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Burlington, Vermont

Burlington is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Vermont and the seat of Chittenden County. It is located 45 miles (72 km) south of the Canada–United States border and 95 miles (153 km) south of Montreal. As of the 2020 U.S. census, the population was 44,743. It is the least populous city in the 50 U.S. states to be the most populous city in its state.

Burlington
City of Burlington
Nicknames: 
BTV, The Queen City[1][2]
Location within Chittenden County
Coordinates: 44°28′33″N 73°12′43″W / 44.47583°N 73.21194°W / 44.47583; -73.21194[3]
CountryUnited States
U.S. stateVermont
CountyChittenden
RegionNew England
Settled1783
Organized (town)1785
Incorporated (city)1865
Government
 • MayorMiro Weinberger (D)
 • City Council
Members[4]
  • Zoraya Hightower (P)
  • Eugene Bergman (P)
  • Joe Magee (P)
  • Sarah E. Carpenter (D)
  • Ben Traverse (D)
  • Karen Paul (D)
  • Ali N. Dieng (I)
  • Hannah King (D)
  • Melo Grant (P)
  • Timothy C. Doherty, Jr. (D)
  • Mark Barlow (I)
  • Joan Shannon (D)
Area
 • City15.49 sq mi (40.13 km2)
 • Land10.30 sq mi (26.69 km2)
 • Water5.19 sq mi (13.44 km2)
Elevation200 ft (61 m)
Population
 • City44,743
 • RankU.S.: 870th
 • Density4,339.3/sq mi (1,675.4/km2)
 • Urban
108,740 (U.S.: 285th)
 • Urban density1,760.8/sq mi (679.8/km2)
 • Metro
214,796 (U.S.: 203rd)
Time zoneUTC−5 (EST)
 • Summer (DST)UTC−4 (EDT)
ZIP Codes
05401–05402, 05405–05406, 05408
Area code802
FIPS code50-10675
GNIS feature ID1456663[3][7]
U.S. Highways
State Routes
Websitewww.burlingtonvt.gov

A regional college town, Burlington is home to the University of Vermont (UVM) and Champlain College. Vermont's largest hospital, the UVM Medical Center, is within the city limits. The City of Burlington owns Vermont's largest airport, the Patrick Leahy Burlington International Airport, located in neighboring South Burlington. In 2015, Burlington became the first city in the U.S. to run entirely on renewable energy.[8]

The city and its neighborhoods are ranked among the best places to live in Vermont.[9]

History edit

Early history to early 20th century edit

Two theories have been put forward regarding the origin of Burlington's name. The first is that it was named after Richard Boyle, 3rd Earl of Burlington, and the second is that the name honors the politically prominent and wealthy Burling family of New York. While no Burling family members are listed as grantees of the town, the family held large tracts of land in nearby towns, some of which were granted on the same day as Burlington.[10]

One of the New Hampshire grants, the land that was developed as Burlington was awarded by New Hampshire colonial governor Benning Wentworth on June 7, 1763, to Samuel Willis and 63 others.[11] In the summer of 1775, settlers began clearing the land and built two or three log huts, but the outbreak of the American Revolutionary War delayed permanent settlement until after its conclusion. The town was organized in 1785.[11]

In 1808 the world's first lake-going steamboat was built in Burlington.[12]

The War of 1812 was unpopular in Vermont and the rest of New England, which had numerous trading ties with Canada. Neither Vermont nor other New England states provided militia units or financial support. Vermont voters supported the Federalist Party, which opposed the war.[13]

At one point during the war, the U.S. had 5,000 troops stationed in Burlington, outnumbering residents and putting a strain on resources. About 500 soldiers died of disease, which was always a problem due to poor sanitation in army camps.[14] Some soldiers were quartered in the main building at the University of Vermont, where a memorial plaque commemorates them.[15]

In a skirmish on August 2, 1813, British forces from Canada shelled Burlington. This is described as either a bold stroke by the British with an ineffectual response from the Americans or as a weak sally by the British, which was rightly ignored by the Americans. The cannonade lasted about 10 minutes and caused no casualties. The American troops involved were commanded by Naval Lieutenant Thomas Macdonough, later a hero of the Battle of Lake Champlain.[13]

The town's position on Lake Champlain helped it develop into a port of entry and center for trade, particularly after completion of the Champlain Canal in 1823, the Erie Canal in 1825, and the Chambly Canal in 1843. Wharves allowed steamboats to connect freight and passengers with the Rutland & Burlington Railroad and the Vermont Central Railroad. Burlington became a bustling lumbering and manufacturing center – for some time the third largest lumber market in the world[16] – and was incorporated as a city in 1865. Its Victorian-era prosperity left behind much fine architecture, including buildings by Ammi B. Young, H.H. Richardson, and McKim, Mead & White.

In 1870, the waterfront was extended by construction of the Pine Street Barge Canal.[17] This became polluted over the years and was a focus for cleanup in 2009 under the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Superfund program.[18] When elected mayor, Bernie Sanders set in place an extensive waterfront beautification plan which included adding public parks, a nine-mile bike path, and a community boathouse.[19]

On September 5, 1901, U.S. vice president Theodore Roosevelt spoke to a Civil War fraternal group in Burlington. Nine days later, he became U.S. president when President McKinley died.[20]

Late 20th century to present edit

In 1978, the ice cream enterprise Ben & Jerry's was founded in Burlington in a renovated gas station. It became a national brand, with retail outlets in numerous cities.

In 2021, following the 2021 Israel–Palestine crisis, the city council scheduled a vote on a "Resolution In Solidarity with the Palestinian People" for September 13. The resolution called on the city council to "express its solidarity with the Palestinian people, condemn anti-boycott legislation, and endorse the Palestinian-led Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions movement, which calls for nonviolent pressure on Israel." The authors' stated reasons for introducing the resolution were Israeli settlements in the West Bank, an ongoing "military siege and an economic blockade" of Gaza, and US military aid to Israel.[21] They also cited reports by Human Rights Watch and B'Tselem that find Israel guilty of the crime of apartheid.[22][23]

The American Jewish Committee condemned the resolution as "deceptive and one-sided" and criticized it for its sole focus on Israel.[24] A coalition of local rabbis and community groups condemned the resolution as well, citing the timing of the vote during the Jewish High Holy Days, between Rosh Hashanah and Yom Kippur, and fears that the resolution would fuel antisemitism.[25] Mayor Miro Weinberger called the resolution "inappropriate and counterproductive."[26] In a 6–5 vote, the council decided to withdraw the resolution.[27][28]

In 2023, three Palestinian-American students were shot and injured during Thanksgiving break.[29]

Geography edit

The city of Burlington is situated on the eastern shore of Lake Champlain, north of Shelburne Bay. It was built on a strip of land extending about 6 miles (9.7 km) south from the mouth of the Winooski River along the lake shore, and rises from the water's edge to a height of 300 feet (91 m).[30]

A large ravine in what is now downtown was filled in with refuse and raw sewage in the 19th century to make way for further development.[31]

Neighborhoods edit

Burlington is characterized by its neighborhoods, which are generally recognized as follows:

  • Downtown - The city's commercial hub is north of Maple Street, west of South Willard Street, and mostly south of Pearl Street (as it includes all property along Pearl Street that is west of South Willard Street).
  • Hill Section - Burlington's wealthiest neighborhood is east of South Union Street and Shelburne Street, and south of Main Street, but excludes UVM and University Terrace while including all of Champlain College.[32] The Hill Section is where the Burlington Country Club is situated.
  • The Intervale - The Intervale cannot be considered a neighborhood but is a large area encompassing many locally owned organic farms and nature preserves along the Winooski River. Located to the north of the Old North End and east of the New North End, it is included on this list because its total area is larger than that of most neighborhoods in Burlington.
  • New North End - Burlington's most populous neighborhood, a northwest suburban extension of the city, includes all points north of Burlington High School, as well as Leddy Park, Ethan Allen Park, and North Beach, and is west of Vermont Route 127 (the "Burlington Beltline").
  • Old North End - Burlington's oldest and most densely populated neighborhood is north of all property along Pearl Street, west of Hyde Street and North Willard Street, and is inclusive of areas north of Downtown and west of the University District but south of the New North End and the Intervale. It is here that Burlington's largely Jewish neighborhood known as Little Jerusalem flourished from the 1880s to the 1930s.[33]
  • South End - A once mostly industrial and now mostly artistic[34] district south of Downtown and west of the Hill Section, it includes the waterfront Oakledge Park and is home to the headquarters of many of Burlington's nationally known companies like Burton Snowboards and Dealer.com.
  • University District - The University District is north of the Burlington Country Club, south of the Winooski River, east of Willard Street north of Main, and east of a large chunk of the Hill Section. It includes UVM and many former single-family homes converted to student and yuppie apartments (although these are everywhere throughout the city limits and metropolitan area).

Climate edit

 
Climate chart for Burlington

Burlington has a hot-summer humid continental climate (Köppen Dfa), with cold winters and humid summers. The monthly daily average temperatures range from 29 °F (−1.7 °C) in January to 75 °F (23.9 °C) in July. The annual precipitation of 43 inches (1,092 mm) is well-distributed throughout the year, but the summer months are the wettest. The city's location east of Lake Champlain sometimes accounts for localized snow squalls, producing up to 13 inches (33 cm) in 12 hours on rare occasions.[35] Annual snowfall averages 86 inches (218 cm), but this figure can fluctuate greatly from one year to another. Extremes have ranged from −30 °F (−34 °C) on January 15, 1957, and February 12, 1979, to 101 °F (38 °C) on August 11, 1944.[36] The most recorded snowfall from a single storm is 33.1 inches (84.1 cm), which fell January 2–3, 2010.[37]

For the Northeastern United States, a heat wave is defined as having three consecutive days of 90 °F (32 °C) or more. There were six such heat waves from 2000–2009.[38]

Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °F (°C) 66
(19)
72
(22)
84
(29)
91
(33)
95
(35)
100
(38)
100
(38)
101
(38)
98
(37)
86
(30)
76
(24)
68
(20)
101
(38)
Mean maximum °F (°C) 51.7
(10.9)
50.6
(10.3)
62.0
(16.7)
78.0
(25.6)
86.5
(30.3)
91.4
(33.0)
92.2
(33.4)
90.9
(32.7)
87.0
(30.6)
76.0
(24.4)
66.2
(19.0)
54.2
(12.3)
94.4
(34.7)
Mean daily maximum °F (°C) 28.9
(−1.7)
31.5
(−0.3)
40.9
(4.9)
55.3
(12.9)
69.0
(20.6)
77.6
(25.3)
82.4
(28.0)
80.7
(27.1)
72.6
(22.6)
58.9
(14.9)
46.4
(8.0)
35.0
(1.7)
56.6
(13.7)
Daily mean °F (°C) 20.9
(−6.2)
22.9
(−5.1)
32.3
(0.2)
45.6
(7.6)
58.4
(14.7)
67.5
(19.7)
72.4
(22.4)
70.7
(21.5)
62.7
(17.1)
50.3
(10.2)
39.3
(4.1)
28.2
(−2.1)
47.6
(8.7)
Mean daily minimum °F (°C) 12.9
(−10.6)
14.3
(−9.8)
23.6
(−4.7)
35.9
(2.2)
47.8
(8.8)
57.3
(14.1)
62.4
(16.9)
60.7
(15.9)
52.9
(11.6)
41.8
(5.4)
32.1
(0.1)
21.3
(−5.9)
38.6
(3.7)
Mean minimum °F (°C) −12.7
(−24.8)
−7.8
(−22.1)
0.0
(−17.8)
21.2
(−6.0)
32.2
(0.1)
42.3
(5.7)
50.4
(10.2)
47.4
(8.6)
36.2
(2.3)
26.3
(−3.2)
13.7
(−10.2)
−1.6
(−18.7)
−15.3
(−26.3)
Record low °F (°C) −30
(−34)
−30
(−34)
−24
(−31)
2
(−17)
24
(−4)
33
(1)
39
(4)
35
(2)
25
(−4)
15
(−9)
−3
(−19)
−29
(−34)
−30
(−34)
Average precipitation inches (mm) 2.13
(54)
1.77
(45)
2.24
(57)
3.07
(78)
3.76
(96)
4.26
(108)
4.06
(103)
3.54
(90)
3.67
(93)
3.83
(97)
2.70
(69)
2.50
(64)
37.53
(953)
Average snowfall inches (cm) 21.1
(54)
19.3
(49)
17.5
(44)
4.1
(10)
0.0
(0.0)
0.0
(0.0)
0.0
(0.0)
0.0
(0.0)
0.0
(0.0)
0.3
(0.76)
5.7
(14)
19.5
(50)
87.5
(222)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) 14.7 12.1 12.7 13.2 13.6 13.6 12.8 11.7 11.0 12.9 13.7 15.2 157.2
Average snowy days (≥ 0.1 in) 14.3 12.1 8.7 2.9 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4 4.6 11.6 54.7
Mean monthly sunshine hours 126.9 146.8 190.7 206.2 251.4 270.1 301.9 258.2 201.0 159.2 91.1 91.6 2,295.1
Percent possible sunshine 44 50 52 51 55 58 64 59 53 47 32 33 51
Average ultraviolet index 1 2 3 5 7 8 8 7 5 3 2 1 4
Source 1: NOAA (sun 1961–1990)[36][39][40][41]
Source 2: Weather Atlas (UV)[42]

Demographics edit

Historical population
CensusPop.Note
1790330
1800816147.3%
18101,690107.1%
18202,11124.9%
18303,52667.0%
18404,27121.1%
18507,58577.6%
18607,7131.7%
187013,59676.3%
188011,365−16.4%
189014,59028.4%
190018,64027.8%
191020,4689.8%
192022,77911.3%
193024,7898.8%
194027,68611.7%
195033,15519.8%
196035,5317.2%
197038,6338.7%
198037,712−2.4%
199039,1273.8%
200038,889−0.6%
201042,4179.1%
202044,7435.5%
U.S. Decennial Census[43]

Population edit

According to the 2020 United States census, there were 44,743 people living in Burlington.[44] The racial makeup of the city was 85.6% White, 4.4% Black or African American, 0.4% American Indian, 4.6% Asian, and 4.8% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino origin made up 3.8% of the population.[44]

There were 17,174 households and the average number of persons per household was 2.16.[44]

Personal income edit

According to the American Community Survey for 2017–2021, the median income for a household in the city was $59,331.[44] Among workers with full-time, year-round work, males had a median income of $50,552 versus $38,418 for females. The per capita income for the city was $34,054.[44] About 23.8% of the population was below the poverty threshold.[44]

The median value of owner-occupied housing units was $338,100.[44]

Economy edit

Burlington's economy centers on education, health services, trade, transportation, and utilities, and some manufacturing. In February 2023, the city had an unemployment rate of 2.1%.[45] Mean annual wages were $63,180 in 2022; the state was $59,190.[46][47]

As of 2019, Moody's set the city's bond credit rating at Aa3, "high" quality.[48]

Business and industry edit

The largest employers in the city, and the state overall, are the University of Vermont Medical Center and the University of Vermont, employing over 8,200 and 4,125 people, respectively.[49][50] Other companies in Burlington include Blodgett Ovens, one of the oldest and largest commercial oven companies in the country, which manufactures restaurant equipment.[51] General Electric develops software for the healthcare industry in South Burlington at the former headquarters of IDX Systems, which it purchased in 2006. General Dynamics Armament and Technical Products division employ 450 workers locally. A solely owned subsidiary, the division is based here.[52] Dealer.com, a leading automotive internet marketing company, employs over 700 people.[53][54]

Ben & Jerry's began in 1978 when Ben Cohen and Jerry Greenfield opened their first ice cream scoop shop in an old gas station in Burlington and now has a worldwide market and is based in neighboring South Burlington.[55] Vermont Teddy Bear Company, whose founder started on a cart on a Burlington street, now ships custom teddy bears worldwide and is based in nearby Shelburne.[56]

Corporate headquarters located in Burlington include Burton Snowboards, Bruegger's, Lake Champlain Chocolates, Rhino Foods, and Seventh Generation Inc.[57][58][59]

Retailing and tourism edit

 
Church Street Marketplace in autumn

In 2017, Burlington had $591.7 million in retail sales.[44]

The Church Street Marketplace, a four-block pedestrian mall in the heart of the city, is the site of festivals throughout the year. The American Planning Association named the Marketplace one of America's "Great Public Spaces."[60] In 2022, USA Today named the Marketplace the "Best Public Square" in the country.[61] Events such as the "South End Art Hop" and public galleries such as Pine Street Art Works, provide a forum for the visual arts in the South End.

A "Festival of Fools" had an estimated 25,000 attendees at the Marketplace in 2009.[62] The "Vermont Brewers Festival" had 9,600 attendees in 2009,[62] and the "Giant Pumpkin Regatta and Festival" had 5,000 attendees that same year; Saturday Night Live satirized the event.[62] One of the largest year-round farmers' markets in the state of Vermont is located in the city.[63]

Arts and culture edit

Dragon boat races to benefit charity have been held in Lake Champlain in August since 2006.[64][65] In 2009, there were approximately 2,000 participants on 86 teams.[66]

An annual First Night community celebration of the arts on New Year's Eve was founded in 1983 with funding from the National Endowment on the Arts and Vermont Council on the Arts. It ran for 35 years before shutting down in 2018.[67]

Drag troupe, the House of LeMay,[68] hosts the annual "Winter is a Drag Ball"[69] which raises funds for HIV/AIDS-related organizations.[70]

The Emily Post Institute, an etiquette organization, is headquartered here.

Local music edit

The city has, over the years, supported several local band and has launched a handful of national acts. The most famous of these is Phish, which originated at UVM in 1983.[71]

Other acts with ties to the city include Matisyahu,[72] Kat Wright,[73][74] Strangefolk, The Essex Green, RAQ, James Kochalka, The Jazz Mandolin Project, Pork Tornado, Anaïs Mitchell, Greg Davis, Koushik, Grace Potter and the Nocturnals, Dispatch, Prydein, Eugene Hutz of Gogol Bordello, Morgan Page, KT Tunstall, Rubblebucket, The Vacant Lots, Drowningman, 99 Neighbors, Greg Freeman,[75] and Twiddle.[76]

Local art edit

The "South End Art Hop" is an annual event presented by the South End Arts and Business Association.[77] Artists join businesses, artist studios, and galleries, which in turn open their doors to the public throughout the post-industrial section of Burlington, known as the "South End". The first Art Hop in 1993 had a little more than thirty artists and a dozen sites participating.[citation needed] In 2008, over 600 artists showcased their works in over 100 sites throughout the South End of Burlington.[citation needed] The event takes place on the Friday and Saturday following Labor Day in September.[citation needed]

The city has an art department, Burlington City Arts, which serves many roles including cultural planning, education, showing contemporary art and hosting cultural events at The BCA Center. Burlington City Arts also runs a program in collaboration with UVM Medical Center, Art from the Heart, where patients have access to art supplies and devoted volunteer time.[citation needed]

Public library edit

 
The Carnegie Building of the Fletcher Free Library in 2013

The Fletcher Free Library was established in 1873, endowed by Mary Martha Fletcher, the daughter of a local businessman, but outgrew its initial building on Church Street by 1901. A new building was constructed in 1901–04 with funds provided by industrialist and philanthropist Andrew Carnegie, making it the first of the four Carnegie libraries in Vermont. It was designed in the Beaux-Arts style by Walter R. B. Willcox of Burlington, who won a competition to receive the commission.[78]

The building had major settling problems in 1973 where it had been built over a former railroad ravine, which had been improperly filled in, and the library's collection was moved elsewhere. The possible razing of the building was stopped by a citizens' committee, which successfully had it added to the National Register of Historic Places, and a grant allowed the stabilization and repair of the building. A new modern addition was completed in 1981.[78][79]

The largest public library in Vermont, and listed on the National Register of Historic Places, the Fletcher Free Library had a budget of over $1 million in 2002. It circulated more books, had more visitors, and had more computers, than any other library in Vermont.[80] In addition to its primary services as Burlington's public library, it is also a community center, a cultural resource for newly arrived immigrants to the Burlington area, and the city's only free public access computer center.

Sites of interest edit

 
Battery Park, overlooking the Burlington Waterfront and Lake Champlain

Landmarks and buildings edit

Historic buildings edit

Many of Burlington's historic buildings and sites have been recognized by their inclusion on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP). In addition to 28 buildings, three shipwrecks and the Burlington Breakwater, the city encompasses 17 historic districts.[88]

 
ECHO, Leahy Center for Lake Champlain

Churches and synagogues edit

Churches in Burlington include the North Avenue Alliance Church, First Baptist Church, First Congregational Church, the Episcopal Cathedral Church of St. Paul, the First United Methodist Church, Christ Church (Presbyterian), the Roman Catholic Cathedral of St. Joseph—the episcopal see for the Diocese of Burlington, the First Unitarian Universalist Society, Dormition of the Mother of God Orthodox Church (Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America), the College Street Congregational Church (United Church of Christ), The Burlington Church of Christ, and the non-denominational Church at the Well. The Conservative Ohavi Zedek synagogue is also located in the city, and there is an active Meeting of the Religious Society of Friends (Quakers). Synagogues in Burlington include the Chabad of Vermont, Ohavi Zedek, Ahavath Gerim, Ruach HaMaqom, and Ohavi Zedek Chavurah.

The Howard Mortuary Chapel in Lakeview Cemetery was built in 1882 as a gift to the City of Burlington from Hannah Louisa Howard, a local philanthropist. A native of the city, she was the daughter of John Howard, a successful Burlington hotelier. The chapel was designed in the High Victorian Gothic style by Alfred Benjamin Fisher, on cemetery grounds designed by E. C. Ryer in 1871.[89]

The Ira Allen Chapel, on the grounds of the University of Vermont campus, was completed in 1926, and was designed in the Georgian Revival style by McKim, Mead & White. The chapel's flashing beacon provides a nighttime landmark for those approaching Burlington from Lake Champlain. The chapel is part of the University Green Historic District.[90]

Two of the cathedrals in Burlington—the Episcopal Cathedral Church of St. Paul and the former Roman Catholic Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception—are modern structures built after their predecessors were destroyed by arson fires in 1971–1972.[91] The Episcopal Cathedral was completed in 1973 and was designed by Burlington Associates (now TruexCollins) in the Brutalist style, while the Roman Catholic Cathedral was built in 1974–1977 and was designed by Edward Larrabee Barnes, with the park-like grounds designed by landscape architect Dan Kiley.[91] Immaculate Conception was closed in 2018 and replaced by the Cathedral of Saint Joseph (Neoclassical, 1887).[92]

Sports edit

The Vermont Lake Monsters of the Futures Collegiate Baseball League, a collegiate summer baseball team, were formerly called the Vermont Expos. The team changed its name in 2007 after its parent Major League Baseball club, the Montreal Expos of the National League, moved from Montreal to Washington, D.C., and became the Washington Nationals. In 2010, the Lake Monsters ended its 17-year association with the Expos/Nationals and became the Class A affiliate of the Oakland Athletics of the American League.[93] The Lake Monsters play on the campus of the University of Vermont at Centennial Field.

