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Colorado Springs, Colorado

March 16, 2023

Colorado Springs is a home rule municipality in, and the county seat of, El Paso County, Colorado, United States.[1] It is the largest city in El Paso County, with a population of 478,961 at the 2020 United States Census, a 15.02% increase since 2010.[7][9] Colorado Springs is the second-most populous city and the most extensive city in the state of Colorado, and the 40th-most populous city in the United States.[10] It is the principal city of the Colorado Springs metropolitan area and the second-most prominent city of the Front Range Urban Corridor. It is located in east-central Colorado, on Fountain Creek, 70 miles (113 km) south of Denver.

Colorado Springs, Colorado
Home rule municipality[1]
Colorado Springs with the Front Range in the background
Flag
Nicknames: 
Olympic City USA,[3]
The Springs[4][5]
Location of the City of Colorado Springs in El Paso County, Colorado
Colorado Springs
Location of the City of Colorado Springs in the United States
Coordinates: 38°50′02″N 104°49′31″W / 38.83389°N 104.82528°W / 38.83389; -104.82528Coordinates: 38°50′02″N 104°49′31″W / 38.83389°N 104.82528°W / 38.83389; -104.82528
Country United States
State Colorado
CountyEl Paso County[2]
IncorporatedJune 19, 1886[6]
Government
 • TypeHome rule municipality[1]
 • MayorJohn Suthers (R)[a]
Area
[7]
 • Total195.761 sq mi (507.019 km2)
 • Land195.399 sq mi (506.082 km2)
 • Water0.362 sq mi (0.937 km2)
Population
 (2020)[7]
 • Total478,961
 • Rank2nd in Colorado
40th in the United States
 • Density2,400/sq mi (900/km2)
 • Urban
632,494 (US: 66th)
 • Urban density3,156.7/sq mi (1,218.8/km2)
 • Metro
755,105 (US: 79th)
 • Front Range
5,055,344
Time zoneUTC−07:00 (MST)
 • Summer (DST)UTC–06:00 (MDT)
ZIP codes[8]
80901–80951, 80960, 80962, 80970, 80977, 80995, 80997
Area code719
FIPS code08-16000
GNIS feature ID0204797
Websitecoloradosprings.gov

At 6,035 feet (1,839 m) the city stands over 1 mile (1.6 km) above sea level. Colorado Springs is near the base of Pikes Peak, which rises 14,115 feet (4,302.31 m) above sea level on the eastern edge of the Southern Rocky Mountains. The city is the largest city north of Mexico above 6000 feet in elevation.

History

Main article: History of Colorado Springs, Colorado
For a chronological guide, see Timeline of Colorado Springs, Colorado.

The Ute, Arapaho and Cheyenne peoples were the first recorded inhabiting the area which would become Colorado Springs.[11] Part of the territory included in the United States' 1803 Louisiana Purchase, the current city area was designated part of the 1854 Kansas Territory. In 1859, after the first local settlement was established, it became part of the Jefferson Territory on October 24 and of El Paso County on November 28. Colorado City at the Front Range confluence of Fountain and Camp creeks was "formally organized on August 13, 1859"[12] during the Pikes Peak Gold Rush. It served as the capital of the Colorado Territory from November 5, 1861, until August 14, 1862, when the capital was moved to Golden, before it was finally moved to Denver in 1867.[13] So many immigrants from England had settled in Colorado Springs by the early 1870s that Colorado Springs was locally referred to as "Little London."[14] In 1871 the Colorado Springs Company laid out the towns of La Font (later called Manitou Springs) and Fountain Colony, upstream and downstream respectively, of Colorado City.[15] Within a year, Fountain Colony was renamed Colorado Springs and officially incorporated.[16] The El Paso County seat shifted from Colorado City in 1873 to the Town of Colorado Springs.[17] On December 1, 1880, Colorado Springs expanded northward with two annexations.[18][19]

The second period of annexations was during 1889–90, and included Seavey's Addition, West Colorado Springs, East End, and another North End addition.[18] In 1891 the Broadmoor Land Company built the Broadmoor suburb, which included the Broadmoor Casino, and by December 12, 1895, the city had "four Mining Exchanges and 275 mining brokers."[20] By 1898, the city was designated into quadrants by the north-south Cascade Avenue and the east-west Washington/Pikes Peak avenues.[19]: 10 

From 1899 to 1901 Tesla Experimental Station operated on Knob Hill,[21] and aircraft flights to the Broadmoor's neighboring fields began in 1919.[22] Alexander Airport north of the city opened in 1925, and in 1927 the original Colorado Springs Municipal Airport land was purchased east of the city.[22]

The city's military presence began during World War II, beginning with Camp Carson (now the 135,000-acre Fort Carson base) that was established in 1941.[23] During the war, the United States Army Air Forces leased land adjacent to the municipal airfield, naming it Peterson Field in December 1942.[24][25]

In November 1950, Ent Air Force Base was selected as the Cold War headquarters for Air Defense Command (ADC). The former WWII Army Air Base, Peterson Field, which had been inactivated at the end of the war, was re-opened in 1951 as a U.S. Air Force base.[26]  North American Aerospace Defense Command (NORAD) was established as a hardened command and control center within the Cheyenne Mountain Complex during the Cold War.[27]

Between 1965 and 1968, the University of Colorado Colorado Springs, Pikes Peak State College and Colorado Technical University were established in or near the city.[28][29] In 1977 most of the former Ent AFB became a US Olympic training center. The Libertarian Party was founded within the city in the 1970s.[30]

On October 1, 1981, the Broadmoor Addition,[18] Cheyenne Canon, Ivywild, Skyway, and Stratton Meadows were annexed after the Colorado Supreme Court "overturned a district court decision that voided the annexation". Further annexations expanding the city include the Nielson Addition and Vineyard Commerce Park Annexation in September 2008.[18]

Geography

 
View of Colorado Springs and Pikes Peak from the eastern plains

The city lies in a semi-arid Steppe climate region[31] with the Southern Rocky Mountains to the west, the Palmer Divide to the north, high plains further east, and high desert lands to the south when leaving Fountain and approaching Pueblo.[32] Colorado Springs is 69 miles (111 km) or one hour and five minutes south of Denver by car using I-25.[33]

Colorado Springs has the greatest total area of any municipality in Colorado. At the 2020 United States Census, the city had a total area of 125,287 acres (507.019 km2) including 232 acres (0.937 km2) of water.[7]

Metropolitan area

Colorado Springs has many features of a modern urban area such as parks, bike trails, and open spaces. However, it is not exempt from problems that typically plague cities experiencing tremendous growth such as overcrowded roads and highways, crime, sprawl, and government budgetary issues. Many of the problems are indirectly or directly caused by the city's difficulty in coping with the large population growth experienced since 1997, and the annexation of the Banning Lewis Ranch area to accommodate further population growth of 175,000 future residents.[34]

Climate

 
Nikola Tesla sitting in the Colorado Springs Experimental Station with his "magnifying transmitter" generating millions of volts

Colorado Springs has a cooler, dry-winter semi-arid climate (Köppen BSk), and its location just east of the Rocky Mountains affords it the rapid warming influence from chinook winds during winter but also subjects it to drastic day-to-day variability in weather conditions.[35] The city has abundant sunshine year-round, averaging 243 sunny days per year,[36][37] and receives approximately 16.5 inches (419 mm) of annual precipitation. Due to unusually low precipitation for several years after flooding in 1999, Colorado Springs enacted lawn water restrictions in 2002. These were lifted in 2005[32] but permanently reinstated in December 2019.[38]

Colorado Springs is one of the most active lightning strike areas in the United States.[31] This natural phenomenon led Nikola Tesla to select Colorado Springs as the preferred location to build his lab and study electricity.[39]

Seasonal climate

 
View of the city through the clouds on July 1, 2022, taken from the International Space Station with north oriented towards the left

December is typically the coldest month, averaging 30.8 °F (−0.7 °C). Historically, January had been the coldest month, but, in recent years, December has had both lower daily maxima and minima.[40] Typically, there are 5.2 nights with sub-0 °F (−18 °C) lows and 23.6 days where the high does not rise above freezing.[41]

Snowfall is usually moderate and remains on the ground briefly because of direct sun, with the city receiving 38 inches (97 cm) per season, although the mountains to the west often receive in excess of triple that amount; March is the snowiest month in the region, both by total accumulation and number of days with measurable snowfall. In addition, 8 of the top 10 heaviest 24-hour snowfalls have occurred from March to May.[41] Summers are warm, with July, the warmest month, averaging 70.9 °F (21.6 °C), and 18 days of 90 °F (32 °C)+ highs annually. Due to the high elevation and aridity, nights are usually relatively cool and rarely does the low remain above 70 °F (21 °C).[41] Dry weather generally prevails, but brief afternoon thunderstorms are common, especially in July and August when the city receives the majority of its annual rainfall, due to the North American monsoon.[42]

The first autumn freeze and the last freeze in the spring, on average, occur on October 2 and May 6, respectively; the average window for measurable snowfall (≥0.1 in or 0.25 cm) is October 21 through April 25. Extreme temperatures range from 101 °F (38 °C) on June 26, 2012 and most recently on June 21, 2016, down to −27 °F (−33 °C) on February 1, 1951, and December 9, 1919.[43]

Climate data

Climate data for Colorado Springs, Colorado (Colorado Springs Municipal Airport), 1991–2020 normals,[b] extremes 1894–present
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °F (°C) 73
(23) 		77
(25) 		81
(27) 		87
(31) 		94
(34) 		101
(38) 		100
(38) 		99
(37) 		98
(37) 		87
(31) 		78
(26) 		77
(25) 		101
(38)
Mean maximum °F (°C) 64.5
(18.1) 		66.2
(19.0) 		72.8
(22.7) 		79.0
(26.1) 		85.8
(29.9) 		93.8
(34.3) 		95.2
(35.1) 		92.7
(33.7) 		88.9
(31.6) 		81.8
(27.7) 		71.6
(22.0) 		64.1
(17.8) 		96.7
(35.9)
Average high °F (°C) 45.0
(7.2) 		46.5
(8.1) 		54.9
(12.7) 		61.0
(16.1) 		70.7
(21.5) 		81.6
(27.6) 		86.5
(30.3) 		83.6
(28.7) 		77.1
(25.1) 		64.7
(18.2) 		52.9
(11.6) 		44.6
(7.0) 		64.1
(17.8)
Daily mean °F (°C) 31.8
(−0.1) 		33.4
(0.8) 		41.1
(5.1) 		47.5
(8.6) 		57.5
(14.2) 		67.2
(19.6) 		72.4
(22.4) 		70.1
(21.2) 		63.0
(17.2) 		50.7
(10.4) 		39.5
(4.2) 		31.7
(−0.2) 		50.5
(10.3)
Average low °F (°C) 18.5
(−7.5) 		20.2
(−6.6) 		27.3
(−2.6) 		34.0
(1.1) 		43.5
(6.4) 		52.8
(11.6) 		58.2
(14.6) 		56.6
(13.7) 		48.9
(9.4) 		36.6
(2.6) 		26.0
(−3.3) 		18.7
(−7.4) 		36.8
(2.7)
Mean minimum °F (°C) −1.4
(−18.6) 		1.4
(−17.0) 		9.6
(−12.4) 		19.3
(−7.1) 		30.1
(−1.1) 		42.5
(5.8) 		50.9
(10.5) 		48.5
(9.2) 		35.6
(2.0) 		19.6
(−6.9) 		7.4
(−13.7) 		−1.6
(−18.7) 		−7.1
(−21.7)
Record low °F (°C) −26
(−32) 		−27
(−33) 		−16
(−27) 		−3
(−19) 		15
(−9) 		27
(−3) 		37
(3) 		34
(1) 		20
(−7) 		−6
(−21) 		−12
(−24) 		−27
(−33) 		−27
(−33)
Average precipitation inches (mm) 0.29
(7.4) 		0.32
(8.1) 		0.79
(20) 		1.45
(37) 		1.99
(51) 		2.27
(58) 		3.12
(79) 		2.96
(75) 		1.35
(34) 		0.77
(20) 		0.37
(9.4) 		0.23
(5.8) 		15.91
(404)
Average snowfall inches (cm) 4.9
(12) 		4.6
(12) 		5.7
(14) 		5.5
(14) 		0.6
(1.5) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.2
(0.51) 		2.5
(6.4) 		4.4
(11) 		4.1
(10) 		32.5
(83)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) 3.6 4.6 6.7 8.2 10.3 9.8 12.1 12.4 6.6 4.8 4.5 3.7 87.3
Average snowy days (≥ 0.1 in) 3.9 4.4 4.9 3.6 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 1.7 3.7 4.0 27.1
Mean monthly sunshine hours 217 224 279 300 310 330 341 310 270 248 210 217 3,256
Source 1: NOAA[41][44][45]
Source 2: Weather-US[46][47][48]

Cityscape

 
Panoramic View of Downtown Colorado Springs

Demographics

Historical population
CensusPop.Note%±
18804,226—
189011,140163.6%
190021,08589.3%
191029,07837.9%
192030,1053.5%
193033,23710.4%
194036,78910.7%
195045,47223.6%
196070,19454.4%
1970135,51793.1%
1980215,10558.7%
1990281,14030.7%
2000360,89028.4%
2010416,42715.4%
2020478,96115.0%
2021 (est.)483,9561.0%
U.S. Decennial Census
 
