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Morgan Library & Museum

October 27, 2023

The Morgan Library & Museum, formerly the Pierpont Morgan Library, is a museum and research library in the Murray Hill neighborhood of Manhattan in New York City. It is situated at 225 Madison Avenue, between 36th Street to the south and 37th Street to the north. The Morgan Library & Museum is composed of several structures. The main building was designed by Charles McKim of the firm of McKim, Mead and White, with an annex designed by Benjamin Wistar Morris. A 19th-century Italianate brownstone house at 231 Madison Avenue, built by Isaac Newton Phelps, is also part of the grounds. The museum and library also contains a glass entrance building designed by Renzo Piano and Beyer Blinder Belle. The main building and its interior is a New York City designated landmark and a National Historic Landmark, while the house at 231 Madison Avenue is a New York City landmark.

Morgan Library & Museum
The library's main building
Interactive fullscreen map
Former name
Pierpont Morgan Library
Established1906 (1906) (private library)
March 28, 1924 (1924-03-28) (public institution)
Location225 Madison Avenue (at East 36th Street), Manhattan, New York City
Coordinates40°44′57″N 73°58′53″W / 40.74917°N 73.98139°W / 40.74917; -73.98139
Typemuseum and library
Collection size350,000
Visitors274,000 (fiscal year 2019)[1]
FounderJ. P. Morgan
DirectorColin B. Bailey
ArchitectCharles Follen McKim (main building)
Benjamin Wistar Morris (main building annex)
Isaac Newton Phelps (231 Madison Avenue)
Renzo Piano and Beyer Blinder Belle (expansion)
Public transit accessSubway: ​​​​​ at Grand Central–42nd Street
​ at 33rd Street
Bus: M1, M2, M3, M4, M34 SBS, M34A SBS, M42, Q32
Websitethemorgan.org
J. Pierpont Morgan Library
New York City Landmark No. 0239, 1119, 2114
Location225 Madison Avenue
at East 36th Street
Manhattan, New York City
Built1900–06[2]
ArchitectCharles Follen McKim[3]
Architectural stylePalladian
NRHP reference No.66000544[2]
NYSRHP No.06101.000434
NYCL No.0239, 1119, 2114
Significant dates
Added to NRHPNovember 13, 1966[2]
Designated NHLNovember 13, 1966[4]
Designated NYSRHPJune 23, 1980
Designated NYCLMay 17, 1966 (exterior)
March 23, 1982 (interior)
February 26, 2002 (Phelps Stokes–J. P. Morgan Jr. House)

The site was formerly occupied by residences of the Phelps family, one of which banker J. P. Morgan had purchased in 1880. The Morgan Library was founded in 1906 to house Morgan's private library, which included manuscripts and printed books, as well as his collection of prints and drawings. The main building was constructed between 1902 and 1906 for $1.2 million. The library was made a public institution in 1924 by J. P. Morgan's son John Pierpont Morgan Jr., in accordance with his father's will, and the annex was constructed in 1928. The glass entrance building was added when Morgan Library & Museum was renovated in 2006.

The Morgan Library and Museum contains a collection of illuminated manuscripts, including those of the Morgan Bible, Morgan Beatus, Hours of Catherine of Cleves, Farnese Hours, Morgan Black Hours, and Codex Glazier. The manuscript collection also contains authors' original manuscripts, as well as a musical manuscript collection that is second in size only behind the Library of Congress. The Morgan contains a large collection of incunabula, prints, and drawings of European artists, as well as many examples of fine bookbinding. The collection still includes some Old Master paintings collected by Morgan, although these have never been the collection's focus.

History edit

Phelps Stokes/Dodge houses edit

In the second half of the 19th century, the Morgan Library & Museum's site was occupied by four brownstone houses on the east side of Madison Avenue, between 36th Street to the south and 37th Street to the north. The houses were all built in 1852 or 1853 by members of the Phelps Stokes/Dodge family.[5][6] Three houses were built along Madison Avenue on lots measuring 65 feet (20 m) wide by 157 feet (48 m) deep, while a fourth house to the east measured 18 feet (5.5 m) wide and stretched 197.5 feet (60.2 m) between 37th and 36th Streets. All the houses were designed in an Italianate style with pink brownstone.[6] The Madison Avenue houses, from north to south, were owned by Isaac Newton Phelps, William E. Dodge, and John Jay Phelps, while the 37th Street house was owned by George D. Phelps.[5][6] Each house had[7] The surrounding neighborhood of Murray Hill was not yet developed at the time, but began to grow after the American Civil War.[8][9]

Isaac Newton Phelps's daughter Helen married Anson Phelps Stokes in 1865. Their son, architect Isaac Newton Phelps Stokes, was born in the Isaac Newton Phelps house at 231 Madison Avenue two years later. Helen Phelps inherited the house following her father's death. In 1888, she doubled the size of her house and added an attic to plans by architect R. H. Robertson.[6]

Morgan estate edit

Hartford, Connecticut-born banker John Pierpont Morgan was looking to buy his own house by 1880. He wished to live in Murray Hill, where many of his and his wife's friends and business contacts lived.[10] Morgan sought to buy John Jay Phelps's house at 219 Madison Avenue, at the corner with 36th Street, which was offered for $225,000.[11][10] He acquired the house in 1881 and renovated it over the following two years.[10] The exterior was largely retained to harmonize with the other houses, owned by the Phelpses and Dodge, but the interior was extensively renovated by the Herter Brothers.[10][12] During this time, Morgan began to amass a large collection of fine art, inspired by that of his father Junius Spencer Morgan. The art was stored in his house in England to avoid import taxes. J. P. Morgan also began collecting rare books and other bindings upon his nephew Junius's suggestion; since books were not subject to import taxes, they were stored in the basement of his New York residence.[13][14][15]

