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Musical ensemble

A musical ensemble, also known as a music group or musical group, is a group of people who perform instrumental and/or vocal music, with the ensemble typically known by a distinct name. Some music ensembles consist solely of instrumentalists, such as the jazz quartet or the orchestra. Other music ensembles consist solely of singers, such as choirs and doo wop groups. In both popular music and classical music, there are ensembles in which both instrumentalists and singers perform, such as the rock band or the Baroque chamber group for basso continuo (harpsichord and cello) and one or more singers. In classical music, trios or quartets either blend the sounds of musical instrument families (such as piano, strings, and wind instruments) or group together instruments from the same instrument family, such as string ensembles (e.g., string quartet) or wind ensembles (e.g., wind quintet). Some ensembles blend the sounds of a variety of instrument families, such as the orchestra, which uses a string section, brass instruments, woodwinds and percussion instruments, or the concert band, which uses brass, woodwinds and percussion.

The King & Carter Jazzing Orchestra photographed in Houston, Texas, January 1921
The Jalisco Philharmonic Orchestral is an example of a large classical musical ensemble.
Pori Worker's Society Brass Band in the 1920s in Pori, Finland

In jazz ensembles or combos, the instruments typically include wind instruments (one or more saxophones, trumpets, etc.), one or two chordal "comping" instruments (electric guitar, acoustic guitar, piano, or Hammond organ), a bass instrument (bass guitar or double bass), and a drummer or percussionist. Jazz ensembles may be solely instrumental, or they may consist of a group of instruments accompanying one or more singers. In rock and pop ensembles, usually called rock bands or pop bands, there are usually guitars and keyboards (piano, electric piano, Hammond organ, synthesizer, etc.), one or more singers, and a rhythm section made up of a bass guitar and drum kit.

Music ensembles typically have a leader. In jazz bands, rock and pop groups and similar ensembles, this is the band leader. In classical music, orchestras, concert bands and choirs are led by a conductor. In orchestra, the concertmaster (principal first violin player) is the instrumentalist leader of the orchestra. In orchestras, the individual sections also have leaders, typically called the "principal" of the section (e.g., the leader of the viola section is called the "principal viola"). Conductors are also used in jazz big bands and in some very large rock or pop ensembles (e.g., a rock concert that includes a string section, a horn section and a choir which are accompanying a rock band's performance).

Classical chamber music

 
The Kneisel String Quartet, led by Franz Kneisel, is an example of chamber music. This American ensemble debuted Dvořák's American Quartet, opus 96
 
an Iranian musical ensemble in 1886

In Western classical music, smaller ensembles are called chamber music ensembles. The terms duo, trio, quartet, quintet, sextet, septet, octet, nonet and decet describe groups of two up to ten musicians, respectively. A group of eleven musicians, such as found in The Carnival of the Animals, is called an undecet, and a group of twelve is called a duodecet (see Latin numerical prefixes). A soloist playing unaccompanied (e.g., a pianist playing a solo piano piece or a cellist playing a Bach suite for unaccompanied cello) is not an ensemble because it only contains one musician.

Four parts

Strings

A string quartet consists of two violins, a viola and a cello. There is a vast body of music written for string quartets, as it is seen as an important genre in classical music.

Wind

A woodwind quartet usually features a flute, an oboe, a clarinet and a bassoon. A brass quartet features two trumpets, a trombone and a tuba (or French horn (or more commonly known as "horn")). A saxophone quartet consists of a soprano saxophone, an alto saxophone, a tenor saxophone, and a baritone saxophone.

Five parts

The string quintet is a common type of group. It is similar to the string quartet, but with an additional viola, cello, or more rarely, the addition of a double bass. Terms such as "piano quintet" or "clarinet quintet" frequently refer to a string quartet plus a fifth instrument. Mozart's Clarinet Quintet is similarly a piece written for an ensemble consisting of two violins, a viola, a cello and a clarinet, the last being the exceptional addition to a "normal" string quartet.[citation needed]

Some other quintets in classical music are the wind quintet, usually consisting of flute, oboe, clarinet, bassoon and horn; the brass quintet, consisting of two trumpets, one horn, a trombone and a tuba; and the reed quintet, consisting of an oboe, a soprano clarinet, a saxophone, a bass clarinet, and a bassoon.[1]

