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Opera Comique

January 01, 1970

For other uses, see Opera comique.

The Opera Comique was a 19th-century theatre constructed in Westminster, London, located between Wych Street, Holywell Street and the Strand. It opened in 1870 and was demolished in 1902, to make way for the construction of the Aldwych and Kingsway.

Opera Comique
A 1901 postcard of Wych Street, shortly before its demolition
Address299 Strand
Westminster, London
Coordinates51°30′47″N 00°06′57″W / 51.51306°N 0.11583°W / 51.51306; -0.11583
DesignationDemolished
Current useSite occupied by Bush House
Construction
Opened1870
Closed1899
ArchitectF. H. Fowler

The theatre was built cheaply as a speculative venture, and was known as one of the "rickety twins" along with the adjacent Globe Theatre. Numerous managements presented plays in English, French and German, and the house was also used for extravaganzas and English versions of French opéras bouffes. It is best remembered as the theatre where several early Gilbert and Sullivan operas had their first runs, between 1877 and 1881.

History edit

Background and early years edit

In the 16th century Lyon's Inn, one of the Inns of Chancery attached to London's Inner Temple, stood on the site. By the 1860s the area had deteriorated greatly, and the old inn had been converted into what the historians Mander and Mitchenson describe as "dwellings of a dubious nature".[1] In 1864 part of the area was cleared, and the impresario Sefton Parry built a new theatre, the Globe, which opened in 1868.[2] He acquired an adjacent site, bounded by Wych Street, Holywell Street and the Strand, on which he built the Opera Comique two years later.[3] The architect was Francis Fowler.[4]

Parry's construction of the theatres was a speculative venture: he hoped to make large profits from compensation when the area was demolished, which was even then in contemplation.[1] It remained in contemplation for more than thirty years.[5] The two theatres, which backed on to each other, became known as "the rickety twins":[6] both were of such flimsy construction that performers could hear each other through the common wall.[7] Despite the nickname, the Opera Comique was by no means a twin of the Globe, being only about half the size, with a seating capacity of 862,[8] compared with more than 1,500 at the Globe.[9]

Another way in which the two theatres differed was that, unlike the Globe, the Opera Comique was largely underground. It was entered through tunnels from three streets (including the Strand) and was nicknamed the "Theatre Royal Tunnels".[3] It was reportedly draughty, and its long flight of stairs leading down to the level of the stalls was a dangerous fire hazard.[10] Despite this and the flimsy construction, the theatre attracted high praise from the press after it opened. The Era, commented, "For elegance of design and perfect adaptability to the requirements of dramatic art it is not surpassed, if indeed it be equalled, by any existing Theatre".[4] Another London journal reported:

We are almost inclined to pronounce it the prettiest theatre in London. It is in the flat horse-shoe form, the stage being well within sight and hearing of every part of the auditorium. This comprises rows of comfortable and elegant stalls on the floor, with three tiers or circles extending nearly round the house as dress-circle, family-circle, and amphitheatre, respectively, and six private boxes on either side of the stage. The design of construction reflects the highest credit on Mr F. H. Fowler, the architect, and the chaste and elegant decorations of Mr K. W. Bradwell deserve great praise.[11]

The theatre opened under the name "Royal Opera Comique" on 29 October 1870.[3] A company from the Théâtre Déjazet in Paris, led by the veteran actress Virginie Déjazet, presented Victorien Sardou's comedy Les Prés Saint-Gervais and two shorter pieces, to an audience that included the Prince of Wales.[4] The following year, French drama continued, when the Comédie-Française company made its first appearance outside France, an event that caused considerable interest.[12]

The first home-grown production at the theatre was a musical play in 1871, Marie, with music by Richard D'Oyly Carte and a libretto by E. Spencer Mott. This accompanied an English adaptation of Molière's Le Médecin malgré lui. The production was not a success.[13] Opéras bouffes by Hervé, Offenbach and Lecocq, and extravaganzas by F. C. Burnand followed.[14] After short seasons starring the Italian tragedienne Adelaide Ristori and then the English operetta star Emily Soldene, Carte became manager of the theatre in 1874, and presented The Broken Branch, an English version of Gaston Serpette's operetta La branch cassée, starring Pauline Rita.[15] Carte's first attempt to found "a permanent abode for Light Opera"[12] failed, and the theatre passed into other hands for the next three years.[12]

