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Wikipedia

Suwon

November 23, 2023

Suwon (Korean: 수원; Hanja: 水原; lit. Water source[3], Korean: [sʰu.wʌn]) is the capital and largest city of Gyeonggi-do, South Korea's most populous province. Suwon lies approximately 30 km (19 mi) south of the national capital, Seoul. With a population close to 1¼ million, it has more residents than Ulsan Metropolitan City,[1][4] though it has a lesser degree of self-governance as a 'special case city'.[5]

Suwon
수원특례시
Specific city
Korean transcription(s)
 • Hangul수원특례시
 • Hanja水原特例市
 • Revised RomanizationSuwon-teungnyesi
 • McCune–ReischauerSuwŏn-t'ŭkrye-si
From top, left to right:
view of Suwon from Paldalsan Mountain,
Suwon World Cup Stadium,
Hwaseong Haenggung Palace, Hwaseong Fortress,
Gwanggyo Lake Park, Suwon Station
Flag
Emblem of Suwon
Location in South Korea
Coordinates: 37°16′N 127°01′E / 37.267°N 127.017°E / 37.267; 127.017
Country South Korea
AreaGyeonggi Province (Seoul Capital)
Administrative divisions4 gu, 43 dong
Government
 • TypeMayor-Council
 • MayorLee Jae-jun (Democratic)
 • CouncilSuwon City Council
 • Members of the Gyeonggi Provincial Council
List
 • Members of the National Assembly
List
Area
 • Total121.04 km2 (46.73 sq mi)
Highest elevation
(Gwanggyosan)
582 m (1,909 ft)
Population
 (27 April 2023)
 • Total1,226,873[1]
 • Dialect
Gyeonggi
Area code+82-31-2xx
FlowerAzalea[2]
TreePine[2]
BirdEgret[2]
WebsiteSuwon City Council

Traditionally known as the 'City of Filial Piety',[6] today Suwon retains a variety of historical features. As a walled city, it is a popular destination for day trippers from Seoul,[7] and these city walls appear among the province's more popular sites.

Suwon also plays an important economic role: Samsung Electronics, Korea's largest company by sales,[8] is based in the city. The company's research and development centre is in Yeongtong-gu, where its headquarters have also been located since 2016.[9] Samsung's presence in Suwon is clearly visible: the company is a partner of Sungkyunkwan University,[10] which has its Natural Sciences Campus in the city, and the company owns the four-time K League champions[11] and two-time Asian Super Cup winners[12][13] Suwon Samsung Bluewings.

Suwon is home to several universities, e.g., Sungkyunkwan University, Ajou University,[14] and several football, baseball, basketball, and volleyball teams, including Suwon Samsung Bluewings, Suwon FC, and KT Wiz. The city is served by three expressways, the national railway network, and three lines on the Seoul Metropolitan Subway.

History edit

Suwon has historically gone by many names. In ancient tribal times, it was known as Mosu-guk (모수국), part of the Mahan confederacy. During the Proto–Three Kingdoms period era, the area that today comprises Suwon and neighbouring Hwaseong was called Maehol-gun (매홀군).[15] In 757, under King Gyeongdeok of Unified Silla, the name was changed to Suseong-gun (수성군). In 940, during the Goryeo Dynasty, it changed again in to Suju (수주).[15] Finally, in 1413, King Taejong of the Joseon Dynasty changed the name to Suwon, the name still in use today,[16] though in the 19th century it was often spelt 'Sou-wen'.[17]

In 1592, during the Imjin wars, Commander Yi Gwang attempted to launch his army toward the capital city, Seoul (at the time named 'Hanseong').[18] The army was withdrawn, however, after news reached the commander that the city had already been sacked.[18] As the army grew to 50,000 men by accumulating several volunteer forces, Yi Gwang and the irregular commanders reconsidered their aim of reclaiming the capital, and led the combined forces north to Suwon.[18]

Relocation of the city centre, and construction of Hwaseong Fortress edit

In 1796, during the Joseon Dynasty, King Jeongjo relocated the city centre from modern-day Annyeong-dong at the foot of Hwasan (a hill in Hwasan-dong, Hwaseong City) to its current location to the east of Paldalsan.[19] To protect this new city, he instructed that Hwaseong Fortress be built, and this fortified wall encompassed the entire city.[20]

Hwaseong was originally built under the guidance of philosopher Jeong Yak-yong, and its construction was one of Korea's first examples of paid labour, corvée labour having been common previously.[21] Shortly after King Jeongjo's death in 1800, Hwaseong Seongyeok Uigwe (화성 성역 의궤; 華城城域儀軌) was published. This document—more precise that other such construction records from the time—exhaustively detailed the construction of the fortress.[22] Since Hwaseong was damaged severely during the Korean War, this meticulous record of its construction has proven invaluable during reconstruction efforts from 1964 to the present day.[20]

Though Suwon was once entirely encircled by the fortress, modern urban growth has seen the city spread out far beyond the walls.[23] The fortress is now a designated UNESCO World Heritage site,[20] and it is often featured in the city and province's promotional materials.

Japanese occupation edit

It appears that a focal point in Suwon's resistance to Japanese occupation was Adams Memorial Hall, at 342 Suwoncheon-ro, Maehyang,dong, Paldal-gu (37°17′03″N 127°01′08″E / 37.28417°N 127.01889°E / 37.28417; 127.01889). Under Pastor William Noble, this 1923 building was constructed in Samil Middle School grounds with funding from a church in North Adams, Massachusetts, from the Suwon Jongno Church (830 Jeongjo-ro, Buksu-dong, 37°16′55″N 127°01′01″E / 37.28194°N 127.01694°E / 37.28194; 127.01694), and from local residents. Here, independence activists including Park Seon-tae and Lee Deuk-su met weekly to discuss their rebellion.[24]

 
Adams Memorial Hall

Korean War edit

When the Korean War began, the United States Air Force 49th Fighter Wing, then stationed in Japan, was sent to Korea[25] with an initial mission of evacuating civilians from Suwon and Gimpo.[26] While on this mission, on 27 June 1950, US planes in Suwon were attacked by North Korean fighters, and the Battle of Suwon Airfield became the first aerial combat of the war. Suwon Airfield was attacked again two days later while General Douglas MacArthur was on site.[27] Though the US repelled these attacks, Suwon fell to the advancing North Koreans one week later, on 4 July 1950.[28] The Battle of Osan, the first conflict between United States and North Korean forces, occurred the following day. Defences were erected on the road between occupied Suwon and still-southern Osan. As Northern troops advanced south, a 3½-hour battle ensued in which 150 United States and 42 North Korean soldiers were killed, and the US troops were forced to retreat. The North Korean advance southwards to Osan was delayed by an estimated seven hours.[29][30]

 
North Korean T-34-85 caught on a bridge south of Suwon by US attack aircraft in the Korean War

In the early days of the war, southern authorities feared left-leaning civilians, and many were killed. Eyewitness account from US intelligence officer Donald Nichols places Suwon as the location of a massacre of approximately 1,800 suspected Communist civilians by South Korean authorities on 28, 29, or 30 June 1950 (depending on source).[31][32][33]

On 16 December 1950, the Greek Expeditionary Force relocated from Busan to Suwon, attached to the US 1st Cavalry Division.[34] In late 1951, the United States Air Force's top fighter pilot Gabby Gabreski was placed in charge of Suwon Air Base, also known then as K-13.[26][35]

In total, Suwon changed hands four times during the war.

A memorial to the French forces was erected in 1974 in Jangan-gu, near the Yeongdong Expressway's North Suwon exit (37°19′40″N 126°59′08″E / 37.32778°N 126.98556°E / 37.32778; 126.98556).[36] This was renovated in 2013.[37]

Recent history edit

In 1949, Seoul left Gyeonggi-do,[38] and in the same year, Suwon-eup in Suwon-gun became Suwon City while the remainder of Suwon-gun became Hwaseong-gun.[39] Suwon became the capital of Gyeonggi-do on 23 June 1967, when the provincial office was relocated from Seoul.[40]

On 1 January 1963, Suwon expanded greatly as Cheoncheon-ri, Daehwanggyo-ri, Gokbanjeong-ri, Gosaek-ri, Guun-ri, Gwonseon-ri, Hagwanggyo-ri, Imok-ri, Jangji-ri, Jeongja-ri, Jowon-ri, Maetan-ri, Omokcheon-ri, Pajang-ri, Pyeong-ri, Sanggwanggyo-ri, Songjuk-ri, Tap-ri, Woncheon-ri, and Yuljeon-ri were incorporated from Hwaseong-gun.[41] On 15 February 1983, further expansion saw Ha-ri and Iui-ri switch from Yongin to Suwon.[42] On 1 January 1987, Suwon expanded westwards as Geumgok-ri and Homaesil-ri were acquired from Maesong-myeon in Hwaseong.[43][44] Yeongtong-ri transferred from Hwaseong to Suwon on 26 December 1994 along with parts of Sin-ri and Mangpo-ri, and part of Yeongdeok-ri from Yongin.[45] The remainder of Sun-ri and Mangpo-ri joined Suwon on 20 April 1995.

On 9 May 2007, in preparation for the construction of the new town of Gwanggyo, there was a two-way exchange of land between Ha-dong in Suwon and neighbouring Sanghyeon-dong in Yongin.[46][47] A similar exchange on 13 September 2019 saw parcels of land switch sides between Woncheon-dong in Suwon, and Yongin's Yeongdeok-dong.[48][49] With further boundary changes on 24 July 2020, parts of Shin-dong and Mangpo-dong in Suwon and Banjeong-dong in Hwaseong were exchanged.[50]

Geography edit

Suwon lies in the north of the Gyeonggi plain, just south of South Korea's capital, Seoul. It is bordered by Uiwang to the north-west, Yongin to the east, the city of Hwaseong to the south-west, and Ansan to the west. At its closest point, on the 239-metre (784 ft) Chilbosan ridge to the west, Suwon lies 18.2 km (11.3 mi) from the western tip of Ueumdo in Sihwa Lake, an inlet of the Yellow Sea cordoned off to drive the world's largest tidal power station.[51]

Topography edit

There are several hills around Suwon, the highest of which is Gwanggyosan [582 m (1,909 ft), 37°20′41″N 127°02′01″E / 37.34472°N 127.03361°E / 37.34472; 127.03361], to the north of the city, bordering Yongin.[52]

Water flow edit

Most of the streams passing through Suwon originate on Gwanggyosan or other nearby peaks to the north of the city. Since Suwon is bounded to the west by Chilbosan and to the east by other hills, the streams, chiefly the Suwoncheon and Seohocheon, flow southwards through the city, joining the Hwanggujicheon, and eventually emptying into the Yellow Sea at Asan Bay. The entirety of Suwon is drained in this manner.[53]

Lakes edit

There are few natural lakes on South Korea's mainland, and none in Suwon. There are, however, many small reservoirs, namely Chungmanje (축만제), otherwise known as Seoho (서호, 37°16′39″N 126°59′19″E / 37.27750°N 126.98861°E / 37.27750; 126.98861) near Hwaseo Station, Irwol Reservoir (일원 저수지, 37°17′15″N 126°58′23″E / 37.28750°N 126.97306°E / 37.28750; 126.97306) near Sungkyunkwan University, Bambat Reservoir (밤밭 저수지, 37°18′23″N 126°58′16″E / 37.30639°N 126.97111°E / 37.30639; 126.97111) near Sungkyunkwan University Station, Ilwang Reservoir (일왕 저수지, 37°17′58″N 127°00′03″E / 37.29944°N 127.00083°E / 37.29944; 127.00083), otherwise called Manseokkeo (만석거) in Manseok Park, Pajang Reservoir (파장 저수지, 37°19′41″N 126°59′41″E / 37.32806°N 126.99472°E / 37.32806; 126.99472) near the North Suwon exit of the Yeongdong Expressway, Gwanggyo Reservoir (광교 저수지, 37°18′24″N 127°01′41″E / 37.30667°N 127.02806°E / 37.30667; 127.02806) and Hagwanggyo Reservoir (하광교 소류지, 37°19′29″N 127°01′39″E / 37.32472°N 127.02750°E / 37.32472; 127.02750) at the foot of Gwanggyosan, Woncheon and Sindae Reservoirs (원천 저수지, 37°16′45″N 127°03′45″E / 37.27917°N 127.06250°E / 37.27917; 127.06250; 신대 저수지, 37°17′09″N 127°04′26″E / 37.28583°N 127.07389°E / 37.28583; 127.07389) in Gwanggyo Lake Park, and Geumgok Reservoir (금곡 저수지, 37°16′32″N 126°56′39″E / 37.27556°N 126.94417°E / 37.27556; 126.94417), a small lake at the foot of Chilbosan. Wangsong Reservoir (왕송 저수지, 37°18′22″N 126°56′50″E / 37.30611°N 126.94722°E / 37.30611; 126.94722), on the northern Uiwang border, used to be partly in Suwon, but after controversial boundary changes, it is now entirely in Uiwang.[54]

Geology edit

Suwon is primarily composed of Precambrian metamorphic rock, and has amphibolites that intrude through these, and also granites from the Mesozoic Era.[55]

Precambrian gneiss edit

Biotite gneiss (Precambrian biotite gneiss, PCEbgn) is found in northern Suwon, specifically Pajang-dong, Gwanggyo-dong, Woncheon-dong, and Maetan-dong. Visible rocks here are composed of quartz, feldspar, biotite, amphibole, and muscovite; and are generally dark gray or dark green. Mesozoic biotite granite intrudes through these.[55]

Precambrian quartzo-feldspathic gneiss (PCEqgn) is distributed in some mountainous areas in Hagwanggyo-dong and Sanggwanggyo-dong in northern Suwon. This gneiss has undergone silicification most predominantly, and is mainly composed of quartz, feldspar, biotite, and muscovite. It is grey, dark grey, grey-brown, and white.[55]

Mesozoic intrusive rocks edit

Biotite granite (Jbgr) from the Jurassic period of the Mesozoic Era constitutes most of Suwon, and is centred on Paldalsan (37°16′44″N 127°00′37″E / 37.27889°N 127.01028°E / 37.27889; 127.01028). It is a form of Daebo granite, and is distributed through Homaesil-dong, Geumgok-dong, Dangsu-dong, Seryu-dong, Seodun-dong, Gwonseon-dong, and other areas. The main constituent minerals are quartz, plagioclase, orthotic, biotite, and amphibole.[55]

Fault edit

Suwon's single fault splits from the Singal Fault in Iui-dong, Yeongtong-gu, creating the Woncheonri Stream, and follows this stream to Ha-dong, Woncheon-dong, and Maetan-dong. It joins the Hwangguji Stream in Annyeong-dong, Hwaseong City. This is a 20 km-long vertical fault running SSW, eventually to the Yellow Sea. In Suwon, biotite gneiss and biotite granite are brought into contact by this fault.[55]

Climate edit

Suwon has a humid continental climate (Köppen: Dwa), but can be considered a borderline humid subtropical climate (Köppen: Cwa) using the −3 °C (27 °F) isotherm.

