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Terminator 2: Judgment Day

January 20, 2024

Terminator 2: Judgment Day[a] is a 1991 American science fiction action film directed by James Cameron, who co-wrote the script with William Wisher. Starring Arnold Schwarzenegger, Linda Hamilton, Robert Patrick, and Edward Furlong, it is the sequel to The Terminator (1984) and is the second installment in the Terminator franchise. In the film, the malevolent artificial intelligence Skynet sends a Terminator—a highly advanced killing machine—back in time to 1995 to kill the future leader of the human resistance John Connor, when he is a child. The resistance sends back a less advanced, reprogrammed Terminator to protect Connor and ensure the future of humanity.

Terminator 2: Judgment Day
Theatrical release poster
Directed byJames Cameron
Written by
Produced byJames Cameron
Starring
CinematographyAdam Greenberg
Edited by
Music byBrad Fiedel
Production
companies
Distributed byTri-Star Pictures
Release dates
  • July 1, 1991 (1991-07-01) (Century City)
  • July 3, 1991 (1991-07-03) (United States)
Running time
137 minutes
CountryUnited States
LanguageEnglish
Budget$94–102 million
Box office$519–520.9 million

The Terminator was considered a significant success, enhancing Schwarzenegger's and Cameron's careers, but work on a sequel stalled because of animosity between the pair and Hemdale Film Corporation, which partially owned the film's rights. In 1990, Schwarzenegger and Cameron persuaded Carolco Pictures to purchase the rights from The Terminator producer Gale Anne Hurd and Hemdale, which was financially struggling. A release date was set for the following year, leaving Cameron and Wisher seven weeks to write the script. Principal photography began from October 1990 to March 1991, taking place in and around Los Angeles on an estimated $94–102 million budget, making it the most expensive film made at the time. The advanced visual effects by Industrial Light & Magic (ILM), which include the first use of a computer-generated main character in a blockbuster film, resulted in a schedule overrun. Theatrical prints were not delivered to theaters until the night before the picture's release on July 3, 1991.

Terminator 2 was a critical and commercial success, grossing $519–520.9 million at the box office to become the highest-grossing film of 1991 worldwide and the third-highest-grossing film of its time. The film won several accolades, including Saturn, BAFTA, and Academy awards. Terminator 2 merchandise includes video games, comic books, novels, and T2-3D: Battle Across Time, a live-action attraction.

Terminator 2 is considered one of the best science fiction, action, and sequel films ever made. It is also seen as a major influence on visual effects in films, helping usher in the transition from practical effects to reliance on computer-generated imagery. The United States Library of Congress selected it for preservation in the National Film Registry in 2023. Although Cameron intended for Terminator 2 to be the end of the franchise, it was followed by a series of sequels, including Terminator 3: Rise of the Machines (2003), Terminator Salvation (2009), Terminator Genisys (2015), and Terminator: Dark Fate (2019), as well as a 2008 television series.

Plot edit

In 2029, Earth has been ravaged by the war between the malevolent artificial intelligence Skynet and the human resistance. Skynet sends the T-1000—an advanced, prototype, shape-shifting Terminator made of virtually indestructible liquid metal—back in time to kill resistance leader John Connor when he is a child. To protect Connor, the resistance sends back a reprogrammed T-800 Terminator, a less-advanced metal endoskeleton covered in synthetic flesh.

In 1995 Los Angeles, John's mother Sarah is incarcerated in Pescadero State Hospital for her violent efforts to prevent "Judgment Day"—the prophesied events of August 29, 1997, when Skynet will gain sentience and, in response to its creators' attempts to deactivate it, incite a nuclear holocaust. John, living with foster parents, considers Sarah delusional and resents her efforts to prepare him for his future role. The T-1000 locates John in a shopping mall, but the T-800 intervenes, coming to John's aid and enabling his escape. John calls to warn his foster parents, but the T-800 deduces the T-1000 has already killed them. Realizing the T-800 is programmed to obey him, John forbids it from killing people and orders it to save Sarah from the T-1000.

The T-800 and John intercept Sarah during an escape attempt but Sarah flees in horror because the T-800 resembles the Terminator sent to kill her in 1984.[b] John and the T-800 persuade her to join them, and they escape the pursuing T-1000. Although distrustful of the T-800, Sarah uses its knowledge of the future to learn that a revolutionary microprocessor, being developed by Cyberdyne engineer Miles Dyson, will be crucial to Skynet's creation. Over the course of their journey, Sarah sees the T-800 serving as a friend and father figure to John, who teaches it catchphrases and hand signs while encouraging it to become more human-like.

Sarah plans to escape to Mexico with John, but a nightmare about Judgment Day convinces her to kill Dyson. She attacks Dyson in his home but realizes she cannot kill a person and relents. John arrives and reconciles with Sarah while the T-800 convinces Dyson of the future consequences of his work. Dyson reveals his research has been reverse engineered from the CPU and severed arm of the 1984 Terminator. Believing his work must be destroyed, Dyson aids Sarah, John, and the T-800 to break into Cyberdyne, retrieve the CPU and the arm, and set explosives to destroy the lab. The police assault the building and fatally shoot Dyson, but he detonates the explosives as he dies. The T-1000 pursues the surviving trio, cornering them in a steel mill.

Sarah and John split up to escape while the T-1000 mangles the T-800 and briefly deactivates it by destroying its power source. The T-1000 assumes Sarah's appearance to lure out John but Sarah intervenes and, along with the reactivated T-800, pushes it into a vat of molten steel, where it disintegrates. The T-800 explains it must also be destroyed to prevent it from serving as a foundation for Skynet. Despite John's tearful protests, the T-800 persuades him its destruction is the only way to protect their future. Sarah shakes the T-800's hand and, having come to respect it, lowers it into the vat. The T-800 gives John a thumbs-up as it is incinerated. As Sarah drives down a highway with John, she reflects on her renewed hope for an unknown future, musing if the T-800 could learn the value of life, so can humanity.

Cast edit

See also: List of Terminator characters
 
 
 
(Left to right) Arnold Schwarzenegger (pictured in 2003), Linda Hamilton (2009), and Robert Patrick (2014)

The film's cast also includes Jenette Goldstein and Xander Berkeley as John's foster parents Janelle and Todd Voight,[12] Cástulo Guerra as Sarah's friend Enrique Salceda, S. Epatha Merkerson and DeVaughn Nixon as Dyson's wife Tarissa and son Danny,[13][14] and Danny Cooksey as John's friend Tim.[15] Hamilton's twin sister Leslie Hamilton Gearren appears as the T-1000 impersonating Sarah when Hamilton is also on-screen. Twins Don and Dan Stanton portray a guard at Pescadero State Hospital and the T-1000 imitating him.[4][13][16]

Other cast members includes Ken Gibbel as an abusive orderly,[17] Robert Winley, Ron Young, Charles Robert Brown, and Pete Schrum as men who confront the T-800 in a biker bar, Abdul Salaam El Razzac as Gibbons, a Cyberdyne guard, and Dean Norris as the SWAT team leader.[13][14] Michael Edwards portrays the John Connor of 2029 and Hamilton's infant son Dalton Abbott portrays John in a dream sequence.[5][13][18] Co-writer William Wisher cameos as a man photographing the T-800 in the mall,[19] and Michael Biehn reprises his role as resistance soldier Kyle Reese in scenes that were removed from the theatrical release.[20]

Production edit

Development edit

 
Director James Cameron in 2016

The Terminator had been a surprise hit, earning $78.4 million against its $6.4 million budget, confirming Schwarzenegger's status as a lead actor and establishing James Cameron as a mainstream director.[4] Schwarzenegger expressed interest in a sequel, saying "I always felt we should continue the story ... I told [Cameron] that right after we finished the first film".[21] Cameron said Schwarzenegger had always been more enthusiastic about a sequel than he was, because Cameron considered the original a complete story.[22][23]

Discussions to make a sequel stalled until 1989, in part owing to Cameron's work on other films such as Aliens (1986) and The Abyss (1989), but also because of a dispute with rights holder Hemdale Film Corporation.[4][19][24] Hemdale co-founder John Daly had attempted to alter the ending of The Terminator against Cameron's wishes, nearly resulting in a physical confrontation. A sequel could not be made without Hemdale's approval as Cameron had surrendered 50% of his rights to the company to get The Terminator made. Cameron had also sold half of the remaining stake to his ex-wife Gale Anne Hurd, producer and co-writer on the first film, for $1 following their 1989 divorce.[c] By 1990, Hemdale was being sued by Cameron, Schwarzenegger, Hurd, and special-effects artist Stan Winston for unpaid profits from The Terminator.[24]

Schwarzenegger, aware Hemdale was experiencing financial difficulties, convinced Carolco Pictures to purchase the film rights to The Terminator, having worked with the independent film studio on the big-budget science fiction film Total Recall (1990).[4][25][26] Owner Mario Kassar described the rights acquisition as the most difficult deal Carolco ever conducted. He accepted a $10 million offer for Hemdale's share, considering it a sum fabricated to ward him off, and paid Hurd $5 million for her share. Prior to development, the total cost of the acquisition rose to $17 million after factoring in incidental costs.[4][26][27]

Kassar told Cameron that in order to recoup his investment, the film would proceed with or without him, and offered Cameron $6 million to be involved and write the script.[4] The film would become a collaboration between several production studios: Carolco, Le Studio Canal+, Cameron's Lightstorm Entertainment, and Hurd's Pacific Western Productions.[d] The studio also had an existing U.S. distribution deal with TriStar Pictures,[26][32] which stipulated that the film be ready for release by May 27, 1991, Memorial Day.[33]

Writing edit

With a scheduled release date, Cameron had six to seven weeks to write the sequel. He approached his frequent collaborator and The Terminator co-writer William Wisher in March 1990.[4][19][33] They spent two weeks developing a film treatment based on Cameron's vision to form a relationship between John Connor and the T-800, a concept Wisher believed was a joke.[22][33] Their treatment diverged from the "science fiction slasher" theme of the original, focusing on the unconventional family bond formed between Sarah, John, and the T-800. Cameron said this relationship is "the heart of the movie", comparing it to the Tin Man receiving a heart in The Wizard of Oz (1939).[4]

Cameron's concept featured Skynet and the resistance each sending a T-800—both played by Schwarzenegger—into the past, one to kill John and the other to protect him. Wisher believed a fight between two identical Terminators would be boring.[4][34] The pair briefly considered a larger "Super-Terminator", but found it uninteresting and adopted an early idea Cameron had for The Terminator—a liquid-metal Terminator resembling an average-sized human in contrast to Schwarzenegger's large frame.[34] The first half of their concept concluded with the destruction of Skynet's T-800, forcing it to use the T-1000, its ultimate weapon.[4] Although he once considered removing the T-1000 altogether, Cameron solidified it as the only antagonist. Cameron and Wisher had the T-1000 take on the appearance of a police officer, allowing it to operate with less suspicion.[4][35] Wisher found it challenging to depict the T-800 as "good" without making it non-threatening at the same time.[35] The pair decided to give it the ability to learn and develop emotions, becoming more human over time.[35] They kept the T-800's dialogue brief, relying on the audience to infer a lot of meaning through "small bites".[4] Its catchphrase, "Hasta la vista, baby", was something Wisher and Cameron said after their telephone calls.[4][36]

Wisher developed the first half of the treatment at Cameron's home over the course of four weeks, while Cameron worked on the latter half.[33][34][37] Many pages were removed, including a "convoluted" subplot about Dyson, and a massacre of a camp of survivalists helping Sarah. Cameron, who did not consider the budget while writing, had to cut some elaborate scenes, including a nine-minute opening that showed a time travel machine being used in 2029.[e] Wisher and Cameron also frequently conferred with special-effects studio Industrial Light & Magic (ILM) to determine which ideas were achievable.[33]

Cameron and Wisher analyzed the first film to help envision each character's development and evolution. Cameron believed Sarah's knowledge of the future would isolate her, forcing her to associate with survivalists and become a self-sufficient commando.[4] She was written to have become an emotionally cold and distant character comparable to a Terminator, especially when deciding to go after Dyson.[4] Instead of beginning the story with Sarah, John is placed with a foster family to increase tension.[35][42] John's character was inspired by the 1985 Sting song "Russians", with Cameron recalling, "I remember sitting there once, high on E ... I was struck by [the lyrics] 'I hope the Russians love their children too'. And I thought ... The idea of a nuclear war is just so antithetical to life itself'. That's where [John] came from".[4] They spent three days refining the script before flying to Cannes, where Terminator 2 was announced in early May 1990.[4][33][43] Schwarzenegger initially struggled with portions of the script, once asking "What is 'polyalloy'?" He also expressed concern about his character's non-lethal depiction, which conflicted with his action-hero persona and portrayal of the character in The Terminator. Cameron explained he wanted to defy audience expectations. Schwarzenegger requested: "Just make me cool".[4]

Casting edit

 
 
(Left to right) Edward Furlong (pictured in 2009) and Joe Morton (2019)

Schwarzenegger became interested in reprising his role after finding the character more complex and sympathetic than in the previous film.[44][45] To accurately portray a fearless and emotionless machine, he trained extensively with stunt coordinator Joel Kramer to remain unaffected by fire and explosions around him. Schwarzenegger earned $12–$15 million for his involvement.[f] Carolco had been blamed for the increase in exorbitant salaries paid to actors, having paid Schwarzenegger around $11 million for Total Recall (1990). They justified the expense as the value of their leads' wide appeal in markets outside the U.S.[26][49][50] To lessen the immediate financial burden, Carolco paid most of Schwarzenegger's salary with a financed $12.75 million Gulfstream III jet.[26][32][51]

Cameron refused to re-cast Hamilton's role but developed plans to work around her absence if she chose not to return. Negotiations were protracted but concluded promptly after Cameron informed Carolco the script could not be finished until he knew if Hamilton would be involved.[4] Hamilton received roughly $1 million, which she described as "quite a bit more" than her earnings for The Terminator, but expressed disappointment at the pay disparity between her and Schwarzenegger.[g] Hamilton requested Sarah exhibit a "crazy" demeanor, explaining that after years of living with the impending doom of humanity, she believed Sarah would have transformed into an untamed entity, a warrior combined with a psychologically unstable woman.[4][19] She continued: "[The T-800] is a better human than I am, and I'm a better Terminator than he is".[45] Cameron considered giving the character a facial scar but determined that applying it daily would be difficult.[53] Hamilton undertook extensive preparation for her role, working with a personal trainer for three hours a day, six days a week, and maintaining a strict low-fat diet, losing about 12 pounds (5.4 kg) of body weight.[4][14][18] She also received judo and military training from former Israeli commando Uziel Gal.[4][14][18] Between training, filming, and spending time with her infant son Dalton, Hamilton averaged only four hours of sleep per day.[18] She described her experience as "sheer hell" but enjoyed showing off her new physique.[4][18] Hamilton's twin sister, Leslie, was also cast in scenes where two versions of Sarah appear on-screen simultaneously.[18]