Burlington has a rich hockey history, and was the location of the first known international ice hockey match,[94] held between the Montreal Crystals and employees of the Van Ness House, a local hotel, during the 1886 Burlington Winter Carnival. The University of Vermont's men's hockey team, the Catamounts, play their home games at the 4,007-seat Gutterson Field House on the UVM campus.[95][96]

A professional basketball franchise, the Vermont Frost Heaves, played half of their season in the city until the team folded in 2011.[97] The team, which originally was part of the American Basketball Association—not to be confused with the 1970s-era major basketball league of the same name that merged with the National Basketball Association—moved to the Premier Basketball League in 2008 and split their regular-season home games between Burlington and Barre. The Frost Heaves, owned by Sports Illustrated writer Alexander Wolff, played their Burlington games at the Memorial Auditorium, on South Union Street, at the corner of Main. However, the franchise folded in early 2011.

The Vermont City Marathon has drawn thousands of competitors annually.[98] A local Golden Gloves boxing tournament has been held annually since 1946.[99]

Burlington was a venue site for the 2012 International Ice Hockey Federation Women's World Championship.

Government edit

 
Burlington City Hall in autumn

Burlington has had a mayor–council form of government since 1865 with its first mayor being Albert L. Catlin.[100] Democrats and Progressives make up the majority of the council. Miro Weinberger, the current mayor,[101] is a Democrat who was first elected in 2012.[102] The city council has twelve seats. Prior to 2020, they were occupied by five Progressives,[103] four Democrats, two Independents, and one Republican.[104] After the 2020 city elections, the Republican seat flipped to Democratic, and one Independent seat flipped to Progressive. As of the 2023 city elections, Democrats control half the city council seats.

U.S. senator and two-time presidential candidate Bernie Sanders served as the mayor of Burlington from 1981 to 1989. His election in 1981 unseated longstanding mayor Gordon Paquette and drastically altered the political landscape of the city. Mayor Sanders created a government that was run by young Progressives, including Peter Clavelle, who was elected mayor of the city when Sanders stepped down to run for higher office. Peter Clavelle, Burlington's longest-serving mayor, held the office from 1989 to 1993, and again from 1995 to 2006.[105]

In the 1980s, the successive reelections of a self-proclaimed "socialist" drew attention from the national media. Sanders has dispelled the notion that his first victory, secured by a narrow margin, was "just a fluke".[106]

The large transient student population votes in local, state, and national elections, resulting in a considerable impact on local elections.[107] The city signed up 2,527 new voters in the six weeks from September 1, 2008, the highest number for that time frame in over nine years.[108]

As a nonprofit institution, the University of Vermont pays no real estate taxes; however, like many other educational institutions, it makes an annual payment in place of taxes. In 2007, the college agreed to raise this from $456,006 to $912,011 in 2010 plus a "public works" supplement rising from $180,040 to $191,004 over the same time frame.[109]

The city maintains three parks on Lake Champlain. All three are free for public access, with two having parking fees.

City council members edit

In March 2021, Burlington residents voted to implement ranked-choice voting for city councilors. It passed with 64% support. In March 2023, Burlington residents voted to expand ranked-choice voting in city elections, to include races for mayor, city councilors, School Commissioners, Ward Clerks, and Inspectors of Election. This passed with 64% support.[110]

Education edit

Public schools edit

Burlington School District operates the city's public schools.

Schools:

  • Burlington High School
  • The Sustainability Academy (at Lawrence Barnes Elementary)
  • Edmunds Elementary School, named after George F. Edmunds, a U.S. senator for 25 years, from 1866 to 1891
  • Edmunds Middle School, (formerly Burlington High School)
  • Lyman C. Hunt Middle School
  • Flynn Elementary School
  • Champlain Elementary School
  • C. P. Smith Elementary
  • The Integrated Arts Academy (at H.O. Wheeler Elementary)

Magnet schools edit

In Burlington, students have two choices of magnet schools: the Integrated Arts Academy at H.O. Wheeler (IAA) and the Sustainability Academy at Lawrence Barnes (SA).[111]

Private schools edit

Colleges and universities edit

The University of Vermont (UVM) and Champlain College are located in Burlington. The UVM Medical Center is home to one of the ten most selective medical schools in the U.S., the Robert Larner College of Medicine.[112] The Community College of Vermont had a site located in Burlington until 2010 when a new building in the adjacent city of Winooski was constructed for the college. Saint Michael's College and a satellite campus of Southern New Hampshire University are in the neighboring town of Colchester. Vermont Technical College also has a satellite campus in nearby Williston.

Media edit

Newspapers and other publications edit

Burlington is the media center of northern and central Vermont. It is served by:

  • The Burlington Free Press, a daily newspaper delivered throughout Vermont[113]
  • Seven Days, a free weekly newspaper delivered in bulk to pickup points throughout the Burlington metropolitan area and central Vermont, emphasizing arts and culture[114]
  • Vermont Business Magazine[115]
  • VTDigger[116]
  • The Natural Philosopher, a monthly science news journal articulating primary literature in neuroscience, biochemistry, and genetics.[117] The Natural Philosopher is a student-run publication based at the University of Vermont.

Radio edit

Major radio stations that are based in Burlington and serve the region:

  • WBTZ (The Buzz) – 99.9 FM (modern rock)
  • WCPV (101.3 ESPN) – 101.3 FM (sports)
  • WCVT (101 The One) – 101.7 FM (classic album tracks)
  • WEZF (Star 92.9) – 92.9 FM (hot adult contemporary)
  • WIZN (The Wizard) – 106.7 FM (classic rock)
  • WJOY – 1230 AM (adult standards)
  • WKOL (KOOL 105) – 105.1 FM (classic hits)
  • WNCS and W227AQ (The Point) – 104.7 and 93.3 FM, respectively (Triple-A)
  • WOKO  – 98.9 FM (country)
  • WOXR (Vermont Public Radio) – 90.9 FM (classical)
  • WRUV (University of Vermont) – 90.1 FM (variety)
  • WTNN (Eagle Country) – 97.5 FM
  • WVMT – 620 AM (news/talk)
  • WVPS (Vermont Public Radio) – 107.9 FM (news & information), National Public Radio
  • WWPV (Saint Michael's College) – 92.5 FM (variety)
  • WXXX – 95.5 FM (Hit Music Station)

Television edit

Five network-affiliated television stations serve the greater Burlington area. They include WFFF-TV channel 44 (Fox), its sister station WVNY channel 22 (ABC), WPTZ channel 5 (NBC, with Me-TV on DT3), its sister station WNNE channel 31 (CW), and WCAX-TV channel 3 (CBS). All of the stations (including WVNY and WNNE which share news departments with WFFF-TV and WPTZ, respectively) operate news departments. Although licensed to Burlington, WCAX is based in neighboring South Burlington, while WPTZ is licensed to Plattsburgh, New York (though also locating its main studio to South Burlington in 2019). WFFF and WVNY are also based in Colchester, while WNNE is licensed to Montpelier. Comcast is the metro area's major cable television service provider, although residents within the Burlington city limits are also served by municipally-owned Burlington Telecom.

Infrastructure edit

Transportation edit

Bus edit

Burlington is the central focus of Green Mountain Transit (GMT), which provides bus service within the city and to and from surrounding municipalities.

On June 15, 2011, the Chittenden County Transportation Authority announced that it had changed its charter, effective July 1, 2011, to allow municipalities outside Chittenden County to join CCTA as member communities, thereby allowing CCTA to become Vermont's first regional transit authority. As part of its expansion, the CCTA merged with the Green Mountain Transit Authority (GMTA), which provided bus service in the Barre-Montpelier area and surrounding communities in central Vermont.[118]

Greyhound provides intercity bus service from the Patrick Leahy Burlington International Airport and Downtown Transit Center bus station to other communities in Vermont, and to Montreal's Gare d'autocars de Montreal and Boston's South Station and Logan International Airport. Premier Coach's Vermont Translines also provides intercity bus service between Burlington and Albany, New York, along the U.S. Route 7 corridor in a partnership with Greyhound, also from the airport.[119] Megabus provides service between Burlington and Boston with a stop in Montpelier, Vermont.

 
Burlington's Union Station was built in 1916 by the Central Vermont Railway and the Rutland Railroad

Rail edit

Burlington is connected to New York City via Amtrak's Ethan Allen Express, which began serving the city in July 2022. Service is to Union Station, built on the city's waterfront in 1916.[120] The extension to Burlington was first proposed in 2013 by Vermont governor Peter Shumlin.[121] Prior to this, the nearest Amtrak station was located about 6–7 miles (9.7–11.3 km) to the east in Essex Junction, Vermont, which is served by the Vermonter.

Rail service began in Burlington in 1849. From the late nineteenth century to 1953, the Rutland Railroad provided passenger service on the Green Mountain Flyer and the Mount Royal from Burlington to Troy, New York, with connecting service to New York City via the New York Central Railroad. The last passenger train to run north via the Burlington Tunnel to Alburgh, a town in the northwest extremity of Vermont, was in June 1938.[122] From 2000 to 2003, the Champlain Flyer was a commuter service from Burlington south to the town of Charlotte, Vermont.

Air edit

Air carriers at Patrick Leahy Burlington International Airport (BTV) provide the area with commercial service to major regional hubs and international airports. While scheduled carriers have not traditionally offered scheduled commercial flights to destinations outside the United States, there is a Customs Port of Entry for unscheduled flights.[123] From 2011 to 2018, the only available international commercial flights for BTV were via Porter Airlines' winter seasonal service to and from Billy Bishop Airport in Toronto.[124][125]

Major roads edit

Burlington is served by one major Interstate highway, along with its spur route into the southern part of the city, and is at the junction of two U.S. highways. Several Vermont state highways also provide routes into and through the Burlington area.

  •   Interstate 89 – Though it does not directly enter the Burlington city limits, I-89 has interchanges in neighboring South Burlington, Winooski, and Colchester that provide access to downtown.
  •   Interstate 189 – I-189 connects I-89 in South Burlington to U.S. 7 at the southern end of Burlington.
  •   U.S. Route 2 is the main east–west route entering Burlington. After entering the city from the east, westbound U.S. 2 turns north to run concurrently with U.S. 7 towards Winooski and Colchester. The intersection with Interstate 89 is used by 42,000 cars daily.[126]
  •   U.S. Route 7 is the main north–south route through Burlington. Northbound U.S. 7 joins westbound U.S. 2 in downtown Burlington, and the two routes run concurrently north to Colchester before diverging.
  •   Vermont Route 127 connects downtown and the Old North End with the New North End and the town of Colchester. Throughout the New North End, VT-127 is a limited-access highway officially named the Winooski Valley Parkway, though commonly known as the "Burlington Beltline".

