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List of opera genres

April 10, 2024

This is a glossary list of opera genres, giving alternative names.

The Paris foire St Germain, c. 1763, after the fire of 1762
Nicolet's theatre at the foire St Laurent, c. 1786
In the early 18th century, the Théâtre de la foire in Paris – a collective name for the theatres at the annual fairs at St Germain, St Laurent (see illustration above) and later, St Ovide – offered performances with both music and spoken dialogue. First called comédie en vaudeville, these developed into the opéra comique. The Théâtre de la foire appeared in London in the 1720s, to be imitated in the form of the English ballad opera, which in turn stimulated the creation of the German Singspiel.

"Opera" is an Italian word (short for "opera in musica"); it was not at first commonly used in Italy (or in other countries) to refer to the genre of particular works. Most composers used more precise designations to present their work to the public. Often specific genres of opera were commissioned by theatres or patrons (in which case the form of the work might deviate more or less from the genre norm, depending on the inclination of the composer). Opera genres are not exclusive. Some operas are regarded as belonging to several.[1]

Definitions edit

Opera genres have been defined in different ways, not always in terms of stylistic rules. Some, like opera seria, refer to traditions identified by later historians,[2] and others, like Zeitoper, have been defined by their own inventors. Other forms have been associated with a particular theatre, for example opéra comique at the theatre of the same name, or opéra bouffe at the Théâtre des Bouffes Parisiens.

This list does not include terms that are vague and merely descriptive, such as "comic opera",[3] "sacred opera", "tragic opera" or "one-act opera" etc. Original language terms are given to avoid the ambiguities that would be caused by English translations.

List edit

Genre Language Description First known example Major works Last known example Notable composers Refs.
Acte de ballet French An opéra ballet consisting of a single entrée. 18th century. Les fêtes de Ramire (1745), Anacréon (1754), Rameau [4]
Afterpiece English 18th/19th century short opera or pantomime performed after a full-length play. The Padlock (1768) Dibdin [4]
Azione sacra Italian Literally, "sacred action". 17th and early 18th century opera with religious subject. Performed at Vienna court. L'humanità redenta (Draghi, 1669) Draghi, Bertali, Pietro Andrea Ziani, Giovanni Battista Pederzuoli, Cesti [4]
Azione sepolcrale Italian alternative name for azione sacra [4]
Azione scenica Italian alternative name for azione teatrale Al gran sole carico d'amore (1975) [4]
Azione teatrale (plural azioni teatrali) Italian Small-scale one-act opera, or musical play. Early form of chamber opera. Popular in late 17th and 18th centuries. (See also festa teatrale, a similar genre but on a larger scale.) Le cinesi (1754), Il sogno di Scipione (1772), L'isola disabitata (1779) Bonno, Gluck, Mozart, Haydn [4]
Ballad opera English Entertainment originating in 18th-century London as a reaction against Italian opera. Early examples used existing popular ballad tunes set to satirical texts. Also popular in Dublin and America, Influenced the German Singspiel, and subsequently 20th-century opera. The Beggar's Opera (1728) Love in a Village (1762), Hugh the Drover (1924), The Threepenny Opera (1928) Pepusch, Coffey, Arne, Weill [4]
Ballet héroïque French Literally 'heroic ballet'. A type of opéra ballet featuring the heroic and exotic, of the early/mid 18th century. Les festes grecques et romaines (Colin de Blamont, 1723) Zaïde, reine de Grenade (1739), Les fêtes de Paphos (1758) Royer, Mondonville, Mion [4]
Bühnenfestspiel German Literally, "stage festival play". Wagner's description of the four operas of Der Ring des Nibelungen Wagner [4]
Bühnenweihfestspiel German Literally, "stage consecration festival play". Wagner's description for Parsifal Wagner [4]
Burla Italian alternative name for burletta [4]
Burletta Italian Literally, "little joke". Informal term for comic pieces in the 18th century. Used in England for intermezzos and light, satirical works. The Recruiting Serjeant (1770) Dibdin [4]
Burletta per musica Italian alternative name for burletta Il vero originale (Mayr 1808)
Burlettina Italian alternative name for burletta [4]
Characterposse German Specialized form of Posse mit Gesang concentrating on personalities. [4]
Comédie en vaudeville French Entertainment in Paris fair theatres at the end of the 17th century, mixing popular vaudeville songs with comedy. In the 18th century, developed into the opéra comique, while influencing directly the English ballad opera and indirectly the German Singspiel.
Comédie lyrique French Literally, "lyric comedy". 18th century: description used by Rameau. 19th century: alternative name for opéra lyrique. Platée (1745), Les Paladins (1760) Rameau [5]
Comédie mêlée d'ariettes French Literally, "comedy mixed with brief arias". An early form of French opéra comique dating to the mid 18th century. La rencontre imprévue (1764), Tom Jones (1765), Le déserteur (1769), Zémire et Azor (1771), Le congrès des rois (Cherubini et al., 1794) Gluck, Grétry
Commedia Italian abbreviation of commedia in musica Il barbiere di Siviglia (1816)
Commedia in musica Italian alternative name for opera buffa [6]
Commedia per musica Italian alternative name for opera buffa La pastorella nobile (1788) [6]
Componimento da camera Italian alternative name for azione teatrale [4]
Componimento drammatico Italian alternative name for azione teatrale [4]
Componimento pastorale Italian alternative name for azione teatrale La danza (Gluck, 1755) Gluck [4]
Conte lyrique French alternative name for opéra lyrique Grisélidis (Massenet, 1901) [4]
Divertimento giocoso Italian alternative name for opera buffa [6]
Dramatic (or dramatick) opera English alternative name for semi-opera
Drame forain French alternative name for Comédie en vaudeville [4]
Drame lyrique French Literally, "lyric drama". (1) Term used in the 18th century. (2) Reinvented in the late 19th/early 20th century to describe opera that developed out of opéra comique, influenced by Massenet. Echo et Narcisse (1779), La marquise de Brinvilliers (1831), Werther (1892), Briséïs (1897), Messidor (1897) Gluck, Chabrier, Bruneau, Erlanger [4]
Dramma bernesco Italian alternative name for opera buffa [6]
Dramma comico Italian alternative name for opera buffa, 18th/early 19th century. Also used for the genre that replaced it from mid 19th century, with the elimination of recitatives. [6]
Dramma comico per musica Italian alternative name for dramma comico
Dramma di sentimento Italian alternative name for opera semiseria [4]
Dramma eroicomico Italian Literally "heroic-comic drama". A late 18th century opera buffa with some heroic content. Orlando paladino (1782), Palmira, regina di Persia (1795) Haydn, Salieri [4]
Dramma giocoso (plural drammi giocosi) Italian Literally, "jocular drama". Mid 18th century form that developed out of the opera buffa, marked by the addition of serious, even tragic roles and situations to the comic ones. (Effectively a subgenre of opera buffa in the 18th century.)[7] La scuola de' gelosi (1778), La vera costanza (1779), Il viaggio a Reims (1825), Haydn, Mozart, Salieri, Sarti, Rossini, Donizetti [4]
Dramma giocoso per musica Italian full term for dramma giocoso
Dramma pastorale Italian Literally, "pastoral drama". Used for some of the earliest operas down to the 18th century. Eumelio (Agazzari, 1606), La fede riconosciuta (A Scarlatti, 1710) A Scarlatti, Sarti [4]