In subsequent years, Morgan became one of the most influential financiers in the United States.[15][16][17] J. P. Morgan's collection began to grow quickly after his father died in 1890.[18][19] While part of Morgan's collection was stored in the basement of his house, other items were loaned or placed in storage.[20] By 1900, the plots north and east of J. P. Morgan's house became available for sale after the death of Melissa Stokes Dodge, who lived in the Dodge mansion just north of Morgan's house.[21] Morgan bought a 75-foot-wide (23 m) plot east of his residence in 1900,[22][23] and, two years later, acquired two adjacent lots with a total frontage of 50 feet (15 m).[22] On the far eastern side of that plot, McKim, Mead & White designed a six-story house at 33 East 36th Street for Morgan's daughter Louisa and her husband Herbert Satterlee.[24][25][26][27] The Satterlees' house was made of limestone, as contrasted with the brownstones on Madison Avenue, and was connected to Morgan's own home by tunnels.[28]

Morgan acquired William E. Dodge's home in April 1903.[29][30] While the Satterlee house was under construction, the couple moved into the Dodge mansion.[21] By late 1904, Morgan had also purchased the old Isaac Newton Stokes house at 229 Madison Avenue for his son J. P. Morgan Jr., who was known as "Jack".[31][32][33] When Jack Morgan and his wife Jane Norton Grew moved into 229 Madison Avenue in 1905, he commissioned a major renovation of the interior and renumbered it as 231 Madison Avenue. Jack Morgan also performed $1,900 in changes to the house's exterior.[21][34] J. P. Morgan came to own two-thirds of the city block;[35] his holdings by 1907 included the whole 197.5-foot (60.2 m) frontage on Madison Avenue, stretching 300 feet (91 m) on 36th Street and 167 feet (51 m) on 37th Street.[22]

Founding of library edit

Construction edit

 
The library c. 1910, shortly after its completion

Morgan's book collection took up more space than could fit in his residence by 1900,[36] and he was unable to expand the house at 219 Madison Avenue due to the presence of an 18-foot-wide (5.5 m) driveway east of it.[22][37] That January, he bought a 75-by-100-foot (23 by 30 m) plot of land on 36th Street, between his own house and the Satterlee home, for a library.[37] The site had been occupied by two brownstone homes at 35 and 37 East 36th Street, which Morgan promptly razed.[22][38] He then hired Warren and Wetmore to design a Baroque-style library.[15][39][40] After rejecting Warren and Wetmore's plans, Morgan hired Charles McKim of McKim, Mead & White to design the library in 1902.[21][41][40] C. T. Wills was hired as the builder.[42] The library was to be a classical marble structure with a simple design; Morgan had told McKim that "I want a gem".[27] Whitney Warren of Warren and Wetmore had then just completed the elaborately decorated New York Yacht Club Building,[28][43] and Warren had wanted to design a domed structure.[43] Morgan's preference for an austere structure may have led him to reject Warren and Wetmore.[28]

Morgan and McKim planned the library's design over the next two years; while McKim was responsible for the overall design, Morgan had final say over the aspects of the plan. An initial proposal for the design entailed building a projecting central mass with recessed wings on either side, which Morgan deemed to be unwieldy. The second version of the plan reduced the size of the central mass and added a recessed entrance. The final designs called for the front facades of either wing to be flush with the central mass.[27] Morgan was insistent that the library be made of marble, even though everyone in his family except for his daughter Louisa lived in a brownstone house.[28] By early 1903, workers were laying the foundation for the library.[44] Construction began that April,[45] and the library was being dubbed as "Mr. Morgan's jewel case" by the next year.[42] Few details of the library were given out during construction, as Morgan prohibited the workers from talking to the press.[46]

The Wall Street Journal reported in June 1906, when the library was near completion, that Morgan had "wanted the most perfect structure that human hands could erect and was willing to pay whatever it cost".[47] For example, the usage of dry masonry marble blocks, an uncommon construction method in which masonry blocks were shaved precisely to remove the need for joints made of mortar, added $50,000 to the cost of construction.[39][40][45][48] McKim had suggested the dry masonry blocks to Morgan after having unsuccessfully tried to place a knife blade in the joints of Athens's Erechtheion, and he ordered a plaster cast from his former employee Gorham Stevens, who worked in Athens.[35][45][49] Morgan was impressed with the quality of the work, as McKim recalled in a February 1906 letter to his colleague, Stanford White.[50][51] Even so, Morgan often upheld the library as an accomplishment of McKim's.[50][52] The final design was more representative of the work of William M. Kendall from McKim, Mead & White.[53] Morgan acquired two hundred cases of books, which were temporarily stored in the Lenox Library and moved to Morgan's personal library starting in December 1905.[54] Around the same time, Morgan hired Belle da Costa Greene as his personal librarian.[55][56]

Opening and early years edit

Morgan first used his office in November 1906 with a reception for the Metropolitan Museum of Art's purchasing committee. The details were not completed until January 1907, and the Morgan collection was relocated into the library later that year.[45] Morgan's library had cost $1.2 million (equivalent to $27.689 million in 2021[a]).[21][24][53][57] Several publications praised the completed library.[58] In 1906, the Real Estate Record and Guide wrote of McKim, Mead & White: "the new Morgan Library, in Thirty-sixth street, is among their most carefully studied designs."[59] The library building was described in another publication as "one of the Seven Wonders of the Edwardian World",[60][61] while Architectural Review called it "icy and exquisite".[35] A correspondent for the London Times, in 1908, characterized John Pierpont Morgan as "probably the greatest collector of things splendid and beautiful and rare who has ever lived".[62] During the Panic of 1907, Morgan used his library to convene the city's bank presidents and trust company presidents, locking his guests in the library overnight until they came to an agreement.[63] To allow pedestrians to see his new library from Madison Avenue, Morgan demolished the Dodge house in 1907–1908[7][64] and replaced it with a garden designed by Beatrix Farrand.[65]

