2016
(endorsed Hillary Clinton)[40]		  
(Campaign • Website January 26, 2016, at the Wayback Machine)
FEC Filing 		[41][42]

Withdrew before the primaries Edit

Candidate Born Most recent position State Announced Withdrew Candidacy Ref
 
Lincoln Chafee 		March 26, 1953 (age 63)
Providence, Rhode Island 		Governor of Rhode Island (2011–2015)  
Rhode Island 		June 3, 2015 October 23, 2015
(endorsed Hillary Clinton)[43] 		 
(Campaign • Website) 		[44][45]
 
Jim Webb 		February 9, 1946 (age 70)
Saint Joseph, Missouri 		U.S. Senator from Virginia (2007–2013)  
Virginia 		July 7, 2015 October 20, 2015
(no endorsement) 		 
(Campaign • ) 		[46][47]
 
Lawrence Lessig 		June 3, 1961 (age 55)
Rapid City, South Dakota 		Professor at Harvard Law School (2009–2016)  
Massachusetts 		September 9, 2015 November 2, 2015
(no endorsement) 		 
(Campaign • ) 		[48][49]

Other candidates' results Edit

Further information: Democratic Party presidential candidates, 2016

The following candidates were frequently interviewed by news channels and were invited to forums and candidate debates. For reference, Clinton received 16,849,779 votes in the primaries.

Candidates in this section are sorted by number of votes received
Martin O'Malley Lawrence Lessig Jim Webb Lincoln Chafee
 
 
 
 
Governor of Maryland
(2007–2015) 		Harvard law professor
(2009–2016) 		U.S. Senator
from Virginia
(2007–2013) 		Governor of Rhode Island
(2011–2015)
Campaign Campaign Campaign Campaign
110,423 votes 4 write-in votes in New Hampshire 2 write-in votes in New Hampshire none

Other candidates participated in one or more state primaries without receiving major coverage or substantial vote counts.

Timeline Edit

Background Edit

 
Former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton in April 2015

In the weeks following the re-election of President Obama in the 2012 election, media speculation regarding potential candidates for the Democratic presidential nomination in the 2016 presidential election began to circulate. The speculation centered on the prospects of Clinton, then-Secretary of State, making a second presidential bid in the 2016 election. Clinton had previously served as a U.S. Senator for New York (2001–09) and was the First Lady of the U.S. (1993–2001).[50][51] A January 2013 Washington Post–ABC News poll indicated that she had high popularity among the American public.[52][53] This polling information prompted numerous political pundits and observers to anticipate that Clinton would mount a second presidential bid in 2016, entering the race as the early front-runner for the Democratic nomination.[54] From the party's liberal left wing came calls for a more progressive candidate to challenge what was perceived by many within this segment as the party's establishment.[55] Elizabeth Warren quickly became a highly touted figure within this movement as well as the object of a draft movement to run in the primaries,[56] despite her repeated denials of interest in doing so.[55][57] The MoveOn.org campaign 'Run Warren Run' announced that it would disband on June 8, 2015, opting to focus its efforts toward progressive issues.[58] The draft campaign's New Hampshire staffer, Kurt Ehrenberg, had joined Sanders' team and most of the remaining staffers were expected to follow suit.[59] Given the historical tendency for sitting vice presidents to seek the presidency in election cycles in which the incumbent president is not a candidate, there was also considerable speculation regarding a potential presidential run by incumbent Vice President Joe Biden,[60][61] who had previously campaigned for the Democratic presidential nomination in the election cycles of 1988 and 2008.[62] This speculation was further fueled by Biden's own expressions of interest in a possible run in 2016.[62][63] However, on October 21, 2015, speaking from a podium in the Rose Garden with his wife and President Obama by his side, Biden announced his decision not to enter the race, as he was still dealing with the loss of his son, Beau, who died weeks earlier at the age of 47. Biden would become the nominee for the Democratic Party four years later in the 2020 presidential election where he would go on to become the 46th President of the United States after defeating incumbent president Donald Trump in the general election.[64][65][66]

 
Senator Bernie Sanders during a rally, in July 2015

On May 26, 2015, Sanders officially announced his run as a presidential candidate for the Democratic nomination, after an informal announcement on April 30 and speculation since early 2014.[67][68][69] Sanders had previously served as Mayor of Burlington, Vermont (1981–89), Vermont's sole U.S. Representative (1991–2007) and Vermont's junior Senator (2007–present).[70] He emerged as the biggest rival to Hillary Clinton in the Democratic primaries, backed by a strong grassroots campaign and a social media following.[71] In November 2014, Jim Webb, a former U.S. Senator who had once served as the U.S. Secretary of the Navy during the Reagan administration, announced the formation of an exploratory committee in preparation for a possible run for the Democratic presidential nomination.[72] This made Webb the first major potential candidate to take a formal action toward seeking the party's 2016 nomination.[72] Martin O'Malley, former Governor of Maryland as well as a former Mayor of Baltimore, made formal steps toward a campaign for the party's nomination in January 2015 with the hiring and retaining of personnel who had served the previous year as political operatives in Iowa – the first presidential nominating state in the primary elections cycle – as staff for his political action committee (PAC). O'Malley had started the "O’ Say Can You See" PAC in 2012 which had, prior to 2015, functioned primarily as fundraising vehicles for various Democratic candidates, as well as for two 2014 ballot measures in Maryland.[73] With the 2015 staffing moves, the PAC ostensibly became a vehicle for O'Malley – who had for several months openly contemplated a presidential bid – to lay the groundwork for a potential campaign for the party's presidential nomination.[74] In August 2015, Lawrence Lessig unexpectedly announced his intention to enter the race, promising to run if his exploratory committee raised $1 million by Labor Day.[75][76] After accomplishing this, Lessig formally announced his campaign.[77] He described his candidacy as a referendum on electoral reform legislation, prioritizing a single issue: the Citizen Equality Act of 2017, a proposal that couples campaign finance reform with other laws aimed at curbing gerrymandering and ensuring voting access.[78][79]

Overview Edit

Jim Webb presidential campaign, 2016Lincoln Chafee presidential campaign, 2016Lawrence Lessig presidential campaign, 2016Martin O'Malley presidential campaign, 2016Bernie Sanders presidential campaign, 2016Hillary Clinton presidential campaign, 2016

February 2016: early primaries Edit

Despite being heavily favored in polls issued weeks earlier, Clinton was only able to defeat Sanders in the first-in-the-nation Iowa Caucus by the closest margin in the history of the contest: 49.8% to 49.6% (Clinton collected 700.47 state delegate equivalents to Sanders' 696.92, a difference of one-quarter of a percentage point).[80] This led to speculation that she won due to six coin-toss tiebreakers all resulting in her favor. However, the only challenge to the caucus' results was in a single precinct, which gave Clinton a fifth delegate.[81]

Date State/territory Clinton Sanders
February 1 Iowa 49.8% 49.6%
February 9 New Hampshire 38.0% 60.4%
February 20 Nevada 52.6% 47.3%
February 27 South Carolina 73.5% 26.0%

The victory, which was projected to award her 23 pledged national convention delegates (two more than Sanders), made Clinton the first woman to win the Caucus and marked a clear difference from 2008, where she finished in third place behind Obama and John Edwards.[82][83][84][85] Martin O'Malley suspended[b] his campaign after a disappointing third-place finish with only 0.5% of the state delegate equivalents awarded, leaving Clinton and Sanders the only two major candidates in the race.[86] A week later, Sanders won the New Hampshire primary, receiving 60.4% of the popular vote to Clinton's 38%, putting him ahead of Clinton in the overall pledged delegate count by four, and making him the first Jewish candidate of a major party to win a primary.[87][88][89] Hillary Clinton's loss in New Hampshire was a regression from 2008, when she defeated Obama, Edwards, and a handful of other candidates including Joe Biden with 39% of the popular vote.[90]

 
Bernie Sanders speaks in Littleton, New Hampshire

Sanders' narrow loss in Iowa and victory in New Hampshire generated speculation about a possible loss for Clinton in Nevada, the next state to hold its caucuses on February 20.[91][92] For her part, Clinton, who had won the state eight years prior in the 2008 Nevada Democratic caucuses, hoped that a victory would allay concerns about a possible repetition of 2008 when she ultimately lost to Obama despite entering the primary season as the favorite for the nomination.[93] Ultimately, Clinton emerged victorious with 52.6% of the county delegates, a margin of victory similar to her performance in 2008.[94] Sanders, who attained 47.3% of the vote, was projected to receive five fewer pledged delegates than Clinton and the result was not promising for the following weekend's primary in South Carolina, more demographically favorable to Clinton than the prior contests. On February 27, Clinton won the South Carolina primary with 73.5% of the vote, receiving a larger percentage of the African American vote than Barack Obama had eight years earlier – 90% to Obama's 80%.[95]

March 1, 2016: Super Tuesday Edit

Super Tuesday
State/territory Clinton Sanders
Alabama 77.8% 19.2%
American Samoa 68.4% 25.7%
Arkansas 66.3% 29.7%
Colorado 40.4% 59.0%
Georgia 71.3% 28.2%
Massachusetts 49.7% 48.3%
Minnesota 38.3% 61.7%
Oklahoma 41.5% 51.9%
Tennessee 66.1% 32.4%
Texas 65.2% 33.2%
Vermont 13.6% 86.1%
Virginia 64.3% 35.2%
 
Hillary Clinton during a rally, in March 2016

The 2016 primary schedule was significantly different from that of 2008. During that election cycle, many states moved their primaries or caucuses to earlier in the calendar to have greater influence over the race. In 2008, February 5 was the earliest date allowed by the Democratic National Committee, leading 23 states and territories to move their elections to that date, the biggest Super Tuesday to ever take place. For 2016, the calendar was more disparate than it was in 2008, with several groups of states voting on different dates, the most important being March 1, March 15, April 26 and June 7. The day with the most contests was March 1, 2016, in which primaries or caucuses were held in 11 states (including six in the Southern United States) and American Samoa. A total of 865 pledged delegates were at stake.

Clinton secured victories in all of the southern contests except Oklahoma. Her biggest victory of the day came in Alabama, where she won 77.8% of the vote against Sanders' 19.2%, although her most significant delegate prize came from Texas, where she received 65.2% of the vote with strong support from non-white as well as white voters. Collectively, the southern states gave Clinton a net gain of 165 pledged delegates.[96] Apart from the South, Clinton also narrowly defeated Sanders in Massachusetts, as well as winning in the territory of American Samoa. Sanders scored comfortable wins in the Minnesota and Colorado caucuses and Oklahoma primary and won an 86.1%–13.6% landslide in his home state of Vermont - one of only two times either of the two main candidates missed the 15% threshold in a state or territory, with the U.S. Virgin Islands, where Clinton received over 87% of the vote, being the other one. Although the results overall were unfavorable for Sanders, his four wins and narrow loss allowed him to remain in the race in anticipation of more favorable territory in New England, the Great Plains, Mountain States and the Pacific Northwest.[97] At the end of the day, Clinton collected 518 pledged delegates to Sanders' 347, taking her lead to 609–412, a difference of 197 pledged delegates.[98]

Mid-March contests Edit

Mid-March contests
State/territory Clinton Sanders
Florida 64.4% 33.3%
Illinois 50.5% 48.7%
Kansas 32.3% 67.7%
Louisiana 71.1% 23.2%
Maine 35.5% 64.3%
Michigan 48.3% 49.8%
Mississippi 82.6% 16.5%
Missouri 49.6% 49.4%
Nebraska 42.9% 57.1%
North Carolina 54.6% 40.8%
N. Mariana Islands 54.0% 34.4%
Ohio 56.5% 42.7%
 
Hillary Clinton speaks in Phoenix, Arizona, in March 2016
 
Bill Clinton campaigning for his wife in March 2016

Sanders found more hospitable ground on the weekend of March 5, 2016, winning caucuses in Kansas, Maine and Nebraska by significant margins. Clinton answered with an even larger win in Louisiana's primary, limiting Sanders' net gain for the weekend to only four delegates. Clinton would also win the Northern Mariana Islands caucus, held the following weekend on March 12. Two states had held nominating contests on March 8 – Michigan and Mississippi – with Clinton heavily favored to win both.[99][100] Mississippi went for Clinton, as expected, by a landslide margin. The Mississippi primary was the highest vote share Clinton won in any state. However, Sanders stunned by scoring a narrow win in Michigan.[101] Analysts floated a number of theories to explain the failure of the Michigan polling, with most centering on pollsters' erroneous assumptions about the composition of the electorate stemming from the 2008 primary in Michigan not having been contested due to an impasse between the state party and DNC.[102][103][104] Although Clinton expanded her delegate lead, some journalists suggested Sanders' upset might presage her defeat in other delegate-rich Midwestern states,[105] such as Missouri, Ohio and Illinois, who voted a week later on March 15, along with North Carolina and Florida, where Clinton was more clearly favored.[106][107] Clinton was able to sweep all five primaries, extending her pledged delegate lead by around 100 delegates, although Sanders was able to hold Clinton to narrow margins in her birth-state of Illinois and especially Missouri, where Clinton won by a mere 0.2 points.[108] Missouri state law allowed for a possible recount had any of the candidates requested it; however, Sanders forwent the opportunity on the basis that it would not significantly affect the delegate allocation.[109][110] By the end of the evening, Clinton had expanded her pledged delegate lead to more than 320, several times larger than her greatest deficit in the 2008 primary.[citation needed]

Late March and early April Edit

Late March / Early April contests
State/territory Clinton Sanders
Alaska 18.4% 81.6%
Arizona 56.5% 41.1%
Democrats Abroad 30.9% 68.9%
Hawaii 28.4% 71.5%
Idaho 21.2% 78.0%
Utah 20.3% 79.3%
Washington 27.1% 72.7%
Wisconsin 43.1% 56.6%
Wyoming 44.3% 55.7%

Following the March 15 primaries, the race moved to a series of contests more favorable for Sanders. On March 21, the results of the Democrats Abroad primary (held March 1–8) were announced. Sanders was victorious and picked up nine delegates to Clinton's four, closing his delegate deficit by five.[111] Arizona, Idaho and Utah held primaries on March 22, dubbed "Western Tuesday" by media.[112] Despite continued efforts by Sanders to close the gap in Arizona after his surprise win in Michigan, Clinton won the primary with 56.3% of the vote.[113] However, Clinton lost both Idaho and Utah by roughly 60 points, allowing Sanders to close his delegate deficit by 25.[114][115]

 
Sanders speaks in Seattle, Washington, March 2016

The next states to vote were Alaska, Hawaii and Washington on March 26, 2016.[116] All three states were considered as favorable for Sanders, and most political analysts expected him to win them all, given the demographics and Sanders' strong performance in previous caucuses.[116] Sanders finished the day with a net gain of roughly 66 delegates over Clinton. His largest win was in Alaska, where he defeated Clinton with 82% of the vote, although the majority of his delegate gain came from the considerably more populous state of Washington, which he won by a 46% margin, outperforming then-Senator Obama's 2008 results, when he defeated Clinton 68%–31%.[117][118] The Clinton and Sanders campaigns reached an agreement on April 4 for a ninth debate to take place on April 14 (five days before the New York primary) in Brooklyn, New York, which would air on CNN and NY1.[119] On April 5, Sanders won the Wisconsin primary by 13 and 1/2 percentage points, closing his delegate deficit by 10 more. The Wyoming caucuses were held on April 9, which Sanders won with 55.7% of the state convention delegates choosing him; however, Clinton had a stronger showing than expected, given her demographic disadvantage and that she did not campaign personally in the state. Each candidate was estimated to have earned 7 of Wyoming's 14 pledged delegates.[120]

Late April and May Edit

Late April and May
State/territory Clinton Sanders
New York 58.0% 42.0%
Connecticut 51.7% 46.5%
Delaware 59.8% 39.2%
Maryland 63.0% 33.3%
Pennsylvania 55.6% 43.6%
Rhode Island 43.3% 55.0%
Indiana 47.5% 52.5%
Guam 59.5% 40.5%
West Virginia 35.8% 51.4%
Kentucky 46.8% 46.3%
Oregon 42.5% 55.9%
 
Sanders speaks in Brooklyn, New York, April 2016

On April 19, Clinton won New York by 16 points. While Sanders performed well in Upstate New York and with younger voters, Clinton performed well among all other age groups and non-whites, and she won a majority in all boroughs of New York City.[121]

Five Northeastern states held primaries a week later on April 26. The day was dubbed the "Super Tuesday III" or the "Acela Primary" after Amtrak's Acela Express train service that connects these states.[122] Clinton won in Delaware, Maryland, Pennsylvania and Connecticut while Sanders won the Rhode Island primary.

