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Seoul Capital Area

January 13, 2023

The Seoul Capital Area (SCA), Sudogwon (Korean: 수도권; Hanja: 首都圈; RR: Sudogwon; MR: Sudokwŏn, [sʰu.do.ɡwʌ̹n]) or Gyeonggi region (Korean: 경기 지방; Hanja: 京畿地方; RR: Gyeonggi Jibang; MR: Kyŏnggi Jibang), is the metropolitan area of Seoul, Incheon, and Gyeonggi Province, located in north-west South Korea. Its population of 26 million (as of 2020)[1] is ranked as the fifth largest metropolitan area in the world. Its area is about 12,685 km2 (4,898 sq mi). It forms the cultural, commercial, financial, industrial, and residential center of South Korea. The largest city is Seoul, with a population of approximately 10 million people, followed by Incheon, with 3 million inhabitants.

Seoul Capital Area
수도권
Red: Seoul, Violet: Incheon, Green: Gyeonggi-do, Blue: other areas connected by rapid transit
CountrySouth Korea
Major citiesSeoul
Incheon
Suwon
Ansan
Anyang
Goyang
Seongnam
Bucheon
Yongin
Area
 • Capital area12,685 km2 (4,898 sq mi)
Population
 (2020)
 • Metro
26,037,000
 • Metro density2,053/km2 (5,320/sq mi)
 • Percentage of South Korea's total population
~50%
(52 million)
GDP Nominal / PPPUS$895 billion / $1.16 trillion
GDP per capita (Nominal / PPP)US$34,854 / $45,283 (2018) [1]
HDI (2019)0.943[2]
very high · 1st
Seoul Capital Area
Hangul
수도권
Hanja
首都圈
Revised RomanizationSudogwon
McCune–ReischauerSudokwŏn

Geography and climate

 
Satellite image of Seoul and greater area
See also: Geography of South Korea

The Capital Area occupies a plain in the Han River valley. It contains some of the most fertile land on the Korean peninsula, although relatively little of it is now used for agriculture. The Gimpo international airport, one of the country's larger expanses of level arable land, covers much of the area of the cities of Gimpo and Bucheon.

History

See also: History of South Korea and History of Seoul

The Capital Area has been home to a Korean capital for around 2,000 years. Its central location and relatively gentle landscape have given it a central role in the country's affairs.

The first capital to be constructed in the region was that of Baekje, one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea. The country's first capital was built in 19 BC and was named Wiryeseong. This is believed to have been constructed near the modern-day boundary of Seoul and Gwangju City. However, Baekje was unable to hold this territory, and surrendered the Han River valley to Goguryeo in the 5th century. The land was then taken over by Silla in the 6th century, at which point it came to play a critical role in helping Silla to establish ties with China.

After the fall of Silla, Taejo of Goryeo established the capital of his kingdom in Kaesŏng, now just north of the Demilitarized Zone. During the Mongol invasions of Korea in the 12th century, the seat of government briefly shifted to Ganghwa Island, now just south of the DMZ in Incheon metropolitan city, where the Mongol naval attacks were repelled for about a decade before the king voluntarily surrendered to stop the carnage the Mongols committed in the peninsula, in order to lure the king out.

After the fall of Goryeo Dynasty in 1392, the newly founded Joseon Dynasty had its capital (then called Hanseong or Hanyang), less than 100 km (62 mi) south of the old dynasty's capital, Kaesŏng. Hanyang was chosen to be the new capital for mountains surrounding it making it safe from enemies, and for the Han River, separating the north and south parts of the city that let the trade business flourish. During the new dynasty's rule, extensive road systems, administrative buildings, royal palaces, and new ports were built, quickly attracting wealth from all over the kingdom. During the Korean Empire period, Hanseong's public transportation was improved with the installation of streetcars and manually drawn trolleys similar to taxis. Horse carriage systems similar to the ones in Europe were also established.

Following the Japanese occupation of Korea in 1910, Hanseong was renamed Keijo (Gyeongseong) and served as Korea's capital. The Korran Republic with its war of resistance against Japan also named it as its capital. Upon Japan's defeat and Korea's liberation in 1945, the capital retained one of its old names, Seoul and became capital of South Korea.

