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Wikipedia

Google Fiber

April 27, 2024

Not to be confused with Google Fi Wireless.

Google Fiber, sometimes stylized as GFiber, is a fiber broadband Internet service operated by Google Fiber Inc.,[2] a subsidiary of Alphabet,[3] servicing a growing number of households in cities in 19 states across the United States.[4] In mid-2016, Google Fiber was estimated to have about 453,000 broadband customers.[5]

GFiber

Area served28 areas across the contiguous United States
OwnerGoogle (2010–2015)
Access/Alphabet Inc. (2015–present)
Key peopleDinesh Jain
(CEO of Access)[1]
IndustryMultiple-system operator
ProductsBroadband Internet
VoIP telephone
URLfiber.google.com
LaunchedFebruary 10, 2010; 14 years ago (2010-02-10)
Current statusActive
ASNs
  • 16591 (primary)
  • 19165 (Webpass)

The service was first introduced to the Kansas City metropolitan area,[6] including twenty Kansas City area suburbs within the first three years. Initially proposed as an experimental project,[7] Google Fiber was announced as a viable business model in December 2012, when Google executive chairman Eric Schmidt stated "It's actually not an experiment, we're actually running it as a business", at The New York Times' DealBook Conference.[8]

Google Fiber announced expansion to Austin, Texas, and Provo, Utah, in April 2013, and subsequent expansions in 2014 and 2015 to Atlanta, Charlotte, Research Triangle, Nashville, Salt Lake City, and San Antonio.[9] GFiber resumed expansion and by early 2024, GFiber also served Huntsville (Alabama), Maricopa County (Arizona), Des Moines and West Des Moines (Iowa), Omaha (Nebraska) among others.

In August 2015, Google announced its intention to restructure the company, moving less central services and products into a new umbrella corporation, Alphabet Inc. As part of this restructuring plan, Google Fiber would become a subsidiary of Alphabet and would possibly become part of the Access and Energy business unit.[10]

In October 2016, all expansion plans were put on hold and some jobs were cut.[11] Google said it would continue to provide Google Fiber service in the cities where it was already installed. Since then, GFiber acquired Webpass to add presence in 5 additional states.

In March 2022, Google Fiber announced it would bring high speed internet to the Des Moines, Iowa, metro area, making it the first expansion in five years.[12][13] GFiber has resumed very active expansion in several new states

In August 2022, Google Fiber announced it would expand into 22 metro areas in five states (Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Nebraska, and Nevada), including previously announced expansions into Mesa, Arizona, and Colorado Springs, Colorado, based on where it felt speeds were lagging.[14] It also announced additional investment in North Carolina.[15] CNET characterized this an example of fast fiber winning the broadband wars.[16]

In October 2023 Google Fiber rebranded to GFiber and announced plans to begin offering 20Gig internet and Wi-Fi 7 hardware in the near future.[17]

Services edit

 
A map of cities with Google Fiber as of late 2023[18]
 
Google Fiber Network Box (now being retired 2023)

Google Fiber offers four options, depending on location: Fiber 1 Gig, 2 Gig, 5 Gig, 8 Gig and an option for home phone service. All speed tiers include one terabyte of storage on Google Drive service.

Google Fiber offers four different service plans to its customers (depending on market/region):[19][20]

Plan Fiber 1 Gig Fiber 2 Gig Fiber 5 Gig Fiber 8 Gig
Internet bandwidth (download) 1 Gbit/s 2 Gbit/s 5 Gbit/s 8 Gbit/s
Internet bandwidth (upload) 1 Gbit/s 1 Gbit/s (2 Gbit/s select markets) 5 Gbit/s 8 Gbit/s
Construction fee None None None None
Monthly recurring cost $70 $100 $125 $150
Storage included 1 TB Google Drive 1TB Google Drive 1TB Google Drive 1TB Google Drive
Hardware included Includes a Nest Wifi Pro or

Google Wifi

Wi-Fi 6 router

1 Mesh Extender

Wi-Fi 6 router

Includes up to 2 Mesh Extenders

Wi-Fi 6 router

Includes up to 2 Mesh Extenders

 
Representation of Google Fiber Jacks

Google also offers free Google Fiber Internet connectivity in each of its markets to select public and affordable housing properties.[21]

Google Fiber participates in the FCC's ACP Affordable Connectivity Program with discounted rates.

In February 2020, Google Fiber stopped offering TV service directly to new customers. Instead, during the sign-up process for Google Fiber, customers are presented with promotions for three virtual MVPD services: sister company YouTube TV, as well as FuboTV and (later) Philo. TV service was maintained for existing clients until early 2022.[22][23]

Distribution edit

In order to avoid underground cabling complexity for the last mile, Google Fiber relies on aggregators dubbed Google Fiber Huts.[24]

From these Google Fiber Huts, the fiber cables travel along utility poles into neighborhoods and homes, and stop at a Fiber Jack (an optical network terminal or ONT) in each home.[25]

The estimated cost of wiring a fiber network like Google Fiber into a major American city was $1 billion in 2016.[26][27]

First city selection process edit

The initial location was chosen following a competitive selection process.[28] Over 1,100 communities applied to be the first recipient of the service.[29][30] Google originally stated that they would announce the winner or winners by the end of 2010; however, in mid-December, Google pushed back the announcement to "early 2011" due to the number of applications.[31][32][33]

The request form was simple, and, some have argued, too straightforward.[34] This led to various attention-getting behaviors by those hoping to have their town selected.[34] Some examples are given below:

Municipalities and citizens also uploaded YouTube videos to support their bids. Some examples:

Operating locations edit

In 2011, Google launched a trial in a residential community of Palo Alto, California.[43] On March 30 of the same year, Kansas City, Kansas, was selected as the first city to receive Google Fiber.[6] In 2013, Austin, Texas, and Provo, Utah, were announced as expansion cities for Google Fiber on April 9 and 17 respectively.