Ferry service edit

Burlington is the headquarters of the Lake Champlain Transportation Company, a privately held company that offers ferry service for the North Country of New York state and the Champlain Valley region of Vermont. Summer seasonal service is available from Burlington's King Street Dock to Port Kent, New York. One line of year-round 24-hour service is provided from the nearby town of Grand Isle, Vermont, to Plattsburgh, New York, with another line of daily service from Charlotte, Vermont, to Essex, New York.[127]

Internet edit

The city has municipal fiber broadband, which provides telephone, broadband internet, and television.[128] In 2008, cable management tried to drop Al-Jazeera English from the lineup. This was successfully thwarted by protesters and the station was, in 2009, one of three "small cable operators" in the nation to carry this channel.[129][130]

Electricity edit

Like many Vermont municipalities, Burlington owns its own power company, Burlington Electric Department. In 2009, the department announced that it would purchase 40% of the output of the 40 MW Sheffield, Vermont, wind-generated electricity when it became available.[131]

Renewable energy edit

Burlington began operating on 100% renewable energy in 2014 after being a pioneer in the renewable energy sector for decades. The Burlington Electric Department, which began operating in 1903, originally used coal as a primary source of energy. However, after experiencing the effects of fluctuating coal prices throughout the second World War, the department slowly began using wood as an energy source because of the price and overall energy efficiency of wood.[132] Since then, the city has experienced a sustainability boom, and today runs on 100% renewable energy. A succession of mayors in the city, along with corresponding public interest, are credited with this change. Gordon Paquette made the decision to completely transition from coal to wood at the McNeil Generating Station in 1977, and Bernie Sanders picked up this momentum of the environmental movement in the small city. This continued with Peter Clavelle, who mandated recycling in the city, and passed a number of bonds which funded energy improvements in infrastructure. In 1995, the city issued the Legacy Plan, which aimed to "go beyond the branding and rhetoric and create actual examples that will resonate and make a difference in people's lives."[133]

Today, that plan has come to fruition in many ways. The city operates entirely on energy from the Winooski One Hydro Plant, a series of wind turbines and solar panels, as well as the sustainably-sourced wood burning plant at McNeil Generating Station.[132] This made Burlington the first city to run completely on sustainable energy sources: a landmark for green infrastructure. Along with keeping energy rates low for customers, sustainability in the city extends beyond energy infrastructure. A non-profit organization in the city started an incubator farm that produces 30,000 pounds of fresh, local food for those facing food insecurity. The city has also worked on drastic building restoration projects, installed bikeways for more efficient transportation, and prioritized energy saving in the downtown.

In September 2019, the current mayor Miro Weinberger announced plans to get the city to net zero status by 2030. This would mean that the city would produce and consume equal amounts of energy. In October 2020, Burlington Electric proposed an ordinance that would require all buildings in the city to switch to electric energy sources.[134] This would put the city closer to that net-zero goal, and continues its legacy as a trailblazer for sustainable infrastructure.

Health and social services edit

Burlington is home to University of Vermont Medical Center, a tertiary referral hospital for Vermont and the North Country of New York, Level I Trauma Center, and teaching hospital.

In 2008, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reported that Burlington ranks high among U.S. metropolitan areas by having the largest proportion of people – 92 percent – who say they are in good or great health. The report went on to rate it best in exercise and lowest in obesity, diabetes, and other measures of ill health. In 2009, Children's Health Magazine rated Burlington the best city in the country to raise a family.[135]

In 2010, the government banned smoking within 25 feet (7.6 m) of the city's parks and recreational areas.[136]

Howard Center, headquartered in Burlington, provides social services to state residents, and runs Vermont's first and the area's only methadone maintenance program, the Chittenden Clinic.[citation needed]

 
One of the four buildings in the Edmunds School complex
 
Old Mill at the University of Vermont

Notable people edit

Sister cities edit

Sister cities edit

Burlington's sister cities are:[137]

Sister lakes edit

Burlington's sister lakes are:[139]

See also edit

Notes edit

  1. ^ Mean monthly maxima and minima (i.e. the expected highest and lowest temperature readings at any point during the year or given month) calculated based on data at said location from 1991 to 2020.
  2. ^ Official records for Burlington were kept at downtown from December 1883 to 3 June 1943, and at Burlington Int'l since 4 June 1943. For more information, see ThreadEx

