Architect and Confederate veteran William Crawford Smith, who drew up the Parthenon copy
Tennessee Centennial Exposition TeVA Collection, Tennessee State Library and Archives
Today, the Parthenon, which functions as an art museum, stands as the centerpiece of Centennial Park, a large public park just west of downtown Nashville. Alan LeQuire's 1990 re-creation of the Athena Parthenos statue in the naos (the east room of the main hall) is the focus of the Parthenon just as it was in ancient Greece. Since the building is complete and its decorations were polychromed (painted in colors) as close to the presumed original as possible, this replica of the original Parthenon in Athens serves as a monument to what is considered the pinnacle of classical architecture. The plaster replicas of the Parthenon Marbles found in the Treasury Room (the west room of the main hall) are direct casts of the original sculptures which adorned the pediments of the Athenian Parthenon, dating back to 438 BC. The surviving originals are housed in the British Museum in London and at the Acropolis Museum in Athens.
Nashville's nickname, the "Athens of the South",[4] influenced the choice of the building as the centerpiece of the 1897 Centennial Exposition. A number of buildings at the exposition were based on ancient originals. However, the Parthenon was the only one that was an exact reproduction. It was also the only one that was preserved by the city, although the Knights of Pythias Pavilion building was purchased and moved to nearby Franklin, Tennessee.
Major Eugene Castner Lewis was the director of the Tennessee Centennial Exposition and it was at his suggestion that a reproduction of the Parthenon be built in Nashville to serve as the centerpiece of Tennessee's Centennial Celebration. Lewis also served as the chief civil engineer for the Nashville, Chattanooga and St. Louis Railroad. Originally built of plaster, wood, and brick, the Parthenon was not intended to be permanent, but the cost of demolishing the structure combined with its popularity with residents and visitors alike resulted in it being left standing after the Exposition. In 1895 George Julian Zolnay was "employed to make models for the ornamentation" for the building.[5] Within the next 20 years, weather had caused deterioration of the landmark; it was then rebuilt on the same foundations, in concrete, in a project that started in 1920; the exterior was completed in 1925 and the interior in 1931.[6]
Some of the most elaborate events that occurred at the Parthenon were the Spring Pageants of 1913 and 1914. These extravaganzas were theatrical productions on a massive scale. With casts of up to 500, the pageants brought in audiences from surrounding states and rail prices were lowered to encourage attendance. The entire city of Nashville reveled in the opportunity to celebrate the "Athens of the South". The 1913 performance was entitled The Fire Regained, a play written by Sidney Mttron Hirsch, and featured a mythological story line enhanced by theatrical spectacle popular in that era.[7] The 1914 production, "The Mystery at Thanatos", had a similarly mythological plot, but was shorter and better received. A copy of the script is on file at the Nashville Public Library. The most impressive thing about these pageants was the use of visual spectacle. Both shows featured impressive displays ranging from chariot races to huge dance numbers to thousands of live birds to set pieces that shot flames, all set against the backdrop of the majestic Nashville Parthenon.
Current use
As an art museum, the Parthenon's permanent collection on the lower level is a group of 63 paintings by 19th and 20th century American artists, donated by James M. Cowan. Additional gallery spaces provide a venue for a variety of temporary shows and exhibits. The main level contains a replica, completed in 1990, of the Athena Parthenos statue that was in the original Parthenon in Athens.
The statue of Athena Parthenos is a reconstruction, to careful scholarly standards, of the long-lost original: she is cuirassed and helmeted, carries a shield on her left arm and a small 6-foot-high (1.8 m) statue of Nike (Victory) in her right palm, and stands 42 feet (13 m) high, gilt with more than 8 pounds (3.6 kg) of gold leaf; an equally colossal serpent rears its head between her and her shield.
In the summertime, local theater productions use the building as a backdrop for classic Greek plays such as Euripides' Medea and Sophocles' Antigone, performing (usually for free) on the steps of the Parthenon. Other performances, such as Mary Zimmerman's Metamorphoses, have been done inside, at the foot of Athena's statue.
The Parthenon got a full makeover in 2002 with a much needed cleaning and restoration of the exterior. The exterior lighting was upgraded to allow the columns of the building to be illuminated with different colors than the facade, allowing a uniquely versatile display of effects for events.
In popular culture
The Parthenon served as the location for the political rally in the climactic scene of Robert Altman's 1975 film Nashville.
It features in the title and lyrics of the song Nashville Parthenon from the album Etiquette, by Casiotone for the Painfully Alone, as well as the song's 2011 sequel Goodbye Parthenon.
It was used in the 2000 PBS series Greeks: Crucible of Civilization. A poem titled "Ganymede" in Heather Ross Miller'sCelestial Navigator: Writing Poems with Randall Jarrell features the Parthenon. The structure figures in the climax of the Hector Lassiter novel Three Chords and The Truth, by Craig McDonald.