Dramma per musica (plural drammi per musica) Italian Literally, "drama for music", or "a play intended to be set to music" (i.e. a libretto). Later, synonymous with opera seria and dramma serio per musica;[8] in the 19th century, sometimes used for serious opera. Erismena (1656), Tito Manlio (1719), Paride ed Elena (1770), Idomeneo (1781), Rossini's Otello (1816) A Scarlatti, Cavalli, Vivaldi, Sarti, Gluck, Mozart [4]
Dramma semiserio Italian alternative name for opera semiseria Torvaldo e Dorliska (1815)
Dramma tragicomico Italian alternative name for opera semiseria. Axur, re d'Ormus (1787) [4]
Entr'acte French French name for intermezzo [4]
Episode lyrique French alternative name for opéra lyrique [4]
Fait historique French Late 18th/19th century. Opéra or opéra comique based on French history, especially popular during the French Revolution. L'incendie du Havre (1786) Joseph Barra (Grétry 1794), Le pont de Lody (Méhul 1797), Milton (1804) Grétry, Méhul, Spontini [4][9]
Farsa (plural farse) Italian Literally, "farce". A form of one-act opera, sometimes with dancing, associated with Venice, especially the Teatro San Moisè, in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. La cambiale di matrimonio (1810), L'inganno felice (1812), La scala di seta (1812), Il signor Bruschino (1813), Adina (1818) Rossini [10]
Farsetta Italian alternative name for farsa [10]
Feenmärchen German alternative name for Märchenoper [11]
Favola in musica Italian Earliest form of opera Dafne (1598) L'Orfeo (1607) Monteverdi
Festa teatrale Italian A grander version of the azione teatrale. An opera given as part of a court celebration (of a marriage etc.) Typically associated with Vienna. Il pomo d'oro (Cesti, 1668) Draghi, Fux, Caldara [4]
Geistliche Oper German Literally, "sacred opera". Genre invented by the Russian composer Anton Rubinstein for his German-language, staged opera-oratorios. Das verlorene Paradies (Rubinstein, 1856) Der Thurm zu Babel (1870), Sulamith (1883), Moses (1894) Christus (Rubinstein, 1895) Rubinstein [12]
Género chico Spanish Literally, "little genre". A type of zarzuela, differing from zarzuela grande by its brevity and popular appeal. Ruperto Chapí
Género grande Spanish alternative name for zarzuela grande
Grand opéra French 19th-century genre, usually with 4 or 5 acts, large-scale casts and orchestras, and spectacular staging, often based on historical themes. Particularly associated with the Paris Opéra (1820s to c. 1850), but similar works were created in other countries. La muette de Portici (1828) Robert le diable (1831), La Juive (1835), Les Huguenots (1836) Patrie! (Paladilhe, 1886) Meyerbeer, Halévy, Verdi
Handlung German Literally "action" or "drama". Wagner's description for Tristan und Isolde. Wagner
Intermezzo Italian Comic relief inserted between acts of opere serie in the early 18th century, typically involving slapstick, disguises etc. Spread throughout Europe In the 1730s. Predated Opera buffa. Frappolone e Florinetta (Gasparini?, 1706) La serva padrona (1733) Pergolesi, Hasse [13]
Liederspiel German Literally "song-play". Early 19th century genre in which existing lyrics, often well-known, were set to new music and inserted into a spoken play. Lieb' und Treue (Reichardt, 1800) Kunst und Liebe (Reichardt, 1807) Reichardt Lindpaintner [14]
Lokalposse German Specialized form of Posse mit Gesang concentrating on daily life themes, associated with the playwright Karl von Marinelli. [4]
Märchenoper German "Fairy-tale opera", a genre of 19th century opera usually with a supernatural theme. Similar to Zauberoper. Hänsel und Gretel (1893) Humperdinck, Siegfried Wagner [11]
Märchenspiel German alternative name for Märchenoper [11]
Melodramma Italian 19th century. General term for opera sometimes used instead of more specific genres. [15]
Melodramma serio Italian alternative name for opera seria
Musikdrama German Term associated with the later operas of Wagner but repudiated by him.[16] Nevertheless, widely used by post-Wagnerian composers. Tiefland (1903), Salome (1905), Der Golem (d'Albert 1926) d'Albert, Richard Strauss [4][16]
Opéra French Referring to individual works: 1. 18th century. Occasionally used for operas outside specific, standard genres. 2. 19th/20th century: an opéra is a "French lyric stage work sung throughout"[17] in contrast to an opéra comique that mixed singing with spoken dialogue. Opéra (which included grand opéra), was associated with the Paris Opéra (the Opéra). Also used for some works with a serious tone at the Opéra-Comique. Naïs (1749), Fernand Cortez (1809), Moïse et Pharaon (1827), Les vêpres siciliennes (1855), Roméo et Juliette (1867) Grétry, Spontini, Rossini, Verdi, Gounod [17]
Opéra-ballet French Genre with more dancing than tragédie en musique. Usually with a prologue and a number of self-contained acts (called entrées), following a theme. L'Europe galante (1697) Les élémens (1721), Les Indes galantes (1735), Les fêtes d'Hébé (1739) Destouches, Rameau [4]
Opera ballo Italian 19th-century Italian grand opéra. Il Guarany (1870), Aida (1871), La Gioconda (opera) (1876) Gomes, Verdi, Ponchielli [18]
Opera buffa (plural, opere buffe) Italian Major genre of comic opera in the 18th and early 19th centuries. Originating in Naples (especially the Teatro dei Fiorentini), its popularity spread during the 1730s, notably to Venice where development was influenced by the playwright/librettist Goldoni. Typically in three acts, unlike the intermezzo. Contrasting in style, subject matter, and the use of dialect with the formal, aristocratic opera seria. La Cilla (Michelangelo Faggioli, 1706) Li zite 'ngalera (1722), Il filosofo di campagna (Galuppi, 1754), La buona figliuola (1760), Le nozze di Figaro (1786), Il barbiere di Siviglia (1816), Don Pasquale (1843), Crispino e la comare (1850) Don Procopio (1859) Vinci, Pergolesi, Galuppi, Duni, Piccinni, Sacchini, Salieri, Mozart, Rossini [6]
Opéra bouffe (plural, opéras bouffes) French Comic genre of opérette including satire, parody and farce. Closely connected with Offenbach and the Théâtre des Bouffes-Parisiens where most of them were produced. Orphée aux enfers (1858) La belle Hélène (1864), La Grande-Duchesse de Gérolstein (1867), La Périchole (1868) Les mamelles de Tirésias (1947) Offenbach, Hervé, Lecocq [19]
Opéra bouffon French Opera buffa as performed in 18th-century France, either in the original language or in translation. (Sometimes confused with opéra comique.) Le roi Théodore à Venise (Paisiello, 1786) [20]
Opéra comique (plural, opéras comiques) French Literally, 'comic opera'. Genre including arias, a certain amount of spoken dialogue (and sometimes recitatives). Closely associated with works written for the Paris Opéra-Comique. Themes included were serious and tragic, as well as light. Tradition developed from popular early 18th century comédies en vaudevilles and lasted into 20th century with many changes in style. Télémaque (Jean-Claude Gillier, 1715) Les troqueurs (1753), La dame blanche (1825), Carmen (1875), Lakmé (1883) Philidor, Monsigny, Grétry, Boieldieu, Auber, [4]
Opéra comique en vaudeville French alternative name for comédie en vaudeville
Opera eroica Italian 17th/18th/19th century genre which translates as "heroic opera". It mixed serious and romantic drama with improvised comedy.[21] Enrico di Borgogna (1818)[22]
Opéra féerie (plural, opéras féeries) French 18th/19th century genre of works based on fairy tales, often involving magic. Zémire et Azor (1771), Cendrillon (1810), La belle au bois dormant (1825) Carafa, Isouard [23]