Patrick, who was living in his car, was one of several actors in their late 20s considered for the T-1000 role. Cameron wanted a lithe actor resembling a newly recruited police officer to contrast with Schwarzenegger. According to Cameron, "If the [T-800] series is a kind of human Panzer tank, then the [T-1000] series had to be a Porsche".[4][54][55] Casting director Mali Finn believed Patrick had the "intense presence" they wanted. Patrick auditioned by acting like an emotionless hunter and later participated in a screen test to judge the way lighting worked with his skin and eyes.[4][56][57] For his character, he drew inspiration from Schwarzenegger's performance in The Terminator and observed hunting creatures—reptiles, insects, cats, and sharks. Patrick's facial expressions were based on those of an eagle, keeping his head tilted down to imply constant forward movement.[h] He also employed a mixture of military posture with martial arts to express a fluid motion that differed from the T-800's rigid movements.[62] The role demanded Patrick be lean and fast, requiring peak physical shape.[56] He learned to sprint without displaying heavy breathing and exhaustion, and received specialized training from Gal.[56][57][60] Weapons master Harry Lu taught Patrick to operate and reload weapons, such as the T-1000's Beretta 92FS, without looking and eventually without blinking.[56] Singer Billy Idol was originally cast for the role before seriously injuring his leg in a motorcycle crash. In a 2021 retrospective, Cameron said Idol had an interesting aesthetic but in hindsight, he probably would not have cast him.[4][56][63] Singer Blackie Lawless of the rock band W.A.S.P. was also considered but deemed too tall.[58]

Furlong, among hundreds of other prospects, secured the role at his last audition. Cameron believed that early candidates for the role of John Connor were either overexposed in other media or came from advertisement backgrounds, which trained them to be happy and perky. Furlong had no acting experience and was discovered by Finn at the Boys & Girls Club in Pasadena. Cameron described Furlong as having a "surliness, an intelligence, just a question of pulling it out".[4] He was required to take acting lessons, learn Spanish, and be able to ride a motorcycle and repair guns.[64][65] Joe Morton believed his casting as Miles Dyson had to do with Cameron wanting a minority character to be integral to the changing of the world.[11] Morton avoided interacting with the cast so that their on-screen relationships would seem believably distant.[4] The role of Dyson was reduced after the preferred casting choice, Denzel Washington, declined it because the role mainly required him to act scared.[40]

Filming edit

 
The intersection in Bull Creek spillway, North Hills (pictured in 2018), from which the T-1000 crashes into the flood-control channel below

The planned three months of pre-production was reduced to meet the release schedule, leaving Cameron without the time he wanted to prepare all aspects before filming began.[14][66] Over a week, he spent several hours each day choreographing vehicle scenes with toy cars and trucks, filming the results, and printing the footage for storyboard artists.[19] There was no time to properly test practical effects before filming so if effects did not work, the filmmakers had to work around them.[66] Principal photography began on October 8–9, 1990, with a $60 million budget.[i] Scenes were filmed out of sequence to prioritize those requiring extensive visual effects. Schwarzenegger found this difficult because he was meant to convey subtle signs of the T-800's progressive humanity and was unsure what was fitting for each scene.[25][45] Cinematographer Adam Greenberg, who also worked on The Terminator, described the greater scope of the sequel as the most daunting prospect. Where he had been able to shout instructions to his crew on the original film, he used one of 187 walkie-talkies to conduct efforts over an expansive area.[69]

The production was arduous, in part because of Cameron, who was known for his short temper and uncompromising "dictatorial" manner. The crew made T-shirts bearing the slogan "You can't scare me—I work for Jim Cameron".[70] Schwarzenegger described him as a supportive but "demanding taskmaster" with a "fanaticism for physical and visual detail".[4][39] Even so, by the 101st day of filming, Schwarzenegger and Hamilton were frustrated by the high number of takes Cameron performed, spending five days just on close-ups of Hamilton in the Dyson home.[19] To stay on schedule, Cameron worked through Christmas and persuaded Schwarzenegger to cancel a visit to American troops in Saudi Arabia with U.S. President George H. W. Bush to film his scenes.[19]

 
The interior of Kaiser Steel mill in Fontana, California (c. 1949), served as the location of the film's ending.

The production filmed in many locations in and around Los Angeles.[4] The now-destroyed Corral bar in Sylmar is where the T-800 confronts a group of bikers. Location manager Jim Morris chose Corral because it was raised above ground, allowing the scene to take place over different levels.[71] The 1991 police beating of Rodney King took place at the same location a week after filming, being captured on the same videotape a spectator used to capture the filming of the biker bar scenes.[72] On one occasion, a woman who was oblivious to ongoing filming walked into the bar. When she asked Schwarzenegger, who was wearing only a pair of shorts, what was going on, he replied: "It's male-stripper night".[19][73] Executives suggested cutting the scene to save money but Cameron and Schwarzenegger refused.[74]

The T-1000 arriving in 1995 was filmed at the Sixth Street Viaduct, and John hacking an ATM at a bank in Van Nuys. His foster parents' residence is situated in the Canoga Park neighborhood, deliberately chosen for its generic appearance. The Terminators confronting John takes place inside Santa Monica Place mall, although exterior shots were captured at Northridge Fashion Center because there was less traffic.[71] In the subsequent scene, Patrick's training allowed him to outrun John on his dirtbike, so the bike's maximum speed was increased.[56][58] The T-1000 continues its pursuit using a truck, in a scene filmed at the Bull Creek spillway.[4][71] Other locations include the Lake View Terrace hospital, standing in as Pescadero State Hospital, and the Petersen Automotive Museum used as its garage.[71] In a 2012 interview, Hamilton said she suffered permanent partial hearing loss after not wearing earplugs during the hospital elevator scene, where the T-800 fires a gun, as well as shell shock from months of exposure to violence, loud noise, and gunfire.[75] Elysian Park serves as the site of Sarah's apocalyptic dream, and scenes at the Dyson home were captured at a private property in Malibu.[71] The Cyberdyne Building's destruction was filmed at an abandoned office in San Jose, scheduled for demolition. To bring a heightened sense of authenticity, real members of the Los Angeles Police Department's SWAT division were featured in the scene, although Cameron embellished their tactics to be visually interesting.[39] In a spontaneous decision during Morton's death scene, Cameron opted to detonate nearby glass to examine its visual impact.[4][19]

The final highway chase was filmed along the Terminal Island Freeway near Long Beach, of which a 2.5-mile (4.0 km) stretch was closed to traffic every night for two weeks.[39][71] Scenes set during the future war of 2029 were filmed in the rubble of an abandoned steel mill in Oxnard, California, in a one-half square mile (1.3 km2) space that was enhanced with burned bicycles and cars from a 1989 fire at the Universal Studios Lot. Terminator 2's ending was filmed in the closed Kaiser Steel mill in Fontana, which Greenberg made appear operational mainly through lighting techniques. Despite appearing to be actively smelting steel, the mill was frigid and dangerous because of the moving machinery and high catwalks.[j] The T-800's thumbs-up during his death was added during filming (Hamilton considered it too sentimental).[4][76] Six months of filming concluded on March 28, 1991, about three weeks behind schedule.[14][21][77]

Post-production edit

Terminator 2 was edited by Conrad Buff IV, Richard A. Harris, and Mark Goldblatt, who said although there was more time to edit than on The Terminator, it was still relatively small given the greater scope of the sequel. They described the complexity of scenes such as the final battle between the Terminators, which required a seamless combination of live-action, practical effect shots, and CGI.[78] After having to rush editing at the end of The Abyss, Cameron limited filming on Terminator 2 to five days a week so he could help edit the film on weekends from the start of filming.[43]

Several scenes were deleted, in part to reduce its running time. These include Kyle Reese appearing to Sarah in a dream and encouraging her to continue fighting,[20] Sarah being beaten in the hospital,[79] the T-1000 killing John's dog (a scene the animal-loving Patrick was not a fan of),[56][80] John teaching the T-800 to smile and discussing whether it fears death, the T-1000 malfunctioning after being frozen in the steel mill, and additional scenes with Dyson's family.[79][81] Schwarzenegger unsuccessfully rallied to retain his favorite scene, in which John and Sarah modify the T-800's CPU, allowing it to learn and evolve. Sarah attempts to destroy the CPU but John defends the T-800. The scene was replaced with dialogue indicating the T-800 already possesses the ability to learn.[4][79][80] The scripted ending depicted an alternative 2029 that was filmed at the Los Angeles Arboretum in Arcadia, in which an aged Sarah narrates how Skynet was never created while John, now a US Senator, plays with his daughter in a Washington, D.C. playground. To make the film more evocative and memorable, Cameron changed this scene to one in which the characters look out at the road ahead.[k]

The production ran until about two days before the film's theatrical release. Delays were mainly caused by the rendering of shots at Consolidated Film Industries, the most difficult of which was the T-1000's death. Co-producer Stephanie Austin said the production crew worked twenty-four-hour shifts and slept on site. The 137 minute long release print was delivered to theaters the night before its release.[33][84] There were two private pre-release screenings: one for family, friends, and crew at Skywalker Ranch and another in Los Angeles for studio executives. Austin said, "People were stamping their feet and clapping for ten or fifteen minutes", at which point the crew knew they had succeeded.[33] During test screenings the ending was well received, and was described as a "touching" favorite scene.[4]

The minimum estimated cost to produce Terminator 2 had been $60 million, dwarfing the budget of the first film.[4][26][77] Cameron and Schwarzenegger said the final budget, excluding marketing, was about $70 million, and the cost of making the film was about $51 million.[77][85] According to Carolco executives Peter Hoffman and Roger Smith, the film cost $75 million before marketing, saying Terminator 2 was only "modestly" over budget. Including marketing and other costs, the film's total budget is reported to be between $94 million and $102 million.[l][m] Kassar said he had secured 110% of the budget from advances and guarantees of $91 million, including North American television ($7 million) and home-video ($10 million) rights, and $61 million from theatrical, home-video and television rights outside the U.S.[26][32][85] The distribution deal with TriStar Pictures earned it a set percentage of the budget—an estimated $4 million.[26][32] News sources labelled Terminator 2 the most-expensive independent film ever and predicted it would "bankrupt Carolco".[4][26]

Special effects and design edit

Main article: Special effects of Terminator 2: Judgment Day
The visual effects used were highly advanced for the time, such as combining CGI and prosthetics to demonstrate the T-1000's shapeshifting ability (0:20).

A 10-month schedule and about $15–$17 million of Terminator 2's budget was allocated to the entirety of its special effects, including $5 million for the T-1000 alone, and a further $1 million for stunts, at the time one of the largest-ever stunt budgets.[n] Four main companies were involved in creating the 150 visual effects. ILM under special effects supervisor Dennis Muren managed the computer-generated imagery (CGI) effects, Stan Winston Studio the prosthetics and animatronics, Fantasy II Film Effects developed miniatures and optical effects, and 4-Ward Productions were responsible for creating a nuclear explosion effect. Pacific Data Images and Video Image provided some additional effects.[93] The cost and time involved in producing CGI meant the effect was used sparingly, appearing in 42–43 shots, alongside 50–60 practical effects.[4][94]

Produced near the advent of CGI, realizing the T-1000 was a risky endeavor as there was no backup plan in place if the CGI did not work as intended or could not be composited effectively with Winston's practical effects.[33] The computer systems needed to animate and render the T-1000 CGI cost thousands of dollars alone, but creating the character also relied on a variety of practical appliances, visual illusions, and filming techniques.[33][95][96] A team of up to 35 at ILM were required for the five minutes of screen time the T-1000's effects appear, and the process was so complex that rendering 15 seconds of footage took up to ten days.[43][54][91]

Music edit

See also: Terminator 2: Judgment Day (score) and You Could Be Mine
 
Brad Fiedel—Escape from the Hospital
The T-1000 theme by Fiedel
Problems playing this file? See media help.

The Terminator composer Brad Fiedel returned for the sequel, working in his garage in Studio City, Los Angeles. Film industry professionals regarded his return with concern and skepticism as they believed his style would not suit the film.[4][97][98] Fiedel quickly realized he would not receive the finished footage until late in the production after most effects were completed, which made it difficult to commit to decisions such as use of an orchestra because, unlike ambient music, the score had to accompany the on-screen action. Fiedel and Cameron wanted the musical tone to be "warmer" due to its focus on a nobler Terminator and young John. Fiedel experimented with sounds and shared them with Cameron for feedback.[98]

While The Terminator score had mainly used oscillators and synthesizers, Fiedel recorded real instruments and modified their sounds. He developed a library of sounds for characters such as the T-1000, whose theme was created by sampling brass-instrument players warming up and improvising. Fiedel said to the players, "You're an insane asylum. You're a bedlam of instruments." He slowed down the resulting sample and lowered the pitch, describing it as "artificial intelligent monks chanting". Cameron considered the "atonal" sound "too avant-garde", to which Fiedel replied, "you're creating something that people have never seen before, and [the score] ought to sound like something people have never heard before to support that".[98]

Tri-Star asked Schwarzenegger to arrange a tie-in music video and theme song for the film. He chose to work with rock band Guns N' Roses because they were popular and there was "a rose in the movie and bloody guns". The band offered the use of "You Could Be Mine", the debut single from their album Use Your Illusion II (1991). The music video, featuring Schwarzenegger as the T-800 pursuing the band, was directed by Stan Winston, Andrew Morahan, and Jeffrey Abelson.[4][99][100] Patrick unsuccessfully lobbied to use "Head Like a Hole" by Nine Inch Nails as the tie-in song, in part because his brother, Richard Patrick, was their tour guitarist.[101] Wisher suggested using "Bad to the Bone" by George Thorogood & the Destroyers as the T-800 puts on the biker clothes. Although Cameron did not like the idea, Wisher said he later found Cameron had used the song but had forgotten it was his idea.[102] "Guitars, Cadillacs" by Dwight Yoakam also features in Terminator 2.[103]

Release edit

Context edit

See also: 1991 in film

The summer theatrical season, spanning from mid-May to early September, was anticipated to witness strong competition among studios. Fifty-five films were slated for release compared to thirty-seven in 1990. Release dates underwent frequent changes as studios aimed to evade direct competition and optimize their films' chances of success to compensate for the 20% increase in film production costs since 1990. This increase was partly attributed to hefty salaries demanded by stars who also claimed a portion of the film's profits. Moreover, revenues from box-office receipts, video sales, and television-network deals were on the decline.[104][105] Films scheduled for release included City Slickers, The Naked Gun 2½: The Smell of Fear, Only the Lonely, Hudson Hawk, The Rocketeer, What About Bob?, and Point Break. Terminator 2 was among the films expected to do well, along with Backdraft, Dying Young, and the year's predicted top film Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves. It was also seen as having strong international appeal.[105][106][107] An unnamed studio executive said audiences were seeking escapist entertainment such as comedy or action, and avoiding films about less-positive subject matter.[108]