Six or more instruments

 

Classical chamber ensembles of six (sextet), seven (septet), or eight musicians (octet) are fairly common; use of latinate terms for larger groups is rare, except for the nonet (nine musicians). In most cases, a larger classical group is referred to as an orchestra of some type or a concert band. A small orchestra with fifteen to thirty members (violins, violas, four cellos, two or three double basses, and several woodwind or brass instruments) is called a chamber orchestra. A sinfonietta usually denotes a somewhat smaller orchestra (though still not a chamber orchestra). Larger orchestras are called symphony orchestras (see below) or philharmonic orchestras.[2]

A pops orchestra is an orchestra that mainly performs light classical music (often in abbreviated, simplified arrangements) and orchestral arrangements and medleys of popular jazz, music theater, or pop music songs.[clarification needed] A string orchestra has only string instruments, i.e., violins, violas, cellos and double basses.

A symphony orchestra is an ensemble usually comprising at least thirty musicians; the number of players is typically between fifty and ninety-five and may exceed one hundred. A symphony orchestra is divided into families of instruments. In the string family, there are sections of violins (I and II), violas, cellos (often eight), and basses (often from six to eight). The standard woodwind section consists of flutes (one doubling piccolo), oboes (one doubling English horn), soprano clarinets (one doubling bass clarinet), and bassoons (one doubling contrabassoon). The standard brass section consists of horns, trumpets, trombones, and tuba. The percussion section includes the timpani, bass drum, snare drum, and any other percussion instruments called for in a score (e.g., triangle, glockenspiel, chimes, cymbals, wood blocks, etc.). In Baroque music (1600–1750) and music from the early Classical period music (1750–1820), the percussion parts in orchestral works may only include timpani.[clarification needed]

A concert band is a large classical ensemble generally made up of between 40 and 70 musicians from the woodwind, brass, and percussion families, along with the double bass. The concert band has a larger number and variety of wind instruments than the symphony orchestra, but does not have a string section (although a single double bass is common in concert bands). The woodwind section of a concert band consists of piccolo, flutes, oboes (one doubling English horn), bassoons (one doubling contrabassoon), soprano clarinets (one doubling E clarinet, one doubling alto clarinet), bass clarinets (one doubling contrabass clarinet or contra-alto clarinet), alto saxophones (one doubling soprano saxophone), tenor saxophone, and baritone saxophone. The brass section consists of horns, trumpets or cornets, trombones, euphoniums, and tubas. The percussion section consists of the timpani, bass drum, snare drum, and any other percussion instruments called for in a score (e.g., triangle, glockenspiel, chimes, cymbals, wood blocks, etc.).

When orchestras perform baroque music (from the 17th century and early 18th century), they may also use a harpsichord or pipe organ, playing the continuo part. When orchestras perform Romantic-era music (from the 19th century), they may also use harps or unusual instruments such as the wind machine or cannons. When orchestras perform music from the 20th century or the 21st century, occasionally instruments such as electric guitar, theremin, or even an electronic synthesizer may be used.

Role of women

 
Suzi Quatro is a singer, bassist and bandleader. When she launched her career in 1973, she was one of the few prominent women instrumentalists and bandleaders in rock music

Women have a high prominence in many popular music styles as singers. However, professional women instrumentalists are uncommon in popular music, especially in rock genres such as heavy metal. "[P]laying in a band is largely a male homosocial activity, that is, learning to play in a band is largely a peer-based... experience, shaped by existing sex-segregated friendship networks."[3] As well, rock music "...is often defined as a form of male rebellion vis-à-vis female bedroom culture."[4] In popular music, there has been a gendered "distinction between public (male) and private (female) participation" in music.[4] "[S]everal scholars have argued that men exclude women from bands or from the bands' rehearsals, recordings, performances, and other social activities."[5] "Women are mainly regarded as passive and private consumers of allegedly slick, prefabricated – hence, inferior – pop music..., excluding them from participating as high status rock musicians."[5] One of the reasons that there are rarely mixed gender bands is that "bands operate as tight-knit units in which homosocial solidarity – social bonds between people of the same sex... – plays a crucial role."[5] In the 1960s pop music scene, "[s]inging was sometimes an acceptable pastime for a girl, but playing an instrument...simply wasn't done."[6]