On May 3, Sanders pulled off a surprise victory in the Indiana primary, winning over Clinton by a five-point margin despite trailing in all the state's polls.[123] Clinton then won the Guam caucus on May 7[124] and, on May 10, she won the non-binding Nebraska primary[125] while Sanders won in West Virginia.

Clinton narrowly won Kentucky on May 17 by half a percentage point and gained one delegate, after heavily campaigning in the state. On the same day, Sanders won his second closed primary in Oregon where he gained nine delegates, a net gain of eight on the day. Clinton then went on to win the non-binding Washington primary on May 24.[126]

June contests Edit

June contests
State/territory Clinton Sanders
Virgin Islands 87.1% 12.9%
Puerto Rico 59.4% 37.5%
California 53.1% 46.0%
Montana 44.6% 51.0%
New Jersey 63.3% 36.7%
New Mexico 51.5% 48.5%
North Dakota 25.6% 64.2%
South Dakota 51.0% 49.0%
District of Columbia 78.7% 21.1%
 
Clinton speaks in Washington, D.C., June 2016

June contained the final contests of the Democratic primaries, and both Sanders and Clinton invested heavily into winning the California primary. Clinton led the polls in California but some predicted a narrow race.[127] On June 4 and 5, Clinton won two decisive victories in the Virgin Islands caucus[128] and Puerto Rico primary.[129] On June 6, both the Associated Press and NBC News reported that Clinton had sufficient support from pledged and unpledged delegates to become the presumptive Democratic nominee.[130] Clinton's campaign seemed reluctant to accept the mantle of "presumptive nominee" before all the voting was concluded,[131] while Sanders' campaign stated it would continue to run and accused the media of a "rush to judgement."[132] Six states held their primaries on June 7. Clinton won in California, New Jersey, New Mexico and South Dakota. Sanders won Montana and North Dakota, the latter being the only caucus contest held on that day.[133] Clinton finally declared victory on the evening of June 7, as the results ensured that she had won a majority of the pledged delegates and the popular vote.[133] Sanders stated he would continue to run for the Democratic Party's nomination in the final primary in the District of Columbia on June 14,[134] which Clinton won. Both campaigns met at a downtown Washington D.C. hotel after the primary.[135] The Sanders campaign said that they would release a video statement on June 16 to clarify the future of Sanders' campaign; the video announced that Sanders looked forward to help Clinton defeat Trump.[136] On July 12, 2016, Sanders endorsed Clinton in Portsmouth, New Hampshire.[137]

July 2016: National Convention and email leaks Edit

Email leaks Edit

Main articles: Democratic National Committee cyber attacks and 2016 Democratic National Committee email leak

On July 22, 2016, WikiLeaks released online tens of thousands of messages leaked from the e-mail accounts of seven key DNC staff.[138] Some e-mails showed two DNC staffers discussing the possibility that Sanders' possible atheism might harm him in a general election with religious voters. Others showed a few staffers had expressed personal preferences that Clinton should become the nominee, suggesting that the party's leadership had worked to undermine Bernie Sanders' presidential campaign.[138] Then-DNC chair Debbie Wasserman Schultz called the accusations lies.[138] The furor raised over this matter escalated to Wasserman Schultz's resignation ahead of the convention,[139] and that of Marshals, Dacey, and Communications Director Luis Miranda afterwards.[140] Following Wasserman Schultz's resignation, then-DNC Vice Chair Donna Brazile took over as interim DNC chairwoman for the convention and remained so until February 2017.[141] In November 2017, Brazile said in her book and related interviews that the Clinton campaign and the DNC had colluded 'unethically' by giving the Clinton campaign control over the DNC's personnel and press releases before the primary in return for funding to eliminate the DNC's remaining debt from 2012 campaign,[26] in addition to using the DNC and state committees to funnel campaign-limitation-exceeding donations to her campaign.[142] Internal memos later surfaced, claiming that these measures were not meant to affect the nominating process despite their timing.[143] At the end of June 2016, it was claimed that "more money [from the Hillary Victory Fund] will be moved to the state parties in the coming months."[144] Brazile later clarified that she claimed the process was 'unethical', but 'not a criminal act'.[16][145]

DNC officials including chairman Tom Perez pointed out that the same joint-fundraising agreement had been offered to Sanders and applied only to the general election; however, the Clinton campaign also had a second agreement that granted it additional, unusual oversight over hiring and policy, even though the text of the agreement insisted on the DNC's impartiality and focus on the general election.[146] Brazile later denied that the primary was rigged, because "no votes were overturned," but described herself as "very upset" about a DNC–Clinton fundraising agreement.[147] The Washington Post characterized Brazile's eventual argument as: "Clinton exerted too much power but did win the nomination fairly."[148]

Russian involvement Edit

After the general election, the U.S. intelligence community and the Special Counsel investigation assessed that the leaks were part of a larger interference campaign by the Russian government to cause political instability in the United States and to damage the Hillary Clinton campaign by bolstering the candidacies of Donald Trump, Bernie Sanders, and Jill Stein.[149][150][151][152] The Russian government is alleged to have promoted Sanders beginning in 2015 as a way to weaken or defeat Clinton, who Russian President Vladimir Putin opposed. The influence campaign by the Internet Research Agency targeted Sanders voters through social media and encouraged them to vote for a third party candidate or abstain from voting. Sanders denounced these efforts and urged his supporters to support Clinton in the general election.[153]

When news of the DNC leak first surfaced in June 2016, the Russian government denied allegations of hacking.[154] WikiLeaks founder Julian Assange also stated that the Russian government was not source of the leak.[155] In July 2018, the special counsel indicted 12 Russian intelligence officers for hacking and leaking the emails.[156]

National Convention Edit

Main article: 2016 Democratic National Convention

The 2016 Democratic National Convention was held from July 25–28 at the Wells Fargo Center in Philadelphia, with some events at the Pennsylvania Convention Center. The delegates selected the Democratic presidential and vice-presidential nominees and wrote the party platform. A simple majority of 2,383 delegates was needed to win the presidential nomination.[157] While most of the delegates were bound on the first ballot according to the results of the primaries, a progressively larger number of pledged delegates would have become unbound if the nomination required more than one ballot.[158] Clinton was nominated on the first ballot by acclamation, although all states were allowed to announce how they would have voted under a typical roll call vote. On July 12, 2016, the Vermont delegates had supported Clinton in Sanders' request; asking for party unity, he dropped out on July 26, 2016, and announced he would return to the Senate as an independent.[159]

Graphical summary of polling Edit

Further information: Nationwide opinion polling for the 2016 Democratic Party presidential primaries

 

Campaign finance Edit

This is an overview of the money used in the campaign as it is reported to Federal Election Commission (FEC) and released on April 27, 2016. Outside groups are independent expenditure only committees—also called PACs and SuperPACs. Several such groups normally support each candidate, but the numbers in the table are a total of all of them. This means that a group of committees can be shown as technically insolvent (shown in red) even though it is not the case of all of them. The Campaign Committee's debt is shown in red if the campaign is technically insolvent. The source of all the numbers is OpenSecrets.[160] Some spending totals are not available, due to withdrawals before the FEC deadline.

Campaign committee (as of April 30) Outside groups (as of May 16) Total spent Campaign
suspended[b]
Money raised Money spent Cash on hand Debt Money raised Money spent Cash on hand
Hillary Clinton[161] $204,258,301 $174,101,369 $30,156,932 $612,248 $84,815,067 $38,332,454 $46,482,614 $212,433,823 Convention
Bernie Sanders[162] $227,678,274 $219,695,969 $8,015,274 $898,879 $869,412 $1,069,765 $-200,353 $220,765,734 July 26
Martin O'Malley $6,073,767 $5,965,205 $108,562 $19,423 $1,105,138 $1,298,967 $-193,829 $7,264,172 February 1
Lawrence Lessig $1,196,753 N/A N/A N/A $0 $0 $0 N/A November 2
Jim Webb $764,992 $558,151 $206,842 $0 $27,092 $31,930 $-4,838 $590,081 October 20
Lincoln Chafee $418,136 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A October 23

Process Edit

See also: United States presidential primary § Process

The Democratic Party presidential primaries and caucuses are indirect elections in which voters elect delegates to the 2016 Democratic National Convention; these delegates in turn directly elect the Democratic Party's presidential nominee. In some states, the party may disregard voters' selection of delegates or selected delegates may vote for any candidate at the state or national convention (non-binding primary or caucus). In other states, state laws and party rules require the party to select delegates according to votes, and delegates must vote for a particular candidate (binding primary or caucus). There are 4,051 pledged delegates and 714 superdelegates in the 2016 cycle.[163] Under the party's delegate selection rules, the number of pledged delegates allocated to each of the 50 U.S. states and Washington, D.C. is determined using a formula based on three main factors:

  1. The proportion of votes each state gave to the Democratic candidate in the last three presidential elections (2004, 2008, and 2012)
  2. The number of electoral votes each state has in the United States Electoral College.
  3. The stage of the primary season when they held their contest. States and territories that held their contests later are given bonus seats.

A candidate must win 2,383 delegates at the national convention, in order to win the 2016 Democratic presidential nomination.[163] For the U.S. territories of Puerto Rico, American Samoa, Guam, the U.S. Virgin Islands and for Democrats Abroad, fixed numbers of pledged delegates are allocated. All states and territories then must have used a proportional representation system, where their pledged delegates were awarded proportionally to the election results.[164] A candidate must receive at least 15% of the popular vote to win pledged delegates in a state. The current 714 unpledged superdelegates (or "soft" delegates) included members of the United States House of Representatives and Senate, state and territorial governors, members of the Democratic National Committee, and other party leaders. Because of possible deaths, resignations, or the results of intervening or special elections, the final number of these superdelegates may be reduced before the convention.[164] The Democratic National Committee also imposed rules for states that wished to hold early contests in 2016. No state was permitted to hold a primary or caucus in January and only Iowa, New Hampshire, South Carolina, and Nevada were entitled to February contests. Any state that violated these rules were penalized half its pledged delegates and all its superdelegates to the 2016 convention.[164]

Schedule and results Edit

Main article: Results of the 2016 Democratic Party presidential primaries

     

The following are the results of candidates that won at least one state. These candidates were on the ballots for every state, territory and federal district contest. The results of caucuses did not always have attached preference polls and attendance was extremely limited. The unpledged delegate count did not always reflect the latest declared preferences.

Date State/territory Calculated delegates Type[i] Popular vote or equivalent[j] Estimated delegates[k]
Clinton
 