Marketing and promotion edit

Schwarzenegger was involved in Terminator 2's marketing and merchandising campaign, which was estimated to be worth at least $20 million.[19][32] By 1991, advertising for Terminator 2 was ubiquitous with high audience recognition and despite its U.S. R rating, which restricted the film to audiences aged 17 and over unless accompanied by an adult, merchandise was mainly aimed at children. TriStar contributed about $20 million for marketing, which included a $150,000 teaser trailer that was directed by Winston and depicts the construction of a T-800. Trailers ran for six months before the film's release. Tristar incentivized cinema staff to play it frequently by offering chances to win Terminator 2-branded goods and tickets to the premiere. Fast-food restaurants and soft-drink manufacturers, such as Subway and Pepsi, also offered Terminator 2-themed foodstuffs and drinks, alongside promotional posters.[o]

The premiere took place on July 1, 1991, at the Cineplex Odeon in Century City, Los Angeles.[111][112] According to Fiedel, it was treated as a major event, unlike the premiere of The Terminator, during which the audience was skeptical or laughed at the wrong times. Celebrities in attendance included Maria Shriver, Nicolas Cage, Sylvester Stallone, Sharon Stone, Michael Douglas, and Furlong's date Soleil Moon Frye.[4][112]

Box office edit

Terminator 2: Judgment Day opened in the United States and Canada on July 3, leading into the Independence Day holiday weekend.[4][105][108] It had the highest-grossing Wednesday opening with $11.8 million.[113][114] Between Friday and Sunday, the film grossed $31.8 million from 2,274 theaters, an average of $13,969 per theater, making it the number-one film of the weekend ahead of The Naked Gun 2½ ($11.6 million) in its second weekend and Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves ($10.3 million) in its fourth.[108][115] Over the five-day holiday weekend (Wednesday to Sunday), Terminator 2 grossed $52.3 million, becoming the second-highest opening five-day total ever behind Batman's $57 million in 1989,[108][116][117] It set a record opening for an R-rated film and for an Independence Day weekend. The opening week audience was evenly split between adults, teenagers, and children, about 25%–30% of whom were women, although TriStar said the figure was higher. The film benefited from repeat viewings by young audience members.[118] One theater chain executive said: "... nothing since Batman has created the frenzy for tickets we saw this weekend with Terminator. At virtually all our locations, we are selling out ... the word-of-mouth buzz out there is just phenomenal".[108] Industry professional Lawrence Kasanoff said it was an "open secret" that despite the R rating, children were seeing the film, remarking "When T2 opened, I saw kids skateboard up to the ticket window ..."[119]

It retained the number-one position in its second weekend, grossing $20.7 million, ahead of the debuts of One Hundred and One Dalmatians ($10.3 million) and Boyz n the Hood ($10 million),[120] and in its third weekend with $14.9 million, ahead of Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey ($10.2 million) and One Hundred and One Dalmatians ($7.8 million).[121] Terminator 2: Judgment Day fell to number two in its fifth weekend, grossing $8.6 million against the debut of the comedy Hot Shots! ($10.8 million).[116][122] It remained in the top-five highest-grossing films for twelve consecutive weeks and the top-ten highest-grossing films for fifteen weeks. In total, Terminator 2: Judgment Day spent about twenty-six weeks in theaters in a total of 2,495 cinemas, and grossed $204.8 million, making it the highest-grossing film of the year, ahead of Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves ($165 million), Beauty and the Beast ($145 million), and The Silence of the Lambs ($130 million).[p] This also made it the thirteenth-highest-grossing film of its time, behind Back to the Future (1985), and the highest-grossing R-rated film.[4][127] The Los Angeles Times estimated after the theater and distributor cuts, the box-office returns to Carolco would be well over twenty percent of the film's cost.[128]

Outside the U.S. and Canada, Terminator 2: Judgment Day set numerous box office records. In the United Kingdom it had a record three-day opening weekend of $4.4 million (and a one-week record of $7.8 million) and went on to gross at least $30 million.[127][129][130] In France it grossed a record $9.5 million in its opening week (the biggest opening since Rocky IV) and $16 million in two weeks.[127][131] In Germany it grossed a record $8 million in five days[127] and also had a record Australian opening weekend of $1.9 million.[132][133][134] In Thailand it was the highest-grossing western-hemisphere film ever with a gross of $1.2 million.[130] The film also performed well in Brazil and grossed at least $51 million in Japan.[127] Internationally, the film grossed about $312.1 million, making it the first film to gross over $300 million outside of the U.S. and Canada.[135][136] Terminator 2: Judgment Day is estimated to have grossed a worldwide total of $519–$520.9 million,[q][r] making it the year's highest-grossing film, and the third-highest-grossing film ever, behind 1977's Star Wars ($530 million) and 1982's E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial ($619 million).[136][138]

Reception edit

Critical response edit

Terminator 2: Judgment Day was released to general acclaim.[s] Many reviews focused on the state-of-the-art physical, special, and make-up effects, which were roundly praised as "revolutionary" and "spectacular", particularly those relating to the T-1000 as a "technological wonder".[t] Several publications wrote Cameron's ability to realize cinematic action blockbusters was unmatched. Janet Maslin said at his best, despite occasional lapses into melodrama, Cameron's work is akin to that of director Stanley Kubrick.[u] Both Maslin and The Austin Chronicle commented on the kindness and compassion in the film. The Austin Chronicle contrasted it to the lack of a moral message in The Terminator and Travers described it as a "visionary parable" but they, alongside others, criticized Terminator 2's "muddled" message about protecting the value of human life and peace by using extreme violence to prevent the use of nuclear weapons, war, and technological reliance.[v]

Reviewers generally agreed the narrative early in the film is stronger than the one near the end. Owen Gleiberman said the first hour has a genuine "emotional pull" and according to Roger Ebert, the initial concept of a boy finding a father figure in a Terminator that is learning to be human is "intriguing", but Gleiberman said the narrative weakens once Hamilton's character joins the group. Travers and Corliss wrote it stumbles after hours of relentless action and a "conventional climax". Despite this observation, Gleiberman praised the final battle between the T-1000 and the protagonists.[w] Empire's review and Terrence Rafferty found the film's narrative less satisfying and idea-driven than that of The Terminator. Gleiberman said despite it being an effective and witty thriller, Terminator 2: Judgment Day comes across as an expensive B movie when compared with "visionary spectacles" such as the Mad Max series and RoboCop (1987). Kenneth Turan said Terminator 2's action scenes succeed without the extreme gore and violence of RoboCop.[x]

Ebert and Maslin, among others, appreciated the twist on Schwarzenegger's public action-hero persona by making him a hero who does not kill his enemies. David Ansen and Glieberman found humor in the T-800's non-lethal methods and efforts to become more human-like.[y] Maslin and Hinson agreed, as in The Terminator, Schwarzenegger's role is perfect for his acting abilities. Hinson said Schwarzenegger portrayed more humanity as a machine than he did when portraying normal people.[144][150] In contrast, Empire suggested the change was a concession to Schwarzenegger's young fans and Peter Travers chose the T-800's death as a "cornball" scene that is out of place for the actor and film.[146][149]

Several reviewers praised the T-1000 character for the combination of Patrick's "chilling" expressionless performance and the advanced special effects, which create an implacable, "showstopping" villain. Empire called the character "one of the great monsters of the cinema".[z] Gleiberman said the character's absence from much of the film's second act is to the film's detriment, and Hinson wrote the T-1000 lacks any "soul" and thus a way for the audience to identify with it.[143][150] Critics generally agreed Hamilton portrays a "fierce" female hero with an impressive physique that lets her outshine another action hero, Sigourney Weaver's Ellen Ripley in Cameron's Aliens (1986).[aa] Other publications found Sarah Connor's narrations about peace to be "heavy-handed", overused, and "unintentionally amusing".[ab] Furlong was praised for giving a natural performance at a young age,[ac] and Hinson wrote despite limited screentime, Morton made an impression.[150] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A+" on a scale of A+ to F.[154]

Accolades edit

At the 1992 Saturn Awards, Terminator 2: Judgment Day received awards for Best Science Fiction Film, Best Director (Cameron), Best Actress (Hamilton), Best Performance by a Younger Actor (Furlong), and Best Special Effects, as well as nomination for Best Actor (Schwarzenegger).[155][156] It also won Favorite Motion Picture at the 18th People's Choice Awards.[157] For the 45th British Academy Film Awards, Terminator 2 received awards for Best Sound (Lee Orloff, Tom Johnson, Gary Rydstrom, Gary Summers) and Best Special Visual Effects (Stan Winston, Dennis Muren, Gene Warren Jr., Robert Skotak), as well as a nomination for Best Production Design (Joseph Nemec III).[158]

The 64th Academy Awards earned Terminator 2 four awards: Best Makeup (Winston and Jeff Dawn), Best Sound (Orloff, Johnson, Rydstrom, and Summers), Best Sound Effects Editing (Rydstrom and Gloria S. Borders), and Best Visual Effects (Muren, Winston, Warren Jr., and Skotak), as well as nominations for Best Cinematography (Adam Greenberg) and Best Film Editing (Conrad Buff, Mark Goldblatt and Richard A. Harris).[159] It was the first film to win an Academy Award when its predecessor had not been nominated.[58] It received six awards at the 1992 MTV Movie Awards, including: Best Movie, Best Action Sequence ("L.A. Freeway Scene"), Best Breakthrough Performance (Furlong), Best Female Performance (Hamilton), Best Male Performance (Schwarzenegger), and nominations for Best Song From a Movie ("You Could Be Mine"), Best Villain (Patrick), and Most Desirable Female (Hamilton),[160] as well as a Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation (Cameron and Wisher).[161]

Post-release edit

Aftermath edit

Terminator 2: Judgment Day launched the careers or raised the profiles of its principal actors. According to industry professionals, Schwarzenegger became the top international star ahead of actors such as Mel Gibson and Tom Cruise.[111] It also marked the start of a lasting friendship between Schwarzenegger and Cameron, who formed a "midlife crisis motorcycle club" and reunited for the action film True Lies (1994).[4] Cameron and Hamilton began a romantic relationship in 1991, married in 1997, and later divorced.[18][162] In 1992 Cameron was given a five-year, $500 million contract by 20th Century Fox to produce twelve films.[163][164]

Furlong became a highly sought after actor and Patrick found dealing with his new-found recognition difficult as people asked him to impersonate the T-1000.[4] Despite the film's success, Carolco reported 1991 losses of $265.1 million, which was caused by the financial problems of its other films and subsidiaries. Support from investors failed to prevent the studio filing for bankruptcy in 1995 and its assets, including Terminator 2, were sold to Canal Plus for $58 million.[ad]

Home media edit

In December 1991, Terminator 2: Judgment Day was released on VHS and LaserDisc.[170][171][172] It was a popular rental in the U.S. and Canada, with a record 714,000 copies shipped to retailers, and it became the best-selling rental by mid-January 1992.[ae] Varèse Sarabande released Fiedel's score, which spent six weeks on the Billboard 200 record chart, peaking at number 70.[97][179] The theme song "You Could Be Mine" peaked at number 29 on the U.S. Billboard 100, and performed well in the United Kingdom, Australia, Germany, Spain, and Canada.[180][181][182]

A "Special Edition" LaserDisc was released in 1993, featuring a 15-minute extended version of the film that restored deleted scenes, interviews with cast and crew, storyboards, designs, and unrestored deleted scenes. Cameron stated he did not use the label "Director's Cut" because he considered the theatrical releases to be definitive and the extended versions as opportunities to restore "depth and character made omissible by theatrical running time".[79][183] The theatrical version was released on DVD in 1997.[184] In 2000, an "Ultimate Edition" DVD was released, containing the theatrical and "Special Edition" cuts, and a new "Extended Cut", containing a scene of the T-1000 inspecting John's bedroom, and the alternate ending. Terminator 2 special effects coordinator Van Ling supervised the release.[79][185][186] The "Extreme Edition" was released in 2003, featuring the theatrical and "Special Edition" cuts, a remastered 1080p image, Cameron's first commentary, and a documentary about the film's influence on special effects.[185]

Terminator 2 was released on Blu-ray in 2006, followed in 2009 by a "Skynet Edition" that contains the theatrical and "Special Edition" cuts, and commentaries with the cast and crew. This release includes a limited collector's set containing the Blu-ray, the "Ultimate" and "Extreme" editions on DVDs, a digital download version, all extant special features, and a 14-inch (360 mm) T-800 skull bust.[187][188] A 4K Ultra HD Blu-ray version that includes a standard Blu-ray and digital version, was released in 2017. This release also offered a collector's option that includes one of 6,000 life-size replicas of a T-800 skeleton forearm, each signed by Cameron and individually numbered, the soundtrack, the theatrical, "Special", "Extended", and 2017 3D remaster cuts, and "Reprogramming the Terminator", a documentary that includes interviews with Schwarzenegger, Cameron, Furlong, and others.[189][190][191]

Other media edit

Main articles: List of Terminator video games, List of Terminator comic books, and T2-3D: Battle Across Time

Terminator 2: Judgment Day was marketed with numerous tie-in products, including toys, puppets, trading cards, jigsaw puzzles, clothing, a perfume named "Hero", and a novelization by Randall Frakes that expands on the film's ending.[af] In 1991 Marvel Comics adapted the film into a comic book, which was followed by expansions of the Terminator 2 narrative, including Malibu Comics's "Cybernetic Dawn" and "Nuclear Twilight" (1995–1996), Dynamite Entertainment's "Infinity" and "Revolution" (2007), and the T2 novel series by S. M. Stirling in the early 2000s.[195][196] Several video game adaptations of Terminator 2 were published, including a pinball machine and an arcade game in 1991. The arcade game was popular enough to be ported to home consoles as T2: The Arcade Game.[ag] Multiple studios developed widely differing adaptations for home consoles, includingTerminator 2 for Game Boy and Terminator 2 for the Nintendo Entertainment System (NES).[193] A later adaptation was developed for the Sega Genesis and Super Nintendo Entertainment System, and a different game was published for home computers.[193][197][200] Merchandise for Terminator 2: Judgment Day was estimated to have generated $400 million in sales.[119]

In 1996, T2-3D: Battle Across Time, a live-action attraction, was opened at Universal Studios Florida, and later at locations in Hollywood and Japan. The twenty-minute attraction was co-written and directed by Cameron and cost $60 million to produce, including live-action stunts and a $24 million, 12-minute, 3D film starring Schwarzenegger, Hamilton, Patrick, and Furlong as their in-world characters, making it the most-expensive film per minute produced of its time. In it, Sarah and John attempt to stop Cyberdyne, which has developed Skynet. They are confronted by the T-1000 but saved by the T-800, which returns to 2029 with John to defeat Skynet and its latest creation, the T-1000000.[201][202][203]