Climate data for Suwon (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1964–present)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 15.3
(59.5) 		19.3
(66.7) 		25.0
(77.0) 		30.5
(86.9) 		33.2
(91.8) 		34.0
(93.2) 		37.5
(99.5) 		39.3
(102.7) 		33.7
(92.7) 		29.0
(84.2) 		25.8
(78.4) 		17.8
(64.0) 		39.3
(102.7)
Average high °C (°F) 2.8
(37.0) 		5.6
(42.1) 		11.3
(52.3) 		18.2
(64.8) 		23.6
(74.5) 		27.5
(81.5) 		29.3
(84.7) 		30.3
(86.5) 		26.4
(79.5) 		20.4
(68.7) 		12.5
(54.5) 		4.9
(40.8) 		17.7
(63.9)
Daily mean °C (°F) −2.1
(28.2) 		0.3
(32.5) 		5.7
(42.3) 		12.0
(53.6) 		17.6
(63.7) 		22.2
(72.0) 		25.3
(77.5) 		26.0
(78.8) 		21.4
(70.5) 		14.6
(58.3) 		7.2
(45.0) 		0.1
(32.2) 		12.5
(54.5)
Average low °C (°F) −6.6
(20.1) 		−4.5
(23.9) 		0.6
(33.1) 		6.4
(43.5) 		12.3
(54.1) 		17.9
(64.2) 		22.1
(71.8) 		22.7
(72.9) 		17.1
(62.8) 		9.4
(48.9) 		2.4
(36.3) 		−4.2
(24.4) 		8.0
(46.4)
Record low °C (°F) −24.8
(−12.6) 		−25.8
(−14.4) 		−11.3
(11.7) 		−4.7
(23.5) 		2.3
(36.1) 		7.8
(46.0) 		13.2
(55.8) 		13.0
(55.4) 		3.6
(38.5) 		−3.6
(25.5) 		−12.6
(9.3) 		−24.4
(−11.9) 		−25.8
(−14.4)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 18.1
(0.71) 		28.3
(1.11) 		40.7
(1.60) 		71.6
(2.82) 		95.0
(3.74) 		122.9
(4.84) 		385.1
(15.16) 		296.3
(11.67) 		133.5
(5.26) 		54.1
(2.13) 		48.9
(1.93) 		25.8
(1.02) 		1,320.3
(51.98)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) 6.7 6.2 7.0 8.0 8.6 9.6 15.4 14.0 8.6 6.1 9.0 8.3 107.5
Average snowy days 6.9 5.3 2.2 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.8 6.8 23.1
Average relative humidity (%) 63.0 61.9 62.2 62.1 66.1 71.4 79.9 77.6 73.2 69.8 67.9 64.4 68.3
Mean monthly sunshine hours 174.3 178.7 205.7 214.5 229.7 195.0 138.2 168.7 184.6 208.9 162.5 166.2 2,227
Percent possible sunshine 54.0 56.2 53.4 54.6 50.4 42.8 30.5 39.5 48.8 57.4 51.6 53.4 48.6
Source: Korea Meteorological Administration (percent sunshine 1981–2010)[56][57][58]

Administrative divisions edit

See also: Administrative divisions of South Korea
 
Districts of Suwon

The city is composed of four gu (districts).[14] Jangan-gu (장안구) and Gwonseon-gu (권선구) were established on 1 July 1988, and on 1 February 1993, parts of Jangan-gu and Gwonseon-gu became a new district, Paldal-gu (팔달구). The newest district is Yeongtong-gu (영통구), which separated from Paldal-gu on 24 November 2003. These districts are in turn divided into 42 dong.[59]

There are several new "towns" in Suwon, such as Homaesil and Gwanggyo. The latter is perhaps the most notable of these: the first stage of construction of this large residential area in eastern Suwon was completed in 2011.[60] Gwanggyo is in Yeongtong-gu, which has Gyeonggi-do's seventh most expensive housing.[61]

Demography edit

Suwon is 50.3% male (49.7% female), and 2.82% foreign. On average, there are 2.31 residents per household. Further details for each district are shown below.[1]

Total people Korean males Korean females Korean (total) Foreign males Foreign females Foreign (total)
Suwon (total) 1,226,873[1] 600,239 591,986 1,192,225 17,211 17,437 34,648
Gwonseon-gu 376,541 185,722 181,896 367,618 4,307 4,616 8,923
Jangan-gu 275,983 135,528 133,875 269,403 3,263 3,317 6,580
Paldal-gu 204,560 97,354 96,009 193,363 5,750 5,447 11,197
Yeongtong-gu 369,789 181,635 180,206 361,841 3,891 4,057 7,948

Religion edit

See also: Religion in South Korea

Suwon has churches from a variety of Christian denominations, and a range of Buddhist temples.

The Catholic Diocese of Suwon was created in 1963 by Pope Paul VI.[62][63] The cathedral is at 39 Imok-ro, Jeongja-dong (37°18′38″N 126°59′06″E / 37.31056°N 126.98500°E / 37.31056; 126.98500).

The former president of the Baptist World Alliance, Kim Janghwan (Billy Kim), was born in Suwon,[64] and founded the Central Baptist Church,[65] though this is located in Yongin.

Mireukdang edit

 
Mireukdang

Mireukdang (Korean: 미륵당; Hanja: 彌勒堂, 37°19′16″N 126°59′20″E / 37.32111°N 126.98889°E / 37.32111; 126.98889) is a small shrine to Maitreya in Pajang-dong, Jangan-gu. Its religious basis is a fusion of Buddhism and traditional local religions.

Crime edit

The following table tallies crimes in Suwon reported in 2021.[66]

Suwon crime statistics, 2021
Category Crime Number
Property crime Theft 4,202
Possession of stolen property 8
Fraud 6,183
Embezzlement 1,277
Breach of trust 70
Destruction 1,510
Violent crime (serious) Murder 16
Robbery 7
Arson 28
Sexual assault 934
Violent crime (lesser) Violence 2,988
Injury 429
Intimidation 540
Extortion 159
Kidnapping, abduction 4
False arrest, confinement 33
Violation of The Punishment of Violence, Etc. Act (e.g., burglary) 29
Violation of The Punishment of Violences, Etc. Act (e g., Formation of illegal organizations, and such activities) 0
Forgery Currency 7
Valuable securities, revenue stamp, postage 2
Documents 228
Seal 11
Public official crime Abandonment of duties 18
Abuse of authority 30
Receiving bribes 2
Giving bribes 0
Crime against morality Gambling, lotteries 1,342
Deceased person 1
Other obscene acts 79
Negligence Inflicting bodily injury or death through negligence 52
Inflicting bodily injury or death through occupational negligence 47
Fire caused by negligence 57
Misc. Defamation 759
Obstruction of rights 134
Credit business, auction 438
Trespass 439
Violation of secrecy 4
Abandonment 5
Traffic obstruction 10
Obstruction of official duties 186
Escape, harbouring criminals 4
Perjury, destruction, and concealment of evidence 83
False accusation 108
Breach of the peace 4
Insurrection 0
Drinking water crimes 0
Water use crimes 0

Illegal dumping of household waste has been a problem in Suwon, and the city council responded to this by increasing urban greenery. This approach seems to have had some effect.[67]

Education edit

Colleges and universities edit

 
Sungkyunkwan University library

There are several universities and colleges in Suwon, including Sungkyunkwan University's Natural Sciences Campus, Kyonggi University, Ajou University, Dongnam Health University, Gukje Cyber University, Hapdong Theological Seminary, and Suwon Women's University. Despite their names, the University of Suwon and Suwon Science College are not actually in Suwon, but in neighbouring Hwaseong. The agricultural campus of Seoul National University was located in Suwon until 2005, but is now in Gwanak-gu, Seoul near its main campus.[68]

Schools edit

There are 44 high schools, 57 middle schools, 100 primary schools, and 180 kindergartens in Suwon.[69]

Schools and kindergartens in Suwon
Gwonseon-gu Jangan-gu Paldal-gu Yeongtong-gu Total
Kindergarten Public (dedicated k'gtn) 3 2 1 5 11
Public (in elem. sch.) 32 19 11 23 85
Private 29 21 10 24 84
Elementary school Public 33 22 15 28 98
Private 0 0 0 2 2
Middle School Public 13 13 5 20 51
Private 1 0 4 1 6
High School Public 7 9 3 12 31
Private 2 3 8 0 13

Suwon has three schools dedicated to special education: Jahye School (47 Subong-ro, Tap-dong, Gwonseon-gu, 37°15′55″N 126°58′39″E / 37.26528°N 126.97750°E / 37.26528; 126.97750),[70] Suwon Seokwang School (517 Jangan-ro, Imok-dong, Jangan-gu, 37°19′03″N 126°58′24″E / 37.31750°N 126.97333°E / 37.31750; 126.97333),[71] and Areum School (32 Gwanggyo-ro, Iui-dong, Yeongtong-gu, 37°17′07″N 127°02′23″E / 37.28528°N 127.03972°E / 37.28528; 127.03972).[72] Special education is also provided in some regular schools, e.g., Suwonbuk Middle School.[73]

There is also a centre for lifelong learning at Kyemyung High School (88 Jangan-ro 496 beon-gil, Imok-dong, Jangan-gu, 37°19′16″N 126°58′17″E / 37.32111°N 126.97139°E / 37.32111; 126.97139).

International schools edit

There are also two international schools in Suwon: Gyeonggi Suwon International School and Suwon Chinese International School (Korean: 수원화교중정소학교; Hanja: 水原華僑中正小學)[74]

Environment edit

Throughout South Korea, water management is a challenge.[75] Suwon is 11% self-sufficient in its use of water, and plans to increase this to 50% through rainwater harvesting, including building retention facilities; and by treating and reusing sewage.[76]

Air pollution in Suwon appears to be from a range of industrial and other sources, with origins of coarse particulate matter (PM10) shown in the pie chart.[77]

PM10 sources on the Suwon–Yongin border.

  Soil (25.4%)
  Secondary sulphate (produced in the atmosphere by photochemical processes acting on sulphuric compounds) (22.1%)
  Industry and oil combustion (13.8%)
  Secondary nitrate (produced by oxidation of some volatile organic compounds) (12.3%)
  Diesel emissions (12.1%)
  Gasoline emissions (5.6%)
  Sodium-rich sources (5.6%)
  Waste incineration (3.1%)

Industry edit

The main industrial employer in Suwon is Samsung. Samsung Electronics was founded in Suwon in 1969, and its headquarters are now located with its large R&D complex in central Suwon. The company is the largest employer in Suwon. Samsung's long-standing relationship with the city is seen in its sponsorship of various local sports teams, including Suwon Samsung Bluewings Football Club, and two of the oldest domestic basketball teams in Samsung Thunders and Samsung Life Blueminx, both of which have since moved out of Suwon.[78][79][80][81]

Other major companies in Suwon include SK Chemical,[82] Samsung SDI, and Samsung Electro-Mechanics.

Landmarks edit

Hwaseong Fortress edit

Hwaseong Fortress, built under the orders of King Jeongjo in 1796, is Suwon's most notable attraction, and is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The entire city used to be encircled by the fortress walls, but Suwon has long since expanded far beyond this boundary. There are four main gates in the walls, and Haenggung Palace in the centre of the fortress.

 
Hwaseomun (West Gate)
 
Seojangdae
 
Banghwasuryujeong
 
Paldalmun (South Gate)

Hyanggyo edit

Suwon Hyanggyo (Korean: 수원향교; Hanja: 水原鄕校) was a hyanggyo—a government-run school and Confucian ceremonial centre during the Goryeo and Joseon periods. During the Joseon Dynasty, it was the largest and oldest state school in Gyeonggi-do.[83] The school houses memorial tablets to Confucius, Mencius, and 25 Korean figures noteworthy to Confucianism.[84]

Originally built in 1291[85] beside Hwasan in Wau-ri, Bongdam-myeon, Hwaseong-gun, Suwon Hyanggyo was moved to its current location at 107–9 Hyanggyo-ro, Paldal-gu (37°16′22″N 127°0′44″E / 37.27278°N 127.01222°E / 37.27278; 127.01222) around 1795—the 19th year of King Jeongjo of the Joseon Dynasty—when Hwaseong Fortress was built,[85] and it has since undergone several repairs.