Opéra lyrique French Literally, "lyric opera". Late 18th/19th century, less grandiose than grand opéra, but without the spoken dialogue of opéra comique. (Term applied more to the genre as a whole than individual operas.) Gounod, Ambroise Thomas, Massenet [4]
Opera-oratorio Oedipe roi (1927), Jeanne d'Arc au bûcher (1938) Milhaud, Honegger, Stravinsky
Opera semiseria Italian Literally, "semi-serious opera". Early/mid 19th century genre employing comedy but also, unlike opera buffa, pathos, often with a pastoral setting. Typically included a basso buffo role. Camilla (Paer, 1799) La gazza ladra (1817), Linda di Chamounix (1842) Violetta (Mercadante, 1853) Paer, Rossini, Donizetti [24]
Opera seria (plural, opere serie) Italian Literally, "serious opera". Dominant style of opera in the 18th century, not only in Italy but throughout Europe (except France). Rigorously formal works using texts, mainly based on ancient history, by poet-librettists led by Metastasio. Patronized by the court and the nobility. Star singers were often castrati. Griselda (1721), Cleofide (Hasse, 1731), Ariodante (1735), Alceste (1767), La clemenza di Tito (1791) Alessandro Scarlatti, Vivaldi, Hasse, Handel, Gluck, Mozart [4][2]
Opéra-tragédie French alternative name for tragédie en musique [25]
Operetta English (from Italian) Literally, "little opera". Derived from English versions of Offenbach's opéras bouffes performed in London in the 1860s. Some of the earliest native operettas in English were written by Frederic Clay and Sullivan. (W. S. Gilbert and Sullivan wished to distinguish their joint works from continental operetta and later called them "comic operas" or Savoy operas). Cox and Box (1866) Princess Toto (1876), Rip Van Winkle (1882), Naughty Marietta (1910), Monsieur Beaucaire (1919), The Student Prince (1924), The Vagabond King (1925) Candide (1956) Sullivan, Herbert, Romberg, Friml, Leonard Bernstein [26]
Opérette (plural, opérettes) French French operetta. Original genre of light (both of music and subject matter) opera that grew out of the French opéra comique in the mid 19th century. Associated with the style of the Second Empire by the works of Offenbach, though his best-known examples are designated subgenerically as opéras bouffes. L'ours et le pacha (Hervé, 1842) Madame Papillon (Offenbach, 1855), Les mousquetaires au couvent (1880), Les p'tites Michu (1897), Ciboulette (1923) Hervé, Offenbach, Varney, Messager, Hahn [26]
Opérette bouffe French Subgenre of French opérette. La bonne d'enfant (1856), M. Choufleuri restera chez lui le . . . (1861) Offenbach [26]
Opérette vaudeville (or vaudeville opérette) French Subgenre of French opérette. L'ours et le pacha (Hervé, 1842) Mam'zelle Nitouche (1883) Hervé, Victor Roger [26]
Operette (plural, operetten) German German operetta. Popular Viennese genre during the 19th and 20th centuries, created under the influence of Offenbach and spread to Berlin, Budapest, and other German and east European cities. Das Pensionat (Suppé, 1860) Die Fledermaus (1874), The Merry Widow (1905), Das Land des Lächelns (1929) Frühjahrsparade (Robert Stolz, 1964) Johann Strauss II, Lehár, Oscar Straus [26]
Pasticcio Italian Literally "a pie" or a hotchpotch. An adaptation or localization of an existing work that is loose, unauthorized, or inauthentic. Also used for a single work by a number of different composers, particularly in early 18th-century London. Thomyris (Pepusch, Bononcini, Scarlatti, Gasparini, Albinoni, 1707) Muzio Scevola (1721), Ivanhoé (1826) Handel, Vivaldi [4]
Pièce lyrique French alternative name for opéra lyrique [4]
Pastorale héroïque French Type of ballet héroïque (opéra-ballet). Usually in three acts with an allegorical prologue, that typically drew on classical themes associated with pastoral poetry. Acis et Galatée (1686) Issé (1697), Zaïs (1748), Naïs (1749) Lully, Rameau [27]
Posse German alternative name for Posse mit Gesang [4]
Posse mit Gesang (plural Possen mit Gesang) German Literally, "farce with singing". Popular entertainment of late 18th/early 19th centuries, associated with Vienna, Berlin and Hamburg. Similar to the Singspiel, but with more action and less music. Re-invented in the early 20th century by Walter Kollo and others. Der Alpenkönig und der Menschenfeind (Raimund, 1828), Filmzauber (1912) Kreutzer, Müller, Schubert, Walter Kollo [4]
Possenspiel German early name for Posse mit Gesang [4]
Possenspil German early name for Posse mit Gesang [4]
Radio opera English Works written specifically for the medium of radio. The Red Pen (1925) The Willow Tree (Cadman, 1932), Die schwarze Spinne (Sutermeister, 1936), Comedy on the Bridge (1937), The Old Maid and the Thief (1939), Il prigioniero (1949), I due timidi (1950) Martinů, Sutermeister, Menotti, Dallapiccola, Rota [28]
Rappresentazione sacra Italian alternative name for azione sacra [29]
Rescue opera French Early nineteenth century transitional genre between opéra comique, Romantic opera, and grand opera, featuring the rescue of a main character; called opéra à sauvetage in French, and Rettunsoper or Befreiungsoper in German (also Schrekensoper) Les rigueurs du cloître (Henri Montan Berton, 1790) or Lodoïska (1791); some antecedents whose inclusion in the genre is debated Fidelio, Lodoïska, Les deux journées Dalibor (1868) Cherubini, Dalayrac, Le Sueur [4]
Romantische Oper German Early 19th-century German genre derived from earlier French opéras comiques, dealing with "German" themes of nature, the supernatural, folklore etc. Spoken dialogue, originally included with musical numbers, was eventually eliminated in works by Richard Wagner. Der Freischütz (1821) Hans Heiling (1833), Undine (1845), Tannhäuser (1845) Lohengrin (1850) Weber, Marschner, Lortzing, Wagner [4]
Sainete Spanish Literally, "farce" or "titbit". 17th/18th century genre of comic opera similar to the Italian intermezzo, performed together with larger works. Popular in Madrid in the latter 18th century. During the 19th century, the Sainete was synonymous with género chico. Il mago (1632) Pablo Esteve, Soler, Antonio Rosales [4][30]
Sainetillo Spanish Diminutive of sainete [30]
Savoy opera English 19th-century form of operetta[31] (sometimes referred to as a form of "comic opera" to distance the English genre from the continental) comprising the works of Gilbert and Sullivan and other works from 1877 to 1903 that played at the Opera Comique and then the Savoy Theatre in London. These influenced the rise of musical theatre. Trial by Jury (1875) H.M.S. Pinafore (1878), The Pirates of Penzance (1880), The Mikado (1885), The Gondoliers (1889), Merrie England (1902) A Princess of Kensington (1903) Sullivan, Solomon, German [31]
Saynète French French for sainete. Description used for a particular style of opérette in the 19th century. La caravane de l'amour (Hervé, 1854), Le rêve d'une nuit d'été (Offenbach, 1855), Le valet de coeur (Planquette, 1875) Hervé, Offenbach, Planquette [30]
Schauspiel mit Gesang German Literally, "play with singing". Term used by Goethe for his early libretti, though he called them Singspiele when revising them. Erwin und Elmire (Goethe 1775) Liebe nur beglückt (Reichardt, 1781), Die Teufels Mühle am Wienerberg (Müller 1799) [32]
Schuloper German Literally, "school opera". Early 20th century, opera created for performance by school children. Der Jasager (1930), Wir bauen eine Stadt (Hindemith, 1930) Weill, Hindemith [33]
Semi-opera English Early form of opera with singing, speaking and dancing roles. Popular between 1673 and 1710. The Tempest (Betterton, 1674) Psyche (1675), King Arthur (1691), The Fairy-Queen (1692) Purcell [4]