 Sanders
 
 Clinton Sanders Available[l]
P U T P U T P U T P U T
Feb 1 Iowa[165] 44 7 51 Semi-open caucus 700 SDE (49.8%) 697 SDE (49.6%) 23 6 29 21 0 21 0 1 1
Feb 9 New Hampshire[166] 24 8 32 Semi-closed primary 95,355 (37.7%) 152,193 (60.1%) 9 6 15 15 1 16 0 1 1
Feb 20 Nevada[167] 35 8 43 Closed caucus 6,316 CD (52.6%) 5,678 CD (47.3%) 20 7 27 15 1 16 0 0 0
Feb 27 South Carolina[168] 53 6 59 Open primary 272,379 (73.4%) 96,498 (26.0%) 39 5 44 14 0 14 0 1 1
Mar 1 Alabama[169] 53 7 60 Open primary 309,926 (77.8%) 76,401 (19.2%) 44 6 50 9 0 9 0 1 1
American Samoa[170] 6 5 11 Closed caucus 162 (68.4%) 61 (25.7%) 4 4 8 2 1 3 0 0 0
Arkansas[171] 32 5 37 Open primary 146,057 (66.1%) 66,236 (30.0%) 22 5 27 10 0 10 0 0 0
Colorado[172] 66 12 78 Closed caucus 49,789 (40.3%) 72,846 (59.0%) 25 9 34 41 0 41 0 3 3
Georgia[173] 102 15 117 Open primary 543,008 (71.3%) 214,332 (28.2%) 73 11 84 29 0 29 0 4 4
Massachusetts[174][175] 91 24 115 Semi-closed primary 606,822 (49.7%) 589,803 (48.3%) 46 21 67 45 1 46 0 2 2
Minnesota[176] 77 16 93 Open caucus 73,510 (38.4%) 118,135 (61.6%) 31 12 43 46 2 48 0 2 2
Oklahoma[177][178] 38 4 42 Semi-closed primary 139,443 (41.5%) 174,228 (51.9%) 17 1 18 21 1 22 0 2 2
Tennessee[179] 67 8 75 Open primary 245,930 (66.1%) 120,800 (32.5%) 44 8 52 23 0 23 0 0 0
Texas[180] 222 29 251 Open primary 936,004 (65.2%) 476,547 (33.2%) 147 21 168 75 0 75 0 8 8
Vermont[181][182] 16 10 26 Open primary 18,338 (13.6%) 115,900 (85.7%) 0 5 5 16 5 21 0 0 0
Virginia[183] 95 13 108 Open primary 504,741 (64.3%) 276,370 (35.2%) 62 12 74 33 0 33 0 1 1
Mar 5 Kansas[184] 33 4 37 Closed caucus 12,593 (32.3%) 26,450 (67.7%) 10 4 14 23 0 23 0 0 0
Louisiana[185] 51 8 59 Closed primary 221,733 (71.1%) 72,276 (23.2%) 37 6 43 14 0 14 0 2 2
Nebraska[186] 25 5 30 Closed caucus 14,340 (42.9%) 19,120 (57.1%) 10 3 13 15 1 16 0 1 1
Mar 6 Maine[187] 25 5 30 Closed caucus 1,232 SCD (35.5%) 2,231 SCD (64.3%) 8 4 12 17 1 18 0 0 0
Mar 1–8 Democrats Abroad[188] 13 4[m] 17 Closed primary 10,689 (30.9%) 23,779 (68.9%) 4 2½ 6½ 9 ½ 9½ 0 1 1
Mar 8 Michigan[189][190] 130 17 147 Open primary 581,775 (48.3%) 598,943 (49.7%) 63 13 76 67 0 67 0 4 4
Mississippi[191] 36 5 41 Open primary 187,334 (82.5%) 37,748 (16.6%) 31 3 34 5 2 7 0 0 0
Mar 12 Northern Marianas[192] 6 5 11 Closed caucus 102 (54.0%) 65 (34.4%) 4 5 9 2 0 2 0 0 0
Mar 15 Florida[193][194] 214 32 246 Closed primary 1,101,414 (64.4%) 568,839 (33.3%) 141 24 165 73 2 75 0 6 6
Illinois[195] 156 27 183 Open primary 1,039,555 (50.6%) 999,494 (48.6%) 79 24 103 77 1 78 0 1[l] 1[l]
Missouri[196] 71 13 84 Open primary 312,285 (49.6%) 310,711 (49.4%) 36 11 47 35 0 35 0 2 2
North Carolina[197] 107 14 121 Semi-closed primary 622,915 (54.5%) 467,018 (40.9%) 60 9 69 47 2 49 0 3 3
Ohio[198][199] 143 17 160 Semi-open primary 696,681 (56.1%) 535,395 (43.1%) 81 16 97 62 1 63 0 0 0
Mar 22 Arizona[200][201] 75 10 85 Closed primary 262,459 (56.3%) 192,962 (41.4%) 42 6 48 33 1 34 0 3 3
Idaho[202] 23 4 27 Open caucus 5,065 (21.2%) 18,640 (78.0%) 5 1 6 18 2 20 0 1 1
Utah[203] 33 4 37 Semi-open caucus 15,666 (20.3%) 61,333 (79.3%) 6 2 8 27 2 29 0 0 0
Mar 26 Alaska[204][205] 16 4 20 Closed caucus 2,146 (20.2%) 8,447 (79.6%) 3 1 4 13 1 14 0 2 2
Hawaii[206] 25 9 34 Semi-closed caucus 10,125 (30.0%) 23,530 (69.8%) 8 5 13 17 2 19 0 2 2
Washington[207] 101 17 118 Open caucus 7,140 LDD (27.1%) 19,159 LDD (72.7%) 27 11 38 74 0 74 0 6 6
Apr 5 Wisconsin[208][209] 86 10 96 Open primary 433,739 (43.1%) 570,192 (56.6%) 38 9 47 48 1 49 0 0 0
Apr 9 Wyoming[210] 14 4 18 Closed caucus 124 SCD (44.3%) 156 SCD (55.7%) 7 4 11 7 0 7 0 0 0
Apr 19 New York[211][212][213] 247 44 291 Closed primary 1,133,980 (57.5%) 820,256 (41.6%) 139 41 180 108 0 108 0 3 3
Apr 26 Connecticut[214][215] 55 16 71 Closed primary 170,045 (51.8%) 152,379 (46.4%) 28 15 43 27 0 27 0 1 1
Delaware[216][217] 21 11 32 Closed primary 55,954 (59.8%) 36,662 (39.2%) 12 11 23 9 0 9 0 0 0
Maryland[218][219] 95 24 119 Closed primary 573,242 (62.5%) 309,990 (33.8%) 60 17 77 35 1 36 0 6 6
Pennsylvania[220] 189 19 208 Closed primary 935,107 (55.6%) 731,881 (43.5%) 106 19 125 83 0 83 0 1 1
Rhode Island[221][222] 24 9 33 Semi-closed primary 52,749 (43.1%) 66,993 (54.7%) 11 9 20 13 0 13 0 0 0
May 3 Indiana[223] 83 9 92 Open primary 303,705 (47.5%) 335,074 (52.5%) 39 7 46 44 0 44 0 2 2
May 7 Guam[224] 7 5 12 Closed caucus 777 (59.5%) 528 (40.5%) 4 5 9 3 0 3 0 0 0
May 10 Nebraska[225] — Closed primary 42,692 (53.1%) 37,744 (46.9%) Non-binding primary with no delegates allocated.
West Virginia[226] 29 8 37 Semi-closed primary 86,914 (35.8%) 124,700 (51.4%) 11 6 17 18 2 20 0 0 0
May 17 Kentucky[227][228] 55 5 60 Closed primary 212,534 (46.8%) 210,623 (46.3%) 28 2 30 27 0 27 0 3 3
Oregon[229][230] 61 13 74 Closed primary 269,846 (42.1%) 360,829 (56.2%) 25 7 32 36 3 39 0 3 3
May 24 Washington[231] — Open primary[232][n] 420,461 (52.4%) 382,293 (47.6%) Non-binding primary with no delegates allocated.
Jun 4 Virgin Islands[233][234][235] 7 5 12 Closed caucus 1,326 (87.12%) 196 (12.88%) 7 5 12 0 0 0 0 0 0
Jun 5 Puerto Rico[236] 60 7 67 Open primary 52,658 (59.7%) 33,368 (37.9%) 37 6 43 23 0 23 0 1 1
Jun 7 California[237][238] 475 76 551 Semi-closed primary 2,745,302 (53.1%) 2,381,722 (46.0%) 254 66 320 221 0 221 0 10 10
Montana[239][240] 21 6 27 Open primary 55,805 (44.2%) 65,156 (51.6%) 10 5 15 11 1 12 0 0 0
New Jersey[241][242][243] 126 16 142 Semi-closed primary 566,247 (63.3%) 328,058 (36.7%) 79 12 91 47 2 49 0 2 2
New Mexico[244][245] 34 9 43 Closed primary 111,334 (51.5%) 104,741 (48.5%) 18 9 27 16 0 16 0 0 0
North Dakota[246] 18 5 23 Open caucus[247][o] 106 SCD (25.6%) 258 SCD (64.2%) 5 1 6 13 1 14 0 3 3
South Dakota[248][249] 20 5 25 Semi-closed primary[250] 27,047 (51.0%) 25,959 (49.0%) 10 2 12 10 0 10 0 3 3
Jun 14 District of Columbia[251][252] 20 25 45 Closed primary 76,704 (78.0%) 20,361 (20.7%) 16 23 39 4 2 6 0 0 0
Total 4,051 712 4,763 16,847,084
(55.20%)[a]		 13,168,222
(43.14%)[a]		 2,205 570½ 2,775½ 1,846 43½ 1,889½ 0 97[l] 97[l]
Date State/territory P U T Type Clinton Sanders P U T P U T P U T
Calculated delegates Popular vote or equivalent Clinton delegates Sanders delegates Available delegates

Superdelegate endorsements Edit

Main article: List of 2016 Democratic Party superdelegates

Superdelegates are elected officials and members of the Democratic National Committee who vote at the Democratic National Convention for their preferred candidate. Also known as unpledged delegates, they comprise 15% of the convention (712 votes out of 4,763) and they may change their preference at any time. The table below reflects current public endorsements of candidates by superdelegates, as detailed and sourced in the full list above. Because commonly referenced estimates of superdelegate support, including those by CNN[253] and the AP,[254] do not identify individual delegates as supporting a given candidate, their published tallies may differ from the totals computed here.

Distinguished party leaders Governors Senators Representatives DNC members Totals
Hillary Clinton 17 20 45 177 313½ 572½
Bernie Sanders 1 0 2 7 32½ 42½
Martin O'Malley 0 0 0 0 1 1
No endorsement 2 1 0 7 86 96
Totals 20 21 47 191 433 712

Note: Democrats Abroad Superdelegates are assigned half-votes; each of them accounts for ½ rather than 1 in the table above.

Close states Edit

Source:[255]

States where the margin of victory was under 1%:

  1. Missouri, 0.25%
  2. Iowa, 0.25%
  3. Kentucky, 0.42%

States where the margin of victory was under 5%:

  1. Massachusetts, 1.40%
  2. Michigan, 1.42%
  3. Illinois, 1.95%
  4. South Dakota, 2.06%
  5. New Mexico, 3.06%
  6. Indiana, 4.92%

States where the margin of victory was under 10%:

  1. Nevada, 5.28%
  2. Connecticut, 5.38%
  3. California, 7.03%
  4. Montana, 7.40%

States where the margin of victory was under 20%:

  1. Oklahoma, 10.36%
  2. Rhode Island, 11.63%
  3. Pennsylvania, 12.08%
  4. Ohio, 12.99%
  5. Wisconsin, 13.54%
  6. Wyoming, 13.64%
  7. North Carolina, 13.64%
  8. Oregon, 14.18%
  9. Nebraska, 14.28%
  10. Arizona, 14.90%
  11. West Virginia, 15.57%
  12. New York, 16.06%
  13. Colorado, 18.68%

Maps Edit

  •  

    Breakdown of the results in vote distribution, by state

  •  

    Results of popular vote, by county

  •  

    Results in popular vote margin, by state

  •  

    Results in popular vote margin, by county

  •  

    Breakdown of the results in pledged delegates, by state

  •  

    Breakdown of the results in total delegate count, by state

  •  

    Results in pledged delegates, by state

See also Edit

Related

Democratic Party articles

Presidential primaries

National conventions

Notes Edit

  1. ^ a b c d e f Does not include popular vote totals from Iowa, Maine, Nevada, North Dakota, Washington, Wyoming, or non-binding primaries
  2. ^ a b c In US elections, suspending a campaign allows candidates to cease active campaigning while still legally raising funds to pay off their debts.[4]
  3. ^ As far back as 2015, the sharp reduction of the debate schedule, as well as the days and times, had been criticized by multiple rivals as biased in Clinton's favor.[21] The DNC denied bias, claiming to be cracking down on the non-sanctioned debates that proliferated in recent cycles, while leaving the number of officially sanctioned debates the same as in 2004 and 2008.[22][23] Donna Brazile, who succeeded Debbie Wasserman Schultz as DNC chair after the first batch of leaks,[24] was shown in the emails leaking primary debate questions to the Clinton campaign before the debates were held, although a senior aide to Sanders came to Brazile's defense and tried to downplay the issue.[25]
  4. ^ Brazile went on to write a book about the primary and what she called "unethical" behavior in which the DNC (after its debt from 2012 was resolved by the Clinton campaign) gave the Clinton campaign control over hirings and press releases, and allegedly helped it circumvent campaign finance regulation.[26] Several Democratic leaders responded that the joint-fundraising agreement was standard, was for the purpose of the general election, and was also offered to the Sanders campaign. However, another agreement that came to light gave the Clinton campaign powers over the DNC well before the primary was decided. Some media commentators noted that the Clinton campaign's level of influence on staffing decisions was indeed unusual and could have ultimately influenced factors such as the debate schedule.[27][28]
  5. ^ a b According to popular vote or pledged delegate count (not counting superdelegates); see below for detail.
  6. ^ a b Pledged delegates split evenly between Sanders and Clinton.
  7. ^ Hillary Clinton won the non-binding Nebraska Democratic Primary.
  8. ^ Hillary Clinton won the non-binding Washington Democratic Primary.
  9. ^ Differences between types:
    • Open: Anyone can participate regardless of their registered party affiliation.
    • Semi-open: Anyone can participate except registered Republicans.
    • Semi-closed: Only registered Democrats or undeclared can participate.
    • Closed: Only registered Democrats can participate.
  10. ^ Differences between types:
    • CD: 'Popular vote' tallies the county delegates.
    • LDD: 'Popular vote' tallies the legislative district delegates.
    • SCD: 'Popular vote' tallies the state convention delegates.
    • SDE: 'Popular vote' tallies the state delegate equivalents.
  11. ^ Pledged delegates are elected with the understanding that they will support a specific candidate.
    Unpledged delegates (superdelegates) are not required to voice support for a specific candidate.
  12. ^ a b c d e One Illinois superdelegate is still committed to O'Malley. Therefore, the total number of available delegates is one less than expected.
  13. ^ There are 8 unpledged delegates from Democrats Abroad that each cast half a vote at the national convention.
  14. ^ Open to all voters excluding those who caucused with the Republicans on February 20.
  15. ^ Open to all voters, though those who attend must state they will identify as a Democrat for the 2016 election.

