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Bids for the 2012 Summer Olympics

August 23, 2023

Nine cities submitting bids to host the 2012 Summer Olympics and 2012 Summer Paralympics[a] were recognised by the International Olympic Committee (IOC). The Committee shortlisted five of them—London, Madrid, Moscow, New York City, and Paris—from which London eventually prevailed; thus becoming the first city to host the Olympic Games for a third time.[1] The bidding process for the 2012 Olympics was considered one of the most hotly contested in the history of the IOC.[2] Paris was seen by some as the front-runner for much of the campaign,[3] but skillful lobbying by London's supporters and an inspirational final presentation by Sebastian Coe led to the success of its bid.[1]

Bids for the
2012 (2012) Summer Olympics and Paralympics
Overview
Games of the XXX Olympiad
XIV Paralympic Games
Winner: London
Runner-up: Paris
Shortlist: Madrid · New York City · Moscow
Details
CommitteeIOC
Election venueSingapore
117th IOC Session
Map

Location of the bidding cities
Important dates
First Bid15 July 2003
Second bid15 January 2004
Shortlist18 May 2004
Decision6 July 2005
Decision
WinnerLondon (54 votes)
Runner-upParis (50 votes)

After a technical evaluation of the nine original bids, the top five were shortlisted on 18 May 2004, becoming official candidates. The remaining applicant cities—Havana, Istanbul, Leipzig and Rio de Janeiro—were eliminated.[4] Four of the five candidate cities were prominent national capitals, which lent an increased competitive interest to the final bidding phase. Paris and Madrid earned the top scores during the application phase, but in early 2005, a more thorough evaluation of the candidates put Paris and London in a close race that became tighter as the final vote approached. On 6 July 2005, in a four-round exhaustive ballot of the IOC (gathered at the 117th IOC Session in Singapore), Moscow, New York City and Madrid were eliminated in the first three rounds. London won the final round by a margin of four votes over Paris and secured the right to host the 2012 Olympics.

In the month after the election, members of the Paris 2012 delegation argued that the London delegation had violated IOC rules. The key points in the accusations were London 2012's abortive athlete incentive initiative and lobbying by then-British Prime Minister Tony Blair.[5] A public statement by IOC President Jacques Rogge dismissed these accusations, stating that the competition had been fair.[6] Another controversy occurred during the bidding process when an undercover investigation by British television series Panorama revealed a corruption scandal associated with IOC member Ivan Slavkov and Olympic agents, who offered to deliver votes from IOC members to any 2012 Olympic bid in return for financial favours.[7] Still recovering from the effects of the Salt Lake City scandal, the IOC reacted swiftly and punitively toward the rule-breaking individuals.[8]

Bidding process

The Olympic bidding process begins with the submission of a city's application to the International Olympic Committee (IOC) by its National Olympic Committee (NOC) and ends with the election of the host city by the members of the IOC during an ordinary session. The process is governed by the Olympic Charter, as stated in Chapter 5, Rule 34.[9]

Since 1999, the process has consisted of two phases. During the first phase, which begins immediately after the bid submission deadline, the "applicant cities" are required to answer a questionnaire covering themes of importance to a successful Games organisation. This information allows the IOC to analyse the cities' hosting capacities and the strengths and weaknesses of their plans. Following a detailed study of the submitted questionnaires and ensuing reports, the IOC Executive Board selects the cities that are qualified to proceed to the next phase. The second phase is the true candidature stage: the accepted applicant cities (from now on referred to as "candidate cities") are required to submit a second questionnaire in the form of an extended, more detailed, candidature file.[10] These files are carefully studied by the IOC Evaluation Commission, a group composed of IOC members, representatives of international sport federations, NOCs, athletes, the International Paralympic Committee, and international experts in various fields.[11] The members of the Evaluation Commission then make four-day inspection visits to each of the candidate cities, where they check the proposed venues and are briefed about details of the themes covered in the candidature file. The Evaluation Commission communicates the results of its inspections in a report sent to the IOC members up to one month before the electing IOC Session.[10]

The IOC Session in which a host city is elected takes place in a country that did not submit an application to stage the Olympics.[10] The election is made by the assembled active IOC members (excluding honorary and honour members), each possessing one vote. Members from countries that have a city taking part in the election cannot vote while the city is in the running. The voting is conducted in a succession of rounds until one bid achieves an absolute majority of votes; if this does not happen in the first round, the bid with the fewest votes is eliminated and another voting round begins. In the case of a tie for the lowest number of votes, a special runoff vote is carried out, with the winner proceeding to the next round. After each round, the eliminated bid is announced.[12][13] Following the announcement of the host city, the successful bid delegation signs the "Host City Contract" with the IOC, which delegates the responsibilities of the Games organisation to the city and respective NOC.[14]

Evaluation of applicant cities

The deadline to submit applications for the 2012 Summer Olympics was 15 July 2003.[15] The nine cities that submitted bids before that date also met the 15 January 2004 deadline for submission of the first phase questionnaire.[15] Through analysis of the questionnaires, the IOC gave a weighted-average score to each city based on the scores obtained in each of the questionnaire's eleven themes: political and social support, general infrastructure, sports venues, Olympic Village, environment, accommodation, transport, security, past experience, finance, and legacy. If a bid's score was higher than six (IOC's predefined benchmark score), the city was considered highly capable of hosting the Games; otherwise, its chances were very slim.[16] On 18 May 2004, the IOC announced the cities accepted as candidates:[15]

Table of scores given by the IOC Working Group to assess the quality and feasibility of the 2012 Applicant cities
Criteria Weight Paris Leipzig New York Moscow Istanbul Havana London Madrid Rio de Janeiro
  FRA   GER   USA   RUS   TUR   CUB   GBR   ESP   BRA
Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Max
Accommodation 5 10.0 10.0 5.2 5.5 10.0 10.0 6.2 7.4 5.9 6.5 3.3 4.1 10.0 10.0 7.9 8.4 5.0 5.6
Environmental conditions and impact 2 6.6 8.6 7.4 9.0 5.0 7.6 4.6 7.6 4.6 7.6 5.0 7.0 7.2 8.6 7.2 8.6 5.2 7.6
Experience from past sports events 2 7.6 9.0 4.8 6.8 6.2 8.0 4.6 7.0 3.4 6.0 3.0 5.6 4.8 6.8 6.0 7.4 5.0 7.6
Finance 3 6.0 8.0 6.8 8.5 5.0 7.5 4.4 7.2 4.2 6.1 3.8 5.4 6.0 8.0 6.0 8.0 3.0 6.7
General infrastructure 5 6.8 7.8 4.0 5.5 5.3 7.0 4.8 6.8 2.7 4.1 1.5 3.2 5.3 7.0 7.5 8.5 3.1 4.6
Government support, legal issues, public opinion 3 7.2 8.0 7.2 8.0 6.2 7.1 6.7 7.5 7.2 7.9 7.0 7.7 6.5 7.2 7.5 8.3 7.0 7.7
Olympic Village(s) 3 6.8 8.3 6.3 8.2 5.3 7.7 6.6 8.0 4.2 6.3 4.3 6.4 5.5 8.0 7.3 8.7 6.3 8.2
Overall project and legacy 3 8.0 9.0 4.0 7.0 5.0 8.0 5.0 7.0 3.0 5.0 2.0 5.0 6.0 8.0 8.0 9.0 4.0 6.0
Safety and security 3 7.3 8.3 6.4 7.4 6.3 7.2 5.2 6.4 3.4 4.6 3.0 4.0 6.7 7.7 6.4 7.4 3.9 4.8
Sports venues 4 6.7 8.0 5.2 7.1 6.2 7.7 5.2 7.1 4.3 6.0 3.7 5.4 5.2 7.1 7.4 8.7 4.9 7.0
Transport concept 3 6.5 8.0 5.4 7.8 4.5 6.7 4.1 6.2 3.4 5.1 2.7 4.8 4.8 6.7 7.9 9.0 3.6 5.7
TOTAL AVERAGE 8.5 6.0 7.5 6.5 4.8 3.7 7.6 8.3 5.1

The five highest-rated applicants progressed to the next phase as official candidate cities.[15] As stipulated, the IOC granted them the right to use the Olympic rings on their candidature emblem, together with a label identifying each as a Candidate City.[b]

Evaluation of candidate cities

By 15 November 2004, all candidates had submitted their candidature files to the IOC. After a period of analysis by the IOC, the cities were visited by the IOC Evaluation Commission, consisting of twelve members and chaired by Moroccan IOC member Nawal El Moutawakel.[11] The four-day visits occurred between 3 February and 17 March 2005:[15]

The Parisian bid suffered two setbacks during the inspection: a number of strikes and demonstrations coincided with the visit, and a report was released stating that Guy Drut, IOC member and one of the key members of Paris's bid team, faced charges over alleged political party financial corruption.[17]

 
A London Underground C Stock train decorated to promote London's Olympic bid.