  • Texas
    • Austin
    • San Antonio
  • Utah
    • Logan (upcoming as of 2023)
    • Provo
    • Salt Lake City
  • Washington
    • Seattle
  • Nebraska
    • Bellevue (upcoming as of 2023)
    • Omaha (upcoming as of 2023)
  • North Carolina
    • Charlotte
    • The Triangle
  • South Carolina
    • Tega Cay (upcoming as of 2023)
  • Tennessee
    • Murfreesboro (upcoming as of 2023)
    • Nashville
  • Illinois
    • Chicago
  • Idaho
    • Pocatello (upcoming as of 2023)
  • lowa
    • Council Bluffs (upcoming as of 2023)
    • Des Moines
    • West Des Moines
  • Kansas/Missouri
    • Kansas City
  • Colorado
    • Denver
    • Lakewood (upcoming as of 2023)
    • Westminster (upcoming as of 2023)
    • Wheat Ridge (upcoming as of 2023)
  • Florida
    • Miami
  • Georgia
    • Atlanta
  • Alabama
    • Huntsville
  • Arizona
    • Chandler (upcoming as of 2023)
    • Mesa
  • California
    • Oakland
    • Orange County
    • San Diego
    • San Francisco

Stanford University edit

Kansas City, Kansas, and Kansas City, Missouri edit

 
A service desk for Google Fiber in Kansas City in 2012

Google found that affluent neighborhoods in Kansas City signed up for the faster service while those in poorer neighborhoods did not sign up for even the free option. In response to this digital divide, Google sent a team of 60 employees to the under-served areas to promote the Google Fiber service. Additionally, Google offered micro-grants to community organizations that want to start up digital literacy programs in Kansas City.[44]

The following are chronological announcements of service in the Kansas City metropolitan area. Neighborhoods are said to be selected based on demand:[45]

  • Kansas City, Kansas – On March 30, 2011, Kansas City, Kansas, was selected from over 1,100 applicants to be the first Google Fiber community.[6]
  • Kansas City, Missouri – On May 17, 2011,[46] Google announced the decision to include Kansas City, Missouri, thus offering service to both sides of the state line. The network became available to residents in September 2012.
  • Olathe, Kansas – On March 19, 2013, Google announced that the project would be expanded to Olathe.[47]
  • North Kansas City, Missouri – On April 19, 2013, Google announced that they were to begin a 20-year lease on dark fiber in the existing LiNKCity fiber network in North Kansas City.[48] The original news article was incomplete and later articles clarified the lease.[49] Independent of Google's network the system in North Kansas City will also be upgraded to gigabit capacity and managed by a local company based out of North Kansas City.

Google placed deployment in Overland Park, Kansas, on indefinite hold in October 2013, following delays by the City Council over concerns about whether an indemnification clause that Google required might force the city to repair any damage caused by the project.[64] As of July 2014, Overland Park's City Council had voted on a deal that would allow for Google Fiber. Soon after, the city appeared on Google Fiber's website.[65]

Austin, Texas edit

  • On April 9, 2013, it was announced that Austin, Texas, would become a Google Fiber City.[66]
  • On October 15, 2014, it was announced that Austin signups for Google Fiber would start in December 2014.[67]
  • On December 3, 2014, Google started taking registrations from residents and small businesses.[68]
  • The Google Fiber store in Austin was closed by 2023, however the buildout continued in the city.
  • 5 Gig launched in the Austin Market August 21, 2023.[69]
  •  
    Google Fiber store entrance, Austin
  •  
    Google Fiber store, Austin
  •  
    Google Fiber store, Austin
  •  
    TV box and Network box at Google Fiber store, Austin

Utah edit

  • Provo, Utah – On April 17, 2013, it was announced that Provo would become the third Google Fiber City.[70] Expansion of Google Fiber service to Provo, Utah will be accomplished through an agreement[71] with the City of Provo to allow Google to acquire the existing fiber network known as "iProvo". The agreement will allow Google to purchase the iProvo network for $1, while requiring Google to upgrade the aging network to gigabit capacity, offer free gigabit service to 25 local public institutions, and offer 5 Mbit/s service to every home in the city for free after a $300 activation fee.[72][73]
  • Salt Lake City - On March 24, 2015, Google announced that Google Fiber would expand into Salt Lake City, Utah. Service became available for signup on August 24, 2016.[74]
  • Millcreek: On July 14, 2020, Google announced that Google Fiber would expand into Millcreek, Utah with the goal of serving their first Millcreek customers in early 2021.[75] On December 28, 2021, Google posted a blog article reflecting back on the year of 2021. In this article, they mentioned that the following cities had begun offering service sometime in 2021: Millcreek, South Salt Lake, Holladay, and Taylorsville.[76]
  • South Salt Lake: On February 25, 2021, Google announced that Google Fiber would expand into South Salt Lake, Utah.[77] By July 26, 2021, Google had announced that construction was underway and expected to be completed by early 2022.[78] On December 28, 2021, Google posted a blog article reflecting back on the year of 2021. In this article, they mentioned that the following cities had begun offering service sometime in 2021: Millcreek, South Salt Lake, Holladay, and Taylorsville.[76]
  • Holladay: On March 11, 2021, Google announced that Google Fiber construction had begun in Holladay, Utah. Plans to allow Google Fiber expansion to the city were originally approved in November 2020. Construction is expected to conclude in early 2022.[79] On December 28, 2021, Google posted a blog article reflecting back on the year of 2021. In this article, they mentioned that the following cities had begun offering service sometime in 2021: Millcreek, South Salt Lake, Holladay, and Taylorsville.[76]
  • Taylorsville: On April 22, 2021, Google announced that Google Fiber would expand into Taylorsville, Utah.[80] By July 26, 2021, Google had announced that construction was underway and expected to be completed by early 2022.[78] On December 28, 2021, Google posted a blog article reflecting back on the year of 2021. In this article, they mentioned that the following cities had begun offering service sometime in 2021: Millcreek, South Salt Lake, Holladay, and Taylorsville.[76]
  • Sandy - On May 5, 2021, Google announced that Google Fiber would expand into Sandy, Utah. The initial timeline was to complete an "initial footprint" within two years.[81] On March 22, 2022, Google announced that it had begun offering service in Sandy and North Salt Lake.[82]
  • North Salt Lake - On July 26, 2021, Google announced that Google Fiber would expand into North Salt Lake, Utah. Construction efforts were expected to begin soon after with a completion date sometime in early 2022.[83] On March 22, 2022, Google announced that it had begun offering service in Sandy and North Salt Lake.[82]

Charlotte, North Carolina edit

On July 12, 2016, sign-ups opened in Highland Creek.[84]
On October 4, 2016, sign-ups opened in Prosperity Village.[85]

Atlanta edit

In the original announcement of 2015, the following areas were announced:[86]

In August 2016, sign-ups were opened.[87]

Research Triangle, Raleigh–Durham, North Carolina edit

In the original announcement of 2015, the following areas of the Research Triangle of Raleigh–Durham, North Carolina, were announced:[86]

On September 13, 2016, sign-ups opened.[88]

Nashville, Tennessee edit

The areas initially announced in February 2015 were:[86]

As of December 2016, construction is underway.[89] Sign-ups are open.