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Bibliography edit

External links edit

  • City of Burlington official website

burlington, vermont, burlington, most, populous, city, state, vermont, seat, chittenden, county, located, miles, south, canada, united, states, border, miles, south, montreal, 2020, census, population, least, populous, city, states, most, populous, city, state. Burlington is the most populous city in the U S state of Vermont and the seat of Chittenden County It is located 45 miles 72 km south of the Canada United States border and 95 miles 153 km south of Montreal As of the 2020 U S census the population was 44 743 It is the least populous city in the 50 U S states to be the most populous city in its state BurlingtonCityCity of BurlingtonChurch Street MarketplaceFlagSealNicknames BTV The Queen City 1 2 Location within Chittenden CountyShow BurlingtonShow VermontShow the United StatesCoordinates 44 28 33 N 73 12 43 W 44 47583 N 73 21194 W 44 47583 73 21194 3 CountryUnited StatesU S stateVermontCountyChittendenRegionNew EnglandSettled1783Organized town 1785Incorporated city 1865Government MayorMiro Weinberger D City CouncilMembers 4 Zoraya Hightower P Eugene Bergman P Joe Magee P Sarah E Carpenter D Ben Traverse D Karen Paul D Ali N Dieng I Hannah King D Melo Grant P Timothy C Doherty Jr D Mark Barlow I Joan Shannon D Area 5 City15 49 sq mi 40 13 km2 Land10 30 sq mi 26 69 km2 Water5 19 sq mi 13 44 km2 Elevation 3 200 ft 61 m Population 2020 6 City44 743 RankU S 870th Density4 339 3 sq mi 1 675 4 km2 Urban108 740 U S 285th Urban density1 760 8 sq mi 679 8 km2 Metro214 796 U S 203rd Time zoneUTC 5 EST Summer DST UTC 4 EDT ZIP Codes05401 05402 05405 05406 05408Area code802FIPS code50 10675GNIS feature ID1456663 3 7 U S HighwaysState RoutesWebsitewww wbr burlingtonvt wbr govA regional college town Burlington is home to the University of Vermont UVM and Champlain College Vermont s largest hospital the UVM Medical Center is within the city limits The City of Burlington owns Vermont s largest airport the Patrick Leahy Burlington International Airport located in neighboring South Burlington In 2015 Burlington became the first city in the U S to run entirely on renewable energy 8 The city and its neighborhoods are ranked among the best places to live in Vermont 9 Contents 1 History 1 1 Early history to early 20th century 1 2 Late 20th century to present 2 Geography 2 1 Neighborhoods 2 2 Climate 3 Demographics 3 1 Population 3 2 Personal income 4 Economy 4 1 Business and industry 4 2 Retailing and tourism 5 Arts and culture 5 1 Local music 5 2 Local art 5 3 Public library 5 4 Sites of interest 5 5 Landmarks and buildings 5 5 1 Historic buildings 5 5 2 Churches and synagogues 6 Sports 7 Government 7 1 City council members 8 Education 8 1 Public schools 8 2 Magnet schools 8 3 Private schools 8 4 Colleges and universities 9 Media 9 1 Newspapers and other publications 9 2 Radio 9 3 Television 10 Infrastructure 10 1 Transportation 10 1 1 Bus 10 1 2 Rail 10 1 3 Air 10 1 4 Major roads 10 1 5 Ferry service 10 2 Internet 10 3 Electricity 10 3 1 Renewable energy 10 4 Health and social services 11 Notable people 12 Sister cities 12 1 Sister cities 12 2 Sister lakes 13 See also 14 Notes 15 References 16 Bibliography 17 External linksHistory editFor a chronological guide see Timeline of Burlington Vermont Early history to early 20th century edit Two theories have been put forward regarding the origin of Burlington s name The first is that it was named after Richard Boyle 3rd Earl of Burlington and the second is that the name honors the politically prominent and wealthy Burling family of New York While no Burling family members are listed as grantees of the town the family held large tracts of land in nearby towns some of which were granted on the same day as Burlington 10 One of the New Hampshire grants the land that was developed as Burlington was awarded by New Hampshire colonial governor Benning Wentworth on June 7 1763 to Samuel Willis and 63 others 11 In the summer of 1775 settlers began clearing the land and built two or three log huts but the outbreak of the American Revolutionary War delayed permanent settlement until after its conclusion The town was organized in 1785 11 In 1808 the world s first lake going steamboat was built in Burlington 12 The War of 1812 was unpopular in Vermont and the rest of New England which had numerous trading ties with Canada Neither Vermont nor other New England states provided militia units or financial support Vermont voters supported the Federalist Party which opposed the war 13 At one point during the war the U S had 5 000 troops stationed in Burlington outnumbering residents and putting a strain on resources About 500 soldiers died of disease which was always a problem due to poor sanitation in army camps 14 Some soldiers were quartered in the main building at the University of Vermont where a memorial plaque commemorates them 15 In a skirmish on August 2 1813 British forces from Canada shelled Burlington This is described as either a bold stroke by the British with an ineffectual response from the Americans or as a weak sally by the British which was rightly ignored by the Americans The cannonade lasted about 10 minutes and caused no casualties The American troops involved were commanded by Naval Lieutenant Thomas Macdonough later a hero of the Battle of Lake Champlain 13 The town s position on Lake Champlain helped it develop into a port of entry and center for trade particularly after completion of the Champlain Canal in 1823 the Erie Canal in 1825 and the Chambly Canal in 1843 Wharves allowed steamboats to connect freight and passengers with the Rutland amp Burlington Railroad and the Vermont Central Railroad Burlington became a bustling lumbering and manufacturing center for some time the third largest lumber market in the world 16 and was incorporated as a city in 1865 Its Victorian era prosperity left behind much fine architecture including buildings by Ammi B Young H H Richardson and McKim Mead amp White In 1870 the waterfront was extended by construction of the Pine Street Barge Canal 17 This became polluted over the years and was a focus for cleanup in 2009 under the U S Environmental Protection Agency s Superfund program 18 When elected mayor Bernie Sanders set in place an extensive waterfront beautification plan which included adding public parks a nine mile bike path and a community boathouse 19 On September 5 1901 U S vice president Theodore Roosevelt spoke to a Civil War fraternal group in Burlington Nine days later he became U S president when President McKinley died 20 Late 20th century to present edit In 1978 the ice cream enterprise Ben amp Jerry s was founded in Burlington in a renovated gas station It became a national brand with retail outlets in numerous cities In 2021 following the 2021 Israel Palestine crisis the city council scheduled a vote on a Resolution In Solidarity with the Palestinian People for September 13 The resolution called on the city council to express its solidarity with the Palestinian people condemn anti boycott legislation and endorse the Palestinian led Boycott Divestment and Sanctions movement which calls for nonviolent pressure on Israel The authors stated reasons for introducing the resolution were Israeli settlements in the West Bank an ongoing military siege and an economic blockade of Gaza and US military aid to Israel 21 They also cited reports by Human Rights Watch and B Tselem that find Israel guilty of the crime of apartheid 22 23 The American Jewish Committee condemned the resolution as deceptive and one sided and criticized it for its sole focus on Israel 24 A coalition of local rabbis and community groups condemned the resolution as well citing the timing of the vote during the Jewish High Holy Days between Rosh Hashanah and Yom Kippur and fears that the resolution would fuel antisemitism 25 Mayor Miro Weinberger called the resolution inappropriate and counterproductive 26 In a 6 5 vote the council decided to withdraw the resolution 27 28 In 2023 three Palestinian American students were shot and injured during Thanksgiving break 29 Geography editThe city of Burlington is situated on the eastern shore of Lake Champlain north of Shelburne Bay It was built on a strip of land extending about 6 miles 9 7 km south from the mouth of the Winooski River along the lake shore and rises from the water s edge to a height of 300 feet 91 m 30 A large ravine in what is now downtown was filled in with refuse and raw sewage in the 19th century to make way for further development 31 Neighborhoods edit Burlington is characterized by its neighborhoods which are generally recognized as follows Downtown The city s commercial hub is north of Maple Street west of South Willard Street and mostly south of Pearl Street as it includes all property along Pearl Street that is west of South Willard Street Hill Section Burlington s wealthiest neighborhood is east of South Union Street and Shelburne Street and south of Main Street but excludes UVM and University Terrace while including all of Champlain College 32 The Hill Section is where the Burlington Country Club is situated The Intervale The Intervale cannot be considered a neighborhood but is a large area encompassing many locally owned organic farms and nature preserves along the Winooski River Located to the north of the Old North End and east of the New North End it is included on this list because its total area is larger than that of most neighborhoods in Burlington New North End Burlington s most populous neighborhood a northwest suburban extension of the city includes all points north of Burlington High School as well as Leddy Park Ethan Allen Park and North Beach and is west of Vermont Route 127 the Burlington Beltline Old North End Burlington s oldest and most densely populated neighborhood is north of all property along Pearl Street west of Hyde Street and North Willard Street and is inclusive of areas north of Downtown and west of the University District but south of the New North End and the Intervale It is here that Burlington s largely Jewish neighborhood known as Little Jerusalem flourished from the 1880s to the 1930s 33 South End A once mostly industrial and now mostly artistic 34 district south of Downtown and west of the Hill Section it includes the waterfront Oakledge Park and is home to the headquarters of many of Burlington s nationally known companies like Burton Snowboards and Dealer com University District The University District is north of the Burlington Country Club south of the Winooski River east of Willard Street north of Main and east of a large chunk of the Hill Section It includes UVM and many former single family homes converted to student and yuppie apartments although these are everywhere throughout the city limits and metropolitan area Climate edit nbsp Climate chart for BurlingtonBurlington has a hot summer humid continental climate Koppen Dfa with cold winters and humid summers The monthly daily average temperatures range from 29 F 1 7 C in January to 75 F 23 9 C in July The annual precipitation of 43 inches 1 092 mm is well distributed throughout the year but the summer months are the wettest The city s location east of Lake Champlain sometimes accounts for localized snow squalls producing up to 13 inches 33 cm in 12 hours on rare occasions 35 Annual snowfall averages 86 inches 218 cm but this figure can fluctuate greatly from one year to another Extremes have ranged from 30 F 34 C on January 15 1957 and February 12 1979 to 101 F 38 C on August 11 1944 36 The most recorded snowfall from a single storm is 33 1 inches 84 1 cm which fell January 2 3 2010 37 For the Northeastern United States a heat wave is defined as having three consecutive days of 90 F 32 C or more There were six such heat waves from 2000 2009 38 vteClimate data for Patrick Leahy Burlington International Airport Vermont 1991 2020 normals a extremes 1883 present b Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec YearRecord high F C 66 19 72 22 84 29 91 33 95 35 100 38 100 38 101 38 98 37 86 30 76 24 68 20 101 38 Mean maximum F C 51 7 10 9 50 6 10 3 62 0 16 7 78 0 25 6 86 5 30 3 91 4 33 0 92 2 33 4 90 9 32 7 87 0 30 6 76 0 24 4 66 2 19 0 54 2 12 3 94 4 34 7 Mean daily maximum F C 28 9 1 7 31 5 0 3 40 9 4 9 55 3 12 9 69 0 20 6 77 6 25 3 82 4 28 0 80 7 27 1 72 6 22 6 58 9 14 9 46 4 8 0 35 0 1 7 56 6 13 7 Daily mean F C 20 9 6 2 22 9 5 1 32 3 0 2 45 6 7 6 58 4 14 7 67 5 19 7 72 4 22 4 70 7 21 5 62 7 17 1 50 3 10 2 39 3 4 1 28 2 2 1 47 6 8 7 Mean daily minimum F C 12 9 10 6 14 3 9 8 23 6 4 7 35 9 2 2 47 8 8 8 57 3 14 1 62 4 16 9 60 7 15 9 52 9 11 6 41 8 5 4 32 1 0 1 21 3 5 9 38 6 3 7 Mean minimum F C 12 7 24 8 7 8 22 1 0 0 17 8 21 2 6 0 32 2 0 1 42 3 5 7 50 4 10 2 47 4 8 6 36 2 2 3 26 3 3 2 13 7 10 2 1 6 18 7 15 3 26 3 Record low F C 30 34 30 34 24 31 2 17 24 4 33 1 39 4 35 2 25 4 15 9 3 19 29 34 30 34 Average precipitation inches mm 2 13 54 1 77 45 2 24 57 3 07 78 3 76 96 4 26 108 4 06 103 3 54 90 3 67 93 3 83 97 2 70 69 2 50 64 37 53 953 Average snowfall inches cm 21 1 54 19 3 49 17 5 44 4 1 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 76 5 7 14 19 5 50 87 5 222 Average precipitation days 0 01 in 14 7 12 1 12 7 13 2 13 6 13 6 12 8 11 7 11 0 12 9 13 7 15 2 157 2Average snowy days 0 1 in 14 3 12 1 8 7 2 9 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 4 6 11 6 54 7Mean monthly sunshine hours 126 9 146 8 190 7 206 2 251 4 270 1 301 9 258 2 201 0 159 2 91 1 91 6 2 295 1Percent possible sunshine 44 50 52 51 55 58 64 59 53 47 32 33 51Average ultraviolet index 1 2 3 5 7 8 8 7 5 3 2 1 4Source 1 NOAA sun 1961 1990 36 39 40 41 Source 2 Weather Atlas UV 42 Demographics editHistorical population CensusPop Note 1790330 1800816147 3 18101 690107 1 18202 11124 9 18303 52667 0 18404 27121 1 18507 58577 6 18607 7131 7 187013 59676 3 188011 365 16 4 189014 59028 4 190018 64027 8 191020 4689 8 192022 77911 3 193024 7898 8 194027 68611 7 195033 15519 8 196035 5317 2 197038 6338 7 198037 712 2 4 199039 1273 8 200038 889 0 6 201042 4179 1 202044 7435 5 U S Decennial Census 43 Population edit According to the 2020 United States census there were 44 743 people living in Burlington 44 The racial makeup of the city was 85 6 White 4 4 Black or African American 0 4 American Indian 4 6 Asian and 4 8 from two or more races Hispanic or Latino origin made up 3 8 