On 6 June 2005, the IOC released the inspection team's evaluation reports of the five candidate cities.[15] Although these documents did not contain scores or rankings, the report for Paris was considered the most positive, followed closely by London, which had narrowed most of the gap observed at the time of the first-phase evaluation in 2004. New York City and Madrid also obtained very positive evaluations, while Moscow was considered the weakest bid.[18] On the same day, New York City's bid suffered a major setback following the report that the State of New York refused to fund West Side Stadium, a New York 2012 centrepiece.[19] The New York City campaign devised an alternative plan within a week, but such a major change with only one month remaining before the final vote damaged the city's chances.

Throughout the bidding process and leading up to the vote at the 117th IOC Session, Paris was widely seen as the favourite, particularly as its bid was the city's third in recent history (previous bids being for 1992 and 2008). London was originally seen as lagging behind Paris by a considerable margin, but this situation began to reverse with the appointment of Sebastian Coe as the head of London 2012, on 19 May 2004.[20] In late August 2004, reports emerged that predicted a tie between London and Paris.[21] In the final run-up to the 117th IOC Session, London and Paris appeared to be in an increasingly close contest. On 1 July 2005, IOC president Jacques Rogge, when asked who the winner would be, told the assembled press, "I cannot predict it since I don't know how the IOC members will vote. But my gut feeling tells me that it will be very close. Perhaps it will come down to a difference of say ten votes, or maybe less."[22]

Final selection process

See also: 117th IOC Session

The opening ceremony of the 117th IOC Session was held at the Esplanade - Theatres on the Bay in Singapore on 5 July 2005. Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong was the guest of honour and officially opened the session. Song, dance and martial arts exhibitions with the theme "One Voice, One Rhythm, One World" began the ceremony.[23]

On 6 July 2005, the election day, the IOC Session was held at the Raffles City Convention Centre. It began at 1:00 UTC with the one-hour final presentations of the candidate cities, followed by a half-hour press briefing, in the following order: Paris, New York City, Moscow, London and Madrid. The bid presentations ended at 9:00 UTC and a presentation of the Evaluation Commission's final report preceded the election.[24] Of the 116 active IOC members, 17 could not vote in the first round, leaving 99 members able to exert their voting rights.[25]

IOC members unable to vote in the 2012 Host City Election (17)
Members from countries
with candidate cities (13) 		Other members (4)

The electronic ballot began at 10:26 UTC, and the first three rounds eliminated Moscow, New York City and Madrid, respectively. After a city was eliminated, members from that city's country were allowed to vote in the following rounds. London and Paris made it to the fourth and final round of voting, which concluded at 10:45 UTC. An hour later, at 11:49 UTC, London was formally announced as the winner by Jacques Rogge.[3] Approximately one billion viewers watched the announcement on live television.[23]

After the announcement, the ballot results were published: London gathered more votes in the first, third and final rounds, while Madrid won the second round despite falling short on votes in the third round and being eliminated. The competitiveness of the bids from Paris and London was ultimately demonstrated by a four-vote difference in the final round.

2012 Host City Election – ballot results
City NOC Round 1 Round 2 Round 3 Round 4
London   Great Britain 22 27 39 54
Paris   France 21 25 33 50
Madrid   Spain 20 32 31 —
New York City   United States 19 16 — —
Moscow   Russia 15 — — —

Candidate cities overview

Candidate cities

City Country National Olympic Committee Result
London   Great Britain British Olympic Association (BOA) Winner
Main article: London bid for the 2012 Summer Olympics

After Birmingham and Manchester failed to deliver winning bids for the 1992, 1996 and 2000 Olympic Games, the British Olympic Association (BOA) decided that London was the best choice to pursue the goal of hosting the Summer Olympics.[26] The centrepiece of the London bid was the Lower Lea Valley, the location designated to be transformed into a world-class Olympic Park and Olympic Village. It was to be connected via a high-speed shuttle service, dubbed the Olympic Javelin, and existing transportation links capable of transferring 240,000 people per hour.[27] After the closing of the Games, the area was to be transformed into the largest urban park developed in Europe for more than 150 years, with an area of 500 acres (2 km2),[28] and would be home to the Olympic Medical Institute (OMI), a sports medical and rehabilitation centre.[29] The bid called for substantial improvement of the London Underground system and more investment into new Olympic sites throughout the city. Emphasis was put on London's world-famous landmarks and existing sporting venues. London was considered to be the second favourite for the election after Paris, but an inspirational and thought-provoking presentation led by Sebastian Coe, pushed the British bid irreversibly ahead of that of the French. On 7 July 2005, the victory celebrations were marred by the terrorist attacks on London's public transport system. This prompted immediate fears concerning the security of the 2012 Games, to which the IOC and British officials reacted in a reassuring way.[30][31]

Paris   France French National Olympic and Sports Committee (CNOSF) First runner-up
Main article: Paris bid for the 2012 Summer Olympics

Paris was widely regarded as the firm favourite to become the host city of the 2012 Olympics,[3] considering it lost out on its previous bids for the 1992 and the 2008 Summer Olympics to Barcelona and Beijing, respectively. The Parisian bid planned for the placement of sports venues in the city's northern and western clusters, with the Olympic Village stationed in between, less than 10 minutes away from each one.[32] The plan received a high technical score from the IOC due to the city's well-maintained transport system and plentiful accommodation, making it able to handle a large number of tourists. The bid garnered much support from Parisians and the nation on the whole.[33] Although much of the infrastructure, like the Stade de France, was already in place, the plan proposed to build temporary sports venues that could be moved and reused elsewhere after the Games.[33] Paris's rich cultural and Olympic heritage were emphasized as well as the city's experience in hosting successful international sporting events, such as the 1998 FIFA World Cup and the 2003 World Championships in Athletics.[33] All of these items placed Paris in a very strong position. Paris would eventually go on to win the host of the 2024 Summer Olympics in 2017.

Madrid   Spain Spanish Olympic Committee (COE) Second runner-up
Main article: Madrid bid for the 2012 Summer Olympics

In early 2003, Madrid beat Seville to represent the country on the international Olympic bidding stage.[34] Madrid presented an above-average bid where almost all sports venues were located within three clusters close to each other and to the city centre.[35] Several existing facilities ensured low expenditure would be sufficient to host the Olympics, while new and permanent sports venues would have provided a lasting Olympic legacy to the city.[35] For the first time in the history of the Games, the transportation and accommodation of the hundreds of thousands of tourists gathering in the capital would be entirely dependent on public transport infrastructure.[35] All venues and public transport would have run on renewable energy, turning the Games of Madrid into the "green Olympics".[35] The city had experience in hosting numerous European and World championships and cups in several Olympic sports.[36] Of the five candidate bids, Madrid's was the most supported by its city and national population,[36] and its promotion was boosted with the support of the former IOC president Juan Antonio Samaranch, who lobbied votes for the Spanish capital.[37] During the last stages of the bidding process, IOC member Prince Albert of Monaco questioned the security of Madrid, remembering the Al Qaeda terrorist attacks which took place in the city on 11 March 2004, and killed 191 people. The Spanish delegation found this remark especially offensive and regarded the final election of London over Madrid as a consequence of Albert's words.[38]

New York City   United States United States Olympic Committee (USOC) Third runner-up
Main article: New York City bid for the 2012 Summer Olympics

New York City was selected over San Francisco during the United States internal bid competition in 2002. The "Olympic X" plan was the main concept proposed by the bid team: two primary transportation lines would string together the several Olympic venue clusters in Manhattan, Queens, Brooklyn, and even East Rutherford, New Jersey; an 8,550-room Olympic Village would be located at the lines' intersection.[39] Within the clusters, existing sites such as Madison Square Garden, Yankee Stadium, Central Park, USTA National Tennis Center, and Giants Stadium and Continental Airlines Arena (Meadowlands Sports Complex), would stand next to new venues, like the Queensbridge Athletic Center, Greenbelt Equestrian Center and the Flushing Meadows Regatta Center.[40] The city assured plentiful accommodation and possessed a high-level hosting experience, and the city's ability to market itself throughout the world, was seen as one of its strongest aspects.[39] The bid was dealt a setback when New York State authorities refused to approve the construction of the West Side Stadium, the plan's main venue, hampering the bid's chances in the short-run.[41] The city's bid was revived when it announced an agreement to construct a new stadium (Citi Field), which was billed as the potential primary venue for the ceremonies and athletics.[41] New York City was never seen as a front-runner, and its chances for getting the Games were hurt after Canada secured the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver, British Columbia.[c] Years after New York City bid loss, the Olympic Games were ultimately return to the United States (the last Olympics in the country being the 2002 Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City, Utah) when Los Angeles city awarded the 2028 Summer Olympics.

