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Wikipedia

Roubaix

May 15, 2023

Roubaix (French: [ʁubɛ] or [ʁube]; Dutch: Robaais; West Flemish: Roboais) is a city in northern France, located in the Lille metropolitan area on the Belgian border. It is a historically mono-industrial commune[3] in the Nord department,[4] which grew rapidly in the 19th century from its textile industries, with most of the same characteristic features as those of English and American boom towns.[5][6] This former new town has faced many challenges linked to deindustrialisation such as urban decay,[7] with their related economic and social implications, since its major industries fell into decline by the middle of the 1970s. Located to the northeast of Lille, adjacent to Tourcoing, Roubaix is the chef-lieu of two cantons and the third largest city in the French region of Hauts-de-France ranked by population with nearly 99,000 inhabitants.[8]

Roubaix
Robaais
Commune
The city hall
Coat of arms
Motto: 
Probitas et Industria
Location of Roubaix
Roubaix
Roubaix
Coordinates: 50°41′24″N 3°10′54″E / 50.6901°N 3.18167°E / 50.6901; 3.18167Coordinates: 50°41′24″N 3°10′54″E / 50.6901°N 3.18167°E / 50.6901; 3.18167
CountryFrance
RegionHauts-de-France
DepartmentNord
ArrondissementLille
CantonRoubaix-1 and Roubaix-2
IntercommunalityMétropole Européenne de Lille
Government
 • Mayor (2020–2026) Guillaume Delbar[1]
Area
1
13.23 km2 (5.11 sq mi)
Population
 (Jan. 2020)[2]
98,066
 • Density7,400/km2 (19,000/sq mi)
Demonym(s)Roubaisian (en)
Roubaisien(ne) (fr)
Time zoneUTC+01:00 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+02:00 (CEST)
INSEE/Postal code
59512 /59100
Elevation17–52 m (56–171 ft)
(avg. 35 m or 115 ft)
Websitewww.ville-roubaix.fr (in French)
1 French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries.

Together with the nearby cities of Lille, Tourcoing, Villeneuve-d'Ascq and eighty-six other communes,[9] Roubaix gives structure to a four-centred metropolitan area inhabited by more than 1.1 million people: the European Metropolis of Lille.[10][11][12] To a greater extent, Roubaix is in the center of a vast conurbation formed with the Belgian cities of Mouscron, Kortrijk and Tournai, which gave birth to the first European Grouping of Territorial Cooperation in January 2008, Lille–Kortrijk–Tournai with an aggregate population of over 2 million inhabitants.[13]

Geography

Location

Roubaix occupies a central position on the north-east slope of the Métropole Européenne de Lille: it is set on the eastern side of Lille and the southern side of Tourcoing, close to the Belgian border. As regards towns' boundaries, Roubaix is encompassed by seven cities which constitute its immediate neighbouring environment. These municipalities are namely: Tourcoing to the north and the northwest, Wattrelos to the northeast, Leers to the east, Lys-lez-Lannoy to the southeast, Hem to the south and Croix to the southwest and the west. Roubaix, alongside those municipalities and twenty-one other communes, belongs to the land of Ferrain, a little district of the former Castellany of Lille between the Lys and Scheldt rivers.[14]

As the crow flies, the distance between Roubaix and the following cities is some odd: 16 kilometres (9.9 mi) to Tournai, 18 kilometres (11 mi) to Kortrijk, 84 kilometres (52 mi) to Brussels and 213 kilometres (132 mi) to Paris.[15]

Geology

The land upon which Roubaix stands belongs to the plain of Flanders. The Roubaisian area stretches on an east-west oriented shallow syncline axis which trends south-southeast to the Paleozoic limestone[16] of the Mélantois-Tournaisis faulted anticline.[17] It consists predominantly of Holocene alluvial sediment depositions. It is flat and low, with an elevation drop of only 35 m (114 ft 10 in) over its 13.23 square kilometres (5.11 sq mi). The lowest altitude of this area stands at 17 m (55 ft 9+1⁄2 in), while its highest altitude is 52 m (170 ft 7 in) meters above the sea level.[18]

Hydrology

The Trichon stream fed by waters of the Espierre stream used to flow through the rural landscape of Roubaix before the industrialisation process began to alter this area in the middle of the 19th century.[19] From that century on, the ensuing industries, with their increasing needs for reliable supplies of goods and water, led to the building of an inland waterway connected upstream from the Deûle and downstream to the Marque and Espierre toward the Scheldt, which linked directly Roubaix to Lille.[20][21]

Opened in 1877,[22] the Canal de Roubaix crosses the town from its northern neighbourhoods to its eastern neighbourhoods and partially flows along the city's boundaries. The Canal de Roubaix closed in 1985, after more than a century in use.[23] Thank to the European funded project Blue Links, the waterway has been reopened to boating traffic since 2011.[24]

Climate

The area of the city is not known for undergoing unusual weather events. In regard to the town's geographical location[25] and the results of the Météo-France's weather station of Lille-Lesquin,[26][27] Roubaix is a temperate oceanic climate: while summer experiences mild temperatures, winter's temperatures may fall to below zero. Precipitation is infrequently intense.

Climate data for Roubaix (1981−2010 normals, extremes 1965−present)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 15.5
(59.9) 		19.2
(66.6) 		25.5
(77.9) 		28.5
(83.3) 		33.0
(91.4) 		35.0
(95.0) 		42.1
(107.8) 		37.5
(99.5) 		35.5
(95.9) 		28.0
(82.4) 		20.1
(68.2) 		15.5
(59.9) 		42.1
(107.8)
Average high °C (°F) 6.7
(44.1) 		7.5
(45.5) 		11.1
(52.0) 		14.7
(58.5) 		18.7
(65.7) 		21.3
(70.3) 		23.8
(74.8) 		23.9
(75.0) 		20.2
(68.4) 		15.6
(60.1) 		10.5
(50.9) 		7.2
(45.0) 		15.1
(59.2)
Daily mean °C (°F) 4.1
(39.4) 		4.5
(40.1) 		7.4
(45.3) 		10.1
(50.2) 		13.9
(57.0) 		16.6
(61.9) 		18.9
(66.0) 		18.9
(66.0) 		15.7
(60.3) 		11.9
(53.4) 		7.7
(45.9) 		4.8
(40.6) 		11.2
(52.2)
Average low °C (°F) 1.6
(34.9) 		1.5
(34.7) 		3.7
(38.7) 		5.5
(41.9) 		9.2
(48.6) 		11.9
(53.4) 		14.0
(57.2) 		13.9
(57.0) 		11.2
(52.2) 		8.2
(46.8) 		4.8
(40.6) 		2.4
(36.3) 		7.4
(45.3)
Record low °C (°F) −14.5
(5.9) 		−12.5
(9.5) 		−7.5
(18.5) 		−2.5
(27.5) 		−1.0
(30.2) 		3.0
(37.4) 		5.0
(41.0) 		5.0
(41.0) 		3.0
(37.4) 		−3.5
(25.7) 		−7.0
(19.4) 		−10.5
(13.1) 		−14.5
(5.9)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 69.8
(2.75) 		54.6
(2.15) 		63.9
(2.52) 		53.3
(2.10) 		67.8
(2.67) 		71.6
(2.82) 		74.2
(2.92) 		70.0
(2.76) 		68.0
(2.68) 		77.1
(3.04) 		81.5
(3.21) 		81.4
(3.20) 		833.2
(32.80)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) 13.0 10.8 12.3 10.6 11.3 9.8 10.3 8.9 10.8 12.0 13.3 13.1 136.2
Source: Météo-France[28]

Toponymy

The current city's name is most likely derived from Frankish rausa "reed" and baki "brook".[29][30][31] Therefore the meaning of Roubaix can, in all likelihood, find its origin on the banks of its three historical brooks: Espierre, Trichon and Favreuil.[32] The place was mentioned for the first time in a Latinised form in the 9th century: Villa Rusbaci.[30][31][33] Thereafter, the following names were in use: 1047 and 1106 Rubais, 1122 Rosbays, 1166 Rusbais, 1156 and 1202 Robais, 1223 Roubais.[30][34] Over the span of centuries, the name evolved to Roubaix as shown on Mercator's map of Flanders published at Leuven in 1540.[35]

Parallel to the official and usual name Roubaix, some translations are worth a mention. Firstly, though the city has never belonged to the Flemish-speaking area,[36] the seldom-heard renderings Robeke[37][38] and Roodebeeke[39] are documented for Roubaix.[40] Furthermore, the Dutch Language Union established Robaais as the city's proper Dutch name.[41] Lastly, one can cite Rosbacum as the definite Latin transcription of Roubaix which has been in use since the 19th century, as recorded on dedication statements sealed in the first stones of the foundations of the City Hall laid in 1840 and the Church of Notre Dame laid in 1842.[42]

History

See also: Timeline of Roubaix
 
View of the city, dated 1699. Landscape with the castle, surrounded by a moat, next to the Sainte-Elisabeth hospital at left, the mill at right and the Saint-Martin church, regarded as the city's centre point, at centre.

Heraldry

 
 The arms of Roubaix are blazoned:
Party per pale ermine a chief gules and azure, thereon between two bobbins argent a five-pointed star or in chief, a wool-cards at its centre and a shuttle fesswise in base or, all within a bordure indented of the same.



People

Inhabitants of Roubaix are known in English as "Roubaisians" and in French as Roubaisiens (pronounced [ʁu.bɛ.zjɛ̃ ]) or in the feminine form Roubaisiennes (pronounced [ʁu.bɛ.zjɛn]), also natively called Roubaignots (pronounced [ʁu.bɛ.njo]) or in the feminine form Roubaignotes (pronounced [ʁu.bɛ.njoz]).[43][44][45]

Demographics

See also: Demographics of France
Historical population
YearPop.±% p.a.
1716 4,715—    
1764 7,363+0.93%
1789 8,559+0.60%
1793 9,120+1.60%
1800 8,091−1.70%
1801 8,151+0.74%
1805 8,703+1.65%
1806 8,724+0.24%
1817 8,724+0.00%
1821 12,170+8.68%
1830 13,132+0.85%
1831 18,187+38.49%
1836 19,455+1.36%
1841 24,802+4.98%
1842 24,892+0.36%
1846 31,039+5.67%
1851 34,698+2.25%
1856 39,445+2.60%
1861 49,274+4.55%
1866 65,091+5.73%
1872 75,987+2.61%
1876 83,661+2.43%
YearPop.±% p.a.
1881 91,757+1.86%
1886 100,299+1.80%
1891 114,917+2.76%
1896 124,661+1.64%
1901 124,365−0.05%
1906 121,017−0.54%
1911 122,723+0.28%
1921 113,265−0.80%
1926 117,209+0.69%
1931 117,190−0.00%
1936 107,105−1.78%
1946 100,978−0.59%
1954 110,067+1.08%
1962 112,856+0.31%
1968 114,547+0.25%
1975 109,553−0.63%
1982 101,602−1.07%
1990 97,746−0.48%
1999 96,984−0.09%
2007 97,423+0.06%
2012 94,536−0.60%
2017 96,990+0.51%
From 1962 to 1999: population without double counting
Source: L.E. Marissal for 1716, 1789, 1801, 1805, 1817, 1830 and 1842,[46] Comte du Muy for 1764,[47] Ldh/EHESS/Cassini until 2006[18] and INSEE from 2007[48]

The evolution of the number of inhabitants is known through the population censuses carried out in the town since 1793 and the research study of Louis-Edmond Marissal, Clerk of the Peace of the city, published in 1844.[46] Roubaix evolved into a provincial market town until the end of the Early modern period with a census population of 4,715 inhabitants in 1716.[46] By the late 18th century, the city began to emerge as regional textile manufacturing centre and its population increased, reaching a level of 8,091 in 1800. As a result of the industrialisation process of the 19th century, the need of workers was supplied by rural flight as well as immigration. Belgian settlement was a feature of the Roubaisian life at that time.[49][50]

During the first-half period of the 19th century, Roubaix ranked the first French town in terms of population growth rate with a five times increase,[51] whereas in the remaining period of this century its population doubled. Within this last time framework, Belgian immigration appeared to be one of the major factor to explain the significantly high population growth, with 30,465 Belgian inhabitants counted in 1866 and 42,103 in 1872.[52] Nonetheless, the rate of natural increase shew to be a more important component of the population growth in that period.[53]

At the 20th century threshold, the Roubaisian population reached a peak of 124,661, from which it progressively declined over the successive decades. Occupied by German troops from October 1914 to October 1918, Roubaix belonged to the combat zone of the Western Front during the First World War.[54] Over this occupation period, Roubaisians suffered from dearth, deportation for compulsory labour and unusual casualties[55] with a rather slight population drop from 122,723 to 113,265 between the 1911 and 1921 censuses.[56]

The population of the city was 98,828 as of January 2019.[8] This enables Roubaix to remain the third largest municipality in the region Hauts-de-France, after Lille and Amiens.

Languages

Although the region of Roubaix was subjected many times to the domination of Flanders' rulers throughout its history, Roubaisians have used a local Picard variant as the language of everyday life for centuries. This spoken vernacular is locally known as Roubaignot.[57][58] Until the early 20th century this patois prevailed.[59] Therefore, French language progressive penetration into local culture should not only be analysed as a result of the industrialisation and urbanisation of the area but should also be considered in terms of public education policies.[44][60]

Religion

Christianity

The city of Roubaix is divided into six Catholic parishes and belongs to the deanery of the same name in the archdiocese of Lille.