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External links Edit

September 27, 2023
2016, democratic, party, presidential, primaries, presidential, primaries, caucuses, were, organized, democratic, party, select, delegates, 2016, democratic, national, convention, held, july, determine, nominee, president, 2016, united, states, presidential, e. Presidential primaries and caucuses were organized by the Democratic Party to select the 4 051 delegates to the 2016 Democratic National Convention held July 25 28 and determine the nominee for president in the 2016 United States presidential election The elections took place within all fifty U S states the District of Columbia five U S territories and Democrats Abroad and occurred between February 1 and June 14 2016 2016 Democratic Party presidential primaries 2012 February 1 to June 14 2016 2020 4 763 delegate votes to the Democratic National Convention2 382 delegate votes needed to win Candidate Hillary Clinton Bernie SandersHome state New York VermontDelegate count 2 842 1 865Contests won 34 23Popular vote 16 917 853 a 1 13 210 550 a 1 Percentage 55 2 a 43 1 a First place by initial pledged delegate allocationFirst place by convention roll callFirst place by initial pledged delegate allocation Hillary Clinton Bernie Sanders First place by convention roll call Hillary Clinton Bernie Sanders TiePrevious Democratic nomineeBarack Obama Democratic nominee Hillary Clinton A total of six major candidates entered the race starting April 12 2015 when former Secretary of State and New York Senator Hillary Clinton formally announced her second bid for the presidency She was followed by Vermont Senator Bernie Sanders former Governor of Maryland Martin O Malley former Governor of Rhode Island Lincoln Chafee former Virginia Senator Jim Webb and Harvard Law Professor Lawrence Lessig A draft movement was started to encourage Massachusetts Senator Elizabeth Warren to seek the presidency but Warren declined to run as did incumbent Vice President Joe Biden Webb Chafee and Lessig withdrew prior to the February 1 2016 Iowa caucuses 2 3 Clinton won Iowa by the closest margin in the history of the state s Democratic caucus to date O Malley suspended b his campaign after a distant third place finish leaving Clinton and Sanders as the only two candidates The race turned out to be more competitive than expected with Sanders decisively winning New Hampshire while Clinton subsequently won Nevada and won a landslide victory in South Carolina Clinton then secured numerous important wins in each of the nine most populous states including California New York Florida and Texas while Sanders scored various victories in between He then laid off a majority of staff after the New York primary and Clinton s multi state sweep on April 26 5 On June 6 the Associated Press and NBC News stated that Clinton had become the presumptive nominee after reaching the required number of delegates including both pledged and unpledged delegates superdelegates to secure the nomination In doing so she became the first woman to ever be the presumptive nominee of any major political party in the United States 6 On June 7 Clinton officially secured a majority of pledged delegates after winning in the California and New Jersey primaries 7 President Barack Obama Vice President Joe Biden and Senator Elizabeth Warren formally endorsed Clinton on June 9 8 9 Sanders confirmed on June 24 that he would vote for Clinton over Donald Trump in the general election 10 and formally endorsed Clinton on July 12 in Portsmouth New Hampshire 11 On July 22 WikiLeaks published the Democratic National Committee email leak in which DNC operatives seemed to deride Bernie Sanders campaign 12 and discuss ways to advance Clinton s nomination 13 leading to the resignation of DNC chair Debbie Wasserman Schultz and other implicated officials The leak was allegedly part of an operation by the Russian government to undermine Hillary Clinton 14 15 Although the ensuing controversy initially focused on emails that dated from relatively late in the primary when Clinton was already close to securing the nomination 13 the emails cast doubt on the DNC s neutrality and according to Sanders operatives and multiple media commentators showed that the DNC had favored Clinton since early on 16 17 18 19 20 This was evidenced by alleged bias in the scheduling and conduct of the debates c as well as controversial DNC Clinton agreements regarding financial arrangements and control over policy and hiring decisions d Other media commentators have disputed the significance of the emails arguing that the DNC s internal preference for Clinton was not historically unusual and did not affect the primary enough to sway the outcome as Clinton received over 3 million more popular votes and 359 more pledged delegates than Sanders 28 29 30 31 32 The controversies ultimately led to the formation of a DNC unity commission to recommend reforms in the party s primary process 33 34 On July 26 2016 the Democratic National Convention officially nominated Clinton for president 35 and a day later Virginia Senator Tim Kaine for vice president 36 On November 8 2016 Republican nominee Donald Trump defeated Clinton in the general election though Clinton won the popular vote Contents 1 Candidates 1 1 Nominee 1 2 Withdrew at the convention 1 3 Withdrew during the primaries 1 4 Withdrew before the primaries 1 5 Other candidates results 2 Timeline 2 1 Background 2 2 Overview 2 3 February 2016 early primaries 2 4 March 1 2016 Super Tuesday 2 5 Mid March contests 2 6 Late March and early April 2 7 Late April and May 2 8 June contests 2 9 July 2016 National Convention and email leaks 2 9 1 Email leaks 2 9 1 1 Russian involvement 2 9 2 National Convention 3 Graphical summary of polling 4 Campaign finance 5 Process 6 Schedule and results 7 Superdelegate endorsements 8 Close states 9 Maps 10 See also 11 Notes 12 References 13 External linksCandidates EditMain article 2016 Democratic Party presidential candidates Nominee Edit Candidate Born Most recent position State Announced Candidacy Total pledged delegates Contests won e Running mate Ref nbsp Hillary Clinton October 26 1947 age 68 Chicago Illinois U S Secretary of State 2009 2013 nbsp New York April 12 2015 nbsp Campaign Positions FEC FilingSecured nomination June 2 2016 2205 4051 54 34 AL AR AS AZ CA CT DC DE FL GA GU IA IL KY LA MA MD MO MP MS NC NJ NM NV NY OH PA PR SC SD f TN TX VA VI Tim Kaine 37 Withdrew at the convention Edit Candidate Born Most recent position State Announced Lost Nomination Candidacy Total pledged delegates Contests won e Ref nbsp Bernie Sanders September 8 1941 age 74 Brooklyn New York U S Senator from Vermont 2007 present nbsp Vermont April 30 2015 July 26 2016 endorsed Hillary Clinton 38 nbsp Campaign Positions FEC Filing 1846 4051 46 23 AK CO DA HI ID IN KS ME MI MN MT NE g NH ND OK OR RI UT VT WA h WI WV WY f 39 Withdrew during the primaries Edit Candidate Born Most recent position State Announced Withdrew Candidacy Ref nbsp Martin O Malley January 18 1963 age 53 Washington D C Governor of Maryland 2007 2015 nbsp Maryland May 31 2015 February 1 2016 endorsed Hillary Clinton 40 nbsp Campaign Website Archived January 26 2016 at the Wayback Machine FEC Filing 41 42 Withdrew before the primaries Edit Candidate Born Most recent position State Announced Withdrew Candidacy Ref nbsp Lincoln Chafee March 26 1953 age 63 Providence Rhode Island Governor of Rhode Island 2011 2015 nbsp Rhode Island June 3 2015 October 23 2015 endorsed Hillary Clinton 43 nbsp Campaign Website 44 45 nbsp Jim Webb February 9 1946 age 70 Saint Joseph Missouri U S Senator from Virginia 2007 2013 nbsp Virginia July 7 2015 October 20 2015 no endorsement nbsp Campaign Website 46 47 nbsp Lawrence Lessig June 3 1961 age 55 Rapid City South Dakota Professor at Harvard Law School 2009 2016 nbsp Massachusetts September 9 2015 November 2 2015 no endorsement nbsp Campaign Website 48 49 Other candidates results Edit Further information Democratic Party presidential candidates 2016 The following candidates were frequently interviewed by news channels and were invited to forums and candidate debates For reference Clinton received 16 849 779 votes in the primaries Candidates in this section are sorted by number of votes receivedMartin O Malley Lawrence Lessig Jim Webb Lincoln Chafee nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp Governor of Maryland 2007 2015 Harvard law professor 2009 2016 U S Senatorfrom Virginia 2007 2013 Governor of Rhode Island 2011 2015 Campaign Campaign Campaign Campaign110 423 votes 4 write in votes in New Hampshire 2 write in votes in New Hampshire noneOther candidates participated in one or more state primaries without receiving major coverage or substantial vote counts Timeline EditBackground Edit nbsp Former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton in April 2015In the weeks following the re election of President Obama in the 2012 election media speculation regarding potential candidates for the Democratic presidential nomination in the 2016 presidential election began to circulate The speculation centered on the prospects of Clinton then Secretary of State making a second presidential bid in the 2016 election Clinton had previously served as a U S Senator for New York 2001 09 and was the First Lady of the U S 1993 2001 50 51 A January 2013 Washington Post ABC News poll indicated that she had high popularity among the American public 52 53 This polling information prompted numerous political pundits and observers to anticipate that Clinton would mount a second presidential bid in 2016 entering the race as the early front runner for the Democratic nomination 54 From the party s liberal left wing came calls for a more progressive candidate to challenge what was perceived by many within this segment as the party s establishment 55 Elizabeth Warren quickly became a highly touted figure within this movement as well as the object of a draft movement to run in the primaries 56 despite her repeated denials of interest in doing so 55 57 The MoveOn org campaign Run Warren Run announced that it would disband on June 8 2015 opting to focus its efforts toward progressive issues 58 The draft campaign s New Hampshire staffer Kurt Ehrenberg had joined Sanders team and most of the remaining staffers were expected to follow suit 59 Given the historical tendency for sitting vice presidents to seek the presidency in election cycles in which the incumbent president is not a candidate there was also considerable speculation regarding a potential presidential run by incumbent Vice President Joe Biden 60 61 who had previously campaigned for the Democratic presidential nomination in the election cycles of 1988 and 2008 62 This speculation was further fueled by Biden s own expressions of interest in a possible run in 2016 62 63 However on October 21 2015 speaking from a podium in the Rose Garden with his wife and President Obama by his side Biden announced his decision not to enter the race as he was still dealing with the loss of his son Beau who died weeks earlier at the age of 47 Biden would become the nominee for the Democratic Party four years later in the 2020 presidential election where he would go on to become the 46th President of the United States after defeating incumbent president Donald Trump in the general election 64 65 66 nbsp Senator Bernie Sanders during a rally in July 2015On May 26 2015 Sanders officially announced his run as a presidential candidate for the Democratic nomination after an informal announcement on April 30 and speculation since early 2014 67 68 69 Sanders had previously served as Mayor of Burlington Vermont 1981 89 Vermont s sole U S Representative 1991 2007 and Vermont s junior Senator 2007 present 70 He emerged as the biggest rival to Hillary Clinton in the Democratic primaries backed by a strong grassroots campaign and a social media following 71 In November 2014 Jim Webb a former U S Senator who had once served as the U S Secretary of the Navy during the Reagan administration announced the formation of an exploratory committee in preparation for a possible run for the Democratic presidential nomination 72 This made Webb the first major potential candidate to take a formal action toward seeking the party s 2016 nomination 72 Martin O Malley former Governor of Maryland as well as a former Mayor of Baltimore made formal steps toward a campaign for the party s nomination in January 2015 with the hiring and retaining of personnel who had served the previous year as political operatives in Iowa the first presidential nominating state in the primary elections cycle as staff for his political action committee PAC O Malley had started the O Say Can You See PAC in 2012 which had prior to 2015 functioned primarily as fundraising vehicles for various Democratic candidates as well as for two 2014 ballot measures in Maryland 73 With the 2015 staffing moves the PAC ostensibly became a vehicle for O Malley who had for several months openly contemplated a presidential bid to lay the groundwork for a potential campaign for the party s presidential nomination 74 In August 2015 Lawrence Lessig unexpectedly announced his intention to enter the race promising to run if his exploratory committee raised 1 million by Labor Day 75 76 After accomplishing this Lessig formally announced his campaign 77 He described his candidacy as a referendum on electoral reform legislation prioritizing a single issue the Citizen Equality Act of 2017 a proposal that couples campaign finance reform with other laws aimed at curbing gerrymandering and ensuring voting access 78 79 Overview Edit NomineeEnded campaignsIowa CaucusesSuper TuesdayD C PrimaryConvention 2016 February 2016 early primaries Edit Despite being heavily favored in polls issued weeks earlier Clinton was only able to defeat Sanders in the first in the nation Iowa Caucus by the closest margin in the history of the contest 49 8 to 49 6 Clinton collected 700 47 state delegate equivalents to Sanders 696 92 a difference of one quarter of a percentage point 80 This led to speculation that she won due to six coin toss tiebreakers all resulting in her favor However the only challenge to the caucus results was in a single precinct which gave Clinton a fifth delegate 81 Date State territory Clinton SandersFebruary 1 Iowa 49 8 49 6 February 9 New Hampshire 38 0 60 4 February 20 Nevada 52 6 47 3 February 27 South Carolina 73 5 26 0 The victory which was projected to award her 23 pledged national convention delegates two more than Sanders made Clinton the first woman to win the Caucus and marked a clear difference from 2008 where she finished in third place behind Obama and John Edwards 82 83 84 85 Martin O Malley suspended b his campaign after a disappointing third place finish with only 0 5 of the state delegate equivalents awarded leaving Clinton and Sanders the only two major candidates in the race 86 A week later Sanders won the New Hampshire primary receiving 60 4 of the popular vote to Clinton s 38 putting him ahead of Clinton in the overall pledged delegate count by four and making him the first Jewish candidate of a major party to win a primary 87 88 89 Hillary Clinton s loss in New Hampshire was a regression from 2008 when she defeated Obama Edwards and a handful of other candidates including Joe Biden with 39 of the popular vote 90 