This article is about a writing system. For other meanings of "Sharada", see Sharada (disambiguation).
The Śāradā, Sarada or Sharada script is an abugida writing system of the Brahmic family of scripts. The script was widespread between the 8th and 12th centuries in the northwestern parts of Indian Subcontinent (in Kashmir and neighbouring areas), for writing Sanskrit and Kashmiri.[4][1][5] Although originally a signature Brahminical script created in the valley, it was more widespread throughout northwestern Indian subcontinent, although became later restricted to Kashmir, and it is now rarely used, except by the Kashmiri Pandit community for religious purposes.[1]
The theorised Semitic origins of the Brahmi script are not universally agreed upon.
You may need rendering support to display the uncommon Unicode characters in this article correctly.
The Gardez Ganesha, a 6th-century marble Ganesha found in Gardez, Afghanistan, now at Dargah Pir Rattan Nath, Kabul. The Sharada inscription says that this "great and beautiful image of Mahāvināyaka" was consecrated by the Shahi King Khingala of Khatriya Country Modern Part of Punjab Pakistan and Afghanistan. [6]
Sharda script is named after the Hindu goddess Śāradā, also known as Saraswati, the goddess of learning and the main Hindu deity of the Sharada Peeth temple.[7]
Although originally a script restricted to only Brahmins, Sharda was later spread throughout the larger Hindu population in Northwestern Indian subcontinent, as Hinduism became the dominant religion in the region again.[7][8][9]
The Bakhshali manuscript uses an early stage of the Sharada script.[4] The Sharada script was used in Afghanistan as well as in the Himachal region in India. In Afghanistan, the Kabul Ganesh has a 6th to 8th century Proto-Sharada[clarification needed] inscription mentioning the, Turk Shahis, king Khingala of Oddiyana.[10] At the historic temple of Mirkula Devi (also Mrikula Devi) in Lahaul, [Himachal Pradesh], the goddess Mahishamardini has a Sharada inscription of 1569 CE.[11]
From the 10th century onwards, regional differences started to appear between the Sharada script used in Punjab, the Hill States (partly Himachal Pradesh) and Kashmir. Sharada proper was eventually restricted to very limited ceremonial use in Kashmir, as it grew increasingly unsuitable for writing the Kashmiri language.[12] With the last known inscription dating to 1204 C.E., the early 13th century marks a milestone in the development of Sharada.[12] The regional variety in Punjab continued to evolve from this stage through the 14th century; during this period it starts to appear in forms closely resembling Gurmukhī and other Landa scripts. By the 15th century, Sharada had evolved so considerably that epigraphists denote the script at this point by a special name, Devāśeṣa.[12]
^ abcSingh, Upinder (2008). A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India: From the Stone Age to the 12th Century. Pearson Education India. p. 43. ISBN9788131711200.
^Daniels, P.T. (27 March 2008). "Writing systems of major and minor languages". In Kachru, Braj B.; Kachru, Yamuna; Sridhar, S. N. (eds.). Language in South Asia. Cambridge University Press. ISBN978-1-139-46550-2.
^Masica, Colin (1993). The Indo-Aryan languages. p. 143.
^ abSelin, Helaine (2008). Encyclopaedia of the History of Science, Technology, and Medicine in Non-Western Cultures. Springer Science & Business Media. p. Bakhshali Manuscript entry. Bibcode:2008ehst.book.....S. ISBN9781402045592.
^Sir George Grierson. (1916). "On the Sharada Alphabet". Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, 17.
^For photograph of statue and details of inscription, see: Dhavalikar, M. K., "Gaņeśa: Myth and Reality", in: Brown 1991, pp. 50, 63.
^ abc. The Hindu. 17 May 2006. Archived from the original on 4 February 2007. Retrieved 13 August 2012.
^"The Indigenous Script of Kashmir – The Sharda Script". June 12, 2020. Archived from the original on September 24, 2023. Retrieved September 24, 2023.
^Fogelin, Lars (2015). An Archaeological History of Indian Buddhism. Oxford University Press. p. 149. ISBN9780199948239. Retrieved September 24, 2023. ...the emergence and spread of Hinduism through Indian society helped lead to Buddhism's gradual decline in India.