Judaism

In the aftermath of the Franco-Prussian War and the German annexation of Alsace-Lorraine, many Jews left their homes and emigrated.[61][62] Jewish arrival in Roubaix derives from that bitter period of history.[63][64] At the time, the new immigrant community, even though its small size, dedicated a building to Jewish faith and liturgical practises.[64][65][66] The newly opened synagogue, located in a house at number 51 on the narrow rue des Champs,[64][66] operated more than 60 years, until 1939, when it was closed under imprecise local circumstances as the Nazi regime took over in Europe.[66][67] Despite the closure of the synagogue, the occupation and police raids,[note 1][69] the local practise of Judaism saw a humble revival after the war which lasted until the start of the 1990s when the modest Jewry of Roubaix handed over its Sefer Torah to the care of the Jewish community of Lille.[67] Roubaix has no longer been home to a Jewish place of worship since that event.[70] The house inside which the first one was created 123 years ago, has been demolished since an urban renewal project occurred in 2000.[64] On September 10, 2015, the mayor unveiled a commemorative plaque on the rue des Champs, as a tribute to the Roubaisian Jewry, in memory of the religious purpose of this previous building.[67]

Islam

As of August 2013 there were six mosques in the town, including one under construction. According to estimates by the mayor's office, around 20,000 people, or about 20 percent of the population were Muslims.[71] Four areas of the cemetery were designated for Muslims.[72]

Buddhism

During the second half of the 20th century, the city took in Buddhist communities from originally Buddhist countries in the Southeast Asian peninsula including Cambodia, Laos, Thailand, and Vietnam.[73] Within this background Roubaix has brought together two Buddhist traditions on its territory, hence cultural variations across communities: Mahāyāna and Theravāda with, respectively, one and four places of worship.[74]

Urbanism

Urban geography

During the Middle Age, the city grew in a northward-facing semicircle around its primitive core, beyond the area spread out between the church Saint Martin and the former fortified castle. The existence of this south boundary remained until the 18th century and marked an urban expansion which mainly occurred on the western and northern sides of the town.[75] Increasing industrialisation, land transport improvement, continued population growth and the resulting need for suitable low cost lands for housing and manufacturing plants, all of which finally led to expand the city southward from the centre, in the 19th century.[76]

Administrative and political affairs

Constituencies and cantons

Roubaix grouped four cantons from 1988 to 2012. Since then, this number has fallen to two with Roubaix 1 and Roubaix 2. After the last redistricting of French legislative constituencies in 2010, the city is now divided into two constituencies: Nord's 7th constituency which include the former canton of Roubaix-Ouest and Nord's 8th constituency formed by the following former cantons: Roubaix-Centre, Roubaix-Nord and Roubaix-Est.

Administrative zoning

Eastern district neighbourhoods

  • Fraternité
  • Pile
  • Sainte-Elisabeth
  • Sartel-Carihem
  • Trois Ponts

Western district neighbourhoods

  • Epeule
  • Fresnoy-Mackellerie
  • Trichon

Central district neighbourhoods

  • Anseelme Motte-Bossut
  • Barbieux
  • Centre-ville
  • Crouy
  • Espérance
  • Nations-Unies
  • Vauban

Northern district neighbourhoods

  • Alma-Gare
  • Armentières
  • Cul de Four
  • Entrepont
  • Fosses aux Chênes
  • Hommelet
  • Hutin-Oran-Cartigny

Southern district neighbourhoods

  • Chemin Neuf
  • Edouard Vaillant
  • Hauts-Champs
  • Justice
  • Linné-Boulevards
  • Moulin
  • Nouveau Roubaix
  • Petites-Haies
  • Potennerie

Mayors of the city

Mayor Term start Term end Party[note 2]
Henri Carette May 1892 December 1901 POF
Edouard Roussel December 1901 January 1902 UDR
Eugène Motte January 1902 May 1912 FR
Jean-Baptiste Lebas[note 3] May 1912 March 1915 SFIO
Henri Thérin[note 4] March 1915 October 1918 SFIO
Jean-Baptiste Lebas October 1918 June 1940 SFIO
Fleuris Vanherpe[note 5] June 1940 August 1941
Marcel Guislain August 1941 December 1941
Alphonse Verbeurgt January 1942 May 1942
Charles Bauduin May 1942 July 1942
Victor Provo[note 6] July 1942 March 1977 SFIO then PS
Pierre Prouvost March 1977 March 1983 PS
André Diligent March 1983 May 1994 UDF-CDS
René Vandierendonck May 1994 March 2012 UDF-CDS then DVG and finally PS
Pierre Dubois March 2012 March 2014 PS
Guillaume Delbar April 2014 – UMP then LR and finally DVD

International relations

See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in France

Roubaix is twinned with:[83]

Landmarks

Remarkable buildings, old brick factories and warehouses abound in this once renowned city which was esteemed to be a worldwide textile capital in the early years of the 20th century.[91] Thus, the city inherited one of the most architectural works in the French history and culture of the 19th century Industrial Revolution and was designated Town of Art and History on December 13, 2000.[92] Ever since the Ministry of Culture endowed Roubaix with this label, the city has entered the 21st century by promoting its cultural standing as the inheritance of its industrial and social history.[93]

Several profane or sacral buildings of Roubaix are registered as historic monuments.

Secular buildings registered as "monuments historiques"
  •  

    Barbieux health centre

  •  

    ENSAIT

  •  

    Prouvost private mansion

  •  

    Art nouveau house

  •  

    Three-storey stately house

  •  

    Rémy Cogghe's house

  •  

    Law court

  •  

    Huchon water tower

  •  

    National Archives of the Working World\

  •  

    Concierge of the demolished Palais Vaissier

Religious structures registered as "monuments historiques"
  •  

    Convent of Clarisses

  •  

    Deconsecrated Church Notre-Dame

  •  

    Church Saint-Martin

Sculptures and memorials

The city has been the place where illustrious names of French sculptors put their skills to create memorial monuments since the end of the 19th century until the middle of the 20th century. After a long slack period 2010 introduced a shift in the genre with the unveiling of Wim Delvoye's Discobolos, a statue of modern art conceived as a welcoming sign to a neighbourhood of the city.[94] The sculptures and memorial monuments in Roubaix which deserve notice for their historical or artistical interest are mentioned below.

  • Discobolos: Wim Delvoye (sculptor), Bruno Dupont (mediator), Fondation de France and city of Roubaix (supporters), ordered by the neighbourhood residents with the members of the Hommelet neighbourhood committee[note 7] and inaugurated on June 5, 2010[95]
  • Joan of Arc statue: Maxime Real del Sarte (sculptor), inaugurated on May 27, 1952[96]
  • Memorial to Jean-Baptiste Lebas: Albert de Jaeger (sculptor), funded through public subscription and inaugurated on October 23, 1949[96][97]
  • Memorial to Resistance Martyrs of Roubaix: Albert de Jaeger (sculptor), engraved "Roubaix a ses martyrs de la Résistance" and "Ils ont brisé les chaînes de l'oppression",[note 8] ordered by the City council and inaugurated on November 11, 1948[98]
  • Memorial to Eugène Motte: Raoul Bénard (sculptor), Gustave Poubel (architect), funded through public subscription and inaugurated on September 22, 1935[96]
  • Memorial to Jean-Joseph Weerts: Alexandre Descatoire (sculptor), ordered by the City council and inaugurated on October 29, 1931[99]
  • Memorial to Louis Bossut: Maxime Real del Sarte (sculptor), ordered by the City council and inaugurated on October 4, 1925[96][100]
  • Monuments aux Morts or World War I Memorial of Roubaix: Alexandre Descatoire (sculptor), Jean-Frédéric Wielhorski (architect), engraved "Roubaix à ses enfants morts pour la défense du pays et pour la paix",[note 9] ordered by the City council and inaugurated on October 18, 1925[101]
  • Memorial to Jules Guesde: Georgette Agutte-Sembat (sculptor), Albert Bührer (architect), funded through public subscription and inaugurated on April 12, 1925[102][103]
  • Memorial to Amédée Prouvost: Hippolyte Lefèbvre (sculptor), ordered by the City council and inaugurated on October 29, 1922[96]
  • Memorial to Pierre Destombes: Corneille Theunissen (sculptor), engraved "Hortorum, Musicae, Librorumque, Studiosus",[note 10] ordered by the City council and inaugurated on October 29, 1922[96][104]
  • Memorial to Gustave Nadaud: Alphonse-Amédée Cordonnier (sculptor), Gustave Leblanc-Barbedienne (art founder), inaugurated on October 11, 1896[96][105]

Culture

Museums

Roubaix has been home to two major museums of the region Hauts-de-France since the beginning of the 21st century: La Piscine[note 11] and La Manufacture;[note 12] inheriting both of the local socioeconomic history. La Piscine, also known as the Musée d'Art & d'Industrie André Diligent,[note 13] is one of the most lauded cultural attractions in northern France. This museum is housed in the Art Deco-style former swimming pool of Roubaix, a building remodelled in 2000 to accommodate and exhibit 19th and 20th century collections of the city.[note 14] After being closed for two years of renovation works and extension, it was reopened to the public in October 2018, becoming more successful than ever before.[106] La Manufacture is the reference textile museum in northern France. It is hosted in an old weaving factory.

Painting

The most prestigious names of painters, who made their reputation in Roubaix from the middle of the 19th century to the early 20th century are Jean-Joseph Weerts[99] and Rémy Cogghe.[107]

From the end of the Second World War to the beginning of the 1970s, a casual group of young artists from Roubaix and the surrounding region was formed and given the name Groupe de Roubaix.[108][109][110] Two painters commonly associated with the group are Arthur Van Hecke and Eugène Leroy.[111][112][113]

Fashion

Anxious to restore the prestige of northern France's textile industry and operating under the label of Maisons de Mode, the cities of Lille and Roubaix have created spaces for new fashion designers to thrive since 2007. The Roubaisian location, next to La Piscine museum, is known as Le Vestiaire.[note 15] There are fifteen boutiques and fashion studios housed in an old industrial building.[114]

Theatre and performing arts centres

  • Centre chorégraphique national Roubaix - Hauts-de-France[note 16]
  • Colisée
  • Condition publique
  • Théâtre de l'Oiseau-Mouche "Le Garage"
  • Théâtre Louis Richard
  • Théâtre Pierre de Roubaix

Cinema

The city of Roubaix has a rich heritage in film production and been the filming location (mostly or partly) of the following productions:

Higher education

  • The EDHEC Business School is one of the few Grandes École located outside the Paris Metropolitan Area. It is one of Europe's fastest rising business schools.
  • ENSAIT is a higher education and research institute, gathering all the disciplines related to textiles.
  • ESAAT is a design education institute.
  • Decentralisation of the Universities of Lille II and Lille III[136]

Libraries

  • Médiathèque "La Grand'Plage"
  • National Archives of the World of Work

Sport

Roubaix has an old sporting heritage[137] and is home to the finishing of one of the world's oldest races of professional road cycling at its velodrome: Paris–Roubaix, known as the Hell of the North. While Roubaix is famous for its velodrome, there is more to this city than the cycling sports facilities.

The building of indoor and outdoor sports amenities in the city should be associated with its era of economic rise during the industrial revolution, in addition to the development of local sporting clubs and associations.[138]

In October 2021 Roubaix hosted the 2021 UCI Track Cycling World Championships.

Economy

During the 19th century, Roubaix acquired an international reputation for textile industry and wool production. In the 1970s and 1980s, international competition and automation caused an industrial decline and resulted in the closure of many factories. From that moment on and since the implementation of the French urban policy in the early 1980s, around three-fourths of the town's territory has been regularly assigned specific zoning designations as well as health and welfare plans.[139]

Roubaix's high level of unemployment is a consequence of the desindustrialisation. The town is listed among France's poorest cities.[93][140] Successive local governments have tried to address difficulties associated with deindustrialisation by attracting new industries, making the most of the town's cultural credentials[93] and organising a strong student presence on different campuses. While undergoing conversion efforts, the city is experimenting with new models and able to take advantage of successful economic stories, with online retail and information technology, and seems to be on the way to reverse the decades of decline.[141]

Textile industry

Nowadays, local textile companies are focussing on developing high-tech textile products.

Commerce and services

Mail order companies of international renown such as La Redoute,[142] Damart[143][144] and 3 Suisses,[145][146] stemmed from textile industries which were founded in Roubaix. Showroomprive.com has been locally established since 2016 as an e-commerce company that specialises in online flash sales.

Information technology and e-business

  • OVH was created in Roubaix in 1999 and became a global IT infrastructure company, creating more than thousand jobs in the city and surroundings. Its head office is still in Roubaix.[147]
  • Ankama Games has established its head office in Roubaix since 2007.[148]
  • Blanchemaille, an e-commerce cluster helped by the incubator EuraTechnologies, has been established in the former building of La Redoute in Roubaix since 2014.

Infrastructure

Transportation

 
Roubaix's position in the motorway roads network

A22 autoroute, a French part of the European route E17 from Burgundy to Antwerp, is the only motorway, within a motorway roads network of the highest density in France after Paris, which passes by Roubaix.

The Gare de Roubaix railway station offers connections to Antwerp, Lille, Ostend, Paris and Tourcoing.

The city is also served by the Lille Metro.

Environmental perspectives

Throughout the 1970s and 1980s desindustrialisation dramatically influenced major urban landscapes across the arrondissement of Lille.[149] Large areas of brownfield land came to mark the city of Roubaix. With the support of the local and national government programs, these areas are acquired and gradually restored or rebuilt.