The word "Royal" was dropped from the name of the theatre in 1876.[3] Burnand and Charles Morton were both briefly managers there, presenting extravaganzas and comic operas respectively. Morton's season in 1876 included well-received productions of Offenbach's Madame l'archiduc and Lecocq's La fille de Madame Angot, featuring Soldene and Kate Santley and, in the second piece, W. S. Penley, promoted from the chorus. Morton also presented a successful double bill of Gilbert and Sullivan's Trial by Jury and Offenbach's Geneviève de Brabant.[14] After Morton a succession of managements between May 1876 and September 1877 staged productions that made little impact.[14]

Gilbert and Sullivan edit

 
1878 programme cover

In November 1877 the Comedy Opera Company, managed by Carte, took on the lease and staged the premiere of Gilbert and Sullivan's The Sorcerer. This was followed in 1878 by the same team's H.M.S. Pinafore, which became a hit, running for 571 performances, the second-longest theatrical run in history, to that date.[16] During the performance on 31 July 1879, Carte's former business partners in the Comedy Opera Company (with whom Carte, Gilbert and Sullivan had split) tried to seize the set, creating a celebrated fracas.[17] Over Christmas 1878, during the run of H.M.S. Pinafore, the theatre was renovated and redecorated by E. W. Bradwell, reopening on 1 February 1879. The Era commented, "We can hardly overpraise the beauty and grace of the Opera Comique as it now appears to the delighted audience."[18]

Two more Gilbert and Sullivan successes followed, now produced by the D'Oyly Carte Opera Company: The Pirates of Penzance (1880) and, finally, Patience (1881), which was later transferred to Carte's new and larger theatre, the Savoy.[19] During this period, Carte also presented various companion pieces with the Gilbert and Sullivan operas, including the 1877 revival of Dora's Dream by Arthur Cecil and Alfred Cellier; The Spectre Knight (1878); revivals of Trial by Jury; several pieces by George Grossmith beginning in 1878: Beauties on the Beach, A Silver Wedding, Five Hamlets, and Cups and Saucers; revivals of Gilbert's After All!;[18] a Children's Pinafore with an entirely juvenile cast (1878); In the Sulks (1880); and Uncle Samuel (1881).[20]

Later years edit

Once D'Oyly Carte left the Opera Comique the theatre's fortunes declined. It was unoccupied from October to the end of 1881.[14] At the start of 1882, John Hollingshead and Richard Barker presented Mother-in-Law, a frivolous comedy by George R. Sims, which ran in a double bill with a burlesque called Vulcan, until May. They were followed by a spoof called The Wreck of the Pinafore by H. Lingard and Luscombe Searelle, described by The Era as "curious and impudent", which ran until October.[14] During the rest of the 1880s a succession of managements presented a wide range of genres, from adaptations of French plays, Shakespeare, Sheridan, Ibsen, and a Dickens adaptation by the novelist's son, to musical shows, including The Fay o' Fire by Edward Jones and Henry Herman, which The Era later described as "notable as introducing Miss Marie Tempest to the regular stage".[14] Composers whose works were presented at the Opera Comique in this period included Julia Woolf, Meyer Lutz and Victor Roger. Performers included Nelly Bromley, Frank Wyatt, Johnston Forbes-Robertson, Julia Gwynne and Penley.[14]

 
1887 programme cover

The theatre was again renovated in 1885, under the proprietorship of the actor-manager, David James. The Era thought that the refurbishments made it "one of the most convenient, handsome, and acceptable places of entertainment in London".[21] James had bought adjoining premises in Holywell Street to make room for an extension to the theatre. The bars and circulation areas were, according to The Era, much improved, a spacious smoking room was added, and new emergency exits were installed.[21] In 1891, George Edwardes took on the management of the theatre and presented a burlesque of Joan of Arc by Adrian Ross, J. L. Shine and Frank Osmond Carr, with a cast including Arthur Roberts and Marion Hood. It was well received and ran from January to September.[14] After that, the theatre reverted to its pattern of rapidly changing productions and short-lived managements.[14]