As of August 2017, Google Fiber announced that the Sylvan Park neighborhood in West Nashville had Google Fiber service officially operating, making Nashville a city currently with Google Fiber service.[90]

Huntsville, Alabama edit

On February 22, 2016, Google announced that Google Fiber would expand into Huntsville, Alabama.[91] Google Fiber announced it would start offering high-speed Internet, TV and telephone service in north Huntsville on May 23, 2017.[92] On April 2, 2018, Huntsville Utilities continues to build fiber in Southeast Huntsville which have been turned over to Google fiber to service.[93]

West Des Moines, Iowa edit

Google Fiber announced it would start offering high-speed Internet, TV and telephone service in northeast West Des Moines on March 22, 2021.[94]

Announced future locations edit

Utah edit

  • Woods Cross: On July 26, 2021, Google announced that Google Fiber would expand into Woods Cross, Utah. This service will be available to Woods Cross City residents in spring of 2022.[95]
  • South Jordan: On October 8, 2021, Google announced that Google Fiber would expand into South Jordan, Utah. The goal is to have "service in some areas in early 2022".[96]
  • Springville: On October 20, 2021, Google announced that Google Fiber would expand into Springville, Utah. Construction is expected to begin in spring 2022 and last through 2023.[97]
  • Riverton: On December 14, 2021, Google announced that Google Fiber would expand into Riverton, Utah. Construction is expected to begin in the second half of 2022, and they expect "to start serving customers in Riverton in late 2022 or early 2023."[98]
  • Draper: On February 2, 2022, Google announced that Google Fiber would expand into Draper, Utah. Infrastructure construction will begin in spring 2022 with an estimated completion time of one year.[99]
  • West Jordan: On February 24, 2022, Google announced that Google Fiber would expand into West Jordan, Utah. Construction is slated to begin later in 2022, with the first West Jordan customers expected to come online around early 2023.[100]

California expansion edit

On January 27, 2015, Google announced that Google Fiber would expand into additional markets:[86]

San Antonio, Texas edit

On April 14, 2016, Google sent a blast email to early adopters of Google Fiber announcing that they were indeed behind the visible construction across San Antonio, Texas.[101] A few details were given about the vast extent of the construction that was being undertaken, Google was in the process of deploying about 4,000 linear miles (6,500 km) of fiber-optic cable throughout San Antonio.[102] In advance of the imminent deployment of the new fiber network the direct competitors of Google Fiber, AT&T U-Verse, Time Warner Cable, and Grande Communications, dropped prices and increased the speeds of their networks. San Antonio, the seventh-largest city in the nation, was the largest project that Google Fiber had taken on to date.

On August 5, 2015, expansion into San Antonio was announced.[103] As of December 2016, construction was underway.[104] However, in January 2017, construction was halted pending concerns about the placement of Google Fiber huts in city parks.[105][106] Mayor Ivy Taylor expressed commitment to working with Google to address community concerns and allow the project to continue.[107]

As of May 9, 2019, Google Fiber had micro-trenched 600 miles of fiber in San Antonio neighborhoods. City staff said the majority was on the far Northwest and Northeast sides, including the pilot area in the Westover Hills neighborhood. After closing service in Louisville, Kentucky, the company said it learned from its challenges and refined its micro-trenching program to go deeper. According to the company, its Louisville microtrenching was as shallow as two inches. City staff said San Antonio's trenching depth was 6–8 inches.[108]

Closed and former locations edit

Louisville, Kentucky edit

In April 2017, Google announced that Google Fiber would start construction in Louisville, Kentucky.[109] Google Fiber got the service to sections of Louisville in five months after it first announced that it would be coming to the city—faster than it had ever deployed before—by using shallow trenching.[110][111] In February 2019 Google announced it would shut down service on April 15.[112] Prior to departing, Google Fiber service was criticized for disruptive infrastructure installations and poor workmanship.[113] Google agreed to pay $3.8 million for clean up.[114]

Possible future expansion edit

2014 edit

In February 2014, Google announced it had "invited cities in nine metro areas around the U.S.—34 cities altogether—to work with us to explore what it would take to bring them Google Fiber."[115]

The remaining metropolitan areas where Fiber has not yet begun constructing are: Phoenix, Portland, San Antonio and San Jose.[115] Of these, the following have yet to be selected by Google for fiber deployments:[116]

On April 15, 2014, Google began polling business users on their need for gigabit service, saying they would be "conducting a pilot program where we'll connect a limited number of small businesses to our network".[117]

2015 edit

On September 10, 2015, Google tweeted[118] that it was exploring the possibility of adding Irvine and San Diego, California, as future expansion cities.

On October 28, 2015, Jill Szuchmacher, Google Fiber Director of Expansion, announced ongoing negotiations with local governments in Jacksonville, Florida, Tampa, Florida, and Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. Szuchmacher stated that Google is interested in the installation of Google Fiber networks in each of the cities and that construction could take up to eighteen months once the project is underway.[119] In October 2016, those plans were put on hold.[11]

On December 8, 2015, the Seattle City Council's Director of Communications replied to a tweet indicating that the city was in the process of applying for Google Fiber service.[120] On December 8, 2015, Jill Szuchmacher said the company will work with Chicago city leaders to collect information and study factors that could affect construction of Google Fiber.[121]

2016 edit

On June 14, 2016, Jill Szuchmacher said the company will work with Dallas mayor Mike Rawlings to try to bring another hub to Texas.[122]

In October 2016, all expansion plans were put on hold and some jobs were cut.[11] Google Fiber will continue to provide service in the cities where it is already installed.

2017 edit

In 2017 Google Fiber launched in three new cities: Huntsville, Alabama; Louisville, Kentucky; and San Antonio, Texas.[111] It also began to heavily rely on shallow trenching, a new method of laying cables that cuts a small groove in the street or sidewalk, lays the fiber in that groove, and backfills it with a special epoxy, to expedite the construction process.[110] In at least one case, cables were buried too shallow and were ripped up by repaving.[123]

Acquisition of Webpass edit

On June 22, 2016, Google Fiber bought Webpass, an Internet service provider that has been in business for 13 years and specializes in high-speed Internet for business and residential customers. They have a large presence[clarification needed] in California and specifically the Bay Area as well as San Diego, Miami, Miami Beach, Coral Gables, Chicago, Denver, and Boston. The deal closed in October 2016.[124][125]

Technical specifications edit

 
Broadband Consumer Label

Google Fiber provides an Internet connection speed of up to eight gigabits per second (8,000 Mbit/s) for download and eight gigabit per second (8,000 Mbit/s) upload.[126] Google Fiber says its original 1 Gbit/s download service allows for the download of a full movie in less than two minutes.[127]

FCC Broadband Consumer Label[128] The GFiber Nutrition Label was created because the FCC will soon require all internet providers to display their product info in a standardized format. We have always believed in being transparent with our products and pricing, so we’ve launched an initial version of the label before this FCC requirement goes into effect.[129]

With the FCC requirement of nutrition labels, all internet providers will be required to be more transparent with their fees, promotional pricing and typical speeds and latency.