Map of racial distribution in Colorado Springs, 2010 U.S. Census. Each dot is 25 people: ⬤ White ⬤ Black ⬤ Asian ⬤ Hispanic ⬤ Other

As of the 2020 United States Census, the population of the City of Colorado Springs was 478,961 (40th most populous U.S. city), the population of the Colorado Springs Metropolitan Statistical Area was 755,105 (79th most populous MSA), and the population of the Front Range Urban Corridor was 5,055,344.[7]

As of the April 2010 census,[49] 78.8% of the population of the city was White (non-Hispanic Whites were 70.7% of the population,[50] compared with 86.6% in 1970[51]), 16.1% Hispanic or Latino of any race (compared with 7.4% in 1970), 6.3% Black or African American, 3.0% Asian, 1.0% descended from indigenous peoples of the Americas, 0.3% descended from indigenous Hawaiians and other Pacific islanders, 5.5% of some other race, and 5.1% of two or more races. Mexican Americans made up 14.6% of the city's population, compared with 9.1% in 1990. The median age in the city was 35 years.[52][c]

Economy

Colorado Springs's economy is driven primarily by the military, the high-tech industry, and tourism, in that order. The city is experiencing growth in the service sectors. In June 2019, before the COVID-19 pandemic, the unemployment rate was 3.3%.[54] The state's unemployment rate in June 2022 was 3.4%[55] compared to 3.6% for the nation.[56]

Military

As of 2021, there are nearly 45,000 active-duty troops in Colorado Springs. There are more than 100,000 veterans and thousands of reservists.[23] The military and defense contractors supply more than 40% of the Pikes Peak region's economy.[23]

Colorado Springs is home to the Peterson Space Force Base, Schriever Space Force Base, Cheyenne Mountain Space Force Station, U.S. Space Command, and Space Operations Command— the largest contingent of space service military installations. They are responsible for intelligence gathering, space operations, and cyber missions.[57]

Peterson Space Force Base is responsible for the North American Aerospace Defense Command (NORAD) and the United States Northern Command (USNORTHCOM) headquarters,[27] Space Operations Command, and Space Deltas 2, 3, and 7.[57] Located at Peterson is the 302nd Airlift Wing, an Air Force Reserve unit, that transports passengers and cargo and fights wildfires.[57]

Schriever Space Force Base is responsible for Joint Task Force-Space Defense and Space Deltas 6, 8, and 9.[57] The NORAD and USNORTHCOM Alternate Command Center is located at the Cheyenne Mountain Complex.[27] Within the mountain complex, the Cheyenne Mountain Space Force Station has been operated by Space Operations Command.[27] On January 13, 2021, the Air Force announced a new permanent home for Space Command, moving it from Colorado Springs to Huntsville, Alabama in 2026, but the decision could be reversed by Congress.[23][58][d]

 
President Richard Nixon gives a commencement ceremony speech at the Air Force Academy in Colorado Springs, June 4, 1969.

Army divisions are trained and stationed at Fort Carson. The United States Air Force Academy was established after World War II, on land donated by the City of Colorado Springs.[23]

Further information: History of Colorado Springs, Colorado § Military installations

Defense industry

The defense industry forms a significant part of the Colorado Springs economy, with some of the city's largest employers being defense contractors.[62] Some defense corporations have left or downsized city campuses, but slight growth has been recorded. Significant defense corporations in the city include Northrop Grumman, Boeing, General Dynamics, L3Harris Technologies, SAIC, ITT, Lockheed Martin, and Bluestaq.[63][64][65][66] The Space Foundation is based in Colorado Springs.[67]

High-tech industry

A large percentage of Colorado Springs's economy is still based on manufacturing high-tech and complex electronic equipment. The high-tech sector in the Colorado Springs area has decreased its overall presence from 2000 to 2006 (from around 21,000 to around 8,000), with notable reductions in information technology and complex electronic equipment.[68] Current trends project the high-tech employment ratio will continue to decrease.[69][70][71][72][needs update]

High-tech corporations with connections to the city include: Verizon Business, a telecommunications firm, at its height had nearly 1300 employees in 2008.[73] Hewlett-Packard still has some sales, support, and SAN storage engineering center for the computer industry.[74][75][76] Storage Networking Industry Association is the home of the SNIA Technology Center.[77] Keysight Technologies, spun off in 2014 from Agilent,[78] which was itself spun off from HP in 1999 as an independent, publicly traded company,[79] has its oscilloscope research and development division based in Colorado Springs. Intel had 250 employees in 2009.[80] The Intel facility is now used for the centralized unemployment offices, social services, El Paso county offices, and a bitcoin mining facility.[81] Microchip Technology (formerly Atmel), is a chip fabrication organization.[82] The Apple Inc. facility was sold to Sanmina-SCI in 1996.[83]

Culture and contemporary life

Tourism

 
Pikes Peak, the easternmost "fourteener" in the United States

Almost immediately following the arrival of railroads beginning in 1871, the city's location at the base of Pikes Peak and the Rocky Mountains made it a popular tourism destination. Tourism is the third largest employer in the Pikes Peak region, accounting for more than 16,000 jobs.[84] In 2018, 23 million day and overnight visitors came to the area, contributing $2.4 billion in revenue.[85]

Colorado Springs has more than 55 attractions and activities in the area,[86] including Garden of the Gods park, United States Air Force Academy, the ANA Money Museum, Cheyenne Mountain Zoo, Colorado Springs Fine Arts Center at Colorado College, Old Colorado City, The National Museum of World War II Aviation, and the U.S. Olympic & Paralympic Training Center.[87] In 2020, the U.S. Olympic & Paralympic Museum opened;[88] the Flying W Ranch Chuckwagon Dinner & Western Show reopened in 2020.[89] A new Pikes Peak Summit Complex opened at the 14,115-foot summit in 2021.[90] The Manitou and Pikes Peak Railway also reopened in 2021.[91]

The downtown Colorado Springs Visitor Information Center offers free area information to leisure and business travelers.[86] The Cultural Office of the Pikes Peak Region (COPPeR), also downtown, supports and advocates for the arts throughout the Pikes Peak Region. It operates the PeakRadar website to communicate city events.[92]

Annual cultural events

 
The Saturday morning launch, overlooking Prospect Lake, in downtown Colorado Springs

Colorado Springs is home to the annual Colorado Springs Labor Day Lift Off, a hot air balloon festival that takes place over Labor Day weekend at the city's Memorial Park.[93]

Other annual events include: a comic book convention and science fiction convention called GalaxyFest in February,[94] a pride parade called PrideFest in July,[95] the Greek Festival, the Pikes Peak Ascent and Marathon, and the Steers & Beers Whiskey and Beer Festival in August,[96][97][98] and the Emma Crawford Coffin Races and Festival in nearby Manitou Springs and Arts Month in October.[99][100]

The Colorado Springs Festival of Lights Parade is held the first Saturday in December.[101] The parade is held on Tejon Street in Downtown Colorado Springs.[102]

Breweries

In 2017, Colorado had the third-most craft breweries at 348.[103] Breweries and microbreweries have become popular in Colorado Springs, which hosts over 30 of them.[104][105]

Religious institutions

Although houses of worship of almost every major world religion are within the city, Colorado Springs has in particular attracted a large influx of Evangelical Christians and Christian organizations in recent years. At one time Colorado Springs was the national headquarters for 81 different religious organizations, earning the city the tongue-in-cheek nicknames "the Evangelical Vatican"[106] and "The Christian Mecca."

Religious groups with regional or international headquarters in Colorado Springs include:

Marijuana

Main article: Colorado Amendment 64 § Local option

Although Colorado voters approved Colorado Amendment 64, a constitutional amendment in 2012 legalizing retail sales of marijuana for recreational purposes, the Colorado Springs city council voted not to permit retail shops in the city, as was allowed in the amendment.[126] Medical marijuana outlets continue to operate in Colorado Springs.[127] In 2015, there were 91 medical marijuana clinics in the city, which reported sales of $59.6 million in 2014, up 11 percent from the previous year but without recreational marijuana shops.[128] On April 26, 2016, Colorado Springs city council decided to extend the current six-month moratorium to eighteen months with no new licenses to be granted until May 2017. A scholarly paper suggested the city will give up $25.4 million in tax revenue and fees if the city continues to thwart the industry from opening within the city limits.[129][130] As of March 1, 2018, there were 131 medical marijuana centers and no recreational cannabis stores.[131] As of 2019 Colorado Springs is still one of seven towns that have only allowed for medical marijuana.[132]

In popular culture

Colorado Springs has been the subject of or setting for many books, films and television shows, and is a frequent backdrop for political thrillers and military-themed stories because of its many military installations and vital importance to the United States' continental defense. Notable television series using the city as a setting include Dr. Quinn, Medicine Woman, Homicide Hunter and the Stargate series Stargate SG-1, as well as the films WarGames, The Prestige, and BlacKkKlansman.[133]

In a North Korean propaganda video released in April 2013, Colorado Springs was inexplicably singled out as one of four targets for a missile strike. The video failed to pinpoint Colorado Springs on the map, instead showing a spot somewhere in Louisiana.[134]

Sports

Olympic sports

 
United States Olympic Committee headquarters and training facility

Colorado Springs, dubbed Olympic City USA, is home to the United States Olympic & Paralympic Training Center and the headquarters of the United States Olympic & Paralympic Committee and the United States Anti-Doping Agency.[135]

Further, over 50 national sports organizations (non-Olympic) headquarter in Colorado Springs. These include the National Strength and Conditioning Association, Sports Incubator, a various non-Olympic Sports (such as USA Ultimate), and more.[136]

Colorado Springs and Denver hosted the 1962 World Ice Hockey Championships.[e]

The city has a long association with the sport of figure skating, having hosted the U.S. Figure Skating Championships six times and the World Figure Skating Championships five times. It is home to the World Figure Skating Museum and Hall of Fame and the Broadmoor Skating Club, a notable training center for the sport. In recent years, the Broadmoor World Arena has hosted skating events such as Skate America and the Four Continents Figure Skating Championships.[137]

Baseball

The Colorado Springs Snow Sox professional baseball team is based in Colorado Springs. The team is a member of the Pecos League, an independent baseball league which is not affiliated with Major or Minor League Baseball.[138][139]

Pikes Peak International Hill Climb

See also: Pikes Peak International Hill Climb

The Pikes Peak International Hill Climb (PPIHC), also known as The Race to the Clouds, is an annual invitational automobile and motorcycle hill climb to the summit of Pikes Peak, every year on the last Sunday of June.[140] The highway wasn't completely paved until 2011.[141]

Local professional teams

Local collegiate teams

The local colleges feature many sports teams. Notable among them are several nationally competitive NCAA Division I teams: United States Air Force Academy (Falcons) Football, Basketball and Hockey[144] and Colorado College (Tigers) Hockey, and Women's Soccer.[145]

Rodeo

Colorado Springs was the original headquarters of the Professional Bull Riders (PBR) from its founding in 1992 until 2005, when the organization was moved to Pueblo.[146]

Parks, trails and open space

Main articles: Parks in Colorado Springs, Colorado and List of parks in Colorado Springs, Colorado

The city's Parks, Recreation and Cultural Services manage 136 neighborhood parks, eight community parks, seven regional parks, and five sports complexes, totaling 9,000 acres (3,600 ha). They also manage 500 acres (200 ha) of trails, of which 160 miles (260 km) are park trails and 105 miles (169 km) are urban. There are 5,000 acres (2,000 ha) of open space in 48 open-space areas.[147]

Parks

 
Ackerman Overlook, near United States Air Force Academy off Interstate 25 in Colorado Springs, is named for Jasper D. Ackerman (1896–1988), a banker and rancher.[148]
 
Pulpit Rock, in Pikeview (North Colorado Springs)

Garden of the Gods is on Colorado Springs's western edge. It is a National Natural Landmark, with 300 foot (91 m) red/orange sandstone rock formations often viewed against a backdrop of the snow-capped Pikes Peak. This park is free to the public and offers many recreational opportunities, such as hiking, rock climbing, cycling, horseback riding and tours.[149] It offers a variety of annual events, one of the most popular of which is the Starlight Spectacular, a recreational bike ride held every summer to benefit the Trails and Open Space Coalition of Colorado Springs.[150]

Colorado Springs has several major city parks, such as Palmer Park, America the Beautiful Park in downtown Colorado Springs, Memorial Park, which includes many sports fields, an indoor swimming pool and skating rink, a skateboard bowl and two half-pipes, and Monument Valley Park, which has walking and biking paths, an outdoor swimming pool and pickleball courts.[151] Monument Valley Park also has Tahama Spring, the original spring in Colorado Springs.[152][153] Austin Bluffs Park affords a place of recreation in eastern Colorado Springs. El Paso County Regional Parks include Bear Creek Regional Park, Bear Creek Dog Park, Fox Run Regional Park and Fountain Creek Regional Park and Nature Center.[154] Ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa),[155][156] Gambel oak (Quercus gambelii),[157][158] narrowleaf yucca (Yucca angustissima, syn. Yucca glauca)[159] and prickly pear cactus (Opuntia macrorhiza).[160]