Roubaix has one of the most efficient biomass district heating plant in France[150] and is therefore among the most advanced cities for sustainability in Hauts-de-France. Since 2014, the city has been engaged in several related initiatives aimed at moving to a circular economy and a zero waste future.[151]

Notable people

Artists

Athletes

Politicians and professionals

Scientists

Writers

See also

Notes and references

Notes

  1. ^ The Jewish population of Roubaix dropped from 160 members[67] in the beginning of its settlement to 68 in 1942.[68]
  2. ^ Under French State's dictatorship from 1940 to 1944, mayors of communes over 2,000 inhabitants were not elected democratically. The mayor was nominated by the government of Marshal Philippe Pétain in communes of over 10,000 inhabitants and the prefet in communes less than 10,000 inhabitants and more than 2,000. The mayor in communes less than 2,000 inhabitants was elected by the city council. Mayors of communes of the Zone interdite were nominated by prefects in agreement with the German authorities. Therefore, mayors are not affiliated to a political party for this period of time.[77][78]
  3. ^ Jean-Baptiste Lebas's mandate was interrupted when he was arrested on March 7, 1915 by German authorities to be imprisoned in the fortress of Rastatt.
  4. ^ Henri Thérin, the first deputy mayor, stood in for Jean-Baptiste Lebas during his imprisonment time.
  5. ^ Fleuris Vanherpe, the eldest deputy mayor of the city council, supplanted Jean-Baptiste Lebas after his forfeiture in June 1940, and was entrusted functions of mayor on December 18, 1940.[79] His death, on August 17, 1941, put an early end to his mandate.
  6. ^ Victor Provo accepted the mandate in 1942.[80] He was maintained by resistance committees in 1944 then elected in April 1945.[81][82]
  7. ^ A local association (as per the 1901 law about association) called "Comité de quartier de l'Hommelet"
  8. ^ "Roubaix has its martyrs of the Resistance" and "They broke the chains of oppression"
  9. ^ "Roubaix to his children died in defense of the country and for peace"
  10. ^ "Friend of the gardens, music and books"
  11. ^ "The Swimming Pool"
  12. ^ "The Manufactory"
  13. ^ "André Diligent Museum of Art and Industry"
  14. ^ The collections held at the museum include sculptures by Alberto Giacometti, Auguste Rodin, Camille Claudel and Pablo Picasso
  15. ^ The Cloakroom
  16. ^ National choreographic centre Roubaix - Hauts-de-France

References

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  3. ^ Pooley, Timothy (December 30, 1996). Chtimi: The Urban Vernaculars of Northern France. Applications in French Linguistics Series. Clevedon, UK: Multilingual Matters Ltd. pp. 15–44. ISBN 978-1-853-59345-1. Retrieved July 1, 2015.
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  6. ^ Strikwerda, Carl (1984). Sweets, John F. (ed.). "Regionalism and Internationalism: The Working-Class Movement in the Nord and the Belgian Connection, 1871–1914". Proceedings of the ... Annual Meeting of the Western Society for French History. 1983/1984. Lawrence (Kansas), USA: The University of Kansas: 222. hdl:2027/mdp.39015012965524. ISSN 0099-0329. Contemporaries never tired of calling Roubaix an "American city," because of its raw, fast-growing character, or of referring to Roubaix and its sister cities of Lille and Tourcoing as the "French Manchester."
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  37. ^ Schuermans, Lodewijk Willem (1865). Algemeen Vlaamsch idioticon, Met Tijd en Vlijt [General Flemish idioticon, with time and assiduity] (in Dutch). Leuven, B: Gebroeders Vanlinthout. p. 268. Retrieved June 22, 2015.
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Bibliography

See also: Bibliography of the history of Roubaix

External links

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Roubaix.
 
Look up Roubaix in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
  • Tourist office website (in French, English, and Dutch)
  • Website of the museum of art and industry (in French)
  • LeBlog2Roubaix.Com (videoblog and WebTv about Roubaix) (in French)
  • Roubaix at Curlie (in French)