3D remaster edit

Main article: Terminator 2 3D remaster

Cameron oversaw a year-long 3D remaster and subsequent theatrical re-release of Terminator 2: Judgment Day in August 2017. Cameron said: "If you've never seen it, this'll be the version you want to see and remember".[204][205][206] Cameron made visual modifications to the film to fix errors that had bothered him, including the addition of windshield glass to the T-1000's truck, which fell out during its stunt fall and reappears in later scenes, concealing the obvious use of stuntmen for Furlong and Schwarzenegger during the same scene, concealed more of Patrick's nudity during his introduction, and brightened the visuals.[207] The 3D remaster's theatrical release was seen as a disappointment, earning about $562,000 in its debut across 386 theaters compared to the 3D re-release of Cameron's Titanic in 2012, which fetched $17 million.[208][209]

Themes and analysis edit

Themes edit

A central theme of Terminator 2: Judgment Day is the relationship between John Connor and the T-800 that serves as a surrogate for the father (Kyle Reese) he never knew. Cameron said: "Sure, there's going to be big, thunderous action sequences, but the heart of the movie is that relationship", comparing it with the Tin Man getting a heart in The Wizard of Oz.[4] As with Cameron's earlier film Aliens, Terminator 2 focuses on compassion and parental figures, depicting the T-800 as a relentless protector and father figure to John, against the equally relentless T-1000.[210] The T-800 is designed to emulate humans for infiltration purposes but as it grows and evolves, its emotions become real and it learns from John to feel grief. The T-800 chooses to sacrifice its life to ensure the survival of everyone else.[4][58][72] In 1991 essayist Robert Bly wrote elderly men were not offering suitable role models for young men, and in Terminator 2, Sarah denounces the many men in her past who failed to be a father for John, except for the T-800. Once its role is complete, the T-800 leaves John for his own good after stating it lacks the emotions John must rely on.[211]

While John teaches the T-800 about humanity, his biological mother Sarah has become less human because of her knowledge about the future. Cameron said: "She's a sad character—a tragic character ... she believes that everyone she meets, talks to, or interacts with will be dead very soon".[4][77] This theme of machine-like humans links with Cameron's and Wisher's choice to make the T-1000 appear as a police officer because thematically they believed it represents humans who should have empathy for others becoming more machine-like and detached from their emotions.[4][77] The SWAT team at Cyberdyne shoots Dyson, an African American, without warning. Cinephilia described Dyson as the most human character in the film, an intelligent, optimistic family man who represents real-world encounters between police forces and people of color, compared to their encounter with the Caucasian T-800, during which they warn him before opening fire.[19]

Following her escape from the state hospital, Sarah appears to embrace John but is actually checking him for injuries, forgoing any emotional attachment for the practicality of ensuring his survival and bringing about his destiny as a future leader.[33] The T-800 is portrayed as a better parent than Sarah, offering him undivided attention while Sarah remains distant and focused on the future rather than the present.[212] Philosophy professor Richard T. McClelland notes Sarah's acceptance of the T-800 as John's surrogate father is such that she leaves it in control of John when she leaves to kill Dyson.[213] Sarah's dream about the nuclear holocaust that will kill six billion people, including her son, incites her to kill Dyson before he can complete the work that will bring about Skynet but when the moment comes, she is unable to fully forsake her humanity and murder him with no emotion. Cameron described this as a question of humanity's worth if we abandon it to win the battle for its existence.[4][72] Compared to the bleak, nihilistic theme of the first film, Terminator 2 emphasizes the concept of free will and the value of human life. Schwarzenegger quoted the film's line "no fate but what we make", saying people have control over their own destinies.[4][54]

Terminator 2 also comments on the use of violence. On its release, reviewers were critical of Terminator 2: Judgment Day's message about preserving peace through violence. Owen Gleiberman stated "reckless indifference" to human life is intrinsic to the film but the T-800 maiming people rather than killing them potentially condemns victims of violence to a life of pain.[ah] Cameron described the film as the "world's most violent anti-war movie", and said it is about people struggling with their own violent natures.[72][77] In particular, Cameron had been concerned by the original antagonist T-800's status as a cultural icon and power fantasy as a lethal, unstoppable force of strength and power, and chose to redefine it in Terminator 2, retaining the power fantasy without taking lives.[72] Cinephilia said it is not morally possible to recover from killing people so Terminator 2 is about redeeming the T-800 and Sarah.[19]

Analysis edit

According to Professor Jeffrey A. Brown, there was a growth of female-led action films in the wake of Aliens's success. Brown believes this reflected the increase in more women assuming non-traditional roles and the division between professional critics—who perceive a masculinization of the female hero—and audiences who embrace characters regardless of gender.[214] The hyper-masculine heroes played by Schwarzenegger, Stallone, and Jean-Claude Van Damme were replaced with independent women who are capable of defending themselves and defeating villains in films such as Terminator 2 and The Silence of the Lambs.[215] Brown said these female characters often perform stereotypical male actions and have muscular physiques rather than feminine, "soft" bodies.[216] He considers Hamilton's undershirt to be symbolic of typically male action heroes such as John McClane and John Rambo, as well as women displaying masculine traits such as Rachel McLish in Aces: Iron Eagle III (1992).[217]

Despite the emphasis on strong femininity, Hamilton's character remains secondary to Schwarzenegger's. Sarah's efforts to defeat the T-1000 fall short until the last-minute intervention of the T-800. Author Victoria Warren said this allows the female character to be strong enough to be admired but not strong enough to undermine the male protagonist's masculinity.[218] Professors Amanda Fernbach and Thomas B. Byers said the rigid form of the T-800 represents reactionary masculinity that is in direct opposition to the gender-bending T-1000, which represents a post-modern, fluid nature that is outside traditional norms and in opposition to patriarchy and the preservation of the traditional family.[219]

Author Mark Duckenfield said Terminator 2: Judgment Day can be seen as an unintended allegory for the decline of United States industries against successful Japanese technology firms with the cutting-edge T-1000 representing Japan against the older, less-advanced T-800. The U.S. industries, which were sometimes seen as villains during the economic boom of the 1980s, are seen as more sympathetic in the face of obsolescence, just as the T-800 is presented as friendlier and still powerful but no longer overwhelmingly so. Duckenfield considers the final scene, which takes place in a steel mill—a place of American industry—symbolic.[220] According to Warren, Terminator 2 reflects Cold War American values that emphasized principles of American culture, in particular individualism and rejection of government intervention. The institutions the film's protagonists should be able to rely on, such as the government, the police, and technology, are the ones attempting to stop them because they do not believe in the protagonists' doomsday prophecy.[221]

Legacy edit

Cultural influence edit

 
Waxwork of the T-800 at Madame Tussauds, London

Terminator 2 is considered a highly influential film, setting a benchmark for sequels, action set pieces, and visual effects.[ai] Cameron and special-effects supervisor Dennis Muren said the groundbreaking special effects in Terminator 2 demonstrated the possibilities of computer generated effects and without it, effects-focused films such as Jurassic Park (1993) would not have been possible.[aj] Various publications have referenced Terminator 2's influence on special effects, describing it as the most important special-effects film since Tron (1982), and began the era of reliance on CGI effects for films such as Jurassic Park and The Matrix (1999).[ak] In 2007 the Visual Effects Society, an entertainment-industry organization of visual effects practitioners, named Terminator 2 as the 14th-most-influential visual-effects film of all time, and the T-1000 is listed by Guinness World Records as the "first major blockbuster movie character generated using computers".[229][230][231] According to The Guardian, the film's "groundbreaking" effects led to "CGI laziness", a reliance on computer graphics over practical effects, stunts, and craft.[91] A 2014 Entertainment Weekly article said Terminator 2 contributed to the contemporary Hollywood high-budget, science fiction epic film, and a reliance on turning films into franchises targeted at young audiences and broad demographics.[222][223] Den of Geek described it as one of the most influential blockbusters since the thriller Jaws (1975).[54] Several filmmakers and creative leads have named it as an influence on their work, including Steven Caple Jr.,[232] Ryan Coogler,[233] Kevin Feige,[234] and Hideo Kojima.[235]

With a $94–102 million budget, Terminator 2: Judgment Day was the most expensive movie made in its time,[al] and, as of 2023, it remains Schwarzenegger's highest-grossing film.[236] Alongside her appearance in The Terminator, Hamilton's Sarah Connor became regarded as one of the greatest and most-influential cinematic female action heroes[am] and an iconic character.[an] Patrick's T-1000 is considered one of the most iconic cinematic villains.[ao] He made cameo appearances as the T-1000 in Wayne's World (1992) and Schwarzenegger's Last Action Hero (1993).[61][247][253] In Last Action Hero, Stallone replaces Schwarzenegger as the T-800 on the Terminator 2 poster.[254] The T-800's line "Hasta la vista, baby" is considered an iconic piece of movie dialogue that is often quoted. Schwarzenegger also used it in speeches during his political career.[ap] Terminator 2: Judgment Day has been referenced in a variety of media, including television, films, and video games.[aq] The biker bar scene was recreated for a 2015 advertisement, which featured Schwarzenegger, for the video game WWE 2K16—the bar patrons were replaced with WWE wrestlers.[267] In 2023, the United States Library of Congress selected Terminator 2: Judgment Day to be preserved in the National Film Registry for being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".[268]

Retrospective assessments edit

Since its release, Terminator 2: Judgment Day has been assessed as one of the best action,[ar] science fiction,[as] and sequel films ever made.[at] Terminator 2 and The Terminator are generally considered as the standout films in the Terminator franchise, with each taking turns in the top spot.[au] Some publications have listed Terminator 2 among the greatest films made.[291][292]

In 2001 the American Film Institute (AFI) ranked Terminator 2 number 77 on its 100 Years ... 100 Thrills list, recognizing the "most heart-pounding movies",[293] and the 2003 list of the 100 Best Heroes & Villains ranked the T-800 character as the forty-eighth-best hero.[294] The 2005 list of the 100 Best Movie Quotes listed the T-800 dialog line "Hasta la vista, baby" as the 76th-best quotation,[295] and the 2008 AFI's 10 Top 10 named Terminator 2 as the eighth-best science fiction film.[296] To mark Schwarzenegger's 75th birthday in 2022, Variety listed Terminator 2: Judgment Day as the best film in his 46-year career.[297]

Review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes offers a 92% approval rating from the aggregated reviews of 84 critics, with an average score of 8.5/10. The website's critical consensus says: "T2 features thrilling action sequences and eye-popping visual effects, but what takes this sci-fi/action landmark to the next level is the depth of the human (and cyborg) characters".[298] The film has a score of 75 out of 100 on Metacritic based on 22 critics' reviews, indicating "generally favorable reviews".[299] During Terminator 2's 30th anniversary in 2021, Cameron, among others, said despite using older models of cars, the film's visuals still compare well with contemporary films.[4][300] Cameron also said Terminator 2 remains relevant because artificial intelligence had become a ubiquitous reality rather than a fantasy.[4] In 2006 Terminator 2 was listed at number 32 on Film4's 50 Films to See Before You Die list,[301] and is included in the film reference book 1001 Movies You Must See Before You Die.[302] Rotten Tomatoes lists it as one of 300 essential movies and at number 123 on its list of 200 essential movies.[303][304] Popular Mechanics and Rolling Stone jointly listed it alongside The Terminator as the third-best time travel film ever made.[305][306] Rolling Stone's reader-voted list of the best sequels ranks Terminator 2 second behind The Godfather Part II (1974),[307] and Empire readers ranked the film 17th on its 2017 "100 Greatest Movies" list.[308]

Sequels edit

Main article: Terminator (franchise)

Cameron said he had no intentions for further sequels, believing Terminator 2 "brings the story full circle and ends. And I think ending it at this point is a good idea". Wisher and Cameron wrote the script with the intention of leaving no option for a sequel.[309][310] Even so, four sequels followed: Terminator 3: Rise of the Machines (2003), Terminator Salvation (2009), Terminator Genisys (2015), and Terminator: Dark Fate (2019), though none replicated the successes of The Terminator or Terminator 2.[140][311]

Schwarzenegger returned for all but Terminator Salvation, while Cameron and Hamilton returned only for Dark Fate, a direct sequel to the events of Terminator 2.[312] Although better critically received than other post-Terminator 2 sequels, Dark Fate is also considered a failure. Analysts blamed audience disinterest on the diminishing quality of the series since Terminator 2, and repeated attempts to reboot the series.[av] Fans also criticized Dark Fate's opening scene, in which a T-800 kills Furlong's teenage John Connor. Entertainment website Collider wrote this retroactively damages the ending of Terminator 2.[312][314] A television series, Terminator: The Sarah Connor Chronicles (2008–2009), also takes place after the events of Terminator 2, and ignores the events in sequels Terminator 3 and beyond.[315][316]

Notes edit

  1. ^ Also promoted and abbreviated as T2[1][2]
  2. ^ As depicted in The Terminator (1984)
  3. ^ Attributed to multiple references:[24][25][26]
  4. ^ Attributed to multiple references:[28][29][30][31]
  5. ^ Attributed to multiple references:[38][39][40][41]
  6. ^ Attributed to multiple references:[4][46][47][48]
  7. ^ Attributed to multiple references:[4][32][52][37]
  8. ^ Attributed to multiple references:[58][59][60][61]
  9. ^ Attributed to multiple references:[4][14][26][67][68]
  10. ^ Attributed to multiple references:[23][69][71][73]
  11. ^ Attributed to multiple references:[71][73][82][83]
  12. ^ Attributed to multiple references:[4][26][32][48][86][87][88][89]
  13. ^ The 1991 budget of $94–102 million is equivalent to $202 million–219 million in 2022.
  14. ^ Attributed to multiple references:[26][90][91][92]
  15. ^ Attributed to multiple references:[2][4][53][86][109][110]
  16. ^ Attributed to multiple references:[116][123][124][125][126]
  17. ^ Attributed to multiple references:[4][104][136][137]
  18. ^ The 1991 box office gross of $519–$520.9 million is equivalent to $1.12 billion–$1.12 billion in 2022.
  19. ^ Attributed to multiple references:[4][14][136][139][140]
  20. ^ Attributed to multiple references:[141][142][143][144][145][146][147][148]
  21. ^ Attributed to multiple references:[141][144][149][150]
  22. ^ Attributed to multiple references:[141][144][145][147][151][152]
  23. ^ Attributed to multiple references:[142][143][146][150][152]
  24. ^ Attributed to multiple references:[143][148][149][151]
  25. ^ Attributed to multiple references:[142][143][144][145][148][149]
  26. ^ Attributed to multiple references:[141][142][143][144][149]
  27. ^ Attributed to multiple references:[142][144][145][147]
  28. ^ Attributed to multiple references:[146][147][152][153]
  29. ^ Attributed to multiple references:[142][144][145][150]
  30. ^ Attributed to multiple references:[165][166][167][168][169]
  31. ^ Attributed to multiple references:[173][174][175][176][177][178]
  32. ^ Attributed to multiple references:[2][109][192][193][194]
  33. ^ Attributed to multiple references:[193][197][198][199]
  34. ^ Attributed to multiple references:[141][143][144][145][147][151][152]
  35. ^ Attributed to multiple references:[4][222][223][224][225]
  36. ^ Attributed to multiple references:[4][91][226][227][55]
  37. ^ Attributed to multiple references:[1][53][54][58][228]
  38. ^ Attributed to multiple references:[4][43][55][91]
  39. ^ Attributed to multiple references:[58][237][238][239][240][241]
  40. ^ Attributed to multiple references:[4][242][241][243][244][245][246]
  41. ^ Attributed to multiple references:[247][248][249][250][251][252]
  42. ^ Attributed to multiple references:[4][36][255][256]
  43. ^ Attributed to multiple references:[257][258][259][260][261][262][263][264][265][266]
  44. ^ Attributes to multiple references:[1][226][227][269][270][271][272]
  45. ^ Attributes to multiple references:[227][273][274][275][276][277][278][279][280]
  46. ^ Attributes to multiple references:[227][281][282][283]
  47. ^ Attributes to multiple references:[246][284][285][273][1][227][283][286][287][288][289][290]
  48. ^ Attributed to multiple references:[313][311][312][314]