Trails

Three trails, the New Santa Fe Regional Trail, Pikes Peak Greenway and Fountain Creek Regional Trail, form a continuous path from Palmer Lake, through Colorado Springs, to Fountain, Colorado. The majority of the trail between Palmer Lake and Fountain is a soft surface breeze gravel trail. A major segment of the trail within the Colorado Springs city limits is paved. The trails, except Monument Valley Park trails, may be used for equestrian traffic. Motorized vehicles are not allowed on the trails. Many of the trails are interconnected, having main spine trails, like the Pikes Peak Greenway, that lead to secondary trails.[161][162][163]

Government

On November 2, 2010, Colorado Springs voters adopted a council-strong mayor form of government. The City of Colorado Springs transitioned to the new system of government in 2011. Under the council-strong mayor system of government, the mayor is the chief executive and the city council is the legislative branch. The mayor is a full-time elected position and not a member of the council. The council has nine members, six of whom represent one of six equally populated districts each. The remaining three members are elected at-large.[164]

Colorado Springs City Hall was built from 1902 to 1904 on land donated by W. S. Stratton.[165]

City Council

The Colorado Springs City Council consists of nine elected officials, six of whom represent districts and three of whom represent the city at-large.[166]

  • District 1 – Dave Donelson
  • District 2 – Randy Helms – Council President Pro-Tem
  • District 3 – Stephannie Fortune
  • District 4 – Yolanda Avila
  • District 5 – Nancy Henjum
  • District 6 – Mike O'Malley
  • At-Large – Bill Murray
  • At-Large – Tom Strand – Council President
  • At-Large – Wayne Williams

Politics

In 2017 Caleb Hannan wrote in Politico that Colorado Springs was "staunchly Republican", "a right-wing counterweight to liberal Boulder", and that a study ranked it "the fourth most conservative city in America".[167] In the 2016 presidential election, Donald Trump's margin of victory in El Paso County was 22 points. That year Hannan wrote that downtown Colorado Springs had a different political vibe from the overall area's and that there were "superficial signs of changing demographics".[167] In 2020 the shift toward the political center continued as the incumbent Republican, Donald Trump, edged out Democrat Joe Biden by only 10.8% in El Paso County [168]

Education

Primary and secondary education

In addition the state of Colorado runs the Colorado School for the Deaf and Blind, a residential school for people up to age 21 and established in 1874, in the city.[179]

Higher education

 
Doolittle Hall on the campus of the United States Air Force Academy

State institutions offering bachelors and graduate degree programs in Colorado Springs include University of Colorado Colorado Springs (UCCS) with more than 12,000 students,[180] and, Pikes Peak State College which offers mostly two-year degree associate degrees.[181] The United States Air Force Academy is a federal institution offering bachelor degrees for officer candidates.[182]

Private non-profit institutions include Colorado College established in 1874 with about 2,000 undergraduates.[183] Colorado Christian University has its Colorado Springs Center in the city.[184]

Private for-profit institutions include Colorado Technical University whose main campus is in Colorado Springs and IntelliTec College a technical training school.

Transportation

Major highways and roads

Interstate highways

Colorado Springs is primarily served by one interstate highway. I-25 runs north and south through Colorado, and traverses the city for nearly 18 miles (29 km), entering the city south of Circle Drive and exiting north of North Gate Boulevard. In El Paso County it is known as Ronald Reagan Highway.[f]

State and U.S. highways

A number of state and U.S. highways serve the city. State Highway 21 is a major east side semi-expressway from Black Forest to Fountain, known locally and co-signed as Powers Boulevard. State Highway 83 runs north–south from central Denver to northern Colorado Springs. State Highway 94 runs east–west from western Cheyenne County to eastern Colorado Springs where it terminates at US 24. US 24 is a major route through the city and county, providing access to Woodland Park via Ute Pass to the west and downtown, Nob Hill and numerous suburbs to the east. It is co-signed with Platte Ave after SH 21 and originally carried local traffic through town. The Martin Luther King Jr Bypass runs from I-25 near Circle Drive along Fountain Blvd to SH 21, then east again. State Highway 115 begins in Cañon City, traveling north along the western edge of Fort Carson; when it reaches the city limits it merges with Nevada Avenue, a signed Business Route of US 85. US 85 and SH 115 are concurrent between Lake Avenue and I-25. US 85 enters the city at Fountain and was signed at Venetucci Blvd, Lake Avenue, and Nevada Avenue[g] at various points in history; however most of US 85 is concurrent with I-25 and is not signed.

County and city roads

In November 2015, voters in Colorado Springs overwhelmingly passed ballot measure 2C, dedicating funds from a temporary sales tax increase to much needed road and infrastructure improvements over five years. This temporary increase is estimated to bring in approximately $50 million annually, which will be used solely to improve roads and infrastructure. The ballot measure passed by a margin of approximately 65–35%.[189]

In 2004, the voters of Colorado Springs and El Paso County established the Pikes Peak Rural Transportation Authority.[190]

In early 2010, the city of Colorado Springs approved an expansion of the northernmost part of Powers Boulevard in order to create an Interstate 25 bypass commonly referred to as the Copper Ridge Expansion.[191][h]

Airport

Colorado Springs Airport (COS; ICAO: KCOS) has been in operation since 1925. It is the second-largest commercial airport in the state, after Denver International Airport (DEN; ICAO: KDEN). It covers 7,200 acres (2,900 ha) of land at an elevation of approximately 6,200 feet (1,900 m). COS is considered to be a joint-use civilian and military airport, as Peterson Space Force Base is a tenant of the airport.[193] It has three paved runways: 17L/35R is 13,501 by 150 feet (4,115 by 46 m), the runway 17R/35L is 11,022 by 150 feet (3,360 by 46 m) and the runway 13/31 is 8,270 by 150 feet (2,521 by 46 m).[194] The airport handled 817,000 passengers from October 2020–October 2021,[195] and is served by American, Delta, Southwest, and United.[196]

Bicycling

 
A 20-kilometer (12 mi) upright bike race during the inaugural Warrior Games at the Olympic Training Center in Colorado Springs, Colo., May 13, 2010. The Warrior Games is a Paralympics-style competition where the services compete against each other in events such as sitting volleyball, wheelchair basketball, archery, shooting and swimming.

In April 2018, the Colorado Springs City Council approved a Bike Master Plan.[197] The vision of the city's Bike Master Plan is "a healthy and vibrant Colorado Springs where bicycling is one of many transportation options for a large portion of the population, and where a well-connected and well-maintained network of urban trails, single-track, and on-street infrastructure offers a bicycling experience for present and future generations that is safe, convenient, and fun for getting around, getting in shape, or getting away." Bike lanes in Colorado Springs have not been deployed without controversy. According to The Gazette, their readers "have mixed feelings for new bike lanes."[198] In December 2016, the City removed a bike lane along Research Parkway due to overwhelming opposition; an online survey found that 80.5% of respondents opposed the bike lane.[199] The Gazette has stated that since the Bike Master Plan was adopted by City Council, "no issue has elicited more argument in The Gazette pages," and due to this immense public interest, on February 25, 2019, The Gazette hosted a town hall meeting called "Battle of the Bike Lanes."[200][201]

Walkability

A 2011 study by Walk Score ranked Colorado Springs 34th most walkable of fifty largest U.S. cities.[202]

 
A Metro bus arrives at a stop on Colorado Avenue.

Mountain Metropolitan Transit

Mountain Metropolitan Transit (MMT) is testing Battery Electric Buses (BEB), and if the buses perform well, the agency plans to acquire its first three BEBs in 2021 using funds from the Volkswagen emissions scandal and resulting lawsuit and settlement.[203] On April 22, 2022, Mountain Metro unveiled four new all-electric Proterra ZX5 buses to be added to their fleet.[204] The new buses join their current fleet of 67 clean diesel buses. They are funded by the Colorado Department of Transportation Division of Transit and Rail Settlement Transit Bus Replacement Program, Volkswagen Diesel Emission Settlement trust, and Federal transit Administration 5339(b) Buses and Bus Facilities Program grant.[205] The Proterra ZX5 buses run 220 to 330 miles on a single charge, and cost $1.2 million per bus.[206]

Mountain Metro Mobility

Mountain Metro Mobility is an Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) federally mandated complementary ADA paratransit service, which provides demand-response service for individuals with mobility needs that prevent them from using the fixed-route bus system.[207][208]

Mountain Metro Rides

Mountain Metro Rides offers alternative transportation options to residents of the Pikes Peak Region. The program is designed to reduce congestion and pollution by encouraging people to commute by carpool, vanpool, bicycling or walking.[209]

Bustang

Bustang provides intercity transportation to Colorado Springs. It is part of the South and Outrider lines, which connect to Denver and to Lamar. There is an additional line that connects Colorado Springs directly to the Denver Tech Center.[210]

Notable people

Main article: List of people from Colorado Springs, Colorado

Sister cities

See also: List of sister cities in Colorado
 
Bishkek mayor Arstanbek Nogoev presents a gift for Colorado Springs mayor Lionel Rivera to a US airman at Manas Air Base, in a ceremony aimed at reviving ties between the two sister cities.[211]

Colorado Springs' sister cities are:[212]

Colorado Springs's sister city organization began when it became partners with Fujiyoshida. The torii gate erected to commemorate the relationship stands at the corner of Bijou Street and Nevada Avenue, and is one of the city's most recognizable landmarks. The torii gate, crisscrossed bridge and shrine, in the median between Platte and Bijou Streets downtown, were a gift to Colorado Springs, erected in 1966 by the Rotary Club of Colorado Springs to celebrate the friendship between the two communities. A plaque near the torii gate states that "the purpose of the sister city relationship is to promote understanding between the people of our two countries and cities". The Fujiyoshida Student exchange program has become an annual event.[213]

In 2006 and 2010, the Bankstown TAP (Talent Advancement Program) performed with the Youth Symphony and the Colorado Springs Children's Chorale as part of the annual "In Harmony" program.[213] A notable similarity between Colorado Springs and its sister cities is their geographic positions: three of the seven cities are near the foot of a major mountain or mountain range, as is Colorado Springs.[214]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ The mayor of Colorado Springs is officially nonpartisan; party affiliation is for informational purposes only.
  2. ^ Mean monthly maxima and minima (i.e. the expected highest and lowest temperature readings at any point during the year or given month) calculated based on data at said location from 1991 to 2020.
  3. ^ As of the census[53] of 2000 (limited only to the city limits and not including the very diverse Fort Carson area which many view as being a part of the Colorado Springs metropolitan area), there were 360,890 people, 141,516 households, and 93,117 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,942.9 inhabitants per square mile (750.2/km2). There were 148,690 housing units at an average density of 800.5 per square mile (309.1/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 80.7% White, 6.6% African American, 0.9% Native American, 2.8% Asian, 0.2% Pacific Islander, 5.0% from other races, and 3.9% from two or more races. 12.0% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. There were 141,516 households, out of which 34.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 51.5% were married couples living together, 10.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 34.2% were non-families. 27.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.50 and the average family size was 3.06. In the city, the population was spread out, with 26.5% under the age of 18, 10.3% from 18 to 24, 32.8% from 25 to 44, 20.8% from 45 to 64, and 9.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.2 males. (Note: City statistics do not include the demographic influence of five local military bases). The median income for a household in the city was $45,081, and the median income for a family was $53,478. Males had a median income of $36,786 versus $26,427 for females. The per capita income for the city was $22,496. About 6.1% of families and 8.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 10.8% of those under age 18 and 7.2% of those age 65 or over.
  4. ^ Political leaders in Colorado plan to ask President Biden's administration to review the merits of the decision.[59] Huntsville also has to pass an environmental review before the decision is final.[60] Air Force documents show Alabama ranked higher than Colorado in 11 of 21 comparisons used by the government in seeking the best site for the new U.S. Space Command's permanent headquarters. In the Space Command headquarters comparison, Alabama ranks in top third in nine of the 21 categories. Colorado ranks in the top third in five categories. Alabama ranks in bottom third in three of the 21 categories and Colorado ranks in bottom third in 10 of the 21 categories.[61]
  5. ^ This nullifies a popular Canadian claim that the 2008 IIHF World Championships in Quebec City and Halifax marked the first time this event was organized on the American continent. However, the 2008 event was the first World Championship on the American continent in which NHL players were eligible to compete.
  6. ^ In order to combat congestion the Colorado Department of Transportation widened the Interstate 25 corridor throughout the city from four lanes (two in each direction) to six lanes in a program called COSMIX. Ultimately, the plan is to make the interstate eight lanes through the city when funding becomes available.[185] Work has been completed to expand Interstate 25 from 4 to 6 lanes between Woodmen Road (exit 149, the northern terminus for the COSMIX project) and Monument (exit 161).[186][187]
  7. ^ In addition, there were plans to develop a "Front Range Toll Road", a privately owned turnpike, which would begin south of Pueblo and end around Fort Collins. This toll road would allow rail and truck traffic to avoid the more highly traveled parts of I-25 along the Front Range. Initially, the project had support but has since been highly contested because of the need to condemn the land of many private citizens, through the use of eminent domain, to make room for the corridor.[188]
  8. ^ The project developers also have hopes of increasing business at the future I-25 Powers Boulevard connection by building a 2.8 million cu ft (79 thousand m3) shopping mall on the East side of the Powers exit.[191] Developers hope to have the project finished by 2013, but have a deadline of 2018.[192]