May 15, 2023
roubaix, french, ʁubɛ, ʁube, dutch, robaais, west, flemish, roboais, city, northern, france, located, lille, metropolitan, area, belgian, border, historically, mono, industrial, commune, nord, department, which, grew, rapidly, 19th, century, from, textile, ind. Roubaix French ʁubɛ or ʁube Dutch Robaais West Flemish Roboais is a city in northern France located in the Lille metropolitan area on the Belgian border It is a historically mono industrial commune 3 in the Nord department 4 which grew rapidly in the 19th century from its textile industries with most of the same characteristic features as those of English and American boom towns 5 6 This former new town has faced many challenges linked to deindustrialisation such as urban decay 7 with their related economic and social implications since its major industries fell into decline by the middle of the 1970s Located to the northeast of Lille adjacent to Tourcoing Roubaix is the chef lieu of two cantons and the third largest city in the French region of Hauts de France ranked by population with nearly 99 000 inhabitants 8 Roubaix RobaaisCommuneThe city hallCoat of armsMotto Probitas et IndustriaLocation of RoubaixRoubaixShow map of FranceRoubaixShow map of Hauts de FranceCoordinates 50 41 24 N 3 10 54 E 50 6901 N 3 18167 E 50 6901 3 18167 Coordinates 50 41 24 N 3 10 54 E 50 6901 N 3 18167 E 50 6901 3 18167CountryFranceRegionHauts de FranceDepartmentNordArrondissementLilleCantonRoubaix 1 and Roubaix 2IntercommunalityMetropole Europeenne de LilleGovernment Mayor 2020 2026 Guillaume Delbar 1 Area113 23 km2 5 11 sq mi Population Jan 2020 2 98 066 Density7 400 km2 19 000 sq mi Demonym s Roubaisian en Roubaisien ne fr Time zoneUTC 01 00 CET Summer DST UTC 02 00 CEST INSEE Postal code59512 59100Elevation17 52 m 56 171 ft avg 35 m or 115 ft Websitewww ville roubaix fr in French 1 French Land Register data which excludes lakes ponds glaciers gt 1 km2 0 386 sq mi or 247 acres and river estuaries Together with the nearby cities of Lille Tourcoing Villeneuve d Ascq and eighty six other communes 9 Roubaix gives structure to a four centred metropolitan area inhabited by more than 1 1 million people the European Metropolis of Lille 10 11 12 To a greater extent Roubaix is in the center of a vast conurbation formed with the Belgian cities of Mouscron Kortrijk and Tournai which gave birth to the first European Grouping of Territorial Cooperation in January 2008 Lille Kortrijk Tournai with an aggregate population of over 2 million inhabitants 13 Contents 1 Geography 1 1 Location 1 2 Geology 1 3 Hydrology 1 4 Climate 2 Toponymy 3 History 4 Heraldry 5 People 5 1 Demographics 5 2 Languages 5 3 Religion 5 3 1 Christianity 5 3 2 Judaism 5 3 3 Islam 5 3 4 Buddhism 6 Urbanism 6 1 Urban geography 7 Administrative and political affairs 7 1 Constituencies and cantons 7 2 Administrative zoning 7 2 1 Eastern district neighbourhoods 7 2 2 Western district neighbourhoods 7 2 3 Central district neighbourhoods 7 2 4 Northern district neighbourhoods 7 2 5 Southern district neighbourhoods 7 3 Mayors of the city 7 4 International relations 8 Landmarks 8 1 Sculptures and memorials 9 Culture 9 1 Museums 9 2 Painting 9 3 Fashion 9 4 Theatre and performing arts centres 9 5 Cinema 10 Higher education 10 1 Libraries 11 Sport 12 Economy 12 1 Textile industry 12 2 Commerce and services 12 3 Information technology and e business 13 Infrastructure 13 1 Transportation 13 2 Environmental perspectives 14 Notable people 14 1 Artists 14 2 Athletes 14 3 Politicians and professionals 14 4 Scientists 14 5 Writers 15 See also 16 Notes and references 16 1 Notes 16 2 References 17 Bibliography 18 External linksGeography EditLocation Edit Roubaix occupies a central position on the north east slope of the Metropole Europeenne de Lille it is set on the eastern side of Lille and the southern side of Tourcoing close to the Belgian border As regards towns boundaries Roubaix is encompassed by seven cities which constitute its immediate neighbouring environment These municipalities are namely Tourcoing to the north and the northwest Wattrelos to the northeast Leers to the east Lys lez Lannoy to the southeast Hem to the south and Croix to the southwest and the west Roubaix alongside those municipalities and twenty one other communes belongs to the land of Ferrain a little district of the former Castellany of Lille between the Lys and Scheldt rivers 14 As the crow flies the distance between Roubaix and the following cities is some odd 16 kilometres 9 9 mi to Tournai 18 kilometres 11 mi to Kortrijk 84 kilometres 52 mi to Brussels and 213 kilometres 132 mi to Paris 15 Geology Edit The land upon which Roubaix stands belongs to the plain of Flanders The Roubaisian area stretches on an east west oriented shallow syncline axis which trends south southeast to the Paleozoic limestone 16 of the Melantois Tournaisis faulted anticline 17 It consists predominantly of Holocene alluvial sediment depositions It is flat and low with an elevation drop of only 35 m 114 ft 10 in over its 13 23 square kilometres 5 11 sq mi The lowest altitude of this area stands at 17 m 55 ft 9 1 2 in while its highest altitude is 52 m 170 ft 7 in meters above the sea level 18 Hydrology Edit The Trichon stream fed by waters of the Espierre stream used to flow through the rural landscape of Roubaix before the industrialisation process began to alter this area in the middle of the 19th century 19 From that century on the ensuing industries with their increasing needs for reliable supplies of goods and water led to the building of an inland waterway connected upstream from the Deule and downstream to the Marque and Espierre toward the Scheldt which linked directly Roubaix to Lille 20 21 Opened in 1877 22 the Canal de Roubaix crosses the town from its northern neighbourhoods to its eastern neighbourhoods and partially flows along the city s boundaries The Canal de Roubaix closed in 1985 after more than a century in use 23 Thank to the European funded project Blue Links the waterway has been reopened to boating traffic since 2011 24 Climate Edit The area of the city is not known for undergoing unusual weather events In regard to the town s geographical location 25 and the results of the Meteo France s weather station of Lille Lesquin 26 27 Roubaix is a temperate oceanic climate while summer experiences mild temperatures winter s temperatures may fall to below zero Precipitation is infrequently intense Climate data for Roubaix 1981 2010 normals extremes 1965 present Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec YearRecord high C F 15 5 59 9 19 2 66 6 25 5 77 9 28 5 83 3 33 0 91 4 35 0 95 0 42 1 107 8 37 5 99 5 35 5 95 9 28 0 82 4 20 1 68 2 15 5 59 9 42 1 107 8 Average high C F 6 7 44 1 7 5 45 5 11 1 52 0 14 7 58 5 18 7 65 7 21 3 70 3 23 8 74 8 23 9 75 0 20 2 68 4 15 6 60 1 10 5 50 9 7 2 45 0 15 1 59 2 Daily mean C F 4 1 39 4 4 5 40 1 7 4 45 3 10 1 50 2 13 9 57 0 16 6 61 9 18 9 66 0 18 9 66 0 15 7 60 3 11 9 53 4 7 7 45 9 4 8 40 6 11 2 52 2 Average low C F 1 6 34 9 1 5 34 7 3 7 38 7 5 5 41 9 9 2 48 6 11 9 53 4 14 0 57 2 13 9 57 0 11 2 52 2 8 2 46 8 4 8 40 6 2 4 36 3 7 4 45 3 Record low C F 14 5 5 9 12 5 9 5 7 5 18 5 2 5 27 5 1 0 30 2 3 0 37 4 5 0 41 0 5 0 41 0 3 0 37 4 3 5 25 7 7 0 19 4 10 5 13 1 14 5 5 9 Average precipitation mm inches 69 8 2 75 54 6 2 15 63 9 2 52 53 3 2 10 67 8 2 67 71 6 2 82 74 2 2 92 70 0 2 76 68 0 2 68 77 1 3 04 81 5 3 21 81 4 3 20 833 2 32 80 Average precipitation days 1 0 mm 13 0 10 8 12 3 10 6 11 3 9 8 10 3 8 9 10 8 12 0 13 3 13 1 136 2Source Meteo France 28 Toponymy EditThe current city s name is most likely derived from Frankish rausa reed and baki brook 29 30 31 Therefore the meaning of Roubaix can in all likelihood find its origin on the banks of its three historical brooks Espierre Trichon and Favreuil 32 The place was mentioned for the first time in a Latinised form in the 9th century Villa Rusbaci 30 31 33 Thereafter the following names were in use 1047 and 1106 Rubais 1122 Rosbays 1166 Rusbais 1156 and 1202 Robais 1223 Roubais 30 34 Over the span of centuries the name evolved to Roubaix as shown on Mercator s map of Flanders published at Leuven in 1540 35 Parallel to the official and usual name Roubaix some translations are worth a mention Firstly though the city has never belonged to the Flemish speaking area 36 the seldom heard renderings Robeke 37 38 and Roodebeeke 39 are documented for Roubaix 40 Furthermore the Dutch Language Union established Robaais as the city s proper Dutch name 41 Lastly one can cite Rosbacum as the definite Latin transcription of Roubaix which has been in use since the 19th century as recorded on dedication statements sealed in the first stones of the foundations of the City Hall laid in 1840 and the Church of Notre Dame laid in 1842 42 History EditSee also Timeline of Roubaix This section is empty You can help by adding to it July 2015 View of the city dated 1699 Landscape with the castle surrounded by a moat next to the Sainte Elisabeth hospital at left the mill at right and the Saint Martin church regarded as the city s centre point at centre Heraldry Edit The arms of Roubaix are blazoned Party per pale ermine a chief gules and azure thereon between two bobbins argent a five pointed star or in chief a wool cards at its centre and a shuttle fesswise in base or all within a bordure indented of the same People EditInhabitants of Roubaix are known in English as Roubaisians and in French as Roubaisiens pronounced ʁu bɛ zjɛ or in the feminine form Roubaisiennes pronounced ʁu bɛ zjɛn also natively called Roubaignots pronounced ʁu bɛ njo or in the feminine form Roubaignotes pronounced ʁu bɛ njoz 43 44 45 Demographics Edit See also Demographics of France Historical populationYearPop p a 17164 715 17647 363 0 93 17898 559 0 60 17939 120 1 60 18008 091 1 70 18018 151 0 74 18058 703 1 65 18068 724 0 24 18178 724 0 00 182112 170 8 68 183013 132 0 85 183118 187 38 49 183619 455 1 36 184124 802 4 98 184224 892 0 36 184631 039 5 67 185134 698 2 25 185639 445 2 60 186149 274 4 55 186665 091 5 73 187275 987 2 61 187683 661 2 43 YearPop p a 188191 757 1 86 1886100 299 1 80 1891114 917 2 76 1896124 661 1 64 1901124 365 0 05 1906121 017 0 54 1911122 723 0 28 1921113 265 0 80 1926117 209 0 69 1931117 190 0 00 1936107 105 1 78 1946100 978 0 59 1954110 067 1 08 1962112 856 0 31 1968114 547 0 25 1975109 553 0 63 1982101 602 1 07 199097 746 0 48 199996 984 0 09 200797 423 0 06 201294 536 0 60 201796 990 0 51 Graphs are temporarily unavailable due to technical issues From 1962 to 1999 population without double countingSource L E Marissal for 1716 1789 1801 1805 1817 1830 and 1842 46 Comte du Muy for 1764 47 Ldh EHESS Cassini until 2006 18 and INSEE from 2007 48 The evolution of the number of inhabitants is known through the population censuses carried out in the town since 1793 and the research study of Louis Edmond Marissal Clerk of the Peace of the city published in 1844 46 Roubaix evolved into a provincial market town until the end of the Early modern period with a census population of 4 715 inhabitants in 1716 46 By the late 18th century the city began to emerge as regional textile manufacturing centre and its population increased reaching a level of 8 091 in 1800 As a result of the industrialisation process of the 19th century the need of workers was supplied by rural flight as well as immigration Belgian settlement was a feature of the Roubaisian life at that time 49 50 During the first half period of the 19th century Roubaix ranked the first French town in terms of population growth rate with a five times increase 51 whereas in the remaining period of this century its population doubled Within this last time framework Belgian immigration appeared to be one of the major factor to explain the significantly high population growth with 30 465 Belgian inhabitants counted in 1866 and 42 103 in 1872 52 Nonetheless the rate of natural increase shew to be a more important component of the population growth in that period 53 At the 20th century threshold the Roubaisian population reached a peak of 124 661 from which it progressively declined over the successive decades Occupied by German troops from October 1914 to October 1918 Roubaix belonged to the combat zone of the Western Front during the First World War 54 Over this occupation period Roubaisians suffered from dearth deportation for compulsory labour and unusual casualties 55 with a rather slight population drop from 122 723 to 113 265 between the 1911 and 1921 censuses 56 The population of the city was 98 828 as of January 2019 8 This enables Roubaix to remain the third largest municipality in the region Hauts de France after Lille and Amiens Languages Edit Although the region of Roubaix was subjected many times to the domination of Flanders rulers throughout its history Roubaisians have used a local Picard variant as the language of everyday life for centuries This spoken vernacular is locally known as Roubaignot 57 58 Until the early 20th century this patois prevailed 59 Therefore French language progressive penetration into local culture should not only be analysed as a result of the industrialisation and urbanisation of the area but should also be considered in terms of public education policies 44 60 Religion Edit Christianity Edit The city of Roubaix is divided into six Catholic parishes and belongs to the deanery of the same name in the archdiocese of Lille Judaism Edit In the aftermath of the Franco Prussian War and the German annexation of Alsace Lorraine many Jews left their homes and emigrated 61 62 Jewish arrival in Roubaix derives from that bitter period of history 63 64 At the time the new immigrant community even though its small size dedicated a building to Jewish faith and liturgical practises 64 65 66 The newly opened synagogue located in a house at number 51 on the narrow rue des Champs 64 66 operated more than 60 years until 1939 when it was closed under imprecise local circumstances as the Nazi regime took over in Europe 66 67 Despite the closure of the synagogue the occupation and police raids note 1 69 the local practise of Judaism saw a humble revival after the war which lasted until the start of the 1990s when the modest Jewry of Roubaix handed over its Sefer Torah to the care of the Jewish community of Lille 67 Roubaix has no longer been home to a Jewish place of worship since that event 70 The house inside which the first one was created 123 years ago has been demolished since an urban renewal project occurred in 2000 64 On September 10 2015 the mayor unveiled a commemorative plaque on the rue des Champs as a tribute to the Roubaisian Jewry in memory of the religious purpose of this previous building 67 Islam Edit As of August 2013 there were six mosques in the town including one under construction According to estimates by the mayor s office around 20 000 people or about 20 percent of the population were Muslims 71 Four areas of the cemetery were designated for Muslims 72 Buddhism Edit During the second half of the 20th century the city took in Buddhist communities from originally Buddhist countries in the Southeast Asian peninsula including