"Tree toad" redirects here. For the genus of true toads sometimes known as tree toads, see Dendrophryniscus.
A tree frog (or treefrog) is any species of frog that spends a major portion of its lifespan in trees, known as an arboreal state.[1] Several lineages of frogs among the Neobatrachia suborder have given rise to treefrogs, although they are not closely related to each other.
Millions of years of convergent evolution have resulted in very similar morphology even in species that are not very closely related.[2] Furthermore, tree frogs in seasonally arid environments have adapted an extra-epidermal layer of lipid and mucus as an evolutionary convergent response to accommodate the periodic dehydration stress.
As the name implies, these frogs are typically found in trees or other high-growing vegetation. They do not normally descend to the ground, except to mate and spawn, though some build foam nests on leaves and rarely leave the trees at all as adults, and Eleutherodactylus has evolved direct development and therefore does not need water for a tadpole stage.
Tree frogs are usually tiny as their weight has to be carried by the branches and twigs in their habitats. While some reach 10 cm (4 in) or more, they are typically smaller and more slender than terrestrial frogs. Tree frogs typically have well-developed discs at the finger and toe tips, they rely on several attachment mechanisms that vary with circumstances, tree frogs require static and dynamic, adhesive and frictional, reversible and repeatable force generation; the fingers and toes themselves, as well as the limbs, tend to be rather small, resulting in a superior grasping ability. The genus Chiromantis of the Rhacophoridae is most extreme in this respect: it can oppose two fingers to the other two, resulting in a vise-like grip.
Familyedit
Tree frogs are members of these families or genera:
^Rowley, Jodi. "Frogs in the trees". The Australian Museum. Retrieved 2019-04-01.
Bibliographyedit
Langowski, J. K.; Dodou, D.; Kamperman, M.; van Leeuwen, J. L. (2018). "Tree frog attachment: Mechanisms, challenges, and perspectives". Frontiers in Zoology. 15 (1): 32. doi:10.1186/s12983-018-0273-x. PMC6107968. PMID 30154908.
Richardson, C.; Lengagne, T. (2009). "Multiple signals and male spacing affect female preference at cocktail parties in treefrogs". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 277 (1685): 1247–1252. doi:10.1098/rspb.2009.1836. PMC2842810. PMID 20018785.
External linksedit
Look up tree frog in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
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tree, frog, tree, toad, redirects, here, genus, true, toads, sometimes, known, tree, toads, dendrophryniscus, tree, frog, treefrog, species, frog, that, spends, major, portion, lifespan, trees, known, arboreal, state, several, lineages, frogs, among, neobatrac. Tree toad redirects here For the genus of true toads sometimes known as tree toads see Dendrophryniscus A tree frog or treefrog is any species of frog that spends a major portion of its lifespan in trees known as an arboreal state 1 Several lineages of frogs among the Neobatrachia suborder have given rise to treefrogs although they are not closely related to each other European treefrog Hyla arborea Millions of years of convergent evolution have resulted in very similar morphology even in species that are not very closely related 2 Furthermore tree frogs in seasonally arid environments have adapted an extra epidermal layer of lipid and mucus as an evolutionary convergent response to accommodate the periodic dehydration stress Contents 1 Description 2 Family 3 Gallery 4 References 5 Bibliography 6 External linksDescription edit nbsp Red eyed treefrog Osa Peninsula Costa Rica nbsp Gladiator treefrog Hypsiboas rosenbergi Osa Peninsula Costa Rica As the name implies these frogs are typically found in trees or other high growing vegetation They do not normally descend to the ground except to mate and spawn though some build foam nests on leaves and rarely leave the trees at all as adults and Eleutherodactylus has evolved direct development and therefore does not need water for a tadpole stage Tree frogs are usually tiny as their weight has to be carried by the branches and twigs in their habitats While some reach 10 cm 4 in or more they are typically smaller and more slender than terrestrial frogs Tree frogs typically have well developed discs at the finger and toe tips they rely on several attachment mechanisms that vary with circumstances tree frogs require static and dynamic adhesive and frictional reversible and repeatable force generation the fingers and toes themselves as well as the limbs tend to be rather small resulting in a superior grasping ability The genus Chiromantis of the Rhacophoridae is most extreme in this respect it can oppose two fingers to the other two resulting in a vise like grip Family editTree frogs are members of these families or genera Hylidae or true treefrogs occur in the temperate to tropical parts of Eurasia north of the Himalayas Australia and the Americas Rhacophoridae or shrub frogs are the treefrogs of tropical regions around the Indian Ocean Africa South Asia and Southeast Asia east to Lydekker s line A few also occur in East Asia Centrolenidae or glass frogs are potentially closely related to hylids these translucent frogs are native to Central and South America Hyperoliidae or reed frogs are closely related to the burrowing Microhylidae these small frogs are native to sub Saharan Africa Boophis is a genus of highly arboreal frogs which evolved from the toxic terrestrial Mantellidae of Madagascar Gallery edit nbsp Gray tree frog Hyla versicolor Hylidae eastern North America nbsp American green tree frog Dryophytes cinereus or Hyla cinerea Hylidae central and southeastern United States nbsp Common tree frog Polypedates leucomystax Rhacophoridae southern to eastern Asia nbsp Powdered glass frog Cochranella pulverata Centrolenidae Honduras to Ecuador nbsp Big eyed tree frog Leptopelis vermiculatus Hyperoliidae Tanzania nbsp White lipped bright eyed frog Boophis albilabris Mantellidae Madagascar nbsp Malabar tree toad Pedostibes tuberculosus Hyperoliidae India source source source Sound of treefrogs in south Georgia US 78 seconds References edit Amphibians 2008 04 22 Tree Frog Info Animals howstuffworks com Retrieved 2013 06 03 Rowley Jodi Frogs in the trees The Australian Museum Retrieved 2019 04 01 Bibliography editLangowski J K Dodou D Kamperman M van Leeuwen J L 2018 Tree frog attachment Mechanisms challenges and perspectives Frontiers in Zoology 15 1 32 doi 10 1186 s12983 018 0273 x PMC 6107968 PMID 30154908 Richardson C Lengagne T 2009 Multiple signals and male spacing affect female preference at cocktail parties in treefrogs Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences 277 1685 1247 1252 doi 10 1098 rspb 2009 1836 PMC 2842810 PMID 20018785 External links edit nbsp Look up tree frog in Wiktionary the free dictionary nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Neobatrachia nbsp This amphibian related article is a stub You can help Wikipedia by expanding it vte Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Tree frog amp oldid 1219915996, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