In the Korean War (1950–1953), the Capital Area became the focus of battles so destructive that most of Seoul and the surrounding regions were eradicated. Seoul was especially hit hard, since it exchanged hands four times during the course of the war.

During the latter half of the 20th century, the Capital Area began to rapidly develop as South Korea's economic wealth expanded. Population expanded fourfold since the Korean War. In 2001, the new Incheon International Airport took over all international flights to Seoul.

Demographics

See also: Demographics of South Korea

Covering only about 12% of the country's area, the Seoul Capital Area is home to more than 48.2% of the national population, and is the world's fifth largest urban area. This percentage has risen steadily since the mid-20th century, and the trend is expected to continue. Currently more than half of the people who move from one region to another are moving to the capital area.[2] By 2020, it is projected that more than 52% of South Korea's population will live within the area, or 26,310,000 people.[3] However, the Seoul Capital Area reached 25,620,000 people by 2015, bringing the chance of reaching a population of 26.31 Million in less than 5 years.

Economy

In 2017, Seoul Capital Area's gross regional product was ₩870 trillion(US$770 billion), generating half of the country's total GDP.[4] It is the fourth largest urban economy in the world after Tokyo, New York City and Los Angeles,[5] and the region hosts headquarters of 59 Forbes Global 2000 companies.[6] As the economy of Seoul Capital Area transformed to knowledge economy from the manufacturing-based economy of the 20th century, there are a number of high-tech business parks in Seoul Capital Area, such as Digital Media City and Pangyo Techno Valley.

 
Industrial Clusters in Seoul Capital Area

The South Korean government is now implementing a plan to create several centers for economic activities in the Capital Area. According to the plan, for example, Seoul is a 'Northeast Asia's Financial and Business Hub', and southwestern coast, with Incheon and Suwon, is 'International logistics and High-tech Industrial Belt'.

The Seoul Capital Area is home to the most affluent and livable cities and apartments in Korea but there are significant discrepancies between cities and districts, particularly between those built in the older and newer generations. Newer areas with more modern and luxurious apartments and infrastructure are more expensive, along with proximity to Gangnam District, the commercial center of the region.[7]

See also: Category:Companies based in Seoul

Government

See also: Government of South Korea

Various agencies have been set up to deal with the intergovernmental problems of the region. Proposals for consolidating some or all of the cities of the capital area into a handful of metropolitan cities have thus far not been implemented.

Development in the area is currently governed by the Capital Region Readjustment Planning Act (수도권정비계획법), first passed in 1982 and last revised in 1996.

Subdivisions

See also: Administrative divisions of South Korea

The Seoul Capital Area is divided among the special city of Seoul, the metropolitan city of Incheon, and province of Gyeonggi. Seoul has 25 gu (local government wards), Incheon has 8 gu and 2 counties, and Gyeonggi Province has 28 cities and 3 counties as the subdivisions.

Seoul

Main article: List of districts of Seoul
Further information: Seoul

The 25 districts of Seoul.

Incheon

Main article: List of districts and counties of Incheon
Further information: Incheon

The 8 districts and 2 counties of Incheon.

Gyeonggi-do

Main article: List of cities and counties of Gyeonggi Province

27 cities and 4 counties of Gyeonggi-do. Below are seven of the largest cities, sorted by their population size:

Suwon

Further information: Suwon

The 4 gu of Suwon (수원; 水原).

Goyang

Further information: Goyang

The 3 gu of Goyang (고양; 高陽).

Yongin

Further information: Yongin

The 3 gu of Yongin (용인; 龍仁).

Seongnam

Further information: Seongnam

The 3 gu of Seongnam (성남; 城南).

Bucheon

Further information: Bucheon

Ansan

Further information: Ansan

The 2 gu of Ansan (안산; 安山).

Anyang

Further information: Anyang, Gyeonggi

The 2 gu of Anyang (안양; 安養).