"The rebellion of rock music was largely a male rebellion; the women—often, in the 1950s and '60s, girls in their teens—in rock usually sang songs as personæ utterly dependent on their macho boyfriends..." Philip Auslander says that "Although there were many women in rock by the late 1960s, most performed only as singers, a traditionally feminine position in popular music." Though some women played instruments in American all-female garage rock bands, none of these bands achieved more than regional success. So they "did not provide viable templates for women's on-going participation in rock".[7]: 2–3  In relation to the gender composition of heavy metal bands, it has been said that "[h]eavy metal performers are almost exclusively male"[8] "...[a]t least until the mid-1980s"[9] apart from "...exceptions such as Girlschool".[8] However, "...now [in the 2010s] maybe more than ever–strong metal women have put up their dukes and got down to it,"[10] "carv[ing] out a considerable place for [them]selves".[11] When Suzi Quatro emerged in 1973, "no other prominent female musician worked in rock simultaneously as a singer, instrumentalist, songwriter, and bandleader."[7]: 2  According to Auslander, she was "kicking down the male door in rock and roll and proving that a female musician ... and this is a point I am extremely concerned about ... could play as well if not better than the boys".[7]: 3 

Other western musical ensembles

A choir is a group of voices. By analogy, sometimes a group of similar instruments in a symphony orchestra are referred to as a choir. For example, the woodwind instruments of a symphony orchestra could be called the woodwind choir.

A group that plays popular music or military music is usually called a band; a drum and bugle corps is a type of the latter. These bands perform a wide range of music, ranging from arrangements of jazz orchestral, or popular music to military-style marches. Drum corps perform on brass and percussion instruments only. Drum and Bugle Corps incorporate costumes, hats, and pageantry in their performances.

Other band types include:

See also

References

  1. ^ "Blending the old and the new: the Sequoia Reed Quintet". Eastman Centennial. Retrieved 2022-07-31.
  2. ^ Raynor, Henry (1978). The Orchestra: a history. Scribner. p. [page needed]. ISBN 0-684-15535-4.
  3. ^ Julian Schaap and Pauwke Berkers. "Grunting Alone? Online Gender Inequality in Extreme Metal Music" in IASPM Journal. Vol.4, no.1 (2014) p. 101-102
  4. ^ a b Julian Schaap and Pauwke Berkers. "Grunting Alone? Online Gender Inequality in Extreme Metal Music" in IASPM Journal. Vol.4, no.1 (2014) p. 102
  5. ^ a b c Julian Schaap and Pauwke Berkers. "Grunting Alone? Online Gender Inequality in Extreme Metal Music" in IASPM Journal. Vol.4, no.1 (2014) p. 104
  6. ^ Erika White (2015-01-28). "Music History Primer: 3 Pioneering Female Songwriters of the '60s | REBEAT Magazine". Rebeatmag.com. from the original on 2015-12-22. Retrieved 2016-01-20.
  7. ^ a b c Auslander, Philip (28 January 2004). (PDF). Popular Music. United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press. 23 (1): 1–16. doi:10.1017/S0261143004000030. S2CID 191508078. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 May 2013. Retrieved 25 April 2012.
  8. ^ a b Brake, Mike (1990). "Heavy Metal Culture, Masculinity and Iconography". In Frith, Simon; Goodwin, Andrew (eds.). On Record: Rock, Pop and the Written Word. Routledge. pp. 87–91.
  9. ^ Walser, Robert (1993). Running with the Devil:Power, Gender and Madness in Heavy Metal Music. Wesleyan University Press. p. 76.
  10. ^ Eddy, Chuck (1 July 2011). "Women of Metal". Spin. SpinMedia Group.
  11. ^ Kelly, Kim (17 January 2013). "Queens of noise: heavy metal encourages heavy-hitting women". The Telegraph.