Moscow   Russia Russian Olympic Committee (OKR) Fourth runner-up
Main article: Moscow bid for the 2012 Summer Olympics

Moscow's plan for the 2012 Olympics were to be built upon the legacy created by the 1980 Summer Olympics. It called for every single competition to be staged in sports venues within the city limits and in clustered areas around the Moscow River, which would have made it one of the "most compact Games ever" according to the bid's head Valery Shantsev.[42] All existing venues would have been extensively renovated and new venues were to be constructed and tested in time for the Olympics.[43] The centrepiece and core of the city's Olympic bid was the new, modern Olympic Village, that would be constructed on one of the river banks.[43] Despite a high support from the city and national population, plus an extended hosting experience, Moscow suffered from insufficient accommodation and an old transport system which may not have been able to cope with the expected traffic during the Olympics.[43] Two years after Moscow lost the bid, the city of Sochi eventually hosted the 2014 Winter Olympics.

Controversies

Tony Blair's Olympic pitch

In December 2003, the British prime minister Tony Blair spoke about the London bid during a "sports breakfast" he hosted during a summit in Nigeria.[44] Blair mentioned the bid in context of the positive legacy of the 2002 Commonwealth Games in Manchester: "It was partly the success of the Commonwealth Games that inspired our bid for the Olympics."[44] Since the IOC expressly forbids any international promotion of bids before the final candidature phase, it wrote to leading British officials asking for an explanation concerning the alleged violation.[44] The chairmen of the Commonwealth Games Federation and the British Olympic Association, and spokesmen from Downing Street and London 2012 denied any violation of the IOC's ethical code, insisting that Blair's comments were taken out of context as there was no intention to promote the bid.[44] Nevertheless, to prevent future ethical clashes, barrister Michael Beloff was appointed the ethics commissioner for the London bid two months later.[45]

Ivan Slavkov corruption scandal

On 4 August 2004, BBC's Panorama broadcast the results of a year-long investigation in which the reporters posed as consultants from a fictitious firm "New London Ventures", which was supposed to represent businesses interested in bringing the 2012 Olympics to London. The report unveiled how some Olympic agents could guarantee votes from certain IOC members to the London bid, in exchange for favours or money.[7] The undercover team secretly filmed its encounter with one of these agents, Goran Takac, who presented them to Ivan Slavkov, an IOC member and the Bulgarian Olympic Committee's president.[7] Slavkov stated he was open to negotiation since he had not made up his mind about which 2012 candidate city would get his vote.[46] Takac mentioned that Slavkov's position on the IOC was an advantage to bypass the rigid rules concerning meetings with other members, and that Slavkov's services fee was included on the initial figures given to the reporters.[46]

In the days leading to the programme's broadcast, the IOC Ethics Commission launched an enquiry to investigate the accusations made in the documentary.[47] Even though the Panorama reporters clearly stated that the London bid was nowhere associated with the investigation, the bid officials made further statements claiming the team had no knowledge and involvement, hoping to distance themselves from the scandal: "What I have to make clear is that London 2012 knew nothing about this—we have nothing to hide," said Alan Pascoe, a London 2012 vice chairman, committing to "do everything we can to co-operate [with the IOC enquiry] and take this story off the running order".[47] Sebastian Coe, also a vice chairman at the time, reaffirmed Pascoe's words and assured "London 2012 has acted properly and ethically throughout the bidding process."[47] After watching the documentary, IOC members and officials cleared London 2012 of any wrongdoing.[48]

Following the broadcast, the IOC provisionally suspended Ivan Slavkov and forbade him from attending the 2004 Summer Olympics.[7] Jacques Rogge claimed he was "an angry man because some people are not playing by the rules," underlining that "Under my leadership, I can stress there is zero tolerance for unethical behaviour".[7] An IOC Ethics Commission report released on 25 October 2004 condemned Slavkov and backed the veracity of the BBC's investigation: "the complete recording of the meeting between Mr Slavkov and the two journalists reveals that: ...at no time and in no way did Mr Slavkov object to this discussion of the terms of a contract to secure a candidate city the votes of IOC members whom he and Mr Takac were likely to be able to influence".[46][49] Knowing about the accusation, Slavkov argued that he attended the meeting with the purpose of trying to frame the supposed corrupters,[7] however the Ethics Commission report further stated that "at no point does it emerge from the meeting that Mr Slavkov's sole intention was to catch in the act these corrupters of IOC members."[46] It goes on to say that Slavkov received "no mandate to 'find the real roots of corruption'" and that he was to profit monetarily from Takac's services.[46] The report concluded:

"Mr Slavkov tarnished the honour and reputation of the Olympic Movement and the IOC... Indeed, an IOC member's involvement in this 'negotiation' lent credibility to the hypothesis advanced by the journalists that there were within the IOC members and agents who could corrupt other IOC members."[46]

On 7 July 2005, during the 117th IOC Session, Ivan Slavkov was expelled from the organisation following an 84–12 voting by the IOC members.[8]

French recriminations following vote

The Paris delegation, led by Bertrand Delanoë, argued that Tony Blair and the London delegation had broken the IOC rules. On 11 July 2005, Delanoë stated: "They have not respected the rules established by the International Olympic Committee. I do not say that they were flirting with the yellow line, I say that they crossed the yellow line".[5][50] A controversial move by the London bid team was its initiative to offer incentive packages for participating athletes, which included free flights, food, vouchers for long-distance calling and other financial accommodations. Immediately after announcing the initiative, London withdrew it, most likely as a result of Jacques Rogge raising concerns over its potential to start a "bidding war".[51] Paris also claimed that the lobbying by Tony Blair was illegal, an accusation that was strongly denied by Downing Street.[50] It was not until 4 August 2005 that Jacques Rogge suppressed any further controversies by saying in a statement: "I made it very clear that, in my opinion, the competition was fair. It was conducted according to the rules that we have set out".[6] Delanoë's comments were criticised by Parisian political leaders; Claude Goasguen, president of the Union for a Popular Movement (UMP) party of the Council of Paris, stated: "One cannot make such type of accusations without delivering any proof".[5]

Even before the election, tensions grew between the French and British delegations, already in Singapore. The Paris bid team considered submitting a complaint against London bid consultants Jim Sloman and Rod Sheard after they stated that the Stade de France was not adequate for athletics, an action that goes against the IOC rules which forbid any bid to make statements about a rival bid.[52] The London team promptly denied that the two men were under contract with the bid at that time, and underlined that their opinions did not reflect the views of the London bid.[52]

Mistaken voting controversy

On 23 December 2005, Alex Gilady, an Israeli IOC member and a member of the IOC's London 2012 Co-ordination Commission, suggested that Madrid should have tied for second spot with Paris in the third round of voting, but did not do so because Greek member Lambis Nikolaou pressed the wrong button.[53] He further postulated that if this had happened, Madrid would have beaten Paris in the resulting runoff ballot for second place, and gone on to beat London in the final round.[53][54] However, Craig Reedie, a British IOC member, dismissed these words, commenting that a claim "that an unnamed member 'might' have done something which 'might' have brought about something else which 'might' have brought about a different result is 'the kind of tittle-tattle that happens after many an IOC vote'."[53]

By the end of 2005, Lambis Nikolaou denied Gilady's claims: "All this speculation surrounding my role in the third round of voting for the 2012 candidates is totally unfounded. I state that I did not vote in the third round as I had announced at the time of the vote."[55] This statement was confirmed by the IOC voting numbers,[56] which demonstrate that, even if Nikolaou had voted for Madrid, the city would have failed to beat Paris in the third voting round.[55]

Chirac's culinary comments

Then-French President Jacques Chirac became the subject of controversy the day before the International Olympic Committee was due to pick a host city. Chirac made comments stating that "the only worse food than British food is Finnish" and "the only thing the British have done for Europe's agriculture is mad cow disease". Not only were Chirac's comments considered unsportsmanlike where the normal etiquette is not to criticize rival cities, there were two IOC members from Finland who would vote in the final ballot. While Paris was widely acknowledged as the front runner, the narrow loss to London led many to believe that Chirac's comments were at fault.[57]