Prohibition of servers edit

When first launched, Google Fiber's terms of service stated that its subscribers were not allowed to create any type of server: "Your Google Fiber account is for your use and the reasonable use of your guests. Unless you have a written agreement with Google Fiber permitting you do so, you should not host any type of server using your Google Fiber connection, use your Google Fiber account to provide a large number of people with Internet access, or use your Google Fiber account to provide commercial services to third parties (including, but not limited to, selling Internet access to third parties)."[130]

The Electronic Frontier Foundation criticized the practice, noting the ambiguity of the word "server" which might include such common application protocols as BitTorrent, and Spotify, as well as the effect of and on IPv6 adoption due its lack of NAT technical limitations on network servers, but also noted similar prohibitions from other ISPs such as Comcast, Verizon, Cox, and AT&T.[131]

In October 2013, the acceptable use policy for Google Fiber was modified to allow "personal, non-commercial use of servers".[132][133]

April Fools' hoaxes edit

See also: List of Google April Fools' Day jokes

On April Fools' Day 2007, Google hosted a signup for Google TiSP offering "a fully functional, end-to-end system that provides in-home wireless access by connecting your commode-based TiSP wireless router to one of the thousands of TiSP Access Nodes via fiber-optic cable strung through your local municipal sewage lines."[134]

On April Fools' Day 2012, Google Fiber announced that their product was an edible Google Fiber bar instead of fiber-optic Internet broadband. It is stated that the Google Fiber bar delivers "what the body needs to sustain activity, energy, and productivity."[135]

On April Fools' Day 2013, Google Fiber announced the introduction of Google Fiber to the Pole. The description provided was "Google Fiber to the Pole provides ubiquitous gigabit connectivity to fiberhoods across Kansas City. This latest innovation in Google Fiber technology enables users to access Google Fiber's ultrafast gigabit speeds even when they are out and about." Clicking on the "Learn more" and "Find a pole near you" buttons displayed a message reading "April Fool's! While Fiber Poles don't exist, we are working on a bunch of cool stuff that does. Keep posted on all things Fiber by checking out our blog."[136]

The April Fools' Day 2014 prank was an announcement of Coffee To The Home, using a spout on the fiber jack where the service enters the customer's home to deliver customized coffee drinks.[137]

On April Fools' Day 2015, Google Fiber announced Dial-Up Mode for people who prefer slower Internet. It reaches speeds up to 56k and helps people get back to real life more often.[138]

For the 2016 April Fools' Day joke, Google Fiber announced it was "exploring 1 billion times faster speeds".[139]

Reactions edit

Time magazine has claimed that rather than wanting to actually operate as an Internet service provider, the company was just hoping to shame the major cable operators into improving their service so that Google searches could be done faster. Google has neither confirmed nor denied this claim.[44]

AT&T and other Internet service providers have launched their own gigabit services since Google Fiber was revealed. Some cable subscribers have also had their speeds increased without additional costs.[citation needed]

According to a Goldman Sachs report, Google could connect approximately 830,000 homes a year at the cost of $1.25 billion a year, or a total of 7.5 million homes in nine years at a cost of slightly over $10 billion.[140]

In January 2014 a bill was introduced in the Kansas Legislature (Senate Bill 304, referred to as the "Municipal Communications Network and Private Telecommunications Investment Safeguards Act") which would prevent Google Fiber from expanding further in Kansas using the model used in Kansas City.[141][142] The bill proposes: "Except with regard to unserved areas, a municipality may not, directly or indirectly:

  1. Offer to provide to one or more subscribers, video, telecommunications or broadband service; or
  2. purchase, lease, construct, maintain or operate any facility for the purpose of enabling a private business or entity to offer, provide, carry, or deliver video, telecommunications, or broadband service to one or more subscribers."

By February 2014, Senate Bill 304 (SB304) had lost momentum in the Kansas state senate, and the bill's sponsor, Kansas Cable Telecommunications Association (KCTA), indicated that it is highly unlikely that it will continue to pursue the legislation in the current legislative session.[143]

See also edit

Notes edit

References edit

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External links edit

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Google Fiber.
  • Official website
  • WebPass (Acquired)