Hyanggyo is open to the public on weekdays from 9 a.m. till 5 p.m. It is closed at weekends.[85]

 
Oesam Gate
 
Myeongnyundang (front)
 
Myeongnyundang (rear)
 
Daeseongjeon

Bugugwon edit

 
Bugugwon

Bugugwon (Korean: 부국원; Hanja: 富國園), also known as Suwon Gu Bugugwon, built prior to 1923, is a cultural centre at 130 Hyanggyo-ro, Gyo-dong, Paldal-gu (37°16′21″N 127°0′52″E / 37.27250°N 127.01444°E / 37.27250; 127.01444). There is no record of the 85.95 m2 building's construction, but exterior photographs were published in 1923, When Korea was a Japanese colony, the building was the headquarters of Bugukwon Co., Ltd., which sold agricultural products such as fertilizers. After liberation, from 1952 to 1956, it temporarily housed the Suwon Court and the Public Prosecutor's Office. From 1957 to 1960, it was used as the Suwon City Education Support Office, and in 1974 the Republican Party used it as their Gyeonggi-do base. In 1979 the Suwon Arts Foundation was based here, and in 1981 it became an internal medicine clinic.[86] Since 2018, it has been a public cultural space.[87]

Culture and contemporary life edit

Housing edit

 
SK Skyview Apartments, Jeongja-dong

As is typical of urban South Korea, Suwon has many apartment complexes. while some areas have more jutaek (houses, often split into several units). While some areas are more affordable, Yeongtong-gu's housing is the seventh most expensive in the province.[61]

Food edit

Suwon is known for Suwon galbi, a variation on beef short ribs enjoyed throughout Korea. The city also has a wide variety of restaurants serving Korean and international cuisine.

Sports edit

Suwon's sports facilities include Suwon World Cup Stadium, which hosted 2002 FIFA World Cup matches, a gymnasium used in the 1988 Summer Olympic Games, a baseball field used by KT Wiz, an archery field, badminton courts, ten-pin bowling lanes, indoor swimming pools, tennis courts, and soft tennis courts.

Football edit

Suwon World Cup Stadium (37°01′11″N 127°02′13″E / 37.01972°N 127.03694°E / 37.01972; 127.03694) was built for the 2002 FIFA World Cup,[88] and is home to the K League 1 team Suwon Samsung Bluewings. Another K League 1 team, Suwon FC, and a WK League team, Suwon FC Women, play at the Suwon Sports Complex (37°01′52″N 127°00′41″E / 37.03111°N 127.01139°E / 37.03111; 127.01139).

Baseball edit

 
KT Wiz Stadium

Since 2013, Suwon has been home to KT Wiz. The team played at Sungkyunkwan University till Suwon Baseball Stadium (37°17′59″N 127°00′35″E / 37.29972°N 127.00972°E / 37.29972; 127.00972) remodelling was completed in time for their elevation to the KBO League in 2015.[89] The stadium was previously the home of the Hyundai Unicorns, but this team folded after the 2007 season.[90]

Indoor sports edit

The 5,145-capacity Suwon Gymnasium (37°17′54″N 127°00′33″E / 37.29833°N 127.00917°E / 37.29833; 127.00917) hosted the handball events in the 1988 Summer Olympics, and handball and table tennis matches at the 2014 Asian Games.[91] It is currently home to two volleyball teams.

Basketball edit

Two of the Korean Basketball League and Women's Korean Basketball League's oldest teams, Samsung Thunders and Samsung Life Blueminx, respectively, used to be based in Suwon. Samsung Thunders relocated to Jamsil Arena in Seoul in 2001,[78][79] while four years later, Samsung Life moved to Yongin.[80][81] Top-flight men's basketball returned to Suwon in 2021, when KT Sonicboom relocated to the renamed Suwon KT Sonicboom Arena (formerly Seosuwon Chilbo Gymnasium, 37°16′35″N 126°56′54″E / 37.27639°N 126.94833°E / 37.27639; 126.94833) from Busan.[92]

Volleyball edit

Suwon Gymnasium is home to the men's and women's volleyball teams Suwon Kepco Vixtorm and Suwon Hyundai Engineering & Construction Hillstate respectively, which play in the V-League.

Museums edit

Suwon has two national museums and a number of smaller institutions.

The National Map Museum of Korea is at 92 Worldcup-ro, Woncheon-dong, Yeongtong-gu (37°16′34″N 127°3′19″E / 37.27611°N 127.05528°E / 37.27611; 127.05528). It houses a collection of 33,598 maps. Admission is free, and the museum opens daily from 10 a.m. to 5 p.m.[93]

The National Agricultural Museum of Korea opened by Seoho Lake in December 2022.[94] Located at 154 Suin-ro, Seodun-dong, Gwonseon-gu (37°16′34″N 126°59′0″E / 37.27611°N 126.98333°E / 37.27611; 126.98333), admission is free, and the museum is open daily from 10 a.m. till 6 p.m.[95]

Suwon Hwaseong Museum, at 21 Changryong-daero, Maehyang-dong, Paldal-gu (37°16′57″N 127°1′8″E / 37.28250°N 127.01889°E / 37.28250; 127.01889), features exhibits contextualising and explaining the construction of Hwaseong.[96]

Mr. Toilet House is a toilet museum built in 2007 at 463 Jangan-ro, Imok-dong, Jangan-gu (37°19′9″N 126°58′41″E / 37.31917°N 126.97806°E / 37.31917; 126.97806).[97] Ownership was transferred to the city council in 2009.[98]

Libraries edit

Suwon Central Library opened at 318 Paldalsan-ro, Gyo-dong, Paldal-gu (37°16′25″N 127°00′44″E / 37.27361°N 127.01222°E / 37.27361; 127.01222) in 1980.[99][100] Today the city has 27 public libraries—seven in Gwonseon-gu, five in Jangan-gu, six in Paldal-gu, and nine in Yeongtong-gu[99]—and plans to build another in Imok-dong.[101]

Parks and Gardens edit

 
Irwol Arboretum greenhouse

Irwol Arboretum (일월 수목원, 37°17′22″N 126°58′33″E / 37.28944°N 126.97583°E / 37.28944; 126.97583) and Yeongheung Arboretum (영흥 수목원, 37°15′49″N 127°04′16″E / 37.26361°N 127.07111°E / 37.26361; 127.07111) opened on 19 May 2023 beside Irwol Reservoir and Yeongheung Park respectively.[102][103] The 10.15-hectare (25.1-acre) Irwol Arboretum features 429,000 plants of 52,000 species, while Yeongheung Arboretum hosts 118,000 plants of 42,000 species over 14.6 hectares (36 acres).[103] There are also many parks scattered through the city, some of which, e.g., Gwanggyo Lake Park, Seoho Park, Irwol Park, and Manseok Park, contain sizeable lakes. Some parks target outdoor activities; for example, Manseok Park has facilities such as tennis courts (indoor & outdoor), soccer pitches (dirt and artificial turf), and the Suwon X-Games skatepark. Others, e.g., Gwanggyo History Park, have a more traditional focus.

 
Manseok Park
 
Tomb of Simon (심온), Gwanggyo History Park

Media edit

Newspapers based in Suwon include the Kyeonggi Daily (경기일보), based in Jangan-gu; and the Kyeongin Daily (경인일보) and Suwon Daily (수원일보), based in Paldal-gu. These publish exclusively in Korean.

National broadcaster KBS has a drama studio and art hall in Ingye-dong, Yeongtong-gu (37°16′16″N 127°01′51″E / 37.27111°N 127.03083°E / 37.27111; 127.03083). These are open to visits by appointment.[104]

Cinemas edit

Suwon has several major multiplex cinemas, e.g., Megabox by Suwon Bus Terminal, CGV and Lotte Cinema by Suwon Station, and Kinex 5 in Yeongtong-gu. Other smaller cinemas, which may show fewer foreign films, include Cinema Town, Taehan Theater, Piccadilly Theater, Jungang Theater, Royal Theater, Dano Theater, and Dano Art Hall.[105]

Retail edit

 
Avenue France

There are several major shopping centres across Suwon, e.g., AK Plaza and Lotte Mall at Suwon Station, and Avenue France and Alleyway in Gwanggyo. Another large centre, Starfield, is under construction beside Hwaseo Station.[106]

Public toilets edit

In the early 21st century, Suwon City Council strove to improve the condition of its public lavatories; after such efforts, there were guided tours of the municipal facilities.[107][108] Suwon also hosted several international forums on toilet management, and the World Toilet Association is based in the city.[109]

Transport edit

Rail edit

 
Suwon Station

Suwon is a regional transportation hub, with Suwon Station a major stop served by KTX and other trains on the Gyeongbu Line connecting Seoul to Busan. Until 1973, the Suryo Line also connected Suwon to Yeoju. The Suin Line also connected Suwon to Incheon, and this line has been reconstructed as part of the Seoul Metro.[110]

Metro edit

Suwon is served by three lines (14 stations) on the Seoul Metro.

Construction on an extension of the Sinbundang Line to Homaesil is scheduled to begin in 2024.[111] Another planned line—the Dongtan–Indeogwon Line—should create several new stations in Suwon, but this has been delayed, promoting affected cities to call for urgent action.[112]

Buses edit

 
Gwanggyo Jungang Underground Transfer Centre

There are two inter-city bus terminals in Suwon with connections to many cities nationwide: Suwon Bus Terminal near Seryu Station, and West Suwon Bus Terminal near Sungkyunkwan University. Suwon is connected to Seoul and other nearby cities by city and express buses with departure points across the city.

In 2017, Suwon Station Transfer Center opened to the west of the Gyeongbu Line. This new bank of bus stops was built to alleviate pressure on bus and taxi stands across the tracks.[113] Another transfer centre is incorporated into Gwanggyo Jungang Station; this is underground, and bus stands feature screen doors.[114] Suwon has invested heavily in electric buses—in 2019, it built the country's largest bus charging station at 46 Gyeongsu-daero 1220beon-gil, Pajang-dong.[115]

Roads edit

The Yeongdong Expressway (50) passes through Suwon, with two exits within the city limits: North Suwon and East Suwon. The Gwanggyo Sanghyeon exit on the Yongin–Seoul Expressway (171) is on Suwon's border with Yongin, and the Pyeongtaek–Paju Expressway (17) also has an exit in Suwon (Geumgok). Nearby Homaesil is one of Suwon's more notorious bottlenecks.[116] Despite its name, the Suwon exit of the Gyeongbu Expressway (1) lies in Singal in neighbouring Yongin.

Bicycles edit

Suwon was the first place in Korea to introduce dockless shared bicycles for hire.[117] Traversing Suwon by regular bicycle is also relatively easy as there are numerous cycle paths beside the streams that cut through the city. However, some of these are in poor condition.[118]

Car-free zones edit

In 2013, the city hosted the EcoMobility World Festival in Haenggung-dong, where for one month, streets were closed to cars as a car-free experiment. Instead of cars, residents used non-motorized vehicles provided by the festival organizers.[119] The experiment was not unopposed; however, on balance it was considered a success. Following the festival, the city began discussing whether to adopt the practice on a permanent basis.[120]

Military edit

Suwon Air Base in Jangji-dong, Gwonseon-gu was used by the United States Air Force during the Korean War, when it was the scene of the conflict's first aerial combat. Today the base is under Republic of Korea Air Force jurisdiction, though it is still managed and maintained by the US military.[121]

Fauna edit

Suwon's wildlife is similar to that of most of Gyeonggi-do. A notable species, however, is the endangered Suwon tree frog.[122][123] This is one of only two tree frogs to inhabit the Korean peninsula,[123] and it lives only in the Gyeonggi-do area.

Mammals edit

Mammals living on Gwanggyosan and elsewhere in the city include the raccoon dog,[124][125] Japanese mole,[125] Siberian weasel,[125] water deer,[125] Korean hare,[125] red squirrel (Sciurus vulgaris mantchuricus),[125] house mouse,[125] striped field mouse,[125] and the Eurasian harvest mouse.[125]

Birds edit

A variety of birds inhabit Suwon. For example, Irwol Lake is home to great crested grebes, goshawks, and mandarins[126] among other species, and swans began wintering on the lake in 2022.[127] Suwon also appears to be Korea's first recorded breeding site of the white-breasted waterhen.[128] Other birds in Suwon include the Eurasian tree sparrow,[129] Oriental magpie,[129] large-billed crow,[129] rook,[130] brown-eared bulbul,[129] vinous-throated parrotbill,[129] rock dove,[129] marsh tit,[129][131] Japanese tit,[131] coal tit,[131] varied tit,[131] Eastern spot-billed duck,[129] great cormorant,[129] grey heron,[129] striated heron,[129] great white egret,[129] little egret,[129] and common sandpiper.[129]

Notable people edit

Notable people from Suwon include:

Deceased edit

List in chronological order of birth

  • Yeom Gyeongae (염경애; 廉瓊愛, 1100–1146, noble, pious wife of Choi Rubaek)[132]
  • Choi Rubaek (최루백; 崔婁伯, –1205, pious son)[133][134]
  • Lee Go (이고; 李皐, 1341–1420, Goryeo subject opposed to Joseon)[133]
  • Kim Jullyong (김준룡; 金俊龍, 1586–1642, military general, defeated Qing soldiers at Gwanggyosan)[133]
  • Woo Hayeong (우하영; 禹夏永, 1741–1812, Silhak scholar, agricultural pioneer)[133]
  • Lim Myeonsu (임면수; 林勉洙, 13 June 1874–29 November 1930, independence activist)[133]
  • Cha Injae (차인재; 車仁載, 1895–1971, independence activist)[135][136]
  • Kim Sehwan (김세환; 金世煥, 1889–1945, educator, independence activist)[133]
  • Na Hyeseok (나혜석; 羅蕙錫, 28 April 1896–10 December 1948, feminist, painter, writer, poet, sculptor, journalist)[137][133]
  • Kim Hyanghwa (김향화; 金香花, 1897–?, gisaeng, independence activist)[138][133]
  • Park Seontae (박선태; 朴善泰, 1901–1938, independence activist)[133]
  • Lee Seongyeong (이선경; 李善卿, 1902–1921, independence activist)[133]
  • Choi Munsun (최문순; 崔文順, 1903–?, independence activist)[139]
  • Kim Jangseong (김장성; 金長星, 7 February 1913–9 March 1932, independence activist)[133]
  • Hong Jongcheol (홍종철; 洪鐘哲, 26 March 1920–22 July 1989, independence activist)[133]
  • Yun Hanheum (윤한흠; 尹漢欽, 1923–22 August 2016, artist) [140][141][142]