Potential applicant cities

Besides the initial nine applicant cities, other cities also wished to bid for the 2012 Summer Olympics, but the bids were not internally selected by the NOC (in case of more than one bidding city from the same country), were not put forward to the IOC, or were withdrawn before filing the necessary paperwork.[58]

The Nigerian capital, Abuja, planned to present a bid to become the first African city to stage the Olympic Games, but ended up not filling its application.[59] In Asia, four cities were interested in holding the Games, but did not officially submit a bid: Hyderabad,[60] New Delhi,[61] Osaka and Tel Aviv.[62] In South America, the Brazilian Olympic Committee chose Rio de Janeiro over São Paulo,[63] and if Rio de Janeiro had been selected by the IOC, it would have been the first Olympiad staged in South America (four years on, Rio de Janeiro did land the 2016 Summer Olympics). In Canada, Toronto initially planned to gain hosting rights for 2012 after losing the 2008 Olympics bidding process, but because Vancouver landed the 2010 Winter Olympics, the Canadian city cancelled these plans.[64] In the United States, the city of New York was picked by the United States Olympic Committee (USOC) over San Francisco,[65] although several other cities submitted candidatures to become the American candidate for the 2012 Olympics; these included Houston, Washington D.C. (in cooperation with nearby Baltimore), Cincinnati, Dallas, Pittsburgh, Los Angeles,[66] Seattle and Tampa[67] (in cooperation with nearby Orlando).[68] Several European cities wanted to follow the likes of London, Madrid, Moscow and Paris, and were thus hopeful to gain their NOC's support. Germany chose Leipzig over Düsseldorf, Frankfurt, Hamburg, and Stuttgart,[69] while in Spain, Seville lost out to Madrid.[34] Other referenced cities were Budapest,[70] Milan, Rome,[71] Stockholm, Gothenburg, Malmö, Oslo and Copenhagen.[72]

Notes

  1. ^ Formally known as "Games of the XXX Olympiad" and "Games of the XIV Paralympiad".
  2. ^ The Olympic emblem (Olympic rings) is a copyrighted logo of the International Olympic Committee (IOC); the organization exclusively permits candidate cities, those high-scoring cities chosen from the applicant cities list, to use the Olympic emblem in their bid logos.[73][74]
  3. ^ The IOC has generally resisted awarding consecutive Olympic Games to the same continent.[75] In recent history, however, the 2004 Summer Olympics and the 2006 Winter Olympics were both awarded to European nations, and President Jacques Rogge has said that back-to-back Olympics in the same continent were not out of the question for future games.[76]

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External links

IOC reports

  • IOC Candidature Acceptance Working Group Report (12 May 2004)
  • (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 October 2005. Retrieved 27 March 2007.
    • (PDF). Archived from the original on 23 July 2011. Retrieved 11 March 2007.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
    • (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 July 2011. Retrieved 23 July 2011.
    • (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 July 2011. Retrieved 23 July 2011.
    • (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 July 2011. Retrieved 23 July 2011.
    • (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 July 2011. Retrieved 23 July 2011.

Candidature files

Applicant files

  • Istanbul
  • Havana
  • Leipzig
  • London
  • Madrid
  • Moscow
  • New York
  • Paris
  • Rio de Janeiro

Other links

  • 117th IOC Session ( 6–9 July 2005—Singapore)
  •   (WMV file)