Sepolcro Italian Azione sacra on the subject of the passion and crucifixion of Christ. Draghi [29]
Serenata Italian Literally, "evening song". Short opera performed at court for celebrations, similar to the azione teatrale. (Also used to refer to serenades.) Acis and Galatea (1720), Il Parnaso confuso (Gluck 1765) Handel, Gluck [4]
Singspiel (plural Singspiele) German Literally, "sing play". Popular genre of the 18th/19th centuries, (though the term is also found as early as the 16th century). Derived originally from translations of English ballad operas, but also influenced by French opéra comique. Spoken dialogue, combined with ensembles, folk-coloured ballads and arias. Originally performed by traveling troupes. Plots generally comic or romantic, often including magic. Developed into German "rescue opera" and romantische Oper. Der Teufel ist los (Johann Georg Standfuss, 1752) Die verwandelten Weiber (1766), Die Jagd (1770), Die Entführung aus dem Serail (1782), Abu Hassan (1811) Hiller, Mozart, Weber [4][32]
Situationsposse German Specialized form of Posse mit Gesang concentrating on social situations. [4]
Songspiel German Literally, "song play" ("Song" being the English word as used in German, e.g. by Brecht, etc.) Term invented by Kurt Weill to update the concept of Singspiel Mahagonny-Songspiel (1927) Kurt Weill [4]
Spieloper German Literally, "opera play". 19th-century light opera genre, derived from Singspiel and to a lesser extent opéra comique, containing spoken dialogue. Spieltenor and Spielbass are specialized voice types connected with the genre. Zar und Zimmermann (1837), The Merry Wives of Windsor (1849) Lortzing, Nicolai [4]
Syngespil Danish Local form of Singspiel. Late 18th/19th century. Soliman den Anden (Sarti, 1770), Holger Danske (1787), Høstgildet (Schulz, 1790) Sarti, Schulz, Kunzen [4]
Television opera English Works written specifically for the medium of television. Amahl and the Night Visitors (1951) The Marriage (1953), Owen Wingrave (1971), Man on the Moon (2006) Menotti, Martinů, Sutermeister, Britten [34]
Tonadilla Spanish Literally, "little tune". 18th century miniature satirical genre, for one or more singer, that developed out of the sainete. Performed in between longer works. La mesonera y el arriero (Luis Misón, 1757) Antonio Guerrero, Misón, José Palomino [4]
Tragédie French alternative name for tragédie en musique [25]
Tragédie en musique French 17th/18th century lyric genre with themes from Classical mythology and the Italian epics of Tasso and Ariosto, not necessarily with tragic outcomes. Usually 5 acts, sometimes with a prologue. Short arias (petits airs) contrast with dialogue in recitative, with choral sections and dancing. Cadmus et Hermione (1673) Médée (1693), Scylla et Glaucus (1746) Lully, Marais, Montéclair, Campra, Rameau [4][25]
Tragédie lyrique French alternative name for tragédie en musique [25]
Tragédie mise en musique French alternative name for tragédie en musique [25]
Tragédie-opéra French alternative name for tragédie en musique [25]
Verismo Italian Late 19th/early 20th century opera movement inspired by literary naturalism and realism, and associated with Italian post-romanticism. Cavalleria rusticana (1890) Pagliacci (1892), Tosca (1900) Mascagni, Leoncavallo, Puccini, Giordano [4]
Volksmärchen German alternative name for Märchenoper. Das Donauweibchen (Kauer 1798) [11]
Zarzuela Spanish Dating back to the 17th century and forward to the present day, this form includes both singing and spoken dialogue, also dance. Local traditions are also found in Cuba and the Philippines. El Laurel de Apolo (Juan Hidalgo de Polanco, 1657) Doña Francisquita (1923), La dolorosa (1930), Luisa Fernanda (1932) Hidalgo, Barbieri [4]
Zauberoper German Literally, "magic opera". Late 18th and early 19th centuries, particularly associated with Vienna. Heavier, more formal work than Zauberposse, but also with spoken dialogue. Oberon, König der Elfen (Wranitzky, 1789) Die Zauberflöte (1791), Das Donauweibchen, (Kauer, 1798) Kauer, Müller, Schubert [4]
Zauberposse German Specialized form of Posse mit Gesang concentrating on magic. Der Barometermacher auf der Zauberinsel (Müller 1823) Müller [4]
Zeitoper (plural Zeitopern) German Literally, "opera of the times". 1920s, early 1930s genre, using contemporary settings and characters, including references to modern technology and popular music. Jonny spielt auf (1927), Neues vom Tage (1929) Krenek, Weill, Hindemith [35]
Zwischenspiel German German name for intermezzo Pimpinone (1725) [4]

See also edit

The following cover other forms of entertainment that existed around the time of the appearance of the first operas in Italy at the end of the 16th century, which were influential in the development of the art form:

References edit

  1. ^ For example, Don Giovanni is regularly referred to as both a dramma giocoso and an opera buffa; Mozart himself called the work an opera buffa.
  2. ^ a b McClymonds, Marita P and Heartz, Daniel: "Opera seria" in The New Grove Dictionary of Opera, ed. Stanley Sadie (London, 1992) ISBN 0-333-73432-7
  3. ^ "A general name for an operatic work in which the prevailing mood is one of comedy." Warrack John; Ewan West, The Oxford Dictionary of Opera, (1992), ISBN 0-19-869164-5
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg Warrack, John and West, Ewan (1992), The Oxford Dictionary of Opera, 782 pages, ISBN 0-19-869164-5
  5. ^ Sadler, Graham: Rameau, Jean-Philippe in The New Grove Dictionary of Opera, ed. Stanley Sadie (London, 1992) ISBN 0-333-73432-7
  6. ^ a b c d e f Weiss, Piero and Budden, Julian (1992): "Opera buffa" in The New Grove Dictionary of Opera, ed. Stanley Sadie (London) ISBN 0-333-73432-7
  7. ^ Mozart's Don Giovanni, a typical dramma giocoso, was called an opera buffa.
  8. ^ Dent, Edward J. "The Nomenclature of Opera-I", Music & Letters, Vol. 25, No. 3 (July 1944), pp. 132–140 (subscription required)
  9. ^ Bartlet, M Elizabeth C: Fait historique in The New Grove Dictionary of Opera, ed. Stanley Sadie (London, 1992) ISBN 0-333-73432-7
  10. ^ a b Bryant, David (1992): Farsa in The New Grove Dictionary of Opera, ed. Stanley Sadie (London) ISBN 0-333-73432-7
  11. ^ a b c d Millington, Barry: Märchenoper in The New Grove Dictionary of Opera, ed. Stanley Sadie (London, 1992) ISBN 0-333-73432-7
  12. ^ Taruskin, Richard: Sacred opera in The New Grove Dictionary of Opera, ed. Stanley Sadie (London, 1992) ISBN 0-333-73432-7
  13. ^ Troy, Charles E and Weiss, Piero (1992), "Intermezzo" in The New Grove Dictionary of Opera, ed. Stanley Sadie (London) ISBN 0-333-73432-7
  14. ^ Branscombe, Peter (1992), "Liederspiel" in The New Grove Dictionary of Opera, ed. Stanley Sadie (London) ISBN 0-333-73432-7
  15. ^ Budden, Julian: "Melodramma" in The New Grove Dictionary of Opera, ed. Stanley Sadie (London, 1992) ISBN 0-333-73432-7
  16. ^ a b Millington, Barry: Music drama in The New Grove Dictionary of Opera, ed. Stanley Sadie (London, 1992) ISBN 0-333-73432-7
  17. ^ a b Bartlet, M Elizabeth C: Opéra in The New Grove Dictionary of Opera, ed. Stanley Sadie (London, 1992) ISBN 0-333-73432-7
  18. ^ Sadie, Stanley (ed) (1992), 'Opera ballo' in The New Grove Dictionary of Opera, ed. Stanley Sadie (London) ISBN 0-333-73432-7
  19. ^ Bartlet, M Elizabeth C: Opéra bouffe in The New Grove Dictionary of Opera, ed. Stanley Sadie (London, 1992) ISBN 0-333-73432-7
  20. ^ Bartlet, M Elizabeth C: Opéra bouffon in The New Grove Dictionary of Opera, ed. Stanley Sadie (London, 1992) ISBN 0-333-73432-7
  21. ^ Hobart Chatfield Chatfield-Taylor, Pietro Longhi (1913). Goldoni: A Biography. Duffield & Co. ISBN 9780795018343.