External links

musical, ensemble, music, group, redirects, here, other, uses, music, group, disambiguation, this, article, multiple, issues, please, help, improve, discuss, these, issues, talk, page, learn, when, remove, these, template, messages, this, article, needs, addit. Music group redirects here For other uses see Music group disambiguation This article has multiple issues Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page Learn how and when to remove these template messages This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Musical ensemble news newspapers books scholar JSTOR January 2010 Learn how and when to remove this template message This article possibly contains original research Please improve it by verifying the claims made and adding inline citations Statements consisting only of original research should be removed February 2010 Learn how and when to remove this template message Learn how and when to remove this template message A musical ensemble also known as a music group or musical group is a group of people who perform instrumental and or vocal music with the ensemble typically known by a distinct name Some music ensembles consist solely of instrumentalists such as the jazz quartet or the orchestra Other music ensembles consist solely of singers such as choirs and doo wop groups In both popular music and classical music there are ensembles in which both instrumentalists and singers perform such as the rock band or the Baroque chamber group for basso continuo harpsichord and cello and one or more singers In classical music trios or quartets either blend the sounds of musical instrument families such as piano strings and wind instruments or group together instruments from the same instrument family such as string ensembles e g string quartet or wind ensembles e g wind quintet Some ensembles blend the sounds of a variety of instrument families such as the orchestra which uses a string section brass instruments woodwinds and percussion instruments or the concert band which uses brass woodwinds and percussion The King amp Carter Jazzing Orchestra photographed in Houston Texas January 1921 The Jalisco Philharmonic Orchestral is an example of a large classical musical ensemble Pori Worker s Society Brass Band in the 1920s in Pori Finland In jazz ensembles or combos the instruments typically include wind instruments one or more saxophones trumpets etc one or two chordal comping instruments electric guitar acoustic guitar piano or Hammond organ a bass instrument bass guitar or double bass and a drummer or percussionist Jazz ensembles may be solely instrumental or they may consist of a group of instruments accompanying one or more singers In rock and pop ensembles usually called rock bands or pop bands there are usually guitars and keyboards piano electric piano Hammond organ synthesizer etc one or more singers and a rhythm section made up of a bass guitar and drum kit Music ensembles typically have a leader In jazz bands rock and pop groups and similar ensembles this is the band leader In classical music orchestras concert bands and choirs are led by a conductor In orchestra the concertmaster principal first violin player is the instrumentalist leader of the orchestra In orchestras the individual sections also have leaders typically called the principal of the section e g the leader of the viola section is called the principal viola Conductors are also used in jazz big bands and in some very large rock or pop ensembles e g a rock concert that includes a string section a horn section and a choir which are accompanying a rock band s performance Contents 1 Classical chamber music 1 1 Four parts 1 1 1 Strings 1 1 2 Wind 1 2 Five parts 1 3 Six or more instruments 2 Role of women 3 Other western musical ensembles 4 See also 5 References 6 External linksClassical chamber music Edit The Kneisel String Quartet led by Franz Kneisel is an example of chamber music This American ensemble debuted Dvorak s American Quartet opus 96 an Iranian musical ensemble in 1886 In Western classical music smaller ensembles are called chamber music ensembles The terms duo trio quartet quintet sextet septet octet nonet and decet describe groups of two up to ten musicians respectively A group of eleven musicians such as found in The Carnival of the Animals is called an undecet and a group of twelve is called a duodecet see Latin numerical prefixes A soloist playing unaccompanied e g a pianist playing a solo piano piece or a cellist playing a Bach suite for unaccompanied cello is not an ensemble because it only contains one musician Four parts Edit Main article Quartet Strings Edit A string quartet consists of two violins a viola and a cello There is a vast body of music written for string quartets as it is seen as an important genre in classical music Wind Edit A woodwind quartet usually features a flute an oboe a clarinet and a bassoon A brass quartet features two trumpets a trombone and a tuba or French horn or more commonly known as horn A saxophone quartet consists of a soprano saxophone an alto saxophone a tenor saxophone and a baritone saxophone Five parts Edit Main article Quintet The string quintet is a common type of group It is similar to the string quartet but