Living edit

List in alphabetical order by surname

  • Han-na Chang (장한나; 張漢娜, 23 December 1982–, conductor, cellist)[143][144]
  • Chung Hyeon (정현; 鄭泫, 19 May 1996–, tennis player)[145][146]
  • Im Chang-kyun (임창균; 任創均, stage name I.M, 26 January 1996–, rapper, singer, songwriter)
  • Jeon Ji-yoon (전지윤; 田祉潤, 15 October 1990–, rapper, singer, songwriter, actor)[147]
  • Stella Hanbyul Jeung (정한별, opera singer)[148]
  • Jo Kwon (조권; 趙權, 28 August 1989–, singer, actor, presenter)
  • Joo Won (문준원; 文晙原; Mun Junwon, stage name Joo Won, 30 September 1987–, actor)
  • Kim Dong-hyun (김동현; 金東炫, 17 November 1981–, MMA fighter)[149][150]
  • Kim Jang-hwan (김장환, known as Billy Kim, 25 July 1934–, pastor, former President of the Baptist World Alliance, President of the Far East Broadcasting Company)[64]
  • Kim Myung-jun (김명준; 金明俊, stage name MJ, 5 March 1994–, singer, actor, model)
  • Kim Sungbae (김성배; 金成培, 1954–, artist)[151]
  • Kim Yugwon (김유권; 金有權, stage name U-Kwon, 9 April 1992–, singer)[152]
  • Lee Chang-sub (이창섭; 李昌燮, 26 February 1991–, singer)
  • Lee Dong-hun (이동훈, 28 February 1993–, singer, A.C.E)
  • Lee Jin-ki (이진기; 李珍基, stage name Onew, 14 December 1989–, singer, songwriter, actor, presenter)[153]
  • Lee Jong-suk (이종석; 李鐘奭, 14 September 1989–, actor, model)[154]
  • Lee Ju-eun (이주은; 李宙恩, 7 June 1995–, singer, actor)
  • Oh Kyo-moon (오교문; 吳教文, 2 March 1972–, archer)[155]
  • Sam Oh (오상미; O Sangmi, 15 January 1980–, presenter, columnist)[156]
  • Park Hae-soo (박해수; 朴海秀, 21 November 1981–, actor)[157][158]
  • Park Ji-sung (박지성; 朴智星, 30 March 1981–, footballer) Park was born in Seoul but raised in Suwon. In 2005, a city street was renamed after him.[159]
  • Ryu Jun-yeol (류준열; 柳俊烈, 25 September 1986–, actor)[160][161]
  • Seol Yoeun (설요은, 2012–, violinist)[162]
  • Shin Dong-hee (신동희; 申東熙, stage name Shindong, 28 September 1985–, rapper, singer, dancer, presenter, video director)[163]
  • Shin Yu-na (신유나; 申有娜, 9 December 2003–, rapper, singer)
  • Song Kang (송강; 宋江, 23 April 1994–, actor)[164]
  • Yoo Hyun-young (유현영, 6 September 1976–, actor)
  • Yoo Jeong-yeon (유전연; 俞定延, 1 November 1996–, singer)[165]
  • Yoon Bo-mi (윤보미; 尹普美, 13 August 1993–, singer, actor)[166][167]

Twin towns and sister cities edit

See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in South Korea

Suwon is twinned with:[168]

See also edit

Notes edit

References edit

Citations edit

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External links edit

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Suwon.
  • Suwon City Council (in Korean)
  • Suwon F.C (in Korean)
  • Suwon Samsung Bluewings (in Korean)
  • KT Wiz (in Korean)