  22. ^ Osborne, Charles, (1994), The Bel Canto Operas of Rossini, Donizetti, and Bellini, Portland, Oregon: Amadeus Press. ISBN 0-931340-71-3
  23. ^ Bartlet, M Elizabeth C: Opéra féerie in The New Grove Dictionary of Opera, ed. Stanley Sadie (London, 1992) ISBN 0-333-73432-7
  24. ^ Budden, Julian: "Opera semiseria" in The New Grove Dictionary of Opera, ed. Stanley Sadie (London, 1992) ISBN 0-333-73432-7
  25. ^ a b c d e f Sadler, Graham (1992), "Tragédie en musique" in The New Grove Dictionary of Opera, ed. Stanley Sadie (London) ISBN 0-333-73432-7
  26. ^ a b c d e Lamb, Andrew (1992), "Operetta" in The New Grove Dictionary of Opera, ed. Stanley Sadie (London) ISBN 0-333-73432-7
  27. ^ Sadie, Stanley ed. (1992), "Pastorale-héroïque" in The New Grove Dictionary of Opera, ISBN 0-333-73432-7
  28. ^ Salter, Lionel (1992), "Radio" in The New Grove Dictionary of Opera, ed. Stanley Sadie (London) ISBN 0-333-73432-7
  29. ^ a b Smither, Howard E (1992), "Sepolcro" in The New Grove Dictionary of Opera, ed. Stanley Sadie (London) ISBN 0-333-73432-7
  30. ^ a b c Alier, Roger (1992), "Sainete" in The New Grove Dictionary of Opera, ed. Stanley Sadie (London) ISBN 0-333-73432-7
  31. ^ a b Kennedy, Michael (2006), The Oxford Dictionary of Music, 985 pages, ISBN 0-19-861459-4
  32. ^ a b Bauman, Thomas (1992), "Singspiel" in The New Grove Dictionary of Opera, ed. Stanley Sadie (London) ISBN 0-333-73432-7
  33. ^ Kemp, Ian (1992), Schuloper" in The New Grove Dictionary of Opera, ed. Stanley Sadie (London) ISBN 0-333-73432-7
  34. ^ Salter, Lionel (1992), "Television" in The New Grove Dictionary of Opera, ed. Stanley Sadie (London) ISBN 0-333-73432-7
  35. ^ Sadie, Stanley (ed) (1992), "Zeitoper" in The New Grove Dictionary of Opera, ed. Stanley Sadie (London) ISBN 0-333-73432-7

April 10, 2024
list, opera, genres, this, glossary, list, opera, genres, giving, alternative, names, paris, foire, germain, 1763, after, fire, 1762nicolet, theatre, foire, laurent, 1786in, early, 18th, century, théâtre, foire, paris, collective, name, theatres, annual, fairs. This is a glossary list of opera genres giving alternative names The Paris foire St Germain c 1763 after the fire of 1762Nicolet s theatre at the foire St Laurent c 1786In the early 18th century the Theatre de la foire in Paris a collective name for the theatres at the annual fairs at St Germain St Laurent see illustration above and later St Ovide offered performances with both music and spoken dialogue First called comedie en vaudeville these developed into the opera comique The Theatre de la foire appeared in London in the 1720s to be imitated in the form of the English ballad opera which in turn stimulated the creation of the German Singspiel Opera is an Italian word short for opera in musica it was not at first commonly used in Italy or in other countries to refer to the genre of particular works Most composers used more precise designations to present their work to the public Often specific genres of opera were commissioned by theatres or patrons in which case the form of the work might deviate more or less from the genre norm depending on the inclination of the composer Opera genres are not exclusive Some operas are regarded as belonging to several 1 Contents 1 Definitions 2 List 3 See also 4 ReferencesDefinitions editOpera genres have been defined in different ways not always in terms of stylistic rules Some like opera seria refer to traditions identified by later historians 2 and others like Zeitoper have been defined by their own inventors Other forms have been associated with a particular theatre for example opera comique at the theatre of the same name or opera bouffe at the Theatre des Bouffes Parisiens This list does not include terms that are vague and merely descriptive such as comic opera 3 sacred opera tragic opera or one act opera etc Original language terms are given to avoid the ambiguities that would be caused by English translations List editGenre Language Description First known example Major works Last known example Notable composers Refs Acte de ballet French An opera ballet consisting of a single entree 18th century Les fetes de Ramire 1745 Anacreon 1754 Rameau 4 Afterpiece English 18th 19th century short opera or pantomime performed after a full length play The Padlock 1768 Dibdin 4 Azione sacra Italian Literally sacred action 17th and early 18th century opera with religious subject Performed at Vienna court L humanita redenta Draghi 1669 Draghi Bertali Pietro Andrea Ziani Giovanni Battista Pederzuoli Cesti 4 Azione sepolcrale Italian alternative name for azione sacra 4 Azione scenica Italian alternative name for azione teatrale Al gran sole carico d amore 1975 4 Azione teatrale plural azioni teatrali Italian Small scale one act opera or musical play Early form of chamber opera Popular in late 17th and 18th centuries See also festa teatrale a similar genre but on a larger scale Le cinesi 1754 Il sogno di Scipione 1772 L isola disabitata 1779 Bonno Gluck Mozart Haydn 4 Ballad opera English Entertainment originating in 18th century London as a reaction against Italian opera Early examples used existing popular ballad tunes set to satirical texts Also popular in Dublin and America Influenced the German Singspiel and subsequently 20th century opera The Beggar s Opera 1728 Love in a Village 1762 Hugh the Drover 1924 The Threepenny Opera 1928 Pepusch Coffey Arne Weill 4 Ballet heroique French Literally heroic ballet A type of opera ballet featuring the heroic and exotic of the early mid 18th century Les festes grecques et romaines Colin de Blamont 1723 Zaide reine de Grenade 1739 Les fetes de Paphos 1758 Royer Mondonville Mion 4 Buhnenfestspiel German Literally stage festival play Wagner s description of the four operas of Der Ring des Nibelungen Wagner 4 Buhnenweihfestspiel German Literally stage consecration festival play Wagner s description for Parsifal Wagner 4 Burla Italian alternative name for burletta 4 Burletta Italian Literally little joke Informal term for comic pieces in the 18th century Used in England for intermezzos and light satirical works The Recruiting Serjeant 1770 Dibdin 4 Burletta per musica Italian alternative name for burletta Il vero originale Mayr 1808 Burlettina Italian alternative name for burletta 4 Characterposse German Specialized form of Posse mit Gesang concentrating on personalities 4 Comedie en vaudeville French Entertainment in Paris fair theatres at the end of the 17th century mixing popular vaudeville songs with comedy In the 18th century developed into the opera comique while influencing directly the English ballad opera and indirectly the German Singspiel Comedie lyrique French Literally lyric comedy 18th century description used by Rameau 19th century alternative name for opera lyrique Platee 1745 Les Paladins 1760 Rameau 5 Comedie melee d ariettes French Literally comedy mixed with brief arias An early form of French opera comique dating to the mid 18th century La rencontre imprevue 1764 Tom Jones 1765 Le deserteur 1769 Zemire et Azor 1771 Le congres des rois Cherubini et al 1794 Gluck GretryCommedia Italian abbreviation of commedia in musica Il barbiere di Siviglia 1816 Commedia in musica Italian alternative name for opera buffa 6 Commedia per musica Italian alternative name for opera buffa La pastorella nobile 1788 6 Componimento da camera Italian alternative name for azione teatrale 4 Componimento drammatico Italian alternative name for azione teatrale 4 Componimento pastorale Italian alternative name for azione teatrale La danza Gluck 1755 Gluck 4 Conte lyrique French alternative name for opera lyrique Griselidis Massenet 1901 4 Divertimento giocoso Italian alternative name for opera buffa 6 Dramatic or dramatick opera English alternative name for semi operaDrame forain French alternative name for Comedie en vaudeville 4 Drame lyrique French Literally lyric drama 1 Term used in the 18th century 2 Reinvented in the late 19th early 20th century to describe opera that developed out of opera comique influenced by Massenet Echo et Narcisse 1779 La marquise de Brinvilliers 1831 Werther 1892 Briseis 1897 