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January 20, 2024
terminator, judgment, 1991, american, science, fiction, action, film, directed, james, cameron, wrote, script, with, william, wisher, starring, arnold, schwarzenegger, linda, hamilton, robert, patrick, edward, furlong, sequel, terminator, 1984, second, install. Terminator 2 Judgment Day a is a 1991 American science fiction action film directed by James Cameron who co wrote the script with William Wisher Starring Arnold Schwarzenegger Linda Hamilton Robert Patrick and Edward Furlong it is the sequel to The Terminator 1984 and is the second installment in the Terminator franchise In the film the malevolent artificial intelligence Skynet sends a Terminator a highly advanced killing machine back in time to 1995 to kill the future leader of the human resistance John Connor when he is a child The resistance sends back a less advanced reprogrammed Terminator to protect Connor and ensure the future of humanity Terminator 2 Judgment DayTheatrical release posterDirected byJames CameronWritten byJames Cameron William WisherProduced byJames CameronStarringArnold Schwarzenegger Linda Hamilton Robert PatrickCinematographyAdam GreenbergEdited byConrad Buff Mark Goldblatt Richard A HarrisMusic byBrad FiedelProductioncompaniesCarolco Pictures Pacific Western Productions Lightstorm Entertainment Le Studio Canal Distributed byTri Star PicturesRelease datesJuly 1 1991 1991 07 01 Century City July 3 1991 1991 07 03 United States Running time137 minutesCountryUnited StatesLanguageEnglishBudget 94 102 millionBox office 519 520 9 millionThe Terminator was considered a significant success enhancing Schwarzenegger s and Cameron s careers but work on a sequel stalled because of animosity between the pair and Hemdale Film Corporation which partially owned the film s rights In 1990 Schwarzenegger and Cameron persuaded Carolco Pictures to purchase the rights from The Terminator producer Gale Anne Hurd and Hemdale which was financially struggling A release date was set for the following year leaving Cameron and Wisher seven weeks to write the script Principal photography began from October 1990 to March 1991 taking place in and around Los Angeles on an estimated 94 102 million budget making it the most expensive film made at the time The advanced visual effects by Industrial Light amp Magic ILM which include the first use of a computer generated main character in a blockbuster film resulted in a schedule overrun Theatrical prints were not delivered to theaters until the night before the picture s release on July 3 1991 Terminator 2 was a critical and commercial success grossing 519 520 9 million at the box office to become the highest grossing film of 1991 worldwide and the third highest grossing film of its time The film won several accolades including Saturn BAFTA and Academy awards Terminator 2 merchandise includes video games comic books novels and T2 3D Battle Across Time a live action attraction Terminator 2 is considered one of the best science fiction action and sequel films ever made It is also seen as a major influence on visual effects in films helping usher in the transition from practical effects to reliance on computer generated imagery The United States Library of Congress selected it for preservation in the National Film Registry in 2023 Although Cameron intended for Terminator 2 to be the end of the franchise it was followed by a series of sequels including Terminator 3 Rise of the Machines 2003 Terminator Salvation 2009 Terminator Genisys 2015 and Terminator Dark Fate 2019 as well as a 2008 television series Contents 1 Plot 2 Cast 3 Production 3 1 Development 3 2 Writing 3 3 Casting 3 4 Filming 3 5 Post production 3 6 Special effects and design 3 7 Music 4 Release 4 1 Context 4 2 Marketing and promotion 4 3 Box office 5 Reception 5 1 Critical response 5 2 Accolades 6 Post release 6 1 Aftermath 6 2 Home media 6 3 Other media 6 4 3D remaster 7 Themes and analysis 7 1 Themes 7 2 Analysis 8 Legacy 8 1 Cultural influence 8 2 Retrospective assessments 9 Sequels 10 Notes 11 References 11 1 Citations 11 2 Works cited 11 2 1 Journals 11 2 2 Magazines 12 External linksPlot editIn 2029 Earth has been ravaged by the war between the malevolent artificial intelligence Skynet and the human resistance Skynet sends the T 1000 an advanced prototype shape shifting Terminator made of virtually indestructible liquid metal back in time to kill resistance leader John Connor when he is a child To protect Connor the resistance sends back a reprogrammed T 800 Terminator a less advanced metal endoskeleton covered in synthetic flesh In 1995 Los Angeles John s mother Sarah is incarcerated in Pescadero State Hospital for her violent efforts to prevent Judgment Day the prophesied events of August 29 1997 when Skynet will gain sentience and in response to its creators attempts to deactivate it incite a nuclear holocaust John living with foster parents considers Sarah delusional and resents her efforts to prepare him for his future role The T 1000 locates John in a shopping mall but the T 800 intervenes coming to John s aid and enabling his escape John calls to warn his foster parents but the T 800 deduces the T 1000 has already killed them Realizing the T 800 is programmed to obey him John forbids it from killing people and orders it to save Sarah from the T 1000 The T 800 and John intercept Sarah during an escape attempt but Sarah flees in horror because the T 800 resembles the Terminator sent to kill her in 1984 b John and the T 800 persuade her to join them and they escape the pursuing T 1000 Although distrustful of the T 800 Sarah uses its knowledge of the future to learn that a revolutionary microprocessor being developed by Cyberdyne engineer Miles Dyson will be crucial to Skynet s creation Over the course of their journey Sarah sees the T 800 serving as a friend and father figure to John who teaches it catchphrases and hand signs while encouraging it to become more human like Sarah plans to escape to Mexico with John but a nightmare about Judgment Day convinces her to kill Dyson She attacks Dyson in his home but realizes she cannot kill a person and relents John arrives and reconciles with Sarah while the T 800 convinces Dyson of the future consequences of his work Dyson reveals his research has been reverse engineered from the CPU and severed arm of the 1984 Terminator Believing his work must be destroyed Dyson aids Sarah John and the T 800 to break into Cyberdyne retrieve the CPU and the arm and set explosives to destroy the lab The police assault the building and fatally shoot Dyson but he detonates the explosives as he dies The T 1000 pursues the surviving trio cornering them in a steel mill Sarah and John split up to escape while the T 1000 mangles the T 800 and briefly deactivates it by destroying its power source The T 1000 assumes Sarah s appearance to lure out John but Sarah intervenes and along with the reactivated T 800 pushes it into a vat of molten steel where it disintegrates The T 800 explains it must also be destroyed to prevent it from serving as a foundation for Skynet Despite John s tearful protests the T 800 persuades him its destruction is the only way to protect their future Sarah shakes the T 800 s hand and having come to respect it lowers it into the vat The T 800 gives John a thumbs up as it is incinerated As Sarah drives down a highway with John she reflects on her renewed hope for an unknown future musing if the T 800 could learn the value of life so can humanity Cast editSee also List of Terminator characters nbsp nbsp nbsp Left to right Arnold Schwarzenegger pictured in 2003 Linda Hamilton 2009 and Robert Patrick 2014 Arnold Schwarzenegger as the Terminator a reprogrammed Model 101 Series 800 T 800 Terminator that is composed of human tissue over a metal endoskeleton 3 Linda Hamilton as Sarah Connor a self trained soldier who is dedicated to preventing the rise of Skynet 4 Edward Furlong as John Connor Sarah s son who is destined to lead the human resistance in opposition to Skynet 5 Robert Patrick as T 1000 an advanced shape shifting prototype Terminator that is composed of liquid metal 6 Earl Boen as Dr Peter Silberman Sarah s doctor at Pescadero State Hospital 7 8 9 Joe Morton as Miles Bennett Dyson Director of special projects at Cyberdyne Systems Corporation 10 11 The film s cast also includes Jenette Goldstein and Xander Berkeley as John s foster parents Janelle and Todd Voight 12 Castulo Guerra as Sarah s friend Enrique Salceda S Epatha Merkerson and DeVaughn Nixon as Dyson s wife Tarissa and son Danny 13 14 and Danny Cooksey as John s friend Tim 15 Hamilton s twin sister Leslie Hamilton Gearren appears as the T 1000 impersonating Sarah when Hamilton is also on screen Twins Don and Dan Stanton portray a guard at Pescadero State Hospital and the T 1000 imitating him 4 13 16 Other cast members includes Ken Gibbel as an abusive orderly 17 Robert Winley Ron Young Charles Robert Brown and Pete Schrum as men who confront the T 800 in a biker bar Abdul Salaam El Razzac as Gibbons a Cyberdyne guard and Dean Norris as the SWAT team leader 13 14 Michael Edwards portrays the John Connor of 2029 and Hamilton s infant son Dalton Abbott portrays John in a dream sequence 5 13 18 Co writer William Wisher cameos as a man photographing the T 800 in the mall 19 and Michael Biehn reprises his role as resistance soldier Kyle Reese in scenes that were removed from the theatrical release 20 Production editDevelopment edit nbsp Director James Cameron in 2016The Terminator had been a surprise hit earning 78 4 million against its 6 4 million budget confirming Schwarzenegger s status as a lead actor and establishing James Cameron as a mainstream director 4 Schwarzenegger expressed interest in a sequel saying I always felt we should continue the story I told Cameron that right after we finished the first film 21 Cameron said Schwarzenegger had always been more enthusiastic about a sequel than he was because Cameron considered the original a complete story 22 23 Discussions to make a sequel stalled until 1989 in part owing to Cameron s work on other films such as Aliens 1986 and The Abyss 1989 but also because of a dispute with rights holder Hemdale Film Corporation 4 19 24 Hemdale co founder John Daly had attempted to alter the ending of The Terminator against Cameron s wishes nearly resulting in a physical confrontation A sequel could not be made without Hemdale s approval as Cameron had surrendered 50 of his rights to the company to get The Terminator made Cameron had also sold half of the remaining stake to his ex wife Gale Anne Hurd producer and co writer on the first film for 1 following their 1989 divorce c By 1990 Hemdale was being sued by Cameron Schwarzenegger Hurd and special effects artist Stan Winston for unpaid profits from The Terminator 24 Schwarzenegger aware Hemdale was experiencing financial difficulties convinced Carolco Pictures to purchase the film rights to The Terminator having worked with the independent film studio on the big budget science fiction film Total Recall 1990 4 25 26 Owner Mario Kassar described the rights acquisition as the most difficult deal Carolco ever conducted He accepted a 10 million offer for Hemdale s share considering it a sum fabricated to ward him off and paid Hurd 5 million for her share Prior to development the total cost of the acquisition rose to 17 million after factoring in incidental costs 4 26 27 Kassar told Cameron that in order to recoup his investment the film would proceed with or without him and offered Cameron 6 million to be involved and write the script 4 The film would become a collaboration between several production studios Carolco Le Studio Canal Cameron s Lightstorm Entertainment and Hurd s Pacific Western Productions d The studio also had an existing U S distribution deal with TriStar Pictures 26 32 which stipulated that the film be ready for release by May 27 1991 Memorial Day 33 Writing edit With a scheduled release date Cameron had six to seven weeks to write the sequel He approached his frequent collaborator and The Terminator co writer William Wisher in March 1990 4 19 33 They spent two weeks developing a film treatment based on Cameron s vision to form a relationship between John Connor and the T 800 a concept Wisher believed was a joke 22 33 Their treatment diverged from the science fiction slasher theme of the original focusing on the unconventional family bond formed between Sarah John and the T 800 Cameron said this relationship is the heart of the movie comparing it to the Tin Man receiving a heart in The Wizard of Oz 1939 4 Cameron s concept featured Skynet and the resistance each sending a T 800 both played by Schwarzenegger into the past one to kill John and the other to protect him Wisher believed a fight between two identical Terminators would be boring 4 34 The pair briefly considered a larger Super Terminator but found it uninteresting and adopted an early idea Cameron had for The Terminator a liquid metal Terminator resembling an average sized human in contrast to Schwarzenegger s large frame 34 The first half of their concept concluded with the destruction of Skynet s T 800 forcing it to use the T 1000 its ultimate weapon 4 Although he once considered removing the T 1000 altogether Cameron solidified it as the only antagonist Cameron and Wisher had the T 1000 take on the appearance of a police officer allowing it to operate with less suspicion 4 35 Wisher found it challenging to depict the T 800 as good without making it non threatening at the same time 35 The pair decided to give it the ability to learn and develop emotions becoming more human over time 35 They kept the T 800 s dialogue brief relying on the audience to infer a lot of meaning through small bites 4 Its catchphrase Hasta la vista baby was something Wisher and Cameron said after their telephone calls 4 36 Wisher developed the first half of the treatment at Cameron s home over the course of four weeks while Cameron worked on the latter half 33 34 37 Many pages were removed including a convoluted subplot about Dyson and a massacre of a camp of survivalists helping Sarah Cameron who did not consider the budget while writing had to cut some elaborate scenes including a nine minute opening that showed a time travel machine being used in 2029 e Wisher and Cameron also frequently conferred with special effects studio Industrial Light amp Magic ILM to determine which ideas were achievable 33 Cameron and Wisher analyzed the first film to help envision each character s development and evolution Cameron believed Sarah s knowledge of the future would isolate her forcing her to associate with survivalists and become a self sufficient commando 4 She was written to have become an emotionally cold and distant character comparable to a Terminator especially when deciding to go after Dyson 4 Instead of beginning the story with Sarah John is placed with a foster family to increase tension 35 42 John s character was inspired by the 1985 Sting song Russians with Cameron recalling I remember sitting there once high on E I was struck by the lyrics I hope the Russians love their children too And I thought The idea of a nuclear war is just so antithetical to life itself That s where John came from 4 They spent three days refining the script before flying to Cannes where Terminator 2 was announced in early May 1990 4 33 43 Schwarzenegger initially struggled with portions of the script once asking What is polyalloy He also expressed concern about his character s non lethal depiction which conflicted with his action hero persona and portrayal of the character in The Terminator Cameron explained he wanted to defy audience expectations Schwarzenegger requested Just make me cool 4 Casting edit nbsp nbsp Left to right Edward Furlong pictured in 2009 and Joe Morton 2019 Schwarzenegger became interested in reprising his role after finding the character more complex and sympathetic than in the previous film 44 45 To accurately portray a fearless and emotionless machine he trained extensively with stunt coordinator Joel Kramer to remain unaffected by fire and explosions around him Schwarzenegger earned 12 15 million for his involvement f Carolco had been blamed for the increase in exorbitant salaries paid to actors having paid Schwarzenegger around 11 million for Total Recall 1990 They justified the expense as the value of their leads wide appeal in markets outside the U S 26 49 50 To lessen the immediate financial burden Carolco paid most of Schwarzenegger s salary with a financed 12 75 million Gulfstream III jet 26 32 51 Cameron refused to re cast Hamilton s role but developed plans to work around her absence if she chose not to return Negotiations were protracted but concluded promptly after Cameron informed Carolco the script could not be finished until he knew if Hamilton would be involved 4 Hamilton received roughly 1 million which she described as quite a bit more than her earnings for The Terminator but expressed disappointment at the pay disparity between her and Schwarzenegger g Hamilton requested Sarah exhibit a crazy demeanor explaining that after years of living with the impending doom of humanity she believed Sarah