^From Persepolis to the Punjab: Exploring Ancient Iran, Afghanistan and Pakistan, Elizabeth Errington, Vesta Sarkhosh Curtis, British Museum Press, 2007 p. 96
^Observations on the Architecture and on a Carved Wooden Door of the Temple of Mirkulā Devī at Udaipur, Himachal Pradesh, Francesco Noci, East and West, Vol. 44, No. 1 (March 1994), pp. 99-114
^ abcPandey, Anshuman (2009-03-25). "N3545: Proposal to Encode the Sharada Script in ISO/IEC 10646" (PDF). Working Group Document, ISO/IEC JTC1/SC2/WG2.
^Pandey, Anshuman (2009-08-05). "L2/09-074R2: Proposal to encode the Sharada Script in ISO/IEC 10646" (PDF).
Works citededit
Brown, Robert (1991), Ganesh: Studies of an Asian God, Albany: State University of New York, ISBN978-0791406571
External linksedit
Aksharamukha: Sharada script
Saerji. (2009). Śāradā script: Akṣara List of the Manuscript of Abhidharmadīpa (ca. the 11th Century). Research Institute of Sanskrit Manuscripts & Buddhist Literature, Peking University.
Prevalence of the Śāradā Script in Afghanistan 2010-09-20 at the Wayback Machine
April 26, 2024
sharada, script, this, article, about, writing, system, other, meanings, sharada, sharada, disambiguation, Śāradā, sarada, abugida, writing, system, brahmic, family, scripts, script, widespread, between, 12th, centuries, northwestern, parts, indian, subcontine. This article is about a writing system For other meanings of Sharada see Sharada disambiguation The Sarada Sarada or Sharada script is an abugida writing system of the Brahmic family of scripts The script was widespread between the 8th and 12th centuries in the northwestern parts of Indian Subcontinent in Kashmir and neighbouring areas for writing Sanskrit and Kashmiri 4 1 5 Although originally a signature Brahminical script created in the valley it was more widespread throughout northwestern Indian subcontinent although became later restricted to Kashmir and it is now rarely used except by the Kashmiri Pandit community for religious purposes 1 Sharada scriptSarada 𑆯 𑆫𑆢 The word sarada in Sharada scriptScript typeAbugidaTime period700 CE present almost extinct 1 DirectionLeft to right RegionIndia Pakistan Central AsiaLanguagesSanskrit KashmiriRelated scriptsParent systemsEgyptian a Proto Sinaitic a Phoenician a Aramaic a BrahmiGuptaSharada scriptChild systemsTakriLandaSister systemsSiddham Tibetan 2 3 Kalinga BhaiksukiISO 15924ISO 15924Shrd 319 Sharada SaradaUnicodeUnicode aliasSharadaUnicode rangeU 11180 U 111DFThe theorised Semitic origins of the Brahmi script are not universally agreed upon You may need rendering support to display the uncommon Unicode characters in this article correctly The Gardez Ganesha a 6th century marble Ganesha found in Gardez Afghanistan now at Dargah Pir Rattan Nath Kabul The Sharada inscription says that this great and beautiful image of Mahavinayaka was consecrated by the Shahi King Khingala of Khatriya Country Modern Part of Punjab Pakistan and Afghanistan 6 It is a native script of Kashmir and is named after the goddess Sarada or Saraswati the goddess of learning and the main Hindu deity of the Sharada Peeth temple 7 