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External links

  • City of Colorado Springs website
  • CDOT map of the City of Colorado Springs
  • Visit Colorado Springs official website

March 16, 2023
colorado, springs, colorado, colorado, springs, home, rule, municipality, county, seat, paso, county, colorado, united, states, largest, city, paso, county, with, population, 2020, united, states, census, increase, since, 2010, colorado, springs, second, most,. Colorado Springs is a home rule municipality in and the county seat of El Paso County Colorado United States 1 It is the largest city in El Paso County with a population of 478 961 at the 2020 United States Census a 15 02 increase since 2010 7 9 Colorado Springs is the second most populous city and the most extensive city in the state of Colorado and the 40th most populous city in the United States 10 It is the principal city of the Colorado Springs metropolitan area and the second most prominent city of the Front Range Urban Corridor It is located in east central Colorado on Fountain Creek 70 miles 113 km south of Denver Colorado Springs ColoradoHome rule municipality 1 Colorado Springs with the Front Range in the backgroundFlagNicknames Olympic City USA 3 The Springs 4 5 Location of the City of Colorado Springs in El Paso County ColoradoColorado SpringsLocation of the City of Colorado Springs in the United StatesCoordinates 38 50 02 N 104 49 31 W 38 83389 N 104 82528 W 38 83389 104 82528 Coordinates 38 50 02 N 104 49 31 W 38 83389 N 104 82528 W 38 83389 104 82528Country United StatesState ColoradoCountyEl Paso County 2 IncorporatedJune 19 1886 6 Government TypeHome rule municipality 1 MayorJohn Suthers R a Area 7 Total195 761 sq mi 507 019 km2 Land195 399 sq mi 506 082 km2 Water0 362 sq mi 0 937 km2 Population 2020 7 Total478 961 Rank2nd in Colorado40th in the United States Density2 400 sq mi 900 km2 Urban632 494 US 66th Urban density3 156 7 sq mi 1 218 8 km2 Metro755 105 US 79th Front Range5 055 344Time zoneUTC 07 00 MST Summer DST UTC 06 00 MDT ZIP codes 8 80901 80951 80960 80962 80970 80977 80995 80997Area code719FIPS code08 16000GNIS feature ID0204797Websitecoloradosprings wbr govAt 6 035 feet 1 839 m the city stands over 1 mile 1 6 km above sea level Colorado Springs is near the base of Pikes Peak which rises 14 115 feet 4 302 31 m above sea level on the eastern edge of the Southern Rocky Mountains The city is the largest city north of Mexico above 6000 feet in elevation Contents 1 History 2 Geography 2 1 Metropolitan area 2 2 Climate 2 2 1 Seasonal climate 2 2 2 Climate data 2 3 Cityscape 3 Demographics 4 Economy 4 1 Military 4 2 Defense industry 4 3 High tech industry 5 Culture and contemporary life 5 1 Tourism 5 2 Annual cultural events 5 3 Breweries 5 4 Religious institutions 5 5 Marijuana 5 6 In popular culture 6 Sports 6 1 Olympic sports 6 2 Baseball 6 3 Pikes Peak International Hill Climb 6 4 Local professional teams 6 5 Local collegiate teams 6 6 Rodeo 7 Parks trails and open space 7 1 Parks 7 2 Trails 8 Government 8 1 City Council 8 2 Politics 9 Education 9 1 Primary and secondary education 9 2 Higher education 10 Transportation 10 1 Major highways and roads 10 1 1 Interstate highways 10 1 2 State and U S highways 10 1 3 County and city roads 10 2 Airport 10 3 Bicycling 10 4 Walkability 10 5 Mountain Metropolitan Transit 10 5 1 Mountain Metro Mobility 10 5 2 Mountain Metro Rides 10 6 Bustang 11 Notable people 12 Sister cities 13 See also 14 Notes 15 References 16 External linksHistory EditMain article History of Colorado Springs Colorado For a chronological guide see Timeline of Colorado Springs Colorado The Ute Arapaho and Cheyenne peoples were the first recorded inhabiting the area which would become Colorado Springs 11 Part of the territory included in the United States 1803 Louisiana Purchase the current city area was designated part of the 1854 Kansas Territory In 1859 after the first local settlement was established it became part of the Jefferson Territory on October 24 and of El Paso County on November 28 Colorado City at the Front Range confluence of Fountain and Camp creeks was formally organized on August 13 1859 12 during the Pikes Peak Gold Rush It served as the capital of the Colorado Territory from November 5 1861 until August 14 1862 when the capital was moved to Golden before it was finally moved to Denver in 1867 13 So many immigrants from England had settled in Colorado Springs by the early 1870s that Colorado Springs was locally referred to as Little London 14 In 1871 the Colorado Springs Company laid out the towns of La Font later called Manitou Springs and Fountain Colony upstream and downstream respectively of Colorado City 15 Within a year Fountain Colony was renamed Colorado Springs and officially incorporated 16 The El Paso County seat shifted from Colorado City in 1873 to the Town of Colorado Springs 17 On December 1 1880 Colorado Springs expanded northward with two annexations 18 19 The second period of annexations was during 1889 90 and included Seavey s Addition West Colorado Springs East End and another North End addition 18 In 1891 the Broadmoor Land Company built the Broadmoor suburb which included the Broadmoor Casino and by December 12 1895 the city had four Mining Exchanges and 275 mining brokers 20 By 1898 the city was designated into quadrants by the north south Cascade Avenue and the east west Washington Pikes Peak avenues 19 10 From 1899 to 1901 Tesla Experimental Station operated on Knob Hill 21 and aircraft flights to the Broadmoor s neighboring fields began in 1919 22 Alexander Airport north of the city opened in 1925 and in 1927 the original Colorado Springs Municipal Airport land was purchased east of the city 22 The city s military presence began during World War II beginning with Camp Carson now the 135 000 acre Fort Carson base that was established in 1941 23 During the war the United States Army Air Forces leased land adjacent to the municipal airfield naming it Peterson Field in December 1942 24 25 In November 1950 Ent Air Force Base was selected as the Cold War headquarters for Air Defense Command ADC The former WWII Army Air Base Peterson Field which had been inactivated at the end of the war was re opened in 1951 as a U S Air Force base 26 North American Aerospace Defense Command NORAD was established as a hardened command and control center within the Cheyenne Mountain Complex during the Cold War 27 Between 1965 and 1968 the University of Colorado Colorado Springs Pikes Peak State College and Colorado Technical University were established in or near the city 28 29 In 1977 most of the former Ent AFB became a US Olympic training center The Libertarian Party was founded within the city in the 1970s 30 On October 1 1981 the Broadmoor Addition 18 Cheyenne Canon Ivywild Skyway and Stratton Meadows were annexed after the Colorado Supreme Court overturned a district court decision that voided the annexation Further annexations expanding the city include the Nielson Addition and Vineyard Commerce Park Annexation in September 2008 18 Geography Edit View of Colorado Springs and Pikes Peak from the eastern plains The city lies in a semi arid Steppe climate region 31 with the Southern Rocky Mountains to the west the Palmer Divide to the north high plains further east and high desert lands to the south when leaving Fountain and approaching Pueblo 32 Colorado Springs is 69 miles 111 km or one hour and five minutes south of Denver by car using I 25 33 Colorado Springs has the greatest total area of any municipality in Colorado At the 2020 United States Census the city had a total area of 125 287 acres 507 019 km2 including 232 acres 0 937 km2 of water 7 Metropolitan area Edit Colorado Springs has many features of a modern urban area such as parks bike trails and open spaces However it is not exempt from problems that typically plague cities experiencing tremendous growth such as overcrowded roads and highways crime sprawl and government budgetary issues Many of the problems are indirectly or directly caused by the city s difficulty in coping with the large population growth experienced since 1997 and the annexation of the Banning Lewis Ranch area to accommodate further population growth of 175 000 future residents 34 Climate Edit Nikola Tesla sitting in the Colorado Springs Experimental Station with his magnifying transmitter generating millions of volts Colorado Springs has a cooler dry winter semi arid climate Koppen BSk and its location just east of the Rocky Mountains affords it the rapid warming influence from chinook winds during winter but also subjects it to drastic day to day variability in weather conditions 35 The city has abundant sunshine year round averaging 243 sunny days per year 36 37 and receives approximately 16 5 inches 419 mm of annual precipitation Due to unusually low precipitation for several years after flooding in 1999 Colorado Springs enacted lawn water restrictions in 2002 These were lifted in 2005 32 but permanently reinstated in December 2019 38 Colorado Springs is one of the most active lightning strike areas in the United States 31 This natural phenomenon led Nikola Tesla to select Colorado Springs as the preferred location to build his lab and study electricity 39 Seasonal climate Edit View of the city through the clouds on July 1 2022 taken from the International Space Station with north oriented towards the left December is typically the coldest month averaging 30 8 F 0 7 C Historically January had been the coldest month but in recent years December has had both lower daily maxima and minima 40 Typically there are 5 2 nights with sub 0 F 18 C lows and 23 6 days where the high does not rise above freezing 41 Snowfall is usually moderate and remains on the ground briefly because of direct sun with the city receiving 38 inches 97 cm per season although the mountains to the west often receive in excess of triple that amount March is the snowiest month in the region both by total accumulation and number of days with measurable snowfall In addition 8 of the top 10 heaviest 24 hour snowfalls have occurred from March to May 41 Summers are warm with July the warmest month averaging 70 9 F 21 6 C and 18 days of 90 F 32 C highs annually Due to the high elevation and aridity nights are usually relatively cool and rarely does the low remain above 70 F 21 C 41 Dry weather generally prevails but brief afternoon thunderstorms are common especially in July and August when the city receives the majority of its annual rainfall due to the North American monsoon 42 The first autumn freeze and the last freeze in the spring on average occur on October 2 and May 6 respectively the average window for measurable snowfall 0 1 in or 0 25 cm is October 21 through April 25 Extreme temperatures range from 101 F 38 C on June 26 2012 and most recently on June 21 2016 down to 27 F 33 C on February 1 1951 and December 9 1919 43 Climate data Edit Climate data for Colorado Springs Colorado Colorado Springs Municipal Airport 1991 2020 normals b extremes 1894 presentMonth Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec YearRecord high F C 73 23 77 25 81 27 87 31 94 34 101 38 100 38 99 37 98 37 87 31 78 26 77 25 101 38 Mean maximum F C 64 5 18 1 66 2 19 0 72 8 22 7 79 0 26 1 85 8 29 9 93 8 34 3 95 2 35 1 92 7 33 7 88 9 31 6 81 8 27 7 71 6 22 0 64 1 17 8 96 7 35 9 Average high F C 45 0 7 2 46 5 8 1 54 9 12 7 61 0 16 1 70 7 21 5 81 6 27 6 86 5 30 3 83 6 28 7 77 1 25 1 64 7 18 2 52 9 11 6 44 6 7 0 64 1 17 8 Daily mean F C 31 8 0 1 33 4 0 8 41 1 5 1 47 5 8 6 57 5 14 2 67 2 19 6 72 4 22 4 70 1 21 2 63 0 17 2 50 7 10 4 39 5 4 2 31 7 0 2 50 5 10 3 Average low F C 18 5 7 5 20 2 6 6 27 3 2 6 34 0 1 1 43 5 6 4 52 8 11 6 58 2 14 6 56 6 13 7 48 9 9 4 36 6 2 6 26 0 3 3 18 7 7 4 36 8 2 7 Mean minimum F C 1 4 18 6 1 4 17 0 9 6 12 4 19 3 7 1 30 1 1 1 42 5 5 8 50 9 10 5 48 5 9 2 35 6 2 0 19 6 6 9 7 4 13 7 1 6 18 7 7 1 21 7 Record low F C 26 32 27 33 16 27 3 19 15 9 27 3 37 3 34 1 20 7 6 21 12 24 27 33 27 33 Average precipitation inches mm 0 29 7 4 0 32 8 1 0 79 20 1 45 37 1 99 51 2 27 58 3 12 79 2 96 75 1 35 34 0 77 20 0 37 9 4 0 23 5 8 15 91 404 Average snowfall inches cm 4 9 12 4 6 12 5 7 14 5 5 14 0 6 1 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 51 2 5 6 4 4 4 11 4 1 10 32 5 83 Average precipitation days 0 01 in 3 6 4 6 6 7 8 2 10 3 9 8 12 1 12 4 6 6 4 8 4 5 3 7 87 3Average snowy days 0 1 in 3 9 4 4 4 9 3 6 0 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 1 7 3 7 4 0 27 1Mean monthly sunshine hours 217 224 279 300 310 330 341 310 270 248 210 217 3 256Source 1 NOAA 41 44 45 Source 2 Weather US 46 47 48 Cityscape Edit Panoramic View of Downtown Colorado SpringsDemographics EditHistorical population CensusPop Note 18804 226 189011 140163 6 190021 08589 3 191029 07837 9 192030 1053 5 193033 23710 4 194036 78910 7 195045 47223 6 196070 19454 4 1970135 51793 1 1980215 10558 7 1990281 14030 7 2000360 89028 4 2010416 42715 4 2020478 96115 0 2021 est 483 9561 0 U S Decennial Census Map of racial distribution in Colorado Springs 2010 U S Census Each dot is 25 people White Black Asian Hispanic Other As of the 2020 United States Census the population of the City of Colorado Springs was 478 961 40th most populous U S city the population of the Colorado Springs Metropolitan Statistical Area was 755 105 79th most populous MSA and the population of the Front Range Urban Corridor was 5 055 344 7 As of the April 2010 census 49 78 8 of the population of the city was White non Hispanic Whites were 70 7 of the population 50 compared with 86 6 in 1970 51 16 1 Hispanic or Latino of any race compared with 7 4 in 1970 6 3 Black or African American 3 0 Asian 1 0 descended from indigenous peoples of the Americas 0 3 descended from indigenous Hawaiians and other Pacific islanders 5 5 of some other race and 5 1 of two or more races Mexican Americans made up 14 6 of the city s population compared with 9 1 in 1990 The median age in the city was 35 years 52 c Economy EditColorado Springs s economy is driven primarily by the military the high tech industry and tourism in that order The city is experiencing growth in the service sectors In June 2019 before the COVID 19 pandemic the unemployment rate was 3 3 