Transportation

See also: Transport in South Korea and Transportation in Seoul
 
Incheon International Airport
 
Seoul Metropolitan subway, Line 3
 
Map of Seoul Ring Expressway

The cities of the capital area are tightly interconnected by road and rail. Many of the country's railroad lines, most notably the Gyeongbu Line, terminate in the region. In addition, rapid transit is provided by the Seoul Metropolitan Subway, which has lines that serve all districts of Seoul, as well as the city of Incheon and other surrounding cities within Gyeonggi Province.

The region is a nexus for travel by air and water. The country's two largest airports, Incheon International Airport and Gimpo International Airport, are in the metropolitan area. International and domestic ferries depart from Incheon's ferry terminals several times a day. Massive volumes of international freight pass through the container terminals of Incheon (primarily bound to and from China).

Seoul Ring Expressway (Expressway No. 100) connects satellite cities around Seoul: Ilsan, Toegyewon, Hanam, Pyeongchon, Songnae, Bundang, Pangyo and Gimpo.

See also

Notes

  1. ^ "2018년 지역소득(잠정)". www.kostat.go.kr.
  2. ^ "Sub-national HDI - Area Database - Global Data Lab". hdi.globaldatalab.org. Retrieved 2018-09-13.
  3. ^ http://kostat.go.kr/portal/korea/kor_nw/1/13/2/index.board?bmode=read&bSeq=&aSeq=379534&pageNo=1&rowNum=10&navCount=10&currPg=&searchInfo=&sTarget=title&sTxt=%7Ctitle=2018년 지역소득(잠정).
  4. ^ "지역소득 | 통계청".
  5. ^ . kosis.kr. Archived from the original on 2016-04-03.
  6. ^ "The World's Largest Public Companies". Forbes.
  7. ^ "미군 잔류로 낙후된 동두천, 특별법 제정해야". www.yonhapnews.co.kr. 2014-12-23.
  1. ^ Korea National Statistical Office (2008-07-22). e나라지표:수도권 인구 집중 현황 (in Korean).
  2. ^ Ryu Boseon (류보선) (2005-08-23). (in Korean). Korea National Statistical Office (KNSO) News. Archived from the original on 2007-09-28.
  3. ^ Hong, Yong-deok (홍용덕) (2005-06-01). 각종 분산정책 불구하고 수도권은 ‘인구 블랙홀’ (in Korean). The Hankyoreh.

External links

  • Official website of Seoul Metropolitan government
  • Metropolitan Air Quality Management Office, in Korean
  • Chosun Ilbo metro news, in Korean 2014-10-12 at the Wayback Machine