Gallery
Statues
The center of the statues
A closer look at the Shield of Athena Parthenos
Greek play, probably 1913 or 1914
References
^"National Register of Historical Places - Tennessee (TN), Davidson County". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. 2007-03-03.
^Coleman, Christopher K. (Fall 1990). "From Monument to Museum: The Role of the Parthenon in the Culture of the New South". Tennessee Historical Quarterly. 49 (3): 140. JSTOR 42626877.
^"Valor's Reward Paid His Memory. Tablet Unveiled to the Memory of Col. C. W. Smith. On Walls of the Parthenon. Rare Tribute Paid the Name of Soldier-Architect. Tully Brown and Lieut. Caruthers Deliver Addresses of Occasion Before Several Hundred People, Among Whom Were Comrades of Two Wars". The Nashville American. Nashville, Tennessee. July 6, 1903. pp. 5, 7. Retrieved November 22, 2015 – via Newspapers.com.
^Creighton, Wilbur F., The Parthenon In Nashville: Athens of the South, From a personal viewpoint, JM Press, Brentwood, Tennessee, 1989, revised edition 1991
^Creighton, Wilbur F., The Parthenon In Nashville: From a personal viewpoint, 1968, self published pp. 21-22
^. Metro Parks and Recreation Department, Metropolitan Government of Nashville and Davidson County, Tennessee. Archived from the original on 2012-11-20. Retrieved 2010-12-13.
^Stewart, John Lincoln (1965). The Burden of Time: The Fugitives and Agrarians. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. pp. 3–34. ISBN9781400876266. OCLC 859825119. Retrieved November 29, 2015.
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Nashville Parthenon.
Nashville Parthenon Official Website
1909 Panoramic photograph of the Nashville Parthenon from the Library of Congress
Tennessee Centennial and International Exposition (1897) Collection, 1895-1900, Tennessee State Library and Archives
March 03, 2023
parthenon, nashville, parthenon, centennial, park, nashville, tennessee, full, scale, replica, original, parthenon, athens, designed, architect, william, crawford, smith, built, 1897, part, tennessee, centennial, exposition, parthenonu, national, register, his. The Parthenon in Centennial Park in Nashville Tennessee is a full scale replica of the original Parthenon in Athens It was designed by architect William Crawford Smith and built in 1897 as part of the Tennessee Centennial Exposition The ParthenonU S National Register of Historic PlacesThe Parthenon in Nashville s Centennial Park is a full scale copy of the original Parthenon in Athens Show map of NashvilleShow map of TennesseeShow map of the United StatesLocationNashville TennesseeCoordinates36 8 59 N 86 48 48 W 36 14972 N 86 81333 W 36 14972 86 81333 Coordinates 36 8 59 N 86 48 48 W 36 14972 N 86 81333 W 36 14972 86 81333Built1897 original structure 1925 1931 permanent version ArchitectWilliam Crawford Smith 2 3 Architectural styleClassicalNRHP reference No 72001236 1 Added to NRHPFebruary 23 1972Architect and Confederate veteran William Crawford Smith who drew up the Parthenon copy Tennessee Centennial Exposition TeVA Collection Tennessee State Library and Archives Today the Parthenon which functions as an art museum stands as the centerpiece of Centennial Park a large public park just west of downtown Nashville Alan LeQuire s 1990 re creation of the Athena Parthenos statue in the naos the east room of the main hall is the focus of the Parthenon just as it was in ancient Greece Since the building is complete and its decorations were polychromed painted in colors as close to the presumed original as possible this replica of the original Parthenon in Athens serves as a monument to what is considered the pinnacle of classical architecture The plaster replicas of the Parthenon Marbles found in the Treasury Room the west room of the main hall are direct casts of the original sculptures which adorned the pediments of the Athenian Parthenon dating back to 438 BC The surviving originals are housed in the British Museum in London and at the Acropolis Museum in Athens Contents 1 History 2 Current use 3 In popular culture 4 Gallery 5 References 6 External linksHistory Edit The reproduction Athena Parthenos statue Nashville s nickname the Athens of the South 4 influenced the choice of the building as the centerpiece of the 1897 Centennial Exposition A number of buildings at the exposition were based on ancient originals However the Parthenon was the only one that was an exact reproduction It was also the only one that was preserved by the city although the Knights of Pythias Pavilion building was purchased and moved to nearby Franklin Tennessee Major Eugene Castner Lewis was the director of the Tennessee Centennial Exposition and it was at his suggestion that a reproduction of the Parthenon be built in Nashville to serve as the centerpiece of Tennessee s Centennial Celebration Lewis also served as the chief civil engineer for the Nashville Chattanooga and St Louis Railroad Originally built of plaster wood and brick the Parthenon was not intended to be permanent but the cost of demolishing the structure combined with its popularity with residents and visitors alike resulted in it being left standing after the Exposition In 1895 George Julian Zolnay was employed to make models for the ornamentation for the building 5 Within the next 20 years weather had caused