As the librarian, Greene was tasked with expanding the collection,[66][67] as well as cataloging and researching the history of each item.[68] She frequently searched for rare volumes in back alleys, but she initially tended to avoid auctions and rarely spent more than $10,000 a book without the Morgans' permission.[66] Greene tended to acquire items created before the 16th century, since Morgan believed that other libraries were able to adequately care for newer items.[67] Morgan also decided to import the rest of his collection and display it at his library. To avoid paying import taxes, he was required to open the library to the public on certain days of the week.[69] In the library's private office, Morgan frequently met with British and French bankers.[70] Among Morgan's larger acquisitions in the late 1900s and early 1910s was a collection of rare American authors' manuscripts from merchant S. H. Wakeman in 1909.[71] The Wall Street Journal wrote in 1911 that "Mr. Morgan buys books as some financiers buy a thousand shares of stock";[72] in some years, he spent half his income on the collection.[73] Acquisitions continued until his death in March 1913.[55][74]

After Morgan's death edit

 
J. P. Morgan's body being brought to his home and library after his death in Rome

When Morgan died, his estate was valued at $128 million (about $2.608 billion in 2021[a]), over half of which lay in the worth of his collection.[75] J. P. Morgan bequeathed the art collection to Jack, with the request that Jack make the collection "permanently available for the instruction and pleasure of the American people".[55][76][77] The month after J. P. Morgan's death, the New York state legislature granted a two-year exemption enabling Jack to import his father's overseas collection without having to pay import duties.[78] Jack did not publicly show interest in his father's art collection and reportedly did not expand it in the year after his father died.[79] Jack sold off much of the overseas collection rather than importing it, but he decided to keep the items that were already in his father's library.[80][81] During 1914, the collection was displayed in full at the Metropolitan Museum of Art, the only time the whole collection was displayed.[55][82]

The import duty exemption expired in April 1915,[83] and Jack sold various items in the collection to pay the inheritance taxes and to raise money for the cash bequests in his father's will.[55][73] The next year, the collection was valued at $7.5 million for taxation purposes.[84][85] Jack and Jane Morgan continued to employ Greene as the librarian, expanding the collection with items in which they were personally interested.[55][86][87] Frances Morgan, Jack's mother and John Pierpont's widow, lived at J. P. Morgan's old residence until her death in November 1924.[55] By then, despite Jack's opposition, the surrounding stretch of Madison Avenue was being redeveloped as a business street.[88][89] Although Jane Morgan died in 1925, Jack continued to live at 231 Madison Avenue until his death in 1943,[90] and the Satterlee home remained in the Morgan family until 1944.[91][92] The United Lutheran Church in America bought 231 Madison Avenue for its headquarters in 1943[93] and built a five-story annex there in 1957.[55][94]

Public institution and expansion edit

Incorporation and mid-20th century edit

The Pierpont Morgan Library was incorporated as a public institution in March 1924,[95][96] a month after Jack Morgan announced that he would transfer the collection to a board of trustees and provide a $1.5 million endowment for the library.[97][98] The Morgans transferred the library building, and the land under 219 Madison Avenue, to the Pierpont Morgan Library.[55] Greene was retained as the librarian.[98] The Morgan Library was not a public library and initially only allowed researchers into the space;[99][100] as Jack Morgan said, "one soiled thumb could undo the work of 900 years".[100] Only ten scholars could initially enter the building at once.[101] The library's collection continued to grow, with emphasis placed on rare items; for example, though only four items were acquired in 1926, all of these were unique manuscripts.[73] To accommodate additional scholars, the Morgan Library announced plans for an annex in January 1927,[102][103] which required the demolition of the house at 219 Madison Avenue.[104][105] The annex was completed in 1928.[63][106][107]

 
Interior of the library

The Morgan Library continued to expand its collections;[108] for instance, between 1936 and 1940, it acquired twelve manuscripts and dozens of drawings.[109] In the 25 years after it became a public institution, the Morgan Library acquired 200 total manuscripts, 83 books, and hundreds of autograph letters and papers.[110] Through the early 1940s, the Morgan Library continued to limit access only to researchers,[111] prompting city officials to request that the library's tax-exempt status be removed because it was not a public library.[112] In December 1942, Morgan Library officials agreed to open the library to the general public, and city officials agreed not to fight the library's tax-exempt status.[111][113] Many of the library's most valuable artifacts were transported to other locations in the U.S. in 1942 to protect them from possible World War II airstrikes; the objects were returned to the library in December 1944.[114][115] The Fellows of The Pierpont Morgan Library was formed in 1949 to raise funds for the collections and distribute funds to scholars and publications.[116]

The Pierpont Morgan Library started to host concerts and tours during the 1950s,[87] Officials began raising $3 million for an expansion of the library in 1959; the money was to fund modifications to the annex and a new lecture hall, as well as artifact purchases and new programs.[117] In 1960, the main library and its annex were connected by a cloister structure. The renovation, designed by J. P. Morgan's nephew Alexander P. Morgan,[63] was completed in 1962 and included office space, a gallery, and meeting space.[60][108][116]