nbsp Bernie Sanders speaks in Littleton New HampshireSanders narrow loss in Iowa and victory in New Hampshire generated speculation about a possible loss for Clinton in Nevada the next state to hold its caucuses on February 20 91 92 For her part Clinton who had won the state eight years prior in the 2008 Nevada Democratic caucuses hoped that a victory would allay concerns about a possible repetition of 2008 when she ultimately lost to Obama despite entering the primary season as the favorite for the nomination 93 Ultimately Clinton emerged victorious with 52 6 of the county delegates a margin of victory similar to her performance in 2008 94 Sanders who attained 47 3 of the vote was projected to receive five fewer pledged delegates than Clinton and the result was not promising for the following weekend s primary in South Carolina more demographically favorable to Clinton than the prior contests On February 27 Clinton won the South Carolina primary with 73 5 of the vote receiving a larger percentage of the African American vote than Barack Obama had eight years earlier 90 to Obama s 80 95 March 1 2016 Super Tuesday Edit Super Tuesday State territory Clinton SandersAlabama 77 8 19 2 American Samoa 68 4 25 7 Arkansas 66 3 29 7 Colorado 40 4 59 0 Georgia 71 3 28 2 Massachusetts 49 7 48 3 Minnesota 38 3 61 7 Oklahoma 41 5 51 9 Tennessee 66 1 32 4 Texas 65 2 33 2 Vermont 13 6 86 1 Virginia 64 3 35 2 nbsp Hillary Clinton during a rally in March 2016The 2016 primary schedule was significantly different from that of 2008 During that election cycle many states moved their primaries or caucuses to earlier in the calendar to have greater influence over the race In 2008 February 5 was the earliest date allowed by the Democratic National Committee leading 23 states and territories to move their elections to that date the biggest Super Tuesday to ever take place For 2016 the calendar was more disparate than it was in 2008 with several groups of states voting on different dates the most important being March 1 March 15 April 26 and June 7 The day with the most contests was March 1 2016 in which primaries or caucuses were held in 11 states including six in the Southern United States and American Samoa A total of 865 pledged delegates were at stake Clinton secured victories in all of the southern contests except Oklahoma Her biggest victory of the day came in Alabama where she won 77 8 of the vote against Sanders 19 2 although her most significant delegate prize came from Texas where she received 65 2 of the vote with strong support from non white as well as white voters Collectively the southern states gave Clinton a net gain of 165 pledged delegates 96 Apart from the South Clinton also narrowly defeated Sanders in Massachusetts as well as winning in the territory of American Samoa Sanders scored comfortable wins in the Minnesota and Colorado caucuses and Oklahoma primary and won an 86 1 13 6 landslide in his home state of Vermont one of only two times either of the two main candidates missed the 15 threshold in a state or territory with the U S Virgin Islands where Clinton received over 87 of the vote being the other one Although the results overall were unfavorable for Sanders his four wins and narrow loss allowed him to remain in the race in anticipation of more favorable territory in New England the Great Plains Mountain States and the Pacific Northwest 97 At the end of the day Clinton collected 518 pledged delegates to Sanders 347 taking her lead to 609 412 a difference of 197 pledged delegates 98 Mid March contests Edit Mid March contests State territory Clinton SandersFlorida 64 4 33 3 Illinois 50 5 48 7 Kansas 32 3 67 7 Louisiana 71 1 23 2 Maine 35 5 64 3 Michigan 48 3 49 8 Mississippi 82 6 16 5 Missouri 49 6 49 4 Nebraska 42 9 57 1 North Carolina 54 6 40 8 N Mariana Islands 54 0 34 4 Ohio 56 5 42 7 nbsp Hillary Clinton speaks in Phoenix Arizona in March 2016 nbsp Bill Clinton campaigning for his wife in March 2016Sanders found more hospitable ground on the weekend of March 5 2016 winning caucuses in Kansas Maine and Nebraska by significant margins Clinton answered with an even larger win in Louisiana s primary limiting Sanders net gain for the weekend to only four delegates Clinton would also win the Northern Mariana Islands caucus held the following weekend on March 12 Two states had held nominating contests on March 8 Michigan and Mississippi with Clinton heavily favored to win both 99 100 Mississippi went for Clinton as expected by a landslide margin The Mississippi primary was the highest vote share Clinton won in any state However Sanders stunned by scoring a narrow win in Michigan 101 Analysts floated a number of theories to explain the failure of the Michigan polling with most centering on pollsters erroneous assumptions about the composition of the electorate stemming from the 2008 primary in Michigan not having been contested due to an impasse between the state party and DNC 102 103 104 Although Clinton expanded her delegate lead some journalists suggested Sanders upset might presage her defeat in other delegate rich Midwestern states 105 such as Missouri Ohio and Illinois who voted a week later on March 15 along with North Carolina and Florida where Clinton was more clearly favored 106 107 Clinton was able to sweep all five primaries extending her pledged delegate lead by around 100 delegates although Sanders was able to hold Clinton to narrow margins in her birth state of Illinois and especially Missouri where Clinton won by a mere 0 2 points 108 Missouri state law allowed for a possible recount had any of the candidates requested it however Sanders forwent the opportunity on the basis that it would not significantly affect the delegate allocation 109 110 By the end of the evening Clinton had expanded her pledged delegate lead to more than 320 several times larger than her greatest deficit in the 2008 primary citation needed Late March and early April Edit Late March Early April contests State territory Clinton SandersAlaska 18 4 81 6 Arizona 56 5 41 1 Democrats Abroad 30 9 68 9 Hawaii 28 4 71 5 Idaho 21 2 78 0 Utah 20 3 79 3 Washington 27 1 72 7 Wisconsin 43 1 56 6 Wyoming 44 3 55 7 Following the March 15 primaries the race moved to a series of contests more favorable for Sanders On March 21 the results of the Democrats Abroad primary held March 1 8 were announced Sanders was victorious and picked up nine delegates to Clinton s four closing his delegate deficit by five 111 Arizona Idaho and Utah held primaries on March 22 dubbed Western Tuesday by media 112 Despite continued efforts by Sanders to close the gap in Arizona after his surprise win in Michigan Clinton won the primary with 56 3 of the vote 113 However Clinton lost both Idaho and Utah by roughly 60 points allowing Sanders to close his delegate deficit by 25 114 115 nbsp Sanders speaks in Seattle Washington March 2016The next states to vote were Alaska Hawaii and Washington on March 26 2016 116 All three states were considered as favorable for Sanders and most political analysts expected him to win them all given the demographics and Sanders strong performance in previous caucuses 116 Sanders finished the day with a net gain of roughly 66 delegates over Clinton His largest win was in Alaska where he defeated Clinton with 82 of the vote although the majority of his delegate gain came from the considerably more populous state of Washington which he won by a 46 margin outperforming then Senator Obama s 2008 results when he defeated Clinton 68 31 117 118 The Clinton and Sanders campaigns reached an agreement on April 4 for a ninth debate to take place on April 14 five days before the New York primary in Brooklyn New York which would air on CNN and NY1 119 On April 5 Sanders won the Wisconsin primary by 13 and 1 2 percentage points closing his delegate deficit by 10 more The Wyoming caucuses were held on April 9 which Sanders won with 55 7 of the state convention delegates choosing him however Clinton had a stronger showing than expected given her demographic disadvantage and that she did not campaign personally in the state Each candidate was estimated to have earned 7 of Wyoming s 14 pledged delegates 120 Late April and May Edit Late April and May State territory Clinton SandersNew York 58 0 42 0 Connecticut 51 7 46 5 Delaware 59 8 39 2 Maryland 63 0 33 3 Pennsylvania 55 6 43 6 Rhode Island 43 3 55 0 Indiana 47 5 52 5 Guam 59 5 40 5 West Virginia 35 8 51 4 Kentucky 46 8 46 3 Oregon 42 5 55 9 nbsp Sanders speaks in Brooklyn New York April 2016On April 19 Clinton won New York by 16 points While Sanders performed well in Upstate New York and with younger voters Clinton performed well among all other age groups and non whites and she won a majority in all boroughs of New York City 121 Five Northeastern states held primaries a week later on April 26 The day was dubbed the Super Tuesday III or the Acela Primary after Amtrak s Acela Express train service that connects these states 122 Clinton won in Delaware Maryland Pennsylvania and Connecticut while Sanders won the Rhode Island primary On May 3 Sanders pulled off a surprise victory in the Indiana primary winning over Clinton by a five point margin despite trailing in all the state s polls 123 Clinton then won the Guam caucus on May 7 124 and on May 10 she won the non binding Nebraska primary 125 while Sanders won in West Virginia Clinton narrowly won Kentucky on May 17 by half a percentage point and gained one delegate after heavily campaigning in the state On the same day Sanders won his second closed primary in Oregon where he gained nine delegates a net gain of eight on the day Clinton then went on to win the non binding Washington primary on May 24 126 June contests Edit June contests State territory Clinton SandersVirgin Islands 87 1 12 9 Puerto Rico 59 4 37 5 California 53 1 46 0 Montana 44 6 51 0 New Jersey 63 3 36 7 New Mexico 51 5 48 5 North Dakota 25 6 64 2 South Dakota 51 0 49 0 District of Columbia 78 7 21 1 nbsp Clinton speaks in Washington D C June 2016June contained the final contests of the Democratic primaries and both Sanders and Clinton invested heavily into winning the California primary Clinton led the polls in California but some predicted a narrow race 127 On June 4 and 5 Clinton won two decisive victories in the Virgin Islands caucus 128 and Puerto Rico primary 129 On June 6 both the Associated Press and NBC News reported that Clinton had sufficient support from pledged and unpledged delegates to become the presumptive Democratic nominee 130 Clinton s campaign seemed reluctant to accept the mantle of presumptive nominee before all the voting was concluded 131 while Sanders campaign stated it would continue to run and accused the media of a rush to judgement 132 Six states held their primaries on June 7 Clinton won in California New Jersey New Mexico and South Dakota Sanders won Montana and North Dakota the latter being the only caucus contest held on that day 133 Clinton finally declared victory on the evening of June 7 as the results ensured that she had won a majority of the pledged delegates and the popular vote 133 Sanders stated he would continue to run for the Democratic Party s nomination in the final primary in the District of Columbia on June 14 134 which Clinton won Both campaigns met at a downtown Washington D C hotel after the primary 135 The Sanders campaign said that they would release a video statement on June 16 to clarify the future of Sanders campaign the video announced that Sanders looked forward to help Clinton defeat Trump 136 On July 12 2016 Sanders endorsed Clinton in Portsmouth New Hampshire 137 July 2016 National Convention and email leaks Edit Email leaks Edit Main articles Democratic National Committee cyber attacks and 2016 Democratic National Committee email leak On July 22 2016 WikiLeaks released online tens of thousands of messages leaked from the e mail accounts of seven key DNC staff 138 Some e mails showed two DNC staffers discussing the possibility that Sanders possible atheism might harm him in a general election with religious voters Others showed a few staffers had expressed personal preferences that Clinton should become the nominee suggesting that the party s leadership had worked to undermine Bernie Sanders presidential campaign 138 Then DNC chair Debbie Wasserman Schultz called the accusations lies 138 The furor raised over this matter escalated to Wasserman Schultz s resignation ahead of the convention 139 and that of Marshals Dacey and Communications Director Luis Miranda afterwards 140 Following Wasserman Schultz s resignation then DNC Vice Chair Donna Brazile took over as interim DNC chairwoman for the convention and remained so until February 2017 141 In November 2017 Brazile said in her book and related interviews that the Clinton campaign and the DNC had colluded unethically by giving the Clinton campaign control over the DNC s personnel and press releases before the primary in return for funding to eliminate the DNC s remaining debt from 2012 campaign 26 in addition to using the DNC and state committees to funnel campaign limitation exceeding donations to her campaign 142 Internal memos later surfaced claiming that these measures were not meant to affect the nominating process despite their timing 143 At the end of June 2016 it was claimed that more money from the Hillary Victory Fund will be moved to the state parties in the coming months 144 Brazile later clarified that she claimed the process was unethical but not a criminal act 16 145 DNC officials including chairman Tom Perez pointed out that the same joint fundraising agreement had been offered to Sanders and applied only to the general election however the Clinton campaign also had a second agreement that granted it additional unusual oversight over hiring and policy even though the text of the agreement insisted on the DNC s impartiality and focus on the general election 146 Brazile later denied that the primary was rigged because no votes were overturned but described herself as very upset about a DNC Clinton fundraising agreement 147 The Washington Post characterized Brazile s eventual argument as Clinton exerted too much power but did win the nomination fairly 148 Russian involvement Edit After the general election the U S intelligence community and the Special Counsel investigation assessed that the leaks were part of a larger interference campaign by the Russian government to cause political instability in the United States and to damage the Hillary Clinton campaign by bolstering the candidacies of Donald Trump Bernie Sanders and Jill Stein 149 150 151 152 The Russian government is alleged to have promoted Sanders beginning in 2015 as a way to weaken or defeat Clinton who Russian President Vladimir Putin opposed The influence campaign by the Internet Research Agency targeted Sanders voters through social media and encouraged them to vote for a third party candidate or abstain from voting Sanders denounced these efforts and urged his supporters to support Clinton in the general election 153 When news of the DNC leak first surfaced in June 2016 the Russian government denied allegations of hacking 154 WikiLeaks founder Julian Assange also stated that the Russian government was not source of the leak 155 In July 2018 the special counsel indicted 12 Russian intelligence officers for hacking and leaking the emails 156 National