Cambodia Laos Thailand and Vietnam 73 Within this background Roubaix has brought together two Buddhist traditions on its territory hence cultural variations across communities Mahayana and Theravada with respectively one and four places of worship 74 Urbanism EditUrban geography Edit During the Middle Age the city grew in a northward facing semicircle around its primitive core beyond the area spread out between the church Saint Martin and the former fortified castle The existence of this south boundary remained until the 18th century and marked an urban expansion which mainly occurred on the western and northern sides of the town 75 Increasing industrialisation land transport improvement continued population growth and the resulting need for suitable low cost lands for housing and manufacturing plants all of which finally led to expand the city southward from the centre in the 19th century 76 Administrative and political affairs EditConstituencies and cantons Edit Roubaix grouped four cantons from 1988 to 2012 Since then this number has fallen to two with Roubaix 1 and Roubaix 2 After the last redistricting of French legislative constituencies in 2010 the city is now divided into two constituencies Nord s 7th constituency which include the former canton of Roubaix Ouest and Nord s 8th constituency formed by the following former cantons Roubaix Centre Roubaix Nord and Roubaix Est Administrative zoning Edit Eastern district neighbourhoods Edit Fraternite Pile Sainte Elisabeth Sartel Carihem Trois PontsWestern district neighbourhoods Edit Epeule Fresnoy Mackellerie TrichonCentral district neighbourhoods Edit Anseelme Motte Bossut Barbieux Centre ville Crouy Esperance Nations Unies VaubanNorthern district neighbourhoods Edit Alma Gare Armentieres Cul de Four Entrepont Fosses aux Chenes Hommelet Hutin Oran CartignySouthern district neighbourhoods Edit Chemin Neuf Edouard Vaillant Hauts Champs Justice Linne Boulevards Moulin Nouveau Roubaix Petites Haies PotennerieMayors of the city Edit Mayor Term start Term end Party note 2 Henri Carette May 1892 December 1901 POFEdouard Roussel December 1901 January 1902 UDREugene Motte January 1902 May 1912 FRJean Baptiste Lebas note 3 May 1912 March 1915 SFIOHenri Therin note 4 March 1915 October 1918 SFIOJean Baptiste Lebas October 1918 June 1940 SFIOFleuris Vanherpe note 5 June 1940 August 1941Marcel Guislain August 1941 December 1941Alphonse Verbeurgt January 1942 May 1942Charles Bauduin May 1942 July 1942Victor Provo note 6 July 1942 March 1977 SFIO then PSPierre Prouvost March 1977 March 1983 PSAndre Diligent March 1983 May 1994 UDF CDSRene Vandierendonck May 1994 March 2012 UDF CDS then DVG and finally PSPierre Dubois March 2012 March 2014 PSGuillaume Delbar April 2014 UMP then LR and finally DVDInternational relations Edit See also List of twin towns and sister cities in France Roubaix is twinned with 83 Bradford United Kingdom since 1969 83 84 Monchengladbach Germany since 1969 85 86 Verviers Belgium since 1969 85 86 Skopje North Macedonia since 1973 87 Prato Italy since 1981 88 Sosnowiec Poland since 1993 89 Covilha Portugal since 2000 90 Bouira Algeria since 2003 83 Landmarks EditRemarkable buildings old brick factories and warehouses abound in this once renowned city which was esteemed to be a worldwide textile capital in the early years of the 20th century 91 Thus the city inherited one of the most architectural works in the French history and culture of the 19th century Industrial Revolution and was designated Town of Art and History on December 13 2000 92 Ever since the Ministry of Culture endowed Roubaix with this label the city has entered the 21st century by promoting its cultural standing as the inheritance of its industrial and social history 93 Several profane or sacral buildings of Roubaix are registered as historic monuments Secular buildings registered as monuments historiques Barbieux health centre ENSAIT Prouvost private mansion Art nouveau house Three storey stately house Remy Cogghe s house Law court Huchon water tower National Archives of the Working World Concierge of the demolished Palais VaissierReligious structures registered as monuments historiques Convent of Clarisses Deconsecrated Church Notre Dame Church Saint MartinSculptures and memorials Edit The city has been the place where illustrious names of French sculptors put their skills to create memorial monuments since the end of the 19th century until the middle of the 20th century After a long slack period 2010 introduced a shift in the genre with the unveiling of Wim Delvoye s Discobolos a statue of modern art conceived as a welcoming sign to a neighbourhood of the city 94 The sculptures and memorial monuments in Roubaix which deserve notice for their historical or artistical interest are mentioned below Discobolos Wim Delvoye sculptor Bruno Dupont mediator Fondation de France and city of Roubaix supporters ordered by the neighbourhood residents with the members of the Hommelet neighbourhood committee note 7 and inaugurated on June 5 2010 95 Joan of Arc statue Maxime Real del Sarte sculptor inaugurated on May 27 1952 96 Memorial to Jean Baptiste Lebas Albert de Jaeger sculptor funded through public subscription and inaugurated on October 23 1949 96 97 Memorial to Resistance Martyrs of Roubaix Albert de Jaeger sculptor engraved Roubaix a ses martyrs de la Resistance and Ils ont brise les chaines de l oppression note 8 ordered by the City council and inaugurated on November 11 1948 98 Memorial to Eugene Motte Raoul Benard sculptor Gustave Poubel architect funded through public subscription and inaugurated on September 22 1935 96 Memorial to Jean Joseph Weerts Alexandre Descatoire sculptor ordered by the City council and inaugurated on October 29 1931 99 Memorial to Louis Bossut Maxime Real del Sarte sculptor ordered by the City council and inaugurated on October 4 1925 96 100 Monuments aux Morts or World War I Memorial of Roubaix Alexandre Descatoire sculptor Jean Frederic Wielhorski architect engraved Roubaix a ses enfants morts pour la defense du pays et pour la paix note 9 ordered by the City council and inaugurated on October 18 1925 101 Memorial to Jules Guesde Georgette Agutte Sembat sculptor Albert Buhrer architect funded through public subscription and inaugurated on April 12 1925 102 103 Memorial to Amedee Prouvost Hippolyte Lefebvre sculptor ordered by the City council and inaugurated on October 29 1922 96 Memorial to Pierre Destombes Corneille Theunissen sculptor engraved Hortorum Musicae Librorumque Studiosus note 10 ordered by the City council and inaugurated on October 29 1922 96 104 Memorial to Gustave Nadaud Alphonse Amedee Cordonnier sculptor Gustave Leblanc Barbedienne art founder inaugurated on October 11 1896 96 105 Culture EditMuseums Edit Roubaix has been home to two major museums of the region Hauts de France since the beginning of the 21st century La Piscine note 11 and La Manufacture note 12 inheriting both of the local socioeconomic history La Piscine also known as the Musee d Art amp d Industrie Andre Diligent note 13 is one of the most lauded cultural attractions in northern France This museum is housed in the Art Deco style former swimming pool of Roubaix a building remodelled in 2000 to accommodate and exhibit 19th and 20th century collections of the city note 14 After being closed for two years of renovation works and extension it was reopened to the public in October 2018 becoming more successful than ever before 106 La Manufacture is the reference textile museum in northern France It is hosted in an old weaving factory Painting Edit The most prestigious names of painters who made their reputation in Roubaix from the middle of the 19th century to the early 20th century are Jean Joseph Weerts 99 and Remy Cogghe 107 From the end of the Second World War to the beginning of the 1970s a casual group of young artists from Roubaix and the surrounding region was formed and given the name Groupe de Roubaix 108 109 110 Two painters commonly associated with the group are Arthur Van Hecke and Eugene Leroy 111 112 113 Fashion Edit Anxious to restore the prestige of northern France s textile industry and operating under the label of Maisons de Mode the cities of Lille and Roubaix have created spaces for new fashion designers to thrive since 2007 The Roubaisian location next to La Piscine museum is known as Le Vestiaire note 15 There are fifteen boutiques and fashion studios housed in an old industrial building 114 Theatre and performing arts centres Edit This section is in list format but may read better as prose You can help by converting this section if appropriate Editing help is available July 2015 Centre choregraphique national Roubaix Hauts de France note 16 Colisee Condition publique Theatre de l Oiseau Mouche Le Garage Theatre Louis Richard Theatre Pierre de RoubaixCinema Edit The city of Roubaix has a rich heritage in film production and been the filming location mostly or partly of the following productions I Am a Soldier French Je suis un soldat directed by Laurent Lariviere in 2015 115 My Golden Days French Trois souvenirs de ma jeunesse directed by Arnaud Desplechin in 2015 116 117 Discount directed by Louis Julien Petit in 2014 118 Queens of the Ring French Les Reines du ring directed by Jean Marc Rudnicki in 2013 119 120 Blue Is the Warmest Colour French La Vie d Adele Chapitres 1 amp 2 directed by Abdellatif Kechiche in 2013 121 122 A Christmas Tale French Un conte de Noel directed by Arnaud Desplechin in 2008 123 The Banishment Russian Izgnanie Izgnanie directed by Andrey Zvyagintsev in 2007 124 125 In His Hands French Entre ses mains directed by Anne Fontaine in 2005 123 The Axe French Le couperet directed by Costa Gavras in 2005 126 127 Save Me French Sauve Moi directed by Christian Vincent in 2000 128 Flat Land Cities French Les Cites de la plaine directed by Robert Kramer in 1999 129 130 The Dreamlife of Angels French La Vie revee des anges directed by Erick Zonca in 1998 131 132 Enigma directed by Jeannot Szwarc in 1982 117 Life Is a Long Quiet River French La vie est un long fleuve tranquille directed by Etienne Chatiliez in 1988 117 123 Hurricane Rosy Italian Temporale Rosy French Rosy la bourrasque directed by Mario Monicelli in 1979 133 Swimming Instructor French Le Maitre nageur directed by Jean Louis Trintignant in 1979 134 Body of My Enemy French Le Corps de mon ennemi directed by Henri Verneuil in 1976 117 123 A Sunday in Hell Danish En Forarsdag i Helvede Danish documentary directed by Jorgen Leth in 1976 The Confession French L Aveu directed by Costa Gavras in 1970 117 123 Struggle in Italy Italian Lotte in Italia directed by the Dziga Vertov Group in 1970 135 Higher education EditThe EDHEC Business School is one of the few Grandes Ecole located outside the Paris Metropolitan Area It is one of Europe s fastest rising business schools ENSAIT is a higher education and research institute gathering all the disciplines related to textiles ESAAT is a design education institute Decentralisation of the Universities of Lille II and Lille III 136 Libraries Edit Mediatheque La Grand Plage National Archives of the World of WorkSport EditRoubaix has an old sporting heritage 137 and is home to the finishing of one of the world s oldest races of professional road cycling at its velodrome Paris Roubaix known as the Hell of the North While Roubaix is famous for its velodrome there is more to this city than the cycling sports facilities The building of indoor and outdoor sports amenities in the city should be associated with its era of economic rise during the industrial revolution in addition to the development of local sporting clubs and associations 138 In October 2021 Roubaix hosted the 2021 UCI Track Cycling World Championships Economy EditDuring the 19th century Roubaix acquired an international reputation for textile industry and wool production In the 1970s and 1980s international competition and automation caused an industrial decline and resulted in the closure of many factories From that moment on and since the implementation of the French urban policy in the early 1980s around three fourths of the town s territory has been regularly assigned specific zoning designations as well as health and welfare plans 139 Roubaix s high level of unemployment is a consequence of the desindustrialisation The town is listed among France s poorest cities 93 140 Successive local governments have tried to address difficulties associated with deindustrialisation by attracting new industries making the most of the town s cultural credentials 93 and organising a strong student presence on different campuses While undergoing conversion efforts the city is experimenting with new models and able to take advantage of successful economic stories with online retail and information technology and seems to be on the way to reverse the decades of decline 141 Textile industry Edit Nowadays local textile companies are focussing on developing high tech textile products Commerce and services Edit Mail order companies of international renown such as La Redoute 142 Damart 143 144 and 3 Suisses 145 146 stemmed from textile industries which were founded in Roubaix Showroomprive com has been locally established since 2016 as an e commerce company that specialises in online flash sales Information technology and e business Edit OVH was created in Roubaix in 1999 and became a global IT infrastructure company creating more than thousand jobs in the city and surroundings Its head office is still in Roubaix 147 Ankama Games has established its head office in Roubaix since 2007 148 Blanchemaille an e commerce cluster helped by the incubator EuraTechnologies has been established in the former building of La Redoute in Roubaix since 2014 Infrastructure EditTransportation Edit Roubaix s position in the motorway roads network A22 autoroute a French part of the European route E17 from Burgundy to Antwerp is the only motorway within a motorway roads network of the highest density in France after Paris which passes by Roubaix The Gare de Roubaix railway station offers connections to Antwerp Lille Ostend Paris and Tourcoing The city is also served by the Lille Metro Environmental perspectives Edit Throughout the 1970s and 1980s desindustrialisation dramatically influenced major urban landscapes across the arrondissement of Lille 149 Large areas of brownfield land came to mark the city of Roubaix With the support of the local and national government programs these areas are acquired and gradually restored or rebuilt Roubaix has one of the most efficient biomass district heating plant in France 150 and is therefore among the most advanced cities for sustainability in Hauts de France Since 2014 the city has been engaged in several related initiatives aimed at moving to a circular economy and a zero waste future 151 Notable people EditArtists Edit Wanani Gradi Mariadi 1990 rapper known as Gradur Kaddour Hadadi 1976 singer and author known as HK Philippe Dhondt 1965 singer songwriter and composer known as Boris Arnaud Desplechin 1960 film director Edouard Devernay 1889 1952 organist composer Wladyslaw Znorko 1958 