January 13, 2023
seoul, capital, area, sudogwon, korean, 수도권, hanja, 首都圈, sudogwon, sudokwŏn, sʰu, ɡwʌ, gyeonggi, region, korean, 경기, 지방, hanja, 京畿地方, gyeonggi, jibang, kyŏnggi, jibang, metropolitan, area, seoul, incheon, gyeonggi, province, located, north, west, south, korea,. The Seoul Capital Area SCA Sudogwon Korean 수도권 Hanja 首都圈 RR Sudogwon MR Sudokwŏn sʰu do ɡwʌ n or Gyeonggi region Korean 경기 지방 Hanja 京畿地方 RR Gyeonggi Jibang MR Kyŏnggi Jibang is the metropolitan area of Seoul Incheon and Gyeonggi Province located in north west South Korea Its population of 26 million as of 2020 1 is ranked as the fifth largest metropolitan area in the world Its area is about 12 685 km2 4 898 sq mi It forms the cultural commercial financial industrial and residential center of South Korea The largest city is Seoul with a population of approximately 10 million people followed by Incheon with 3 million inhabitants Seoul Capital Area 수도권Red Seoul Violet Incheon Green Gyeonggi do Blue other areas connected by rapid transitCountrySouth KoreaMajor citiesSeoulIncheonSuwonAnsanAnyangGoyangSeongnamBucheonYonginArea Capital area12 685 km2 4 898 sq mi Population 2020 Metro26 037 000 Metro density2 053 km2 5 320 sq mi Percentage of South Korea s total population 50 52 million GDP Nominal PPPUS 895 billion 1 16 trillionGDP per capita Nominal PPP US 34 854 45 283 2018 1 HDI 2019 0 943 2 very high 1stSeoul Capital AreaHangul수도권Hanja首都圈Revised RomanizationSudogwonMcCune ReischauerSudokwŏn Contents 1 Geography and climate 2 History 3 Demographics 4 Economy 5 Government 6 Subdivisions 6 1 Seoul 6 2 Incheon 6 3 Gyeonggi do 6 3 1 Suwon 6 3 2 Goyang 6 3 3 Yongin 6 3 4 Seongnam 6 3 5 Bucheon 6 3 6 Ansan 6 3 7 Anyang 7 Transportation 8 See also 9 Notes 10 External linksGeography and climate Edit Satellite image of Seoul and greater area See also Geography of South Korea The Capital Area occupies a plain in the Han River valley It contains some of the most fertile land on the Korean peninsula although relatively little of it is now used for agriculture The Gimpo international airport one of the country s larger expanses of level arable land covers much of the area of the cities of Gimpo and Bucheon History EditSee also History of South Korea and History of Seoul The Capital Area has been home to a Korean capital for around 2 000 years Its central location and relatively gentle landscape have given it a central role in the country s affairs The first capital to be constructed in the region was that of Baekje one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea The country s first capital was built in 19 BC and was named Wiryeseong This is believed to have been constructed near the modern day boundary of Seoul and Gwangju City However Baekje was unable to hold this territory and surrendered the Han River valley to Goguryeo in the 5th century The land was then taken over by Silla in the 6th century at which point it came to play a critical role in helping Silla to establish ties with China After the fall of Silla Taejo of Goryeo established the capital of his kingdom in Kaesŏng now just north of the Demilitarized Zone During the Mongol invasions of Korea in the 12th century the seat of government briefly shifted to Ganghwa Island now just south of the DMZ in Incheon metropolitan city where the Mongol naval attacks were repelled for about a decade before the king voluntarily surrendered to stop the carnage the Mongols committed in the peninsula in order to lure the king out After the fall of Goryeo Dynasty in 1392 the newly founded Joseon Dynasty had its capital then called Hanseong or Hanyang less than 100 km 62 mi south of the old dynasty s capital Kaesŏng Hanyang was chosen to be the new capital for mountains surrounding it making it safe from enemies and for the Han River separating the north and south parts of the city that let the trade business flourish During the new dynasty s rule extensive road systems administrative buildings royal palaces and new ports were built quickly attracting wealth from all over the kingdom During the Korean Empire period Hanseong s public transportation was improved with the installation of streetcars and manually drawn trolleys similar to taxis Horse carriage systems similar to the ones in Europe were also established Following the Japanese occupation of Korea in 1910 Hanseong was