Convention Edit Main article 2016 Democratic National Convention The 2016 Democratic National Convention was held from July 25 28 at the Wells Fargo Center in Philadelphia with some events at the Pennsylvania Convention Center The delegates selected the Democratic presidential and vice presidential nominees and wrote the party platform A simple majority of 2 383 delegates was needed to win the presidential nomination 157 While most of the delegates were bound on the first ballot according to the results of the primaries a progressively larger number of pledged delegates would have become unbound if the nomination required more than one ballot 158 Clinton was nominated on the first ballot by acclamation although all states were allowed to announce how they would have voted under a typical roll call vote On July 12 2016 the Vermont delegates had supported Clinton in Sanders request asking for party unity he dropped out on July 26 2016 and announced he would return to the Senate as an independent 159 Graphical summary of polling EditFurther information Nationwide opinion polling for the 2016 Democratic Party presidential primaries nbsp Campaign finance EditThis is an overview of the money used in the campaign as it is reported to Federal Election Commission FEC and released on April 27 2016 Outside groups are independent expenditure only committees also called PACs and SuperPACs Several such groups normally support each candidate but the numbers in the table are a total of all of them This means that a group of committees can be shown as technically insolvent shown in red even though it is not the case of all of them The Campaign Committee s debt is shown in red if the campaign is technically insolvent The source of all the numbers is OpenSecrets 160 Some spending totals are not available due to withdrawals before the FEC deadline Campaign committee as of April 30 Outside groups as of May 16 Total spent Campaignsuspended b Money raised Money spent Cash on hand Debt Money raised Money spent Cash on handHillary Clinton 161 204 258 301 174 101 369 30 156 932 612 248 84 815 067 38 332 454 46 482 614 212 433 823 ConventionBernie Sanders 162 227 678 274 219 695 969 8 015 274 898 879 869 412 1 069 765 200 353 220 765 734 July 26Martin O Malley 6 073 767 5 965 205 108 562 19 423 1 105 138 1 298 967 193 829 7 264 172 February 1Lawrence Lessig 1 196 753 N A N A N A 0 0 0 N A November 2Jim Webb 764 992 558 151 206 842 0 27 092 31 930 4 838 590 081 October 20Lincoln Chafee 418 136 N A N A N A N A N A N A N A October 23Process EditSee also United States presidential primary Process The Democratic Party presidential primaries and caucuses are indirect elections in which voters elect delegates to the 2016 Democratic National Convention these delegates in turn directly elect the Democratic Party s presidential nominee In some states the party may disregard voters selection of delegates or selected delegates may vote for any candidate at the state or national convention non binding primary or caucus In other states state laws and party rules require the party to select delegates according to votes and delegates must vote for a particular candidate binding primary or caucus There are 4 051 pledged delegates and 714 superdelegates in the 2016 cycle 163 Under the party s delegate selection rules the number of pledged delegates allocated to each of the 50 U S states and Washington D C is determined using a formula based on three main factors The proportion of votes each state gave to the Democratic candidate in the last three presidential elections 2004 2008 and 2012 The number of electoral votes each state has in the United States Electoral College The stage of the primary season when they held their contest States and territories that held their contests later are given bonus seats A candidate must win 2 383 delegates at the national convention in order to win the 2016 Democratic presidential nomination 163 For the U S territories of Puerto Rico American Samoa Guam the U S Virgin Islands and for Democrats Abroad fixed numbers of pledged delegates are allocated All states and territories then must have used a proportional representation system where their pledged delegates were awarded proportionally to the election results 164 A candidate must receive at least 15 of the popular vote to win pledged delegates in a state The current 714 unpledged superdelegates or soft delegates included members of the United States House of Representatives and Senate state and territorial governors members of the Democratic National Committee and other party leaders Because of possible deaths resignations or the results of intervening or special elections the final number of these superdelegates may be reduced before the convention 164 The Democratic National Committee also imposed rules for states that wished to hold early contests in 2016 No state was permitted to hold a primary or caucus in January and only Iowa New Hampshire South Carolina and Nevada were entitled to February contests Any state that violated these rules were penalized half its pledged delegates and all its superdelegates to the 2016 convention 164 Schedule and results EditMain article Results of the 2016 Democratic Party presidential primaries nbsp nbsp nbsp The following are the results of candidates that won at least one state These candidates were on the ballots for every state territory and federal district contest The results of caucuses did not always have attached preference polls and attendance was extremely limited The unpledged delegate count did not always reflect the latest declared preferences Date State territory Calculated delegates Type i Popular vote or equivalent j Estimated delegates k Clinton nbsp Sanders nbsp Clinton Sanders Available l P U T P U T P U T P U TFeb 1 Iowa 165 44 7 51 Semi open caucus 700 SDE 49 8 697 SDE 49 6 23 6 29 21 0 21 0 1 1Feb 9 New Hampshire 166 24 8 32 Semi closed primary 95 355 37 7 152 193 60 1 9 6 15 15 1 16 0 1 1Feb 20 Nevada 167 35 8 43 Closed caucus 6 316 CD 52 6 5 678 CD 47 3 20 7 27 15 1 16 0 0 0Feb 27 South Carolina 168 53 6 59 Open primary 272 379 73 4 96 498 26 0 39 5 44 14 0 14 0 1 1Mar 1 Alabama 169 53 7 60 Open primary 309 926 77 8 76 401 19 2 44 6 50 9 0 9 0 1 1American Samoa 170 6 5 11 Closed caucus 162 68 4 61 25 7 4 4 8 2 1 3 0 0 0Arkansas 171 32 5 37 Open primary 146 057 66 1 66 236 30 0 22 5 27 10 0 10 0 0 0Colorado 172 66 12 78 Closed caucus 49 789 40 3 72 846 59 0 25 9 34 41 0 41 0 3 3Georgia 173 102 15 117 Open primary 543 008 71 3 214 332 28 2 73 11 84 29 0 29 0 4 4Massachusetts 174 175 91 24 115 Semi closed primary 606 822 49 7 589 803 48 3 46 21 67 45 1 46 0 2 2Minnesota 176 77 16 93 Open caucus 73 510 38 4 118 135 61 6 31 12 43 46 2 48 0 2 2Oklahoma 177 178 38 4 42 Semi closed primary 139 443 41 5 174 228 51 9 17 1 18 21 1 22 0 2 2Tennessee 179 67 8 75 Open primary 245 930 66 1 120 800 32 5 44 8 52 23 0 23 0 0 0Texas 180 222 29 251 Open primary 936 004 65 2 476 547 33 2 147 21 168 75 0 75 0 8 8Vermont 181 182 16 10 26 Open primary 18 338 13 6 115 900 85 7 0 5 5 16 5 21 0 0 0Virginia 183 95 13 108 Open primary 504 741 64 3 276 370 35 2 62 12 74 33 0 33 0 1 1Mar 5 Kansas 184 33 4 37 Closed caucus 12 593 32 3 26 450 67 7 10 4 14 23 0 23 0 0 0Louisiana 185 51 8 59 Closed primary 221 733 71 1 72 276 23 2 37 6 43 14 0 14 0 2 2Nebraska 186 25 5 30 Closed caucus 14 340 42 9 19 120 57 1 10 3 13 15 1 16 0 1 1Mar 6 Maine 187 25 5 30 Closed caucus 1 232 SCD 35 5 2 231 SCD 64 3 8 4 12 17 1 18 0 0 0Mar 1 8 Democrats Abroad 188 13 4 m 17 Closed primary 10 689 30 9 23 779 68 9 4 2 6 9 9 0 1 1Mar 8 Michigan 189 190 130 17 147 Open primary 581 775 48 3 598 943 49 7 63 13 76 67 0 67 0 4 4Mississippi 191 36 5 41 Open primary 187 334 82 5 37 748 16 6 31 3 34 5 2 7 0 0 0Mar 12 Northern Marianas 192 6 5 11 Closed caucus 102 54 0 65 34 4 4 5 9 2 0 2 0 0 0Mar 15 Florida 193 194 214 32 246 Closed primary 1 101 414 64 4 568 839 33 3 141 24 165 73 2 75 0 6 6Illinois 195 156 27 183 Open primary 1 039 555 50 6 999 494 48 6 79 24 103 77 1 78 0 1 l 1 l Missouri 196 71 13 84 Open primary 312 285 49 6 310 711 49 4 36 11 47 35 0 35 0 2 2North Carolina 197 107 14 121 Semi closed primary 622 915 54 5 467 018 40 9 60 9 69 47 2 49 0 3 3Ohio 198 199 143 17 160 Semi open primary 696 681 56 1 535 395 43 1 81 16 97 62 1 63 0 0 0Mar 22 Arizona 200 201 75 10 85 Closed primary 262 459 56 3 192 962 41 4 42 6 48 33 1 34 0 3 3Idaho 202 23 4 27 Open caucus 5 065 21 2 18 640 78 0 5 1 6 18 2 20 0 1 1Utah 203 33 4 37 Semi open caucus 15 666 20 3 61 333 79 3 6 2 8 27 2 29 0 0 0Mar 26 Alaska 204 205 16 4 20 Closed caucus 2 146 20 2 8 447 79 6 3 1 4 13 1 14 0 2 2Hawaii 206 25 9 34 Semi closed caucus 10 125 30 0 23 530 69 8 8 5 13 17 2 19 0 2 2Washington 207 101 17 118 Open caucus 7 140 LDD 27 1 19 159 LDD 72 7 27 11 38 74 0 74 0 6 6Apr 5 Wisconsin 208 209 86 10 96 Open primary 433 739 43 1 570 192 56 6 38 9 47 48 1 49 0 0 0Apr 9 Wyoming 210 14 4 18 Closed caucus 124 SCD 44 3 156 SCD 55 7 7 4 11 7 0 7 0 0 0Apr 19 New York 211 212 213 247 44 291 Closed primary 1 133 980 57 5 820 256 41 6 139 41 180 108 0 108 0 3 3Apr 26 Connecticut 214 215 55 16 71 Closed primary 170 045 51 8 152 379 46 4 28 15 43 27 0 27 0 1 1Delaware 216 217 21 11 32 Closed primary 55 954 59 8 36 662 39 2 12 11 23 9 0 9 0 0 0Maryland 218 219 95 24 119 Closed primary 573 242 62 5 309 990 33 8 60 17 77 35 1 36 0 6 6Pennsylvania 220 189 19 208 Closed primary 935 107 55 6 731 881 43 5 106 19 125 83 0 83 0 1 1Rhode Island 221 222 24 9 33 Semi closed primary 52 749 43 1 66 993 54 7 11 9 20 13 0 13 0 0 0May 3 Indiana 223 83 9 92 Open primary 303 705 47 5 335 074 52 5 39 7 46 44 0 44 0 2 2May 7 Guam 224 7 5 12 Closed caucus 777 59 5 528 40 5 4 5 9 3 0 3 0 0 0May 10 Nebraska 225 Closed primary 42 692 53 1 37 744 46 9 Non binding primary with no delegates allocated West Virginia 226 29 8 37 Semi closed primary 86 914 35 8 124 700 51 4 11 6 17 18 2 20 0 0 0May 17 Kentucky 227 228 55 5 60 Closed primary 212 534 46 8 210 623 46 3 28 2 30 27 0 27 0 3 3Oregon 229 230 61 13 74 Closed primary 269 846 42 1 360 829 56 2 25 7 32 36 3 39 0 3 3May 24 Washington 231 Open primary 232 n 420 461 52 4 382 293 47 6 Non binding primary with no delegates allocated Jun 4 Virgin Islands 233 234 235 7 5 12 Closed caucus 1 326 87 12 196 12 88 7 5 12 0 0 0 0 0 0Jun 5 Puerto Rico 236 60 7 67 Open primary 52 658 59 7 33 368 37 9 37 6 43 23 0 23 0 1 1Jun 7 California 237 238 475 76 551 Semi closed primary 2 745 302 53 1 2 381 722 46 0 254 66 320 221 0 221 0 10 10Montana 239 240 21 6 27 Open primary 55 805 44 2 65 156 51 6 10 5 15 11 1 12 0 0 0New Jersey 241 242 243 126 16 142 Semi closed primary 566 247 63 3 328 058 36 7 79 12 91 47 2 49 0 2 2New Mexico 244 245 34 9 43 Closed primary 111 334 51 5 104 741 48 5 18 9 27 16 0 16 0 0 0North Dakota 246 18 5 23 Open caucus 247 o 106 SCD 25 6 258 SCD 64 2 5 1 6 13 1 14 0 3 3South Dakota 248 249 20 5 25 Semi closed primary 250 27 047 51 0 25 959 49 0 10 2 12 10 0 10 0 3 3Jun 14 District of Columbia 251 252 20 25 45 Closed primary 76 704 78 0 20 361 20 7 16 23 39 4 2 6 0 0 0Total 4 051 712 4 763 16 847 084 55 20 a 13 168 222 43 14 a 2 205 570 2 775 1 846 43 1 889 0 97 l 97 l Date State territory P U T Type Clinton Sanders P U T P U T P U TCalculated delegates Popular vote or equivalent Clinton delegates Sanders delegates Available delegatesviewtalkeditSuperdelegate endorsements EditMain article List of 2016 Democratic Party superdelegates Superdelegates are elected officials and members of the Democratic National Committee who vote at the Democratic National Convention for their preferred candidate Also known as unpledged delegates they comprise 15 of the convention 712 votes out of 4 763 and they may change their preference at any time The table below reflects current public endorsements of candidates by superdelegates as detailed and sourced in the full list above Because commonly referenced estimates of superdelegate support including those by CNN 253 and the AP 254 do not identify individual delegates as supporting a given candidate their published tallies may differ from the totals computed here Distinguished party leaders Governors Senators Representatives DNC members TotalsHillary Clinton 17 20 45 177 313 572 Bernie Sanders 1 0 2 7 32 42 Martin O Malley 0 0 0 0 1 1No endorsement 2 1 0 7 86 96Totals 20 21 47 191 433 712Note Democrats Abroad Superdelegates are assigned half votes each of them accounts for rather than 1 in the table above Close states EditSource 255 States where the margin of victory was under 1 Missouri 0 25 Iowa 0 25 Kentucky 0 42 States where the margin of victory was under 5 Massachusetts 1 40 Michigan 1 42 Illinois 1 95 South Dakota 2 06 New Mexico 3 06 Indiana 4 92 States where the margin of victory was under 10 Nevada 5 28 Connecticut 5 38 California 7 03 Montana 7 40 States where the margin of victory was under 20 Oklahoma 10 36 Rhode Island 11 63 Pennsylvania 12 08 Ohio 12 99 Wisconsin 13 54 Wyoming 13 64 North Carolina 13 64 Oregon 14 18 Nebraska 14 28 Arizona 14 90 West Virginia 15 57 New York 16 06 Colorado 18 68 Maps Edit nbsp Breakdown of the results in vote distribution by state nbsp Results of popular vote by county nbsp Results in popular vote margin by state nbsp Results in popular vote margin by county nbsp Breakdown of the results in pledged delegates by state nbsp Breakdown of the results in total delegate count by state nbsp Results in pledged delegates by stateSee also Edit nbsp 2010s portal nbsp Liberalism portal nbsp Politics portal nbsp United States portalRelatedDemocratic Party articles Results of the 2016 Democratic Party presidential primaries Nationwide opinion polling for the 2016 Democratic Party presidential primaries Statewide opinion polling for the 2016 Democratic Party presidential primaries 2016 Democratic Party presidential candidates 2016 Democratic Party presidential debates and forums List of Democratic Party presidential primariesPresidential primaries 2016 Constitution Party presidential primaries 2016 Green Party presidential primaries 2016 Libertarian Party presidential primaries 2016 Republican Party presidential primariesNational conventions 2016 Constitution Party National Convention 2016 Democratic National Convention 2016 Green National Convention 2016 Libertarian National Convention 2016 Republican National ConventionNotes Edit a b c d e f Does not include popular vote totals from Iowa Maine Nevada North Dakota Washington Wyoming or non binding primaries a b c In US elections suspending a campaign allows candidates to cease active campaigning while still legally raising funds to pay off their debts 4 As far back as 2015 the sharp reduction of the debate schedule as well as the days and times had been criticized by multiple rivals as biased in Clinton s favor 21 The DNC denied bias claiming to be cracking down on the non sanctioned debates that proliferated in recent cycles while leaving the number of officially sanctioned debates the same as in 2004 and 2008 22 23 Donna Brazile who succeeded Debbie Wasserman Schultz as DNC chair after the first batch of leaks 24 was shown in the emails leaking primary debate questions to the Clinton campaign before the debates were held although a senior aide to Sanders came to Brazile s defense and tried to downplay the issue 25 Brazile went on to write a book about the primary and what she called unethical behavior in which the DNC after