2013 theatre author and director Philippe Barraque 1954 musicologist music therapist composer and singer Etienne Chatiliez 1952 film director Roger Delmotte 1925 classical trumpeter Philippe Lefebvre 1949 musician principal organist of Notre Dame Cathedral of Paris Chantal Ladesou 1948 actress and comedian Agnes Guillemot 1931 2005 film editor Pierre Jansen 1930 2015 film music composer Jenny Cleve 1930 2023 actress Elisabeth Yvonne Scatcherd 1928 film actress known as Yvonne Furneaux Charles Gadenne 1925 2012 sculptor Georges Delerue 1925 1992 composer who worked on over 350 scores for cinema and television Arthur Van Hecke 1924 2003 painter Gabrielle Vervaecke 1921 2005 composer and singer known as Gaby Verlor Viviane Romance 1912 1991 actress Albert de Jaeger 1908 1992 sculptor printmaker medallist and smelter Charles Bodart Timal 1897 1971 songwriter and chansonnier Jules Gressier 1897 1960 conductor Francis Bousquet 1890 1942 Marseille born composer Leon Mathot 1886 1968 film actor and director Silas Broux 1867 1957 painter Jean Joseph Weerts 1846 1927 painter Remy Cogghe 1846 1927 Belgian born painter who resided in Roubaix Gustave Nadaud 1820 1893 songwriter and chansonnierAthletes Edit Wassim Aouachria 2000 football player Ahmed Touba 1998 football player Moussa Niakhate 1996 football player Christoffer Mafoumbi 1994 goalkeeper Saoussen Boudiaf 1993 sabre fencer Anthony Knockaert 1991 football player Aliou Dia 1990 football player Antoine Roussel 1989 ice hockey player Pierrick Gunther 1989 rugby union player Idir Ouali 1988 football player Martial Mbandjock 1985 sprinter Seid Khiter 1985 football player Daouda Sow 1983 boxer Yero Dia 1982 football player Icham Mouissi 1982 Algerian football player David Coulibaly 1978 football player Arnaud Tournant 1978 track cyclist Christophe Landrin 1977 football midfielder Jacques Olivier Paviot 1976 football player Fatiha Ouali 1974 race walker Michel Breistroff 1971 1996 ice hockey player Pierre Dreossi 1959 former football player coach and football manager Alain Bondue 1959 racing cyclist Jean Christian Lang 1950 football manager and former player Jacques Carette 1947 athlete Rene Libeer 1934 2006 boxer Jacques Pollet 1922 1997 racing driver Jacques Leenaert 1921 2004 football player Prudent Joye 1913 1980 track and field athlete Georges Beaucourt 1912 2002 football player Raymond Dubly 1893 1988 football player Jean Alavoine 1888 1943 cyclist Charles Crupelandt 1886 1955 Wattrelos born professional road bicycle racer Arthur Balbaert 1879 1938 Belgian sports shooterPoliticians and professionals Edit Karima Delli 1979 politician Member of the European Parliament Florence Morlighem 1970 politician Member of Parliament Olivier Henno 1962 politician mayor of Saint Andre lez Lille and general councillor Jean Robert de Cavel 1961 2022 French American chef de cuisine Benoit Duquesne 1957 2014 journalist television reporter and newscaster Pierre Pribetich 1956 politician former Member of the European Parliament Marie Christine Blandin 1952 politician member of the Senate of France representing the Nord department Jean Luc Brunin 1951 clergyman bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Le Havre Alex Turk 1950 politician member of the Senate of France representing the Nord department Bernard Arnault 1949 business magnate investor and art collector Bruno Masure 1947 journalist news anchor and television presenter Auguste Mimerel 1786 1871 industrialist and politician Gerard Mulliez 1931 businessman founder of the Auchan chain of department stores Robert Diligent 1924 2014 journalist founding members of Tele Luxembourg Francis Pollet 1964 general officer Andre Diligent 1919 2002 lawyer and politician World War II resistance activist deputy to the National Assembly senator mayor of Roubaix Marcel Verfaillie 1911 1945 communist militant World War II resistance activist against Nazism died in concentration camp Pierre Herman 1910 1990 politician deputy to the National Assembly Pierre Pflimlin 1907 2000 lawyer and politician last Prime Minister of the Fourth Republic Raymond Schmittlein 1904 1974 toponymist and politician deputy to the National Assembly Jean Baptiste Lebas 1898 1944 politician mayor of Roubaix deputy to the National Assembly World War I and II resistance activist died in deportation custody Antoine Cordonnier 1892 1918 military aviator flying ace during World War I Jules Dumont 1888 1943 communist militant commanded the Commune de Paris Battalion a unit part of the XI International Brigade Jean Prouvost 1885 1978 businessman media owner and politician Charles Vanden Bosch 1883 1945 Belgian Roman Catholic Franciscan priest founder of the Belgian National work for the Blind died in concentration camp Louis Loucheur 1872 1931 writer and politician deputy to the National Assembly Ferdinand Bonnel 1865 1945 Jesuit priest and missionary in Sri Lanka Theodore Vienne 1864 1921 textile manufacturer and co founder of Paris Roubaix cycle race Eugene Motte 1860 1932 politician and businessman mayor of Roubaix deputy to the National Assembly Pierre Wibaux 1858 1913 cattle rancher banker and gold mine owner emigrated from France to the United States Jules Guesde 1845 1922 Paris born socialist journalist and politician deputy of the constituency of Roubaix to the National Assembly Jean Desbouvrie c 1840 1847 inventor and bird tamer Gerard Vachonfrance 1933 2008 physician and society co founder Marie Leonie Vanhoutte 1888 1967 French resistance fighter and secret agent during World War I Scientists Edit Stanislas Dehaene 1965 cognitive psychologist professor at the College de France and author Bernard Amadei 1954 professor of civil engineering at the University of Colorado founder of Engineers Without Borders USA Dominique Mulliez 1952 epigrapher archaeologist and Hellenist Marguerite Dupire 1920 2015 ethnologist Robert Jonckheere 1888 1974 astronomer Joseph Willot 1875 1919 pharmacist and World War I resistance activistWriters Edit Marie Desplechin 1959 writer and journalist Pierre Pierrard 1920 2005 historian Michel Decaudin 1919 2004 Romance linguist literature professor and author Richard Cobb 1917 1996 British social historian Lived in Roubaix in the 1940s Octave Vandekerkhove 1911 1987 writer Maxence Van Der Meersch 1907 1951 writer Maurice Nedoncelle 1905 1976 personalist philosopher Yanette Deletang Tardif 1902 1976 poet Amedee Prouvost 1877 1909 poet Jules Feller 1859 1940 Romance linguist and philologist Belgian academician and Walloon militantSee also EditParis Roubaix Andre Diligent Museum of Art and Industry Canal of Roubaix Roubaix South Dakota Andre Bizette LindetNotes and references EditNotes Edit The Jewish population of Roubaix dropped from 160 members 67 in the beginning of its settlement to 68 in 1942 68 Under French State s dictatorship from 1940 to 1944 mayors of communes over 2 000 inhabitants were not elected democratically The mayor was nominated by the government of Marshal Philippe Petain in communes of over 10 000 inhabitants and the prefet in communes less than 10 000 inhabitants and more than 2 000 The mayor in communes less than 2 000 inhabitants was elected by the city council Mayors of communes of the Zone interdite were nominated by prefects in agreement with the German authorities Therefore mayors are not affiliated to a political party for this period of time 77 78 Jean Baptiste Lebas s mandate was interrupted when he was arrested on March 7 1915 by German authorities to be imprisoned in the fortress of Rastatt Henri Therin the first deputy mayor stood in for Jean Baptiste Lebas during his imprisonment time Fleuris Vanherpe the eldest deputy mayor of the city council supplanted Jean Baptiste Lebas after his forfeiture in June 1940 and was entrusted functions of mayor on December 18 1940 79 His death on August 17 1941 put an early end to his mandate Victor Provo accepted the mandate in 1942 80 He was maintained by resistance committees in 1944 then elected in April 1945 81 82 A local association as per the 1901 law about association called Comite de quartier de l Hommelet Roubaix has its martyrs of the Resistance and They broke the chains of oppression Roubaix to his children died in defense of the country and for peace Friend of the gardens music and books The Swimming Pool The Manufactory Andre Diligent Museum of Art and Industry The collections held at the museum include sculptures by Alberto Giacometti Auguste Rodin Camille Claudel and Pablo Picasso The Cloakroom National choreographic centre Roubaix Hauts de France References Edit Repertoire national des elus les maires data gouv fr Plateforme ouverte des donnees publiques francaises in French December 2 2020 Populations legales 2020 The National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies December 29 2022 Pooley Timothy December 30 1996 Chtimi The Urban Vernaculars of Northern France Applications in French Linguistics Series Clevedon UK Multilingual Matters Ltd pp 15 44 ISBN 978 1 853 59345 1 Retrieved July 1 2015 INSEE commune file Lecigne Constantin 1911 Amedee Prouvost in French Paris F Bernard Grasset p 71 OCLC 679906866 Retrieved March 17 2016 Roubaix donne l impression d une enclave americaine dans la France du Nord C est en meme temps la ville de l energie frenetique et des fuites a travers le monde Strikwerda Carl 1984 Sweets John F ed Regionalism and Internationalism The Working Class Movement in the Nord and the Belgian Connection 1871 1914 Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Western Society for French History 1983 1984 Lawrence Kansas USA The University of Kansas 222 hdl 2027 mdp 39015012965524 ISSN 0099 0329 Contemporaries never tired of calling Roubaix an American city because of its raw fast growing character or of referring to Roubaix and its sister cities of Lille and Tourcoing as the French Manchester Clark Peter January 29 2009 European Cities and Towns 400 2000 Oxford UK Oxford University Press p 246 ISBN 978 0 199 56273 2 Retrieved October 1 2015 Roubaix was another new town originally a craft village whose many textile mills attracted a population of 100 000 and generated massive social and environmental problems a b Telechargement du fichier d ensemble des populations legales en 2019 INSEE Lecluyse Frederick December 16 2016 MEL on prend les memes ou presque et on recommence MEL let s take the same ones or almost and start over La Voix du Nord in French Roubaix F 73 349 ROUBAIX amp SES ALENTOURS 4 ISSN 1277 1422 Bois Grenier Le Maisnil Fromelles Aubers et Radinghem en Weppes Soit 6000 habitants supplementaires pour une MEL qui compte desormais 90 communes Ezelin Perrine April 2 2015 European Metropole of Lille Local Action Plan PDF Edinburgh UK CSI Europe URBACT p 3 Retrieved July 22 2015 URBACT May 29 2015 Lille Edinburgh UK Retrieved July 22 2015 Neveu Clarisse December 15 2016 Metropole Europeenne de Lille les vice presidents et conseillers metropolitains delegues elus European Metropolis of Lille elected vice presidents and metropolitan delegate councilors MEL Communique de presse in French Lille F Metropole Europeenne de Lille Retrieved December 18 2016 La fusion effective au 1er janvier 2017 acte un elargissement historique du territoire de la Metropole Europeenne de Lille passant de 85 a 90 communes pour pres d 1 2 million d habitants Durand Frederic May 12 2015 Theoretical framework of the cross border space production the case of the Eurometropolis Lille Kortrijk Tournai PDF Luxembourg L EUBORDERSCAPES p 18 Retrieved July 22 2015 Geographical Section of the Naval Intelligence Division Naval Staff Admiralty I D 1168 February 1918 Hall Frederick ed A Manual of Belgium and the Adjoining Territories Atlas Oxford UK University Press HMSO p 37 OCLC 10569037 Retrieved July 8 2015 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint uses authors parameter link Jager Martin January 12 2011 Entfernungen Luftlinie amp Strecke einfach online berechnen weltweit Calculate distance between two cities in the world free with map in German Ascio Technologies Inc Danmark Filial af Ascio technologies Inc USA Retrieved July 7 2015 Dercourt Jean Paquet Jacques December 6 2012 First published 1985 Geology Principles and Methods Oxford UK Springer Science amp Business Media p 328 ISBN 978 9 400 94956 0 Retrieved July 24 2015 Hack Robert Azzam Rafig Charlier Robert June 14 2004 Engineering Geology for Infrastructure Planning in Europe A European Perspective Lecture Notes in Earth Sciences Vol 104 Berlin D Springer Verlag Berlin Heidelberg pp 605 606 doi 10 1007 b93922 ISBN 978 3 540 21075 7 Retrieved July 3 2015 a b Des villages de Cassini aux communes d aujourd hui Commune data sheet Roubaix EHESS in French The Sanitary Record and Journal of Sanitary and Municipal Engineering Vol 47 London UK Sanitary Publishing Company 1911 p 3 Retrieved July 8 2015 United States Dept s Bureau of Foreign Commerce 1898 Commercial relations of the United States with foreign countries Congressional Edition Vol 3695 Washington US Govt Printing Office p 63 Retrieved July 9 2015 and with the Deule by the Canal d Espierre and that of Roubaix a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint uses authors parameter link Nothomb M 1838 Canal de Bossuyt a Courtray amp projets annexes enquetes etc Bossuit Kortrijk Canal amp projects appendix surveys etc in French Brussels B H Remy imprimeur du roi p 17 Retrieved September 21 2015 Le but primitif du canal etait de fournir a la ville de Roubaix les eaux dont elle manquait et de la mettre en communication avec le systeme de canaux du Nord et du Pas de Calais Lille Metropolitan Council 2008 Ruant Olivia Edwards May David eds A strategic route an economic necessity EU programme Blue Links restoration and reopening of the Deule Escaut canal between France and Belgium Roubaix Canal Espierre Canal and Marque canalised river Lille Metropole Communaute Urbaine Retrieved July 13 2015 McKnight Hugh August 1 2013 1st pub 1984 Cruising French Waterways London UK Adlard Coles Nautical p 28 ISBN 978 1 408 19796 7 Retrieved July 13 2015 Marion Gadault Teddy Grandsire Patrice Gonzalez Laure Join Lambert Dominique Leonardi Veronique Malek Carmen Momenceau Nathalia Momenceau Catherine Ruget 2015 Devisme Philippe Join Lambert Patrick eds From Marquette to la frontiere Belge Fluviacarte cartes et guides pour la navigation interieure Lattes F Editions de l Ecluse Retrieved July 13 2015 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint multiple names authors list link Lille Metropole Communaute Urbaine October 8 2004 Presentation generale du territoire communautaire et environnement du 8 octobre 2004 Titre I presentation generale du site et caracteristiques geophysiques PDF PLU de Lille Metropole RAPPORT DE PRESENTATION in French Lille F LMCU pp 17 18 Retrieved July 25 2015 Decker Frederic ed 2015 Lille Nord LaMeteo org Normales climatiques 1981 2010 in French Retrieved July 25 2015 Lille Lesquin 59 altitude 47m ASSOCIATION INFOCLIMAT Normes et records 1961 1990 in French 2011 Retrieved July 25 2015 Fiche Climatologique Statistiques 1991 2020 et records PDF in French Meteo France Retrieved September 7 2022 Guinet Louis 1982 Les