of the population 44 There were 17 174 households and the average number of persons per household was 2 16 44 Personal income edit According to the American Community Survey for 2017 2021 the median income for a household in the city was 59 331 44 Among workers with full time year round work males had a median income of 50 552 versus 38 418 for females The per capita income for the city was 34 054 44 About 23 8 of the population was below the poverty threshold 44 The median value of owner occupied housing units was 338 100 44 Economy editBurlington s economy centers on education health services trade transportation and utilities and some manufacturing In February 2023 update the city had an unemployment rate of 2 1 45 Mean annual wages were 63 180 in 2022 update the state was 59 190 46 47 As of 2019 update Moody s set the city s bond credit rating at Aa3 high quality 48 Business and industry edit The largest employers in the city and the state overall are the University of Vermont Medical Center and the University of Vermont employing over 8 200 and 4 125 people respectively 49 50 Other companies in Burlington include Blodgett Ovens one of the oldest and largest commercial oven companies in the country which manufactures restaurant equipment 51 General Electric develops software for the healthcare industry in South Burlington at the former headquarters of IDX Systems which it purchased in 2006 General Dynamics Armament and Technical Products division employ 450 workers locally A solely owned subsidiary the division is based here 52 Dealer com a leading automotive internet marketing company employs over 700 people 53 54 Ben amp Jerry s began in 1978 when Ben Cohen and Jerry Greenfield opened their first ice cream scoop shop in an old gas station in Burlington and now has a worldwide market and is based in neighboring South Burlington 55 Vermont Teddy Bear Company whose founder started on a cart on a Burlington street now ships custom teddy bears worldwide and is based in nearby Shelburne 56 Corporate headquarters located in Burlington include Burton Snowboards Bruegger s Lake Champlain Chocolates Rhino Foods and Seventh Generation Inc 57 58 59 Retailing and tourism edit nbsp Church Street Marketplace in autumnIn 2017 update Burlington had 591 7 million in retail sales 44 The Church Street Marketplace a four block pedestrian mall in the heart of the city is the site of festivals throughout the year The American Planning Association named the Marketplace one of America s Great Public Spaces 60 In 2022 USA Today named the Marketplace the Best Public Square in the country 61 Events such as the South End Art Hop and public galleries such as Pine Street Art Works provide a forum for the visual arts in the South End A Festival of Fools had an estimated 25 000 attendees at the Marketplace in 2009 62 The Vermont Brewers Festival had 9 600 attendees in 2009 62 and the Giant Pumpkin Regatta and Festival had 5 000 attendees that same year Saturday Night Live satirized the event 62 One of the largest year round farmers markets in the state of Vermont is located in the city 63 Arts and culture editDragon boat races to benefit charity have been held in Lake Champlain in August since 2006 64 65 In 2009 there were approximately 2 000 participants on 86 teams 66 An annual First Night community celebration of the arts on New Year s Eve was founded in 1983 with funding from the National Endowment on the Arts and Vermont Council on the Arts It ran for 35 years before shutting down in 2018 67 Drag troupe the House of LeMay 68 hosts the annual Winter is a Drag Ball 69 which raises funds for HIV AIDS related organizations 70 The Emily Post Institute an etiquette organization is headquartered here Local music edit The city has over the years supported several local band and has launched a handful of national acts The most famous of these is Phish which originated at UVM in 1983 71 Other acts with ties to the city include Matisyahu 72 Kat Wright 73 74 Strangefolk The Essex Green RAQ James Kochalka The Jazz Mandolin Project Pork Tornado Anais Mitchell Greg Davis Koushik Grace Potter and the Nocturnals Dispatch Prydein Eugene Hutz of Gogol Bordello Morgan Page KT Tunstall Rubblebucket The Vacant Lots Drowningman 99 Neighbors Greg Freeman 75 and Twiddle 76 Local art edit The South End Art Hop is an annual event presented by the South End Arts and Business Association 77 Artists join businesses artist studios and galleries which in turn open their doors to the public throughout the post industrial section of Burlington known as the South End The first Art Hop in 1993 had a little more than thirty artists and a dozen sites participating citation needed In 2008 over 600 artists showcased their works in over 100 sites throughout the South End of Burlington citation needed The event takes place on the Friday and Saturday following Labor Day in September citation needed The city has an art department Burlington City Arts which serves many roles including cultural planning education showing contemporary art and hosting cultural events at The BCA Center Burlington City Arts also runs a program in collaboration with UVM Medical Center Art from the Heart where patients have access to art supplies and devoted volunteer time citation needed Public library edit nbsp The Carnegie Building of the Fletcher Free Library in 2013The Fletcher Free Library was established in 1873 endowed by Mary Martha Fletcher the daughter of a local businessman but outgrew its initial building on Church Street by 1901 A new building was constructed in 1901 04 with funds provided by industrialist and philanthropist Andrew Carnegie making it the first of the four Carnegie libraries in Vermont It was designed in the Beaux Arts style by Walter R B Willcox of Burlington who won a competition to receive the commission 78 The building had major settling problems in 1973 where it had been built over a former railroad ravine which had been improperly filled in and the library s collection was moved elsewhere The possible razing of the building was stopped by a citizens committee which successfully had it added to the National Register of Historic Places and a grant allowed the stabilization and repair of the building A new modern addition was completed in 1981 78 79 The largest public library in Vermont and listed on the National Register of Historic Places the Fletcher Free Library had a budget of over 1 million in 2002 It circulated more books had more visitors and had more computers than any other library in Vermont 80 In addition to its primary services as Burlington s public library it is also a community center a cultural resource for newly arrived immigrants to the Burlington area and the city s only free public access computer center Sites of interest edit nbsp Battery Park overlooking the Burlington Waterfront and Lake ChamplainEthan Allen Homestead Museum 81 Chittenden County Historical Society amp Museum 82 World s Tallest Filing Cabinet ECHO Leahy Center for Lake Champlain 83 Robert Hull Fleming Museum at the University of Vermont 84 Flynn Center for the Performing Arts 85 Burlington Memorial Auditorium currently closed Burlington Waterfront Park 86 The 1885 building of Ohavi Zedek one of the oldest synagogue buildings still standing in the United States 87 Landmarks and buildings edit Historic buildings edit See also National Register of Historic Places listings in Chittenden County Vermont Many of Burlington s historic buildings and sites have been recognized by their inclusion on the National Register of Historic Places NRHP In addition to 28 buildings three shipwrecks and the Burlington Breakwater the city encompasses 17 historic districts 88 nbsp ECHO Leahy Center for Lake ChamplainChurches and synagogues edit Churches in Burlington include the North Avenue Alliance Church First Baptist Church First Congregational Church the Episcopal Cathedral Church of St Paul the First United Methodist Church Christ Church Presbyterian the Roman Catholic Cathedral of St Joseph the episcopal see for the Diocese of Burlington the First Unitarian Universalist Society Dormition of the Mother of God Orthodox Church Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America the College Street Congregational Church United Church of Christ The Burlington Church of Christ and the non denominational Church at the Well The Conservative Ohavi Zedek synagogue is also located in the city and there is an active Meeting of the Religious Society of Friends Quakers Synagogues in Burlington include the Chabad of Vermont Ohavi Zedek Ahavath Gerim Ruach HaMaqom and Ohavi Zedek Chavurah The Howard Mortuary Chapel in Lakeview Cemetery was built in 1882 as a gift to the City of Burlington from Hannah Louisa Howard a local philanthropist A native of the city she was the daughter of John Howard a successful Burlington hotelier The chapel was designed in the High Victorian Gothic style by Alfred Benjamin Fisher on cemetery grounds designed by E C Ryer in 1871 89 The Ira Allen Chapel on the grounds of the University of Vermont campus was completed in 1926 and was designed in the Georgian Revival style by McKim Mead amp White The chapel s flashing beacon provides a nighttime landmark for those approaching Burlington from Lake Champlain The chapel is part of the University Green Historic District 90 Two of the cathedrals in Burlington the Episcopal Cathedral Church of St Paul and the former Roman Catholic Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception are modern structures built after their predecessors were destroyed by arson fires in 1971 1972 91 The Episcopal Cathedral was completed in 1973 and was designed by Burlington Associates now TruexCollins in the Brutalist style while the Roman Catholic Cathedral was built in 1974 1977 and was designed by Edward Larrabee Barnes with the park like grounds designed by landscape architect Dan Kiley 91 Immaculate Conception was closed in 2018 and replaced by the Cathedral of Saint Joseph Neoclassical 1887 92 Sports editTeam Sport s League StadiumVermont Lake Monsters Baseball Futures Collegiate Baseball League Centennial FieldVermont Catamounts Various NCAA Division I Gutterson FieldhouseVermont Green FC Association Football USL League Two Virtue FieldThe Vermont Lake Monsters of the Futures Collegiate Baseball League a collegiate summer baseball team were formerly called the Vermont Expos The team changed its name in 2007 after its parent Major League Baseball club the Montreal Expos of the National League moved from Montreal to Washington D C and became the Washington Nationals In 2010 the Lake Monsters ended its 17 year association with the Expos Nationals and became the Class A affiliate of the Oakland Athletics of the American League 93 The Lake Monsters play on the campus of the University of Vermont at Centennial Field Burlington has a rich hockey history and was the location of the first known international ice hockey match 94 held between the Montreal Crystals and employees of the Van Ness House a local hotel during the 1886 Burlington Winter Carnival The University of Vermont s men s hockey team the Catamounts play their home games at the 4 007 seat Gutterson Field House on the UVM campus 95 96 A professional basketball franchise the Vermont Frost Heaves played half of their season in the city until the team folded in 2011 97 The team which originally was part of the American Basketball Association not to be confused with the 1970s era major basketball league of the same name that merged with the National Basketball Association moved to the Premier Basketball League in 2008 and split their regular season home games between Burlington and Barre The Frost Heaves owned by Sports Illustrated writer Alexander Wolff played their Burlington games at the Memorial Auditorium on South Union Street at the corner of Main However the franchise folded in early 2011 The Vermont City Marathon has drawn thousands of competitors annually 98 A local Golden Gloves boxing tournament has been held annually since 1946 99 Burlington was a venue site for the 2012 International Ice Hockey Federation Women s World Championship Government editMain articles List of mayors of Burlington Vermont and Burlington Vermont City Council nbsp Burlington City Hall in autumnBurlington has had a mayor council form of government since 1865 with its first mayor being Albert L Catlin 100 Democrats and Progressives make up the majority of the council Miro Weinberger the current mayor 101 is a Democrat who was first elected in 2012 102 The city council has twelve seats Prior to 2020 they were occupied by five Progressives 103 four Democrats two Independents and one Republican 104 After the 2020 city elections the Republican seat flipped to Democratic and one Independent seat flipped to Progressive As of the 2023 city elections Democrats control half the city council seats U S senator and two time presidential candidate Bernie Sanders served as the mayor of Burlington from 1981 to 1989 His election in 1981 unseated longstanding mayor Gordon Paquette and drastically altered the political landscape of the city Mayor Sanders created a government that was run by young Progressives including Peter Clavelle who was elected mayor of the city when Sanders stepped down to run for higher office Peter Clavelle Burlington s longest serving mayor held the office from 1989 to 1993 and again from 1995 to 2006 105 In the 1980s the successive reelections of a self proclaimed socialist drew attention from the national media Sanders has dispelled the notion that his first victory secured by a narrow margin was just a fluke 106 The large transient student population votes in local state and national elections resulting in a considerable impact on local elections 107 The city signed up 2 527 new voters in the six weeks from September 1 2008 the highest number for that time frame in over nine years 108 As a nonprofit institution the University of Vermont pays no real estate taxes however like many other educational institutions it makes an annual payment in place of taxes In 2007 the college agreed to raise this from 456 006 to 912 011 in 2010 plus a public works supplement rising from 180 040 to 191 004 over the same time frame 109 The city maintains three parks on Lake Champlain All three are free for public access with two having parking fees City council members edit In March 2021 