April 27, 2024
google, fiber, confused, with, google, wireless, sometimes, stylized, gfiber, fiber, broadband, internet, service, operated, subsidiary, alphabet, servicing, growing, number, households, cities, states, across, united, states, 2016, estimated, have, about, bro. Not to be confused with Google Fi Wireless Google Fiber sometimes stylized as GFiber is a fiber broadband Internet service operated by Google Fiber Inc 2 a subsidiary of Alphabet 3 servicing a growing number of households in cities in 19 states across the United States 4 In mid 2016 Google Fiber was estimated to have about 453 000 broadband customers 5 GFiberArea served28 areas across the contiguous United StatesOwnerGoogle 2010 2015 Access Alphabet Inc 2015 present Key peopleDinesh Jain CEO of Access 1 IndustryMultiple system operatorProductsBroadband InternetVoIP telephoneURLfiber wbr google wbr comLaunchedFebruary 10 2010 14 years ago 2010 02 10 Current statusActiveASNs16591 primary 19165 Webpass The service was first introduced to the Kansas City metropolitan area 6 including twenty Kansas City area suburbs within the first three years Initially proposed as an experimental project 7 Google Fiber was announced as a viable business model in December 2012 when Google executive chairman Eric Schmidt stated It s actually not an experiment we re actually running it as a business at The New York Times DealBook Conference 8 Google Fiber announced expansion to Austin Texas and Provo Utah in April 2013 and subsequent expansions in 2014 and 2015 to Atlanta Charlotte Research Triangle Nashville Salt Lake City and San Antonio 9 GFiber resumed expansion and by early 2024 GFiber also served Huntsville Alabama Maricopa County Arizona Des Moines and West Des Moines Iowa Omaha Nebraska among others In August 2015 Google announced its intention to restructure the company moving less central services and products into a new umbrella corporation Alphabet Inc As part of this restructuring plan Google Fiber would become a subsidiary of Alphabet and would possibly become part of the Access and Energy business unit 10 In October 2016 all expansion plans were put on hold and some jobs were cut 11 Google said it would continue to provide Google Fiber service in the cities where it was already installed Since then GFiber acquired Webpass to add presence in 5 additional states In March 2022 Google Fiber announced it would bring high speed internet to the Des Moines Iowa metro area making it the first expansion in five years 12 13 GFiber has resumed very active expansion in several new statesIn August 2022 Google Fiber announced it would expand into 22 metro areas in five states Arizona Colorado Idaho Nebraska and Nevada including previously announced expansions into Mesa Arizona and Colorado Springs Colorado based on where it felt speeds were lagging 14 It also announced additional investment in North Carolina 15 CNET characterized this an example of fast fiber winning the broadband wars 16 In October 2023 Google Fiber rebranded to GFiber and announced plans to begin offering 20Gig internet and Wi Fi 7 hardware in the near future 17 Contents 1 Services 2 Distribution 3 First city selection process 4 Operating locations 4 1 Stanford University 4 2 Kansas City Kansas and Kansas City Missouri 4 3 Austin Texas 4 4 Utah 4 5 Charlotte North Carolina 4 6 Atlanta 4 7 Research Triangle Raleigh Durham North Carolina 4 8 Nashville Tennessee 4 9 Huntsville Alabama 4 10 West Des Moines Iowa 5 Announced future locations 5 1 Utah 5 2 California expansion 5 3 San Antonio Texas 6 Closed and former locations 6 1 Louisville Kentucky 7 Possible future expansion 7 1 2014 7 2 2015 7 3 2016 7 4 2017 8 Acquisition of Webpass 9 Technical specifications 10 Prohibition of servers 11 April Fools hoaxes 12 Reactions 13 See also 14 Notes 15 References 16 External linksServices edit nbsp A map of cities with Google Fiber as of late 2023 18 nbsp Google Fiber Network Box now being retired 2023 Google Fiber offers four options depending on location Fiber 1 Gig 2 Gig 5 Gig 8 Gig and an option for home phone service All speed tiers include one terabyte of storage on Google Drive service Google Fiber offers four different service plans to its customers depending on market region 19 20 Plan Fiber 1 Gig Fiber 2 Gig Fiber 5 Gig Fiber 8 Gig Internet bandwidth download 1 Gbit s 2 Gbit s 5 Gbit s 8 Gbit s Internet bandwidth upload 1 Gbit s 1 Gbit s 2 Gbit s select markets 5 Gbit s 8 Gbit s Construction fee None None None None Monthly recurring cost 70 100 125 150 Storage included 1 TB Google Drive 1TB Google Drive 1TB Google Drive 1TB Google Drive Hardware included Includes a Nest Wifi Pro or Google Wifi Wi Fi 6 router 1 Mesh Extender Wi Fi 6 router Includes up to 2 Mesh Extenders Wi Fi 6 router Includes up to 2 Mesh Extenders nbsp Representation of Google Fiber Jacks Google also offers free Google Fiber Internet connectivity in each of its markets to select public and affordable housing properties 21 Google Fiber participates in the FCC s ACP Affordable Connectivity Program with discounted rates In February 2020 Google Fiber stopped offering TV service directly to new customers Instead during the sign up process for Google Fiber customers are presented with promotions for three virtual MVPD services sister company YouTube TV as well as FuboTV and later Philo TV service was maintained for existing clients until early 2022 22 23 Distribution editIn order to avoid underground cabling complexity for the last mile Google Fiber relies on aggregators dubbed Google Fiber Huts 24 From these Google Fiber Huts the fiber cables travel along utility poles into neighborhoods and homes and stop at a Fiber Jack an optical network terminal or ONT in each home 25 The estimated cost of wiring a fiber network like Google Fiber into a major American city was 1 billion in 2016 26 27 First city selection process editThe initial location was chosen following a competitive selection process 28 Over 1 100 communities applied to be the first recipient of the service 29 30 Google originally stated that they would announce the winner or winners by the end of 2010 however in mid December Google pushed back the announcement to early 2011 due to the number of applications 31 32 33 The request form was simple and some have argued too straightforward 34 This led to various attention getting behaviors by those hoping to have their town selected 34 Some examples are given below Greenville South Carolina utilized 1 000 of their citizens and glow sticks to create The World s First and Largest People Powered Google Chain 35 From an aerial view the title Google was colorfully visible Topeka Kansas temporarily renamed itself Google A small plane bearing a banner reading Will Google Play in Peoria IL flew over the Google campus in Mountain View California 36 The mayor of Duluth Minnesota jokingly proclaimed that every first born child will be named either Google Fiber or Googlette Fiber 37 The city of Rancho Cucamonga California dubbed their city Rancho Googlemonga 38 One of the islands in Sarasota Florida was temporarily renamed Google Island 34 Municipalities and citizens also uploaded YouTube videos to support their bids Some examples A YouTube video in support of Sarasota Florida used the Bobby McFerrin song Don t Worry Be Happy 34 A video for Sarasota was uploaded through Facebook s video service 34 Comedian and United States Senator Al Franken made a YouTube video to support the bid of Duluth Minnesota 39 Ann Arbor Michigan has its own YouTube channel 40 featuring a David Letterman style Top Ten list delivered by town VIPs such as Mayor John Hieftje and University of Michigan President Mary Sue Coleman Ann Arbor also held a city wide GoogleFest 41 kicking off with a gathering of hundreds of participants dancing and chanting Ann Arbor Google Fiber ain