August 23, 2023
bids, 2012, summer, olympics, nine, cities, submitting, bids, host, 2012, summer, olympics, 2012, summer, paralympics, were, recognised, international, olympic, committee, committee, shortlisted, five, them, london, madrid, moscow, york, city, paris, from, whi. Nine cities submitting bids to host the 2012 Summer Olympics and 2012 Summer Paralympics a were recognised by the International Olympic Committee IOC The Committee shortlisted five of them London Madrid Moscow New York City and Paris from which London eventually prevailed thus becoming the first city to host the Olympic Games for a third time 1 The bidding process for the 2012 Olympics was considered one of the most hotly contested in the history of the IOC 2 Paris was seen by some as the front runner for much of the campaign 3 but skillful lobbying by London s supporters and an inspirational final presentation by Sebastian Coe led to the success of its bid 1 Bids for the 2012 2012 Summer Olympics and ParalympicsOverviewGames of the XXX Olympiad XIV Paralympic GamesWinner London Runner up Paris Shortlist Madrid New York City MoscowDetailsCommitteeIOCElection venueSingapore117th IOC SessionMapLocation of the bidding citiesImportant datesFirst Bid15 July 2003Second bid15 January 2004Shortlist18 May 2004Decision6 July 2005DecisionWinnerLondon 54 votes Runner upParis 50 votes After a technical evaluation of the nine original bids the top five were shortlisted on 18 May 2004 becoming official candidates The remaining applicant cities Havana Istanbul Leipzig and Rio de Janeiro were eliminated 4 Four of the five candidate cities were prominent national capitals which lent an increased competitive interest to the final bidding phase Paris and Madrid earned the top scores during the application phase but in early 2005 a more thorough evaluation of the candidates put Paris and London in a close race that became tighter as the final vote approached On 6 July 2005 in a four round exhaustive ballot of the IOC gathered at the 117th IOC Session in Singapore Moscow New York City and Madrid were eliminated in the first three rounds London won the final round by a margin of four votes over Paris and secured the right to host the 2012 Olympics In the month after the election members of the Paris 2012 delegation argued that the London delegation had violated IOC rules The key points in the accusations were London 2012 s abortive athlete incentive initiative and lobbying by then British Prime Minister Tony Blair 5 A public statement by IOC President Jacques Rogge dismissed these accusations stating that the competition had been fair 6 Another controversy occurred during the bidding process when an undercover investigation by British television series Panorama revealed a corruption scandal associated with IOC member Ivan Slavkov and Olympic agents who offered to deliver votes from IOC members to any 2012 Olympic bid in return for financial favours 7 Still recovering from the effects of the Salt Lake City scandal the IOC reacted swiftly and punitively toward the rule breaking individuals 8 Contents 1 Bidding process 1 1 Evaluation of applicant cities 1 2 Evaluation of candidate cities 1 3 Final selection process 2 Candidate cities overview 2 1 Candidate cities 3 Controversies 3 1 Tony Blair s Olympic pitch 3 2 Ivan Slavkov corruption scandal 3 3 French recriminations following vote 3 4 Mistaken voting controversy 3 5 Chirac s culinary comments 4 Potential applicant cities 5 Notes 6 References 7 External links 7 1 IOC reports 7 2 Candidature files 7 3 Applicant files 7 4 Other linksBidding process EditThe Olympic bidding process begins with the submission of a city s application to the International Olympic Committee IOC by its National Olympic Committee NOC and ends with the election of the host city by the members of the IOC during an ordinary session The process is governed by the Olympic Charter as stated in Chapter 5 Rule 34 9 Since 1999 the process has consisted of two phases During the first phase which begins immediately after the bid submission deadline the applicant cities are required to answer a questionnaire covering themes of importance to a successful Games organisation This information allows the IOC to analyse the cities hosting capacities and the strengths and weaknesses of their plans Following a detailed study of the submitted questionnaires and ensuing reports the IOC Executive Board selects the cities that are qualified to proceed to the next phase The second phase is the true candidature stage the accepted applicant cities from now on referred to as candidate cities are required to submit a second questionnaire in the form of an extended more detailed candidature file 10 These files are carefully studied by the IOC Evaluation Commission a group composed of IOC members representatives of international sport federations NOCs athletes the International Paralympic Committee and international experts in various fields 11 The members of the Evaluation Commission then make four day inspection visits to each of the candidate cities where they check the proposed venues and are briefed about details of the themes covered in the candidature file The Evaluation Commission communicates the results of its inspections in a report sent to the IOC members up to one month before the electing IOC Session 10 The IOC Session in which a host city is elected takes place in a country that did not submit an application to stage the Olympics 10 The election is made by the assembled active IOC members excluding honorary and honour members each possessing one vote Members from countries that have a city taking part in the election cannot vote while the city is in the running The voting is conducted in a succession of rounds until one bid achieves an absolute majority of votes if this does not happen in the first round the bid with the fewest votes is eliminated and another voting round begins In the case of a tie for the lowest number of votes a special runoff vote is carried out with the winner proceeding to the next round After each round the eliminated bid is announced 12 13 Following the announcement of the host city the successful bid delegation signs the Host City Contract with the IOC which delegates the responsibilities of the Games organisation to the city and respective NOC 14 Evaluation of applicant cities Edit The deadline to submit applications for the 2012 Summer Olympics was 15 July 2003 15 The nine cities that submitted bids before that date also met the 15 January 2004 deadline for submission of the first phase questionnaire 15 Through analysis of the questionnaires the IOC gave a weighted average score to each city based on the scores obtained in each of the questionnaire s eleven themes political and social support general infrastructure sports venues Olympic Village environment accommodation transport security past experience finance and legacy If a bid s score was higher than six IOC s predefined benchmark score the city was considered highly capable of hosting the Games otherwise its chances were very slim 16 On 18 May 2004 the IOC announced the cities accepted as candidates 15 Paris scored 8 5 bid details Madrid scored 8 3 bid details London scored 7 6 bid details New York City scored 7 5 bid details Moscow scored 6 5 bid details Leipzig scored 6 0 Rio de Janeiro scored 5 1 Istanbul scored 4 8 Havana scored 3 7Table of scores given by the IOC Working Group to assess the quality and feasibility of the 2012 Applicant cities Criteria Weight Paris Leipzig New York Moscow Istanbul Havana London Madrid Rio de Janeiro FRA GER USA RUS TUR CUB GBR ESP BRAMin Max Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Max Min MaxAccommodation 5 10 0 10 0 5 2 5 5 10 0 10 0 6 2 7 4 5 9 6 5 3 3 4 1 10 0 10 0 7 9 8 4 5 0 5 6Environmental conditions and impact 2 6 6 8 6 7 4 9 0 5 0 7 6 4 6 7 6 4 6 7 6 5 0 7 0 7 2 8 6 7 2 8 6 5 2 7 6Experience from past sports events 2 7 6 9 0 4 8 6 8 6 2 8 0 4 6 7 0 3 4 6 0 3 0 5 6 4 8 6 8 6 0 7 4 5 0 7 6Finance 3 6 0 8 0 6 8 8 5 5 0 7 5 4 4 7 2 4 2 6 1 3 8 5 4 6 0 8 0 6 0 8 0 3 0 6 7General infrastructure 5 6 8 7 8 4 0 5 5 5 3 7 0 4 8 6 8 2 7 4 1 1 5 3 2 5 3 7 0 7 5 8 5 3 1 4 6Government support legal issues public opinion 3 7 2 8 0 7 2 8 0 6 2 7 1 6 7 7 5 7 2 7 9 7 0 7 7 6 5 7 2 7 5 8 3 7 0 7 7Olympic Village s 3 6 8 8 3 6 3 8 2 5 3 7 7 6 6 8 0 4 2 6 3 4 3 6 4 5 5 8 0 7 3 8 7 6 3 8 2Overall project and legacy 3 8 0 9 0 4 0 7 0 5 0 8 0 5 0 7 0 3 0 5 0 2 0 5 0 6 0 8 0 8 0 9 0 4 0 6 0Safety and security 3 7 3 8 3 6 4 7 4 6 3 7 2 5 2 6 4 3 4 4 6 3 0 4 0 6 7 7 7 6 4 7 4 3 9 4 8Sports venues 4 6 7 8 0 5 2 7 1 6 2 7 7 5 2 7 1 4 3 6 0 3 7 5 4 5 2 7 1 7 4 8 7 4 9 7 0Transport concept 3 6 5 8 0 5 4 7 8 4 5 6 7 4 1 6 2 3 4 5 1 2 7 4 8 4 8 6 7 7 9 9 0 3 6 5 7TOTAL AVERAGE 8 5 6 0 7 5 6 5 4 8 3 7 7 6 8 3 5 1The five highest rated applicants progressed to the next phase as official candidate cities 15 As stipulated the IOC granted them the right to use the Olympic rings on their candidature emblem together with a label identifying each as a Candidate City b Evaluation of candidate cities Edit By 15 November 2004 all candidates had submitted their candidature files to the IOC After a period of analysis by the IOC the cities were visited by the IOC Evaluation Commission consisting of twelve members and chaired by Moroccan IOC member Nawal El Moutawakel 11 The four day visits occurred between 3 February and 17 March 2005 15 Madrid 3 6 February London 16 19 February New York City 21 24 February Paris 9 12 March Moscow 14 17 MarchThe Parisian bid suffered two setbacks during the inspection a number of strikes and demonstrations coincided with the visit and a report was released stating that Guy Drut IOC member and one of the key members of Paris s bid team faced charges over alleged political party financial corruption 17 A London Underground C Stock train decorated to promote London s Olympic bid On 6 June 2005 the IOC released the inspection team s evaluation reports of the five candidate cities 15 Although these documents did not contain scores or rankings the report for Paris was considered the most positive followed closely by London which had narrowed most of the gap observed at the time of the first phase evaluation in 2004 New York City and Madrid also obtained very positive evaluations while Moscow was considered the weakest bid 18 On the same day New York City s bid suffered a major setback following the report that the State of New York refused to fund West Side Stadium a New York 2012 centrepiece 19 The New York City campaign devised an alternative plan within a week but such a major change with only one month remaining before the final vote damaged the city s chances Throughout the bidding process and leading