Messidor 1897 Gluck Chabrier Bruneau Erlanger 4 Dramma bernesco Italian alternative name for opera buffa 6 Dramma comico Italian alternative name for opera buffa 18th early 19th century Also used for the genre that replaced it from mid 19th century with the elimination of recitatives 6 Dramma comico per musica Italian alternative name for dramma comicoDramma di sentimento Italian alternative name for opera semiseria 4 Dramma eroicomico Italian Literally heroic comic drama A late 18th century opera buffa with some heroic content Orlando paladino 1782 Palmira regina di Persia 1795 Haydn Salieri 4 Dramma giocoso plural drammi giocosi Italian Literally jocular drama Mid 18th century form that developed out of the opera buffa marked by the addition of serious even tragic roles and situations to the comic ones Effectively a subgenre of opera buffa in the 18th century 7 La scuola de gelosi 1778 La vera costanza 1779 Il viaggio a Reims 1825 Haydn Mozart Salieri Sarti Rossini Donizetti 4 Dramma giocoso per musica Italian full term for dramma giocosoDramma pastorale Italian Literally pastoral drama Used for some of the earliest operas down to the 18th century Eumelio Agazzari 1606 La fede riconosciuta A Scarlatti 1710 A Scarlatti Sarti 4 Dramma per musica plural drammi per musica Italian Literally drama for music or a play intended to be set to music i e a libretto Later synonymous with opera seria and dramma serio per musica 8 in the 19th century sometimes used for serious opera Erismena 1656 Tito Manlio 1719 Paride ed Elena 1770 Idomeneo 1781 Rossini s Otello 1816 A Scarlatti Cavalli Vivaldi Sarti Gluck Mozart 4 Dramma semiserio Italian alternative name for opera semiseria Torvaldo e Dorliska 1815 Dramma tragicomico Italian alternative name for opera semiseria Axur re d Ormus 1787 4 Entr acte French French name for intermezzo 4 Episode lyrique French alternative name for opera lyrique 4 Fait historique French Late 18th 19th century Opera or opera comique based on French history especially popular during the French Revolution L incendie du Havre 1786 Joseph Barra Gretry 1794 Le pont de Lody Mehul 1797 Milton 1804 Gretry Mehul Spontini 4 9 Farsa plural farse Italian Literally farce A form of one act opera sometimes with dancing associated with Venice especially the Teatro San Moise in the late 18th and early 19th centuries La cambiale di matrimonio 1810 L inganno felice 1812 La scala di seta 1812 Il signor Bruschino 1813 Adina 1818 Rossini 10 Farsetta Italian alternative name for farsa 10 Feenmarchen German alternative name for Marchenoper 11 Favola in musica Italian Earliest form of opera Dafne 1598 L Orfeo 1607 MonteverdiFesta teatrale Italian A grander version of the azione teatrale An opera given as part of a court celebration of a marriage etc Typically associated with Vienna Il pomo d oro Cesti 1668 Draghi Fux Caldara 4 Geistliche Oper German Literally sacred opera Genre invented by the Russian composer Anton Rubinstein for his German language staged opera oratorios Das verlorene Paradies Rubinstein 1856 Der Thurm zu Babel 1870 Sulamith 1883 Moses 1894 Christus Rubinstein 1895 Rubinstein 12 Genero chico Spanish Literally little genre A type of zarzuela differing from zarzuela grande by its brevity and popular appeal Ruperto ChapiGenero grande Spanish alternative name for zarzuela grandeGrand opera French 19th century genre usually with 4 or 5 acts large scale casts and orchestras and spectacular staging often based on historical themes Particularly associated with the Paris Opera 1820s to c 1850 but similar works were created in other countries La muette de Portici 1828 Robert le diable 1831 La Juive 1835 Les Huguenots 1836 Patrie Paladilhe 1886 Meyerbeer Halevy VerdiHandlung German Literally action or drama Wagner s description for Tristan und Isolde WagnerIntermezzo Italian Comic relief inserted between acts of opere serie in the early 18th century typically involving slapstick disguises etc Spread throughout Europe In the 1730s Predated Opera buffa Frappolone e Florinetta Gasparini 1706 La serva padrona 1733 Pergolesi Hasse 13 Liederspiel German Literally song play Early 19th century genre in which existing lyrics often well known were set to new music and inserted into a spoken play Lieb und Treue Reichardt 1800 Kunst und Liebe Reichardt 1807 Reichardt Lindpaintner 14 Lokalposse German Specialized form of Posse mit Gesang concentrating on daily life themes associated with the playwright Karl von Marinelli 4 Marchenoper German Fairy tale opera a genre of 19th century opera usually with a supernatural theme Similar to Zauberoper Hansel und Gretel 1893 Humperdinck Siegfried Wagner 11 Marchenspiel German alternative name for Marchenoper 11 Melodramma Italian 19th century General term for opera sometimes used instead of more specific genres 15 Melodramma serio Italian alternative name for opera seriaMusikdrama German Term associated with the later operas of Wagner but repudiated by him 16 Nevertheless widely used by post Wagnerian composers Tiefland 1903 Salome 1905 Der Golem d Albert 1926 d Albert Richard Strauss 4 16 Opera French Referring to individual works 1 18th century Occasionally used for operas outside specific standard genres 2 19th 20th century an opera is a French lyric stage work sung throughout 17 in contrast to an opera comique that mixed singing with spoken dialogue Opera which included grand opera was associated with the Paris Opera the Opera Also used for some works with a serious tone at the Opera Comique Nais 1749 Fernand Cortez 1809 Moise et Pharaon 1827 Les vepres siciliennes 1855 Romeo et Juliette 1867 Gretry Spontini Rossini Verdi Gounod 17 Opera ballet French Genre with more dancing than tragedie en musique Usually with a prologue and a number of self contained acts called entrees following a theme L Europe galante 1697 Les elemens 1721 Les Indes galantes 1735 Les fetes d Hebe 1739 Destouches Rameau 4 Opera ballo Italian 19th century Italian grand opera Il Guarany 1870 Aida 1871 La Gioconda opera 1876 Gomes Verdi Ponchielli 18 Opera buffa plural opere buffe Italian Major genre of comic opera in the 18th and early 19th centuries Originating in Naples especially the Teatro dei Fiorentini its popularity spread during the 1730s notably to Venice where development was influenced by the playwright librettist Goldoni Typically in three acts unlike the intermezzo Contrasting in style subject matter and the use of dialect with the formal aristocratic opera seria La Cilla Michelangelo Faggioli 1706 Li zite ngalera 1722 Il filosofo di campagna Galuppi 1754 La buona figliuola 1760 Le nozze di Figaro 1786 Il barbiere di Siviglia 1816 Don Pasquale 1843 Crispino e la comare 1850 Don Procopio 1859 Vinci Pergolesi Galuppi Duni Piccinni Sacchini Salieri Mozart Rossini 6 Opera bouffe plural operas bouffes French Comic genre of operette including satire parody and farce Closely connected with Offenbach and the Theatre des Bouffes Parisiens where most of them were produced Orphee aux enfers 1858 La belle Helene 1864 La Grande Duchesse de Gerolstein 1867 La Perichole 1868 Les mamelles de Tiresias 1947 Offenbach Herve Lecocq 19 Opera bouffon French Opera buffa as performed in 18th century France either in the original language or in translation Sometimes confused with opera comique Le roi Theodore a Venise Paisiello 1786 20 Opera comique plural operas comiques French Literally comic opera Genre including arias a certain amount of spoken dialogue and sometimes recitatives Closely associated with works written for the Paris Opera Comique Themes included were serious and tragic as well as light Tradition developed from popular early 18th century comedies en vaudevilles and lasted into 20th century with many changes in style Telemaque Jean Claude Gillier 1715 Les troqueurs 1753 La dame blanche 1825 Carmen 1875 Lakme 1883 Philidor Monsigny Gretry Boieldieu Auber 4 Opera comique en vaudeville French alternative name for comedie en vaudevilleOpera eroica Italian 17th 18th 19th century genre which translates as heroic opera It mixed serious and romantic drama with improvised comedy 21 Enrico di Borgogna 1818 