emprunts gallo romans au germanique du Ier a la fin du Ve siecle The Gallo Romance borrowings from Germanic from the 1st century to the end of the 5th century Bibliotheque francaise et romane Serie A Manuels et etudes linguistiques 44 in French Paris F Klincksieck pp 32 33 a b c Negre Ernest 1996 1st pub 1991 Toponymie generale de la France vol 2 General Toponymy of France Vol II in French Geneva CH Librairie Droz ISBN 978 2 600 00133 5 Retrieved October 16 2013 a b van Overstraeten Jozef 1969 De Nederlanden in Frankrijk Low Countries in France Beknopte encyclopedie in Dutch Antwerp B Vlaamse Toeristenbond pp 465 466 OCLC 901682478 Retrieved June 22 2015 881 of 887 villa Rusbaci Germ rausa riet baki beek Trenard Louis Diligent Andre 1984 Hilaire Yves Marie ed Histoire de Roubaix History of Roubaix Collection Histoire des villes du Nord Pas de Calais in French Vol 6 Dunkerque F Editions Des Beffrois Westhoek Editions p 10 ISBN 978 2 903 07743 3 OCLC 14127874 Retrieved July 9 2015 Gastal Pierre 2002 Sous le francais le gaulois Histoire vocabulaire etymologie toponymie Gallic under the French History vocabulary etymology toponymy in French Meolans Revel F Editions Le Sureau ISBN 978 2 911 32807 7 Retrieved June 22 2015 Gysseling Maurits 1960 Toponymisch Woordenboek van Belgie Nederland Luxemburg Noord Frankrijk en West Duitsland voor 1226 door Maurits Gysseling 1960 Toponymic dictionary of Belgium the Netherlands Luxembourg Northern France and Western Germany before 1226 by Maurits Gysseling 1960 in Dutch Centrum voor Teksteditie en Bronnenstudie Retrieved June 17 2015 van den Broecke Marcel van den Broecke Gunzburger Deborah eds 2008 Cartographica Neerlandica Topographical names for Ortelius Map No 76 Cartographica Neerlandica FLANDRIA Gerardus Mercator Rupelmundanus Describebat Flanders which Gerardus Mercator from Rupelmonde has depicted Cum priuilegio With privilege Bilthoven NL Marcel amp Deborah van den Broecke Retrieved May 21 2016 Tilly Louise Tilly Charles June 1 1981 Class Conflict and Collective Action New Approaches to Social Science History Vol 1 Thousand Oaks California USA Sage Publications p 170 ISBN 978 0 803 91587 9 Retrieved July 27 2015 In some areas of France Flemish was spoken by the natives but since Roubaix lies just outside French Flanders native Roubaisians spoke only French hence the language disparity Schuermans Lodewijk Willem 1865 Algemeen Vlaamsch idioticon Met Tijd en Vlijt General Flemish idioticon with time and assiduity in Dutch Leuven B Gebroeders Vanlinthout p 268 Retrieved June 22 2015 Fortune Raymond 1899 Histoire du Hainaut francais et du Cambresis History of the French Hainaut and Cambresis in French Paris F Editions Paul Lechevalier p 61 Retrieved June 22 2015 Kolff Gualtherus Johannes October 28 1914 De Belgische Plaatsnamen Belgian place names Bataviaasch Nieuwsblad in Dutch G J Kolff amp Co 6 Retrieved June 23 2015 Schuermans Lodewijk Willem David Jan Baptist Du Bois Pierre 1883 Bejvoegsel aan het Algemeen Vlaamsch idioticon uitgegeven in 1865 1870 General Flemish idioticon issued in 1865 1870 in Dutch Leuven B K Fonteyn p 268 OCLC 23400838 Retrieved February 24 2017 ROBAAIS zoo las ik ergens vertaald den naam der fransche stad Roubaix t welk beter Roobeek of Robeke zou zijn Buitenlandse Aardrijkskundige Namen Foreign Geographical Names in Dutch taaladvies net Retrieved April 29 2014 Leuridan Theodore 1862 Histoire des seigneurs et de la seigneurie de Roubaix History of the lords and lordships of Roubaix Histoire de Roubaix in French Vol 3 Roubaix F Imprimerie J Reboux p 24 OCLC 466447211 Retrieved June 21 2015 Ireland Patrick Richard January 1 1994 The Policy Challenge of Ethnic Diversity Immigrant Politics in France and Switzerland Cambridge Massachusetts USA Harvard University Press ISBN 978 0 674 68375 4 Retrieved July 27 2015 Even very large immigrant communities managed to integrate into the ranks of the Roubaignos native Roubaisians through their membership in the working class a b Landrecies Jacques March 2001 Boutet Josiane ed French language web portal and library Cairn info Une configuration inedite la triangulaire francais flamand picard a Roubaix au debut du XXe siecle An original configuration the French Flemish Picard linguistic triangle in Roubaix at the start of the 20th century Langage et Societe in French Paris F Editions de la Maison des sciences de l homme 97 3 27 69 doi 10 3917 ls 097 0027 ISBN 978 2 735 10894 7 ISSN 0181 4095 Retrieved July 29 2015 Bowen Reginald 1937 La formation du feminin de l adjectif et du participe passe dans les dialectes normands picards et wallons d apres l Atlas linguistique de la France The Feminine formation of adjectives and past participles in Norman Picard and Wallon dialects according to the Linguistic Atlas of France in French Paris F Librairie Droz OCLC 252979177 a b c Marissal Louis Edmond 1844 Recherches pour servir a l histoire de Roubaix de 1400 a nos jours in French Roubaix F Impr de Beghin pp 108 109 OCLC 253762961 Retrieved January 10 2012 1716 4 715 1789 8 559 1801 8 151 1805 8 703 1817 8 724 1830 13 132 1842 24 892 de Felix Louis Nicolas Victor 1764 Memoires sur les frontieres et places de la Flandre du Haynault du pays entre Sambre et Meuze du Calaisis de l Artois du cours de la Somme et des Trois Evechez jusques a l Alsace manuscript Francais 11409 p 969 Population en historique depuis 1968 INSEE Declercq Elien Vanden Borre Saartje 2013 Cultural integration of Belgian migrants in northern France 1870 1914 a Study of Popular songs French History Vol 27 Oxford UK Oxford University Press pp 91 108 doi 10 1093 fh crs123 ISSN 1477 4542 Archived from the original on February 21 2015 Retrieved July 15 2015 Guerin Gonzales Camille Carl Strikwerda 1998 The Politics of Immigrant Workers Labor Activism and Migration in the World Economy Since 1830 2 revised ed New York New York USA Holmes amp Meier pp 115 133 ISBN 978 0 841 91298 4 Retrieved July 15 2015 All Merrheim s years living in a French city that was over a third Belgian never made him question the ability of workers of different nationalities to unite de Planhol Xavier Clava Paul 1994 An Historical Geography of France Cambridge Studies in Historical Geography Vol 21 Cambridge New York USA Cambridge University Press p 402 ISBN 978 0 521 32208 9 ISSN 1747 3128 OCLC 27266536 Retrieved July 13 2015 Ministere des affaires etrangeres du royaume de Belgique 1873 Recueil consulaire contenant les rapports commerciaux des agents belges a l etranger Vol 19 Brussels B P Weissenbruch Imprimeur du Roi p 971 ISBN 9780521322089 Retrieved July 16 2015 D apres un recensement recent la population de Roubaix s eleve aujourd hui a 75 987 habitants dont 42 103 belges En 1866 le recensement accusait une population totale de 64 706 habitants dont 30 465 belges Moch Leslie Page 2003 First published 1992 Moving Europeans Migration in Western Europe Since 1650 Interdisciplinary studies in history Second ed Bloomington Indiana USA Indiana University Press p 135 ISBN 978 0 253 21595 6 OCLC 50774361 Retrieved July 13 2015 Stone David June 1 2015 The Kaiser s Army The German Army in World War One London UK Bloomsbury Publishing p 400 ISBN 978 1 844 86235 1 Retrieved July 25 2015 Kramer Alan July 12 2007 Dynamic of Destruction Culture and Mass Killing in the First World War Oxford UK Oxford University Press p 42 ISBN 978 0 192 80342 9 Retrieved July 25 2015 The death rate is high in ordinary times two gravediggers were enough in Roubaix and now there are six of them Tilly Charles July 1983 Collective action repertoires in five French provinces 1789 1914 PDF CRSO Working Paper Vol 300 Ann Arbor Michigan USA University of Michigan p 17 Retrieved July 25 2015 In fact the population of Lille Roubaix Tourcoing a combat zone in World War I fell slightly between 1901 and 1921 Landrecies Jacques Petit Aime April 1 2003 Picard d hier et d aujourd hui Yesterday s and today s Picard Bien dire et bien aprandre Bulletin du Centre d etudes medievales et dialectales de l Universite de Lille III in French Villeneuve d Ascq F Centre de Gestion de l Edition Scientifique CEGES 21 11 ISBN 978 2 907 30105 3 Retrieved September 26 2015 aborder le difficile probleme de l accent cette derniere marque qui subsiste quand le patois a disparu et qui plus que tout permet de distinguer l Abbevillois de l Artesien ou du Roubaignot Pooley Timothy December 30 1996 Chtimi The Urban Vernaculars of Northern France Applications in French Linguistics Series Clevedon UK Multilingual Matters Ltd pp 104 140 ISBN 978 1 853 59345 1 Retrieved September 30 2015 Pooley Timothy October 9 2002 The depicardization of the vernaculars of the Lille conurbation In Jones Mari C Esch Edith eds Language Change The Interplay of Internal External and Extra linguistic Factors Contributions to the sociology of language Vol 86 Berlin D Walter de Gruyter GmbH p 34 ISBN 978 3 110 17202 7 ISSN 1861 0676 Retrieved July 27 2015 Viez notes the enduring prevalence of Picard in Roubaix in the early twentieth century despite progressive francization favoured by urbanization and industrialization Viez Henri Aime 1978 1st pub 1910 Le parler populaire patois de Roubaix etude phonetique Patois of Roubaix a phonetic study of the popular dialect in French Geneva CH Slatkine Reprints p 7 Retrieved July 27 2015 du parler populaire de Roubaix tel qu il etait couramment employe avant que l instruction primaire ne fut devenue obligatoire Gopnik Adam May 9 1994 A Reporter at Large The Ghost of the Glass House The New Yorker New York New York USA F R Publishing Corporation p 58 ISSN 0028 792X Many of them had German names They had fled from Alsace Lorraine as the Franco Prussian War ended in 1871 Gilbert Barbara C Fishel Deshmukh Marion September 30 2005 Max Liebermann from realism to impressionism Los Angeles California USA Skirball Cultural Center p 202 ISBN 978 0 970 42956 8 Retrieved September 28 2015 After Alsace Lorraine territory is annexed by the German Empire thousands of Alsatian Jews emigrate to France Reboux Alfred ed October 5 1872 Roubaix et le nord de la France Roubaix and northern France PDF Journal de Roubaix in French Roubaix F 17 3052 2 Retrieved December 4 2017 via Bibliotheque numerique de Roubaix a b c d Viey Frederic d Almeida Franck June 2009 Histoire des communautes juives du Nord et de Picardie History of the Jewish Communities of the North and Picardy Regions in French Valenciennes F Synagogue de Valenciennes pp 24 25 Archived from the original on November 15 2013 Retrieved September 27 2015 Cahen Isidore Prague Hippolyte 1894 Archives israelites Recueil politique et religieux Israelite Archive Political and religious reports in French Vol Tome LV Paris F Bureau des Archives Israelites p 23 Retrieved September 27 2015 M Maurice Marx fils du ministre officiant de la Synagogue de Roubaix a ete nomme dans le courant de novembre au commandement de la canonniere l Onyx Ce jeune officier est un ancien eleve de l Ecole polytechnique a b c Delmaire Danielle 2001 Les communautes juives septentrionales 1791 1939 Naissance croissance epanouissement Jewries in Northern France from 1791 to 1939 birth growth development in French Vol 2 State doctoral thesis Charles de Gaulle University Lille III January 1998 Villeneuve d Ascq F Presses Universitaires du Septentrion pp 714 719 ISBN 978 2 284 01645 8 Retrieved September 30 2015 a b c d Renoul Bruno September 10 2015 Roubaix commemore l epoque ou elle avait une synagogue Roubaix commemorates the time when it had a synagogue La Voix du Nord in French Roubaix F ISSN 0999 2189 Archived from the original on September 30 2015 Retrieved September 27 2015 Wigoder Geoffrey Spector Shmuel January 1 2001 K Sered Roubaix The Encyclopedia of Jewish Life Before and During the Holocaust Vol 2 New York New York USA New York University Press p 1098 ISBN 978 0 814 7935 65 Retrieved September 27 2015 Michman Dan May 1998 Belgium and the Holocaust Jews Belgians Germans Jerusalem Daf Noy Press pp 335 336 ISBN 978 9 653 08068 3 A massive round up i e large scale random arrests of Jews in northern France was conducted on September 11 1942 at the same time as the one in Antwerp On October 27 1943 the Germans arrested two Jewish families in Croix and Roubaix Wieviorka Michel Bataille Philippe September 2007 The Lure of Anti Semitism Hatred of Jews in Present Day France Jewish Identities in a Changing World Vol 10 Translated by Couper Lobel Kristin Declerck Anna Leiden NL Brill Publishers p 98 ISBN 978 9 004 16337 9 Retrieved September 30 2015 Roubaix does not have a Jewish community and there is no Jewish place of worship intra muros Johannsen Rubin Alissa August 5 2013 A French Town Bridges the Gap Between Muslims and Non Muslims The New York Times Retrieved January 11 2016 In Roubaix the mayor s office estimates that the Muslim population is as much as 20 000 or about 20 percent of the population Gilman Julien October 31 2014 Roubaix la Ville veut vendre douze chapelles funeraires abandonnees The City of Roubaix is willing to sell twelve abandoned funeral chapels La Voix du Nord in French Roubaix F ISSN 0999 2189 Retrieved September 14 2016 Liogier Raphael March 29 2004 Le bouddhisme mondialise Une perspective sociologique sur la globalisation du religieux Globalised Buddhism A sociological perspective on the globalisation of religions Reference geopolitique in French Paris F Ellipses Marketing p 268 ISBN 9782729814021 Retrieved September 14 2016 Centre francophone d etude et d enseignement sur le bouddhisme 2006 Annuaire des Centres bouddhistes Nord Pas de Calais Directory for Buddhist communities Nord Pas de Calais Institut d Etudes Bouddhiques in French Paris F IEB Archived from the original on September 20 2017 Retrieved September 18 2016 Leuridan Theodore 1863 Histoire des institutions communales et municipales de la ville de Roubaix Histoire de Roubaix in French Vol 4 Roubaix F Imprimerie J Reboux p 92 OCLC 466447211 Retrieved July 18 2015 Tellier Thibault March 16 2006 Le developpement urbain de Roubaix dans la premiere partie du XXe siecle In David Michel ed Roubaix cinquante ans de transformations urbaines et de mutations sociales Fifty years of urban transformations and social mutations in Roubaix Histoire et civilisations in French Vol 972 Villeneuve d Ascq F Presses Universitaires du Septentrion p 43 ISBN 978 2 859 39926 9 ISSN 1284 5655 Retrieved July 21 2015 c est en fait le developpement vers le sud qui semble le plus prometteur Etat francais December 12 1940 Loi du 16 novembre 1940 RELATIVE A LA REORGANISATION DES CORPS MUNICIPAUX Law of November 16 1940 RELATED TO REORGANISATION OF MUNICIPAL BODIES Journal Officiel de la Republique Francaise in French Imprimerie nationale 6074 Pottrain Martine 1993 Le Nord au cœur historique de la Federation du Nord du Parti socialiste 1880 1993 Nord at heart history of the French socialist party federation of the Nord 1880 1993 in French Lille F SARL de presse Nord Demain OCLC 34886141 La loi de Vichy du 16 novembre 1940 reorganise l administration communale les maires et les conseillers municipaux sont designes par le prefet apres accord des autorites allemandes Piat Jean 1985 Victor