with an additional viola cello or more rarely the addition of a double bass Terms such as piano quintet or clarinet quintet frequently refer to a string quartet plus a fifth instrument Mozart s Clarinet Quintet is similarly a piece written for an ensemble consisting of two violins a viola a cello and a clarinet the last being the exceptional addition to a normal string quartet citation needed Some other quintets in classical music are the wind quintet usually consisting of flute oboe clarinet bassoon and horn the brass quintet consisting of two trumpets one horn a trombone and a tuba and the reed quintet consisting of an oboe a soprano clarinet a saxophone a bass clarinet and a bassoon 1 Six or more instruments Edit Main articles Orchestra and Concert band London Symphony Orchestra Barbican Hall A concert band Classical chamber ensembles of six sextet seven septet or eight musicians octet are fairly common use of latinate terms for larger groups is rare except for the nonet nine musicians In most cases a larger classical group is referred to as an orchestra of some type or a concert band A small orchestra with fifteen to thirty members violins violas four cellos two or three double basses and several woodwind or brass instruments is called a chamber orchestra A sinfonietta usually denotes a somewhat smaller orchestra though still not a chamber orchestra Larger orchestras are called symphony orchestras see below or philharmonic orchestras 2 A pops orchestra is an orchestra that mainly performs light classical music often in abbreviated simplified arrangements and orchestral arrangements and medleys of popular jazz music theater or pop music songs clarification needed A string orchestra has only string instruments i e violins violas cellos and double basses A symphony orchestra is an ensemble usually comprising at least thirty musicians the number of players is typically between fifty and ninety five and may exceed one hundred A symphony orchestra is divided into families of instruments In the string family there are sections of violins I and II violas cellos often eight and basses often from six to eight The standard woodwind section consists of flutes one doubling piccolo oboes one doubling English horn soprano clarinets one doubling bass clarinet and bassoons one doubling contrabassoon The standard brass section consists of horns trumpets trombones and tuba The percussion section includes the timpani bass drum snare drum and any other percussion instruments called for in a score e g triangle glockenspiel chimes cymbals wood blocks etc In Baroque music 1600 1750 and music from the early Classical period music 1750 1820 the percussion parts in orchestral works may only include timpani clarification needed A concert band is a large classical ensemble generally made up of between 40 and 70 musicians from the woodwind brass and percussion families along with the double bass The concert band has a larger number and variety of wind instruments than the symphony orchestra but does not have a string section although a single double bass is common in concert bands The woodwind section of a concert band consists of piccolo flutes oboes one doubling English horn bassoons one doubling contrabassoon soprano clarinets one doubling E clarinet one doubling alto clarinet bass clarinets one doubling contrabass clarinet or contra alto clarinet alto saxophones one doubling soprano saxophone tenor saxophone and baritone saxophone The brass section consists of horns trumpets or cornets trombones euphoniums and tubas The percussion section consists of the timpani bass drum snare drum and any other percussion instruments called for in a score e g triangle glockenspiel chimes cymbals wood blocks etc When orchestras perform baroque music from the 17th century and early 18th century they may also use a harpsichord or pipe organ playing the continuo part When orchestras perform Romantic era music from the 19th century they may also use harps or unusual instruments such as the wind machine or cannons When orchestras perform music from the 20th century or the 21st century occasionally instruments such as electric guitar theremin or even an electronic synthesizer may be used Role of women Edit Suzi Quatro is a singer bassist and bandleader When she launched her career in 1973 she was one of the few prominent women instrumentalists and bandleaders in rock music Main articles Girl group and All female band Women have a high prominence in many popular music styles as singers However professional women instrumentalists are uncommon in popular music especially in rock genres such as heavy metal P laying in a band is largely a male homosocial activity that is learning to play in a band is largely a peer based experience shaped by existing sex segregated friendship networks 3 As well rock music is often defined as a form of male rebellion vis a vis female bedroom culture 4 In popular music there has been a gendered distinction between public male and private female participation in music 4 S everal scholars have argued that men exclude women from bands or from the bands rehearsals recordings performances and other social activities 5 Women are mainly regarded as passive and private consumers of allegedly