A feature of the early 1890s was the frequent presentation of adaptations from, or original works by, novelists such as Henry James, Rudyard Kipling and George Moore.[14] A further season of French plays, performed in their original language, was followed by a German season, also given in the original, in 1894, which ran for more than two months.[14] In early 1895, "Nellie Farren started her unfortunate season here with a bad comedy … and a worse burlesque", according to The Era.[14] Later that year Augustus Harris presented Charles Villiers Stanford's comic opera Shamus O'Brien, which ran for two months, from March to May.[22] Osmond Carr's The Maid of Athens, ran for a month in June 1897, after which, said The Era, "nothing worthy of any record whatever has been attempted at this temple of the drama, which has had a singularly eccentric and mostly disastrous career."[14] A revival of a musical adaptation of Alice in Wonderland, with music by Walter Slaughter, opened for the Christmas season of 1898 and ran until mid-February 1899.[23] In March 1899, Horace Sedger announced a burlesque for the Opera Comique, Great Caesar, by Paul and Walter Rubens and George Grossmith Jr.,[24] but he changed his plans and presented it at the Comedy Theatre.[25]

The Opera Comique closed in 1899 and was compulsorily purchased by the London County Council for £40,000.[26] It was demolished in 1902 when the area was redeveloped to create Aldwych (named after old Wych Street) and Kingsway.[5]

References and sources edit

References edit

  1. ^ a b Mander and Mitchenson, p. 62
  2. ^ Mander and Mitchenson, p. 63
  3. ^ a b c d Mander and Mitchenson, p. 128
  4. ^ a b c "The New Opera Comique", The Era, 30 October 1870, p. 13
  5. ^ a b "Our London Correspondence", The Manchester Guardian, 17 October 1902, p. 4
  6. ^ Mander and Mitchenson, pp. 67 and 133
  7. ^ Goodman, p. 34
  8. ^ Wearing, J. P. "The London West End Theatre in the 1890s", Educational Theatre Journal, Vol. 29, No. 3 (October 1977), pp. 320–332 (subscription required) 9 June 2016 at the Wayback Machine
  9. ^ "The Globe Theatre", The Era, 29 November 1868, quoted in Mander and Mitchenson, pp. 63–64
  10. ^ "The Opera Comique, East Strand, London" 8 May 2009 at the Wayback Machine, Arthur Lloyd website. Retrieved 15 April 2020
  11. ^ "Opera Comique", The Examiner and London Review, 5 November 1870, p. 713
  12. ^ a b c Mander and Mitchenson, p. 131
  13. ^ Ainger, p. 92; and "Original Correspondence", The Era, 10 September 1871
  14. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m "The Opera Comique Theatre", The Era, 15 October 1898, p. 11
  15. ^ "Opera Comique!, The Graphic, 29 August 1874, p. 211; and "Opera Comique", The Pall Mall Gazette, 29 August 1874, p. 11
  16. ^ Gaye, p. 1532; and Gillan, Don. "Longest Running Plays in London and New York" 13 June 2020 at the Wayback Machine, StageBeauty.net. Retrieved 10 March 2009
  17. ^ "The Fracas at the Opera Comique", The Era, 10 August 1879, p. 5; "The Fracas at the Opera Comique", The Leeds Mercury, 13 August 1879, p. 8; and Gillan, Don. Account of the "Fracas at the Opera Comique" 23 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine
  18. ^ a b "Opera Comique" [dead link]. The Era, 9 February 1879, reprinted at The Gilbert and Sullivan Archive. Retrieved 8 July 2010
  19. ^ Rollins and Witts, pp. 1 and 8
  20. ^ Rollins and Witts, Appendix, p. IX
  21. ^ a b "The Opera Comique Theatre", The Era, 4 April 1885, p. 8
  22. ^ Wood, pp. 115–116
  23. ^ "Alice in Wonderland", The Pall Mall Gazette, 23 December 1898, p. 1; and "Tonight's Entertainment's", The Pall Mall Gazette, 16 February 1899, p. 1
  24. ^ "Theatrical Gossip", The Era, 11 March 1899, p. 12
  25. ^ "Theatrical Gossip", The Era, 25 March 1899, p. 12
  26. ^ The Pall Mall Gazette, 3 January 1900, p. 6

Sources edit

  • Ainger, Michael (2002). Gilbert and Sullivan – A Dual Biography. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-514769-8.
  • Gaye, Freda, ed. (1967). Who's Who in the Theatre (fourteenth ed.). London: Sir Isaac Pitman and Sons. OCLC 5997224.
  • Goodman, Andrew (1988). Gilbert and Sullivan's London. London: Spellmount. ISBN 978-0-946771-31-8.
  • Mander, Raymond; Joe Mitchenson (1976) [1968]. Lost Theatres of London (second ed.). London: New English Library. ISBN 978-0-450-02838-0.
  • Parker, John, ed. (1925). Who's Who in the Theatre (fifth ed.). London: Sir Isaac Pitman and Sons. OCLC 10013159.
  • Rollins, Cyril; R. John Witts (1962). The D'Oyly Carte Opera Company in Gilbert and Sullivan Operas: A Record of Productions, 1875–1961. London: Michael Joseph. OCLC 504581419.
  • Wood, Henry J (1938). My Life of Music. London: Victor Gollancz. OCLC 30533927.