its debt from 2012 was resolved by the Clinton campaign gave the Clinton campaign control over hirings and press releases and allegedly helped it circumvent campaign finance regulation 26 Several Democratic leaders responded that the joint fundraising agreement was standard was for the purpose of the general election and was also offered to the Sanders campaign However another agreement that came to light gave the Clinton campaign powers over the DNC well before the primary was decided Some media commentators noted that the Clinton campaign s level of influence on staffing decisions was indeed unusual and could have ultimately influenced factors such as the debate schedule 27 28 a b According to popular vote or pledged delegate count not counting superdelegates see below for detail a b Pledged delegates split evenly between Sanders and Clinton Hillary Clinton won the non binding Nebraska Democratic Primary Hillary Clinton won the non binding Washington Democratic Primary Differences between types Open Anyone can participate regardless of their registered party affiliation Semi open Anyone can participate except registered Republicans Semi closed Only registered Democrats or undeclared can participate Closed Only registered Democrats can participate Differences between types CD Popular vote tallies the county delegates LDD Popular vote tallies the legislative district delegates SCD Popular vote tallies the state convention delegates SDE Popular vote tallies the state delegate equivalents Pledged delegates are elected with the understanding that they will support a specific candidate Unpledged delegates superdelegates are not required to voice support for a specific candidate a b c d e One Illinois superdelegate is still committed to O Malley Therefore the total number of available delegates is one less than expected There are 8 unpledged delegates from Democrats Abroad that each cast half a vote at the national convention Open to all voters excluding those who caucused with the Republicans on February 20 Open to all voters though those who attend must state they will identify as a Democrat for the 2016 election References Edit a b Berg Andersson Richard E Democratic Convention The Green Papers Retrieved June 13 2016 Reston Laura October 14 2015 Americans Love an Underdog Just Not Lincoln Chafee Jim Webb or Martin O Malley New Republic Retrieved June 2 2016 Strauss Daniel November 2 2015 Lessig drops out of presidential race Politico Retrieved November 2 2015 Ballhaus Rebecca February 11 2016 Why Candidates Suspend Losing Campaigns Rather Than Say I Quit The Wall Street Journal Sanders Lays Off Staff After Tuesday Primary Losses NBC News Retrieved April 29 2016 Dann Carrie June 6 2016 Clinton hits magic number of delegates to clinch nomination NBC News Retrieved June 7 2016 Hillary Clinton secures majority of pledged delegate Politico June 8 2016 Retrieved June 15 2016 Eric Bradner June 9 2016 Obama endorses Hillary Clinton in video CNN Retrieved June 10 2016 Bixby Scott June 9 2016 Hillary Clinton gets endorsements from Obama Biden and Elizabeth Warren as it happened The Guardian Retrieved June 15 2016 US Election Bernie Sanders says he will vote for Hillary Clinton ABC News Reuters June 24 2016 Retrieved June 24 2016 Keith Tamara July 11 2016 Sanders And Clinton To Rally Together In New Hampshire npr org Retrieved July 12 2016 Released Emails Suggest the D N C Derided the Sanders Campaign Retrieved November 6 2018 a b Blake Aaron July 25 2016 Here are the latest most damaging things in the DNC s leaked emails The Washington Post Retrieved November 6 2018 Adam Entous Ellen Nakashima and Greg Miller December 9 2016 Secret CIA assessment says Russia was trying to help Trump win White House The Washington Post retrieved December 10 2016 Shane Harris Ellen Nakashima and Craig Timberg April 18 2019 Through email leaks and propaganda Russians sought to elect Trump Mueller finds The Washington Post retrieved June 2 2019 a b Elizabeth Warren agrees Democratic race rigged for Clinton BBC News November 3 2017 Retrieved November 21 2018 Schleifer Theodore July 25 2016 What was in the DNC email leak CNN Retrieved November 21 2018 Chan Melissa July 24 2016 Bernie Sanders Calls for Debbie Wasserman Schultz to Resign After Email Leak Time Retrieved November 21 2018 Yuhas Alan July 24 2016 Hillary Clinton campaign blames leaked DNC emails about Sanders on Russia The Guardian Retrieved November 21 2018 Flaherty Anne July 24 2016 Sanders Calls for DNC Chair s Resignation as Hacked Emails Overshadow Convention Haaretz Retrieved November 21 2018 Democratic primary debate schedule criticized as Clinton coronation The Guardian August 6 2015 Andrew Prokop August 6 2015 The Democrats just released their debate schedule and it s great news for Hillary Clinton Vox Retrieved June 2 2019 Harry Enten May 6 2016 Is Six Democratic Debates Too Few FiveThirtyEight Retrieved September 7 2017 Caputo Marc July 24 2016 Wasserman Schultz steps down as DNC chair Politico Retrieved November 21 2018 www latimes com nation politics trailguide la na trailguide updates former senior aide to bernie sanders 1476297181 htmlstory html A Times October 12 2016 a b Brazile Donna November 2 2017 Inside Hillary Clinton s Secret Takeover of the DNC Politico Retrieved November 10 2017 Stein Jeff November 2 2017 Donna Brazile s bombshell about the DNC and Hillary Clinton explained Vox Retrieved June 10 2019 a b Heersink Boris November 4 2017 No the DNC didn t rig the Democratic primary for Hillary Clinton The Washington Post Retrieved March 8 2018 Houle Dana July 25 2016 No the DNC Didn t Rig the Primary in Favor of Hillary The New Republic Retrieved March 8 2018 Holland Joshua July 29 2016 What the Leaked E mails Do and Don t Tell Us About the DNC and Bernie Sanders Archived December 5 2019 at the Wayback Machine The Nation Retrieved March 8 2018 Gaughan Anthony J August 27 2019 Was the Democratic Nomination Rigged A Reexamination of the Clinton Sanders Presidential Race University of Florida Journal of Law amp Public Policy 29 SSRN 3443916 Retrieved October 29 2020 This article contends that the overwhelming weight of evidence makes clear the 2016 Democratic nomination process was not rigged in favor of Hillary Clinton Second this article argues that the Democratic Party rules and state election laws actually hurt Clinton and benefited Sanders Wolf Z Byron November 4 2017 Could Bernie Sanders have won a primary that wasn t rigged Um CNN Politics CNN Retrieved August 29 2023 Robillard Kevin December 9 2017 DNC unity panel recommends huge cut in superdelegates Politico Retrieved June 2 2019 Seitz Wald Alex August 25 2018 Democrats strip superdelegates of power and reform caucuses in historic move NBC News Retrieved June 2 2019 Hillary Clinton breaks the glass ceiling Politico Retrieved September 24 2016 Hook Janet July 27 2016 Tim Kaine Accepts Vice Presidential Nomination at Democratic National Convention Wall Street Journal Karni Annie April 12 2015 Hillary Clinton formally announces 2016 run Politico Chozick Amy July 12 2016 Bernie Sanders Endorses Hillary Clinton Hoping to Unify Democrats The New York Times Mercia Dan April 30 2015 Bernie Sanders is running for president CNN MartinOMalley June 9 2016 For the future of the country I am committing my energies to the election of Secretary Clinton as the next President ImWithher Tweet via Twitter Jackson David Cooper Allen May 30 2015 Martin O Malley jumps into presidential race USA Today Retrieved May 30 2015 Debenedetti Gabriel February 1 2016 Martin O Malley suspends bid for the Democratic nomination Politico Retrieved February 1 2015 merica August 3 2016 Lincoln Chafee who briefly ran against HRC will enthusiastically support Hillary Clinton now that she is the nominee per Chafee s spox Tweet via Twitter Foley Elise May 29 2015 Lincoln Chafee to announce presidential run on June 3 Politico Retrieved October 23 2015 Merica Dan LoBianco Tom October 23 2015 Lincoln Chafee drops out of Democratic primary race CNN Catanese David July 2 2015 Jim Webb Announces For President U S News amp World Report Archived from the original on July 3 2015 Retrieved July 2 2015 Webb drops Democratic presidential bid weighs possible independent run Fox News October 20 2015 Archived from the original on November 16 2015 Retrieved January 1 2016 Campaign Press Release Larry Lessig Hits 1 Million Fundraising Benchmark Plans to Announce His Campaign for President at Historic New Hampshire Site Lessig2016 us Archived from the original on October 2 2015 Retrieved September 11 2015 Strauss Daniel November 2 2015 Lessig drops out of presidential race Politico Retrieved November 2 2015 Cohen Jon December 5 2012 Run Hillary Run Majority want a Clinton 2016 candidacy The Washington Post Retrieved March 7 2015 Steinhauser Paul December 10 2012 Clinton rides high poll numbers into private life for now CNN Archived from the original on April 21 2021 Retrieved March 7 2015 Cohen Jon Blake Aaron January 23 2013 Hillary Clinton reaches new heights of political popularity The Washington Post Retrieved March 7 2015 Marlantes Liz December 10 2012 Are Republicans really incapable of beating Hillary Clinton in 2016 The Christian Science Monitor Retrieved March 7 2015 Marlantes Liz December 5 2012 New polls fuel speculation about Hillary Clinton in 2016 The Christian Science Monitor Retrieved March 7 2015 a b Bolton Alexander November 12 2013 Left wants challenger for Hillary Clinton The Hill Retrieved March 10 2015 Martin Jonathan September 29 2013 Populist Left Makes Warren Its Hot Ticket The New York Times Retrieved March 10 2015 Elizabeth Warren I m Not Running For President The Huffington Post Associated Press December 4 2013 Retrieved March 10 2015 Stein Sam June 6 2015 Campaign To Draft Elizabeth Warren For President Comes To A Halt The Huffington Post Retrieved June 5 2015 Frizell Sam June 3 2015 Sanders Eyes Run Warren Run s Network in Iowa Time Retrieved June 5 2015 Rudin Ken May 7 2013 Joe Biden Has History On His Side But Little Else If Hillary Clinton Runs NPR Retrieved March 10 2015 Hobratsch Jonathan March 17 2014 When Vice Presidents Run for President The Huffington Post Retrieved March 10 2015 a b Gaudiano Nicole January 22 2013 Will Joe Biden run for president in 2016 USA Today Retrieved March 10 2015 Rucker Philip May 2 2013 Biden ponders a 2016 bid but a promotion to the top job seems to be a long shot The Washington Post Retrieved March 10 2015 Mason Jeff October 21 2015 Biden says he will not seek 2016 Democratic nomination AOL Retrieved October 21 2015 Reilly Molly October 22 2015 Joe Biden Is Not Running For President In 2016 The Huffington Post Retrieved October 21 2015 Colleen McCain Nelson Peter Nicholas October 21 2015 Joe Biden Decides Not to Enter Presidential Race The Wall Street Journal Retrieved October 21 2015 Jacobs Ben May 27 2015 Bernie Sanders formally launches run for president with attack on grotesque level of inequality The Guardian Retrieved June 5 2015 Rappeport Alan May 1 2015 Bernie Sanders Long Serving Independent Enters Presidential Race as a Democrat The New York Times Hartmann Margaret September 14 2014 Senator Bernie Sanders May Run in 2016 NYMag Daily Intelligencer Leibovich Mark January 21 2007 The Socialist Senator The New York Times Trip Gabriel Patrick Healy May 31 2015 Challenging Hillary Clinton Bernie Sanders Gains Momentum in Iowa The New York Times Retrieved June 5 2015 a b Lee Kurtis November 20 2014 Long shot Jim Webb launches exploratory committee for presidential bid Los Angeles Times Retrieved November 20 2014 Wagner John July 26 2012 O Malley launches federal PAC as national profile rises The Washington Post Retrieved March 11 2015 Wagner John January 27 2015 O Malley with eye on 2016 retains two political operatives with Iowa experience The Washington Post Retrieved March 11 2015 Harvard Professor Hits Million Dollar Benchmark for White House Bid Associated Press September 6 2015 Foran Clare August 11 2015 Why Exactly Is Lawrence Lessig Considering Running for President National Journal Retrieved August 11 2015 Walker Hayley September 6 2015 Harvard Professor Larry Lessig Says He s Running for President ABC News Retrieved September 6 2015 Merica Dan August 11 2015 Harvard professor Lawrence Lessig is exploring a long shot presidential bid CNN Retrieved August 11 2015 Lessig Lawrence October 17 2015 Larry Lessig Isn t Giving Up On His Presidential Campaign The Atlantic Retrieved December 5 2015 Election 2016 Iowa Democratic Presidential Caucus RealClearPolitics Retrieved March 28 2016 Montanaro Domenico Coin Toss Fact Check No Coin Flips Did Not Win Iowa For Hillary Clinton npr org National Public Radio Inc Retrieved August 18 2019 Hepker Aaron February 2 2016 All Precincts Reported Clinton Defeats Sanders By Historically Small Margin Des Moines Iowa WHO TV Ennis Dawn February 2 2016 And the Winner of the Iowa Caucus Is Hillary Clinton Barely The Advocate ISSN 0001 8996 Iowa Caucus Results The New York Times February 27 2016 Retrieved February 28 2016 Iowa Caucus 2016 Election Results NBC News February 2 2016 Taylor Jessica February 1 2016 Martin O Malley Ends Presidential Bid NPR Retrieved February 1 2016 Gregory Krieg February 10 2016 Sanders 1st Jewish candidate to win presidential primary CNN Retrieved June 10 2016 Haberman Maggie February 10 2016 New Hampshire Primary Results and Analysis The New York Times Retrieved February 10 2016 New Hampshire Primary Results The New York Times February 27 2016 Retrieved February 28 2016 Barone Michael February 12 2016 New Hampshire Primary Republicans Looking Better for General National Review Retrieved March 28 2016 Rubin Jennifer February 19 2016 What if Hillary Clinton Loses in Nevada The Washington Post Retrieved March 28 2016 Cilizza Chris February 12 2016 Why Hillary Clinton should be worried about Nevada The Washington Post Retrieved March 28 2016 Evan Halper Michael A Memoli February 5 2016 With New Hampshire primary nigh Hillary Clinton shifts focus to Nevada caucuses and beyond Los Angeles Times Retrieved March 28 2016 Nevada Caucus Results The New York Times February 27 2016 Retrieved February 28 2016 Gary Langer Gregory Holyk Chad Kiewiet De Jonge Black Voters Boost Hillary Clinton to South Carolina Primary Win ABC News Retrieved March 18 2016 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint multiple names authors list link Super Tuesday Results 2016 The New York Times March 14 2016 Retrieved April 6 2016 Seitz Wald Alex March 2 2016 Super Tuesday Hillary Clinton Hauls in Delegates But Bernie Sanders Fights On NBC News Retrieved March 28 2016 Enten Harry March 2 2016 Hillary Clinton s Got This FiveThirtyEight Retrieved March 28 2016 2016 Primary Forecasts Michigan Democratic primary FiveThirtyEight January 12 2016 Retrieved March 29 2016 2016 Primary Forecasts Mississippi Democratic primary FiveThirtyEight January 12 2016 Retrieved March 29 2016 John Wagner Anne Gearan Abby Phillip March 9 2016 Sanders wins surprise narrow victory in Michigan The Washington Post Retrieved March 29 2016 a href Template Cite news html title Template Cite news cite news a CS1 maint multiple names authors list link Bump Phillip March 9 2016 Why were the polls in Michigan so wrong The Washington Post Retrieved March 29 2016 Kelly McEvers Harry Enten March 9 2016 Why Did The Polls Fail To Predict Sanders