The Phelps Stokes/Morgan house was designated by the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission (LPC) in 1965 as one of the first structures to be protected under New York City's Landmarks Law.[55] Next door, the LPC designated the exterior of the library's main building as a city landmark in 1966,[24] and that structure was declared a National Historic Landmark the same year.[4][118][119] However, the Lutheran Church had hoped to erect an office structure on the site of the Phelps Stokes/Morgan house[120] and heavily opposed the house's designation. As a result, in 1974, the landmark status was removed from that house following a New York Court of Appeals ruling.[55][121] The Pierpont Morgan Library constructed a five-story, 26-by-30-foot (7.9 by 9.1 m) addition to the annex in 1975 to plans by Platt, Wyckoff & Coles; the addition was intended to house storage vaults and offices.[122] In 1982, the main library building's interior was designated a city landmark.[123]

Late 20th century to present edit

In 1988, the Pierpont Morgan Library bought 231 Madison Avenue from the Lutheran Church.[124] The garden between the house and the main building's annex was redeveloped with a glass conservatory designed by Voorsanger and Mills. The conservatory, the first major expansion to the Pierpont Morgan Library since the completion of Morris's annex, was finished in 1991 and connected the two structures.[55][125][126] The house became the Pierpont Morgan Library's bookstore.[5] In 1999, the Morgan opened a drawing center on the second floor of the annex, designed by Beyer Blinder Belle.[108][127] The same year, the Morgan received $10 million from Eugene V. Thaw and Clare E. Thaw;[128] these funds were used to establish the Thaw Conservation Center in 2002.[129][130]

By 2001, there were plans to expand the Pierpont Morgan Library.[5] The library presented preliminary plans to the LPC in 2002, in which it would build a new structure between 231 Madison Avenue and the original library's annex, to be designed by Italian architect Renzo Piano and Beyer Blinder Belle. The commission also sought to restore landmark status to 231 Madison Avenue, a move the library did not oppose.[131] In 2003, the Pierpont Morgan Library's buildings were closed for construction and expansion.[132][133] The library's director Charles Pierce said at the time: "We had a lecture hall, not a concert hall; a reading room that owed more to 1928 instead of 2006."[134] In the interim, it sponsored numerous traveling exhibitions around the country.[135] The library reopened on April 29, 2006, as the Morgan Library & Museum. With the completion of the renovation, the private office and vault of J. P. Morgan was also opened to the public.[135] A restoration of the main building's interior spaces was completed in 2010.[136][137][138]

The Morgan Library & Museum announced a four-year restoration of the main building's facade in February 2019, the first in the building's history.[139][140] As part of the project, the landscape designer Todd Longstaffe-Gowan designed a garden surrounding the original library building.[141][142] The LPC had initially expressed opposition to the construction of the garden, as there had not been a garden around the original Morgan Library. The agency approved the project after reviewing letters and other correspondences from J. P. Morgan, who had indicated that he had indeed wanted a garden around the library.[143] In addition, Integrated Conservation Resources restored the main building.[141] The museum was temporarily closed from March to September 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic.[144] The renovation cost $13 million in total[141] and was completed in 2022.[141][142][143]

Collection edit

Main category: Collection of the Morgan Library & Museum

The collection of the Morgan Library & Museum contained more than 350,000 objects by the early 21st century.[145][134]

Manuscripts edit

 
One of the illuminated manuscripts

The Morgan Library and Museum's collection contains a collection of illuminated manuscripts,[146] which date from the sixth to sixteenth centuries.[100] As early as 1923, the Morgan Library counted 560 illuminated manuscripts in its collection,[147] a number that had grown to over 1,100 by the 21st century.[146] Among the more famous manuscripts are the Morgan Bible, Morgan Beatus, Hours of Catherine of Cleves, Farnese Hours, Morgan Black Hours, and Codex Glazier.[100][148] The Morgan holds a copy of the letter written by Andrea Corsali from India in 1516; this letter, one of five in existence, contains the first description of the Southern Cross.[149]

The manuscript collection also contains authors' original manuscripts, including some by Sir Walter Scott[150] and Honoré de Balzac.[95] The library's early acquisitions included a Percy Bysshe Shelley notebook;[35][151] a Charles Dickens manuscript of A Christmas Carol;[87][152] original letters by Napoleon and Horace Walpole; and original drawings for The Pickwick Papers and the Book of Job.[151] The collection also includes originals of poems by Robert Burns;[95] the notebooks of Nathaniel Hawthorne;[153] a final draft of Edgar Allan Poe's "A Tale of the Ragged Mountains";[134] a copy of "Three Stories and Ten Poems", one of Ernest Hemingway's first-ever short stories;[154] and a journal by Henry David Thoreau.[155][156] There are also writings from Émile Zola, Victor Hugo, Marie Antoinette, George Sand, Alexandre Dumas, and Thomas Moore,[147] as well as manuscripts of nine of Sir Walter Scott's novels, including Ivanhoe.[95] Other documents in the Morgan's collection are one of about two dozen original prints of the United States Declaration of Independence,[157] as well as letters dating as far back as ancient Babylonian times.[158]

The Morgan's musical manuscript collection is second in size only behind the Library of Congress.[87] These include autographed and annotated libretti and scores from Beethoven, Brahms, Chopin, Mahler and Verdi, and Mozart's Haffner Symphony in D Major.[95] The collection also contains the scraps of paper on which Bob Dylan jotted down "Blowin' in the Wind" and "It Ain't Me Babe".[159][160] It also contains a considerable collection of Victoriana, including one of the most important collections of Gilbert and Sullivan manuscripts and related artifacts.[161]