Contents 1 History 2 Letters 2 1 Vowels 2 2 Consonants 3 Numerals 4 Image gallery 5 Unicode 6 See also 7 References 7 1 Works cited 8 External linksHistory edit nbsp Bakhshali manuscript nbsp Om in Sharada script Sharda script is named after the Hindu goddess Sarada also known as Saraswati the goddess of learning and the main Hindu deity of the Sharada Peeth temple 7 Although originally a script restricted to only Brahmins Sharda was later spread throughout the larger Hindu population in Northwestern Indian subcontinent as Hinduism became the dominant religion in the region again 7 8 9 The Bakhshali manuscript uses an early stage of the Sharada script 4 The Sharada script was used in Afghanistan as well as in the Himachal region in India In Afghanistan the Kabul Ganesh has a 6th to 8th century Proto Sharada clarification needed inscription mentioning the Turk Shahis king Khingala of Oddiyana 10 At the historic temple of Mirkula Devi also Mrikula Devi in Lahaul Himachal Pradesh the goddess Mahishamardini has a Sharada inscription of 1569 CE 11 From the 10th century onwards regional differences started to appear between the Sharada script used in Punjab the Hill States partly Himachal Pradesh and Kashmir Sharada proper was eventually restricted to very limited ceremonial use in Kashmir as it grew increasingly unsuitable for writing the Kashmiri language 12 With the last known inscription dating to 1204 C E the early 13th century marks a milestone in the development of Sharada 12 The regional variety in Punjab continued to evolve from this stage through the 14th century during this period it starts to appear in forms closely resembling Gurmukhi and other Landa scripts By the 15th century Sharada had evolved so considerably that epigraphists denote the script at this point by a special name Devaseṣa 12 Letters editVowels edit Transliteration IPA Independent position Dependent position Glyph Example Special forms a ɐ 𑆃 none 𑆥 pa a aː 𑆄 𑆥 pa 𑆕 𑆕 𑆘 𑆘 𑆛 𑆛 𑆟 𑆟 i ɪ 𑆅 𑆥 pi i iː 𑆆 𑆥 pi u ʊ 𑆇 𑆥 pu 𑆑 𑆑 𑆓 𑆓 𑆙 𑆙 𑆚 𑆚 𑆝 𑆝 𑆠 𑆠 𑆨 𑆨 𑆫 𑆫 𑆯 𑆯 u uː 𑆈 𑆥 pu 𑆑 𑆑 𑆓 𑆓 𑆙 𑆙 𑆚 𑆚 𑆝 𑆝 𑆠 𑆠 𑆨 𑆨 𑆫 𑆫 𑆯 𑆯 r r 𑆉 𑆥 pr 𑆑 𑆑 r r ː 𑆊 𑆥 pr 𑆑 𑆑 l l 𑆋 𑆥 pl l l ː 𑆌 𑆥 pl e eː 𑆍 𑆥 pe ai aːi ai ɐi ɛi 𑆎 𑆥 pai ō oː 𑆏 𑆥 pō au aːu au ɐu ɔu 𑆐 𑆥 pau am 𑆃 𑆥 pam aṃ n m 𑆃 𑆥 paṃ aḥ h 𑆃 𑆥 paḥ Consonants edit Isolated glyph Transliteration IPA 𑆑 ka kɐ 𑆒 kha kʰɐ 𑆓 ga ɡɐ 𑆔 gha ɡʱɐ 𑆕 ṅa ŋɐ 𑆖 ca tɕɐ 𑆗 cha tɕʰɐ 𑆘 ja dʑɐ 𑆙 jha dʑʱɐ 𑆚 na ɲɐ 𑆛 ṭa ʈɐ 𑆜 ṭha ʈʰɐ 𑆝 ḍa ɖɐ 𑆞 ḍha ɖʱɐ 𑆟 ṇa ɳɐ 𑆠 ta tɐ 𑆡 tha tʰɐ 𑆢 da dɐ 𑆣 dha dʱɐ 𑆤 na nɐ 𑆥 pa pɐ 𑆦 pha pʰɐ 𑆧 ba bɐ 𑆨 bha bʱɐ 𑆩 ma mɐ 𑆪 ya jɐ 𑆫 ra rɐ ɾɐ ɽɐ ɾ ɐ 𑆬 la lɐ 𑆭 ḷa ɭɐ 𑆮 va ʋɐ 𑆯 sa ɕɐ 𑆰 ṣa ʂɐ 𑆱 sa sɐ 𑆲 ha ɦɐ Numerals editSharada Arabic 𑇐 0 𑇑 1 𑇒 2 𑇓 3 𑇔 4 𑇕 5 𑇖 6 𑇗 7 𑇘 8 𑇙 9 Sharada script uses its own signs for the positional decimal numeral system Image gallery edit nbsp Sharada vowels nbsp Sharada consonant signs nbsp Sanskrit above devanagari script and Kashmiri language below sharada script nbsp Old manuscript using Sharada script nbsp Kashmiri miniature painting of Brahma Vishnu Mahesh and other Indic deities figuratively within the Sharada script Omkar glyphUnicode editMain article Sharada