54 The state s unemployment rate in June 2022 was 3 4 55 compared to 3 6 for the nation 56 Military Edit United States Space Force Peterson Space Force Base Building 1 As of 2021 update there are nearly 45 000 active duty troops in Colorado Springs There are more than 100 000 veterans and thousands of reservists 23 The military and defense contractors supply more than 40 of the Pikes Peak region s economy 23 Colorado Springs is home to the Peterson Space Force Base Schriever Space Force Base Cheyenne Mountain Space Force Station U S Space Command and Space Operations Command the largest contingent of space service military installations They are responsible for intelligence gathering space operations and cyber missions 57 Peterson Space Force Base is responsible for the North American Aerospace Defense Command NORAD and the United States Northern Command USNORTHCOM headquarters 27 Space Operations Command and Space Deltas 2 3 and 7 57 Located at Peterson is the 302nd Airlift Wing an Air Force Reserve unit that transports passengers and cargo and fights wildfires 57 Schriever Space Force Base is responsible for Joint Task Force Space Defense and Space Deltas 6 8 and 9 57 The NORAD and USNORTHCOM Alternate Command Center is located at the Cheyenne Mountain Complex 27 Within the mountain complex the Cheyenne Mountain Space Force Station has been operated by Space Operations Command 27 On January 13 2021 the Air Force announced a new permanent home for Space Command moving it from Colorado Springs to Huntsville Alabama in 2026 but the decision could be reversed by Congress 23 58 d President Richard Nixon gives a commencement ceremony speech at the Air Force Academy in Colorado Springs June 4 1969 Army divisions are trained and stationed at Fort Carson The United States Air Force Academy was established after World War II on land donated by the City of Colorado Springs 23 Further information History of Colorado Springs Colorado Military installations Defense industry Edit The defense industry forms a significant part of the Colorado Springs economy with some of the city s largest employers being defense contractors 62 Some defense corporations have left or downsized city campuses but slight growth has been recorded Significant defense corporations in the city include Northrop Grumman Boeing General Dynamics L3Harris Technologies SAIC ITT Lockheed Martin and Bluestaq 63 64 65 66 The Space Foundation is based in Colorado Springs 67 High tech industry Edit A large percentage of Colorado Springs s economy is still based on manufacturing high tech and complex electronic equipment The high tech sector in the Colorado Springs area has decreased its overall presence from 2000 to 2006 from around 21 000 to around 8 000 with notable reductions in information technology and complex electronic equipment 68 Current trends project the high tech employment ratio will continue to decrease 69 70 71 72 needs update High tech corporations with connections to the city include Verizon Business a telecommunications firm at its height had nearly 1300 employees in 2008 73 Hewlett Packard still has some sales support and SAN storage engineering center for the computer industry 74 75 76 Storage Networking Industry Association is the home of the SNIA Technology Center 77 Keysight Technologies spun off in 2014 from Agilent 78 which was itself spun off from HP in 1999 as an independent publicly traded company 79 has its oscilloscope research and development division based in Colorado Springs Intel had 250 employees in 2009 80 The Intel facility is now used for the centralized unemployment offices social services El Paso county offices and a bitcoin mining facility 81 Microchip Technology formerly Atmel is a chip fabrication organization 82 The Apple Inc facility was sold to Sanmina SCI in 1996 83 Culture and contemporary life EditTourism Edit Pikes Peak the easternmost fourteener in the United States Almost immediately following the arrival of railroads beginning in 1871 the city s location at the base of Pikes Peak and the Rocky Mountains made it a popular tourism destination Tourism is the third largest employer in the Pikes Peak region accounting for more than 16 000 jobs 84 In 2018 23 million day and overnight visitors came to the area contributing 2 4 billion in revenue 85 Garden of the Gods Colorado Springs has more than 55 attractions and activities in the area 86 including Garden of the Gods park United States Air Force Academy the ANA Money Museum Cheyenne Mountain Zoo Colorado Springs Fine Arts Center at Colorado College Old Colorado City The National Museum of World War II Aviation and the U S Olympic amp Paralympic Training Center 87 In 2020 the U S Olympic amp Paralympic Museum opened 88 the Flying W Ranch Chuckwagon Dinner amp Western Show reopened in 2020 89 A new Pikes Peak Summit Complex opened at the 14 115 foot summit in 2021 90 The Manitou and Pikes Peak Railway also reopened in 2021 91 The downtown Colorado Springs Visitor Information Center offers free area information to leisure and business travelers 86 The Cultural Office of the Pikes Peak Region COPPeR also downtown supports and advocates for the arts throughout the Pikes Peak Region It operates the PeakRadar website to communicate city events 92 Annual cultural events Edit The Saturday morning launch overlooking Prospect Lake in downtown Colorado Springs Colorado Springs is home to the annual Colorado Springs Labor Day Lift Off a hot air balloon festival that takes place over Labor Day weekend at the city s Memorial Park 93 Other annual events include a comic book convention and science fiction convention called GalaxyFest in February 94 a pride parade called PrideFest in July 95 the Greek Festival the Pikes Peak Ascent and Marathon and the Steers amp Beers Whiskey and Beer Festival in August 96 97 98 and the Emma Crawford Coffin Races and Festival in nearby Manitou Springs and Arts Month in October 99 100 The Colorado Springs Festival of Lights Parade is held the first Saturday in December 101 The parade is held on Tejon Street in Downtown Colorado Springs 102 Breweries Edit In 2017 Colorado had the third most craft breweries at 348 103 Breweries and microbreweries have become popular in Colorado Springs which hosts over 30 of them 104 105 Religious institutions Edit Although houses of worship of almost every major world religion are within the city Colorado Springs has in particular attracted a large influx of Evangelical Christians and Christian organizations in recent years At one time Colorado Springs was the national headquarters for 81 different religious organizations earning the city the tongue in cheek nicknames the Evangelical Vatican 106 and The Christian Mecca Religious groups with regional or international headquarters in Colorado Springs include Association of Christian Schools International 107 Biblica 108 Children s HopeChest 109 Community Bible Study 110 Compassion International 111 David C Cook Integrity Music 112 Development Associates International 113 Engineering Ministries International 114 Family Talk 115 Focus on the Family 116 Global Action 117 HCJB 118 Hope amp Home 119 The Navigators 120 One Child Matters 121 Roman Catholic Diocese of Colorado Springs 122 VisionTrust 123 WAY FM Media Group 124 Young Life 125 Marijuana Edit Main article Colorado Amendment 64 Local option Although Colorado voters approved Colorado Amendment 64 a constitutional amendment in 2012 legalizing retail sales of marijuana for recreational purposes the Colorado Springs city council voted not to permit retail shops in the city as was allowed in the amendment 126 Medical marijuana outlets continue to operate in Colorado Springs 127 In 2015 there were 91 medical marijuana clinics in the city which reported sales of 59 6 million in 2014 up 11 percent from the previous year but without recreational marijuana shops 128 On April 26 2016 Colorado Springs city council decided to extend the current six month moratorium to eighteen months with no new licenses to be granted until May 2017 A scholarly paper suggested the city will give up 25 4 million in tax revenue and fees if the city continues to thwart the industry from opening within the city limits 129 130 As of March 1 2018 there were 131 medical marijuana centers and no recreational cannabis stores 131 As of 2019 Colorado Springs is still one of seven towns that have only allowed for medical marijuana 132 In popular culture Edit Colorado Springs has been the subject of or setting for many books films and television shows and is a frequent backdrop for political thrillers and military themed stories because of its many military installations and vital importance to the United States continental defense Notable television series using the city as a setting include Dr Quinn Medicine Woman Homicide Hunter and the Stargate series Stargate SG 1 as well as the films WarGames The Prestige and BlacKkKlansman 133 In a North Korean propaganda video released in April 2013 Colorado Springs was inexplicably singled out as one of four targets for a missile strike The video failed to pinpoint Colorado Springs on the map instead showing a spot somewhere in Louisiana 134 Sports EditOlympic sports Edit United States Olympic Committee headquarters and training facility Colorado Springs dubbed Olympic City USA is home to the United States Olympic amp Paralympic Training Center and the headquarters of the United States Olympic amp Paralympic Committee and the United States Anti Doping Agency 135 Further over 50 national sports organizations non Olympic headquarter in Colorado Springs These include the National Strength and Conditioning Association Sports Incubator a various non Olympic Sports such as USA Ultimate and more 136 Colorado Springs and Denver hosted the 1962 World Ice Hockey Championships e The city has a long association with the sport of figure skating having hosted the U S Figure Skating Championships six times and the World Figure Skating Championships five times It is home to the World Figure Skating Museum and Hall of Fame and the Broadmoor Skating Club a notable training center for the sport In recent years the Broadmoor World Arena has hosted skating events such as Skate America and the Four Continents Figure Skating Championships 137 Baseball Edit The Colorado Springs Snow Sox professional baseball team is based in Colorado Springs The team is a member of the Pecos League an independent baseball league which is not affiliated with Major or Minor League Baseball 138 139 Pikes Peak International Hill Climb Edit See also Pikes Peak International Hill Climb The Pikes Peak International Hill Climb PPIHC also known as The Race to the Clouds is an annual invitational automobile and motorcycle hill climb to the summit of Pikes Peak every year on the last Sunday of June 140 The highway wasn t completely paved until 2011 141 Local professional teams Edit Name Sport Founded League Venue RefColorado Springs Switchbacks FC Soccer 2015 USL Championship Weidner Field 142 Rocky Mountain Vibes Baseball 2019 Pioneer League UCHealth Park 143 Local collegiate teams Edit The local colleges feature many sports teams Notable among them are several nationally competitive NCAA Division I teams United States Air Force Academy Falcons Football Basketball and Hockey 144 and Colorado College Tigers Hockey and Women s Soccer 145 Rodeo Edit Colorado Springs was the original headquarters of the Professional Bull Riders PBR from its founding in 1992 until 2005 when the organization was moved to Pueblo 146 Parks trails and open space EditMain articles Parks in Colorado Springs Colorado and List of parks in Colorado Springs Colorado The city s Parks Recreation and Cultural Services manage 136 neighborhood parks eight community parks seven regional parks and five sports complexes totaling 9 000 acres 3 600 ha They also manage 500 acres 200 ha of trails of which 160 miles 260 km are park trails and 105 miles 169 km are urban There are 5 000 acres 2 000 ha of open space in 48 open space areas 147 Parks Edit Ackerman Overlook near United States Air Force Academy off Interstate 25 in Colorado Springs is named for Jasper D Ackerman 1896 1988 a banker and rancher 148 Pulpit Rock in Pikeview North Colorado Springs Garden of the Gods is on Colorado Springs s western edge It is a National Natural Landmark with 300 foot 91 m red orange sandstone rock formations often viewed against a backdrop of the snow capped Pikes Peak This park is free to the public and offers many recreational opportunities such as hiking rock climbing cycling horseback riding and tours 149 It offers a variety of annual events one of the most popular of which is the Starlight Spectacular a recreational bike ride held every summer to benefit the Trails and Open Space Coalition of Colorado Springs 150 Colorado Springs has several major city parks such as Palmer Park America the Beautiful Park in downtown Colorado Springs Memorial Park which includes many sports fields an indoor swimming pool and skating rink a skateboard bowl and two half pipes and Monument Valley Park which has walking and biking paths an outdoor swimming pool and pickleball courts 151 Monument Valley Park also has Tahama Spring the original spring in Colorado Springs 152 153 Austin Bluffs Park affords a place of recreation in eastern Colorado Springs El Paso County Regional Parks include Bear Creek Regional Park Bear Creek Dog Park Fox Run Regional Park and Fountain Creek Regional Park and Nature Center 154 Ponderosa pine Pinus ponderosa 155 156 Gambel oak Quercus gambelii 157 158 narrowleaf yucca Yucca angustissima syn Yucca glauca 159 and prickly pear cactus Opuntia macrorhiza 160 Trails Edit Three trails the New Santa Fe Regional Trail Pikes Peak Greenway and Fountain Creek Regional Trail form a continuous path from Palmer Lake through Colorado Springs to Fountain Colorado The majority of the trail between Palmer Lake and Fountain is a soft surface breeze gravel trail A major segment of the trail within the Colorado Springs city limits is paved The trails except Monument Valley Park trails may be used for equestrian traffic Motorized vehicles are not allowed on the trails Many of the trails are interconnected having