Burlington residents voted to implement ranked choice voting for city councilors It passed with 64 support In March 2023 Burlington residents voted to expand ranked choice voting in city elections to include races for mayor city councilors School Commissioners Ward Clerks and Inspectors of Election This passed with 64 support 110 Education editPublic schools edit Burlington School District operates the city s public schools Schools Burlington High School The Sustainability Academy at Lawrence Barnes Elementary Edmunds Elementary School named after George F Edmunds a U S senator for 25 years from 1866 to 1891 Edmunds Middle School formerly Burlington High School Lyman C Hunt Middle School Flynn Elementary School Champlain Elementary School C P Smith Elementary The Integrated Arts Academy at H O Wheeler Elementary Magnet schools edit In Burlington students have two choices of magnet schools the Integrated Arts Academy at H O Wheeler IAA and the Sustainability Academy at Lawrence Barnes SA 111 Private schools edit Christ the King School Mater Christi School Rock Point SchoolColleges and universities edit This section needs expansion You can help by adding to it May 2023 The University of Vermont UVM and Champlain College are located in Burlington The UVM Medical Center is home to one of the ten most selective medical schools in the U S the Robert Larner College of Medicine 112 The Community College of Vermont had a site located in Burlington until 2010 when a new building in the adjacent city of Winooski was constructed for the college Saint Michael s College and a satellite campus of Southern New Hampshire University are in the neighboring town of Colchester Vermont Technical College also has a satellite campus in nearby Williston Media editNewspapers and other publications edit Burlington is the media center of northern and central Vermont It is served by The Burlington Free Press a daily newspaper delivered throughout Vermont 113 Seven Days a free weekly newspaper delivered in bulk to pickup points throughout the Burlington metropolitan area and central Vermont emphasizing arts and culture 114 Vermont Business Magazine 115 VTDigger 116 The Natural Philosopher a monthly science news journal articulating primary literature in neuroscience biochemistry and genetics 117 The Natural Philosopher is a student run publication based at the University of Vermont Radio edit Major radio stations that are based in Burlington and serve the region WBTZ The Buzz 99 9 FM modern rock WCPV 101 3 ESPN 101 3 FM sports WCVT 101 The One 101 7 FM classic album tracks WEZF Star 92 9 92 9 FM hot adult contemporary WIZN The Wizard 106 7 FM classic rock WJOY 1230 AM adult standards WKOL KOOL 105 105 1 FM classic hits WNCS and W227AQ The Point 104 7 and 93 3 FM respectively Triple A WOKO 98 9 FM country WOXR Vermont Public Radio 90 9 FM classical WRUV University of Vermont 90 1 FM variety WTNN Eagle Country 97 5 FM WVMT 620 AM news talk WVPS Vermont Public Radio 107 9 FM news amp information National Public Radio WWPV Saint Michael s College 92 5 FM variety WXXX 95 5 FM Hit Music Station Television edit See also Template Champlain Valley TV Five network affiliated television stations serve the greater Burlington area They include WFFF TV channel 44 Fox its sister station WVNY channel 22 ABC WPTZ channel 5 NBC with Me TV on DT3 its sister station WNNE channel 31 CW and WCAX TV channel 3 CBS All of the stations including WVNY and WNNE which share news departments with WFFF TV and WPTZ respectively operate news departments Although licensed to Burlington WCAX is based in neighboring South Burlington while WPTZ is licensed to Plattsburgh New York though also locating its main studio to South Burlington in 2019 WFFF and WVNY are also based in Colchester while WNNE is licensed to Montpelier Comcast is the metro area s major cable television service provider although residents within the Burlington city limits are also served by municipally owned Burlington Telecom Infrastructure editTransportation edit Bus edit Burlington is the central focus of Green Mountain Transit GMT which provides bus service within the city and to and from surrounding municipalities On June 15 2011 the Chittenden County Transportation Authority announced that it had changed its charter effective July 1 2011 to allow municipalities outside Chittenden County to join CCTA as member communities thereby allowing CCTA to become Vermont s first regional transit authority As part of its expansion the CCTA merged with the Green Mountain Transit Authority GMTA which provided bus service in the Barre Montpelier area and surrounding communities in central Vermont 118 Greyhound provides intercity bus service from the Patrick Leahy Burlington International Airport and Downtown Transit Center bus station to other communities in Vermont and to Montreal s Gare d autocars de Montreal and Boston s South Station and Logan International Airport Premier Coach s Vermont Translines also provides intercity bus service between Burlington and Albany New York along the U S Route 7 corridor in a partnership with Greyhound also from the airport 119 Megabus provides service between Burlington and Boston with a stop in Montpelier Vermont nbsp Burlington s Union Station was built in 1916 by the Central Vermont Railway and the Rutland RailroadRail edit Burlington is connected to New York City via Amtrak s Ethan Allen Express which began serving the city in July 2022 Service is to Union Station built on the city s waterfront in 1916 120 The extension to Burlington was first proposed in 2013 by Vermont governor Peter Shumlin 121 Prior to this the nearest Amtrak station was located about 6 7 miles 9 7 11 3 km to the east in Essex Junction Vermont which is served by the Vermonter Rail service began in Burlington in 1849 From the late nineteenth century to 1953 the Rutland Railroad provided passenger service on the Green Mountain Flyer and the Mount Royal from Burlington to Troy New York with connecting service to New York City via the New York Central Railroad The last passenger train to run north via the Burlington Tunnel to Alburgh a town in the northwest extremity of Vermont was in June 1938 122 From 2000 to 2003 the Champlain Flyer was a commuter service from Burlington south to the town of Charlotte Vermont Air edit Air carriers at Patrick Leahy Burlington International Airport BTV provide the area with commercial service to major regional hubs and international airports While scheduled carriers have not traditionally offered scheduled commercial flights to destinations outside the United States there is a Customs Port of Entry for unscheduled flights 123 From 2011 to 2018 the only available international commercial flights for BTV were via Porter Airlines winter seasonal service to and from Billy Bishop Airport in Toronto 124 125 Major roads edit Burlington is served by one major Interstate highway along with its spur route into the southern part of the city and is at the junction of two U S highways Several Vermont state highways also provide routes into and through the Burlington area nbsp Interstate 89 Though it does not directly enter the Burlington city limits I 89 has interchanges in neighboring South Burlington Winooski and Colchester that provide access to downtown nbsp Interstate 189 I 189 connects I 89 in South Burlington to U S 7 at the southern end of Burlington nbsp U S Route 2 is the main east west route entering Burlington After entering the city from the east westbound U S 2 turns north to run concurrently with U S 7 towards Winooski and Colchester The intersection with Interstate 89 is used by 42 000 cars daily 126 nbsp U S Route 7 is the main north south route through Burlington Northbound U S 7 joins westbound U S 2 in downtown Burlington and the two routes run concurrently north to Colchester before diverging nbsp Vermont Route 127 connects downtown and the Old North End with the New North End and the town of Colchester Throughout the New North End VT 127 is a limited access highway officially named the Winooski Valley Parkway though commonly known as the Burlington Beltline Ferry service edit Burlington is the headquarters of the Lake Champlain Transportation Company a privately held company that offers ferry service for the North Country of New York state and the Champlain Valley region of Vermont Summer seasonal service is available from Burlington s King Street Dock to Port Kent New York One line of year round 24 hour service is provided from the nearby town of Grand Isle Vermont to Plattsburgh New York with another line of daily service from Charlotte Vermont to Essex New York 127 Internet edit The city has municipal fiber broadband which provides telephone broadband internet and television 128 In 2008 cable management tried to drop Al Jazeera English from the lineup This was successfully thwarted by protesters and the station was in 2009 one of three small cable operators in the nation to carry this channel 129 130 Electricity edit Like many Vermont municipalities Burlington owns its own power company Burlington Electric Department In 2009 the department announced that it would purchase 40 of the output of the 40 MW Sheffield Vermont wind generated electricity when it became available 131 Renewable energy edit Burlington began operating on 100 renewable energy in 2014 after being a pioneer in the renewable energy sector for decades The Burlington Electric Department which began operating in 1903 originally used coal as a primary source of energy However after experiencing the effects of fluctuating coal prices throughout the second World War the department slowly began using wood as an energy source because of the price and overall energy efficiency of wood 132 Since then the city has experienced a sustainability boom and today runs on 100 renewable energy A succession of mayors in the city along with corresponding public interest are credited with this change Gordon Paquette made the decision to completely transition from coal to wood at the McNeil Generating Station in 1977 and Bernie Sanders picked up this momentum of the environmental movement in the small city This continued with Peter Clavelle who mandated recycling in the city and passed a number of bonds which funded energy improvements in infrastructure In 1995 the city issued the Legacy Plan which aimed to go beyond the branding and rhetoric and create actual examples that will resonate and make a difference in people s lives 133 Today that plan has come to fruition in many ways The city operates entirely on energy from the Winooski One Hydro Plant a series of wind turbines and solar panels as well as the sustainably sourced wood burning plant at McNeil Generating Station 132 This made Burlington the first city to run completely on sustainable energy sources a landmark for green infrastructure Along with keeping energy rates low for customers sustainability in the city extends beyond energy infrastructure A non profit organization in the city started an incubator farm that produces 30 000 pounds of fresh local food for those facing food insecurity The city has also worked on drastic building restoration projects installed bikeways for more efficient transportation and prioritized energy saving in the downtown In September 2019 the current mayor Miro Weinberger announced plans to get the city to net zero status by 2030 This would mean that the city would produce and consume equal amounts of energy In October 2020 Burlington Electric proposed an ordinance that would require all buildings in the city to switch to electric energy sources 134 This would put the city closer to that net zero goal and continues its legacy as a trailblazer for sustainable infrastructure Health and social services edit Burlington is home to University of Vermont Medical Center a tertiary referral hospital for Vermont and the North Country of New York Level I Trauma Center and teaching hospital In 2008 the U S Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reported that Burlington ranks high among U S metropolitan areas by having the largest proportion of people 92 percent who say they are in good or great health The report went on to rate it best in exercise and lowest in obesity diabetes and other measures of ill health In 2009 Children s Health Magazine rated Burlington the best city in the country to raise a family 135 In 2010 the government banned smoking within 25 feet 7 6 m of the city s parks and recreational areas 136 Howard Center headquartered in Burlington provides social services to state residents and runs Vermont s first and the area s only methadone maintenance program the Chittenden Clinic citation needed nbsp One of the four buildings in the Edmunds School complex nbsp Old Mill at the University of VermontNotable people editMain article List of people from Burlington VermontSister cities editSee also List of twin towns and sister cities in Vermont Sister cities edit Burlington s sister cities are 137 nbsp Arad Israel nbsp Bethlehem Palestine nbsp Burlington Canada nbsp Honfleur France nbsp Moss Point Mississippi United States nbsp Nishinomiya Japan nbsp Puerto Cabezas Nicaragua nbsp Yaroslavl Russia suspended in 2022 138 Sister lakes edit Burlington s sister lakes are 139 nbsp Lake Ohrid on the border of North Macedonia and Albania nbsp Lake Toba IndonesiaSee also editFive Sisters Burlington Vermont University of Vermont Champlain CollegeNotes edit Mean monthly maxima and minima i e the expected highest and lowest temperature readings at any point during the year or given month calculated based on data at said location from 1991 to 2020 Official records for Burlington were kept at downtown from December 1883 to 3 June 1943 and at Burlington Int l since 4 June 1943 For more information see ThreadExReferences edit Resnik Robert J 2013 Legendary Locals of Burlington Vermont Arcadia Publishing p 10 Burlington was known as the Queen City of Vermont at least as far back as 1848 when the telegraph first arrived in Burlington and the people of Troy New York addressed their congratulations to people of the Queen City The title really took hold though in June 1865 when the City of Burlington s first mayor Albert L Catlin stated in one of his early speeches We represent a young city which may in time be known and distinguished as the Queen City of New England Facts about Burlington Vermont The Queen City