External links edit

  • Information about the Opera Comique
  • Article on the Opera Comique and other London theatres
  • Profile of the theatre and other Victorian theatres

January 01, 1970
opera, comique, other, uses, opera, comique, 19th, century, theatre, constructed, westminster, london, located, between, wych, street, holywell, street, strand, opened, 1870, demolished, 1902, make, construction, aldwych, kingsway, 1901, postcard, wych, street. For other uses see Opera comique The Opera Comique was a 19th century theatre constructed in Westminster London located between Wych Street Holywell Street and the Strand It opened in 1870 and was demolished in 1902 to make way for the construction of the Aldwych and Kingsway Opera ComiqueA 1901 postcard of Wych Street shortly before its demolitionAddress299 StrandWestminster LondonCoordinates51 30 47 N 00 06 57 W 51 51306 N 0 11583 W 51 51306 0 11583DesignationDemolishedCurrent useSite occupied by Bush HouseConstructionOpened1870Closed1899ArchitectF H FowlerThe theatre was built cheaply as a speculative venture and was known as one of the rickety twins along with the adjacent Globe Theatre Numerous managements presented plays in English French and German and the house was also used for extravaganzas and English versions of French operas bouffes It is best remembered as the theatre where several early Gilbert and Sullivan operas had their first runs between 1877 and 1881 Contents 1 History 1 1 Background and early years 1 2 Gilbert and Sullivan 1 3 Later years 2 References and sources 2 1 References 2 2 Sources 3 External linksHistory editBackground and early years edit In the 16th century Lyon s Inn one of the Inns of Chancery attached to London s Inner Temple stood on the site By the 1860s the area had deteriorated greatly and the old inn had been converted into what the historians Mander and Mitchenson describe as dwellings of a dubious nature 1 In 1864 part of the area was cleared and the impresario Sefton Parry built a new theatre the Globe which opened in 1868 2 He acquired an adjacent site bounded by Wych Street Holywell Street and the Strand on which he built the Opera Comique two years later 3 The architect was Francis Fowler 4 Parry s construction of the theatres was a speculative venture he hoped to make large profits from compensation when the area was demolished which was even then in contemplation 1 It remained in contemplation for more than thirty years 5 The two theatres which backed on to each other became known as the rickety twins 6 both were of such flimsy construction that performers could hear each other through the common wall 7 Despite the nickname the Opera Comique was by no means a twin of the Globe being only about half the size with a seating capacity of 862 8 compared with more than 1 500 at the Globe 9 Another way in which the two theatres differed was that unlike the Globe the Opera Comique was largely underground It was entered through tunnels from three streets including the Strand and was nicknamed the Theatre Royal Tunnels 3 It was reportedly draughty and its long flight of stairs leading down to the level of the stalls was a dangerous fire hazard 10 Despite this and the flimsy construction the theatre attracted high praise from the press after it opened The Era commented For elegance of design and perfect adaptability to the requirements of dramatic art it is not surpassed if indeed it be equalled by any existing Theatre 4 Another London journal reported We are almost inclined to pronounce it the prettiest theatre in London It is in the flat horse shoe form the stage being well within sight and hearing of every part of the auditorium This comprises rows of comfortable and elegant stalls on the floor with three tiers or circles extending nearly round the house as dress circle family circle and amphitheatre respectively and six private boxes on either side of the stage The design of construction reflects the highest credit on Mr F H Fowler the architect and the chaste and elegant decorations of Mr K W Bradwell deserve great praise 11 The theatre opened under the name Royal Opera Comique on 29 October 1870 3 A company from the Theatre Dejazet in Paris led by the veteran actress Virginie Dejazet presented Victorien Sardou s comedy Les Pres Saint Gervais and two shorter pieces to an audience that included the Prince of Wales 4 The following year French drama continued when the Comedie Francaise company made its first appearance outside France an event that caused considerable interest 12 The first home grown production at the theatre was a musical play in 1871 Marie with music by Richard D Oyly Carte and a libretto by E Spencer