Books and prints edit

The Morgan contains a large collection of incunabula, prints, and drawings of European artists, namely Leonardo, Michelangelo, Raphael, Rembrandt, Rubens, Gainsborough, Dürer, and Picasso. The collection includes early printed Bibles and other religious works, among them three Gutenberg Bibles,[87] one of six original copies of the first Italian Bible,[100][162] a rare copy of the Mainz Psalter,[100][163] and the Golden Gospels of Henry III.[151] There are also many examples of fine bookbinding in the collection,[164] including copies of books by William Caxton, believed to be the first printer in Britain.[110]

 
A Gutenberg Bible on display at the Morgan Library

The Morgan also contains material from ancient Egypt and medieval liturgical objects (including Coptic literature examples);[165] William Blake's original drawings for his edition of the Book of Job; and concept drawings for The Little Prince by Antoine de Saint-Exupéry.[95] The Morgan has one of the world's greatest collections of ancient Near Eastern cylinder seals, small stone cylinders finely engraved with images for transfer to clay by rolling.[166]

Artwork edit

The collection still includes some Old Master paintings collected by Morgan, although artworks have never been the collection's focus.[167] The Old Master paintings include works by Hans Memling,[168][169] Perugino,[170] and Cima da Conegliano.[169] Some Old Master works have been sold off over the years. For example, the Morgan sold Domenico Ghirlandaio's masterpiece Portrait of Giovanna Tornabuoni to Heinrich Thyssen in 1938.[171][172] Other notable artists of the Morgan Library and Museum include Jean de Brunhoff, Paul Cézanne, Vincent van Gogh, John Leech, Gaston Phoebus, Rembrandt van Rijn, and John Ruskin.[173]

In addition to paintings, the Morgan's collection includes drawings, including eight Rembrandt etchings and 54 pencil, watercolor, and brush drawings by Eugène Delacroix.[112] The Morgan also holds medieval artworks such as the Stavelot Triptych[174][175][176] and the metalwork covers of the Lindau Gospels.[177][178] In 2018, the Morgan acquired the drawing Bathers by Renoir, a previously unexhibited work.[179] Historically, the Morgan has also displayed items on loan, including a bronze angel that was sold to the Frick Collection after Jack Morgan died in 1945.[180]

Other objects edit

Before J. P. Morgan died, he had acquired a variety of non-literary objects for the library, such as a Persian carpet, Genoese and Chinese vases, and an Egyptian carved-stone group.[181] The Washington Post reported in 1914 that the collections included "tapestries, bronzes and silver, Greek antiques, jeweled miniatures, porcelains, ancient jewelry, and wonderful books and manuscripts".[79] Among these were royal jewels, 70 pieces of old German silver, 64 miniatures, a set of 15th-century marble and bronze object, Chinese porcelain, and watches.[79][182] The library has sold off other parts of its collection, including Renaissance-era bronze medals in 1950.[183]

The Morgan has also acquired parts of other collections throughout its history. For example, the Morgan received 75 rare manuscripts from the William S. Glazier Collection in 1984,[184] and it acquired Carter Burden's collection of over 30,000 volumes of American literature in 1998.[185]

Architecture edit

Main building edit

The main building (also known as the McKim Building), constructed between 1902 and 1906 as the original structure in the complex, was designed in the Classical Revival style by Charles Follen McKim of McKim, Mead & White.[24][3][26] The original building occupies a lot of 117 by 50 feet (36 by 15 m)[46][47] and was intended to be similarly scaled to New York Public Library branches of the era.[26] The center of the original structure contained an extension measuring 73.5 feet (22.4 m) long, which gave the structure a "T" shape;[46] this small wing was intended to connect to a similar structure along 37th Street.[22] The original library building is placed behind a solid-bronze fence with hand-twisted bars.[46] The library building was acclaimed for its design; in a 1932 survey of 50 American architects, eleven ranked the Morgan Library as the United States' best building, more than all except three other structures.[186][187]

Facade edit

 
Edward Clark Potter's lionesses flank the main entrance

The building has a facade of Tennessee marble,[141] behind which is an air gap and an interior brick wall.[46] McKim took his inspiration from the Villa Giulia, particularly the attic of its Nymphaeum.[27][39][40][188] Further inspiration came from the Villa Medici in Rome, constructed in the 16th century by Annibale Lippi.[26][40][188][189] The exterior walls are made of dry masonry, which allowed the marble blocks to be set evenly, thus requiring a minimal amount of mortar.[47][3][190][188] Tinfoil sheeting was placed between the blocks to prevent moisture buildup.[45][47] The tinfoil sheeting measures 1⁄64 inch (0.40 mm) thick and is laid between the horizontal joints.[45] Charles T. Wills was responsible for the dry masonry construction.[63] The Wall Street Journal reported upon the library's completion, "No other building in Europe or America was ever erected with this care."[47]

The main entrance is a Palladian arch at the center of the 36th Street facade. It is composed of an arched opening 14 feet (4.3 m) wide, flanked by two openings under flat lintels, each of which is 9 feet (2.7 m) wide.[191] There are two recessed niches on that facade, one on each side of the entrance.[39] Surrounding the library is a garden, which covers 5,000 square feet (460 m2) and contains artifacts from J. P. Morgan's collection.[141][143] The garden also contains pathways embedded with pebbles, which Sicilian craftsman Orazio Porto laid manually.[142]

