Soninke language

The Soninke language (Soninke: Sooninkanxanne,^[2] سࣷونِکَنْخَنّࣹ‎), also known as Serakhulle or Azer or Maraka,^[3] is a Mande language spoken by the Soninke people of West Africa. The language has an estimated 3 million speakers, primarily located in Mali and Mauritania, and also (in order of numerical importance of the communities) in Senegal, Ivory Coast, The Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, and Guinea. It enjoys the status of a national language in Mauritania, Mali, Senegal and The Gambia.

Soninke
Sooninkanxanne سࣷونِکَنْخَنّࣹ‎
Native to	Mali, Senegal, Ivory Coast, Gambia, Mauritania, Guinea-Bissau, Guinea and Ghana
Ethnicity	Soninke people
Native speakers	2.1 million (2006–2011)^[1]
Language family	Niger-Congo Mande Western Mande Northwestern Soninke–Bobo Soninke–Bozo Soninke
Writing system	Latin Arabic (Wolofal)
Language codes
ISO 639-2	`snk`
ISO 639-3	`snk`
Glottolog	`soni1259`
This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA.

Phonology edit

Consonants edit

		Labial	Alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Uvular	Glottal
Nasal		⟨m⟩ m	⟨n⟩ n	⟨ñ⟩ ɲ	⟨ŋ⟩ ŋ
Stop and Affricate	voiceless	⟨p⟩ p	⟨t⟩ t	⟨c⟩ t͡ʃ	⟨k⟩ k	⟨q⟩ q
Stop and Affricate	voiced	⟨b⟩ b	⟨d⟩ d	⟨j⟩ d͡ʒ	⟨g⟩ ɡ
Fricative		⟨f⟩ f	⟨s⟩ s		⟨x⟩ x ~ χ		⟨h⟩ h
Trill			⟨r⟩ r
Approximant		⟨w⟩ w	⟨l⟩ l	⟨y⟩ j

Vowels edit

	Front	Central	Back
Close	i, iː		u, uː
Close-mid	e, eː		o, oː
Open		a, aː

^[4]^[5]

Long vowels are written double: aa, ee, ii, oo, uu.

References edit

^ Soninke at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
^ Lexicon Soninke-French-English 2008-12-30 at the Wayback Machine
^ Olsen, James Stuart; Meur, Charles (1996). The Peoples of Africa: an Ethnohistorical Dictionary. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 532-533. ISBN 9780313279188. Retrieved 2 December 2020.
^ Moussa Diagana, Ousmane (2013). Dictionnaire soninké-français (Mauritanie). Karthala.
^ Gràcia; Contreras, Lluïsa; Joan Miquel (2005). El Soninké i el Mandinga. Universitat de Girona.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

External links edit

PanAfriL10n page on Soninke
Soninkara.org: La langue soninké
Decree No. 2005-991 of 21 October 2005 relating to the spelling and the separation of words in Soninke via the website of the Senegalese Journal officiel (in French)

This article about Mande languages is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

[e18-1] Soninke at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)

[2] Lexicon Soninke-French-English 2008-12-30 at the Wayback Machine

[3] Olsen, James Stuart; Meur, Charles (1996). The Peoples of Africa: an Ethnohistorical Dictionary. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 532-533. ISBN 9780313279188. Retrieved 2 December 2020.

[4] Moussa Diagana, Ousmane (2013). Dictionnaire soninké-français (Mauritanie). Karthala.

[5] Gràcia; Contreras, Lluïsa; Joan Miquel (2005). El Soninké i el Mandinga. Universitat de Girona.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

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www.wiki3.en-us.nina.az

Soninke language

Contents

Phonology edit

Consonants edit

Vowels edit

References edit

External links edit

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