November 23, 2023
suwon, korean, 수원, hanja, 水原, water, source, korean, sʰu, wʌn, capital, largest, city, gyeonggi, south, korea, most, populous, province, lies, approximately, south, national, capital, seoul, with, population, close, million, more, residents, than, ulsan, metro. Suwon Korean 수원 Hanja 水原 lit Water source 3 Korean sʰu wʌn is the capital and largest city of Gyeonggi do South Korea s most populous province Suwon lies approximately 30 km 19 mi south of the national capital Seoul With a population close to 1 million it has more residents than Ulsan Metropolitan City 1 4 though it has a lesser degree of self governance as a special case city 5 Suwon 수원특례시Specific cityKorean transcription s Hangul수원특례시 Hanja水原特例市 Revised RomanizationSuwon teungnyesi McCune ReischauerSuwŏn t ŭkrye siFrom top left to right view of Suwon from Paldalsan Mountain Suwon World Cup Stadium Hwaseong Haenggung Palace Hwaseong Fortress Gwanggyo Lake Park Suwon StationFlagEmblem of SuwonLocation in South KoreaCoordinates 37 16 N 127 01 E 37 267 N 127 017 E 37 267 127 017Country South KoreaAreaGyeonggi Province Seoul Capital Administrative divisions4 gu 43 dongGovernment TypeMayor Council MayorLee Jae jun Democratic CouncilSuwon City Council Members of the Gyeonggi Provincial CouncilList Kim Jae Gui DPK 1st Electoral District Suwon CityKim Ju Seong DPK 2nd Electoral District Suwon CityKim Sang Hoi DPK 3rd Electoral District Suwon CityPark Dong Hyeon DPK 4th Electoral District Suwon CityLee Seung Cheol PPP 5th Electoral District Suwon CityKim Ho Kyum DPK 6th Electoral District Suwon CityOh Wan Seok DPK 7th Electoral District Suwon CityAn Hye Young DPK 8th Electoral District Suwon City Members of the National AssemblyList Lee Chan yeol DPK Electoral District ABaek Hye ryeon DPK Electoral District BKim Yeong jin DPK Electoral District CPark Kwang on DPK Electoral District DKim Jin pyo DPK Electoral District EArea Total121 04 km2 46 73 sq mi Highest elevation Gwanggyosan 582 m 1 909 ft Population 27 April 2023 Total1 226 873 1 DialectGyeonggiArea code 82 31 2xxFlowerAzalea 2 TreePine 2 BirdEgret 2 WebsiteSuwon City CouncilTraditionally known as the City of Filial Piety 6 today Suwon retains a variety of historical features As a walled city it is a popular destination for day trippers from Seoul 7 and these city walls appear among the province s more popular sites Suwon also plays an important economic role Samsung Electronics Korea s largest company by sales 8 is based in the city The company s research and development centre is in Yeongtong gu where its headquarters have also been located since 2016 9 Samsung s presence in Suwon is clearly visible the company is a partner of Sungkyunkwan University 10 which has its Natural Sciences Campus in the city and the company owns the four time K League champions 11 and two time Asian Super Cup winners 12 13 Suwon Samsung Bluewings Suwon is home to several universities e g Sungkyunkwan University Ajou University 14 and several football baseball basketball and volleyball teams including Suwon Samsung Bluewings Suwon FC and KT Wiz The city is served by three expressways the national railway network and three lines on the Seoul Metropolitan Subway Contents 1 History 1 1 Relocation of the city centre and construction of Hwaseong Fortress 1 2 Japanese occupation 1 3 Korean War 1 4 Recent history 2 Geography 2 1 Topography 2 2 Water flow 2 3 Lakes 2 4 Geology 2 4 1 Precambrian gneiss 2 4 2 Mesozoic intrusive rocks 2 4 3 Fault 2 5 Climate 2 6 Administrative divisions 3 Demography 3 1 Religion 3 1 1 Mireukdang 3 2 Crime 4 Education 4 1 Colleges and universities 4 2 Schools 4 2 1 International schools 5 Environment 6 Industry 7 Landmarks 7 1 Hwaseong Fortress 7 2 Hyanggyo 7 3 Bugugwon 8 Culture and contemporary life 8 1 Housing 8 2 Food 8 3 Sports 8 3 1 Football 8 3 2 Baseball 8 3 3 Indoor sports 8 3 3 1 Basketball 8 3 3 2 Volleyball 8 4 Museums 8 5 Libraries 8 6 Parks and Gardens 8 7 Media 8 8 Cinemas 8 9 Retail 8 10 Public toilets 9 Transport 9 1 Rail 9 2 Metro 9 3 Buses 9 4 Roads 9 5 Bicycles 9 6 Car free zones 10 Military 11 Fauna 11 1 Mammals 11 2 Birds 12 Notable people 12 1 Deceased 12 2 Living 13 Twin towns and sister cities 14 See also 15 Notes 16 References 16 1 Citations 17 External linksHistory editSuwon has historically gone by many names In ancient tribal times it was known as Mosu guk 모수국 part of the Mahan confederacy During the Proto Three Kingdoms period era the area that today comprises Suwon and neighbouring Hwaseong was called Maehol gun 매홀군 15 In 757 under King Gyeongdeok of Unified Silla the name was changed to Suseong gun 수성군 In 940 during the Goryeo Dynasty it changed again in to Suju 수주 15 Finally in 1413 King Taejong of the Joseon Dynasty changed the name to Suwon the name still in use today 16 though in the 19th century it was often spelt Sou wen 17 In 1592 during the Imjin wars Commander Yi Gwang attempted to launch his army toward the capital city Seoul at the time named Hanseong 18 The army was withdrawn however after news reached the commander that the city had already been sacked 18 As the army grew to 50 000 men by accumulating several volunteer forces Yi Gwang and the irregular commanders reconsidered their aim of reclaiming the capital and led the combined forces north to Suwon 18 Relocation of the city centre and construction of Hwaseong Fortress edit In 1796 during the Joseon Dynasty King Jeongjo relocated the city centre from modern day Annyeong dong at the foot of Hwasan a hill in Hwasan dong Hwaseong City to its current location to the east of Paldalsan 19 To protect this new city he instructed that Hwaseong Fortress be built and this fortified wall encompassed the entire city 20 Hwaseong was originally built under the guidance of philosopher Jeong Yak yong and its construction was one of Korea s first examples of paid labour corvee labour having been common previously 21 Shortly after King Jeongjo s death in 1800 Hwaseong Seongyeok Uigwe 화성 성역 의궤 華城城域儀軌 was published This document more precise that other such construction records from the time exhaustively detailed the construction of the fortress 22 Since Hwaseong was damaged severely during the Korean War this meticulous record of its construction has proven invaluable during reconstruction efforts from 1964 to the present day 20 Though Suwon was once entirely encircled by the fortress modern urban growth has seen the city spread out far beyond the walls 23 The fortress is now a designated UNESCO World Heritage site 20 and it is often featured in the city and province s promotional materials Japanese occupation edit It appears that a focal point in Suwon s resistance to Japanese occupation was Adams Memorial Hall at 342 Suwoncheon ro Maehyang dong Paldal gu 37 17 03 N 127 01 08 E 37 28417 N 127 01889 E 37 28417 127 01889 Under Pastor William Noble this 1923 building was constructed in Samil Middle School grounds with funding from a church in North Adams Massachusetts from the Suwon Jongno Church 830 Jeongjo ro Buksu dong 37 16 55 N 127 01 01 E 37 28194 N 127 01694 E 37 28194 127 01694 and from local residents Here independence activists including Park Seon tae and Lee Deuk su met weekly to discuss their rebellion 24 nbsp Adams Memorial HallKorean War edit When the Korean War began the United States Air Force 49th Fighter Wing then stationed in Japan was sent to Korea 25 with an initial mission of evacuating civilians from Suwon and Gimpo 26 While on this mission on 27 June 1950 US planes in Suwon were attacked by North Korean fighters and the Battle of Suwon Airfield became the first aerial combat of the war Suwon Airfield was attacked again two days later while General Douglas MacArthur was on site 27 Though the US repelled these attacks Suwon fell to the advancing North Koreans one week later on 4 July 1950 28 The Battle of Osan the first conflict between United States and North Korean forces occurred the following day Defences were erected on the road between occupied Suwon and still southern Osan As Northern troops advanced south a 3 hour battle ensued in which 150 United States and 42 North Korean soldiers were killed and the US troops were forced to retreat The North Korean advance southwards to Osan was delayed by an estimated seven hours 29 30 nbsp North Korean T 34 85 caught on a bridge south of Suwon by US attack aircraft in the Korean WarIn the early days of the war southern authorities feared left leaning civilians and many were killed Eyewitness account from US intelligence officer Donald Nichols places Suwon as the location of a massacre of approximately 1 800 suspected Communist civilians by South Korean authorities on 28 29 or 30 June 1950 depending on source 31 32 33 On 16 December 1950 the Greek Expeditionary Force relocated from Busan to Suwon attached to the US 1st Cavalry Division 34 In late 1951 the United States Air Force s top fighter pilot Gabby Gabreski was placed in charge of Suwon Air Base also known then as K 13 26 35 In total Suwon changed hands four times during the war A memorial to the French forces was erected in 1974 in Jangan gu near the Yeongdong Expressway s North Suwon exit 37 19 40 N 126 59 08 E 37 32778 N 126 98556 E 37 32778 126 98556 36 This was renovated in 2013 37 Recent history edit In 1949 Seoul left Gyeonggi do 38 and in the same year Suwon eup in Suwon gun became Suwon City while the remainder of Suwon gun became Hwaseong gun 39 Suwon became the capital of Gyeonggi do on 23 June 1967 when the provincial office was relocated from Seoul 40 On 1 January 1963 Suwon expanded greatly as Cheoncheon ri Daehwanggyo ri Gokbanjeong ri Gosaek ri Guun ri Gwonseon ri Hagwanggyo ri Imok ri Jangji ri Jeongja ri Jowon ri Maetan ri Omokcheon ri Pajang ri Pyeong ri Sanggwanggyo ri Songjuk ri Tap ri Woncheon ri and Yuljeon ri were incorporated from Hwaseong gun 41 On 15 February 1983 further expansion saw Ha ri and Iui ri switch from Yongin to Suwon 42 On 1 January 1987 Suwon expanded westwards as Geumgok ri and Homaesil ri were acquired from Maesong myeon in Hwaseong 43 44 Yeongtong ri transferred from Hwaseong to Suwon on 26 December 1994 along with parts of Sin ri and Mangpo ri and part of Yeongdeok ri from Yongin 45 The remainder of Sun ri and Mangpo ri joined Suwon on 20 April 1995 On 9 May 2007 in preparation for the construction of the new town of Gwanggyo there was a two way exchange of land between Ha dong in Suwon and neighbouring Sanghyeon dong in Yongin 46 47 A similar exchange on 13 September 2019 saw parcels of land switch sides between Woncheon dong in Suwon and Yongin s Yeongdeok dong 48 49 With further boundary changes on 24 July 2020 parts of Shin dong and Mangpo dong in Suwon and Banjeong dong in Hwaseong were exchanged 50 Geography editSuwon lies in the north of the Gyeonggi plain just south of South Korea s capital Seoul It is bordered by Uiwang to the north west Yongin to the east the city of Hwaseong to the south west and Ansan to the west At its closest point on the 239 metre 784 ft Chilbosan ridge to the west Suwon lies 18 2 km 11 3 mi from the western tip of Ueumdo in Sihwa Lake an inlet of the Yellow Sea cordoned off to drive the world s largest tidal power station 51 Topography edit There are several hills around Suwon the highest of which is Gwanggyosan 582 m 1 909 ft 37 20 41 N 127 02 01 E 37 34472 N 127 03361 E 37 34472 127 03361 to the north of the city bordering Yongin 52 Water flow edit Most of the streams passing through Suwon originate on Gwanggyosan or other nearby peaks to the north of the city Since Suwon is bounded to the west by Chilbosan and to the east by other hills the streams chiefly the Suwoncheon and Seohocheon flow southwards through the city joining the Hwanggujicheon and eventually emptying into the Yellow Sea at Asan Bay The entirety of Suwon is drained in this manner 53 Lakes edit There are few natural lakes on South Korea s mainland and none in Suwon There are however many small reservoirs namely Chungmanje 축만제 otherwise known as Seoho 서호 37 16 39 N 126 59 19 E 37 27750 N 126 98861 E 37 27750 126 98861 near Hwaseo Station Irwol Reservoir 일원 저수지 37 17 15 N 126 58 23 E 37 28750 N 126 97306 E 37 28750 126 97306 near Sungkyunkwan University Bambat Reservoir 밤밭 저수지 37 18 23 N 126 58 16 E 37 30639 N 126 97111 E 37 30639 126 97111 near Sungkyunkwan University Station Ilwang Reservoir 일왕 저수지 37 17 58 N 127 00 03 E 37 29944 N 127 00083 E 37 29944 127 00083 otherwise called Manseokkeo 만석거 in Manseok Park Pajang Reservoir 파장 저수지 37 19 41 N 126 59 41 E 37 32806 N 126 99472 E 37 32806 126 99472 near the North Suwon exit of the Yeongdong Expressway Gwanggyo Reservoir 광교 저수지 37 18 24 N 127 01 41 E 37 30667 N 127 02806 E 37 30667 127 02806 and Hagwanggyo Reservoir 하광교 소류지 37 19 29 N 127 01 39 E 37 32472 N 127 02750 E 37 32472 127 02750 at the foot of Gwanggyosan Woncheon and Sindae Reservoirs 원천 저수지 37 16 45 N 127 03 45 E 37 27917 N 127 06250 E 37 27917 127 06250 신대 저수지 37 17 09 N 127 04 26 E 37 28583 N 127 07389 E 37 28583 127 07389 in Gwanggyo Lake Park and Geumgok Reservoir 금곡 저수지 37 16 32 N 126 56 39 E 37 27556 N 126 94417 E 37 27556 126 94417 a small lake at the foot of Chilbosan Wangsong Reservoir 왕송 저수지 37 18 22 N 126 56 50 E 37 30611 N 126 94722 E 37 30611 126 94722 on the northern Uiwang border used to be partly in Suwon but after controversial boundary changes it is now entirely in Uiwang 54 Geology edit Suwon is primarily composed of Precambrian metamorphic rock and has amphibolites that intrude through these and also granites from the Mesozoic Era 55 Precambrian gneiss edit Biotite gneiss Precambrian biotite gneiss PCEbgn is found in northern Suwon specifically Pajang dong Gwanggyo dong Woncheon dong and Maetan dong Visible rocks here are composed of quartz feldspar biotite amphibole and muscovite and are generally dark gray or dark green Mesozoic biotite granite intrudes through these 55 Precambrian quartzo feldspathic gneiss PCEqgn is distributed in some mountainous areas in Hagwanggyo dong and Sanggwanggyo dong in northern Suwon This gneiss has undergone silicification most predominantly and is mainly composed of quartz feldspar biotite and muscovite It is grey dark grey grey brown and white 55 Mesozoic intrusive rocks edit Biotite granite Jbgr from the Jurassic period of the Mesozoic Era constitutes most of Suwon and is centred on Paldalsan 37 16 44 N 127 00 37 E 37 27889 N 127 01028 E 37 27889 127 01028 It is a form of Daebo granite and is distributed through Homaesil dong Geumgok dong Dangsu dong Seryu dong Seodun dong Gwonseon dong and other areas The main constituent minerals are quartz plagioclase orthotic biotite and amphibole 55 Fault edit Suwon s single fault splits from the Singal Fault in Iui dong Yeongtong gu creating the Woncheonri Stream and follows this stream to Ha dong Woncheon dong and Maetan dong It joins the Hwangguji Stream in Annyeong dong Hwaseong City This is a 20 km long vertical fault running SSW eventually to the Yellow Sea In Suwon biotite gneiss and biotite granite are brought into contact by this fault 55 Climate edit Suwon has a humid continental climate Koppen Dwa but can be considered a borderline humid subtropical climate Koppen Cwa using the 3 C 27 