main spine trails like the Pikes Peak Greenway that lead to secondary trails 161 162 163 Government Edit Colorado Springs City Hall in 2008 On November 2 2010 Colorado Springs voters adopted a council strong mayor form of government The City of Colorado Springs transitioned to the new system of government in 2011 Under the council strong mayor system of government the mayor is the chief executive and the city council is the legislative branch The mayor is a full time elected position and not a member of the council The council has nine members six of whom represent one of six equally populated districts each The remaining three members are elected at large 164 Colorado Springs City Hall was built from 1902 to 1904 on land donated by W S Stratton 165 City Council Edit The Colorado Springs City Council consists of nine elected officials six of whom represent districts and three of whom represent the city at large 166 District 1 Dave Donelson District 2 Randy Helms Council President Pro Tem District 3 Stephannie Fortune District 4 Yolanda Avila District 5 Nancy Henjum District 6 Mike O Malley At Large Bill Murray At Large Tom Strand Council President At Large Wayne WilliamsPolitics Edit In 2017 Caleb Hannan wrote in Politico that Colorado Springs was staunchly Republican a right wing counterweight to liberal Boulder and that a study ranked it the fourth most conservative city in America 167 In the 2016 presidential election Donald Trump s margin of victory in El Paso County was 22 points That year Hannan wrote that downtown Colorado Springs had a different political vibe from the overall area s and that there were superficial signs of changing demographics 167 In 2020 the shift toward the political center continued as the incumbent Republican Donald Trump edged out Democrat Joe Biden by only 10 8 in El Paso County 168 Education EditPrimary and secondary education Edit Public schools The public education in the city is divided into several school districts Colorado Springs School District 11 center of the city Academy School District 20 north end Falcon School District 49 east side Widefield School District 3 south end Fountain Fort Carson School District 8 far south end Harrison School District 2 south central area James Irwin Charter High School east central area Cheyenne Mountain School District 12 southwest corner The Vanguard School CIVA Charter High School and The Classical Academy are charter schools Private schools Roman Catholic Diocese of Colorado Springs schools 169 including within the boundaries of the city Corpus Christi Catholic School PreK 8 Divine Redeemer Catholic School PreK 8 St Gabriel Classical Academy PreK 3 St Paul Catholic School PreK 8 St Mary s High School an independent Catholic high school 170 Fountain Valley School of Colorado a residential high school established in 1930 with a current enrollment of about 240 171 The Colorado Springs School a preK 12 school established in 1962 with a current enrollment of about 300 172 173 Colorado Springs Christian Schools A PreK 12th grade Christian school with two campuses started in 1972 and with an enrollment of about 1 150 in 2021 174 175 Evangelical Christian Academy a preK 12 school established in 1971 with a current enrollment of about 350 176 Pikes Peak Christian School a preK 12 Christian school with a current enrollment of about 210 177 178 In addition the state of Colorado runs the Colorado School for the Deaf and Blind a residential school for people up to age 21 and established in 1874 in the city 179 Higher education Edit Doolittle Hall on the campus of the United States Air Force Academy State institutions offering bachelors and graduate degree programs in Colorado Springs include University of Colorado Colorado Springs UCCS with more than 12 000 students 180 and Pikes Peak State College which offers mostly two year degree associate degrees 181 The United States Air Force Academy is a federal institution offering bachelor degrees for officer candidates 182 Private non profit institutions include Colorado College established in 1874 with about 2 000 undergraduates 183 Colorado Christian University has its Colorado Springs Center in the city 184 Private for profit institutions include Colorado Technical University whose main campus is in Colorado Springs and IntelliTec College a technical training school Transportation EditMajor highways and roads Edit Interstate highways Edit Colorado Springs is primarily served by one interstate highway I 25 runs north and south through Colorado and traverses the city for nearly 18 miles 29 km entering the city south of Circle Drive and exiting north of North Gate Boulevard In El Paso County it is known as Ronald Reagan Highway f State and U S highways Edit A number of state and U S highways serve the city State Highway 21 is a major east side semi expressway from Black Forest to Fountain known locally and co signed as Powers Boulevard State Highway 83 runs north south from central Denver to northern Colorado Springs State Highway 94 runs east west from western Cheyenne County to eastern Colorado Springs where it terminates at US 24 US 24 is a major route through the city and county providing access to Woodland Park via Ute Pass to the west and downtown Nob Hill and numerous suburbs to the east It is co signed with Platte Ave after SH 21 and originally carried local traffic through town The Martin Luther King Jr Bypass runs from I 25 near Circle Drive along Fountain Blvd to SH 21 then east again State Highway 115 begins in Canon City traveling north along the western edge of Fort Carson when it reaches the city limits it merges with Nevada Avenue a signed Business Route of US 85 US 85 and SH 115 are concurrent between Lake Avenue and I 25 US 85 enters the city at Fountain and was signed at Venetucci Blvd Lake Avenue and Nevada Avenue g at various points in history however most of US 85 is concurrent with I 25 and is not signed County and city roads Edit In November 2015 voters in Colorado Springs overwhelmingly passed ballot measure 2C dedicating funds from a temporary sales tax increase to much needed road and infrastructure improvements over five years This temporary increase is estimated to bring in approximately 50 million annually which will be used solely to improve roads and infrastructure The ballot measure passed by a margin of approximately 65 35 189 In 2004 the voters of Colorado Springs and El Paso County established the Pikes Peak Rural Transportation Authority 190 In early 2010 the city of Colorado Springs approved an expansion of the northernmost part of Powers Boulevard in order to create an Interstate 25 bypass commonly referred to as the Copper Ridge Expansion 191 h Airport Edit Colorado Springs Airport COS ICAO KCOS has been in operation since 1925 It is the second largest commercial airport in the state after Denver International Airport DEN ICAO KDEN It covers 7 200 acres 2 900 ha of land at an elevation of approximately 6 200 feet 1 900 m COS is considered to be a joint use civilian and military airport as Peterson Space Force Base is a tenant of the airport 193 It has three paved runways 17L 35R is 13 501 by 150 feet 4 115 by 46 m the runway 17R 35L is 11 022 by 150 feet 3 360 by 46 m and the runway 13 31 is 8 270 by 150 feet 2 521 by 46 m 194 The airport handled 817 000 passengers from October 2020 October 2021 195 and is served by American Delta Southwest and United 196 Bicycling Edit A 20 kilometer 12 mi upright bike race during the inaugural Warrior Games at the Olympic Training Center in Colorado Springs Colo May 13 2010 The Warrior Games is a Paralympics style competition where the services compete against each other in events such as sitting volleyball wheelchair basketball archery shooting and swimming In April 2018 the Colorado Springs City Council approved a Bike Master Plan 197 The vision of the city s Bike Master Plan is a healthy and vibrant Colorado Springs where bicycling is one of many transportation options for a large portion of the population and where a well connected and well maintained network of urban trails single track and on street infrastructure offers a bicycling experience for present and future generations that is safe convenient and fun for getting around getting in shape or getting away Bike lanes in Colorado Springs have not been deployed without controversy According to The Gazette their readers have mixed feelings for new bike lanes 198 In December 2016 the City removed a bike lane along Research Parkway due to overwhelming opposition an online survey found that 80 5 of respondents opposed the bike lane 199 The Gazette has stated that since the Bike Master Plan was adopted by City Council no issue has elicited more argument in The Gazette pages and due to this immense public interest on February 25 2019 The Gazette hosted a town hall meeting called Battle of the Bike Lanes 200 201 Walkability Edit A 2011 study by Walk Score ranked Colorado Springs 34th most walkable of fifty largest U S cities 202 A Metro bus arrives at a stop on Colorado Avenue Mountain Metropolitan Transit Edit Mountain Metropolitan Transit MMT is testing Battery Electric Buses BEB and if the buses perform well the agency plans to acquire its first three BEBs in 2021 using funds from the Volkswagen emissions scandal and resulting lawsuit and settlement 203 On April 22 2022 Mountain Metro unveiled four new all electric Proterra ZX5 buses to be added to their fleet 204 The new buses join their current fleet of 67 clean diesel buses They are funded by the Colorado Department of Transportation Division of Transit and Rail Settlement Transit Bus Replacement Program Volkswagen Diesel Emission Settlement trust and Federal transit Administration 5339 b Buses and Bus Facilities Program grant 205 The Proterra ZX5 buses run 220 to 330 miles on a single charge and cost 1 2 million per bus 206 Mountain Metro Mobility Edit Mountain Metro Mobility is an Americans with Disabilities Act ADA federally mandated complementary ADA paratransit service which provides demand response service for individuals with mobility needs that prevent them from using the fixed route bus system 207 208 Mountain Metro Rides Edit Mountain Metro Rides offers alternative transportation options to residents of the Pikes Peak Region The program is designed to reduce congestion and pollution by encouraging people to commute by carpool vanpool bicycling or walking 209 Bustang Edit Bustang provides intercity transportation to Colorado Springs It is part of the South and Outrider lines which connect to Denver and to Lamar There is an additional line that connects Colorado Springs directly to the Denver Tech Center 210 Notable people EditMain article List of people from Colorado Springs ColoradoSister cities EditSee also List of sister cities in Colorado Bishkek mayor Arstanbek Nogoev presents a gift for Colorado Springs mayor Lionel Rivera to a US airman at Manas Air Base in a ceremony aimed at reviving ties between the two sister cities 211 Colorado Springs sister cities are 212 Fujiyoshida Yamanashi Japan 1962 Kaohsiung Taiwan 1983 Smolensk Smolensk Oblast Russia 1993 Bishkek Kyrgyzstan 1994 Nuevo Casas Grandes Chihuahua Mexico 1996 Canterbury Bankstown Sydney New South Wales Australia 1999 Olympia Peloponnese Greece 2014 Colorado Springs s sister city organization began when it became partners with Fujiyoshida The torii gate erected to commemorate the relationship stands at the corner of Bijou Street and Nevada Avenue and is one of the city s most recognizable landmarks The torii gate crisscrossed bridge and shrine in the median between Platte and Bijou Streets downtown were a gift to Colorado Springs erected in 1966 by the Rotary Club of Colorado Springs to celebrate the friendship between the two communities A plaque near the torii gate states that the purpose of the sister city relationship is to promote understanding between the people of our two countries and cities The Fujiyoshida Student exchange program has become an annual event 213 In 2006 and 2010 the Bankstown TAP Talent Advancement Program performed with the Youth Symphony and the Colorado Springs Children s Chorale as part of the annual In Harmony program 213 A notable similarity between Colorado Springs and its sister cities is their geographic positions three of the seven cities are near the foot of a major mountain or mountain range as is Colorado Springs 214 See also Edit Geography portal History portal United States portal Colorado portal Cities portalClub Q nightclub shooting Colorado Bibliography of Colorado Index of Colorado related articles Outline of Colorado List of counties in Colorado List of municipalities in Colorado List of places in Colorado List of statistical areas in Colorado Front Range Urban Corridor South Central Colorado Urban Area Colorado Springs CO Metropolitan Statistical Area Media in Colorado Springs Colorado Tuberculosis treatment in Colorado SpringsNotes Edit The mayor of Colorado Springs is officially nonpartisan party affiliation is for informational purposes only Mean monthly maxima and minima i e the expected highest and lowest temperature readings at any point during the year or given month calculated based on data at said location from 1991 to 2020 As of the census 53 of 2000 limited only to the city limits and not including the very diverse Fort Carson area which many view as being a part of the Colorado Springs metropolitan area there were 360 890 people 141 516 households and 93 117 families residing in the city The population density was 1 942 9 inhabitants per square mile 750 2 km2 There were 148 690 housing units at an average density of 800 5 per square mile 309 1 km2 The racial makeup of the city was 80 7 White 6 6 African American 0 9 Native American 2 8 Asian 0 2 Pacific Islander 5 0 from other races and 3 9 from two or more races 12 0 of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race There were 141 516 households out of which 34 0 had children under the age of 18 living with them 51 5 were married couples living together 10 6 had a female householder with no husband present and 34 2 were non families 27 0 of all households were made up of individuals and 6 9 