t Nothing any finer 42 Operating locations editIn 2011 Google launched a trial in a residential community of Palo Alto California 43 On March 30 of the same year Kansas City Kansas was selected as the first city to receive Google Fiber 6 In 2013 Austin Texas and Provo Utah were announced as expansion cities for Google Fiber on April 9 and 17 respectively Texas Austin San Antonio Utah Logan upcoming as of 2023 Provo Salt Lake City Washington Seattle Nebraska Bellevue upcoming as of 2023 Omaha upcoming as of 2023 North Carolina Charlotte The Triangle South Carolina Tega Cay upcoming as of 2023 Tennessee Murfreesboro upcoming as of 2023 Nashville Illinois Chicago Idaho Pocatello upcoming as of 2023 lowa Council Bluffs upcoming as of 2023 Des Moines West Des Moines Kansas Missouri Kansas City Colorado Denver Lakewood upcoming as of 2023 Westminster upcoming as of 2023 Wheat Ridge upcoming as of 2023 Florida Miami Georgia Atlanta Alabama Huntsville Arizona Chandler upcoming as of 2023 Mesa California Oakland Orange County San Diego San Francisco Stanford University edit In summer 2011 Google launched a free trial of its forthcoming fiber service in one residential community near Stanford University in Palo Alto California 43 Kansas City Kansas and Kansas City Missouri edit nbsp A service desk for Google Fiber in Kansas City in 2012 Google found that affluent neighborhoods in Kansas City signed up for the faster service while those in poorer neighborhoods did not sign up for even the free option In response to this digital divide Google sent a team of 60 employees to the under served areas to promote the Google Fiber service Additionally Google offered micro grants to community organizations that want to start up digital literacy programs in Kansas City 44 The following are chronological announcements of service in the Kansas City metropolitan area Neighborhoods are said to be selected based on demand 45 Kansas City Kansas On March 30 2011 Kansas City Kansas was selected from over 1 100 applicants to be the first Google Fiber community 6 Kansas City Missouri On May 17 2011 46 Google announced the decision to include Kansas City Missouri thus offering service to both sides of the state line The network became available to residents in September 2012 Olathe Kansas On March 19 2013 Google announced that the project would be expanded to Olathe 47 North Kansas City Missouri On April 19 2013 Google announced that they were to begin a 20 year lease on dark fiber in the existing LiNKCity fiber network in North Kansas City 48 The original news article was incomplete and later articles clarified the lease 49 Independent of Google s network the system in North Kansas City will also be upgraded to gigabit capacity and managed by a local company based out of North Kansas City Shawnee Kansas May 2 2013 50 Raytown Missouri May 3 2013 51 Grandview Missouri May 7 2013 52 Gladstone Missouri May 13 2013 53 Raytown Missouri May 22 2013 54 Lee s Summit Missouri June 21 2013 55 Mission Kansas June 27 2013 56 Prairie Village Kansas August 5 2013 57 Leawood Kansas August 19 2013 58 cancelled July 24 2014 59 Merriam Kansas August 26 2013 60 Roeland Park Kansas September 3 2013 61 Mission Hills Kansas September 9 2013 62 Fairway Kansas September 9 2013 62 Lenexa Kansas September 17 2013 63 Google placed deployment in Overland Park Kansas on indefinite hold in October 2013 following delays by the City Council over concerns about whether an indemnification clause that Google required might force the city to repair any damage caused by the project 64 As of July 2014 Overland Park s City Council had voted on a deal that would allow for Google Fiber Soon after the city appeared on Google Fiber s website 65 Austin Texas edit On April 9 2013 it was announced that Austin Texas would become a Google Fiber City 66 On October 15 2014 it was announced that Austin signups for Google Fiber would start in December 2014 67 On December 3 2014 Google started taking registrations from residents and small businesses 68 The Google Fiber store in Austin was closed by 2023 however the buildout continued in the city 5 Gig launched in the Austin Market August 21 2023 69 nbsp Google Fiber store entrance Austin nbsp Google Fiber store Austin nbsp Google Fiber store Austin nbsp TV box and Network box at Google Fiber store Austin Utah edit Provo Utah On April 17 2013 it was announced that Provo would become the third Google Fiber City 70 Expansion of Google Fiber service to Provo Utah will be accomplished through an agreement 71 with the City of Provo to allow Google to acquire the existing fiber network known as iProvo The agreement will allow Google to purchase the iProvo network for 1 while requiring Google to upgrade the aging network to gigabit capacity offer free gigabit service to 25 local public institutions and offer 5 Mbit s service to every home in the city for free after a 300 activation fee 72 73 Salt Lake City On March 24 2015 Google announced that Google Fiber would expand into Salt Lake City Utah Service became available for signup on August 24 2016 74 Millcreek On July 14 2020 Google announced that Google Fiber would expand into Millcreek Utah with the goal of serving their first Millcreek customers in early 2021 75 On December 28 2021 Google posted a blog article reflecting back on the year of 2021 In this article they mentioned that the following cities had begun offering service sometime in 2021 Millcreek South Salt Lake Holladay and Taylorsville 76 South Salt Lake On February 25 2021 Google announced that Google Fiber would expand into South Salt Lake Utah 77 By July 26 2021 Google had announced that construction was underway and expected to be completed by early 2022 78 On December 28 2021 Google posted a blog article reflecting back on the year of 2021 In this article they mentioned that the following cities had begun offering service sometime in 2021 Millcreek South Salt Lake Holladay and Taylorsville 76 Holladay On March 11 2021 Google announced that Google Fiber construction had begun in Holladay Utah Plans to allow Google Fiber expansion to the city were originally approved in November 2020 Construction is expected to conclude in early 2022 79 On December 28 2021 Google posted a blog article reflecting back on the year of 2021 In this article they mentioned that the following cities had begun offering service sometime in 2021 Millcreek South Salt Lake Holladay and Taylorsville 76 Taylorsville On April 22 2021 Google announced that Google Fiber would expand into Taylorsville Utah 80 By July 26 2021 Google had announced that construction was underway and expected to be completed by early 2022 78 On December 28 2021 Google posted a blog article reflecting back on the year of 2021 In this article they mentioned that the following cities had begun offering service sometime in 2021 Millcreek South Salt Lake Holladay and Taylorsville 76 Sandy On May 5 2021 Google announced that Google Fiber would expand into Sandy Utah The initial timeline was to complete an initial footprint within two years 81 On March 22 2022 Google announced that it had begun offering service in Sandy and North Salt Lake 82 North Salt Lake On July 26 2021 Google announced that Google Fiber would expand into North Salt Lake Utah Construction efforts were expected to begin soon after with a completion date sometime in early 2022 83 On March 22 2022 Google announced that it had begun offering service in Sandy and North Salt Lake 82 Charlotte North Carolina edit On July 12 2016 sign ups opened in Highland Creek 84 On October 4 2016 sign ups opened in Prosperity Village 85 Atlanta edit In the original announcement of 2015 the following areas were announced 86 Avondale Estates Brookhaven Castleberry Hill College Park Decatur East Point Hapeville Sandy Springs Smyrna Vine City In August 2016 sign