The central archway contains a portico with a groin vaulted ceiling,[190] supported by four Ionic columns, two on each side.[188] A flight of steps, leading to the main entrance, is flanked by two lionesses sculpted by Edward Clark Potter, who would later create the two lions that guard the New York Public Library Main Branch.[24][57][60][192][58] Above the entranceway are allegorical roundels and panels, which was originally given to Andrew O'Connor[58][193] and then reassigned to Adolph Weinman after O'Connor could not complete his contract.[24][192] These panels depict tragic and lyric poetry.[193] The portico has a geometric mosaic tile floor with marble.[58] Inside the portico is a 16th-century pair of bronze doors,[194] imported from Florence and made in the style of Lorenzo Ghiberti's doors at the Florence Baptistery.[60][190][195] Each door contains five carved bronze panels, which depict allegorical scenes.[195] The 36th Street facade contains six Doric style pilasters flanking the main entrance.[60][188][190]

Interior edit

  •  

    Library (east) room

  •  

    Rotunda (center) room

  •  

    Study (west) room

The interior of the main library building is richly decorated, with a polychrome rotunda. It leads to three public rooms: Morgan's private study to the west, the librarian's office to the north, and the original library to the east.[26][57] Each of the three rooms had dozens of bookcase doors. As a fireproofing measure, almost nothing in the library was made of wood, except for the bookcases' frames and a few doors. The bookcases had glass shelves and were covered with steel grilles.[194] Morgan also had a steel vault where he kept his most valuable manuscripts,[46][72] as well as asbestos shutters that could seal off the building's windows if it was necessary.[46]

The rotunda has a ceiling with murals and plasterwork inspired by Raphael, created by H. Siddons Mowbray.[60][193][194] On the north side of the ceiling is a half-dome with ten relief panels in a blue-and-white color scheme.[196][197] The lunette panels on the west, east, and south sides of the ceiling, measuring 23 feet (7.0 m) high,[196] allude to material in Morgan's collection.[198][199] There is also a central dome, which contains roundels and rectangular panels with various figures or motifs,[197][200] as well as an octagonal central skylight.[201] The rotunda floor is clad with multicolored marble, patterned after the floor of the Villa Pia in Vatican City,[193][202] and features a porphyry centerpiece.[196] The walls contain mosaic baseboards and are separated into panels with vertical pilasters, topped by Composite style pilasters.[202] When the library first opened, the rotunda was furnished with two 15th-century chairs and a bronze bust by Benvenuto Cellini.[73][194] The doorways to the rooms on the east and west are made of white marble, topped by marble entablatures and flanked by green marble columns.[202] To the north or rear was a librarian's room.[194]

There are two exhibition rooms.[47] The East Library features triple-tiered bookcases, the upper tiers of which could only be accessed by balconies.[24][60][197] On the east wall of the East Library is a fireplace with a tapestry showing the "Triumph of Avarice".[45][197][203] The fireplace itself dates from the 15th century[194] and was imported from Italy.[204] Mowbray designed eighteen lunettes and spandrels atop each wall, modeled after the work of Pinturicchio.[201][204] The figures in the lunettes alternate between allegorical female muses and notable artists, explorers, or teachers.[60][197][205] Zodiac symbols are placed on the spandrels, as the signs of the zodiac were particularly important to J. P. Morgan.[36][201][205][206] Particularly prominent are the zodiac signs over the entrance: Aries corresponds to J. P. Morgan's birth on April 17, 1837, and Gemini corresponds to his marriage to Frances Louisa Tracy on May 31, 1865. Two additional spandrels contain allegorical motifs that depict changing seasons.[205][206] The East Library had three levels of shelves and is the largest room in the main library wing.[45]

Morgan's study, now the West Library,[194] was described by historian Wayne Andrews as "one of the greatest achievements of American interior decoration".[50][203] The design of the study reflected Morgan's tastes; as his son-in-law Herbert Satterlee said, "No one could really know Mr. Morgan at all unless he had seen him in the West Room."[75][207] The West Library contains low wooden bookshelves as well as a fireplace with a marble mantelpiece.[50][207][208] The decorative elements include stained glass panels in the study's windows, as well as a wall covering of red damask.[45][50][207][209] The current damask covering, a replica by Scalamandré, is a copy of a pattern that was displayed at Rome's Chigi Palace.[50][207] The coffered ceiling was reportedly purchased in Italian cardinal's palace.[45][107] The artist James Wall Finn painted coats-of-arms onto the ceiling based on Italian bookplates from Morgan's collection.[50][207][107] Finn's work was designed in such an authentic manner that it was frequently mistaken as part of the ceiling's original design.[107]

Madison Avenue and 36th Street annex edit

The corner of Madison Avenue and 36th Street contains a two-story Italianate style structure designed by Benjamin Wistar Morris, with space for offices, exhibitions, and a research library.[89][210] The annex, made of the same Tennessee marble as the original, was completed in 1928.[63][106][107] It measures 90.67 by 60.5 feet (28 by 18 m),[105] with a later 26-by-30-foot (7.9 by 9.1 m) addition.[122] The annex has some architectural details differing from that of the original structure.[24][89][3] While architectural historian Robert A. M. Stern said the addition "did not frame McKim's jewel box so much as sidle up to it like an unattractive sibling",[89] Norval White and Elliot Willensky thought the annex "modestly defers to its master".[3]

231 Madison Avenue edit

 
231 Madison Avenue

Also part of the library grounds is 231 Madison Avenue, an Italianate brownstone house on the southeast corner of Madison Avenue and East 37th Street, which was the home of Isaac Newton Phelps and later J. P. "Jack" Morgan Jr.[5] The house contains the Morgan Shop on its northern side, facing 37th Street, and the Morgan Dining Room on its southern side.[211] The house is set behind a barricade composed of a wrought-iron fence atop a brownstone ledge. The house was originally three stories tall and faced with pink stone, but after R. H. Robertson's renovation of 1888, became four stories tall with a raised basement. An office annex to the east, built in 1957, was originally faced with brick.[212] Before the Morgan acquired it in 1988, it was a headquarters of the Lutheran Church.[94]