and Its Institutions Its Drives Rambles Views Places of Interest and Its Resources C H Possons 1888 a b c Burlington Geographic Names Information System United States Geological Survey United States Department of the Interior City Council City of Burlington Vermont Retrieved March 10 2023 2019 U S Gazetteer Files United States Census Bureau Retrieved August 7 2020 U S Census Quickfacts Retrieved November 12 2021 US Board on Geographic Names United States Geological Survey October 25 2007 Retrieved January 31 2008 Woodard Colin November 17 2016 America s First All Renewable Energy City POLITICO Magazine Retrieved October 12 2021 2023 Best Places to Live in Vermont Niche 2023 Retrieved May 1 2023 Swift Esther Munroe 1977 Vermont Place Names ISBN 0 8289 0291 7 p 165 a b Coolidge A J and Mansfield J B A History and Description of New England Boston 1859 Hill Ralph Nading 1960 Yankee Kingdom Vermont and New Hampshire New York Harper amp Brothers p 173 a b Johnson Tim 1812 A look back at Burlington s 20 minute war Burlington Free Press July 29 2007 p 4A Logan Lee Grant may help Burlington reclaim War of 1812 heritage Burlington Free Press July 8 2007 1909 Champlain Tercentenary Celebration of the Discovery of Lake Champlain Hudson River Maritime Museum Archived from the original on April 3 2009 Hill Ralph Nading 1960 Yankee Kingdom Vermont and New Hampshire New York Harper amp Brothers p 172 Pine Street Barge Canal Archived October 9 2010 at the Wayback Machine Superfund PDF epa gov July 11 2014 Retrieved January 24 2016 Sanders Bernie 2015 First published 1997 Outsider in the White House Brooklyn NY Verso p 79 ISBN 978 1 78478 418 8 On this day McKinley is shot while Roosevelt is traveling National Constitution Center Resolution Calling for Justice and a peaceful end to Palestine and Israel Conflict PDF A regime of Jewish supremacy from the Jordan River to the Mediterranean Sea This is apartheid B Tselem January 12 2021 Shakir Omar April 27 2021 A Threshold Crossed Human Rights Watch AJC Letter to Burlington VT City Council on BDS Resolution AJC www ajc org September 13 2021 Retrieved August 8 2023 Rosenfeld Arno September 10 2021 Vermont s largest city could become first in U S to endorse BDS The Forward Retrieved May 1 2023 Mayor Miro Weinberger Statement on Upcoming City Council Resolution City of Burlington Vermont www burlingtonvt gov Retrieved August 8 2023 Elletson Grace September 14 2021 Burlington council pulls resolution backing Israeli boycott divestment and sanctions VTDigger Retrieved August 8 2023 Archived at Ghostarchive and the Wayback Machine Video of council meeting YouTube Bubola Emma Police Arrest Suspect in Shooting of 3 Palestinian Students in Vermont The New York Times Retrieved November 27 2023 Maptech MapServer II Archived January 12 2016 at the Wayback Machine Baird Joel Banner August 3 2013 What lies beneath The Burlington Free Press Burlington Vermont pp 1C Visits amp Events Champlain College Retrieved August 9 2015 UVM National Register North Street Burlington Vermont Statement of Significance Artists Snub Makerhood Proposed for Burlington s South End Vermont Journalism Trust June 18 2015 Retrieved August 23 2015 Payer Melissa Desrochers Jared Laird Neil A Climatological Study of Lake Champlain Lake Effect Snow Band Events PDF apollo lsc vsc edu Archived from the original PDF on June 24 2008 a b NowData NOAA Online Weather Data National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Retrieved May 17 2021 Champlain Powder The Historic Burlington Vermont Snowfall of 2 3 January 2010 PDF weather gov Burlington VT noaa gov Retrieved January 24 2016 Station BURLINGTON INTL AP VT U S Climate Normals 2020 U S Monthly Climate Normals 1991 2020 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Archived from the original on September 8 2023 Retrieved May 17 2021 Burlington Vermont Temperature Extremes PDF National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Archived from the original PDF on September 8 2023 Retrieved June 17 2021 WMO Climate Normals for BURLINGTON ETHAN ALLEN AIRPOR VT 1961 1990 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Archived from the original on September 8 2023 Retrieved March 11 2014 Burlington Vermont USA Monthly weather forecast and Climate data Weather Atlas Retrieved July 4 2019 U S Census website United States Census Bureau Retrieved November 12 2021 a b c d e f g h QuickFacts Burlington City Vermont Census Bureau Retrieved May 1 2023 Burlington South Burlington VT Economy at a Glance www bls gov Retrieved May 1 2023 ELMI Occupations Vermont Department of Labor www vtlmi info Retrieved May 1 2023 Vermont Wage Distribution 2004 2022 PDF VTLMI April 27 2023 Retrieved May 1 2023 City of Burlington Receives Two Notch Credit Rating Upgrade from Moody s Investors Services City of Burlington Vermont www burlingtonvt gov Retrieved May 1 2023 The University of Vermont Medical Center Careers The University of Vermont Health Network UVM Health Network Retrieved May 1 2023 UVM Facts UVM Retrieved May 1 2023 Blodgett Blodgett Ovens Retrieved May 1 2023 McLean Dan General Dynamics buys Michigan company Burlington Free Press November 21 2008 Dealer com www vermont com Archived from the original on May 1 2023 Retrieved May 1 2023 Burlington s Dealer com Lays Off 45 Employees burlingtonfreepress com January 1 2012 Archived from the original on July 22 2012 Retrieved January 5 2012 About Ben amp Jerry s Ben amp Jerry s Retrieved May 1 2023 Vermont Teddy Bear Co Sues Disney Los Angeles Times May 28 1997 Retrieved January 18 2019 Unilever to acquire Seventh Generation Burlington Free Press Retrieved October 30 2018 The best workplaces in Vermont recognized today Burlington Free Press Retrieved October 30 2018 Lake Champlain chamber names Burton business of the year Burlington Free Press Retrieved October 30 2018 Briggs John Marketplace Great Public Space Burlington Free Press October 9 2008 Best Public Square 2022 USA TODAY 10Best Readers Choice Awards 10Best April 22 2022 Retrieved May 1 2023 a b c Green Susan July 5 2010 Festival Finances Burlington Free Press Burlington Vermont pp 1B 10B About Burlington Farmers Market Archived from the original on September 15 2017 Retrieved September 25 2017 Dragon boats fill the waters off Burlington Burlington Free Press August 6 2007 Murray Elizabeth July 30 2021 The Lake Champlain Dragon Boat Festival is back this year Here s what to know Burlington Free Press Retrieved March 26 2022 Dragon hearts Burlington Free Press Burlington Vermont July 30 2009 pp Weekend 17 Aloe Jess April 17 2018 First Night Burlington ends 35 year run done in by cold and lack of money Burlington Free Press The Babes of Beaver Pond Seven Days Retrieved January 24 2016 Seven Days Retrieved January 24 2016 Hallenbeck Brent Does this winter feel like it s dragging The Winter Is a Drag Ball is here Burlington Free Press Retrieved November 15 2022 Fri 1983 12 02 Harris Millis Cafeteria UVM Phish Retrieved April 27 2021 Akeda the Binding and Unbinding the Long Walk Back Medium February 6 2015 Retrieved February 20 2016 Lauginiger Kelley September 11 2019 Interview Kat Wright s Indomitable amp Sustainable Soul JamBase Retrieved February 28 2021 Kat Wright to play Champlain Valley Expo in Higher Ground s 1st concert since coronavirus Burlington Free Press June 11 2020 Retrieved February 28 2021 Greg Freeman Comes Down to Boston Alston Pudding June 18 2023 Retrieved December 21 2023 Bernie Sanders Pens Letter Of Appreciation To Twiddle L4LM July 30 2017 Retrieved March 13 2018 South End Art Hop The South End Arts amp Business Association SEABA Retrieved February 1 2016 a b Fletcher Free Library Designation Report Archived October 29 2013 at the Wayback Machine About Archived 2013 10 29 at the Wayback Machine on the library website Libraries on the rise Burlington Free Press July 25 2008 Ethan Allen Homestead Museum ethanallenhomestead org Retrieved March 13 2018 cchsvt Retrieved January 24 2016 ECHO Leahy Center for Lake Champlain echovermont org Retrieved January 24 2016 Berrizbeitia Ines Fleming Museum Home UVM Retrieved January 24 2016 Flynn Center for the Performing Arts flynncenter org Archived from the original on January 21 2016 Retrieved January 24 2016 Waterfront Park Burlington Parks Recreation amp Waterfront Retrieved August 14 2019 Gordon Mark 1996 Rediscovering Jewish Infrastructure Update on United States Nineteenth Century Synagogues American Jewish History 84 1 11 27 doi 10 1353 ajh 1996 0013 S2CID 162276183 Project MUSE 379 National Register of Historic Places Archived October 29 2013 at the Wayback Machine on the Burlington city website Howard Mortuary Chapel Designation Report Archived 2013 10 29 at the Wayback Machine University Green Historic District Designation Report Archived October 29 2013 at the Wayback Machine a b Cathedrals of Burlington Vermont Locus Iste May 18 2012 Retrieved January 24 2016 D Ambrosio Dan October 11 2018 Burlington s Immaculate Conception once a cathedral to be sold Burlington Free Press Retrieved June 16 2019 Vermont Lake Monsters September 23 2010 Vermont Joins Oakland A s Organization Vermont Lake Monsters Archived from the original on July 19 2012 The First International Ice Hockey Game 1886 HockeyGods com May 10 2011 Archived from the original on June 22 2020 Retrieved February 20 2016 Frozen Fenway 2012 Replica Jersey Uvmathletics com November 21 2011 Retrieved January 5 2012 University of Vermont Uvmathletics com Retrieved January 5 2012 Ober Lauren Heave Ho Vermont Frost Heaves Fold Seven Days Retrieved December 22 2020 KeyBank VT City Marathon General Information Archived May 13 2008 at the Wayback Machine Donoghue Mike January 25 2009 Boxers battle at Memorial Burlington Free Press Burlington City Council Archived December 1 2011 at the Wayback Machine Vermont gov Vermont gov Retrieved January 5 2012 Miro Weinberger for Mayor of Burlington Vermont 2012 miroformayor com 2012 Archived from the original on April 29 2012 Retrieved April 8 2012 Quigley Aidan March 5 2019 Election of 2 new Progressives shifts balance on Burlington City Council vtdigger org Retrieved March 5 2019 City Council City of Burlington Vermont Washington Post article The Washington Post Rachel Maddow August 13 2015 Bernie Sanders track record distinguished by consistency The Rachel Maddow Show MSNBC Retrieved May 25 2016 Editorial Student voters add to ballot participation Burlington Free Press October 24 2008 Johnson Tim October 24 2008 State takes voter fraud precautions Burlington Free Press Johnson Tim City UVM sign fees deal Burlington Free Press September 29 2007 Ranked Choice Voting City of Burlington Retrieved November 1 2023 Sustainability Academy at Lawrence Barnes Magnet School Information Archived 2014 07 16 at the Wayback Machine Sa bsd schoolfusion us Retrieved 2013 08 02 10 Medical Schools That Are Most Competitive for Applicants U S News amp World Report L P March 31 2015 Archived from the original on July 6 2011 Retrieved August 4 2015 burlingtonfreepress com The Burlington Free Press Burlington news community entertainment yellow pages and classifieds Serving Burlington Vermont Archived from the original on October 3 2009 retrieved July 30 2007 Archived June 27 2007 at the Wayback Machine Current News Vermont Business Magazine Retrieved July 19 2022 Today s Vermont News Vermont Digger Retrieved July 19 2022 The Natural Philosopher Student Run Science News CCTA Announces Regional Transition PDF Burlington Vermont CCTA June 15 2010 Archived from the original PDF on October 2 2011 Bus Service VT NH NY Vermont Translines Retrieved 2014 07 25 Robinson Shaun July 29 2022 Back on track Vermonters celebrate the return of passenger rail service to Burlington VTDIGGER Retrieved July 31 2022 Douglas John Bowen Vermont governor seeks more Amtrak service January 31 2013 Railway Age Route 15 Corridor Improvement Plan Burlington Essex Rail Project Burlington Rail Tunnel Assessment PDF Boston Massachusetts DMJM Harris May 2002 Port Of Entry Burlington International Airport Archived 2009 09 01 at the Wayback Machine Porter Airlines debuts in Burlington Vermont PR Newswire December 15 2011 Retrieved March 26 2013 Burlington loses its one international commercial flight December 2018 Baird Joel Banner June 10 2010 Planners propose US 2 realignment Burlington Free Press Burlington Vermont pp 2C Lake Champlain Ferries Lake Champlain Transportation Company Retrieved February 25 2016 Burlington Telecom About Burlington Telecom Burlington Telecom Archived from the original on January 4 2010 Retrieved October 25 2009 Staff Blogs Burlington Free Press burlingtonfreepress com Archived from the original on July 22 2012 Retrieved January 5 2012 Surk Barbara and Schreck Adam Al Jazeera drew U S viewers to web for news Burlington Free Press January 25 2009 Lefebvre Paul and Braithwaite Chris VEC wants wind power from both Sheffield and Lowell The Chronicle March 11 2009 a b Our History Burlington Electric Department www burlingtonelectric com Retrieved November 10 2020 Woodard Colin November 17 2016 America s First All Renewable Energy City POLITICO Magazine Retrieved November 10 2020 Schwenk Katya October 19 2020 Looking towards a net zero future Burlington considers requiring all electric buildings VTDigger Retrieved November 10 2020 Colletti Jaclyn September 15 2009 The 100 Best and Worst Places to Raise a Family Rodale Inc Archived from the original on August 21 2010 Retrieved August 8 2010 Ryan Matt July 12 2010 City s beaches parks fields are affected Burlington Free Press Burlington Vermont pp 6A Sister Cities City of Burlington Retrieved May 1 2023 Guessferd Christina March 5 2022 Supporters dismayed by suspension of Russia sister city program WCAX Retrieved October 20 2023 Sister Lakes City of Burlington Retrieved May 1 2023 Bibliography editSee also Bibliography of the history of Burlington VermontExternal links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Burlington Vermont nbsp Wikisource has the text of the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica article Burlington Vermont nbsp Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Burlington Vermont City of Burlington official website Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Burlington Vermont amp oldid 1209491387, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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