up to the vote at the 117th IOC Session Paris was widely seen as the favourite particularly as its bid was the city s third in recent history previous bids being for 1992 and 2008 London was originally seen as lagging behind Paris by a considerable margin but this situation began to reverse with the appointment of Sebastian Coe as the head of London 2012 on 19 May 2004 20 In late August 2004 reports emerged that predicted a tie between London and Paris 21 In the final run up to the 117th IOC Session London and Paris appeared to be in an increasingly close contest On 1 July 2005 IOC president Jacques Rogge when asked who the winner would be told the assembled press I cannot predict it since I don t know how the IOC members will vote But my gut feeling tells me that it will be very close Perhaps it will come down to a difference of say ten votes or maybe less 22 Final selection process Edit See also 117th IOC Session The opening ceremony of the 117th IOC Session was held at the Esplanade Theatres on the Bay in Singapore on 5 July 2005 Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong was the guest of honour and officially opened the session Song dance and martial arts exhibitions with the theme One Voice One Rhythm One World began the ceremony 23 On 6 July 2005 the election day the IOC Session was held at the Raffles City Convention Centre It began at 1 00 UTC with the one hour final presentations of the candidate cities followed by a half hour press briefing in the following order Paris New York City Moscow London and Madrid The bid presentations ended at 9 00 UTC and a presentation of the Evaluation Commission s final report preceded the election 24 Of the 116 active IOC members 17 could not vote in the first round leaving 99 members able to exert their voting rights 25 IOC members unable to vote in the 2012 Host City Election 17 Members from countrieswith candidate cities 13 Other members 4 Jean Claude Killy Henri Serandour Anita DeFrantz James L Easton Robert Ctvrtlik Vitali Smirnov Shamil Tarpischev Alexander Popov Anne Princess Royal Craig Reedie Phil Craven Infanta Dona Pilar de Borbon Juan Antonio Samaranch Jr Jacques Rogge IOC president allowed to vote however elects not to vote Ivan Slavkov suspended Nikos Filaretos absent Guy Drut absent The electronic ballot began at 10 26 UTC and the first three rounds eliminated Moscow New York City and Madrid respectively After a city was eliminated members from that city s country were allowed to vote in the following rounds London and Paris made it to the fourth and final round of voting which concluded at 10 45 UTC An hour later at 11 49 UTC London was formally announced as the winner by Jacques Rogge 3 Approximately one billion viewers watched the announcement on live television 23 After the announcement the ballot results were published London gathered more votes in the first third and final rounds while Madrid won the second round despite falling short on votes in the third round and being eliminated The competitiveness of the bids from Paris and London was ultimately demonstrated by a four vote difference in the final round 2012 Host City Election ballot results City NOC Round 1 Round 2 Round 3 Round 4London Great Britain 22 27 39 54Paris France 21 25 33 50Madrid Spain 20 32 31 New York City United States 19 16 Moscow Russia 15 Candidate cities overview EditCandidate cities Edit City Country National Olympic Committee ResultLondon Great Britain British Olympic Association BOA WinnerMain article London bid for the 2012 Summer Olympics After Birmingham and Manchester failed to deliver winning bids for the 1992 1996 and 2000 Olympic Games the British Olympic Association BOA decided that London was the best choice to pursue the goal of hosting the Summer Olympics 26 The centrepiece of the London bid was the Lower Lea Valley the location designated to be transformed into a world class Olympic Park and Olympic Village It was to be connected via a high speed shuttle service dubbed the Olympic Javelin and existing transportation links capable of transferring 240 000 people per hour 27 After the closing of the Games the area was to be transformed into the largest urban park developed in Europe for more than 150 years with an area of 500 acres 2 km2 28 and would be home to the Olympic Medical Institute OMI a sports medical and rehabilitation centre 29 The bid called for substantial improvement of the London Underground system and more investment into new Olympic sites throughout the city Emphasis was put on London s world famous landmarks and existing sporting venues London was considered to be the second favourite for the election after Paris but an inspirational and thought provoking presentation led by Sebastian Coe pushed the British bid irreversibly ahead of that of the French On 7 July 2005 the victory celebrations were marred by the terrorist attacks on London s public transport system This prompted immediate fears concerning the security of the 2012 Games to which the IOC and British officials reacted in a reassuring way 30 31 Paris France French National Olympic and Sports Committee CNOSF First runner upMain article Paris bid for the 2012 Summer Olympics Paris was widely regarded as the firm favourite to become the host city of the 2012 Olympics 3 considering it lost out on its previous bids for the 1992 and the 2008 Summer Olympics to Barcelona and Beijing respectively The Parisian bid planned for the placement of sports venues in the city s northern and western clusters with the Olympic Village stationed in between less than 10 minutes away from each one 32 The plan received a high technical score from the IOC due to the city s well maintained transport system and plentiful accommodation making it able to handle a large number of tourists The bid garnered much support from Parisians and the nation on the whole 33 Although much of the infrastructure like the Stade de France was already in place the plan proposed to build temporary sports venues that could be moved and reused elsewhere after the Games 33 Paris s rich cultural and Olympic heritage were emphasized as well as the city s experience in hosting successful international sporting events such as the 1998 FIFA World Cup and the 2003 World Championships in Athletics 33 All of these items placed Paris in a very strong position Paris would eventually go on to win the host of the 2024 Summer Olympics in 2017 Madrid Spain Spanish Olympic Committee COE Second runner upMain article Madrid bid for the 2012 Summer Olympics In early 2003 Madrid beat Seville to represent the country on the international Olympic bidding stage 34 Madrid presented an above average bid where almost all sports venues were located within three clusters close to each other and to the city centre 35 Several existing facilities ensured low expenditure would be sufficient to host the Olympics while new and permanent sports venues would have provided a lasting Olympic legacy to the city 35 For the first time in the history of the Games the transportation and accommodation of the hundreds of thousands of tourists gathering in the capital would be entirely dependent on public transport infrastructure 35 All venues and public transport would have run on renewable energy turning the Games of Madrid into the green Olympics 35 The city had experience in hosting numerous European and World championships and cups in several Olympic sports 36 Of the five candidate bids Madrid s was the most supported by its city and national population 36 and its promotion was boosted with the support of the former IOC president Juan Antonio Samaranch who lobbied votes for the Spanish capital 37 During the last stages of the bidding process IOC member Prince Albert of Monaco questioned the security of Madrid remembering the Al Qaeda terrorist attacks which took place in the city on 11 March 2004 and killed 191 people The Spanish delegation found this remark especially offensive and regarded the final election of London over Madrid as a consequence of Albert s words 38 New York City United States United States Olympic Committee USOC Third runner upMain article New York City bid for the 2012 Summer Olympics New York City was selected over San Francisco during the United States internal bid competition in 2002 The Olympic X plan was the main concept proposed by the bid team two primary transportation lines would string together the several Olympic venue clusters in Manhattan Queens Brooklyn and even East Rutherford New Jersey an 8 550 room Olympic Village would be located at the lines intersection 39 Within the clusters existing sites such as Madison Square Garden Yankee Stadium Central Park USTA National Tennis Center and Giants Stadium and Continental Airlines Arena Meadowlands Sports Complex would stand next to new venues like the Queensbridge Athletic Center Greenbelt Equestrian Center and the Flushing Meadows Regatta Center 40 The city assured plentiful accommodation and possessed a high level hosting experience and the city s ability to market itself throughout the world was seen as one of its strongest aspects 39 The bid was dealt a setback when New York State authorities refused to approve the construction of the West Side Stadium the plan s main venue hampering the bid s chances in the short run 41 The city s bid was revived when it announced an agreement to construct a new stadium Citi Field which was billed as the potential primary venue for the ceremonies and athletics 41 New York City was never seen as a front runner and its chances for getting the Games were hurt after Canada secured the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver British Columbia c Years after New York City bid loss the Olympic Games were ultimately return to the United States the last Olympics in the country being the 2002 Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City Utah when Los Angeles city awarded the 2028 Summer Olympics Moscow Russia Russian Olympic Committee OKR Fourth runner upMain article Moscow bid for the 2012 Summer Olympics Moscow s plan for the 2012 Olympics were to be built upon the legacy created by the 1980 Summer Olympics It called for every single competition to be staged in sports venues within the city limits and in clustered areas around the Moscow River which would have made it one of the most compact Games ever according to the bid s head Valery Shantsev 42 All existing venues would have been extensively renovated and new venues were to be constructed and tested in time for the Olympics 43 The centrepiece and core of the city s Olympic bid was the new modern Olympic Village that would be constructed on one of the river banks 43 Despite a high support from the city and national population plus an extended