ups were opened 87 Research Triangle Raleigh Durham North Carolina edit In the original announcement of 2015 the following areas of the Research Triangle of Raleigh Durham North Carolina were announced 86 Cary Chapel Hill Durham Garner Morrisville Raleigh On September 13 2016 sign ups opened 88 Nashville Tennessee edit The areas initially announced in February 2015 were 86 Oak Hill Forest Hills Berry Hill Belle Meade As of December 2016 construction is underway 89 Sign ups are open As of August 2017 Google Fiber announced that the Sylvan Park neighborhood in West Nashville had Google Fiber service officially operating making Nashville a city currently with Google Fiber service 90 Huntsville Alabama edit On February 22 2016 Google announced that Google Fiber would expand into Huntsville Alabama 91 Google Fiber announced it would start offering high speed Internet TV and telephone service in north Huntsville on May 23 2017 92 On April 2 2018 Huntsville Utilities continues to build fiber in Southeast Huntsville which have been turned over to Google fiber to service 93 West Des Moines Iowa edit Google Fiber announced it would start offering high speed Internet TV and telephone service in northeast West Des Moines on March 22 2021 94 Announced future locations editUtah edit Woods Cross On July 26 2021 Google announced that Google Fiber would expand into Woods Cross Utah This service will be available to Woods Cross City residents in spring of 2022 95 South Jordan On October 8 2021 Google announced that Google Fiber would expand into South Jordan Utah The goal is to have service in some areas in early 2022 96 Springville On October 20 2021 Google announced that Google Fiber would expand into Springville Utah Construction is expected to begin in spring 2022 and last through 2023 97 Riverton On December 14 2021 Google announced that Google Fiber would expand into Riverton Utah Construction is expected to begin in the second half of 2022 and they expect to start serving customers in Riverton in late 2022 or early 2023 98 Draper On February 2 2022 Google announced that Google Fiber would expand into Draper Utah Infrastructure construction will begin in spring 2022 with an estimated completion time of one year 99 West Jordan On February 24 2022 Google announced that Google Fiber would expand into West Jordan Utah Construction is slated to begin later in 2022 with the first West Jordan customers expected to come online around early 2023 100 California expansion edit On January 27 2015 Google announced that Google Fiber would expand into additional markets 86 Southern California Long Beach Huntington Beach Orange County San Antonio Texas edit On April 14 2016 Google sent a blast email to early adopters of Google Fiber announcing that they were indeed behind the visible construction across San Antonio Texas 101 A few details were given about the vast extent of the construction that was being undertaken Google was in the process of deploying about 4 000 linear miles 6 500 km of fiber optic cable throughout San Antonio 102 In advance of the imminent deployment of the new fiber network the direct competitors of Google Fiber AT amp T U Verse Time Warner Cable and Grande Communications dropped prices and increased the speeds of their networks San Antonio the seventh largest city in the nation was the largest project that Google Fiber had taken on to date On August 5 2015 expansion into San Antonio was announced 103 As of December 2016 construction was underway 104 However in January 2017 construction was halted pending concerns about the placement of Google Fiber huts in city parks 105 106 Mayor Ivy Taylor expressed commitment to working with Google to address community concerns and allow the project to continue 107 As of May 9 2019 Google Fiber had micro trenched 600 miles of fiber in San Antonio neighborhoods City staff said the majority was on the far Northwest and Northeast sides including the pilot area in the Westover Hills neighborhood After closing service in Louisville Kentucky the company said it learned from its challenges and refined its micro trenching program to go deeper According to the company its Louisville microtrenching was as shallow as two inches City staff said San Antonio s trenching depth was 6 8 inches 108 Closed and former locations editLouisville Kentucky edit In April 2017 Google announced that Google Fiber would start construction in Louisville Kentucky 109 Google Fiber got the service to sections of Louisville in five months after it first announced that it would be coming to the city faster than it had ever deployed before by using shallow trenching 110 111 In February 2019 Google announced it would shut down service on April 15 112 Prior to departing Google Fiber service was criticized for disruptive infrastructure installations and poor workmanship 113 Google agreed to pay 3 8 million for clean up 114 Possible future expansion edit2014 edit In February 2014 Google announced it had invited cities in nine metro areas around the U S 34 cities altogether to work with us to explore what it would take to bring them Google Fiber 115 The remaining metropolitan areas where Fiber has not yet begun constructing are Phoenix Portland San Antonio and San Jose 115 Of these the following have yet to be selected by Google for fiber deployments 116 Arizona Phoenix Scottsdale Tempe These plans were put on hold in October 2016 11 California These plans were put on hold in October 2016 11 San Jose Santa Clara Sunnyvale Mountain View Palo Alto Oregon Portland Beaverton Hillsboro Gresham Lake Oswego Tigard These plans were put on hold in October 2016 11 On April 15 2014 Google began polling business users on their need for gigabit service saying they would be conducting a pilot program where we ll connect a limited number of small businesses to our network 117 2015 edit On September 10 2015 Google tweeted 118 that it was exploring the possibility of adding Irvine and San Diego California as future expansion cities On October 28 2015 Jill Szuchmacher Google Fiber Director of Expansion announced ongoing negotiations with local governments in Jacksonville Florida Tampa Florida and Oklahoma City Oklahoma Szuchmacher stated that Google is interested in the installation of Google Fiber networks in each of the cities and that construction could take up to eighteen months once the project is underway 119 In October 2016 those plans were put on hold 11 On December 8 2015 the Seattle City Council s Director of Communications replied to a tweet indicating that the city was in the process of applying for Google Fiber service 120 On December 8 2015 Jill Szuchmacher said the company will work with Chicago city leaders to collect information and study factors that could affect construction of Google Fiber 121 2016 edit On June 14 2016 Jill Szuchmacher said the company will work with Dallas mayor Mike Rawlings to try to bring another hub to Texas 122 In October 2016 all expansion plans were put on hold and some jobs were cut 11 Google Fiber will continue to provide service in the cities where it is already installed 2017 edit In 2017 Google Fiber launched in three new cities Huntsville Alabama Louisville Kentucky and San Antonio Texas 111 It also began to heavily rely on shallow trenching a new method of laying cables that cuts a small groove in the street or sidewalk lays the fiber in that groove and backfills it with a special epoxy to expedite the construction process 110 In at least one case cables were buried too shallow and were ripped up by repaving 123 Acquisition of Webpass editOn June 22 2016 Google Fiber bought Webpass an Internet service provider that has been in business for 13 years and specializes in high speed Internet for business and residential customers They have a large presence clarification needed in California and specifically