Provo 1903 1983 Roubaix temoigne et accuse in French Dunkerque F Editions Des Beffrois p 11 ISBN 978 2 903 07747 1 Retrieved July 7 2015 Toutefois Jean Lebas restera suspendu et le poste de maire sera confie le 18 decembre 1940 au plus ancien adjoint Fleuris Vanherpe Jackson Julian April 26 2001 France The Dark Years 1940 1944 Oxford UK Oxford University Press ISBN 978 0 191 62288 5 Retrieved September 9 2015 The pre war mayor of Roubaix Jean Lebas who was involved in the Resistance from the beginning had no qualms about encouraging his Socialist colleague Victor Provo to accept the post of mayor in 1942 on the grounds that the alternatives might be worse Thyssen Geert Herman Frederik Kusters Walter Van Ruyskensvelde Sarah Depaepe Marc December 20 2010 From popular to unpopular education The open air school s of Pont Rouge Roubaix 1921 1978 History of Education amp Children s Literature PDF Macerata I Edizioni Universita di Macerata p 203 ISBN 978 88 6056 252 4 Retrieved September 10 2015 he was replaced successively by Fleuris Vanherpe Marcel Guislain Alphonse Verbeurgt Charles Baudoin and Victor Provo The latter who was appointed by the Vichy regime would be reinstalled as mayor of Roubaix after the war and govern the city from 1944 until 1977 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint uses authors parameter link Luquiens Corinne ed 2011 Base de donnees des deputes francais depuis 1789 Victor PROVO Database on members of the French National Assembly since 1789 Victor PROVO Base de donnees historique des anciens deputes in French Paris F Assemblee nationale Retrieved September 26 2015 a b c Atlas francais de la cooperation decentralisee et des autres actions exterieures Commission nationale de la cooperation decentralisee in French France Diplomatie 2014 Retrieved July 7 2015 British towns twinned with French towns Archant Community Media Ltd Retrieved July 11 2013 a b Piat Jean 1985 Victor Provo 1903 1983 Roubaix temoigne et accuse in French Dunkerque F Editions Des Beffrois p 124 ISBN 978 2 903 07747 1 Retrieved July 7 2015 a b Catrice Paul Provo Victor Trenard Louis Teneul Georges Francois 1969 Roubaix au dela des mers in French Roubaix F Societe d emulation de Roubaix p 26 OCLC 493340579 Retrieved July 7 2015 Skopje Twin towns amp Sister cities Official portal of City of Skopje Grad Skopje 2006 2013 skopje gov mk Archived from the original on October 24 2013 Retrieved November 4 2013 Passarelli Pasquale 1999 Toscana Comuni d Italia in Italian Monteroduni Isernia I Istituto enciclopedico italiano p 293 ISBN 978 8 887 98326 5 Retrieved July 7 2015 Roubaix Sosnowiec laczy Urzad Miejski w Sosnowcu June 9 2006 Retrieved July 5 2015 ROUBAIX Franca Covilha Municipio in Portuguese Camara Municipal da Covilha October 20 2000 Retrieved July 7 2015 Vermeersch Olivier April 2013 The Quebec s deleguation attends CETI s official inauguration La delegation Quebecoise a l inauguration officielle du CETI La Revue du Textile the Textile Journal CTT Group 130 No 1 HIGHTEX 38 ISSN 0008 5170 Retrieved June 22 2015 Tasca Catherine December 13 2000 Allocution de Catherine Tasca Ville de Noisiel Signature de la convention VILLE ET PAYS D ART ET D HISTOIRE in French Ministere de la Culture et de la Communication Retrieved June 22 2015 a b c Kapferer Jean Noel January 3 2008 The New Strategic Brand Management Creating and Sustaining Brand Equity Long Term The New Strategic Brand Management London UK Kogan Page p 128 ISBN 978 0 749 45085 4 Artconnexion June 5 2010 Wim Delvoye Discobolos Artconnexion contemporary art production and mediation consultants Retrieved July 19 2015 Societe internationale des Nouveaux commanditaires 2010 Legierse Therese ed Wim Delvoye Discobolos Les Nouveaux Commanditaires Brussels B Retrieved March 31 2016 a b c d e f g Mairie de Roubaix 2009 Roubaix Parc Barbieux et Grand Boulevard PDF Roubaix F Mairie de Roubaix Retrieved July 19 2015 Mediatheque de Roubaix 1980 Monument Jean Lebas Bibliotheque numerique de Roubaix in French Roubaix F Mairie de Roubaix Retrieved July 19 2015 Piat Jean 1985 Victor Provo 1903 1983 Roubaix temoigne et accuse in French Dunkerque F Editions Des Beffrois p 50 ISBN 978 2 903 07747 1 Retrieved July 20 2015 Le 11 novembre 1948 le ciseau du grand prix de Rome le Roubaisien Albert de Jaeger grava leur souvenir dans la pierre d un monument Aux Martyrs de la Resistance erige sur l ancienne place Chevreul a b L hommage de Roubaix au peintre J J Weerts Le Petit Parisien in French Paris F 1 November 30 1931 Retrieved July 19 2015 Ramspacher Emile Georges 1863 Le general Estienne pere des chars Portrait et aspect de l histoire in French Vol 2 Paris F Editions Charles Lavauzelle p 65 ISBN 978 2 702 50036 1 Retrieved July 18 2015 Institut de Recherches Historiques du Septentrion April 21 2015 Monument a Roubaix Les monuments aux morts France et Belgique in French Laboratoire UMR CNRS IRHiS Institut de Recherches Historiques du Septentrion Universite de Lille Retrieved July 19 2015 Social Democratic Federation 1925 Social democrat Incorporating Justice Vol 42 to 44 London UK Executive Committee of the Social Democratic Federation p 32 Retrieved July 19 2015 In Roubaix which has a Socialist majority on the town council a memorial will be unveiled on Easter Sunday in honour of Jules Guesde the great pioneer of Marxian Socialism in France Monument a Jules Guesde Roubaix 2015 E monumen in French E monumen net Base de donnees Geolocalisee du patrimoine monumental Francais et Etranger December 17 2013 Retrieved July 19 2015 Monument a Pierre Destombes Roubaix 2015 E monumen in French E monumen net Base de donnees Geolocalisee du patrimoine monumental Francais et Etranger December 16 2013 Retrieved July 19 2015 Monument a Gustave Nadaud Roubaix 2015 E monumen in French E monumen net Base de donnees Geolocalisee du patrimoine monumental Francais et Etranger December 21 2013 Retrieved July 19 2015 Willsher Kim October 21 2018 France s art deco jewel is reborn to make an even bigger splash The Guardian Dunthorne Hugh Wintle Michael November 1 2012 The Historical Imagination in Nineteenth Century Britain and the Low Countries National Cultivation of Culture Vol 5 Leyden NL Brill pp 204 208 ISBN 978 9 004233 79 9 Retrieved July 24 2015 Ronet Marc Gaudichon Bruno 2005 Marc Ronet in French Gent B Snoeck Ducaju amp Zoon p 12 ISBN 9789053495933 Retrieved March 17 2016 Cordonnier Aude Ceysson Bernard 2005 Collection du Lieu d art et action contemporaine de Dunkerque Collection of the Lieu d art et action contemporaine of Dunkirk in French and English Paris F Somogy Editions d Art pp 194 330 ISBN 978 2 85056 871 8 Retrieved March 17 2016 Mediatheque de Roubaix July 2 2010 Le groupe de Roubaix Un choix dans les collections de La Piscine La Piscine Musee d Art et d Industrie Andre Diligent in French Roubaix F Ville de Roubaix Archived from the original on October 4 2010 Retrieved July 22 2015 Cordonnier Aude Jaubert Bruno November 11 1998 Arthur van Hecke œuvres 1946 1998 in French Dunkirk F Dunkerque Musee des Beaux Arts ISBN 978 2 906363 11 3 Delporte Michel Gaudichon Bruno Vandierendonck Rene December 20 1997 Le Groupe de Roubaix Le Nord Pas de Calais s ouvre l art contemporain 1946 1970 Cahier du patrimoine roubaisien in French Vol 3 Roubaix F Musee d art et d industrie de Roubaix Verbeke Dirk 1989 De Franse Nederlanden actualiteiten The French Netherlands News Ons Erfdeel Jaargang 32 in Dutch Raamsdonksveer NL Stichting Ons Erfdeel Deel 2 299 Retrieved March 17 2016 Leroy Roulland en Van Hecke behoorden tot de Groep van Roubaix Presentation Maisons de Mode Retrieved November 19 2019 H J November 13 2014 Dupiereux Thierry ed Louise Bourgoin et Jean Hugues Anglade tournent a Lessines L info sur lavenir net in French Liege B Editions de l Avenir Retrieved July 12 2015 Lelievre Adrien August 25 2014 Roubaix le paradis perdu du cineaste Arnaud Desplechin La Voix du Nord in French Roubaix F ISSN 0999 2189 Retrieved July 12 2015 a b c d e Le Bas Christophe May 12 2015 Roubaix Tourcoing ces 5 films qui font de nos villes leur decor ideal La Voix du Nord in French Roubaix F ISSN 0999 2189 Retrieved July 12 2015 Dulas Regis ed January 2015 Discount vu par son equipe e clap fr in French Hellemmes F E clap Amoureux de tous les cinemas Retrieved July 12 2015 Joos Olivier May 15 2012 Les Reines du ring en tournage a Roubaix Le Portel cinemasdunord blogspot com in French Olivier JOOS on Blogger Retrieved July 12 2015 Rousseaux Celine June 24 2013 Les reines du ring film sur le catch tourne dans le Nord Pas de Calais en avant premiere ce lundi a Lomme france3 regions francetvinfo fr in French Lille F France Televisions Retrieved July 12 2015 Nisha Joseph ed 2013 Blue Is the Warmest Colour Coloured with Palme d Or in 66th Festival De Cannes All Lights Film Magazine Dubai UEA Retrieved July 12 2015 permanent dead link Grenu Leila April 18 2013 Leclercq Vincent ed Un film tourne et coproduit en Nord Pas de Calais en competition officielle du Festival de Cannes PDF in French Tourcoing F PICTANOVO Archived from the original PDF on September 24 2015 Retrieved July 12 2015 a b c d e Saint Alban Clotilde ed Le Nord Pas de Calais et le cinema in French Premesques F Ancetres et Histoire Retrieved July 12 2015 Agaronyan Armine July 2009 Andrej Zvyagincev pokoril Erevan Andrey Zvyagintsev won Yerevan in Russian Moscow RU Mezhdunarodnaya evrejskaya gazeta MEG International Jewish Newspaper IJN Retrieved July 12 2015 i kto to posovetoval gorodok Rube na severe Francii Eto okazalos imenno tem chto my iskali Le bannissement 2007 Filming Locations Seattle Washington USA IMDb com Inc February 6 2008 Retrieved July 12 2015 Le rendez vous de Seraphine amisdelapiscine blogspot fr in French Les Amis de la Piscine on Blogger January 18 2009 Retrieved July 12 2015 Le couperet 2005 Movie Singapore SG MoviePictures ORG Movies Hollywood Free 2014 Retrieved July 12 2015 Sardet Yoann ed 2000 Sauve moi Secrets de tournage De l ecrit a l image in French Paris F AlloCine SA Retrieved July 12 2015 Jauffret Magali April 28 1999 Robert Kramer Je suis un homme aveugle in French L Humanite fr Retrieved July 11 2015 Le Monde November 13 1999 An American in Roubaix www windwalk net Retrieved July 11 2015 Kaganski S Bonn F September 16 1998 Erick Zonca Une nouvelle vie in French Les Inrocks Retrieved July 11 2015 O Shaughnessy Martin January 15 2008 The New Face of Political Cinema Commitment in French Film since 1995 Oxford New York USA Berghahn Books p 167 ISBN 978 0 857 45690 8 Retrieved July 11 2015 Temporale Rosy 1980 Movie Singapore SG MoviePictures ORG Movies Hollywood Free 2014 Retrieved July 12 2015 Deroy Pascal ed 1994 Le Maitre nageur in French Wattignies F CinEmotions com Archived from the original on August 19 2016 Retrieved July 12 2015 Godard part II 1968 1974 The Mao years Rate Your Music Seattle Washington USA Sonemic Inc Retrieved July 12 2015 Vandenbussche Robert 2000 1896 1996 Cent ans d universite Lilloise actes du colloque organise a Lille les 6 et 7 decembre 1996 1896 1996 one hundred years of the University of Lille proceedings of the symposium held on November 6 and 7 1996 at Lille Centre d Histoire de l Europe du Nord Ouest in French Vol 18 Villeneuve d Ascq F Universite Charles de Gaulle Lille III CRHEN O p 225 ISBN 978 2 905 63734 5 Retrieved July 24 2015 Jerome Jerome Klapka Pain Barry eds 1899 To day Vol 22 London UK W A Dunkerley p 215 Retrieved July 28 2015 The sport is very popular in the North of France some fifty odd clubs existing in or near Roubaix where a very large meeting was recently held Waret Philippe Popelier Jean Pierre July 1 2005 Sutton Alan ed Roubaix ville de sport Roubaix a sporting city Memoire du sport in French Saint Avertin F Editions Alan Sutton ISBN 978 2 84910 155 1 Brevan Claude June 2002 The URBAN Community Initiative PDF Sainte Denis F Interministerial Delegation for Urban Affairs p 57 ISBN 2 11 093 339 9 Retrieved June 30 2015 Hussey Andrew April 14 2012 France a divided nation goes to the polls The Guardian Retrieved June 30 2015 Agnew Harriet December 13 2018 Can France revive its industrial heartland Financial Times Archived from the original on December 10 2022 Smith Michael Stephen February 14 2006 The Emergence of Modern Business Enterprise in France 1800 1930 Harvard studies in business history Vol 49 Cambridge Massachusetts USA Harvard University Press p 489 ISBN 978 0 674 01939 3 ISSN 0073 067X Retrieved July 23 2015 One of these was Pinault Printemps Redoute a major retailing firm created by the merger of the Printemps Prisunic department store chain and La Redoute a leading mail order house founded by a family of Roubaix wool spinners in the 1920s Baren Maurice September 16 1992 How it all began the stories behind those famous names Leeds UK Smith Settle p 31 ISBN 978 1 870 07192 5 Retrieved July 23 2015 In the French town of Roubaix in the 1950s three brothers members of the Despature family had a weaving business manufacturing fine woollen cloths Derdak Thomas 2009 Grant Tina ed International Directory of Company Histories Gale virtual reference library Vol 98 Farmington Hills Michigan USA St James Press pp 85 87 ISBN 978 1 558 62619 5 Dubois Guy October 11 2012 Le Nord Pas de Calais Pour les Nuls Nord Pas de Calais for dummies Pour les Nuls Culture Generale in French Paris F Editions First amp First Interactive p 164 ISBN 978 2 754 03547 7 Prouvost Thierry August 15 2008 Vision et genie international des familles du Nord et de Roubaix en particulier in French Archived from the original on July 21 2015 Retrieved July 23 2015 C est en 1932 a Roubaix que Xavier Toulemonde cree les Filatures des 3 Suisses qui deviendront par la suite les 3 Suisses OVH com lays the first brick of its future North American data centre in Beauharnois CNW A PR Newswire Company CNW Group Ltd January 26 2012 Retrieved July 23 2015 Group Ankama 2015 From Textile Factory to Studio The Story of Our Premises Ankama Group Archived from the original on July 13 2015 Retrieved July 13 2015 In January of 2007 the deal was done and Ankama moved into 75 Boulevard d Armentieres in Roubaix BRGM April 2002 Inventaire d anciens sites industriels sur l arrondissement de Lille Inventory of old industrial sites on the arrondissement of Lille PDF InfoTerre Lezennes F BRGM pp 27 28 Hutchinson Lucille November 28 2016 Chauffage urbain au bois a Roubaix Wood biomass district heating systems of Roubaix in French Loos en Gohelle F Centre Ressource du Developpement Durable Chatel Laura Ferran Rosa January 20 2018 The story of Roubaix Case study 8 PDF Zero Waste Europe p 3 Bibliography EditSee also Bibliography of the history of RoubaixExternal links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Roubaix Look up Roubaix in Wiktionary the free dictionary Tourist office website in French English and Dutch Website of the museum of art and industry in French LeBlog2Roubaix Com videoblog and WebTv about Roubaix in French Roubaix at Curlie in French Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Roubaix amp oldid 1153786557, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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