renamed Keijo Gyeongseong and served as Korea s capital The Korran Republic with its war of resistance against Japan also named it as its capital Upon Japan s defeat and Korea s liberation in 1945 the capital retained one of its old names Seoul and became capital of South Korea In the Korean War 1950 1953 the Capital Area became the focus of battles so destructive that most of Seoul and the surrounding regions were eradicated Seoul was especially hit hard since it exchanged hands four times during the course of the war During the latter half of the 20th century the Capital Area began to rapidly develop as South Korea s economic wealth expanded Population expanded fourfold since the Korean War In 2001 the new Incheon International Airport took over all international flights to Seoul Demographics EditSee also Demographics of South Korea Covering only about 12 of the country s area the Seoul Capital Area is home to more than 48 2 of the national population and is the world s fifth largest urban area This percentage has risen steadily since the mid 20th century and the trend is expected to continue Currently more than half of the people who move from one region to another are moving to the capital area 2 By 2020 it is projected that more than 52 of South Korea s population will live within the area or 26 310 000 people 3 However the Seoul Capital Area reached 25 620 000 people by 2015 bringing the chance of reaching a population of 26 31 Million in less than 5 years Economy EditIn 2017 Seoul Capital Area s gross regional product was 870 trillion US 770 billion generating half of the country s total GDP 4 It is the fourth largest urban economy in the world after Tokyo New York City and Los Angeles 5 and the region hosts headquarters of 59 Forbes Global 2000 companies 6 As the economy of Seoul Capital Area transformed to knowledge economy from the manufacturing based economy of the 20th century there are a number of high tech business parks in Seoul Capital Area such as Digital Media City and Pangyo Techno Valley Industrial Clusters in Seoul Capital Area The South Korean government is now implementing a plan to create several centers for economic activities in the Capital Area According to the plan for example Seoul is a Northeast Asia s Financial and Business Hub and southwestern coast with Incheon and Suwon is International logistics and High tech Industrial Belt The Seoul Capital Area is home to the most affluent and livable cities and apartments in Korea but there are significant discrepancies between cities and districts particularly between those built in the older and newer generations Newer areas with more modern and luxurious apartments and infrastructure are more expensive along with proximity to Gangnam District the commercial center of the region 7 See also Category Companies based in SeoulGovernment EditSee also Government of South Korea Various agencies have been set up to deal with the intergovernmental problems of the region Proposals for consolidating some or all of the cities of the capital area into a handful of metropolitan cities have thus far not been implemented Development in the area is currently governed by the Capital Region Readjustment Planning Act 수도권정비계획법 first passed in 1982 and last revised in 1996 Subdivisions EditSee also Administrative divisions of South Korea The Seoul Capital Area is divided among the special city of Seoul the metropolitan city of Incheon and province of Gyeonggi Seoul has 25 gu local government wards Incheon has 8 gu and 2 counties and Gyeonggi Province has 28 cities and 3 counties as the subdivisions Bundang Seongnam Anyang Gyeonggi Province Seoul Edit Main article List of districts of Seoul Further information Seoul The 25 districts of Seoul Dobong District 도봉구 道峰區 Dongdaemun District 동대문구 東大門區 Dongjak District 동작구 銅雀區 Eunpyeong District 은평구 恩平區 Gangbuk District 강북구 江北區 Gangdong District 강동구 江東區 Gangnam District 강남구 江南區 Gangseo District 강서구 江西區 Geumcheon District 금천구 衿川區 Guro District 구로구 九老區 Gwanak District 관악구 冠岳區 Gwangjin District 광진구 廣津區 Jongno District 종로구 鍾路區 Jung District 중구 中區 Jungnang District 중랑구 中浪區 Mapo District 마포구 麻浦區 Nowon District 노원구 蘆原區 Seocho District 서초구 瑞草區 Seodaemun District 서대문구 西大門區 Seongbuk District 성북구 城北區 Seongdong District 성동구 城東區 Songpa District 송파구 松坡區 Yangcheon District 양천구 陽川區 Yeongdeungpo District 영등포구 