had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older The average household size was 2 50 and the average family size was 3 06 In the city the population was spread out with 26 5 under the age of 18 10 3 from 18 to 24 32 8 from 25 to 44 20 8 from 45 to 64 and 9 6 who were 65 years of age or older The median age was 34 years For every 100 females there were 97 8 males For every 100 females age 18 and over there were 95 2 males Note City statistics do not include the demographic influence of five local military bases The median income for a household in the city was 45 081 and the median income for a family was 53 478 Males had a median income of 36 786 versus 26 427 for females The per capita income for the city was 22 496 About 6 1 of families and 8 7 of the population were below the poverty line including 10 8 of those under age 18 and 7 2 of those age 65 or over Political leaders in Colorado plan to ask President Biden s administration to review the merits of the decision 59 Huntsville also has to pass an environmental review before the decision is final 60 Air Force documents show Alabama ranked higher than Colorado in 11 of 21 comparisons used by the government in seeking the best site for the new U S Space Command s permanent headquarters In the Space Command headquarters comparison Alabama ranks in top third in nine of the 21 categories Colorado ranks in the top third in five categories Alabama ranks in bottom third in three of the 21 categories and Colorado ranks in bottom third in 10 of the 21 categories 61 This nullifies a popular Canadian claim that the 2008 IIHF World Championships in Quebec City and Halifax marked the first time this event was organized on the American continent However the 2008 event was the first World Championship on the American continent in which NHL players were eligible to compete In order to combat congestion the Colorado Department of Transportation widened the Interstate 25 corridor throughout the city from four lanes two in each direction to six lanes in a program called COSMIX Ultimately the plan is to make the interstate eight lanes through the city when funding becomes available 185 Work has been completed to expand Interstate 25 from 4 to 6 lanes between Woodmen Road exit 149 the northern terminus for the COSMIX project and Monument exit 161 186 187 In addition there were plans to develop a Front Range Toll Road a privately owned turnpike which would begin south of Pueblo and end around Fort Collins This toll road would allow rail and truck traffic to avoid the more highly traveled parts of I 25 along the Front Range Initially the project had support but has since been highly contested because of the need to condemn the land of many private citizens through the use of eminent domain to make room for the corridor 188 The project developers also have hopes of increasing business at the future I 25 Powers Boulevard connection by building a 2 8 million cu ft 79 thousand m3 shopping mall on the East side of the Powers exit 191 Developers hope to have the project finished by 2013 but have a deadline of 2018 192 References Edit a b c Active Colorado Municipalities Colorado Department of Local Affairs Retrieved October 16 2021 Colorado Counties State of Colorado Colorado Department of Local Affairs Division of Local Government Retrieved January 25 2021 Olympic City USA City of Colorado Springs Retrieved June 1 2017 Summer in the Springs City of Colorado Springs Retrieved June 1 2017 Best of the Springs The Gazette Colorado Springs January 29 2016 Retrieved June 1 2017 Colorado Municipal Incorporations State of Colorado Department of Personnel amp Administration Colorado State Archives December 14 2008 Retrieved September 2 2007 a b c d e QuickFacts Colorado Springs city Colorado United States United States Census Bureau United States Department of Commerce August 12 2021 Retrieved September 12 2021 ZIP Code Lookup United States Postal Service Archived from the original JavaScript HTML on September 3 2007 Retrieved September 7 2007 2020 Population and Housing State Data United States Census Bureau Retrieved August 22 2021 Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Incorporated Places of 50 000 or More Ranked by July 1 2018 Population April 1 2010 to July 1 2018 United States Census Bureau Population Division Archived from the original on February 13 2020 Retrieved May 23 2019 Colorado Springs History and Heritage Visit Colorado Springs Retrieved May 24 2013 El Paso County History Colorado Archived from the original on December 4 2013 Platted by his Colorado Springs Company in 1876 sic Manitou Springs retains its winding roads spa and many of its grand hotels and residences Of the approximately 1001 buildings 752 are considered to be contributing Miramont Castle housed a sanitarium operated by the Sisters of Mercy a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint bot original URL status unknown link in 1916 the Sisters of Mercy operated the Montcalm Sanitarium Smiley Jerome Constant 1913 Semi centennial History of the State of Colorado Brookhaven Press pp 367 369 ISBN 978 1 4035 0045 8 The Rocky Mountain Region edited by Rick Newby pg 108 Harrison Deborah 2012 Manitou Springs Arcadia Publishing ISBN 9780738595962 Retrieved February 27 2014 Downtown Historic Survey City of Colorado Springs Archived from the original on February 3 2015 Retrieved February 27 2014 Capace Nancy March 1 1999 Encyclopedia of Colorado Google books North American Book Dist LLC p 173 ISBN 978 0 403 09813 2 Retrieved May 23 2013 a b c d annexdata xls spreadsheet SpringsGov com Archived from the original XLS on November 12 2013 Retrieved October 27 2013 a b Directory of Colorado Springs PDF almanac The Out West Printing and Stationery Co 1898 archived from the original PDF on November 12 2013 retrieved November 5 2013 SANATARIUMS St Francis Hospital On Institute Heights east end of Pike s Peak avenue near Knob Hill street car line Pike s Peak Camp No 5 Pacific jurisdiction Meets in K of P Hall every Tuesday evening Colorado s Mining Craze PDF The New York Times December 2 1895 Archived PDF from the original on April 27 2021 Retrieved November 12 2013 Report of the Commission on the Colorado Springs Union Depot available at PPLD Special Collections and the Colorado College Tutt Library a b Hartman James Edward June 28 1996 Original Colorado Springs Municipal Airport NRHP Inventory Nomination Form Contributing 4 Non contributing 1 Nichols Field and the Pine Valley Air Strip were located on north Nevada Avenue In 1942 the hangar was purchased by the City of Colorado Springs The Air Force began leasing the Broadmoor hangar as a storage area in 1958 1951 Facility usage is re leased to the Military 383 acres for the 4600 Air Base Group Jan 1966 The City of Colorado Springs renegotiates with Air Force total of 992 acres until June 30 2066 a b c d e Roeder Tom October 18 2021 Colorado Springs at 150 years The military s impact on growth and development The Gazette Retrieved April 1 2022 Prinzo c 1945 description of sites used by 2nd Photo Grp document with quotation Colorado Springs Colorado City and Manitou City Directory Vol XIII The R L Polk Directory Co 1916 Pike s Peak Ocean to Occan Highway Mueller Robert 1989 Active Air Force Bases Within the United States of America on 17 September 1982 Air Force Bases Report Office of Air Force History I ISBN 0 912799 53 6 a b c d North American Aerospace Defense Command gt About NORAD gt Cheyenne Mountain Air Force Station North American Aerospace Defense Command Retrieved April 1 2022 Hellmann Paul T November 1 2004 Historical Gazetteer of the United States Google books Taylor amp Francis p 129 ISBN 978 0 203 99700 0 Retrieved May 23 2013 Annual Report to Congress of the Federal Board for Vocational Education Report Retrieved November 29 2013 Sydney Herdle The Daily Collegian A guide to the major platforms of the Libertarian Party psu edu a b Colorado Springs SKYbrary Aviation Safety a b City of Colorado Springs Drought November 3 2010 Archived from the original on December 1 2010 Retrieved November 3 2010 Distance between Denver CO and Colorado Springs CO www distance cities com Retrieved February 1 2020 Another strange twist in Banning Lewis Ranch bankruptcy Colorado Springs Gazette Archived from the original on February 27 2017 Retrieved February 27 2017 Colorado Climate Center Climate of Colorado Climate colostate edu Archived from the original on July 3 2012 Retrieved July 13 2012 Colorado Springs Colorado Climate BestPlaces Retrieved October 28 2015 Colorado sunshine is more myth than science The Denver Post January 3 2012 Archived from the original on October 31 2015 Retrieved October 28 2015 New water wise rules now in effect Colorado Springs January 22 2020 Archived from the original on July 13 2021 Retrieved July 13 2021 Tesla Life and Legacy pbs org Retrieved April 10 2014 Colorado Springs Climate zone com Retrieved September 15 2010 a b c d NowData NOAA Online Weather Data National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Retrieved September 3 2019 Evolution of the North American Monsoon DRI Desert Research Institute Archived from the original on February 27 2017 Retrieved February 27 2017 climateSpy com Colorado Springs CO climate in February climatespy com Archived from the original on February 27 2017 Retrieved February 27 2017 Station Name CO COLORADO SPRINGS MUNI AP National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Retrieved March 13 2019 Summary of Monthly Normals 1991 2020 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Retrieved May 9 2021 Monthly weather forecast and climate Colorado Springs CO Weather Atlas Retrieved July 9 2020 Station Name CO COLORADO SPRINGS MUNI AP Weather Atlas Retrieved July 9 2020 Candelaria Esteban June 17 2021 Colorado Springs hits 100 degrees marking milestone Retrieved September 15 2021 Bureau U S Census American FactFinder Results factfinder2 census gov Archived from the original on February 12 2020 Retrieved April 5 2020 Colorado Springs city Colorado State amp County QuickFacts U S Census Bureau Archived from the original on May 31 2012 Race and Hispanic Origin for Selected Cities and Other Places Earliest Census to 1990 U S Census Bureau Archived from the original on August 12 2012 Detailed tables U S Census Bureau Retrieved September 15 2010 U S Census website United States Census Bureau Retrieved January 31 2008 Databases Tables amp Calculators by Subject Colorado Springs CO Metropolitan Statistical Area Bureau of Labor Statistics Data September 5 2022 Archived from the original on September 5 2022 Retrieved September 5 2022 Press Release Colorado Employment Situation June 2022 Department of Labor amp Employment cdle colorado gov Retrieved September 5 2022 geosolinc com September 5 2022 U S Bureau of Labor Statistics U S Gov Retrieved September 5 2022 a b c d Bitton David August 27 2021 New missions equal new names for Peterson Schriever and Cheyenne Mountain military installations The Gazette Retrieved April 1 2022 US Space Command site to be located in Huntsville Alabama January 13 2021 Chamber of Commerce and state officials fight to keep U S Space Command in Colorado Springs January 22 2021 Jones Dustin January 13 2021 U S Space Command Headquarters May Land in Alabama NPR Opposition grows to putting Space Command HQ in Alabama April 2 2021 Colorado Springs Gazette Archived from the original on January 8 2008 Bluestaq an overnight success in military contracting Gazette Colorado Springs February 14 2009 Boeing adds jobs in Colorado Springs The Denver Post Retrieved February 27 2017 General Dynamics subsidiary shutters 60 person office in Colorado Springs Colorado Springs Gazette Retrieved February 27 2017 Harris Corp helping small Colorado Springs defense contractor grow into bigger role Colorado Springs Gazette Retrieved February 27 2017 Moon Rock has Landed at Space Foundation Discovery Center in Colorado Springs June 15 2013 2006 2007 Southern Colorado Economic Forum Publication p 18 Archived from the original on May 14 2008 Retrieved September 15 2010 SCEF Southern Colorado Economic Forum Archived May 14 2008 at the Wayback Machine A barren Garden of the Gods EETimes com Archived from the original on September 29 2007 Retrieved October 5 2009 Heilman Wayne July 18 2008 Colorado jobless rate at its highest since 2005 percent rate colorado Colorado Springs Gazette Archived from the original on October 7 2008 Retrieved October 5 2009 Heilman Wayne August 30 2008 Manufacturing tech jobs slipping away from Springs manufacturing springs technology Colorado Springs Gazette Archived from the original on September 7 2008 Retrieved October 5 2009 Wayne Heilman gazette com September 19 2008 email Laden Rich June 20 2008 HP plans to open centers in Arkansas New Mexico springs colorado new Colorado Springs Gazette Archived from the original on February 17 2009 Retrieved October 5 2009 Heilman Wayne June 25 2008 HP to 800 Springs workers Move to New Mexico or lose jobs center springs employees Colorado Springs Gazette Archived from the original on October 11 2008 Retrieved October 5 2009 Heilman Wayne June 27 2008 HP to IT workers Move to Fort Collins or lose job move workers employees Colorado Springs Gazette Retrieved October 5 2009 permanent dead link SNIA Advancing Storage and Information Technology www snia org Drake Michele Agilent Technologies Spins Off Its Electronic Measurement Business Keysight Technologies Agilent Technologies Inc Agilent Technologies Inc Retrieved April 12 2021 Agilents shares soar on first day Money November 18 1999 Retrieved February 1 2020 Heilman Wayne July 28 2008 1 000 Intel workers will get job hunting help intel help workers Colorado Springs Gazette Archived from the original on August 9 2008 Retrieved October 5 2009 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report for the year ended December 31 2010 PDF Budget Administration Finance Division El Paso County Colorado 2011 Archived PDF from the original on April 27 2021 Retrieved November 30 2021 permanent dead link Wayne Heilman December 15 2008 Atmel lays off 245 employees in Springs atmel employees company Colorado Springs Gazette Retrieved October 5 2009 permanent dead link 1 