22 Opera feerie plural operas feeries French 18th 19th century genre of works based on fairy tales often involving magic Zemire et Azor 1771 Cendrillon 1810 La belle au bois dormant 1825 Carafa Isouard 23 Opera lyrique French Literally lyric opera Late 18th 19th century less grandiose than grand opera but without the spoken dialogue of opera comique Term applied more to the genre as a whole than individual operas Gounod Ambroise Thomas Massenet 4 Opera oratorio Oedipe roi 1927 Jeanne d Arc au bucher 1938 Milhaud Honegger StravinskyOpera semiseria Italian Literally semi serious opera Early mid 19th century genre employing comedy but also unlike opera buffa pathos often with a pastoral setting Typically included a basso buffo role Camilla Paer 1799 La gazza ladra 1817 Linda di Chamounix 1842 Violetta Mercadante 1853 Paer Rossini Donizetti 24 Opera seria plural opere serie Italian Literally serious opera Dominant style of opera in the 18th century not only in Italy but throughout Europe except France Rigorously formal works using texts mainly based on ancient history by poet librettists led by Metastasio Patronized by the court and the nobility Star singers were often castrati Griselda 1721 Cleofide Hasse 1731 Ariodante 1735 Alceste 1767 La clemenza di Tito 1791 Alessandro Scarlatti Vivaldi Hasse Handel Gluck Mozart 4 2 Opera tragedie French alternative name for tragedie en musique 25 Operetta English from Italian Literally little opera Derived from English versions of Offenbach s operas bouffes performed in London in the 1860s Some of the earliest native operettas in English were written by Frederic Clay and Sullivan W S Gilbert and Sullivan wished to distinguish their joint works from continental operetta and later called them comic operas or Savoy operas Cox and Box 1866 Princess Toto 1876 Rip Van Winkle 1882 Naughty Marietta 1910 Monsieur Beaucaire 1919 The Student Prince 1924 The Vagabond King 1925 Candide 1956 Sullivan Herbert Romberg Friml Leonard Bernstein 26 Operette plural operettes French French operetta Original genre of light both of music and subject matter opera that grew out of the French opera comique in the mid 19th century Associated with the style of the Second Empire by the works of Offenbach though his best known examples are designated subgenerically as operas bouffes L ours et le pacha Herve 1842 Madame Papillon Offenbach 1855 Les mousquetaires au couvent 1880 Les p tites Michu 1897 Ciboulette 1923 Herve Offenbach Varney Messager Hahn 26 Operette bouffe French Subgenre of French operette La bonne d enfant 1856 M Choufleuri restera chez lui le 1861 Offenbach 26 Operette vaudeville or vaudeville operette French Subgenre of French operette L ours et le pacha Herve 1842 Mam zelle Nitouche 1883 Herve Victor Roger 26 Operette plural operetten German German operetta Popular Viennese genre during the 19th and 20th centuries created under the influence of Offenbach and spread to Berlin Budapest and other German and east European cities Das Pensionat Suppe 1860 Die Fledermaus 1874 The Merry Widow 1905 Das Land des Lachelns 1929 Fruhjahrsparade Robert Stolz 1964 Johann Strauss II Lehar Oscar Straus 26 Pasticcio Italian Literally a pie or a hotchpotch An adaptation or localization of an existing work that is loose unauthorized or inauthentic Also used for a single work by a number of different composers particularly in early 18th century London Thomyris Pepusch Bononcini Scarlatti Gasparini Albinoni 1707 Muzio Scevola 1721 Ivanhoe 1826 Handel Vivaldi 4 Piece lyrique French alternative name for opera lyrique 4 Pastorale heroique French Type of ballet heroique opera ballet Usually in three acts with an allegorical prologue that typically drew on classical themes associated with pastoral poetry Acis et Galatee 1686 Isse 1697 Zais 1748 Nais 1749 Lully Rameau 27 Posse German alternative name for Posse mit Gesang 4 Posse mit Gesang plural Possen mit Gesang German Literally farce with singing Popular entertainment of late 18th early 19th centuries associated with Vienna Berlin and Hamburg Similar to the Singspiel but with more action and less music Re invented in the early 20th century by Walter Kollo and others Der Alpenkonig und der Menschenfeind Raimund 1828 Filmzauber 1912 Kreutzer Muller Schubert Walter Kollo 4 Possenspiel German early name for Posse mit Gesang 4 Possenspil German early name for Posse mit Gesang 4 Radio opera English Works written specifically for the medium of radio The Red Pen 1925 The Willow Tree Cadman 1932 Die schwarze Spinne Sutermeister 1936 Comedy on the Bridge 1937 The Old Maid and the Thief 1939 Il prigioniero 1949 I due timidi 1950 Martinu Sutermeister Menotti Dallapiccola Rota 28 Rappresentazione sacra Italian alternative name for azione sacra 29 Rescue opera French Early nineteenth century transitional genre between opera comique Romantic opera and grand opera featuring the rescue of a main character called opera a sauvetage in French and Rettunsoper or Befreiungsoper in German also Schrekensoper Les rigueurs du cloitre Henri Montan Berton 1790 or Lodoiska 1791 some antecedents whose inclusion in the genre is debated Fidelio Lodoiska Les deux journees Dalibor 1868 Cherubini Dalayrac Le Sueur 4 Romantische Oper German Early 19th century German genre derived from earlier French operas comiques dealing with German themes of nature the supernatural folklore etc Spoken dialogue originally included with musical numbers was eventually eliminated in works by Richard Wagner Der Freischutz 1821 Hans Heiling 1833 Undine 1845 Tannhauser 1845 Lohengrin 1850 Weber Marschner Lortzing Wagner 4 Sainete Spanish Literally farce or titbit 17th 18th century genre of comic opera similar to the Italian intermezzo performed together with larger works Popular in Madrid in the latter 18th century During the 19th century the Sainete was synonymous with genero chico Il mago 1632 Pablo Esteve Soler Antonio Rosales 4 30 Sainetillo Spanish Diminutive of sainete 30 Savoy opera English 19th century form of operetta 31 sometimes referred to as a form of comic opera to distance the English genre from the continental comprising the works of Gilbert and Sullivan and other works from 1877 to 1903 that played at the Opera Comique and then the Savoy Theatre in London These influenced the rise of musical theatre Trial by Jury 1875 H M S Pinafore 1878 The Pirates of Penzance 1880 The Mikado 1885 The Gondoliers 1889 Merrie England 1902 A Princess of Kensington 1903 Sullivan Solomon German 31 Saynete French French for sainete Description used for a particular style of operette in the 19th century La caravane de l amour Herve 1854 Le reve d une nuit d ete Offenbach 1855 Le valet de coeur Planquette 1875 Herve Offenbach Planquette 30 Schauspiel mit Gesang German Literally play with singing Term used by Goethe for his early libretti though he called them Singspiele when revising them Erwin und Elmire Goethe 1775 Liebe nur begluckt Reichardt 1781 Die Teufels Muhle am Wienerberg Muller 1799 32 Schuloper German Literally school opera Early 20th century opera created for performance by school children Der Jasager 1930 Wir bauen eine Stadt Hindemith 1930 Weill Hindemith 33 Semi opera English Early form of opera with singing speaking and dancing roles Popular between 1673 and 1710 The Tempest Betterton 1674 Psyche 1675 King Arthur 1691 The Fairy Queen 1692 Purcell 4 Sepolcro Italian Azione sacra on the subject of the passion and crucifixion of Christ Draghi 29 Serenata Italian Literally evening song Short opera performed at court for celebrations similar to the azione teatrale Also used to refer to serenades Acis and Galatea 1720 Il Parnaso confuso Gluck 1765 Handel Gluck 4 Singspiel plural Singspiele German Literally sing play Popular genre of the 18th 19th centuries though the term is also found as early as the 16th century Derived originally from translations of English ballad operas but also influenced by French opera comique Spoken dialogue combined with ensembles folk coloured ballads and arias Originally performed by traveling troupes Plots generally comic or romantic often including magic Developed into German