The Madison Avenue facade consists of three vertical bays. An entrance stoop with a balustrade is on the Madison Avenue side of the structure, extending to a portico in the central bay, which is supported by a pair of Corinthian columns. On either side of the entrance doorway are rectangular sash windows, containing large sills with wrought-iron balustrades. The second and third stories each have three rectangular, multi-pane windows with sills atop console brackets. A cornice runs above the third story. The attic contains small Ionic colonettes, as well as rounded pediments atop two of the bays.[212]

Along 37th Street, the water table containing the raised basement is topped by a molding. The original 1853 house to the west and the 1888 extension to the east are divided by a pier about halfway through the length of the facade, which spans the first through third stories. The original section of the house is three bays wide and contains window articulation similar to that of the Madison Avenue facade. On the first floor, the second opening from west has a balcony with an iron balustrade and a pediment supported by Corinthian columns. On the original second floor, the second bay from west is flanked by oval windows on either side, while the third bay from west is an oriel window. Within the 1888 extension, the first floor contains a projecting three-sided bay supported by pilasters and flanked by carved panels, as well as a blind arch opening to the east. The second floor of the extension contains paired window openings flanking a smaller triple window, while the third floor contains paired windows on either side of an oval window. The cornice above the third floor, as well as the attic, in both the original house and its extension is similar to that on Madison Avenue.[212] Inside the residence's attic is the 5,600-square-foot (520 m2) Thaw Conservation Center.[213]

The southern facade of the house faces the rest of the library and is mostly obscured behind the 2006 addition. The westernmost portion of that facade, near Madison Avenue, contains rounded first- and second-story windows. There are also three-sided angled windows at the center of that facade.[214]

Entrance building edit

 
The interior of the Renzo Piano addition

The most recent addition to the library, completed in 2006, is a four-story, steel-and-glass entrance building designed by Renzo Piano and Beyer Blinder Belle.[24] The entrance building expanded the Morgan Library's area by 75,000 square feet (7,000 m2).[215][135][216] The structure links McKim's library building, the annex, and the Phelps Stokes/Morgan house.[135][216] There are four galleries in this section of the museum: the Clare Eddy Thaw Gallery, the Morgan Stanley Galleries West and East, and the Engelhard Gallery.[211] The steel structural members are covered in rose-tinted paint as an allusion to the designs of main library and Phelps Stokes/Morgan house.[216] Although externally "bland", the building helps to organize the interior spaces of the complex.[3]

The entrance building contains the JPMorgan Chase Lobby just inside the main entrance. On the lobby's north wall, stairs lead up to the Morgan Shop and Morgan Dining Room, and there is an admission counter and coat room. The south wall has a corridor to the Marble Hall and the Morgan Stanley Galleries West and East, as well as stairs to the Engelhard Gallery on the second floor. The east wall of the lobby has a stair to the lower level as well as elevators to both the Engelhard Gallery and the second level.[211]

Gilbert Court, a covered courtyard at the center of the complex,[217][218] surrounds the entrance building on the north, east, and south.[211] On the south wall of the court is the Clare Eddy Thaw Gallery,[211] a 20-by-20-by-20-foot (6.1 m × 6.1 m × 6.1 m) space inspired by Renaissance chambers that Piano observed in Italy.[134][216][215] The facades of the new above-ground buildings contain pinkish steel-and-glass curtain walls, which were intended to recall the design of the earlier buildings.[215] At the court's southeast corner, stairs lead up to the original Morgan Library building, connecting to a vestibule between Morgan's study (the West Library) and the rotunda.[211] Within the entrance building is Gilder Lehrman Hall, an auditorium about 65 feet (20 m) below street level, with 260[215] or 280 seats.[219][220] New storage rooms were also created by drilling into Manhattan's bedrock schist.[215][219] The underground rooms extend to a depth of 55 feet (17 m) and contain much of the Morgan Library's collection.[134]

Management edit

The scope of the collection was initially curated by Belle da Costa Greene, who had been J. P. Morgan's personal librarian when the private library had been founded in 1905. When the Pierpont Morgan Library became a public institution, she served as the library's first director until her retirement in 1948.[221][222] The library's second director, Frederick Baldwin Adams Jr.,[223] served until 1969, when he was succeeded by Charles Ryskamp.[224] Ryskamp, the third director, resigned in 1987 and was replaced by Charles Eliot Pierce Jr.[225] Pierce served as the fourth director of the Pierpont Morgan Library until 2008, when he announced his intention to retire.[226] The library's fifth director, William M. Griswold, served between 2008 and 2015, during which he oversaw the growth of its collections, exhibition programs, and curatorial departments.[227] In 2015, the Morgan named Colin Bailey as its sixth director.[228]

Felice Stampfle was appointed the first Curator of Drawings and Prints at the Morgan Library in 1945.[229][230]

See also edit

References edit

Notes edit

  1. ^ a b Johnston, Louis; Williamson, Samuel H. (2023). "What Was the U.S. GDP Then?". MeasuringWorth. Retrieved January 1, 2023. United States Gross Domestic Product deflator figures follow the Measuring Worth series.