the Bay Area as well as San Diego Miami Miami Beach Coral Gables Chicago Denver and Boston The deal closed in October 2016 124 125 Technical specifications edit nbsp Broadband Consumer Label Google Fiber provides an Internet connection speed of up to eight gigabits per second 8 000 Mbit s for download and eight gigabit per second 8 000 Mbit s upload 126 Google Fiber says its original 1 Gbit s download service allows for the download of a full movie in less than two minutes 127 FCC Broadband Consumer Label 128 The GFiber Nutrition Label was created because the FCC will soon require all internet providers to display their product info in a standardized format We have always believed in being transparent with our products and pricing so we ve launched an initial version of the label before this FCC requirement goes into effect 129 With the FCC requirement of nutrition labels all internet providers will be required to be more transparent with their fees promotional pricing and typical speeds and latency Prohibition of servers editWhen first launched Google Fiber s terms of service stated that its subscribers were not allowed to create any type of server Your Google Fiber account is for your use and the reasonable use of your guests Unless you have a written agreement with Google Fiber permitting you do so you should not host any type of server using your Google Fiber connection use your Google Fiber account to provide a large number of people with Internet access or use your Google Fiber account to provide commercial services to third parties including but not limited to selling Internet access to third parties 130 The Electronic Frontier Foundation criticized the practice noting the ambiguity of the word server which might include such common application protocols as BitTorrent and Spotify as well as the effect of and on IPv6 adoption due its lack of NAT technical limitations on network servers but also noted similar prohibitions from other ISPs such as Comcast Verizon Cox and AT amp T 131 In October 2013 the acceptable use policy for Google Fiber was modified to allow personal non commercial use of servers 132 133 April Fools hoaxes editSee also List of Google April Fools Day jokes On April Fools Day 2007 Google hosted a signup for Google TiSP offering a fully functional end to end system that provides in home wireless access by connecting your commode based TiSP wireless router to one of the thousands of TiSP Access Nodes via fiber optic cable strung through your local municipal sewage lines 134 On April Fools Day 2012 Google Fiber announced that their product was an edible Google Fiber bar instead of fiber optic Internet broadband It is stated that the Google Fiber bar delivers what the body needs to sustain activity energy and productivity 135 On April Fools Day 2013 Google Fiber announced the introduction of Google Fiber to the Pole The description provided was Google Fiber to the Pole provides ubiquitous gigabit connectivity to fiberhoods across Kansas City This latest innovation in Google Fiber technology enables users to access Google Fiber s ultrafast gigabit speeds even when they are out and about Clicking on the Learn more and Find a pole near you buttons displayed a message reading April Fool s While Fiber Poles don t exist we are working on a bunch of cool stuff that does Keep posted on all things Fiber by checking out our blog 136 The April Fools Day 2014 prank was an announcement of Coffee To The Home using a spout on the fiber jack where the service enters the customer s home to deliver customized coffee drinks 137 On April Fools Day 2015 Google Fiber announced Dial Up Mode for people who prefer slower Internet It reaches speeds up to 56k and helps people get back to real life more often 138 For the 2016 April Fools Day joke Google Fiber announced it was exploring 1 billion times faster speeds 139 Reactions editTime magazine has claimed that rather than wanting to actually operate as an Internet service provider the company was just hoping to shame the major cable operators into improving their service so that Google searches could be done faster Google has neither confirmed nor denied this claim 44 AT amp T and other Internet service providers have launched their own gigabit services since Google Fiber was revealed Some cable subscribers have also had their speeds increased without additional costs citation needed According to a Goldman Sachs report Google could connect approximately 830 000 homes a year at the cost of 1 25 billion a year or a total of 7 5 million homes in nine years at a cost of slightly over 10 billion 140 In January 2014 a bill was introduced in the Kansas Legislature Senate Bill 304 referred to as the Municipal Communications Network and Private Telecommunications Investment Safeguards Act which would prevent Google Fiber from expanding further in Kansas using the model used in Kansas City 141 142 The bill proposes Except with regard to unserved areas a municipality may not directly or indirectly Offer to provide to one or more subscribers video telecommunications or broadband service or purchase lease construct maintain or operate any facility for the purpose of enabling a private business or entity to offer provide carry or deliver video telecommunications or broadband service to one or more subscribers By February 2014 Senate Bill 304 SB304 had lost momentum in the Kansas state senate and the bill s sponsor Kansas Cable Telecommunications Association KCTA indicated that it is highly unlikely that it will continue to pursue the legislation in the current legislative session 143 See also editGoogle WiFi Google s municipal wireless network Project Loon Google s research project aiming to provide Internet access to rural and remote areas via high altitude balloons List of multiple system operatorsNotes editReferences edit Alphabet hires Time Warner Cable executive to lead Access and Google Fiber February 6 2018 Archived from the original on March 5 2018 Retrieved March 4 2018 Google Fiber Inc OpenCorporates June 15 2010 Retrieved August 20 2023 Wakabayashi Daisuke October 25 2016 Google Curbs Expansion of Fiber Optic Network Cutting Jobs The New York Times Archived from the original on November 12 2020 Retrieved March 25 2017 Helft Miguel March 21 2010 Hoping for Gift From Google Go Jump in the Lake The New York Times Archived from the original on June 9 2017 Retrieved March 25 2017 Baumgartner Jeff September 9 2016 Google Fiber Very Pleased with TV Sign Ups Multichannel News Archived from the original on February 25 2018 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billion times faster speeds Official Google Fiber Blog Archived from the original on January 21 2021 Retrieved March 25 2017 Google Fiber Could Reach 8 Million Homes By 2022 Archived November 12 2020 at the Wayback Machine Elise Ackerman Forbes June 14 2013 Retrieved September 2013 Senate Bill No 304 An Act enacting the municipal communications network and private telecommunications investment safeguards act PDF Kslegislature org accessdate 2015 06 04 Archived PDF from the original on January 21 2021 Retrieved January 31 2014 Kansas To Nix Expansion of Google Fiber and Municipal Broadband Slashdot Tech slashdot org January 31 2014 Archived from the original on March 16 2018 Retrieved February 20 2014 Brodkin Jon February 20 2014 It s dead Kansas municipal Internet ban was stabbed shot and hanged Ars Technica Conde Nast Archived from the original on January 27 2021 Retrieved March 25 2017 External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Google Fiber Official website WebPass Acquired Google Fiber s channel on YouTube Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Google Fiber amp oldid 1220741454, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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