dead link DOLA Planning and Management Region 4 Socioeconomic Profile PDF State Demography Office Archived PDF from the original on February 7 2019 Longwoods Staff June 1 2019 Longwoods Travel Research Pikes Peak Region a b Colorado Springs Vacation amp Tourism Information Colorado Springs Colorado Visitcos com Retrieved August 31 2012 Leslie Weddell May 21 2000 There s more to Colorado Springs than just that beautiful mountain The Gazette Colorado Springs Rich Laden Olympic Museum now slated for 2020 opening The Gazette Retrieved January 18 2020 Stanton Billie June 29 2019 Flying W Ranch to soar once more in Colorado Springs The Gazette Retrieved January 18 2020 Officials Break Ground on New Pikes Peak Summit Complex GE Johnson Construction Company Retrieved January 18 2020 Evan Ochsner July 2 2021 Updated Cog Railway and new summit house officially open at Pikes Peak The Gazette Colorado Springs Retrieved July 10 2021 Culture Office of the Pikes Peak Region Overview Retrieved July 12 2011 The Colorado Springs Convention amp Visitors Bureau Visit Colorado Springs Retrieved February 17 2021 GalaxyFest GalaxyFest Archived from the original on February 16 2019 Retrieved February 15 2019 Colorado Springs PrideFest Colorado Springs PrideFest Retrieved February 7 2019 Greek Festival retrieved February 7 2019 The Pikes Peak Ascent and Marathon retrieved February 7 2019 Steers and Beers Whiskey and Beer Festival archived from the original on February 9 2019 retrieved February 7 2019 Emma Crawford Coffin Races and Festival retrieved February 7 2019 Arts Month retrieved February 7 2019 Colorado Springs Festival of Lights The Colorado Springs Festival of Lights Retrieved February 7 2019 Hancock A December 6 2019 Festival of Lights Parade to be bigger than ever 50 000 expected in downtown Colorado Springs The Gazette Mapped amp Ranked The States with the Most Craft Breweries in 2017 October 10 2018 retrieved February 7 2019 A map of Colorado Springs area breweries distilleries wineries and cider products Colorado Springs Independent retrieved February 7 2019 permanent dead link Colorado Springs Breweries Colorado Brewery List retrieved February 7 2019 Ridgeway James January 15 2010 Day eight Sunday morning in the evangelical Vatican The Guardian London Retrieved April 30 2010 Contact ASCI Archived August 27 2013 at the Wayback Machine Biblica The International Bible Society biblica com May 13 2016 Archived from the original on May 9 2012 Retrieved August 23 2013 Contact us Children s Hopechest hopechest org Archived from the original on September 1 2013 Retrieved August 23 2013 Community Bible Study Contact Compassion International compassion com About David C Cook Archived from the original on September 7 2013 Retrieved August 24 2013 Development Associates International Promoting Servant Leadership DAI eMi Contact Us emiusa org Archived from the original on September 7 2013 Retrieved August 23 2013 Dr James Dobson s Family Talk drjamesdobson org How do I contact Focus on the Family custhelp com Archived from the original on December 9 2013 Retrieved August 24 2013 Home Global Action Reach Beyond hcjb org Archived from the original on July 27 2013 Retrieved August 24 2013 Hope amp Home Foster Care Colorado Springs Hope amp Home Foster Care Colorado Springs Making Disciples Using Everything I Have The Navigators navigators org January 25 2016 One Child Matters onechildmatters org Archived from the original on August 24 2013 Retrieved August 23 2013 Home Diocese of Colorado Springs diocs org Products Archive VisionTrust VisionTrust Archived from the original on August 29 2012 Retrieved August 23 2013 WAY Media Network Services WAY Media Network Services Contact Young Life Archived August 20 2013 at the Wayback Machine Martinez Michael December 28 2013 10 things to know about Colorado s recreational marijuana shops CNN CNN Pot may be legal in Colorado but it can t be purchased in most large cities Archived April 10 2016 at the Wayback Machine Tacoma News Tribune March 16 2016 Medical marijuana industry still growing in Colorado Business comparison El Paso County Medical Society policy statement on marijuana use Op Ed The Gazette Inside a wild week in weed for Colorado Springs The Cannabist July 27 2017 Retrieved March 4 2018 The Economic Impact of Allowing Retail Marijuana Establishments in Colorado Springs PDF Daniels School of Business University of Denver Miller Chair of Applied Economics Archived PDF from the original on April 28 2018 via documentcloud org Archived copy PDF Archived from the original PDF on March 4 2018 Retrieved March 4 2018 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint archived copy as title link Fuego Herbert January 29 2019 Ask a Stoner How Many Towns in Colorado Still Ban Weed Sales Westword Retrieved November 18 2019 26 Things People From Colorado Springs Have To Explain To Out Of Towners Movoto Retrieved October 14 2016 Video North Korea threatens to strike Colorado Springs but doesn t know where it is The Washington Post April 12 2013 Retrieved May 8 2013 Olympic City USA Colorado Springs coloradosprings gov Retrieved October 14 2016 Colorado Springs Sports Industry Competitive Advantages PDF Colorado Springs Business Alliance Archived from the original PDF on September 12 2015 Retrieved September 6 2016 Team USA Team USA Home Retrieved February 23 2016 The Colorado Springs SnowSox coming to our area From the Sidelines The Tribune January 12 2021 Give a big welcome to CO Springs new baseball team the Snow Sox fox21news com June 15 2021 What is the PPIHC Pikes Peak International Hill Climb Retrieved November 27 2019 Paving completed on Pike s Peak road 13 years after Sierra Club suit The Denver Post September 30 2011 City of Colorado Springs Parks Department Unanimously Approves Sand Creek Stadium Renaming to Switchbacks Stadium March 7 2016 Archived from the original on May 3 2016 Retrieved August 20 2016 New Name on Tap for Colorado Springs Pioneer League Team Ballpark Digest June 13 2018 Retrieved June 14 2018 goairforcefalcons com goairforcefalcons com Air Force Academy Athletics Official Athletic Site Football Archived from the original on October 12 2016 Retrieved October 14 2016 Varsity Athletics Colorado College coloradocollege edu Archived from the original on October 18 2016 Retrieved October 14 2016 Professional Bull Riders PBR National Headquarters move to Pueblo Colorado Professional Bull Riders Archived from the original on January 19 2019 Retrieved April 27 2018 Parks Trails and Open Spaces City of Colorado Springs Archived from the original on July 25 2013 Retrieved May 23 2013 Colorado historical marker Interstate 25 Colorado Springs Colorado Garden of the Gods Park City of Colorado Springs Retrieved January 18 2020 Starlight Spectacular coloradosprings gov May 18 2017 Archived from the original on January 19 2018 Retrieved December 22 2018 Community Parks City of Colorado Springs Archived from the original on April 28 2013 Retrieved May 22 2013 Used Spring 33 Years Ago Colorado Springs Gazette December 26 1904 p 5 New Pavilion at Tahama Spring PDF Sunday Gazette and Telegraph May 16 1926 Retrieved October 20 2018 Parks and Recreation El Paso County Community Services Communityservices elpasoco com Retrieved November 22 2021 Recommended Trees for Colorado Front Range Communities p 11 s v Ponderosa pine Kaufmann M R Huckaby L S Gleason P 2000 Ponderosa pine in the Colorado Front Range long historical fire and tree recruitment intervals and a case for landscape heterogeneity In Neuenschwander Leon F Ryan Kevin C tech eds Proceedings from the Joint Fire Science Conference and Workshop Crossing the Millennium Integrating spatial technologies and ecological principles for a new age in fire management Boise Idaho June 15 17 1999 Moscow Idaho University of Idaho 153 160 Colorado State University Fact Sheet Gambel oak Quercus gambelii Low Water Native Plants for Colorado Gardens Front Range and Foothills p 14 USDA United States Department of Agriculture Yucca angustissima Engelm ex Trel Low Water Native Plants for Colorado Gardens Front Range and Foothills p 14 Trails and hking in Colorado Springs City of Colorado Springs Archived from the original on May 17 2013 Retrieved May 23 2013 Pikes Peak Greenway Trail City of Colorado Springs Archived from the original on August 22 2013 Retrieved May 22 2013 Pikes Peak Greenway Trail Map and its submaps City of Colorado Springs Archived from the original on January 31 2013 Retrieved May 22 2013 Mayor Council Form of Government Archived from the original on December 22 2015 1904 Colorado Springs City Hall Colorado Springs CO Dated Buildings and Cornerstones on Waymarking com December 5 2009 Retrieved May 8 2013 City Council Members Archived from the original on January 18 2021 Retrieved January 14 2021 a b Hannan Caleb June 30 2017 The Short Unhappy Life of a Libertarian Paradise Politico Retrieved May 13 2020 Colorado Election Results 2020 Politico Retrieved November 30 2021 School Listing Unified Catholic Schools Diocese of Colorado Springs Retrieved June 18 2022 St Mary s High School www smpirates org Retrieved June 18 2022 Fountain Valley School of Colorado U S News amp World Report Retrieved June 18 2022 The Colorado Springs School homepage Retrieved September 15 2010 The Colorado Springs School U S News amp World Report Retrieved June 18 2022 Rabey Steve May 1 2022 Colorado Springs Christian Schools celebrates 50 years Colorado Springs Gazette Retrieved June 11 2022 Colorado Springs Christian Schools www cscslions org Retrieved June 18 2022 About ECA Evangelical Christian Academy Retrieved June 18 2022 About Pikes Peak Christian School www ppcseagles org Retrieved June 18 2022 Pikes Peak Christian School Retrieved June 18 2022 The Colorado School for the Deaf and the Blind CSPM www cspm org Retrieved June 18 2022 Home UCCS www uccs edu Retrieved September 16 2022 About Pikes Peak State College www pikespeak edu Retrieved September 17 2022 About United States Air Force Academy Retrieved September 17 2022 Colorado College US News amp World Report Retrieved September 17 2022 Colorado Springs Center www ccu edu Retrieved September 17 2022 Litter Removal Program Colorado Department of Transportation s CDOT Archived from the original on January 14 2010 Retrieved September 15 2010 I 25 North Design Build Colorado Springs CDOT Coloradodot info Archived from the original on January 26 2013 Retrieved January 19 2013 Zubeck Pam December 29 2012 I 25 widening project coming soon IndyBlog Csindy com Archived from the original on January 3 2013 Retrieved January 19 2013 Archived from the original on March 3 2014 El Paso County Clerk and Recorder 2015 Coordinated Election Results Archived from the original on December 16 2015 Retrieved February 10 2016 PPRTA Homepage Pprta com September 28 2009 Retrieved October 5 2009 a b Sealover Ed February 3 2011 For the love of a road Colorado Springs Independent The Colorado Springs csindy com Archived from the original on July 8 2011 Retrieved February 9 2011 Sealover Ed May 13 2010 Copper Ridge takes a step Colorado Springs Independent The Colorado Springs Find Articles csindy com Archived from the original on July 8 2011 Retrieved February 9 2011 About the Airport FLY COS October 9 2015 AirportIQ 5010 AirportIQ 5010 Archived from the original on February 3 2019 Retrieved May 5 2019 Bureau of Transportation Statistics Colorado Springs CO City of Colorado Springs Municipal COS Bureau of Transportation Statistics TranStats October 2021 Archived from the original on April 17 2021 Retrieved January 19 2022 Nonstop Route Map Colorado Springs October 13 2015 Retrieved January 20 2022 Bike Master Plan City of Colorado Springs July 27 2016 retrieved February 26 2019 Bike Master Plan City of Colorado Springs retrieved February 26 2019 Colorado Springs terminating disputed bike lane project The Gazette retrieved February 26 2019 Battle of the Bike Lanes in Colorado Springs A Community Conversation The Gazette retrieved February 26 2019 WATCH Battle of the bike lanes in Colorado Springs a community conversation KKTV retrieved February 26 2019 2011 City and Neighborhood Rankings Walk Score 2011 Retrieved August 28 2011 Mountain Metro testing electric buses in Colorado Springs KRDO News October 15 2019 Retrieved November 22 2021 Mountain Metro adds electric buses to its fleet Colorado Springs April 21 2022 Retrieved April 25 2022 Mountain Metro fleet boasts new electric buses FOX21 News Colorado April 22 2022 Retrieved April 25 2022 rich laden gazette com Rich Laden Battery powered electric buses added to Colorado Springs mass transit system Colorado Springs Gazette Retrieved April 25 2022 Mountain Metro Mobility Colorado Springs February 27 2014 Retrieved May 25 2020 Colorado s Mountain Metropolitan Transit Wins Transit Agency Of The Year Colorado Springs CO Patch October 29 2019 Retrieved May 25 2020 Metro Rides Alternative Commuting Colorado Springs December 5 2018 Retrieved May 25 2020 Bustang Routes Denver Bus Colorado Springs Bus Routes Bustang Retrieved April 6 2020 Nathaniel Daniel March 19 2007 Manas Airmen reunite sister cities Bishkek Colorado Springs Air Force Link United States Department of Defense Archived from the original on October 11 2007 Retrieved October 18 2007 Colorado Springs Sister Cities International coloradosprings gov City of Colorado Springs April 30 2018 Retrieved November 30 2020 a b TOMODACHI NAJAS Grassroots Exchange ProgramーColorado Springs and Fujiyoshida TOMODACHI Retrieved April 19 2020 City of Colorado Springs Topic Pages Springsgov com July 6 2007 Archived from the original on May 14 2008 Retrieved October 5 2009 External links EditColorado Springs Colorado at Wikipedia s sister projects Definitions from Wiktionary Media from Commons News from Wikinews Quotations from Wikiquote Texts from Wikisource Textbooks from Wikibooks Resources from Wikiversity City of Colorado Springs website CDOT map of the City of Colorado Springs Visit Colorado Springs official website Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Colorado Springs Colorado amp oldid 1145006818, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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