F isotherm Climate data for Suwon 1991 2020 normals extremes 1964 present Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec YearRecord high C F 15 3 59 5 19 3 66 7 25 0 77 0 30 5 86 9 33 2 91 8 34 0 93 2 37 5 99 5 39 3 102 7 33 7 92 7 29 0 84 2 25 8 78 4 17 8 64 0 39 3 102 7 Average high C F 2 8 37 0 5 6 42 1 11 3 52 3 18 2 64 8 23 6 74 5 27 5 81 5 29 3 84 7 30 3 86 5 26 4 79 5 20 4 68 7 12 5 54 5 4 9 40 8 17 7 63 9 Daily mean C F 2 1 28 2 0 3 32 5 5 7 42 3 12 0 53 6 17 6 63 7 22 2 72 0 25 3 77 5 26 0 78 8 21 4 70 5 14 6 58 3 7 2 45 0 0 1 32 2 12 5 54 5 Average low C F 6 6 20 1 4 5 23 9 0 6 33 1 6 4 43 5 12 3 54 1 17 9 64 2 22 1 71 8 22 7 72 9 17 1 62 8 9 4 48 9 2 4 36 3 4 2 24 4 8 0 46 4 Record low C F 24 8 12 6 25 8 14 4 11 3 11 7 4 7 23 5 2 3 36 1 7 8 46 0 13 2 55 8 13 0 55 4 3 6 38 5 3 6 25 5 12 6 9 3 24 4 11 9 25 8 14 4 Average precipitation mm inches 18 1 0 71 28 3 1 11 40 7 1 60 71 6 2 82 95 0 3 74 122 9 4 84 385 1 15 16 296 3 11 67 133 5 5 26 54 1 2 13 48 9 1 93 25 8 1 02 1 320 3 51 98 Average precipitation days 0 1 mm 6 7 6 2 7 0 8 0 8 6 9 6 15 4 14 0 8 6 6 1 9 0 8 3 107 5Average snowy days 6 9 5 3 2 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 8 6 8 23 1Average relative humidity 63 0 61 9 62 2 62 1 66 1 71 4 79 9 77 6 73 2 69 8 67 9 64 4 68 3Mean monthly sunshine hours 174 3 178 7 205 7 214 5 229 7 195 0 138 2 168 7 184 6 208 9 162 5 166 2 2 227Percent possible sunshine 54 0 56 2 53 4 54 6 50 4 42 8 30 5 39 5 48 8 57 4 51 6 53 4 48 6Source Korea Meteorological Administration percent sunshine 1981 2010 56 57 58 Administrative divisions edit See also Administrative divisions of South Korea nbsp Districts of SuwonThe city is composed of four gu districts 14 Jangan gu 장안구 and Gwonseon gu 권선구 were established on 1 July 1988 and on 1 February 1993 parts of Jangan gu and Gwonseon gu became a new district Paldal gu 팔달구 The newest district is Yeongtong gu 영통구 which separated from Paldal gu on 24 November 2003 These districts are in turn divided into 42 dong 59 There are several new towns in Suwon such as Homaesil and Gwanggyo The latter is perhaps the most notable of these the first stage of construction of this large residential area in eastern Suwon was completed in 2011 60 Gwanggyo is in Yeongtong gu which has Gyeonggi do s seventh most expensive housing 61 Demography editSuwon is 50 3 male 49 7 female and 2 82 foreign On average there are 2 31 residents per household Further details for each district are shown below 1 Total people Korean males Korean females Korean total Foreign males Foreign females Foreign total Suwon total 1 226 873 1 600 239 591 986 1 192 225 17 211 17 437 34 648Gwonseon gu 376 541 185 722 181 896 367 618 4 307 4 616 8 923Jangan gu 275 983 135 528 133 875 269 403 3 263 3 317 6 580Paldal gu 204 560 97 354 96 009 193 363 5 750 5 447 11 197Yeongtong gu 369 789 181 635 180 206 361 841 3 891 4 057 7 948 Religion edit See also Religion in South Korea Suwon has churches from a variety of Christian denominations and a range of Buddhist temples The Catholic Diocese of Suwon was created in 1963 by Pope Paul VI 62 63 The cathedral is at 39 Imok ro Jeongja dong 37 18 38 N 126 59 06 E 37 31056 N 126 98500 E 37 31056 126 98500 The former president of the Baptist World Alliance Kim Janghwan Billy Kim was born in Suwon 64 and founded the Central Baptist Church 65 though this is located in Yongin Mireukdang edit nbsp MireukdangMireukdang Korean 미륵당 Hanja 彌勒堂 37 19 16 N 126 59 20 E 37 32111 N 126 98889 E 37 32111 126 98889 is a small shrine to Maitreya in Pajang dong Jangan gu Its religious basis is a fusion of Buddhism and traditional local religions Crime edit The following table tallies crimes in Suwon reported in 2021 66 Suwon crime statistics 2021 Category Crime NumberProperty crime Theft 4 202Possession of stolen property 8Fraud 6 183Embezzlement 1 277Breach of trust 70Destruction 1 510Violent crime serious Murder 16Robbery 7Arson 28Sexual assault 934Violent crime lesser Violence 2 988Injury 429Intimidation 540Extortion 159Kidnapping abduction 4False arrest confinement 33Violation of The Punishment of Violence Etc Act e g burglary 29Violation of The Punishment of Violences Etc Act e g Formation of illegal organizations and such activities 0Forgery Currency 7Valuable securities revenue stamp postage 2Documents 228Seal 11Public official crime Abandonment of duties 18Abuse of authority 30Receiving bribes 2Giving bribes 0Crime against morality Gambling lotteries 1 342Deceased person 1Other obscene acts 79Negligence Inflicting bodily injury or death through negligence 52Inflicting bodily injury or death through occupational negligence 47Fire caused by negligence 57Misc Defamation 759Obstruction of rights 134Credit business auction 438Trespass 439Violation of secrecy 4Abandonment 5Traffic obstruction 10Obstruction of official duties 186Escape harbouring criminals 4Perjury destruction and concealment of evidence 83False accusation 108Breach of the peace 4Insurrection 0Drinking water crimes 0Water use crimes 0Illegal dumping of household waste has been a problem in Suwon and the city council responded to this by increasing urban greenery This approach seems to have had some effect 67 Education editColleges and universities edit nbsp Sungkyunkwan University libraryThere are several universities and colleges in Suwon including Sungkyunkwan University s Natural Sciences Campus Kyonggi University Ajou University Dongnam Health University Gukje Cyber University Hapdong Theological Seminary and Suwon Women s University Despite their names the University of Suwon and Suwon Science College are not actually in Suwon but in neighbouring Hwaseong The agricultural campus of Seoul National University was located in Suwon until 2005 but is now in Gwanak gu Seoul near its main campus 68 Schools edit There are 44 high schools 57 middle schools 100 primary schools and 180 kindergartens in Suwon 69 Schools and kindergartens in Suwon Gwonseon gu Jangan gu Paldal gu Yeongtong gu TotalKindergarten Public dedicated k gtn 3 2 1 5 11Public in elem sch 32 19 11 23 85Private 29 21 10 24 84Elementary school Public 33 22 15 28 98Private 0 0 0 2 2Middle School Public 13 13 5 20 51Private 1 0 4 1 6High School Public 7 9 3 12 31Private 2 3 8 0 13Suwon has three schools dedicated to special education Jahye School 47 Subong ro Tap dong Gwonseon gu 37 15 55 N 126 58 39 E 37 26528 N 126 97750 E 37 26528 126 97750 70 Suwon Seokwang School 517 Jangan ro Imok dong Jangan gu 37 19 03 N 126 58 24 E 37 31750 N 126 97333 E 37 31750 126 97333 71 and Areum School 32 Gwanggyo ro Iui dong Yeongtong gu 37 17 07 N 127 02 23 E 37 28528 N 127 03972 E 37 28528 127 03972 72 Special education is also provided in some regular schools e g Suwonbuk Middle School 73 There is also a centre for lifelong learning at Kyemyung High School 88 Jangan ro 496 beon gil Imok dong Jangan gu 37 19 16 N 126 58 17 E 37 32111 N 126 97139 E 37 32111 126 97139 International schools edit There are also two international schools in Suwon Gyeonggi Suwon International School and Suwon Chinese International School Korean 수원화교중정소학교 Hanja 水原華僑中正小學 74 Environment editThroughout South Korea water management is a challenge 75 Suwon is 11 self sufficient in its use of water and plans to increase this to 50 through rainwater harvesting including building retention facilities and by treating and reusing sewage 76 Air pollution in Suwon appears to be from a range of industrial and other sources with origins of coarse particulate matter PM10 shown in the pie chart 77 PM10 sources on the Suwon Yongin border Soil 25 4 Secondary sulphate produced in the atmosphere by photochemical processes acting on sulphuric compounds 22 1 Industry and oil combustion 13 8 Secondary nitrate produced by oxidation of some volatile organic compounds 12 3 Diesel emissions 12 1 Gasoline emissions 5 6 Sodium rich sources 5 6 Waste incineration 3 1 Industry editThe main industrial employer in Suwon is Samsung Samsung Electronics was founded in Suwon in 1969 and its headquarters are now located with its large R amp D complex in central Suwon The company is the largest employer in Suwon Samsung s long standing relationship with the city is seen in its sponsorship of various local sports teams including Suwon Samsung Bluewings Football Club and two of the oldest domestic basketball teams in Samsung Thunders and Samsung Life Blueminx both of which have since moved out of Suwon 78 79 80 81 Other major companies in Suwon include SK Chemical 82 Samsung SDI and Samsung Electro Mechanics Landmarks editHwaseong Fortress edit Hwaseong Fortress built under the orders of King Jeongjo in 1796 is Suwon s most notable attraction and is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site The entire city used to be encircled by the fortress walls but Suwon has long since expanded far beyond this boundary There are four main gates in the walls and Haenggung Palace in the centre of the fortress nbsp Hwaseomun West Gate nbsp Seojangdae nbsp Banghwasuryujeong nbsp Paldalmun South Gate Hyanggyo edit Suwon Hyanggyo Korean 수원향교 Hanja 水原鄕校 was a hyanggyo a government run school and Confucian ceremonial centre during the Goryeo and Joseon periods During the Joseon Dynasty it was the largest and oldest state school in Gyeonggi do 83 The school houses memorial tablets to Confucius Mencius and 25 Korean figures noteworthy to Confucianism 84 Originally built in 1291 85 beside Hwasan in Wau ri Bongdam myeon Hwaseong gun Suwon Hyanggyo was moved to its current location at 107 9 Hyanggyo ro Paldal gu 37 16 22 N 127 0 44 E 37 27278 N 127 01222 E 37 27278 127 01222 around 1795 the 19th year of King Jeongjo of the Joseon Dynasty when Hwaseong Fortress was built 85 and it has since undergone several repairs Hyanggyo is open to the public on weekdays from 9 a m till 5 p m It is closed at weekends 85 nbsp Oesam Gate nbsp Myeongnyundang front nbsp Myeongnyundang rear nbsp DaeseongjeonBugugwon edit nbsp BugugwonBugugwon Korean 부국원 Hanja 富國園 also known as Suwon Gu Bugugwon built prior to 1923 is a cultural centre at 130 Hyanggyo ro Gyo dong Paldal gu 37 16 21 N 127 0 52 E 37 27250 N 127 01444 E 37 27250 127 01444 There is no record of the 85 95 m2 building s construction but exterior photographs were published in 1923 When Korea was a Japanese colony the building was the headquarters of Bugukwon Co Ltd which sold agricultural products such as fertilizers After liberation from 1952 to 1956 it temporarily housed the Suwon Court and the Public Prosecutor s Office From 1957 to 1960 it was used as the Suwon City Education Support Office and in 1974 the Republican Party used it as their Gyeonggi do base In 1979 the Suwon Arts Foundation was based here and in 1981 it became an internal medicine clinic 86 Since 2018 it has been a public cultural space 87 Culture and contemporary life editHousing edit nbsp SK Skyview Apartments Jeongja dongAs is typical of urban South Korea Suwon has many apartment complexes while some areas have more jutaek houses often split into several units While some areas are more affordable Yeongtong gu s housing is the seventh most expensive in the province 61 Food edit Suwon is known for Suwon galbi a variation on beef short ribs enjoyed throughout Korea The city also has a wide variety of restaurants serving Korean and international cuisine Sports edit Suwon s sports facilities include Suwon World Cup Stadium which hosted 2002 FIFA World Cup matches a gymnasium used in the 1988 Summer Olympic Games a baseball field used by KT Wiz an archery field badminton courts ten pin bowling lanes indoor swimming pools tennis courts and soft tennis courts Football edit Suwon World Cup Stadium 37 01 11 N 127 02 13 E 37 01972 N 127 03694 E 37 01972 127 03694 was built for the 2002 FIFA World Cup 88 and is home to the K League 1 team Suwon Samsung Bluewings Another K League 1 team Suwon FC and a WK League team Suwon FC Women play at the Suwon Sports Complex 37 01 52 N 127 00 41 E 37 03111 N 127 01139 E 37 03111 127 01139 Baseball edit nbsp KT Wiz StadiumSince 2013 Suwon has been home to KT Wiz The team played at Sungkyunkwan University till Suwon Baseball Stadium 37 17 59 N 127 00 35 E 37 29972 N 127 00972 E 37 29972 127 00972 remodelling was completed in time for their elevation to the KBO League in 2015 89 The stadium was previously the home of the Hyundai Unicorns but this team folded after the 2007 season 90 Indoor sports edit The 5 145 capacity Suwon Gymnasium 37 17 54 N 127 00 33 E 37 29833 N 127 00917 E 37 29833 127 00917 hosted the handball events in the 1988 Summer Olympics and handball and table tennis matches at the 2014 Asian Games 91 It is currently home to two volleyball teams Basketball edit Two of the Korean Basketball League and Women s Korean Basketball League s oldest teams Samsung Thunders and Samsung Life Blueminx respectively used to be based in Suwon Samsung Thunders relocated to Jamsil Arena in Seoul in 2001 78 79 while four years later Samsung Life moved to Yongin 80 81 Top flight men s basketball returned to Suwon in 2021 when KT Sonicboom relocated to the renamed Suwon KT Sonicboom Arena formerly Seosuwon Chilbo Gymnasium 37 16 35 N 126 56 54 E 37 27639 N 126 94833 E 37 27639 126 94833 from Busan 92 Volleyball edit Suwon Gymnasium is home to the men s and women s volleyball teams Suwon Kepco Vixtorm and Suwon Hyundai Engineering amp Construction Hillstate respectively which play in the V League Museums edit Suwon has two national museums and a number of smaller institutions The National Map Museum of Korea is at 92 Worldcup ro Woncheon dong Yeongtong gu 37 16 34 N 127 3 19 E 37 27611 N 127 05528 E 37 27611 127 05528 It houses a collection of 33 598 maps Admission is free and the museum opens daily from 10 a m to 5 p m 93 The National Agricultural Museum of Korea opened by Seoho Lake in December 2022 94 Located at 154 Suin ro Seodun dong Gwonseon gu 37 16 34 N 126 59 0 E 37 27611 N 126 98333 E 37 27611 126 98333 admission is free and the museum is open daily from 10 a m till 6 p m 95 Suwon Hwaseong Museum at 21 Changryong daero Maehyang dong Paldal gu 37 16 57 N 127 1 8 E 37 28250 N 127 01889 E 37 28250 127 01889 features exhibits contextualising and explaining the construction of Hwaseong 96 Mr Toilet House is a toilet museum built in 2007 at 463 Jangan ro Imok dong Jangan gu 37 19 9 N 126 58 41 E 37 31917 N 126 97806 E 37 31917 126 97806 97 Ownership was transferred to the city council in 2009 98 Libraries edit Suwon Central Library opened at 318 Paldalsan ro Gyo dong Paldal gu 37 16 25 N 127 00 44 E 37 27361 N 127 01222 E 37 27361 127 01222 in 1980 99 100 Today the city has 27 public libraries seven in Gwonseon gu five in Jangan gu six in Paldal gu and nine in Yeongtong gu 99 and plans to build another in Imok dong 101 Parks and Gardens edit nbsp Irwol Arboretum greenhouseIrwol Arboretum 일월 수목원 37 17 22 N 126 58 33 E 37 28944 N 126 97583 E 37 28944 126 97583 and Yeongheung Arboretum 영흥 수목원 37 15 49 N 127 04 16 E 37 26361 N 127 07111 E 37 26361 127 07111 opened on 19 May 2023 beside Irwol Reservoir and Yeongheung Park respectively 102 103 The 10 15 hectare 25 1 acre Irwol Arboretum features 429 000 plants of 52 000 species while Yeongheung Arboretum hosts 118 000 