rescue opera and romantische Oper Der Teufel ist los Johann Georg Standfuss 1752 Die verwandelten Weiber 1766 Die Jagd 1770 Die Entfuhrung aus dem Serail 1782 Abu Hassan 1811 Hiller Mozart Weber 4 32 Situationsposse German Specialized form of Posse mit Gesang concentrating on social situations 4 Songspiel German Literally song play Song being the English word as used in German e g by Brecht etc Term invented by Kurt Weill to update the concept of Singspiel Mahagonny Songspiel 1927 Kurt Weill 4 Spieloper German Literally opera play 19th century light opera genre derived from Singspiel and to a lesser extent opera comique containing spoken dialogue Spieltenor and Spielbass are specialized voice types connected with the genre Zar und Zimmermann 1837 The Merry Wives of Windsor 1849 Lortzing Nicolai 4 Syngespil Danish Local form of Singspiel Late 18th 19th century Soliman den Anden Sarti 1770 Holger Danske 1787 Hostgildet Schulz 1790 Sarti Schulz Kunzen 4 Television opera English Works written specifically for the medium of television Amahl and the Night Visitors 1951 The Marriage 1953 Owen Wingrave 1971 Man on the Moon 2006 Menotti Martinu Sutermeister Britten 34 Tonadilla Spanish Literally little tune 18th century miniature satirical genre for one or more singer that developed out of the sainete Performed in between longer works La mesonera y el arriero Luis Mison 1757 Antonio Guerrero Mison Jose Palomino 4 Tragedie French alternative name for tragedie en musique 25 Tragedie en musique French 17th 18th century lyric genre with themes from Classical mythology and the Italian epics of Tasso and Ariosto not necessarily with tragic outcomes Usually 5 acts sometimes with a prologue Short arias petits airs contrast with dialogue in recitative with choral sections and dancing Cadmus et Hermione 1673 Medee 1693 Scylla et Glaucus 1746 Lully Marais Monteclair Campra Rameau 4 25 Tragedie lyrique French alternative name for tragedie en musique 25 Tragedie mise en musique French alternative name for tragedie en musique 25 Tragedie opera French alternative name for tragedie en musique 25 Verismo Italian Late 19th early 20th century opera movement inspired by literary naturalism and realism and associated with Italian post romanticism Cavalleria rusticana 1890 Pagliacci 1892 Tosca 1900 Mascagni Leoncavallo Puccini Giordano 4 Volksmarchen German alternative name for Marchenoper Das Donauweibchen Kauer 1798 11 Zarzuela Spanish Dating back to the 17th century and forward to the present day this form includes both singing and spoken dialogue also dance Local traditions are also found in Cuba and the Philippines El Laurel de Apolo Juan Hidalgo de Polanco 1657 Dona Francisquita 1923 La dolorosa 1930 Luisa Fernanda 1932 Hidalgo Barbieri 4 Zauberoper German Literally magic opera Late 18th and early 19th centuries particularly associated with Vienna Heavier more formal work than Zauberposse but also with spoken dialogue Oberon Konig der Elfen Wranitzky 1789 Die Zauberflote 1791 Das Donauweibchen Kauer 1798 Kauer Muller Schubert 4 Zauberposse German Specialized form of Posse mit Gesang concentrating on magic Der Barometermacher auf der Zauberinsel Muller 1823 Muller 4 Zeitoper plural Zeitopern German Literally opera of the times 1920s early 1930s genre using contemporary settings and characters including references to modern technology and popular music Jonny spielt auf 1927 Neues vom Tage 1929 Krenek Weill Hindemith 35 Zwischenspiel German German name for intermezzo Pimpinone 1725 4 See also editOperas by genreThe following cover other forms of entertainment that existed around the time of the appearance of the first operas in Italy at the end of the 16th century which were influential in the development of the art form Intermedio Masque Madrigale concertato Madrigal comedyReferences edit For example Don Giovanni is regularly referred to as both a dramma giocoso and an opera buffa Mozart himself called the work an opera buffa a b McClymonds Marita P and Heartz Daniel Opera seria in The New Grove Dictionary of Opera ed Stanley Sadie London 1992 ISBN 0 333 73432 7 A general name for an operatic work in which the prevailing mood is one of comedy Warrack John Ewan West The Oxford Dictionary of Opera 1992 ISBN 0 19 869164 5 a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg Warrack John and West Ewan 1992 The Oxford Dictionary of Opera 782 pages ISBN 0 19 869164 5 Sadler Graham Rameau Jean Philippe in The New Grove Dictionary of Opera ed Stanley Sadie London 1992 ISBN 0 333 73432 7 a b c d e f Weiss Piero and Budden Julian 1992 Opera buffa in The New Grove Dictionary of Opera ed Stanley Sadie London ISBN 0 333 73432 7 Mozart s Don Giovanni a typical dramma giocoso was called an opera buffa Dent Edward J The Nomenclature of Opera I Music amp Letters Vol 25 No 3 July 1944 pp 132 140 subscription required Bartlet M Elizabeth C Fait historique in The New Grove Dictionary of Opera ed Stanley Sadie London 1992 ISBN 0 333 73432 7 a b Bryant David 1992 Farsa in The New Grove Dictionary of Opera ed Stanley Sadie London ISBN 0 333 73432 7 a b c d Millington Barry Marchenoper in The New Grove Dictionary of Opera ed Stanley Sadie London 1992 ISBN 0 333 73432 7 Taruskin Richard Sacred opera in The New Grove Dictionary of Opera ed Stanley Sadie London 1992 ISBN 0 333 73432 7 Troy Charles E and Weiss Piero 1992 Intermezzo in The New Grove Dictionary of Opera ed Stanley Sadie London ISBN 0 333 73432 7 Branscombe Peter 1992 Liederspiel in The New Grove Dictionary of Opera ed Stanley Sadie London ISBN 0 333 73432 7 Budden Julian Melodramma in The New Grove Dictionary of Opera ed Stanley Sadie London 1992 ISBN 0 333 73432 7 a b Millington Barry Music drama in The New Grove Dictionary of Opera ed Stanley Sadie London 1992 ISBN 0 333 73432 7 a b Bartlet M Elizabeth C Opera in The New Grove Dictionary of Opera ed Stanley Sadie London 1992 ISBN 0 333 73432 7 Sadie Stanley ed 1992 Opera ballo in The New Grove Dictionary of Opera ed Stanley Sadie London ISBN 0 333 73432 7 Bartlet M Elizabeth C Opera bouffe in The New Grove Dictionary of Opera ed Stanley Sadie London 1992 ISBN 0 333 73432 7 Bartlet M Elizabeth C Opera bouffon in The New Grove Dictionary of Opera ed Stanley Sadie London 1992 ISBN 0 333 73432 7 Hobart Chatfield Chatfield Taylor Pietro Longhi 1913 Goldoni A Biography Duffield amp Co ISBN 9780795018343 Osborne Charles 1994 The Bel Canto Operas of Rossini Donizetti and Bellini Portland Oregon Amadeus Press ISBN 0 931340 71 3 Bartlet M Elizabeth C Opera feerie in The New Grove Dictionary of Opera ed Stanley Sadie London 1992 ISBN 0 333 73432 7 Budden Julian Opera semiseria in The New Grove Dictionary of Opera ed Stanley Sadie London 1992 ISBN 0 333 73432 7 a b c d e f Sadler Graham 1992 Tragedie en musique in The New Grove Dictionary of Opera ed Stanley Sadie London ISBN 0 333 73432 7 a b c d e Lamb Andrew 1992 Operetta in The New Grove Dictionary of Opera ed Stanley Sadie London ISBN 0 333 73432 7 Sadie Stanley ed 1992 Pastorale heroique in The New Grove Dictionary of Opera ISBN 0 333 73432 7 Salter Lionel 1992 Radio in The New Grove Dictionary of Opera ed Stanley Sadie London ISBN 0 333 73432 7 a b Smither Howard E 1992 Sepolcro in The New Grove Dictionary of Opera ed Stanley Sadie London ISBN 0 333 73432 7 a b c Alier Roger 1992 Sainete in The New Grove Dictionary of Opera ed Stanley Sadie London ISBN 0 333 73432 7 a b Kennedy Michael 2006 The Oxford Dictionary of Music 985 pages ISBN 0 19 861459 4 a b Bauman Thomas 1992 Singspiel in The New Grove Dictionary of Opera ed Stanley Sadie London ISBN 0 333 73432 7 Kemp Ian 1992 Schuloper in The New Grove Dictionary of Opera ed Stanley Sadie London ISBN 0 333 73432 7 Salter Lionel 1992 Television in The New Grove Dictionary of Opera ed Stanley Sadie London ISBN 0 333 73432 7 Sadie Stanley ed 1992 Zeitoper in The New Grove Dictionary of Opera ed Stanley Sadie London ISBN 0 333 73432 7 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title List of opera genres amp oldid 1192463181 Opera, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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