hosting experience Moscow suffered from insufficient accommodation and an old transport system which may not have been able to cope with the expected traffic during the Olympics 43 Two years after Moscow lost the bid the city of Sochi eventually hosted the 2014 Winter Olympics Controversies EditTony Blair s Olympic pitch Edit In December 2003 the British prime minister Tony Blair spoke about the London bid during a sports breakfast he hosted during a summit in Nigeria 44 Blair mentioned the bid in context of the positive legacy of the 2002 Commonwealth Games in Manchester It was partly the success of the Commonwealth Games that inspired our bid for the Olympics 44 Since the IOC expressly forbids any international promotion of bids before the final candidature phase it wrote to leading British officials asking for an explanation concerning the alleged violation 44 The chairmen of the Commonwealth Games Federation and the British Olympic Association and spokesmen from Downing Street and London 2012 denied any violation of the IOC s ethical code insisting that Blair s comments were taken out of context as there was no intention to promote the bid 44 Nevertheless to prevent future ethical clashes barrister Michael Beloff was appointed the ethics commissioner for the London bid two months later 45 Ivan Slavkov corruption scandal Edit On 4 August 2004 BBC s Panorama broadcast the results of a year long investigation in which the reporters posed as consultants from a fictitious firm New London Ventures which was supposed to represent businesses interested in bringing the 2012 Olympics to London The report unveiled how some Olympic agents could guarantee votes from certain IOC members to the London bid in exchange for favours or money 7 The undercover team secretly filmed its encounter with one of these agents Goran Takac who presented them to Ivan Slavkov an IOC member and the Bulgarian Olympic Committee s president 7 Slavkov stated he was open to negotiation since he had not made up his mind about which 2012 candidate city would get his vote 46 Takac mentioned that Slavkov s position on the IOC was an advantage to bypass the rigid rules concerning meetings with other members and that Slavkov s services fee was included on the initial figures given to the reporters 46 In the days leading to the programme s broadcast the IOC Ethics Commission launched an enquiry to investigate the accusations made in the documentary 47 Even though the Panorama reporters clearly stated that the London bid was nowhere associated with the investigation the bid officials made further statements claiming the team had no knowledge and involvement hoping to distance themselves from the scandal What I have to make clear is that London 2012 knew nothing about this we have nothing to hide said Alan Pascoe a London 2012 vice chairman committing to do everything we can to co operate with the IOC enquiry and take this story off the running order 47 Sebastian Coe also a vice chairman at the time reaffirmed Pascoe s words and assured London 2012 has acted properly and ethically throughout the bidding process 47 After watching the documentary IOC members and officials cleared London 2012 of any wrongdoing 48 Following the broadcast the IOC provisionally suspended Ivan Slavkov and forbade him from attending the 2004 Summer Olympics 7 Jacques Rogge claimed he was an angry man because some people are not playing by the rules underlining that Under my leadership I can stress there is zero tolerance for unethical behaviour 7 An IOC Ethics Commission report released on 25 October 2004 condemned Slavkov and backed the veracity of the BBC s investigation the complete recording of the meeting between Mr Slavkov and the two journalists reveals that at no time and in no way did Mr Slavkov object to this discussion of the terms of a contract to secure a candidate city the votes of IOC members whom he and Mr Takac were likely to be able to influence 46 49 Knowing about the accusation Slavkov argued that he attended the meeting with the purpose of trying to frame the supposed corrupters 7 however the Ethics Commission report further stated that at no point does it emerge from the meeting that Mr Slavkov s sole intention was to catch in the act these corrupters of IOC members 46 It goes on to say that Slavkov received no mandate to find the real roots of corruption and that he was to profit monetarily from Takac s services 46 The report concluded Mr Slavkov tarnished the honour and reputation of the Olympic Movement and the IOC Indeed an IOC member s involvement in this negotiation lent credibility to the hypothesis advanced by the journalists that there were within the IOC members and agents who could corrupt other IOC members 46 On 7 July 2005 during the 117th IOC Session Ivan Slavkov was expelled from the organisation following an 84 12 voting by the IOC members 8 French recriminations following vote Edit The Paris delegation led by Bertrand Delanoe argued that Tony Blair and the London delegation had broken the IOC rules On 11 July 2005 Delanoe stated They have not respected the rules established by the International Olympic Committee I do not say that they were flirting with the yellow line I say that they crossed the yellow line 5 50 A controversial move by the London bid team was its initiative to offer incentive packages for participating athletes which included free flights food vouchers for long distance calling and other financial accommodations Immediately after announcing the initiative London withdrew it most likely as a result of Jacques Rogge raising concerns over its potential to start a bidding war 51 Paris also claimed that the lobbying by Tony Blair was illegal an accusation that was strongly denied by Downing Street 50 It was not until 4 August 2005 that Jacques Rogge suppressed any further controversies by saying in a statement I made it very clear that in my opinion the competition was fair It was conducted according to the rules that we have set out 6 Delanoe s comments were criticised by Parisian political leaders Claude Goasguen president of the Union for a Popular Movement UMP party of the Council of Paris stated One cannot make such type of accusations without delivering any proof 5 Even before the election tensions grew between the French and British delegations already in Singapore The Paris bid team considered submitting a complaint against London bid consultants Jim Sloman and Rod Sheard after they stated that the Stade de France was not adequate for athletics an action that goes against the IOC rules which forbid any bid to make statements about a rival bid 52 The London team promptly denied that the two men were under contract with the bid at that time and underlined that their opinions did not reflect the views of the London bid 52 Mistaken voting controversy Edit On 23 December 2005 Alex Gilady an Israeli IOC member and a member of the IOC s London 2012 Co ordination Commission suggested that Madrid should have tied for second spot with Paris in the third round of voting but did not do so because Greek member Lambis Nikolaou pressed the wrong button 53 He further postulated that if this had happened Madrid would have beaten Paris in the resulting runoff ballot for second place and gone on to beat London in the final round 53 54 However Craig Reedie a British IOC member dismissed these words commenting that a claim that an unnamed member might have done something which might have brought about something else which might have brought about a different result is the kind of tittle tattle that happens after many an IOC vote 53 By the end of 2005 Lambis Nikolaou denied Gilady s claims All this speculation surrounding my role in the third round of voting for the 2012 candidates is totally unfounded I state that I did not vote in the third round as I had announced at the time of the vote 55 This statement was confirmed by the IOC voting numbers 56 which demonstrate that even if Nikolaou had voted for Madrid the city would have failed to beat Paris in the third voting round 55 Chirac s culinary comments Edit Then French President Jacques Chirac became the subject of controversy the day before the International Olympic Committee was due to pick a host city Chirac made comments stating that the only worse food than British food is Finnish and the only thing the British have done for Europe s agriculture is mad cow disease Not only were Chirac s comments considered unsportsmanlike where the normal etiquette is not to criticize rival cities there were two IOC members from Finland who would vote in the final ballot While Paris was widely acknowledged as the front runner the narrow loss to London led many to believe that Chirac s comments were at fault 57 Potential applicant cities EditBesides the initial nine applicant cities other cities also wished to bid for the 2012 Summer Olympics but the bids were not internally selected by the NOC in case of more than one bidding city from the same country were not put forward to the IOC or were withdrawn before filing the necessary paperwork 58 The Nigerian capital Abuja planned to present a bid to become the first African city to stage the Olympic Games but ended up not filling its application 59 In Asia four cities were interested in holding the Games but did not officially submit a bid Hyderabad 60 New Delhi 61 Osaka and Tel Aviv 62 In South America the Brazilian Olympic Committee chose Rio de Janeiro over Sao Paulo 63 and if Rio de Janeiro had been selected by the IOC it would have been the first Olympiad staged in South America four years on Rio de Janeiro did land the 2016 Summer Olympics In Canada Toronto initially planned to gain hosting rights for 2012 after losing the 2008 Olympics bidding process but because Vancouver landed the 2010 Winter Olympics the Canadian city cancelled these plans 64 In the United States the city of New York was picked by the United States Olympic Committee USOC over San Francisco 65 although several other cities submitted candidatures to become the American candidate for the 2012 Olympics these included Houston Washington D C in cooperation with nearby Baltimore Cincinnati Dallas Pittsburgh Los Angeles 66 Seattle and Tampa 67 in cooperation with nearby Orlando 68 Several European cities wanted to follow the likes of London Madrid Moscow and Paris and were thus hopeful to gain their NOC s support Germany chose Leipzig over Dusseldorf Frankfurt Hamburg and Stuttgart 69 while in Spain Seville lost out to Madrid 34 Other referenced cities were Budapest 70 Milan Rome 71 Stockholm Gothenburg Malmo Oslo and Copenhagen 72 Notes Edit Formally known as Games of the XXX Olympiad and Games of the XIV Paralympiad The Olympic emblem Olympic rings is a