Mott This accompanied an English adaptation of Moliere s Le Medecin malgre lui The production was not a success 13 Operas bouffes by Herve Offenbach and Lecocq and extravaganzas by F C Burnand followed 14 After short seasons starring the Italian tragedienne Adelaide Ristori and then the English operetta star Emily Soldene Carte became manager of the theatre in 1874 and presented The Broken Branch an English version of Gaston Serpette s operetta La branch cassee starring Pauline Rita 15 Carte s first attempt to found a permanent abode for Light Opera 12 failed and the theatre passed into other hands for the next three years 12 The word Royal was dropped from the name of the theatre in 1876 3 Burnand and Charles Morton were both briefly managers there presenting extravaganzas and comic operas respectively Morton s season in 1876 included well received productions of Offenbach s Madame l archiduc and Lecocq s La fille de Madame Angot featuring Soldene and Kate Santley and in the second piece W S Penley promoted from the chorus Morton also presented a successful double bill of Gilbert and Sullivan s Trial by Jury and Offenbach s Genevieve de Brabant 14 After Morton a succession of managements between May 1876 and September 1877 staged productions that made little impact 14 Gilbert and Sullivan edit nbsp 1878 programme coverIn November 1877 the Comedy Opera Company managed by Carte took on the lease and staged the premiere of Gilbert and Sullivan s The Sorcerer This was followed in 1878 by the same team s H M S Pinafore which became a hit running for 571 performances the second longest theatrical run in history to that date 16 During the performance on 31 July 1879 Carte s former business partners in the Comedy Opera Company with whom Carte Gilbert and Sullivan had split tried to seize the set creating a celebrated fracas 17 Over Christmas 1878 during the run of H M S Pinafore the theatre was renovated and redecorated by E W Bradwell reopening on 1 February 1879 The Era commented We can hardly overpraise the beauty and grace of the Opera Comique as it now appears to the delighted audience 18 Two more Gilbert and Sullivan successes followed now produced by the D Oyly Carte Opera Company The Pirates of Penzance 1880 and finally Patience 1881 which was later transferred to Carte s new and larger theatre the Savoy 19 During this period Carte also presented various companion pieces with the Gilbert and Sullivan operas including the 1877 revival of Dora s Dream by Arthur Cecil and Alfred Cellier The Spectre Knight 1878 revivals of Trial by Jury several pieces by George Grossmith beginning in 1878 Beauties on the Beach A Silver Wedding Five Hamlets and Cups and Saucers revivals of Gilbert s After All 18 a Children s Pinafore with an entirely juvenile cast 1878 In the Sulks 1880 and Uncle Samuel 1881 20 Later years edit Once D Oyly Carte left the Opera Comique the theatre s fortunes declined It was unoccupied from October to the end of 1881 14 At the start of 1882 John Hollingshead and Richard Barker presented Mother in Law a frivolous comedy by George R Sims which ran in a double bill with a burlesque called Vulcan until May They were followed by a spoof called The Wreck of the Pinafore by H Lingard and Luscombe Searelle described by The Era as curious and impudent which ran until October 14 During the rest of the 1880s a succession of managements presented a wide range of genres from adaptations of French plays Shakespeare Sheridan Ibsen and a Dickens adaptation by the novelist s son to musical shows including The Fay o Fire by Edward Jones and Henry Herman which The Era later described as notable as introducing Miss Marie Tempest to the regular stage 14 Composers whose works were presented at the Opera Comique in this period included Julia Woolf Meyer Lutz and Victor Roger Performers included Nelly Bromley Frank Wyatt Johnston Forbes Robertson Julia Gwynne and Penley 14 nbsp 1887 programme coverThe theatre was again renovated in 1885 under the proprietorship of the actor manager David James The Era thought that the refurbishments made it one of the most convenient handsome and acceptable places of entertainment in London 21 James had bought adjoining premises in Holywell Street to make room for an extension to the theatre The bars and circulation areas were according to The Era much improved a spacious smoking room was added and new emergency exits were installed 21 In 1891 George Edwardes took on the management of the theatre and presented a burlesque of Joan of Arc by Adrian Ross J L Shine and Frank Osmond Carr with a cast including Arthur Roberts and Marion Hood It was well received and ran from January to September 