deterioration of the landmark it was then rebuilt on the same foundations in concrete in a project that started in 1920 the exterior was completed in 1925 and the interior in 1931 6 Some of the most elaborate events that occurred at the Parthenon were the Spring Pageants of 1913 and 1914 These extravaganzas were theatrical productions on a massive scale With casts of up to 500 the pageants brought in audiences from surrounding states and rail prices were lowered to encourage attendance The entire city of Nashville reveled in the opportunity to celebrate the Athens of the South The 1913 performance was entitled The Fire Regained a play written by Sidney Mttron Hirsch and featured a mythological story line enhanced by theatrical spectacle popular in that era 7 The 1914 production The Mystery at Thanatos had a similarly mythological plot but was shorter and better received A copy of the script is on file at the Nashville Public Library The most impressive thing about these pageants was the use of visual spectacle Both shows featured impressive displays ranging from chariot races to huge dance numbers to thousands of live birds to set pieces that shot flames all set against the backdrop of the majestic Nashville Parthenon Current use EditAs an art museum the Parthenon s permanent collection on the lower level is a group of 63 paintings by 19th and 20th century American artists donated by James M Cowan Additional gallery spaces provide a venue for a variety of temporary shows and exhibits The main level contains a replica completed in 1990 of the Athena Parthenos statue that was in the original Parthenon in Athens The statue of Athena Parthenos is a reconstruction to careful scholarly standards of the long lost original she is cuirassed and helmeted carries a shield on her left arm and a small 6 foot high 1 8 m statue of Nike Victory in her right palm and stands 42 feet 13 m high gilt with more than 8 pounds 3 6 kg of gold leaf an equally colossal serpent rears its head between her and her shield In the summertime local theater productions use the building as a backdrop for classic Greek plays such as Euripides Medea and Sophocles Antigone performing usually for free on the steps of the Parthenon Other performances such as Mary Zimmerman s Metamorphoses have been done inside at the foot of Athena s statue The Parthenon got a full makeover in 2002 with a much needed cleaning and restoration of the exterior The exterior lighting was upgraded to allow the columns of the building to be illuminated with different colors than the facade allowing a uniquely versatile display of effects for events In popular culture EditThe Parthenon served as the location for the political rally in the climactic scene of Robert Altman s 1975 film Nashville It was used as a backdrop for the battle against the Hydra in the 2010 film Percy Jackson amp the Olympians The Lightning Thief It features in the title and lyrics of the song Nashville Parthenon from the album Etiquette by Casiotone for the Painfully Alone as well as the song s 2011 sequel Goodbye Parthenon It was used in the 2000 PBS series Greeks Crucible of Civilization A poem titled Ganymede in Heather Ross Miller s Celestial Navigator Writing Poems with Randall Jarrell features the Parthenon The structure figures in the climax of the Hector Lassiter novel Three Chords and The Truth by Craig McDonald Gallery Edit Statues The center of the statues A closer look at the Shield of Athena Parthenos Greek play probably 1913 or 1914References Edit National Register of Historical Places Tennessee TN Davidson County National Register of Historic Places National Park Service 2007 03 03 Coleman Christopher K Fall 1990 From Monument to Museum The Role of the Parthenon in the Culture of the New South Tennessee Historical Quarterly 49 3 140 JSTOR 42626877 Valor s Reward Paid His Memory Tablet Unveiled to the Memory of Col C W Smith On Walls of the Parthenon Rare Tribute Paid the Name of Soldier Architect Tully Brown and Lieut Caruthers Deliver Addresses of Occasion Before Several Hundred People Among Whom Were Comrades of Two Wars The Nashville American Nashville Tennessee July 6 1903 pp 5 7 Retrieved November 22 2015 via Newspapers com Creighton Wilbur F The Parthenon In Nashville Athens of the South From a personal viewpoint JM Press Brentwood Tennessee 1989 revised edition 1991 Creighton Wilbur F The Parthenon In Nashville From a personal viewpoint 1968 self published pp 21 22 Timeline at the Parthenon Metro Parks and Recreation Department Metropolitan Government of Nashville and Davidson County Tennessee Archived from the original on 2012 11 20 Retrieved 2010 12 13 Stewart John Lincoln 1965 The Burden of Time The Fugitives and Agrarians Princeton New Jersey Princeton University Press pp 3 34 ISBN 9781400876266 OCLC 859825119 Retrieved November 29 2015 External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Nashville Parthenon Nashville Parthenon Official Website 1909 Panoramic photograph of the Nashville Parthenon from the Library of Congress Tennessee Centennial and International Exposition 1897 Collection 1895 1900 Tennessee State Library and Archives Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Parthenon Nashville amp oldid 1128792116, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