copyrighted logo of the International Olympic Committee IOC the organization exclusively permits candidate cities those high scoring cities chosen from the applicant cities list to use the Olympic emblem in their bid logos 73 74 The IOC has generally resisted awarding consecutive Olympic Games to the same continent 75 In recent history however the 2004 Summer Olympics and the 2006 Winter Olympics were both awarded to European nations and President Jacques Rogge has said that back to back Olympics in the same continent were not out of the question for future games 76 References Edit a b London wins 2012 Olympics CNN 7 July 2005 Archived from the original on 17 February 2007 Retrieved 6 March 2007 London named 2012 Olympics host MSNBC 18 July 2005 Archived from the original on 8 July 2005 Retrieved 6 March 2007 a b c London beats Paris to 2012 Games BBC Sport 6 July 2005 Archived from the original on 13 February 2007 Retrieved 6 March 2007 London 2012 Election Olympic Games International Olympic Committee Archived from the original on 3 April 2007 Retrieved 24 March 2007 a b c JO 2012 Delanoe relance la polemique in French L Expansion 11 July 2005 Retrieved 11 July 2005 a b Rogge Calls 2012 Host City Competition Fair GamesBids 4 August 2005 Retrieved 4 August 2005 a b c d e f Buying the Games BBC News 6 July 2005 Retrieved 3 April 2007 a b SINGAPORE 2005 Session Receives Reports International Olympic Committee 7 July 2005 Retrieved 4 April 2007 Olympic Charter PDF International Olympic Committee 1 September 2004 Archived from the original PDF on 12 April 2007 Retrieved 28 March 2007 a b c Host City Election Procedure International Olympic Committee Archived from the original on 29 April 2007 Retrieved 28 March 2007 a b Role and composition of the Evaluation Commission 117th IOC Session International Olympic Committee Archived from the original on 12 March 2007 Retrieved 28 March 2007 FAQ ELECTION OF AN OLYMPIC GAMES HOST CITY Host city election International Olympic Committee Archived from the original on 16 March 2007 Retrieved 28 March 2007 Election procedure 117th IOC Session International Olympic Committee Archived from the original on 18 April 2007 Retrieved 28 March 2007 The Organising Committees of the Olympic Games The Movement International Olympic Committee Archived from the original on 22 March 2007 Retrieved 28 March 2007 a b c d e f Candidature Procedure for the 2012 Olympic Games International Olympic Committee Archived from the original on 16 April 2007 Retrieved 27 March 2007 Report by the IOC candidature acceptance working group to the IOC Executive Board PDF International Olympic Committee 12 March 2004 p 97 Archived from the original PDF on 26 March 2007 Retrieved 26 March 2007 Day One of Paris 2012 Inspection By IOC GamesBids Retrieved 9 March 2005 Paris London and New York Get Glowing IOC Reports GamesBids Retrieved 6 June 2005 Funding For New York 2012 Olympic Stadium Rejected GamesBids Retrieved 6 June 2005 Race For 2012 Summer Olympics Could be Photo Finish GamesBids 5 June 2005 Retrieved 30 March 2007 London And Paris Tie in 2012 Bid GamesBids Retrieved 31 August 2004 Rogge Arrives in Singapore International Sailing Federation 1 July 2005 Retrieved 6 March 2007 a b The Olympics in Singapore PDF Singapore Ministry of Foreign Affairs Archived from the original PDF on 14 June 2007 Retrieved 24 March 2007 Session Calendar 117th IOC Session International Olympic Committee Archived from the original on 9 March 2007 Retrieved 29 March 2007 Election of the host city for the Games of the XXX Olympiad Who votes 117th IOC Session International Olympic Committee Archived from the original on 11 March 2007 Retrieved 29 March 2007 Rivals for 2012 London BBC Sport 8 June 2005 Retrieved 6 March 2007 Stratford Olympic Park 25 January 2006 Archived from the original on 20 March 2007 Retrieved 6 March 2007 A lasting legacy A new park London2012 com LOCOG Archived from the original on 31 March 2007 Retrieved 30 March 2007 Olympic Medical Institute Archived from the original on 19 February 2007 Retrieved 6 March 2007 London Terrorist Attack Won t Affect Host City Status Says IOC Celebration Cancelled GamesBids 7 July 2005 Retrieved 30 March 2007 London Will Stage Safe And Secure Games Says Sports Minister GamesBids 9 July 2005 Retrieved 30 March 2007 Rivals for 2012 Paris BBC Sport 8 June 2005 Retrieved 6 March 2007 a b c Report of the IOC Evaluation Commission for the Games of the XXX Olympiad in 2012 Paris PDF International Olympic Committee 6 June 2005 Archived from the original PDF on 18 April 2007 Retrieved 30 March 2007 a b Madrid Chosen Spain s Candidate For 2012 Bid GamesBids 21 January 2003 Retrieved 24 March 2007 a b c d Rivals for 2012 Madrid BBC Sport 8 June 2005 Retrieved 6 March 2007 a b Report of the IOC Evaluation Commission for the Games of the XXX Olympiad in 2012 Madrid PDF International Olympic Committee 6 June 2005 Archived from the original PDF on 23 July 2011 Retrieved 30 March 2007 Madrid 2012 Gets Support From Samaranch GamesBids 4 July 2005 Retrieved 30 March 2007 Alberto de Monaco niega haber sido teledirigido in Spanish El Mundo 13 July 2005 Retrieved 1 April 2007 a b Report of the IOC Evaluation Commission for the Games of the XXX Olympiad in 2012 New York PDF International Olympic Committee 6 June 2005 Archived from the original PDF on 18 April 2007 Retrieved 30 March 2007 Lieber Jill 18 May 2004 Home improvements USA Today Retrieved 30 March 2007 a b Rivals for 2012 New York BBC Sport 8 June 2005 Retrieved 31 March 2007 Rivals for 2012 Moscow BBC Sport 8 June 2005 Retrieved 6 March 2007 a b c Report of the IOC Evaluation Commission for the Games of the XXX Olympiad in 2012 Moscow PDF International Olympic Committee 6 June 2005 Archived from the original PDF on 23 July 2011 Retrieved 30 March 2007 a b c d Blair denies Olympic pitch BBC Sport 22 December 2003 Retrieved 3 April 2007 London appoints ethics tsar BBC Sport 3 February 2004 Retrieved 3 April 2007 a b c d e f The case against Slavkov BBC News 6 July 2005 Retrieved 3 April 2007 a b c Olympic votes up for sale BBC Sport 30 July 2004 Retrieved 3 April 2007 IOC clears London group of bid corruption China Daily 13 August 2004 Retrieved 4 April 2007 IOC Ethics Commission Decision with recommendations PDF International Olympic Committee 25 October 2004 Archived from the original PDF on 14 June 2007 Retrieved 5 April 2007 a b London s Bid Breached Rules Said Paris Mayor Blair Spokesman Calls It Fair GamesBids 11 July 2005 Retrieved 30 March 2007 London withdraws 2012 incentives BBC Sport 23 April 2005 Retrieved 30 March 2007 a b IOC President Steps in to Diffuse sic Potential Dispute GamesBids com 4 July 2005 Retrieved 30 March 2007 a b c Voting error gave London Games BBC News 23 December 2005 Archived from the original on 5 January 2006 Retrieved 23 December 2005 Voting error gave Olympics to London BBC News Retrieved 5 February 2007 a b IOC member denies error in vote for 2012 Olympics Canadian Broadcasting Corporation 28 December 2005 Retrieved 11 June 2015 IOC Reiterates Voting Details For Host City of the XXX Olympiad International Olympic Committee 27 December 2005 Archived from the original on 11 March 2007 Retrieved 24 March 2007 Press blast Chirac for jokes about British food CTV News www ctv ca Archived from the original on 29 May 2012 Retrieved 26 January 2022 2012 Summer Olympic Games Bids GamesBids Archived from the original on 27 February 2007 Retrieved 6 March 2007 Nigeria To Bid For 2012 Olympic Games GamesBids 20 August 2002 Retrieved 27 March 2007 We will bid for 2012 Olympics The Times of India 20 December 2002 Retrieved 25 March 2007 India chases ultimate Olympic glory CNN 25 April 2002 Archived from the original on 20 July 2007 Retrieved 25 March 2007 Tel Aviv Considers Olympic Bid SportBusiness 27 September 2001 Retrieved 25 March 2007 Candidaturas in Portuguese Brazilian Olympic Committee Archived from the original on 7 January 2007 Retrieved 24 March 2007 Lawlor Allison 2 July 2003 Already with the Whining and Sour Grapes Toronto s hopes dashed The Globe and Mail Archived from the original on 14 October 2006 Retrieved 24 March 2007 New York Wins USOC Nomination For 2012 Olympic Bid GamesBids 2 November 2002 Retrieved 24 March 2007 Los Angeles Launches Olympic Bid ABC News July 2001 Retrieved 15 September 2015 Rodriguez Logo Added To State Bid The Ledger Lakeland 10 October 1998 Retrieved 28 January 2013 New York City 2012 Summer Olympic Games Bid GamesBids Retrieved 25 March 2007 Leipzig 2012 Summer Olympic Games Bid GamesBids Archived from the original on 15 April 2007 Retrieved 24 March 2007 Hungary Drops Its 2012 Bid Intentions GamesBids 30 April 2003 Retrieved 27 March 2007 Italy To Pass On 2012 Considers Milan 2016 Olympic Bid GamesBids 11 July 2003 Retrieved 27 March 2007 Several Cities Consider 2012 Olympic Bid GamesBids 20 November 2000 Retrieved 27 March 2007 2012 Candidature Procedure and Questionnaire PDF International Olympic Committee 17 May 2004 pp 33 55 Archived from the original PDF on 22 March 2007 Retrieved 30 March 2007 Rules of Conduct Applicable to all Cities Wishing to Organise the Olympic Games PDF International Olympic Committee 7 February 2007 Archived from the original PDF on 5 June 2007 Retrieved 25 April 2007 Maenning Wolfgang Zimbalist Andrew S eds 2012 International Handbook on the Economics of Mega Sporting Events Edward Elgar Publishing p 75 ISBN 9780857930279 Vancouver 2010 Win Could Affect New York 2012 GamesBids 3 July 2003 Retrieved 30 March 2007 External links EditIOC reports Edit IOC Candidature Acceptance Working Group Report 12 May 2004 IOC Evaluation Commission Report 6 June 2005 PDF Archived from the original PDF on 26 October 2005 Retrieved 27 March 2007 Chapter London PDF Archived from the original on 23 July 2011 Retrieved 11 March 2007 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint bot original URL status unknown link Chapter Madrid PDF Archived from the original PDF on 23 July 2011 Retrieved 23 July 2011 Chapter Moscow PDF Archived from the original PDF on 23 July 2011 Retrieved 23 July 2011 Chapter New York PDF Archived from the original PDF on 23 July 2011 Retrieved 23 July 2011 Chapter Paris PDF Archived from the original PDF on 23 July 2011 Retrieved 23 July 2011 Candidature files Edit London Madrid Moscow New York ParisApplicant files Edit Istanbul Havana Leipzig London Madrid Moscow New York Paris Rio de JaneiroOther links Edit 117th IOC Session 6 9 July 2005 Singapore 2012 Host City Election announcement WMV file Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Bids for the 2012 Summer Olympics amp oldid 1163493555, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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