14 After that the theatre reverted to its pattern of rapidly changing productions and short lived managements 14 A feature of the early 1890s was the frequent presentation of adaptations from or original works by novelists such as Henry James Rudyard Kipling and George Moore 14 A further season of French plays performed in their original language was followed by a German season also given in the original in 1894 which ran for more than two months 14 In early 1895 Nellie Farren started her unfortunate season here with a bad comedy and a worse burlesque according to The Era 14 Later that year Augustus Harris presented Charles Villiers Stanford s comic opera Shamus O Brien which ran for two months from March to May 22 Osmond Carr s The Maid of Athens ran for a month in June 1897 after which said The Era nothing worthy of any record whatever has been attempted at this temple of the drama which has had a singularly eccentric and mostly disastrous career 14 A revival of a musical adaptation of Alice in Wonderland with music by Walter Slaughter opened for the Christmas season of 1898 and ran until mid February 1899 23 In March 1899 Horace Sedger announced a burlesque for the Opera Comique Great Caesar by Paul and Walter Rubens and George Grossmith Jr 24 but he changed his plans and presented it at the Comedy Theatre 25 The Opera Comique closed in 1899 and was compulsorily purchased by the London County Council for 40 000 26 It was demolished in 1902 when the area was redeveloped to create Aldwych named after old Wych Street and Kingsway 5 References and sources editReferences edit a b Mander and Mitchenson p 62 Mander and Mitchenson p 63 a b c d Mander and Mitchenson p 128 a b c The New Opera Comique The Era 30 October 1870 p 13 a b Our London Correspondence The Manchester Guardian 17 October 1902 p 4 Mander and Mitchenson pp 67 and 133 Goodman p 34 Wearing J P The London West End Theatre in the 1890s Educational Theatre Journal Vol 29 No 3 October 1977 pp 320 332 subscription required Archived 9 June 2016 at the Wayback Machine The Globe Theatre The Era 29 November 1868 quoted in Mander and Mitchenson pp 63 64 The Opera Comique East Strand London Archived 8 May 2009 at the Wayback Machine Arthur Lloyd website Retrieved 15 April 2020 Opera Comique The Examiner and London Review 5 November 1870 p 713 a b c Mander and Mitchenson p 131 Ainger p 92 and Original Correspondence The Era 10 September 1871 a b c d e f g h i j k l m The Opera Comique Theatre The Era 15 October 1898 p 11 Opera Comique The Graphic 29 August 1874 p 211 and Opera Comique The Pall Mall Gazette 29 August 1874 p 11 Gaye p 1532 and Gillan Don Longest Running Plays in London and New York Archived 13 June 2020 at the Wayback Machine StageBeauty net Retrieved 10 March 2009 The Fracas at the Opera Comique The Era 10 August 1879 p 5 The Fracas at the Opera Comique The Leeds Mercury 13 August 1879 p 8 and Gillan Don Account of the Fracas at the Opera Comique Archived 23 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine a b Opera Comique dead link The Era 9 February 1879 reprinted at The Gilbert and Sullivan Archive Retrieved 8 July 2010 Rollins and Witts pp 1 and 8 Rollins and Witts Appendix p IX a b The Opera Comique Theatre The Era 4 April 1885 p 8 Wood pp 115 116 Alice in Wonderland The Pall Mall Gazette 23 December 1898 p 1 and Tonight s Entertainment s The Pall Mall Gazette 16 February 1899 p 1 Theatrical Gossip The Era 11 March 1899 p 12 Theatrical Gossip The Era 25 March 1899 p 12 The Pall Mall Gazette 3 January 1900 p 6 Sources edit Ainger Michael 2002 Gilbert and Sullivan A Dual Biography Oxford Oxford University Press ISBN 978 0 19 514769 8 Gaye Freda ed 1967 Who s Who in the Theatre fourteenth ed London Sir Isaac Pitman and Sons OCLC 5997224 Goodman Andrew 1988 Gilbert and Sullivan s London London Spellmount ISBN 978 0 946771 31 8 Mander Raymond Joe Mitchenson 1976 1968 Lost Theatres of London second ed London New English Library ISBN 978 0 450 02838 0 Parker John ed 1925 Who s Who in the Theatre fifth ed London Sir Isaac Pitman and Sons OCLC 10013159 Rollins Cyril R John Witts 1962 The D Oyly Carte Opera Company in Gilbert and Sullivan Operas A Record of Productions 1875 1961 London Michael Joseph OCLC 504581419 Wood Henry J 1938 My Life of Music London Victor Gollancz OCLC 30533927 External links editInformation about the Opera Comique Article on the Opera Comique and other London theatres Profile of the theatre and other Victorian theatres Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Opera Comique amp oldid 1181676616, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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