would have transformed into an untamed entity a warrior combined with a psychologically unstable woman 4 19 She continued The T 800 is a better human than I am and I m a better Terminator than he is 45 Cameron considered giving the character a facial scar but determined that applying it daily would be difficult 53 Hamilton undertook extensive preparation for her role working with a personal trainer for three hours a day six days a week and maintaining a strict low fat diet losing about 12 pounds 5 4 kg of body weight 4 14 18 She also received judo and military training from former Israeli commando Uziel Gal 4 14 18 Between training filming and spending time with her infant son Dalton Hamilton averaged only four hours of sleep per day 18 She described her experience as sheer hell but enjoyed showing off her new physique 4 18 Hamilton s twin sister Leslie was also cast in scenes where two versions of Sarah appear on screen simultaneously 18 Patrick who was living in his car was one of several actors in their late 20s considered for the T 1000 role Cameron wanted a lithe actor resembling a newly recruited police officer to contrast with Schwarzenegger According to Cameron If the T 800 series is a kind of human Panzer tank then the T 1000 series had to be a Porsche 4 54 55 Casting director Mali Finn believed Patrick had the intense presence they wanted Patrick auditioned by acting like an emotionless hunter and later participated in a screen test to judge the way lighting worked with his skin and eyes 4 56 57 For his character he drew inspiration from Schwarzenegger s performance in The Terminator and observed hunting creatures reptiles insects cats and sharks Patrick s facial expressions were based on those of an eagle keeping his head tilted down to imply constant forward movement h He also employed a mixture of military posture with martial arts to express a fluid motion that differed from the T 800 s rigid movements 62 The role demanded Patrick be lean and fast requiring peak physical shape 56 He learned to sprint without displaying heavy breathing and exhaustion and received specialized training from Gal 56 57 60 Weapons master Harry Lu taught Patrick to operate and reload weapons such as the T 1000 s Beretta 92FS without looking and eventually without blinking 56 Singer Billy Idol was originally cast for the role before seriously injuring his leg in a motorcycle crash In a 2021 retrospective Cameron said Idol had an interesting aesthetic but in hindsight he probably would not have cast him 4 56 63 Singer Blackie Lawless of the rock band W A S P was also considered but deemed too tall 58 Furlong among hundreds of other prospects secured the role at his last audition Cameron believed that early candidates for the role of John Connor were either overexposed in other media or came from advertisement backgrounds which trained them to be happy and perky Furlong had no acting experience and was discovered by Finn at the Boys amp Girls Club in Pasadena Cameron described Furlong as having a surliness an intelligence just a question of pulling it out 4 He was required to take acting lessons learn Spanish and be able to ride a motorcycle and repair guns 64 65 Joe Morton believed his casting as Miles Dyson had to do with Cameron wanting a minority character to be integral to the changing of the world 11 Morton avoided interacting with the cast so that their on screen relationships would seem believably distant 4 The role of Dyson was reduced after the preferred casting choice Denzel Washington declined it because the role mainly required him to act scared 40 Filming edit nbsp The intersection in Bull Creek spillway North Hills pictured in 2018 from which the T 1000 crashes into the flood control channel belowThe planned three months of pre production was reduced to meet the release schedule leaving Cameron without the time he wanted to prepare all aspects before filming began 14 66 Over a week he spent several hours each day choreographing vehicle scenes with toy cars and trucks filming the results and printing the footage for storyboard artists 19 There was no time to properly test practical effects before filming so if effects did not work the filmmakers had to work around them 66 Principal photography began on October 8 9 1990 with a 60 million budget i Scenes were filmed out of sequence to prioritize those requiring extensive visual effects Schwarzenegger found this difficult because he was meant to convey subtle signs of the T 800 s progressive humanity and was unsure what was fitting for each scene 25 45 Cinematographer Adam Greenberg who also worked on The Terminator described the greater scope of the sequel as the most daunting prospect Where he had been able to shout instructions to his crew on the original film he used one of 187 walkie talkies to conduct efforts over an expansive area 69 The production was arduous in part because of Cameron who was known for his short temper and uncompromising dictatorial manner The crew made T shirts bearing the slogan You can t scare me I work for Jim Cameron 70 Schwarzenegger described him as a supportive but demanding taskmaster with a fanaticism for physical and visual detail 4 39 Even so by the 101st day of filming Schwarzenegger and Hamilton were frustrated by the high number of takes Cameron performed spending five days just on close ups of Hamilton in the Dyson home 19 To stay on schedule Cameron worked through Christmas and persuaded Schwarzenegger to cancel a visit to American troops in Saudi Arabia with U S President George H W Bush to film his scenes 19 nbsp The interior of Kaiser Steel mill in Fontana California c 1949 served as the location of the film s ending The production filmed in many locations in and around Los Angeles 4 The now destroyed Corral bar in Sylmar is where the T 800 confronts a group of bikers Location manager Jim Morris chose Corral because it was raised above ground allowing the scene to take place over different levels 71 The 1991 police beating of Rodney King took place at the same location a week after filming being captured on the same videotape a spectator used to capture the filming of the biker bar scenes 72 On one occasion a woman who was oblivious to ongoing filming walked into the bar When she asked Schwarzenegger who was wearing only a pair of shorts what was going on he replied It s male stripper night 19 73 Executives suggested cutting the scene to save money but Cameron and Schwarzenegger refused 74 The T 1000 arriving in 1995 was filmed at the Sixth Street Viaduct and John hacking an ATM at a bank in Van Nuys His foster parents residence is situated in the Canoga Park neighborhood deliberately chosen for its generic appearance The Terminators confronting John takes place inside Santa Monica Place mall although exterior shots were captured at Northridge Fashion Center because there was less traffic 71 In the subsequent scene Patrick s training allowed him to outrun John on his dirtbike so the bike s maximum speed was increased 56 58 The T 1000 continues its pursuit using a truck in a scene filmed at the Bull Creek spillway 4 71 Other locations include the Lake View Terrace hospital standing in as Pescadero State Hospital and the Petersen Automotive Museum used as its garage 71 In a 2012 interview Hamilton said she suffered permanent partial hearing loss after not wearing earplugs during the hospital elevator scene where the T 800 fires a gun as well as shell shock from months of exposure to violence loud noise and gunfire 75 Elysian Park serves as the site of Sarah s apocalyptic dream and scenes at the Dyson home were captured at a private property in Malibu 71 The Cyberdyne Building s destruction was filmed at an abandoned office in San Jose scheduled for demolition To bring a heightened sense of authenticity real members of the Los Angeles Police Department s SWAT division were featured in the scene although Cameron embellished their tactics to be visually interesting 39 In a spontaneous decision during Morton s death scene Cameron opted to detonate nearby glass to examine its visual impact 4 19 The final highway chase was filmed along the Terminal Island Freeway near Long Beach of which a 2 5 mile 4 0 km stretch was closed to traffic every night for two weeks 39 71 Scenes set during the future war of 2029 were filmed in the rubble of an abandoned steel mill in Oxnard California in a one half square mile 1 3 km2 space that was enhanced with burned bicycles and cars from a 1989 fire at the Universal Studios Lot Terminator 2 s ending was filmed in the closed Kaiser Steel mill in Fontana which Greenberg made appear operational mainly through lighting techniques Despite appearing to be actively smelting steel the mill was frigid and dangerous because of the moving machinery and high catwalks j The T 800 s thumbs up during his death was added during filming Hamilton considered it too sentimental 4 76 Six months of filming concluded on March 28 1991 about three weeks behind schedule 14 21 77 Post production edit Terminator 2 was edited by Conrad Buff IV Richard A Harris and Mark Goldblatt who said although there was more time to edit than on The Terminator it was still relatively small given the greater scope of the sequel They described the complexity of scenes such as the final battle between the Terminators which required a seamless combination of live action practical effect shots and CGI 78 After having to rush editing at the end of The Abyss Cameron limited filming on Terminator 2 to five days a week so he could help edit the film on weekends from the start of filming 43 Several scenes were deleted in part to reduce its running time These include Kyle Reese appearing to Sarah in a dream and encouraging her to continue fighting 20 Sarah being beaten in the hospital 79 the T 1000 killing John s dog a scene the animal loving Patrick was not a fan of 56 80 John teaching the T 800 to smile and discussing whether it fears death the T 1000 malfunctioning after being frozen in the steel mill and additional scenes with Dyson s family 79 81 Schwarzenegger unsuccessfully rallied to retain his favorite scene in which John and Sarah modify the T 800 s CPU allowing it to learn and evolve Sarah attempts to destroy the CPU but John defends the T 800 The scene was replaced with dialogue indicating the T 800 already possesses the ability to learn 4 79 80 The scripted ending depicted an alternative 2029 that was filmed at the Los Angeles Arboretum in Arcadia in which an aged Sarah narrates how Skynet was never created while John now a US Senator plays with his daughter in a Washington D C playground To make the film more evocative and memorable Cameron changed this scene to one in which the characters look out at the road ahead k The production ran until about two days before the film s theatrical release Delays were mainly caused by the rendering of shots at Consolidated Film Industries the most difficult of which was the T 1000 s death Co producer Stephanie Austin said the production crew worked twenty four hour shifts and slept on site The 137 minute long release print was delivered to theaters the night before its release 33 84 There were two private pre release screenings one for family friends and crew at Skywalker Ranch and another in Los Angeles for studio executives Austin said People were stamping their feet and clapping for ten or fifteen minutes at which point the crew knew they had succeeded 33 During test screenings the ending was well received and was described as a touching favorite scene 4 The minimum estimated cost to produce Terminator 2 had been 60 million dwarfing the budget of the first film 4 26 77 Cameron and Schwarzenegger said the final budget excluding marketing was about 70 million and the cost of making the film was about 51 million 77 85 According to Carolco executives Peter Hoffman and Roger Smith the film cost 75 million before marketing saying Terminator 2 was only modestly over budget Including marketing and other costs the film s total budget is reported to be between 94 million and 102 million l m Kassar said he had secured 110 of the budget from advances and guarantees of 91 million including North American television 7 million and home video 10 million rights and 61 million from theatrical home video and television rights outside the U S 26 32 85 The distribution deal with TriStar Pictures earned it a set percentage of the budget an estimated 4 million 26 32 News sources labelled Terminator 2 the most expensive independent film ever and predicted it would bankrupt Carolco 4 26 Special effects and design edit Main article Special effects of Terminator 2 Judgment Day source source source source The visual effects used were highly advanced for the time such as combining CGI and prosthetics to demonstrate the T 1000 s shapeshifting ability 0 20 A 10 month schedule and about 15 17 million of Terminator 2 s budget was allocated to the entirety of its special effects including 5 million for the T 1000 alone and a further 1 million for stunts at the time one of the largest ever stunt budgets n Four main companies were involved in creating the 150 visual effects ILM under special effects supervisor Dennis Muren managed the computer generated imagery CGI effects Stan Winston Studio the prosthetics and animatronics Fantasy II Film Effects developed miniatures and optical effects and 4 Ward Productions were responsible for creating a nuclear explosion effect Pacific Data Images and Video Image provided some additional effects 93 The cost and time involved in producing CGI meant the effect was used sparingly appearing in 42 43 shots alongside 50 60 practical effects 4 94 Produced near the advent of CGI realizing the T 1000 was a risky endeavor as there was no backup plan in place if the CGI did not work as intended or could not be composited effectively with Winston s practical effects 33 The computer systems needed to animate and render the T 1000 CGI cost thousands of dollars alone but creating the character also relied on a variety of practical appliances visual illusions and filming techniques 33 95 96 A team of up to 35 at ILM were required for the five minutes of screen time the T 1000 s effects appear and the process was so complex that rendering 15 seconds of footage took up to ten days 43 54 91 Music edit See also Terminator 2 Judgment Day score and You Could Be Mine nbsp Brad Fiedel Escape from the Hospital source source source The T 1000 theme by Fiedel Problems playing this file See media help The Terminator composer Brad Fiedel returned for the sequel working in his garage in Studio City Los Angeles Film industry professionals regarded his return with concern and skepticism as they believed his style would not suit the film 4 97 98 Fiedel quickly realized he would not receive the finished footage until late in the production after most effects were completed which made it difficult to commit to decisions such as use of an orchestra because unlike ambient music the score had to accompany the on screen action Fiedel and Cameron wanted the musical tone to be warmer due to its focus on a nobler Terminator and young John Fiedel experimented with sounds and shared them with Cameron for feedback 98 While The Terminator score had mainly used oscillators and synthesizers Fiedel recorded real instruments and modified their sounds He developed a library of sounds for characters such as the T 1000 whose theme was created by sampling brass instrument players warming up and improvising Fiedel said to the players You re an insane asylum You re a bedlam of instruments He slowed down the resulting sample and lowered the pitch describing it as artificial intelligent monks chanting Cameron considered the atonal sound too avant garde to which Fiedel replied you re creating something that people have never seen before and the score ought to sound like something people have never heard before to support that 98 Tri Star asked Schwarzenegger to arrange a tie in music video and theme song for the film He chose to work with rock band Guns N Roses because they were popular and there was a rose in the movie and bloody guns The band offered the use of You Could Be Mine the debut single from their album Use Your Illusion II 1991 The music video featuring Schwarzenegger as the T 800 pursuing the band was directed by Stan Winston Andrew Morahan and Jeffrey Abelson 4 99 100 Patrick unsuccessfully lobbied to use Head Like a Hole by Nine Inch Nails as the tie in song in part because his brother Richard Patrick was their tour guitarist 101 Wisher suggested using Bad to the Bone by George Thorogood amp the Destroyers as the T 800 puts on the biker clothes Although Cameron did not like the idea Wisher said he later found Cameron had used the song but had forgotten it was his idea 102 Guitars Cadillacs by Dwight Yoakam also features in Terminator 2 103 Release editContext edit See also 1991 in film The summer theatrical season spanning from mid May to early September was anticipated to witness strong competition among studios Fifty five films were slated for release compared to thirty seven in 1990 Release dates underwent frequent changes as studios aimed to evade direct competition and optimize their films chances of success