plants of 42 000 species over 14 6 hectares 36 acres 103 There are also many parks scattered through the city some of which e g Gwanggyo Lake Park Seoho Park Irwol Park and Manseok Park contain sizeable lakes Some parks target outdoor activities for example Manseok Park has facilities such as tennis courts indoor amp outdoor soccer pitches dirt and artificial turf and the Suwon X Games skatepark Others e g Gwanggyo History Park have a more traditional focus nbsp Manseok Park nbsp Tomb of Simon 심온 Gwanggyo History ParkMedia edit Newspapers based in Suwon include the Kyeonggi Daily 경기일보 based in Jangan gu and the Kyeongin Daily 경인일보 and Suwon Daily 수원일보 based in Paldal gu These publish exclusively in Korean National broadcaster KBS has a drama studio and art hall in Ingye dong Yeongtong gu 37 16 16 N 127 01 51 E 37 27111 N 127 03083 E 37 27111 127 03083 These are open to visits by appointment 104 Cinemas edit Suwon has several major multiplex cinemas e g Megabox by Suwon Bus Terminal CGV and Lotte Cinema by Suwon Station and Kinex 5 in Yeongtong gu Other smaller cinemas which may show fewer foreign films include Cinema Town Taehan Theater Piccadilly Theater Jungang Theater Royal Theater Dano Theater and Dano Art Hall 105 Retail edit nbsp Avenue FranceThere are several major shopping centres across Suwon e g AK Plaza and Lotte Mall at Suwon Station and Avenue France and Alleyway in Gwanggyo Another large centre Starfield is under construction beside Hwaseo Station 106 Public toilets edit In the early 21st century Suwon City Council strove to improve the condition of its public lavatories after such efforts there were guided tours of the municipal facilities 107 108 Suwon also hosted several international forums on toilet management and the World Toilet Association is based in the city 109 Transport editRail edit nbsp Suwon StationSuwon is a regional transportation hub with Suwon Station a major stop served by KTX and other trains on the Gyeongbu Line connecting Seoul to Busan Until 1973 the Suryo Line also connected Suwon to Yeoju The Suin Line also connected Suwon to Incheon and this line has been reconstructed as part of the Seoul Metro 110 Metro edit Suwon is served by three lines 14 stations on the Seoul Metro Line 1 Sungkyunkwan University 성균관대 Hwaseo 화서 Suwon 수원 Seryu 세류 Shinbundang Line Gwanggyo Jungang 광교중앙 Gwanggyo 광교 Suin Bundang Line Cheongmyeong 청명 Yeongtong 영통 Mangpo 망포 Maetan Gwonseon 매탄권성 Suwon City Hall 수원시청 Maegyo 매교 Suwon 수원 Gosaek 고색 Omokcheon 오목천 Construction on an extension of the Sinbundang Line to Homaesil is scheduled to begin in 2024 111 Another planned line the Dongtan Indeogwon Line should create several new stations in Suwon but this has been delayed promoting affected cities to call for urgent action 112 Buses edit nbsp Gwanggyo Jungang Underground Transfer CentreThere are two inter city bus terminals in Suwon with connections to many cities nationwide Suwon Bus Terminal near Seryu Station and West Suwon Bus Terminal near Sungkyunkwan University Suwon is connected to Seoul and other nearby cities by city and express buses with departure points across the city In 2017 Suwon Station Transfer Center opened to the west of the Gyeongbu Line This new bank of bus stops was built to alleviate pressure on bus and taxi stands across the tracks 113 Another transfer centre is incorporated into Gwanggyo Jungang Station this is underground and bus stands feature screen doors 114 Suwon has invested heavily in electric buses in 2019 it built the country s largest bus charging station at 46 Gyeongsu daero 1220beon gil Pajang dong 115 Roads edit The Yeongdong Expressway 50 passes through Suwon with two exits within the city limits North Suwon and East Suwon The Gwanggyo Sanghyeon exit on the Yongin Seoul Expressway 171 is on Suwon s border with Yongin and the Pyeongtaek Paju Expressway 17 also has an exit in Suwon Geumgok Nearby Homaesil is one of Suwon s more notorious bottlenecks 116 Despite its name the Suwon exit of the Gyeongbu Expressway 1 lies in Singal in neighbouring Yongin Bicycles edit Suwon was the first place in Korea to introduce dockless shared bicycles for hire 117 Traversing Suwon by regular bicycle is also relatively easy as there are numerous cycle paths beside the streams that cut through the city However some of these are in poor condition 118 Car free zones edit In 2013 the city hosted the EcoMobility World Festival in Haenggung dong where for one month streets were closed to cars as a car free experiment Instead of cars residents used non motorized vehicles provided by the festival organizers 119 The experiment was not unopposed however on balance it was considered a success Following the festival the city began discussing whether to adopt the practice on a permanent basis 120 Military editSuwon Air Base in Jangji dong Gwonseon gu was used by the United States Air Force during the Korean War when it was the scene of the conflict s first aerial combat Today the base is under Republic of Korea Air Force jurisdiction though it is still managed and maintained by the US military 121 Fauna editSuwon s wildlife is similar to that of most of Gyeonggi do A notable species however is the endangered Suwon tree frog 122 123 This is one of only two tree frogs to inhabit the Korean peninsula 123 and it lives only in the Gyeonggi do area Mammals edit Mammals living on Gwanggyosan and elsewhere in the city include the raccoon dog 124 125 Japanese mole 125 Siberian weasel 125 water deer 125 Korean hare 125 red squirrel Sciurus vulgaris mantchuricus 125 house mouse 125 striped field mouse 125 and the Eurasian harvest mouse 125 Birds edit A variety of birds inhabit Suwon For example Irwol Lake is home to great crested grebes goshawks and mandarins 126 among other species and swans began wintering on the lake in 2022 127 Suwon also appears to be Korea s first recorded breeding site of the white breasted waterhen 128 Other birds in Suwon include the Eurasian tree sparrow 129 Oriental magpie 129 large billed crow 129 rook 130 brown eared bulbul 129 vinous throated parrotbill 129 rock dove 129 marsh tit 129 131 Japanese tit 131 coal tit 131 varied tit 131 Eastern spot billed duck 129 great cormorant 129 grey heron 129 striated heron 129 great white egret 129 little egret 129 and common sandpiper 129 Notable people editNotable people from Suwon include Deceased edit List in chronological order of birth Yeom Gyeongae 염경애 廉瓊愛 1100 1146 noble pious wife of Choi Rubaek 132 Choi Rubaek 최루백 崔婁伯 1205 pious son 133 134 Lee Go 이고 李皐 1341 1420 Goryeo subject opposed to Joseon 133 Kim Jullyong 김준룡 金俊龍 1586 1642 military general defeated Qing soldiers at Gwanggyosan 133 Woo Hayeong 우하영 禹夏永 1741 1812 Silhak scholar agricultural pioneer 133 Lim Myeonsu 임면수 林勉洙 13 June 1874 29 November 1930 independence activist 133 Cha Injae 차인재 車仁載 1895 1971 independence activist 135 136 Kim Sehwan 김세환 金世煥 1889 1945 educator independence activist 133 Na Hyeseok 나혜석 羅蕙錫 28 April 1896 10 December 1948 feminist painter writer poet sculptor journalist 137 133 Kim Hyanghwa 김향화 金香花 1897 gisaeng independence activist 138 133 Park Seontae 박선태 朴善泰 1901 1938 independence activist 133 Lee Seongyeong 이선경 李善卿 1902 1921 independence activist 133 Choi Munsun 최문순 崔文順 1903 independence activist 139 Kim Jangseong 김장성 金長星 7 February 1913 9 March 1932 independence activist 133 Hong Jongcheol 홍종철 洪鐘哲 26 March 1920 22 July 1989 independence activist 133 Yun Hanheum 윤한흠 尹漢欽 1923 22 August 2016 artist 140 141 142 Living edit List in alphabetical order by surname Han na Chang 장한나 張漢娜 23 December 1982 conductor cellist 143 144 Chung Hyeon 정현 鄭泫 19 May 1996 tennis player 145 146 Im Chang kyun 임창균 任創均 stage name I M 26 January 1996 rapper singer songwriter Jeon Ji yoon 전지윤 田祉潤 15 October 1990 rapper singer songwriter actor 147 Stella Hanbyul Jeung 정한별 opera singer 148 Jo Kwon 조권 趙權 28 August 1989 singer actor presenter Joo Won 문준원 文晙原 Mun Junwon stage name Joo Won 30 September 1987 actor Kim Dong hyun 김동현 金東炫 17 November 1981 MMA fighter 149 150 Kim Jang hwan 김장환 known as Billy Kim 25 July 1934 pastor former President of the Baptist World Alliance President of the Far East Broadcasting Company 64 Kim Myung jun 김명준 金明俊 stage name MJ 5 March 1994 singer actor model Kim Sungbae 김성배 金成培 1954 artist 151 Kim Yugwon 김유권 金有權 stage name U Kwon 9 April 1992 singer 152 Lee Chang sub 이창섭 李昌燮 26 February 1991 singer Lee Dong hun 이동훈 28 February 1993 singer A C E Lee Jin ki 이진기 李珍基 stage name Onew 14 December 1989 singer songwriter actor presenter 153 Lee Jong suk 이종석 李鐘奭 14 September 1989 actor model 154 Lee Ju eun 이주은 李宙恩 7 June 1995 singer actor Oh Kyo moon 오교문 吳教文 2 March 1972 archer 155 Sam Oh 오상미 O Sangmi 15 January 1980 presenter columnist 156 Park Hae soo 박해수 朴海秀 21 November 1981 actor 157 158 Park Ji sung 박지성 朴智星 30 March 1981 footballer Park was born in Seoul but raised in Suwon In 2005 a city street was renamed after him 159 Ryu Jun yeol 류준열 柳俊烈 25 September 1986 actor 160 161 Seol Yoeun 설요은 2012 violinist 162 Shin Dong hee 신동희 申東熙 stage name Shindong 28 September 1985 rapper singer dancer presenter video director 163 Shin Yu na 신유나 申有娜 9 December 2003 rapper singer Song Kang 송강 宋江 23 April 1994 actor 164 Yoo Hyun young 유현영 6 September 1976 actor Yoo Jeong yeon 유전연 俞定延 1 November 1996 singer 165 Yoon Bo mi 윤보미 尹普美 13 August 1993 singer actor 166 167 Twin towns and sister cities editSee also List of twin towns and sister cities in South Korea Suwon is twinned with 168 nbsp Asahikawa Japan 1989 nbsp Jinan China 1993 nbsp Townsville Australia 1997 nbsp Bandung Indonesia 1997 nbsp Yalova Turkey 1999 nbsp Cluj Napoca Romania 1999 nbsp Toluca Mexico 1999 nbsp Fez Morocco 2003 nbsp Hải Dương Province Vietnam 2004 nbsp Siem Reap Province Cambodia 2004 nbsp Nizhny Novgorod Russia 2005 nbsp Curitiba Brazil 2006 nbsp Freiburg im Breisgau Germany 2015 See also editList of cities in South Korea Geography of South Korea Seoul National Capital AreaNotes editReferences editCitations edit a b c d 월별인구현황 Population status by month in Korean Suwon City Council Archived from the original on 27 April 2023 Retrieved 27 April 2023 a b c 나무 꽃 새 주 상징종 Trees flowers birds city symbols in Korean Suwon City Council Archived from the original on 27 April 2023 Retrieved 27 April 2023 Suwon Tour Hwaryeongjeon Haeng gung and Suwon Fortress Korea net 31 March 2010 Archived from the original on 3 July 2023 Retrieved 3 July 2023 Administrative District amp Population Ulsan Metropolitan City Council 28 February 2023 Archived from the original on 28 September 2022 Retrieved 5 June 2023 PM 4 Cities to be Given New Autonomous Status Hold Greater Responsibility KBS World 3 January 2022 Archived from the original on 5 June 2023 Retrieved 6 June 2023 Suwon invites visitors to city of heritage festivities Korea Herald 1 May 2016 Archived from the original on 28 September 2023 Retrieved 27 April 2023 Park Hyemi 11 March 2016 Suwon celebrates its past while looking ahead Korea Joongang Daily Archived from the original on 3 June 2023 Retrieved 3 June 2023 Samsung Electronics stays atop S Korea s top 500 firms list Yonhap News 10 May 2023 Archived from the original on 3 June 2023 Retrieved 3 June 2023 Song Sung hoon 22 February 2016 Samsung Electronics leaves Seoul headquarters Maeil Business News Archived from the original on 24 February 2016 Retrieved 28 April 2023 Stek Pieter 2017 The Strategic Alliance Between Sungkyunkwan University and the Samsung Group South Korean Exceptionalism or New Global Model Triple Helix Association Archived from the original on 29 April 2023 Retrieved 29 April 2023 Club Suwon Samsung Bluewings Goalzz Kooora Archived from the original on 8 June 2023 Retrieved 8 June 2023 Stokkermans Karel 16 October 2014 Asian Club Competitions 2000 01 Rec Sport Soccer Statistics Foundation Archived from the original on 17 August 2022 Retrieved 7 June 2023 Blue Wings flying high BBC Sport 24 July 2002 Archived from the original on 28 September 2023 Retrieved 7 June 2023 a b 수원시통계 Suwon city statistics in Korean Archived from the original on 30 January 2011 a b Lee Ki Moon Ramsey S Robert 2011 A History of the Korean Language Cambridge Cambridge University Press p 38 ISBN 9781139494489 Suwon history goes far beyond Korean War U S Army 21 June 2013 Archived from the original on 24 April 2023 Retrieved 24 April 2023 Webster Hugh A 1877 Corea Encyclopaedia Britannica Vol 6 9 ed p 390 Archived from the original on 24 June 2023 Retrieved 24 June 2023 a b c Turnbull Stephen R 2002 Samurai Invasion Japan s Korean War 1592 98 London Cassell amp Company pp 116 123 ISBN 9780304359486 Noh Hyeonkyun Park Woo Seo Boram 2021 A Fortress Made in Heaven 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Naktong North to the Yalu June November 1950 Washington DC Office of the Chief of Military History United States Army ISBN 978 0 16 035958 3 Nichols Donald 1981 How many Times Can I Die The life Story of a Special Intelligence Agent Pensacola FL Brownsville Printing p 128 Kim Dong Choon 2007 Chapter 4 The war against the enemy within Hidden massacres in the early stages of the Korean War In Shin Gi Wook Park Soon Won Yang Daqing eds Rethinking Historical Injustice and Reconciliation in Northeast Asia The Korean experience Abingdon Routledge pp 75 93 ISBN 978 0 415 77093 4 Hanley Charles J Chang Jae Soon 5 July 2008 AP U S Allowed Korean Massacre In 1950 Associated Press Archived from the original on 19 September 2020 Retrieved 18 May 2023 Thomas Nigel Abbott Peter Chappell Mike 27 March 1986 The Korean War 1950 53 Bloomsbury USA ISBN 9780850456851 Yenne Bill 2020 Aces True stories of victory and valor in the skies of World War II Book Sales p 40 ISBN 9780160359583 South Korea France 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Archived from the original on 7 June 2023 Retrieved 7 June 2023 Samsung Smart School Greets the World at the 2018 APEC Future Education Forum Samsung Newsroom 14 December 2018 Archived from the original on 7 June 2023 Retrieved 7 June 2023 Park Mina 27 June 2019 고교 졸업 앞둔 장애학생 새로운 내일 응원 Supporting imminent high school graduates with disabilities for a new tomorrow Kyunggi News in Korean Archived from the original on 9 June 2023 Retrieved 9 June 2023 특수학급연혁 Special education history Suwonbuk Middle School in Korean Archived from the original on 16 August 2022 Retrieved 25 June 2023 Suwon Chinese International School International School Information Korean Government Archived from the original on 30 March 2016 Retrieved 7 June 2023 Water management in Korea From goals to action OECD Archived from the original on 6 June 2023 Retrieved 6 June 2023 Park Hyunju Han Mooyoung Kim Tschung il 2022 Urban Water Management Using Water Self sufficiency Journal of the Korean Society for Environmental Technology 23 5 251 257 doi 10 26511 JKSET 23 5 1 S2CID 256288864 Archived from the original on 6 June 2023 Retrieved 6 June 2023 Lee Hyung Woo Lee Tae Jung Yang Sung Su Kim Dong Sool 2008 Identification of atmospheric PM10 sources and estimating their contributions to the Yongin Suwon bordering area by using PMF Journal of the Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment in Korean 24 4 439 454 doi 10 5572 KOSAE 2008 24 4 439 Archived from the