slick prefabricated hence inferior pop music excluding them from participating as high status rock musicians 5 One of the reasons that there are rarely mixed gender bands is that bands operate as tight knit units in which homosocial solidarity social bonds between people of the same sex plays a crucial role 5 In the 1960s pop music scene s inging was sometimes an acceptable pastime for a girl but playing an instrument simply wasn t done 6 The rebellion of rock music was largely a male rebellion the women often in the 1950s and 60s girls in their teens in rock usually sang songs as personae utterly dependent on their macho boyfriends Philip Auslander says that Although there were many women in rock by the late 1960s most performed only as singers a traditionally feminine position in popular music Though some women played instruments in American all female garage rock bands none of these bands achieved more than regional success So they did not provide viable templates for women s on going participation in rock 7 2 3 In relation to the gender composition of heavy metal bands it has been said that h eavy metal performers are almost exclusively male 8 a t least until the mid 1980s 9 apart from exceptions such as Girlschool 8 However now in the 2010s maybe more than ever strong metal women have put up their dukes and got down to it 10 carv ing out a considerable place for them selves 11 When Suzi Quatro emerged in 1973 no other prominent female musician worked in rock simultaneously as a singer instrumentalist songwriter and bandleader 7 2 According to Auslander she was kicking down the male door in rock and roll and proving that a female musician and this is a point I am extremely concerned about could play as well if not better than the boys 7 3 Other western musical ensembles EditThis section does not cite any sources Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed February 2020 Learn how and when to remove this template message A choir is a group of voices By analogy sometimes a group of similar instruments in a symphony orchestra are referred to as a choir For example the woodwind instruments of a symphony orchestra could be called the woodwind choir A group that plays popular music or military music is usually called a band a drum and bugle corps is a type of the latter These bands perform a wide range of music ranging from arrangements of jazz orchestral or popular music to military style marches Drum corps perform on brass and percussion instruments only Drum and Bugle Corps incorporate costumes hats and pageantry in their performances Other band types include Brass bands groups consisting of around 30 brass and percussion players Jug bands Mexican Mariachi groups typically consist of at least two violins two trumpets one Spanish guitar one vihuela a high pitched five string guitar and one Guitarron a Mexican acoustic bass that is roughly guitar shaped and one or more singers Mexican banda groups Marching bands and military bands dating back to the Ottoman military bands String bandsSee also Edit Music portalBand rock and pop All female band Boy band Girl group Pop duo Live band karaoke Music industry Percussion ensemble Musical collectiveReferences Edit Blending the old and the new the Sequoia Reed Quintet Eastman Centennial Retrieved 2022 07 31 Raynor Henry 1978 The Orchestra a history Scribner p page needed ISBN 0 684 15535 4 Julian Schaap and Pauwke Berkers Grunting Alone Online Gender Inequality in Extreme Metal Music in IASPM Journal Vol 4 no 1 2014 p 101 102 a b Julian Schaap and Pauwke Berkers Grunting Alone Online Gender Inequality in Extreme Metal Music in IASPM Journal Vol 4 no 1 2014 p 102 a b c Julian Schaap and Pauwke Berkers Grunting Alone Online Gender Inequality in Extreme Metal Music in IASPM Journal Vol 4 no 1 2014 p 104 Erika White 2015 01 28 Music History Primer 3 Pioneering Female Songwriters of the 60s REBEAT Magazine Rebeatmag com Archived from the original on 2015 12 22 Retrieved 2016 01 20 a b c Auslander Philip 28 January 2004 I Wanna Be Your Man Suzi Quatro s musical androgyny PDF Popular Music United Kingdom Cambridge University Press 23 1 1 16 doi 10 1017 S0261143004000030 S2CID 191508078 Archived from the original PDF on 24 May 2013 Retrieved 25 April 2012 a b Brake Mike 1990 Heavy Metal Culture Masculinity and Iconography In Frith Simon Goodwin Andrew eds On Record Rock Pop and the Written Word Routledge pp 87 91 Walser Robert 1993 Running with the Devil Power Gender and Madness in Heavy Metal Music Wesleyan University Press p 76 Eddy Chuck 1 July 2011 Women of Metal Spin SpinMedia Group Kelly Kim 17 January 2013 Queens of noise heavy metal encourages heavy hitting women The Telegraph External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Musical groups Music NYPL Digital Gallery Bands and Musician Listing Vivre Musicale Archived 2021 04 15 at the Wayback Machine Helmut Kallmann Patricia Wardrop Jack Kopstein Barclay Mcmillan December 16 2013 Music Bands Encyclopedia of Music in Canada Historica Canada Retrieved August 19 2019 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Musical ensemble amp oldid 1145011900, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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