永登浦區 Yongsan District 용산구 龍山區 Incheon Edit Main article List of districts and counties of Incheon Further information Incheon The 8 districts and 2 counties of Incheon Bupyeong District 부평구 富平區 Dong District 동구 東區 Gyeyang District 계양구 桂陽區 Jung District 중구 中區 Michuhol District 미추홀구 彌鄒忽區 Former Nam District 남구 南區 Namdong District 남동구 南洞區 Seo District 서구 西區 Yeonsu District 연수구 延壽區 Ganghwa County 강화군 江華郡 Ongjin County 옹진군 甕津郡 Gyeonggi do Edit Main article List of cities and counties of Gyeonggi Province 27 cities and 4 counties of Gyeonggi do Below are seven of the largest cities sorted by their population size Suwon Edit Further information Suwon The 4 gu of Suwon 수원 水原 Paldal gu 팔달구 八達區 Yeongtong gu 영통구 霊通區 Jangan gu 장안구 長安區 Gwonseon gu 권선구 勸善區 Goyang Edit Further information Goyang The 3 gu of Goyang 고양 高陽 Deogyang gu 덕양구 德陽區 Ilsandong gu 일산동구 一山東區 Ilsanseo gu 일산서구 一山西區 Yongin Edit Further information Yongin The 3 gu of Yongin 용인 龍仁 Cheoin gu 처인구 處仁區 Giheung gu 기흥구 器興區 Suji gu 수지구 水枝區 Seongnam Edit Further information Seongnam The 3 gu of Seongnam 성남 城南 Bundang gu 분당구 盆唐區 Jungwon gu 중원구 中原區 Sujeong gu 수정구 壽井區 Bucheon Edit Further information Bucheon Ansan Edit Further information Ansan The 2 gu of Ansan 안산 安山 Danwon gu 단원구 檀園區 Sangnok gu 상록구 常綠區 Anyang Edit Further information Anyang Gyeonggi The 2 gu of Anyang 안양 安養 Dongan gu 동안구 東安區 Manan gu 만안구 萬安區 Anseong 안성 安城 Dongducheon 동두천 東豆川 Gimpo 김포 金浦 Goyang 고양 高陽 Gunpo 군포 軍浦 Guri 구리 九里 Gwacheon 과천 果川 Gwangju 광주 廣州 Gwangmyeong 광명 光明 Hanam 하남 河南 Hwaseong 화성 華城 Icheon 이천 利川 Namyangju 남양주 南楊州 Osan 오산 烏山 Paju 파주 坡州 Pocheon 포천 抱川 Pyeongtaek 평택 平澤 Siheung 시흥 始興 Uijeongbu 의정부 議政府 Uiwang 의왕 儀旺 Yangju 양주 楊州 Yeoju 여주 驪州 Gapyeong County 가평군 加平郡 Yangpyeong County 양평군 揚平郡 Yeoncheon County 연천군 漣川郡 Transportation EditSee also Transport in South Korea and Transportation in Seoul Incheon International Airport Seoul Metropolitan subway Line 3 Map of Seoul Ring Expressway The cities of the capital area are tightly interconnected by road and rail Many of the country s railroad lines most notably the Gyeongbu Line terminate in the region In addition rapid transit is provided by the Seoul Metropolitan Subway which has lines that serve all districts of Seoul as well as the city of Incheon and other surrounding cities within Gyeonggi Province The region is a nexus for travel by air and water The country s two largest airports Incheon International Airport and Gimpo International Airport are in the metropolitan area International and domestic ferries depart from Incheon s ferry terminals several times a day Massive volumes of international freight pass through the container terminals of Incheon primarily bound to and from China Seoul Ring Expressway Expressway No 100 connects satellite cities around Seoul Ilsan Toegyewon Hanam Pyeongchon Songnae Bundang Pangyo and Gimpo See also EditGeography of South Korea Regions of Korea Demographics of South Korea Capital Region List of metropolitan areas by population List of metropolitan areas in Asia by population Subdivisions of South Korea Seoul Ring Expressway Greater Tokyo Area Jing Jin JiNotes Edit 2018년 지역소득 잠정 www kostat go kr Sub national HDI Area Database Global Data Lab hdi globaldatalab org Retrieved 2018 09 13 http kostat go kr portal korea kor nw 1 13 2 index board bmode read amp bSeq amp aSeq 379534 amp pageNo 1 amp rowNum 10 amp navCount 10 amp currPg amp searchInfo amp sTarget title amp sTxt 7Ctitle 2018년 지역소득 잠정 지역소득 통계청 통계청 KOSIS 국가통계포털 kosis kr Archived from the original on 2016 04 03 The World s Largest Public Companies Forbes 미군 잔류로 낙후된 동두천 특별법 제정해야 www yonhapnews co kr 2014 12 23 Korea National Statistical Office 2008 07 22 e나라지표 수도권 인구 집중 현황 in Korean Ryu Boseon 류보선 2005 08 23 수도권 인구 편중현상 계속 in Korean Korea National Statistical Office KNSO News Archived from the original on 2007 09 28 Hong Yong deok 홍용덕 2005 06 01 각종 분산정책 불구하고 수도권은 인구 블랙홀 in Korean The Hankyoreh External links EditOfficial website of Seoul Metropolitan government Metropolitan Air Quality Management Office in Korean Capital Region Development Institute in Korean Chosun Ilbo metro news in Korean Archived 2014 10 12 at the Wayback Machine 4 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Seoul Capital Area amp oldid 1132745869, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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