Win In Michigan NPR Retrieved March 29 2016 Bialik Carl March 9 2016 Why The Polls Missed Bernie Sanders s Michigan Upset FiveThirtyEight Retrieved March 29 2016 Decker Cathleen March 9 2016 Bernie Sanders surprises Hillary Clinton in Michigan Is Ohio next Los Angeles Times Retrieved March 29 2016 2016 Primary Forecasts North Carolina Democratic primary FiveThirtyEight January 12 2016 Retrieved March 29 2016 2016 Primary Forecasts Florida Democratic primary FiveThirtyEight January 12 2016 Retrieved March 29 2016 March 15 Primary Results 2016 The New York Times Associated Press March 22 2016 Retrieved April 6 2016 Bernie Sanders Says He Won t Seek Recount in Missouri The New York Times March 18 2016 Retrieved March 28 2016 Missouri Election Results 2016 The Washington Post Retrieved March 28 2016 Yoon Robert March 21 2016 Bernie Sanders wins Democrats Abroad primary CNN Retrieved March 28 2016 Bradner Eric March 23 2016 Primary election results 5 takeaways from Western Tuesday CNN Retrieved March 28 2016 Gass Nick March 22 2016 Clinton cruises in Arizona Sanders takes Utah and Idaho Politico Retrieved March 28 2016 Hannon Elliot March 23 2016 Hillary Clinton and Bernie Sanders square off in Arizona Idaho and Utah Slate Retrieved March 28 2016 March 22 Primary Results 2016 The New York Times March 29 2016 Retrieved April 6 2016 a b Strauss Daniel March 26 2016 Can Sanders sweep Clinton in today s contests Politico Retrieved March 28 2016 Harry Enten Nate Silver March 26 2016 The System Isn t Rigged Against Sanders FiveThirtyEight Retrieved February 22 2020 Hains Tim March 27 2016 Bernie Sanders Outperforming Obama In Washington State Real Clear Politics Retrieved April 8 2016 NYC debate info Democrats org Archived from the original on April 13 2016 Retrieved April 7 2016 Wyoming Democrat The Green Papers Retrieved April 10 2016 Bloch Matthew Andrews Wilson April 20 2016 How Every New York City Neighborhood Voted in the Democratic Primary The New York Times Retrieved July 31 2016 Donald Trump Hillary Clinton Win Big on Super Tuesday III Fox News April 27 2016 Retrieved April 27 2016 Roberts Dan Jacobs Ben May 4 2016 Bernie Sanders pulls off shock victory over Hillary Clinton in Indiana The Guardian Retrieved May 4 2016 Roberts Yoon May 7 2016 Hillary Clinton wins Guam Democratic caucuses CNN Retrieved May 7 2016 Gale John A May 10 2016 Election Results Nebraska Secretary of State Archived from the original on September 15 2018 Retrieved June 5 2016 Wyman Tim May 25 2016 Democratic primary results Washington Secretary of State Archived from the original on June 8 2016 Retrieved June 5 2016 Murray Mark June 2 2016 Dem Race Tightens in California as Clinton Barely Leads Sanders 49 to 47 Poll NBC Retrieved June 8 2016 Yen Hope June 5 2016 Clinton moves closer to nomination sweeps in Virgin Islands Associated Press Retrieved June 5 2016 Coto Dania Lerer Lisa June 5 2016 Clinton wins Puerto Rico s primary Associated Press Retrieved June 5 2016 Oliphant James June 6 2016 Clinton clinches Democratic presidential nomination AP and NBC Reuters Retrieved June 6 2016 Memoli Michael A Hillary Clinton s immediate response to AP Tuesday is the real clinching moment Los Angeles Times Retrieved June 7 2016 Dann Carrie June 6 2016 Sanders Blames Media s Rush to Judgment as Clinton Hits Delegate Majority NBC News Retrieved June 7 2016 a b Healy Patrick Martin Jonathan June 7 2016 Hillary Clinton Wins California Bolstering Claim to Nomination The New York Times Retrieved June 8 2016 Westfall Sandra Sobieraj Bernie Sanders Will Fight One Last Primary But Pledges to Work With Hillary Clinton to Avert Disaster of a President Trump People Retrieved June 10 2016 Theodore Schleifer Jeff Zeleny June 14 2016 Clinton Sanders meet Clinton wins D C primary CNN Retrieved June 17 2016 Gaudiano Nicole June 16 2016 Bernie Sanders says Democrats top task is defeating Donald Trump USA Today Retrieved August 1 2016 Evans Brad Ledbetter Stewart July 13 2016 Sen Bernie Sanders ends bid endorses Hillary Clinton for president WPTZ Retrieved August 1 2016 a b c Here are the latest most damaging things in the DNC s leaked emails The Washington Post July 25 2016 Debbie Wasserman Schultz to Resign D N C Post The New York Times July 24 2016 DNC CEO resigns in wake of email controversy CNN July 25 2016 Debenedetti Gabriel February 25 2017 Perez elected DNC chairman Politico Retrieved March 2 2018 Clinton fundraising leaves little for state parties Politico Retrieved November 9 2018 Seitz Wald Alex November 3 2017 Memo Reveals Details of Hillary Clinton DNC Deal NBC News Retrieved March 2 2018 Vogel Kenneth P Arnsdorf Isaac July 26 2016 DNC sought to hide details of Clinton funding deal Politico Retrieved February 21 2019 Lima Cristiano November 5 2017 Brazile I found no evidence Democratic primary was rigged Politico Retrieved March 2 2018 Detrow Scott November 3 2017 Clinton Campaign Had Additional Signed Agreement With DNC In 2015 NPR Retrieved June 2 2019 Shelbourne Mallory November 14 2017 Brazile Dem primary was not rigged because no votes were overturned The Hill Retrieved February 21 2019 Borchers Callum November 8 2017 Donna Brazile is walking back her claim that the Democratic primary was rigged Washington Post Retrieved June 2 2019 Shane Scott Mazzetti Mark February 16 2018 Inside a 3 Year Russian Campaign to Influence U S Voters The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved May 16 2018 Assessing Russian Activities and Intentions in Recent US Elections PDF Office of the Director of National Intelligence January 6 2017 Retrieved May 16 2017 Entous Adam Nakashima Ellen Miller Greg December 9 2016 Secret CIA assessment says Russia was trying to help Trump win White House The Washington Post Retrieved July 11 2018 Collins Michael February 17 2018 Indictment Russians also tried to help Bernie Sanders Jill Stein presidential campaigns USA Today Retrieved July 11 2018 Kranish Michael April 12 2019 Inside the Russian effort to target Sanders supporters and help elect Trump The Washington Post Retrieved April 16 2019 Roth Andrew Russia denies DNC hack and says maybe someone forgot the password Washington Post Retrieved July 12 2018 Wikileaks founder Assange on hacked Podesta DNC emails Our source is not the Russian government Fox News December 16 2016 Retrieved July 12 2018 Ward Alex July 13 2018 Read Mueller indictment against 12 Russian spies for DNC hack Vox Retrieved August 1 2018 RNC s 2016 Presidential Primary Estimated Delegate Count Republican Party April 21 2016 Retrieved April 22 2016 official source tracking active campaigns adding delegates won on April 26 pending source update Epstein Reid J McGill Brian Rust Max April 27 2016 Republican Convention s Delegate Math Explained The Wall Street Journal Retrieved April 27 2016 Rivero Daniel July 26 2016 A day after calling for party unity Bernie Sanders goes back to being an independent Fusion TV Archived from the original on March 17 2017 Retrieved July 31 2016 2016 Presidential Race OpenSecrets Summary data for Hillary Clinton 2016 Cycle opensecrets org Retrieved May 25 2016 Summary data for Bernie Sanders 2016 Cycle opensecrets org Retrieved May 25 2016 a b Democratic National Committee 2016 Democratic National Convention Delegate Alternate Allocation PDF Archived from the original PDF on June 24 2016 Retrieved March 28 2016 a b c Democratic Detailed Delegate Allocation 2016 The Green Papers Retrieved September 14 2015 Iowa Caucus Results The New York Times Retrieved March 28 2016 New Hampshire Democratic Primary Results William M Gardner New Hampshire Secretary of State Retrieved April 1 2016 Nevada Caucus Results The New York Times Retrieved May 15 2016 South Carolina Democratic Primary Official Results South Carolina State Election Commission Retrieved April 1 2016 Alabama Democratic Party certified Election Results PDF Secretary of State of Alabama Retrieved April 1 2016 Berg Andersson Richard E American Samoa Democratic Delegation 2016 The Green Papers Retrieved March 30 2016 Arkansas Official County results provisional Arkansas Secretary of State Retrieved April 1 2016 Berg Andersson Richard E April 15 2016 Colorado Democratic Delegation 2016 The Green Papers Retrieved April 19 2016 Georgia Primary Results The New York Times Retrieved March 28 2016 Massachusetts Primary Results The New York Times Retrieved March 28 2016 Massachusetts Democratic Delegation 2016 thegreenpapers com Retrieved June 13 2016 Minnesota Caucus Results The New York Times Retrieved March 28 2016 Oklahoma State Election Board 2016 March PPP Election ok gov Retrieved June 17 2016 Oklahoma Primary Results The New York Times Retrieved March 28 2016 Tennessee Primary Results The New York Times Retrieved March 28 2016 Texas Primary Results The New York Times Retrieved March 28 2016 Vermont Secretary of State Vermont Primary Results The New York Times Retrieved March 28 2016 Virginia Primary Results The New York Times Retrieved March 28 2016 Kansas Caucus Results The New York Times Retrieved March 28 2016 Louisiana Primary Results The New York Times Retrieved March 28 2016 Nebraska Caucus Results The New York Times Retrieved March 28 2016 Maine Caucus Results The New York Times Retrieved March 28 2016 Berg Andersson Richard E Democrats Abroad Democratic Delegation 2016 The Green Papers Retrieved March 30 2016 Berg Andersson Richard E Michigan Democratic Delegation 2016 The Green Papers Retrieved March 30 2016 Projection computed by The Green Papers until full official results are published Johnson Ruth 2016 Michigan Election results Michigan Department of State Retrieved April 1 2016 Mississippi Primary Results Mississippi Secretary of State Retrieved June 16 2016 Berg Andersson Richard E Northern Marianas Democratic Delegation 2016 The Green Papers Retrieved March 30 2016 Berg Andersson Richard E Florida Democratic Delegation 2016 The Green Papers Retrieved March 30 2016 Projection computed by The Green Papers until full official results are published 2016 Presidential Preference Primary Official Election Results Florida Department of State Division of elections Retrieved March 31 2016 Berg Andersson Richard E Illinois Democratic Delegation 2016 The Green Papers Retrieved March 30 2016 Projection computed by The Green Papers until full official results are published Berg Andersson Richard E Missouri Democratic Delegation 2016 The Green Papers Retrieved March 30 2016 Projection computed by The Green Papers until full official results are published Berg Andersson Richard E North Carolina Democratic Delegation 2016 The Green Papers Retrieved March 30 2016 Projection computed by The Green Papers until full official results are published Ohio Primary Results The New York Times Retrieved March 28 2016 Ohio Democratic Delegation 2016 thegreenpapers com Retrieved April 23 2016 State of Arizona Official Canvass 2016 Presidential Preference Election March 22 2016 PDF Arizona Secretary of State April 4 2016 Retrieved April 6 2016 Berg Andersson Richard E Arizona Democratic Delegation 2016 The Green Papers Retrieved March 30 2016 Berg Andersson Richard E Idaho Democratic Delegation 2016 The Green Papers Retrieved March 30 2016 Projection computed by The Green Papers until full official results are published Berg Andersson Richard E Utah Democratic Delegation 2016 The Green Papers Retrieved March 30 2016 Projection computed by The Green Papers until full official results are published Alaska Caucus Results The New York Times Retrieved March 28 2016 Alaska Democratic Delegation 2016 thegreenpapers com Retrieved April 23 2016 Hawaii Caucus Results The New York Times Retrieved March 28 2016 Berg Andersson Richard E Washington Democratic Delegation 2016 The Green Papers Retrieved March 30 2016 Projection computed by The Green Papers until full official results are published Wisconsin Official Results Berg Andersson Richard E Wisconsin Democratic Delegation 2016 The Green Papers Retrieved April 6 2016 Projection computed by The Green Papers until full official results are published Berg Andersson Richard E Wyoming Democratic Delegation 2016 The Green Papers Retrieved April 25 2016 Projection computed by The Green Papers until full official results are published New York State Board of Elections New York Primary Results The New York Times Retrieved April 17 2016 New York Democratic Delegation 2016 thegreenpapers com Retrieved April 23 2016 Connecticut Secretary of State Official Primary Results Connecticut Democratic Delegation 2016 thegreenpapers com Retrieved April 27 2016 State of Delaware Office of the State Election Commissioner delaware gov Retrieved June 18 2016 Delaware Primary Results The New York Times Retrieved April 26 2016 Maryland Official Primary Results Maryland State Board of Elections Retrieved June 15 2016 Maryland Democratic Delegation 2016 thegreenpapers com Retrieved April 27 2016 Pennsylvania Democratic Delegation 2016 thegreenpapers com Retrieved April 27 2016 Rhode Island Primary Results The New York Times Retrieved April 26 2016 RI gov Election Results ri gov Retrieved May 6 2016 Indiana Democratic Delegation 2016 Official Primary Results thegreenpapers com Retrieved May 4 2016 Guam Democratic Delegation thegreenpapers com Retrieved May 7 2016 Election Results Nebraska Secretary of State Retrieved May 10 2016 West Virginia Democratic Delegation 2016 thegreenpapers com Retrieved May 12 2016 Kentucky Secretary of State Official Primary Results Kentucky Democratic Delegation 2016 thegreenpapers com Retrieved May 17 2016 Oregon Secretary of State Official Election Results Oregon Democratic Delegation 2016 thegreenpapers com Retrieved May 20 2016 Presidential Primary Results wa gov May 24 2016 Retrieved May 28 2016 2016 Presidential Primary wa gov Retrieved May 12 2016 Clinton moves closer to nomination sweeps in Virgin Islands Retrieved June 5 2016 Delegate Tracker Associated Press June 6 2016 Retrieved June 6 2016 Virgin Islands Democratic Delegation 2016 thegreenpapers com Retrieved July 17 2016 Puerto Rico Democratic Delegation 2016 thegreenpapers com Retrieved April 19 2016 California Democratic Primary Official Election Results PDF ca gov Retrieved July 25 2016 California Democratic Delegation 2016 thegreenpapers com Retrieved June 29 2016 Montana Secretary of State Official Primary Results Montana Democratic Delegation 2016 thegreenpapers com Retrieved June 13 2016 New Jersey Democratic Primary Official Results New Jersey Department of State New Jersey Democratic Primary Results PDF New Jersey State Elections June 7 2016 Retrieved June 15 2016 New Jersey Democrat The Green Papers June 7 2016 Retrieved June 7 2016 New Mexico State Board of Elections Official Primary Results New Mexico Democratic Delegation 2016 thegreenpapers com Retrieved June 13 2016 North Dakota Democrat The Green Papers June 7 2016 Retrieved June 7 2016 North Dakota Democratic NPL Caucus Guide 2016 Retrieved May 29 2016 dead link South Dakota Secretary of State Official Primary Results South Dakota Democratic Delegation 2016 thegreenpapers com Retrieved June 13 2016 Upcoming Elections South Dakota Secretary of State Shantel Krebs sdsos gov Retrieved April 19 2016 District of Columbia Board of Elections Official Primary Results District of Columbia Democratic Delegation 2016 thegreenpapers com Retrieved June 14 2016 2016 Election Center 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