original on 7 June 2023 Retrieved 7 June 2023 a b Lee Changho 3 May 2001 삼성 연고지 서울 이전 Relocating to Samsung s Seoul home The Chosun Daily in Korean Archived from the original on 17 July 2023 Retrieved 8 June 2023 a b Hwang Seonhak 2 June 2001 프로농구 삼성 SK 서울에 공동 연고지 Professional Basketball teams Samsung and SK to move to joint location in Seoul Kyeonggi Daily in Korean Archived from the original on 22 June 2023 Retrieved 23 June 2023 a b Kang Hocheol 22 June 2005 여자농구 틈새 공략 Women s basketball in niche attack Chosun Daily in Korean Archived from the original on 22 June 2023 Retrieved 23 June 2023 a b Woo Seung o 22 June 2005 여 프로농구 삼성생명 이젠 용인시민 위해 뛰어요 Female Professional Basketball Samsung Life Now I m running for the people of Yongin The Kyeonggi Daily in Korean Archived from the original on 17 July 2023 Retrieved 8 June 2023 SKC Co Ltd The Wall Street Journal Archived from the original on 17 July 2023 Retrieved 8 June 2023 Asian Historical Architecture Suwon Korea South Oriental Architecture Archived from the original on 18 April 2023 Retrieved 19 April 2023 Suwonhyanggyo Confucian School Trippose Archived from the original on 22 April 2023 Retrieved 19 April 2023 a b c Suwonhyanggyo Confucian School Korea Tourism Organization Archived from the original on 2 May 2023 Retrieved 11 April 2023 수원 구 부국원 水原 舊 富國園 Suwon Gu Bugugwon in Korean Korea National Heritage Online Archived from the original on 21 April 2023 Retrieved 19 April 2023 자취수원의 근현대사가 응축된 건물 수원 구 부국원 Suwon Gu Bugugwon A building where the past and present collide in Korean The Federation of Korean Cultural Centers Archived from the original on 25 June 2023 Retrieved 26 June 2023 Haruo Nogawa Toshio Mamiya 25 April 2002 Chapter 11 Building mega events Critical reflections on the 2002 World Cup infrastructure In Horne John Manzenreiter Wolfram eds Japan Korea and the 2002 World Cup London Routledge ISBN 9780203603376 Jeong Jingu 10 April 2014 KT 위즈 화장실이 필요해 KT Wiz needs a toilet SBS News in Korean Archived from the original on 23 June 2023 Retrieved 24 June 2023 Kim Tong hyung 7 October 2007 Unicorns play last game The Korea Times Archived from the original on 22 June 2023 Retrieved 22 June 2023 FACTBOX Factbox on sports at the 2014 Asian Games in Incheon Reuters 8 September 2014 Archived from the original on 29 April 2023 Retrieved 30 April 2023 부산 KT 프로농구단은 없습니다 앞으로는 수원 KT입니다 Professional basketball team Busan KT ceases to exist now known as Suwon KT The Joongang in Korean 8 June 2021 Retrieved 19 October 2023 The National Map Museum of Korea National Geographic Information Institute Archived from the original on 28 July 2022 Retrieved 27 April 2023 Nat l Agriculture Museum opens Yonhap News Agency 15 December 2022 Archived from the original on 27 April 2023 Retrieved 27 April 2023 관람안내 Viewing guide Agricultural Museum of Korea in Korean Archived from the original on 27 April 2023 Retrieved 27 April 2023 Exhibition on royal procession The Korea Times 6 October 2015 Archived from the original on 29 May 2023 Retrieved 29 May 2023 World s first toilet theme park opens in South Korea BBC News 9 November 2012 Archived from the original on 27 April 2023 Retrieved 27 April 2023 Haewoojae Museum Mr Toilet House 해우재 Korea Tourist Organization Archived from the original on 27 April 2023 Retrieved 27 April 2023 a b 수원시 도서관 사업소 Suwon City Library Office Suwon City Library Office in Korean Archived from the original on 27 April 2023 Retrieved 27 April 2023 중앙도서관 Central Library Suwon City Library Office in Korean Archived from the original on 27 April 2023 Retrieved 27 April 2023 이목지구 근린공원 52 내 도서관 조성사업 설계공모 Library design competition in Park 52 Masilwide in Korean 4 May 2021 Archived from the original on 23 June 2023 Retrieved 24 June 2023 수원 일월수목원 영흥수목원 개원 Suwon Irwol and Yeongheung Arboreta Open KBS News in Korean 19 May 2023 Archived from the original on 24 May 2023 Retrieved 24 May 2023 a b Bae Taesik 23 May 2023 자연과 더 가깝게 수원 일월 영흥 수목원 활짝 Closer to nature A stroll in Suwon s Irwol and Yeongheung Arboreta Seoul Daily in Korean Archived from the original on 24 May 2023 Retrieved 24 May 2023 KBS 수원센터 KBS Suwon Centre Korean Broadcasting System KBS in Korean Archived from the original on 5 July 2023 Retrieved 5 July 2023 The 5 Best Suwon Movie Theaters with Photos Tripadvisor Archived from the original on 5 May 2018 Retrieved 7 June 2023 Shinsegae s Starfield Suwon set to open this year to compete with rivals Pulse Maeil Business News 18 April 2023 Retrieved 26 June 2023 Lavish Latrines Pretty Potties The Los Angeles Times 6 June 2002 Archived from the original on 13 May 2023 Retrieved 14 May 2023 Schuman Michael Choi Hae Won 26 November 1999 Suwon s Restrooms Once the Pits Are Now Flush With Tourists The Wall Street Journal Archived from the original on 28 April 2023 Retrieved 28 April 2023 History World Toilet Association Archived from the original on 3 July 2023 Retrieved 4 July 2023 Burroughs David 15 September 2020 Final phase of Korea s Suin Line complete International Railway Journal Simmons Boardman Publishing Archived from the original on 22 June 2023 Retrieved 23 June 2023 Kang Gapsaeng 28 December 2021 신분당선 광교 호매실 연장선 기본계획 확정 2024년초 착공 Shinbundang Line Gwanggyo Homaesil extension finalised Construction to start in early 2024 Joongang Daily in Korean Archived from the original on 29 May 2023 Retrieved 29 May 2023 Park Seonsik 1 March 2023 동탄인덕원 복선전철 건설사업 조기 착공해야 Dongtan Indeokwon double track subway construction must begin promptly Jeonguk Mail Sinmun in Korean Archived from the original on 29 May 2023 Retrieved 29 May 2023 Tebay Andy 26 June 2017 Transfer hub opens at Suwon Station including new bus interchange Archived from the original on 8 May 2023 Retrieved 7 May 2023 Nikola 19 February 2016 Underground Bus Station Future of Bus Transit Archived from the original on 8 May 2023 Retrieved 7 May 2023 Hong Yongdeok 10 December 2019 Suwon builds S Korea s largest electric bus charging station Hankyoreh Archived from the original on 23 June 2023 Retrieved 23 June 2023 Gov t to Tackle Traffic Congestion in 37 New Town Areas KBS 12 October 2022 Archived from the original on 14 May 2023 Retrieved 14 May 2023 Kim Sukhee Oh Sei Chang Choi Keechoo 30 April 2019 Bilantravel pattern analysis for station bike sharing system in Suwon Journal of Korean Society of Transportation in Korean 37 2 110 123 doi 10 7470 jkst 2019 37 2 110 S2CID 210784252 Archived from the original on 17 July 2023 Retrieved 28 June 2023 수원시 자전거도로 관리 실태에 대한 유감 Disappointment over Suwon s cycle path management Clien in Korean 11 April 2022 Archived from the original on 3 July 2023 Retrieved 4 July 2023 Strother Jason 30 September 2013 Locals applaud car free month in Korean city Deutsche Welle Archived from the original on 1 November 2013 Retrieved 7 June 2023 Report presents legacy of car free neighborhood EcoMobility World Festival 2013 Archived from the original on 13 December 2013 Retrieved 7 June 2023 Suwon Air Base Global Security Archived from the original on 24 May 2023 Retrieved 24 May 2023 Park Il Kook Park Daesik Borzee Amael 2021 Defining conservation requirements for the Suweon Treefrog Dryophytes suweonensis using species distribution models Diversity 13 2 69 doi 10 3390 d13020069 a b Borzee Amael Kosch Tiffany A Kim Miyeon Jang Yikweon 2017 Introduced bullfrogs are associated with increased Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis prevalence and reduced occurrence of Korean treefrogs PLOS ONE 12 5 e0177860 doi 10 1371 journal pone 0177860 PMC 5451047 PMID 28562628 Yang Dong Kun Kim Ha Hyun Lee Eun Jin Yoo Jae Young Kim Jong Taek Ahn Sangjin 31 July 2019 Rabies immune status of raccoon dogs residing in areas where rabies bait vaccine has been distributed Clin Exp Vaccine Res 8 2 132 135 doi 10 7774 cevr 2019 8 2 132 PMC 6689503 PMID 31406695 a b c d e f g h i Choi Byung Jin Lee Sang Gi 30 June 2009 Distribution of Mammals at Mt Gwanggyo Suwon Gyeonggido Korean J Nat Conserv 7 1 2 41 46 doi 10 30960 kjnc 2009 7 1 2 41 Archived from the original on 25 May 2023 Retrieved 26 May 2023 수원수목원 서포터즈 일월공원 서식 조류 모니터링 Suwon Arboretum supporters monitoring Irwol Park bird habitat Suwon News in Korean Archived from the original on 26 April 2023 Retrieved 26 April 2023 일월호수 수원새산책 Irwol Lake Suwon bird walk Naturing in Korean Archived from the original on 26 April 2023 Retrieved 26 April 2023 Birds Korea s Bird News August 2008 Birds Korea Archived from the original on 26 April 2023 Retrieved 27 April 2023 a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Kyonggi do eBird Archived from the original on 27 April 2023 Retrieved 27 April 2023 Yun Jiweon Shin Wonhyeop Kim Jihwan Song Youngkeun 13 17 December 2021 Spatial Usage and Patterns of Corvus frugilegus in Urban Habitats of Suwon South Korea AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts New Orleans LA pp B25E 1520 Bibcode 2021AGUFM B25E1520Y Archived from the original on 24 May 2023 Retrieved 25 May 2023 a b c d Baek Gyeongyeol February 2022 Evaluating the Effciency of Habitat suitable Areas for Paridae Through the Simulation of Ecological Restoration Technology Case Study of Suwon si Gyeonggi do Republic of Korea MSc in Korean Cheongju University Archived from the original on 24 May 2023 Retrieved 7 June 2023 염경애 묘지 Tomb of Yeom Gyeongae History Net in Korean National Institute of Korean History Retrieved 28 October 2023 a b c d e f g h i j k l 수원의 인물 People from Suwon Suwon City Council in Korean Archived from the original on 2 June 2023 Retrieved 3 June 2023 고려 전기에 기거사인 한림학사 등을 역임한 문신 Civil servant who served as Gigersain and Hallimhaksa during the early Goryeo Dynasty Encyclopaedia of Korean culture in Korean National Institute of Korean History Retrieved 28 October 2023 차인재 여성 독립유공자 외손녀를 만나다 Meeting the granddaughter of female independence activist Cha Injae Korean National Association Memorial Foundation in Korean Retrieved 28 October 2023 Yang Hundo 7 November 2022 사진 신부 를 선택한 독립운동가 차인재 Cha In jae an independence activist who chose to be a photo bride Incheon Daily in Korean Retrieved 28 October 2023 Kiaer Jieun Yates Lu Anna Mandersloot Mattho 15 September 2021 On Translating Modern Korean Poetry Taylor amp Francis p 157 ISBN 9781000438765 Gisaeng took to streets against Japan Korea Joongang Daily 26 February 2009 Archived from the original on 29 May 2023 Retrieved 29 October 2023 Jeong Changgyu 27 June 2022 수원 출신 여성독립운동가를 만나다 수원박물관 경기도여성비전센터 온라인 교류전 개최 Meet a female independence activist from Suwon Suwon Museum and Gyeonggi Women s Vision Center hold online exchange exhibition Kyeonggi News in Korean Retrieved 29 October 2023 Suwon Hwaseong Museum Planned Exhibitions Suwon Hwaseong Museum Archived from the original on 23 June 2023 Retrieved 23 June 2023 Kim Chungyeong 5 April 2021 화성복원사업 밑그림 된 윤한흠 선생의 수원 옛 그림 Old picture of Suwon by Yun Hanheum who documented the Hwaseong restoration project in Korean Archived from the original on 5 July 2023 Retrieved 5 July 2023 Kim Uyeong 25 August 2016 모교에 세워진 고 윤한흠 선생 동상 Statue of the late Yun Hanheum erected in alma mater Suwon City Council in Korean Archived from the original on 5 July 2023 Retrieved 5 July 2023 Han Na Chang Official Biography Han na Chang Music 2021 Archived from the original on 11 June 2023 Retrieved 11 June 2023 Lee Hyo won 1 November 2009 Chang Han na Finds Brahms Through Looking Glass The Korea Times Archived from the original on 11 June 2023 Retrieved 11 June 2023 Hyeon Chung ATP Tour Archived from the original on 11 June 2023 Retrieved 11 June 2023 Lee Minji 25 January 2018 Chung Hyeon The Korean tennis star making history BBC News Archived from the original on 11 June 2023 Retrieved 11 June 2023 Ji Yoon Jeon Internet Movie Database IMDB Archived from the original on 17 July 2023 Retrieved 13 June 2023 Stella Hanbyul Jeung 2023 Archived from the original on 23 June 2023 Retrieved 23 June 2023 Kim Dong hyun Rotten Tomatoes Fandango Archived from the original on 14 June 2023 Retrieved 14 June 2023 Gerbasi Thomas 26 November 2015 Dong Hyun Kim The long road to Seoul Archived from the original on 14 June 2023 Retrieved 14 June 2023 Upcoming exhibitions Retrieved 29 October 2023 U Kwon profile K pop Music Archived from the original on 11 June 2023 Retrieved 11 June 2023 Shin Min hee 13 April 2022 Onew is back with another solo debut after three years Korea Joongang Daily Archived from the original on 23 May 2022 Retrieved 15 June 2023 이종석 Lee Jong suk KBS Star Box in Korean Archived from the original on 17 July 2023 Retrieved 13 June 2023 Choi Jongsik 23 September 2000 양궁 오교문선수집 감격의 눈물바다 Archer Oh Kyo moon s house A sea of tears Kyeonggi Daily in Korean Archived from the original on 11 June 2023 Retrieved 11 June 2023 Santos Marielle C 6 October 2006 Oh It s Sam Philippine Star Archived from the original on 11 June 2023 Retrieved 12 June 2023 Lee Jae lim 18 April 2022 Park Hae soo continues to thrive on Netflix The Korea Joongang Daily Archived from the original on 11 June 2023 Retrieved 11 June 2023 Park Hae soo Television Academy Archived from the original on 11 June 2023 Retrieved 11 June 2023 Yu Sinjae 12 June 2005 수원시 박지성길 만든다 Suwon City constructs Park Ji Sung Road Hankyoreh in Korean Archived from the original on 2 June 2023 Retrieved 3 June 2023 Ryu Jun Yeol Internet Movie Database IMDB Archived from the original on 19 May 2023 Retrieved 14 June 2023 Suwon s son Ryu the leading actor in Please Respond 1988 Suwon Center for International Cooperation 14 April 2016 Archived from the original on 13 June 2023 Retrieved 14 June 2023 The 18th Emirates International Peace Music Festival Embassy of the Republic of Korea to the United Arab Emirates 21 October 2022 Archived from the original on 23 June 2023 Retrieved 23 June 2023 Koh Lydia 27 June 2020 Super Junior s Shindong shares why his wedding engagement did not work out The Independent Singapore Archived from the original on 14 June 2023 Retrieved 14 June 2023 Lee Jae lim 14 March 2022 Song Kang continues to flaunt his good looks on the small screen Korea Joongang Daily Archived from the original on 11 June 2023 Retrieved 12 June 2023 Jin Byeonghun 9 September 2022 트와이스 정연 살 건강 근황 걱정 이 재미난 얼굴 보세요 Twice s Jeongyeon worried about her current life and health Look at this funny face NBN TV in Korean Archived from the original on 11 June 2023 Retrieved 12 June 2023 수원시 영상홍보대사에 토박이 에이핑크 윤보미 Suwon s video ambassador Native Yoon Bo mi of Apink KBS Radio Korean in Korean 21 March 2017 Archived from the original on 11 June 2023 Retrieved 12 June 2023 Lee Kwanju 21 March 2017 에이핑크 윤보미 수원시 영상홍보대사 위촉 Apink s Yoon Bomi appointed video ambassador for Suwon Kyeonggi Daily in Korean Archived from the original on 11 June 2023 Retrieved 12 June 2023 국제자매 우호도시 International sister friendship cities Suwon Center for International Cooperation in Korean Archived from the original on 26 November 2019 Retrieved 7 June 2023 External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Suwon Suwon City Council in Korean Suwon F C in Korean Suwon Samsung Bluewings in Korean KT Wiz in Korean Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Suwon amp oldid 1185587030, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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