to compensate for the 20 increase in film production costs since 1990 This increase was partly attributed to hefty salaries demanded by stars who also claimed a portion of the film s profits Moreover revenues from box office receipts video sales and television network deals were on the decline 104 105 Films scheduled for release included City Slickers The Naked Gun 2 The Smell of Fear Only the Lonely Hudson Hawk The Rocketeer What About Bob and Point Break Terminator 2 was among the films expected to do well along with Backdraft Dying Young and the year s predicted top film Robin Hood Prince of Thieves It was also seen as having strong international appeal 105 106 107 An unnamed studio executive said audiences were seeking escapist entertainment such as comedy or action and avoiding films about less positive subject matter 108 Marketing and promotion edit Schwarzenegger was involved in Terminator 2 s marketing and merchandising campaign which was estimated to be worth at least 20 million 19 32 By 1991 advertising for Terminator 2 was ubiquitous with high audience recognition and despite its U S R rating which restricted the film to audiences aged 17 and over unless accompanied by an adult merchandise was mainly aimed at children TriStar contributed about 20 million for marketing which included a 150 000 teaser trailer that was directed by Winston and depicts the construction of a T 800 Trailers ran for six months before the film s release Tristar incentivized cinema staff to play it frequently by offering chances to win Terminator 2 branded goods and tickets to the premiere Fast food restaurants and soft drink manufacturers such as Subway and Pepsi also offered Terminator 2 themed foodstuffs and drinks alongside promotional posters o The premiere took place on July 1 1991 at the Cineplex Odeon in Century City Los Angeles 111 112 According to Fiedel it was treated as a major event unlike the premiere of The Terminator during which the audience was skeptical or laughed at the wrong times Celebrities in attendance included Maria Shriver Nicolas Cage Sylvester Stallone Sharon Stone Michael Douglas and Furlong s date Soleil Moon Frye 4 112 Box office edit Terminator 2 Judgment Day opened in the United States and Canada on July 3 leading into the Independence Day holiday weekend 4 105 108 It had the highest grossing Wednesday opening with 11 8 million 113 114 Between Friday and Sunday the film grossed 31 8 million from 2 274 theaters an average of 13 969 per theater making it the number one film of the weekend ahead of The Naked Gun 2 11 6 million in its second weekend and Robin Hood Prince of Thieves 10 3 million in its fourth 108 115 Over the five day holiday weekend Wednesday to Sunday Terminator 2 grossed 52 3 million becoming the second highest opening five day total ever behind Batman s 57 million in 1989 108 116 117 It set a record opening for an R rated film and for an Independence Day weekend The opening week audience was evenly split between adults teenagers and children about 25 30 of whom were women although TriStar said the figure was higher The film benefited from repeat viewings by young audience members 118 One theater chain executive said nothing since Batman has created the frenzy for tickets we saw this weekend with Terminator At virtually all our locations we are selling out the word of mouth buzz out there is just phenomenal 108 Industry professional Lawrence Kasanoff said it was an open secret that despite the R rating children were seeing the film remarking When T2 opened I saw kids skateboard up to the ticket window 119 It retained the number one position in its second weekend grossing 20 7 million ahead of the debuts of One Hundred and One Dalmatians 10 3 million and Boyz n the Hood 10 million 120 and in its third weekend with 14 9 million ahead of Bill amp Ted s Bogus Journey 10 2 million and One Hundred and One Dalmatians 7 8 million 121 Terminator 2 Judgment Day fell to number two in its fifth weekend grossing 8 6 million against the debut of the comedy Hot Shots 10 8 million 116 122 It remained in the top five highest grossing films for twelve consecutive weeks and the top ten highest grossing films for fifteen weeks In total Terminator 2 Judgment Day spent about twenty six weeks in theaters in a total of 2 495 cinemas and grossed 204 8 million making it the highest grossing film of the year ahead of Robin Hood Prince of Thieves 165 million Beauty and the Beast 145 million and The Silence of the Lambs 130 million p This also made it the thirteenth highest grossing film of its time behind Back to the Future 1985 and the highest grossing R rated film 4 127 The Los Angeles Times estimated after the theater and distributor cuts the box office returns to Carolco would be well over twenty percent of the film s cost 128 Outside the U S and Canada Terminator 2 Judgment Day set numerous box office records In the United Kingdom it had a record three day opening weekend of 4 4 million and a one week record of 7 8 million and went on to gross at least 30 million 127 129 130 In France it grossed a record 9 5 million in its opening week the biggest opening since Rocky IV and 16 million in two weeks 127 131 In Germany it grossed a record 8 million in five days 127 and also had a record Australian opening weekend of 1 9 million 132 133 134 In Thailand it was the highest grossing western hemisphere film ever with a gross of 1 2 million 130 The film also performed well in Brazil and grossed at least 51 million in Japan 127 Internationally the film grossed about 312 1 million making it the first film to gross over 300 million outside of the U S and Canada 135 136 Terminator 2 Judgment Day is estimated to have grossed a worldwide total of 519 520 9 million q r making it the year s highest grossing film and the third highest grossing film ever behind 1977 s Star Wars 530 million and 1982 s E T the Extra Terrestrial 619 million 136 138 Reception editCritical response edit Terminator 2 Judgment Day was released to general acclaim s Many reviews focused on the state of the art physical special and make up effects which were roundly praised as revolutionary and spectacular particularly those relating to the T 1000 as a technological wonder t Several publications wrote Cameron s ability to realize cinematic action blockbusters was unmatched Janet Maslin said at his best despite occasional lapses into melodrama Cameron s work is akin to that of director Stanley Kubrick u Both Maslin and The Austin Chronicle commented on the kindness and compassion in the film The Austin Chronicle contrasted it to the lack of a moral message in The Terminator and Travers described it as a visionary parable but they alongside others criticized Terminator 2 s muddled message about protecting the value of human life and peace by using extreme violence to prevent the use of nuclear weapons war and technological reliance v Reviewers generally agreed the narrative early in the film is stronger than the one near the end Owen Gleiberman said the first hour has a genuine emotional pull and according to Roger Ebert the initial concept of a boy finding a father figure in a Terminator that is learning to be human is intriguing but Gleiberman said the narrative weakens once Hamilton s character joins the group Travers and Corliss wrote it stumbles after hours of relentless action and a conventional climax Despite this observation Gleiberman praised the final battle between the T 1000 and the protagonists w Empire s review and Terrence Rafferty found the film s narrative less satisfying and idea driven than that of The Terminator Gleiberman said despite it being an effective and witty thriller Terminator 2 Judgment Day comes across as an expensive B movie when compared with visionary spectacles such as the Mad Max series and RoboCop 1987 Kenneth Turan said Terminator 2 s action scenes succeed without the extreme gore and violence of RoboCop x Ebert and Maslin among others appreciated the twist on Schwarzenegger s public action hero persona by making him a hero who does not kill his enemies David Ansen and Glieberman found humor in the T 800 s non lethal methods and efforts to become more human like y Maslin and Hinson agreed as in The Terminator Schwarzenegger s role is perfect for his acting abilities Hinson said Schwarzenegger portrayed more humanity as a machine than he did when portraying normal people 144 150 In contrast Empire suggested the change was a concession to Schwarzenegger s young fans and Peter Travers chose the T 800 s death as a cornball scene that is out of place for the actor and film 146 149 Several reviewers praised the T 1000 character for the combination of Patrick s chilling expressionless performance and the advanced special effects which create an implacable showstopping villain Empire called the character one of the great monsters of the cinema z Gleiberman said the character s absence from much of the film s second act is to the film s detriment and Hinson wrote the T 1000 lacks any soul and thus a way for the audience to identify with it 143 150 Critics generally agreed Hamilton portrays a fierce female hero with an impressive physique that lets her outshine another action hero Sigourney Weaver s Ellen Ripley in Cameron s Aliens 1986 aa Other publications found Sarah Connor s narrations about peace to be heavy handed overused and unintentionally amusing ab Furlong was praised for giving a natural performance at a young age ac and Hinson wrote despite limited screentime Morton made an impression 150 Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of A on a scale of A to F 154 Accolades edit At the 1992 Saturn Awards Terminator 2 Judgment Day received awards for Best Science Fiction Film Best Director Cameron Best Actress Hamilton Best Performance by a Younger Actor Furlong and Best Special Effects as well as nomination for Best Actor Schwarzenegger 155 156 It also won Favorite Motion Picture at the 18th People s Choice Awards 157 For the 45th British Academy Film Awards Terminator 2 received awards for Best Sound Lee Orloff Tom Johnson Gary Rydstrom Gary Summers and Best Special Visual Effects Stan Winston Dennis Muren Gene Warren Jr Robert Skotak as well as a nomination for Best Production Design Joseph Nemec III 158 The 64th Academy Awards earned Terminator 2 four awards Best Makeup Winston and Jeff Dawn Best Sound Orloff Johnson Rydstrom and Summers Best Sound Effects Editing Rydstrom and Gloria S Borders and Best Visual Effects Muren Winston Warren Jr and Skotak as well as nominations for Best Cinematography Adam Greenberg and Best Film Editing Conrad Buff Mark Goldblatt and Richard A Harris 159 It was the first film to win an Academy Award when its predecessor had not been nominated 58 It received six awards at the 1992 MTV Movie Awards including Best Movie Best Action Sequence L A Freeway Scene Best Breakthrough Performance Furlong Best Female Performance Hamilton Best Male Performance Schwarzenegger and nominations for Best Song From a Movie You Could Be Mine Best Villain Patrick and Most Desirable Female Hamilton 160 as well as a Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation Cameron and Wisher 161 Post release editAftermath edit Terminator 2 Judgment Day launched the careers or raised the profiles of its principal actors According to industry professionals Schwarzenegger became the top international star ahead of actors such as Mel Gibson and Tom Cruise 111 It also marked the start of a lasting friendship between Schwarzenegger and Cameron who formed a midlife crisis motorcycle club and reunited for the action film True Lies 1994 4 Cameron and Hamilton began a romantic relationship in 1991 married in 1997 and later divorced 18 162 In 1992 Cameron was given a five year 500 million contract by 20th Century Fox to produce twelve films 163 164 Furlong became a highly sought after actor and Patrick found dealing with his new found recognition difficult as people asked him to impersonate the T 1000 4 Despite the film s success Carolco reported 1991 losses of 265 1 million which was caused by the financial problems of its other films and subsidiaries Support from investors failed to prevent the studio filing for bankruptcy in 1995 and its assets including Terminator 2 were sold to Canal Plus for 58 million ad Home media edit In December 1991 Terminator 2 Judgment Day was released on VHS and LaserDisc 170 171 172 It was a popular rental in the U S and Canada with a record 714 000 copies shipped to retailers and it became the best selling rental by mid January 1992 ae Varese Sarabande released Fiedel s score which spent six weeks on the Billboard 200 record chart peaking at number 70 97 179 The theme song You Could Be Mine peaked at number 29 on the U S Billboard 100 and performed well in the United Kingdom Australia Germany Spain and Canada 180 181 182 A Special Edition LaserDisc was released in 1993 featuring a 15 minute extended version of the film that restored deleted scenes interviews with cast and crew storyboards designs and unrestored deleted scenes Cameron stated he did not use the label Director s Cut because he considered the theatrical releases to be definitive and the extended versions as opportunities to restore depth and character made omissible by theatrical running time 79 183 The theatrical version was released on DVD in 1997 184 In 2000 an Ultimate Edition DVD was released containing the theatrical and Special Edition cuts and a new Extended Cut containing a scene of the T 1000 inspecting John s bedroom and the alternate ending Terminator 2 special effects coordinator Van Ling supervised the release 79 185 186 The Extreme Edition was released in 2003 featuring the theatrical and Special Edition cuts a remastered 1080p image Cameron s first commentary and a documentary about the film s influence on special effects 185 Terminator 2 was released on Blu ray in 2006 followed in 2009 by a Skynet Edition that contains the theatrical and Special Edition cuts and commentaries with the cast and crew This release includes a limited collector s set containing the Blu ray the Ultimate and Extreme editions on DVDs a digital download version all extant special features and a 14 inch 360 mm T 800 skull bust 187 188 A 4K Ultra HD Blu ray version that includes a standard Blu ray and digital version was released in 2017 This release also offered a collector s option that includes one of 6 000 life size replicas of a T 800 skeleton forearm each signed by Cameron and individually numbered the soundtrack the theatrical Special Extended and 2017 3D remaster cuts and Reprogramming the Terminator a documentary that includes interviews with Schwarzenegger Cameron Furlong and others 189 190 191 Other media edit Main articles List of Terminator video games List of Terminator comic books and T2 3D Battle Across Time Terminator 2 Judgment Day was marketed with numerous tie in products including toys puppets trading cards jigsaw puzzles clothing a perfume named Hero and a novelization by Randall Frakes that expands on the film s ending af In 1991 Marvel Comics adapted the film into a comic book which was followed by expansions of the Terminator 2 narrative including Malibu Comics s Cybernetic Dawn and Nuclear Twilight 1995 1996 Dynamite Entertainment s Infinity and Revolution 2007 and the T2 novel series by S M Stirling in the early 2000s 195 196 Several video game adaptations of Terminator 2 were published including a pinball machine and an arcade game in 1991 The arcade game was popular enough to be ported to home consoles as T2 The Arcade Game ag Multiple studios developed widely differing adaptations for home consoles includingTerminator 2 for Game Boy and Terminator 2 for the Nintendo Entertainment System NES 193 A later adaptation was developed for the Sega Genesis and Super Nintendo Entertainment System and a different game was published for home computers 193 197 200 Merchandise for Terminator 2 Judgment Day was estimated to have generated 400 million in sales 119 In 1996 T2 3D Battle Across Time a live action attraction was opened at Universal Studios Florida and later at locations in Hollywood and Japan The twenty minute attraction was co written and directed by Cameron and cost 60 million to produce including live action stunts and a 24 million 12 minute 3D film starring Schwarzenegger Hamilton Patrick and Furlong as their in world characters making it the most expensive film per minute produced of its time In it Sarah and John attempt to stop Cyberdyne which has developed Skynet They are confronted by the T 1000 but saved by the T 800 which returns to 2029 with John to defeat Skynet and its latest creation the T 1000000 201 202 203 3D remaster edit Main article Terminator 2 3D remaster Cameron oversaw a year long 3D remaster and subsequent theatrical re release of Terminator 2 Judgment Day in August 2017 Cameron said If you ve never seen it this ll be the version you want to see and remember 204 205 206 Cameron made visual modifications to the film to fix errors that had bothered him including the addition of windshield glass to the T 1000 s truck which fell out during its stunt fall and reappears in later scenes concealing the obvious use of stuntmen for Furlong and Schwarzenegger