Unicode block Sarada script was added to the Unicode Standard in January 2012 with the release of version 6 1 13 The Unicode block for Sarada script called Sharada is U 11180 U 111DF Sharada 1 Official Unicode Consortium code chart PDF 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F U 1118x 𑆃 𑆄 𑆅 𑆆 𑆇 𑆈 𑆉 𑆊 𑆋 𑆌 𑆍 𑆎 𑆏 U 1119x 𑆐 𑆑 𑆒 𑆓 𑆔 𑆕 𑆖 𑆗 𑆘 𑆙 𑆚 𑆛 𑆜 𑆝 𑆞 𑆟 U 111Ax 𑆠 𑆡 𑆢 𑆣 𑆤 𑆥 𑆦 𑆧 𑆨 𑆩 𑆪 𑆫 𑆬 𑆭 𑆮 𑆯 U 111Bx 𑆰 𑆱 𑆲 U 111Cx 𑇁 𑇂 𑇃 𑇄 U 111Dx 𑇐 𑇑 𑇒 𑇓 𑇔 𑇕 𑇖 𑇗 𑇘 𑇙 𑇚 𑇜 Notes 1 As of Unicode version 15 1See also editLipi writing scripts in Buddhist Hindu and Jaina texts Sharada Peeth in KashmirReferences edit a b c Singh Upinder 2008 A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India From the Stone Age to the 12th Century Pearson Education India p 43 ISBN 9788131711200 Daniels P T 27 March 2008 Writing systems of major and minor languages In Kachru Braj B Kachru Yamuna Sridhar S N eds Language in South Asia Cambridge University Press ISBN 978 1 139 46550 2 Masica Colin 1993 The Indo Aryan languages p 143 a b Selin Helaine 2008 Encyclopaedia of the History of Science Technology and Medicine in Non Western Cultures Springer Science amp Business Media p Bakhshali Manuscript entry Bibcode 2008ehst book S ISBN 9781402045592 Sir George Grierson 1916 On the Sharada Alphabet Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society 17 For photograph of statue and details of inscription see Dhavalikar M K Ganesa Myth and Reality in Brown 1991 pp 50 63 a b c Pandits to visit Sharda temple The Hindu 17 May 2006 Archived from the original on 4 February 2007 Retrieved 13 August 2012 The Indigenous Script of Kashmir The Sharda Script June 12 2020 Archived from the original on September 24 2023 Retrieved September 24 2023 Fogelin Lars 2015 An Archaeological History of Indian Buddhism Oxford University Press p 149 ISBN 9780199948239 Retrieved September 24 2023 the emergence and spread of Hinduism through Indian society helped lead to Buddhism s gradual decline in India From Persepolis to the Punjab Exploring Ancient Iran Afghanistan and Pakistan Elizabeth Errington Vesta Sarkhosh Curtis British Museum Press 2007 p 96 Observations on the Architecture and on a Carved Wooden Door of the Temple of Mirkula Devi at Udaipur Himachal Pradesh Francesco Noci East and West Vol 44 No 1 March 1994 pp 99 114 a b c Pandey Anshuman 2009 03 25 N3545 Proposal to Encode the Sharada Script in ISO IEC 10646 PDF Working Group Document ISO IEC JTC1 SC2 WG2 Pandey Anshuman 2009 08 05 L2 09 074R2 Proposal to encode the Sharada Script in ISO IEC 10646 PDF Works cited edit Brown Robert 1991 Ganesh Studies of an Asian God Albany State University of New York ISBN 978 0791406571External links editAksharamukha Sharada script Saerji 2009 Sarada script Akṣara List of the Manuscript of Abhidharmadipa ca the 11th Century Research Institute of Sanskrit Manuscripts amp Buddhist Literature Peking University Prevalence of the Sarada Script in Afghanistan Archived 2010 09 20 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Sharada script amp oldid 1186708758, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