during the same scene concealed more of Patrick s nudity during his introduction and brightened the visuals 207 The 3D remaster s theatrical release was seen as a disappointment earning about 562 000 in its debut across 386 theaters compared to the 3D re release of Cameron s Titanic in 2012 which fetched 17 million 208 209 Themes and analysis editThemes edit A central theme of Terminator 2 Judgment Day is the relationship between John Connor and the T 800 that serves as a surrogate for the father Kyle Reese he never knew Cameron said Sure there s going to be big thunderous action sequences but the heart of the movie is that relationship comparing it with the Tin Man getting a heart in The Wizard of Oz 4 As with Cameron s earlier film Aliens Terminator 2 focuses on compassion and parental figures depicting the T 800 as a relentless protector and father figure to John against the equally relentless T 1000 210 The T 800 is designed to emulate humans for infiltration purposes but as it grows and evolves its emotions become real and it learns from John to feel grief The T 800 chooses to sacrifice its life to ensure the survival of everyone else 4 58 72 In 1991 essayist Robert Bly wrote elderly men were not offering suitable role models for young men and in Terminator 2 Sarah denounces the many men in her past who failed to be a father for John except for the T 800 Once its role is complete the T 800 leaves John for his own good after stating it lacks the emotions John must rely on 211 While John teaches the T 800 about humanity his biological mother Sarah has become less human because of her knowledge about the future Cameron said She s a sad character a tragic character she believes that everyone she meets talks to or interacts with will be dead very soon 4 77 This theme of machine like humans links with Cameron s and Wisher s choice to make the T 1000 appear as a police officer because thematically they believed it represents humans who should have empathy for others becoming more machine like and detached from their emotions 4 77 The SWAT team at Cyberdyne shoots Dyson an African American without warning Cinephilia described Dyson as the most human character in the film an intelligent optimistic family man who represents real world encounters between police forces and people of color compared to their encounter with the Caucasian T 800 during which they warn him before opening fire 19 Following her escape from the state hospital Sarah appears to embrace John but is actually checking him for injuries forgoing any emotional attachment for the practicality of ensuring his survival and bringing about his destiny as a future leader 33 The T 800 is portrayed as a better parent than Sarah offering him undivided attention while Sarah remains distant and focused on the future rather than the present 212 Philosophy professor Richard T McClelland notes Sarah s acceptance of the T 800 as John s surrogate father is such that she leaves it in control of John when she leaves to kill Dyson 213 Sarah s dream about the nuclear holocaust that will kill six billion people including her son incites her to kill Dyson before he can complete the work that will bring about Skynet but when the moment comes she is unable to fully forsake her humanity and murder him with no emotion Cameron described this as a question of humanity s worth if we abandon it to win the battle for its existence 4 72 Compared to the bleak nihilistic theme of the first film Terminator 2 emphasizes the concept of free will and the value of human life Schwarzenegger quoted the film s line no fate but what we make saying people have control over their own destinies 4 54 Terminator 2 also comments on the use of violence On its release reviewers were critical of Terminator 2 Judgment Day s message about preserving peace through violence Owen Gleiberman stated reckless indifference to human life is intrinsic to the film but the T 800 maiming people rather than killing them potentially condemns victims of violence to a life of pain ah Cameron described the film as the world s most violent anti war movie and said it is about people struggling with their own violent natures 72 77 In particular Cameron had been concerned by the original antagonist T 800 s status as a cultural icon and power fantasy as a lethal unstoppable force of strength and power and chose to redefine it in Terminator 2 retaining the power fantasy without taking lives 72 Cinephilia said it is not morally possible to recover from killing people so Terminator 2 is about redeeming the T 800 and Sarah 19 Analysis edit According to Professor Jeffrey A Brown there was a growth of female led action films in the wake of Aliens s success Brown believes this reflected the increase in more women assuming non traditional roles and the division between professional critics who perceive a masculinization of the female hero and audiences who embrace characters regardless of gender 214 The hyper masculine heroes played by Schwarzenegger Stallone and Jean Claude Van Damme were replaced with independent women who are capable of defending themselves and defeating villains in films such as Terminator 2 and The Silence of the Lambs 215 Brown said these female characters often perform stereotypical male actions and have muscular physiques rather than feminine soft bodies 216 He considers Hamilton s undershirt to be symbolic of typically male action heroes such as John McClane and John Rambo as well as women displaying masculine traits such as Rachel McLish in Aces Iron Eagle III 1992 217 Despite the emphasis on strong femininity Hamilton s character remains secondary to Schwarzenegger s Sarah s efforts to defeat the T 1000 fall short until the last minute intervention of the T 800 Author Victoria Warren said this allows the female character to be strong enough to be admired but not strong enough to undermine the male protagonist s masculinity 218 Professors Amanda Fernbach and Thomas B Byers said the rigid form of the T 800 represents reactionary masculinity that is in direct opposition to the gender bending T 1000 which represents a post modern fluid nature that is outside traditional norms and in opposition to patriarchy and the preservation of the traditional family 219 Author Mark Duckenfield said Terminator 2 Judgment Day can be seen as an unintended allegory for the decline of United States industries against successful Japanese technology firms with the cutting edge T 1000 representing Japan against the older less advanced T 800 The U S industries which were sometimes seen as villains during the economic boom of the 1980s are seen as more sympathetic in the face of obsolescence just as the T 800 is presented as friendlier and still powerful but no longer overwhelmingly so Duckenfield considers the final scene which takes place in a steel mill a place of American industry symbolic 220 According to Warren Terminator 2 reflects Cold War American values that emphasized principles of American culture in particular individualism and rejection of government intervention The institutions the film s protagonists should be able to rely on such as the government the police and technology are the ones attempting to stop them because they do not believe in the protagonists doomsday prophecy 221 Legacy editCultural influence edit nbsp Waxwork of the T 800 at Madame Tussauds LondonTerminator 2 is considered a highly influential film setting a benchmark for sequels action set pieces and visual effects ai Cameron and special effects supervisor Dennis Muren said the groundbreaking special effects in Terminator 2 demonstrated the possibilities of computer generated effects and without it effects focused films such as Jurassic Park 1993 would not have been possible aj Various publications have referenced Terminator 2 s influence on special effects describing it as the most important special effects film since Tron 1982 and began the era of reliance on CGI effects for films such as Jurassic Park and The Matrix 1999 ak In 2007 the Visual Effects Society an entertainment industry organization of visual effects practitioners named Terminator 2 as the 14th most influential visual effects film of all time and the T 1000 is listed by Guinness World Records as the first major blockbuster movie character generated using computers 229 230 231 According to The Guardian the film s groundbreaking effects led to CGI laziness a reliance on computer graphics over practical effects stunts and craft 91 A 2014 Entertainment Weekly article said Terminator 2 contributed to the contemporary Hollywood high budget science fiction epic film and a reliance on turning films into franchises targeted at young audiences and broad demographics 222 223 Den of Geek described it as one of the most influential blockbusters since the thriller Jaws 1975 54 Several filmmakers and creative leads have named it as an influence on their work including Steven Caple Jr 232 Ryan Coogler 233 Kevin Feige 234 and Hideo Kojima 235 With a 94 102 million budget Terminator 2 Judgment Day was the most expensive movie made in its time al and as of 2023 update it remains Schwarzenegger s highest grossing film 236 Alongside her appearance in The Terminator Hamilton s Sarah Connor became regarded as one of the greatest and most influential cinematic female action heroes am and an iconic character an Patrick s T 1000 is considered one of the most iconic cinematic villains ao He made cameo appearances as the T 1000 in Wayne s World 1992 and Schwarzenegger s Last Action Hero 1993 61 247 253 In Last Action Hero Stallone replaces Schwarzenegger as the T 800 on the Terminator 2 poster 254 The T 800 s line Hasta la vista baby is considered an iconic piece of movie dialogue that is often quoted Schwarzenegger also used it in speeches during his political career ap Terminator 2 Judgment Day has been referenced in a variety of media including television films and video games aq The biker bar scene was recreated for a 2015 advertisement which featured Schwarzenegger for the video game WWE 2K16 the bar patrons were replaced with WWE wrestlers 267 In 2023 the United States Library of Congress selected Terminator 2 Judgment Day to be preserved in the National Film Registry for being culturally historically or aesthetically significant 268 Retrospective assessments edit Since its release Terminator 2 Judgment Day has been assessed as one of the best action ar science fiction as and sequel films ever made at Terminator 2 and The Terminator are generally considered as the standout films in the Terminator franchise with each taking turns in the top spot au Some publications have listed Terminator 2 among the greatest films made 291 292 In 2001 the American Film Institute AFI ranked Terminator 2 number 77 on its 100 Years 100 Thrills list recognizing the most heart pounding movies 293 and the 2003 list of the 100 Best Heroes amp Villains ranked the T 800 character as the forty eighth best hero 294 The 2005 list of the 100 Best Movie Quotes listed the T 800 dialog line Hasta la vista baby as the 76th best quotation 295 and the 2008 AFI s 10 Top 10 named Terminator 2 as the eighth best science fiction film 296 To mark Schwarzenegger s 75th birthday in 2022 Variety listed Terminator 2 Judgment Day as the best film in his 46 year career 297 Review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes offers a 92 approval rating from the aggregated reviews of 84 critics with an average score of 8 5 10 The website s critical consensus says T2 features thrilling action sequences and eye popping visual effects but what takes this sci fi action landmark to the next level is the depth of the human and cyborg characters 298 The film has a score of 75 out of 100 on Metacritic based on 22 critics reviews indicating generally favorable reviews 299 During Terminator 2 s 30th anniversary in 2021 Cameron among others said despite using older models of cars the film s visuals still compare well with contemporary films 4 300 Cameron also said Terminator 2 remains relevant because artificial intelligence had become a ubiquitous reality rather than a fantasy 4 In 2006 Terminator 2 was listed at number 32 on Film4 s 50 Films to See Before You Die list 301 and is included in the film reference book 1001 Movies You Must See Before You Die 302 Rotten Tomatoes lists it as one of 300 essential movies and at number 123 on its list of 200 essential movies 303 304 Popular Mechanics and Rolling Stone jointly listed it alongside The Terminator as the third best time travel film ever made 305 306 Rolling Stone s reader voted list of the best sequels ranks Terminator 2 second behind The Godfather Part II 1974 307 and Empire readers ranked the film 17th on its 2017 100 Greatest Movies list 308 Sequels editMain article Terminator franchise Cameron said he had no intentions for further sequels believing Terminator 2 brings the story full circle and ends And I think ending it at this point is a good idea Wisher and Cameron wrote the script with the intention of leaving no option for a sequel 309 310 Even so four sequels followed Terminator 3 Rise of the Machines 2003 Terminator Salvation 2009 Terminator Genisys 2015 and Terminator Dark Fate 2019 though none replicated the successes of The Terminator or Terminator 2 140 311 Schwarzenegger returned for all but Terminator Salvation while Cameron and Hamilton returned only for Dark Fate a direct sequel to the events of Terminator 2 312 Although better critically received than other post Terminator 2 sequels Dark Fate is also considered a failure Analysts blamed audience disinterest on the diminishing quality of the series since Terminator 2 and repeated attempts to reboot the series av Fans also criticized Dark Fate s opening scene in which a T 800 kills Furlong s teenage John Connor Entertainment website Collider wrote this retroactively damages the ending of Terminator 2 312 314 A television series Terminator The Sarah Connor Chronicles 2008 2009 also takes place after the events of Terminator 2 and ignores the events in sequels Terminator 3 and beyond 315 316 Notes edit Also promoted and abbreviated as T2 1 2 As depicted in The Terminator 1984 Attributed to multiple references 24 25 26 Attributed to multiple references 28 29 30 31 Attributed to multiple references 38 39 40 41 Attributed to multiple references 4 46 47 48 Attributed to multiple references 4 32 52 37 Attributed to multiple references 58 59 60 61 Attributed to multiple references 4 14 26 67 68 Attributed to multiple references 23 69 71 73 Attributed to multiple references 71 73 82 83 Attributed to multiple references 4 26 32 48 86 87 88 89 The 1991 budget of 94 102 million is equivalent to 202 million 219 million in 2022 Attributed to multiple references 26 90 91 92 Attributed to multiple references 2 4 53 86 109 110 Attributed to multiple references 116 123 124 125 126 Attributed to multiple references 4 104 136 137 The 1991 box office gross of 519 520 9 million is equivalent to 1 12 billion 1 12 billion in 2022 Attributed to multiple references 4 14 136 139 140 Attributed to multiple references 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 Attributed to multiple references 141 144 149 150 Attributed to multiple references 141 144 145 147 151 152 Attributed to multiple references 142 143 146 150 152 Attributed to multiple references 143 148 149 151 Attributed to multiple references 142 143 144 145 148 149 Attributed to multiple references 141 142 143 144 149 Attributed to multiple references 142 144 145 147 Attributed to multiple references 146 147 152 153 Attributed to multiple references 142 144 145 150 Attributed to multiple references 165 166 167 168 169 Attributed to multiple references 173 174 175 176 177 178 Attributed to multiple references 2 109 192 193 194 Attributed to multiple references 193 197 198 199 Attributed to multiple references 141 143 144 145 147 151 152 Attributed to multiple references 4 222 223 224 225 Attributed to multiple references 4 91 226 227 55 Attributed to multiple references 1 53 54 58 228 Attributed to multiple references 4 43 55 91 Attributed to multiple references 58 237 238 239 240 241 Attributed to multiple references 4 242 241 243 244 245 246 Attributed to multiple references 247 248 249 250 251 252 Attributed to multiple references 4 36 255 256 Attributed to multiple references 257 258 259 260 261 262 263 264 265 266 Attributes to multiple references 1 226 227 269 270 271 272 Attributes to multiple references 227 273 274 275 276 277 278 279 280 Attributes to multiple references 227 281 282 283 Attributes to multiple references 246 284 285 273 1 227 283 286 287 288 289 290 Attributed to multiple references 313 311 312 314 References editCitations edit a b c d Reimann Tom November 5 2019 The Terminator Movies Ranked From Worst To Best Collider Archived from the original on February 23 2022 Retrieved March 7 2022 a b c Broeske Pat H May 31 1991 Summer Movie Toys And Product Spin Offs Entertainment Weekly Archived from the original on August 20 2021 Retrieved March 14 2022 Tyler Adrienne October 26 2019 Terminator Why Arnold Schwarzenegger Has Two Different Model Numbers Screen Rant Archived from the original on 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