Citations edit

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  2. ^ a b c "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. July 9, 2010.
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  4. ^ a b . National Historic Landmark summary listing. National Park Service. September 18, 2007. Archived from the original on October 10, 2012.
  5. ^ a b c d e "Streetscapes/Morgan Library's Bookstore at 37th Street and Madison Avenue; A Brownstone Holdout Among the Skyscrapers". The New York Times. August 26, 2001. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on April 23, 2022. Retrieved January 1, 2021.
  6. ^ a b c d Landmarks Preservation Commission 2002, p. 2.
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  8. ^ Strouse 1999, p. 74.
  9. ^ Landmarks Preservation Commission 2002, pp. 2–3.
  10. ^ a b c d Landmarks Preservation Commission 2002, p. 3.
  11. ^ Strouse 1999, p. 195.
  12. ^ Strouse 1999, pp. 226–229.
  13. ^ Landmarks Preservation Commission 2002, pp. 3–4.
  14. ^ Strouse 1999, pp. 11–21.
  15. ^ a b c Roth 1983, p. 288.
  16. ^ National Park Service 1966, p. 5.
  17. ^ Wilson 1983, pp. 218–219.
  18. ^ Landmarks Preservation Commission 1982, p. 2.
  19. ^ Adams 1974, p. 7
  20. ^ Landmarks Preservation Commission 1982, pp. 2–3.
  21. ^ a b c d e Landmarks Preservation Commission 2002, p. 4.
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October 27, 2023
morgan, library, museum, formerly, pierpont, morgan, library, museum, research, library, murray, hill, neighborhood, manhattan, york, city, situated, madison, avenue, between, 36th, street, south, 37th, street, north, composed, several, structures, main, build. The Morgan Library amp Museum formerly the Pierpont Morgan Library is a museum and research library in the Murray Hill neighborhood of Manhattan in New York City It is situated at 225 Madison Avenue between 36th Street to the south and 37th Street to the north The Morgan Library amp Museum is composed of several structures The main building was designed by Charles McKim of the firm of McKim Mead and White with an annex designed by Benjamin Wistar Morris A 19th century Italianate brownstone house at 231 Madison Avenue built by Isaac Newton Phelps is also part of the grounds The museum and library also contains a glass entrance building designed by Renzo Piano and Beyer Blinder Belle The main building and its interior is a New York City designated landmark and a National Historic Landmark while the house at 231 Madison Avenue is a New York City landmark Morgan Library amp MuseumThe library s main buildingInteractive fullscreen mapFormer namePierpont Morgan LibraryEstablished1906 1906 private library March 28 1924 1924 03 28 public institution Location225 Madison Avenue at East 36th Street Manhattan New York CityCoordinates40 44 57 N 73 58 53 W 40 74917 N 73 98139 W 40 74917 73 98139Typemuseum and libraryCollection size350 000Visitors274 000 fiscal year 2019 1 FounderJ P MorganDirectorColin B BaileyArchitectCharles Follen McKim main building Benjamin Wistar Morris main building annex Isaac Newton Phelps 231 Madison Avenue Renzo Piano and Beyer Blinder Belle expansion Public transit accessSubway at Grand Central 42nd Street at 33rd StreetBus M1 M2 M3 M4 M34 SBS M34A SBS M42 Q32Websitethemorgan wbr orgJ Pierpont Morgan LibraryU S National Register of Historic PlacesU S National Historic LandmarkNew York State Register of Historic PlacesNew York City Landmark No 0239 1119 2114Location225 Madison Avenueat East 36th StreetManhattan New York CityBuilt1900 06 2 ArchitectCharles Follen McKim 3 Architectural stylePalladianNRHP reference No 66000544 2 NYSRHP No 06101 000434NYCL No 0239 1119 2114Significant datesAdded to NRHPNovember 13 1966 2 Designated NHLNovember 13 1966 4 Designated NYSRHPJune 23 1980Designated NYCLMay 17 1966 exterior March 23 1982 interior February 26 2002 Phelps Stokes J P Morgan Jr House The site was formerly occupied by residences of the Phelps family one of which banker J P Morgan had purchased in 1880 The Morgan Library was founded in 1906 to house Morgan s private library which included manuscripts and printed books as well as his collection of prints and drawings The main building was constructed between 1902 and 1906 for 1 2 million The library was made a public institution in 1924 by J P Morgan s son John Pierpont Morgan Jr in accordance with his father s will and the annex was constructed in 1928 The glass entrance building was added when Morgan Library amp Museum was renovated in 2006 The Morgan Library and Museum contains a collection of illuminated manuscripts including those of the Morgan Bible Morgan Beatus Hours of Catherine of Cleves Farnese Hours Morgan Black Hours and Codex Glazier The manuscript collection also contains authors original manuscripts as well as a musical manuscript collection that is second in size only behind the Library of Congress The Morgan contains a large collection of incunabula prints and drawings of European artists as well as many examples of fine bookbinding The collection still includes some Old Master paintings collected by Morgan although these have never been the collection s focus Contents 1 History 1 1 Phelps Stokes Dodge houses 1 1 1 Morgan estate 1 2 Founding of library 1 2 1 Construction 1 2 2 Opening and early years 1 2 3 After Morgan s death 1 3 Public institution and expansion 1 3 1 Incorporation and mid 20th century 1 3 2 Late 20th century to present 2 Collection 2 1 Manuscripts 2 2 Books and prints 2 3 Artwork 2 4 Other objects 3 Architecture 3 1 Main building 3 1 1 Facade 3 1 2 Interior 3 2 Madison Avenue and 36th Street annex 3 3 231 Madison Avenue 3 4 Entrance building 4 Management 5 See also 6 References 6 1 Notes 6 2 Citations 6 3 Sources 7 External linksHistory editPhelps Stokes Dodge houses edit In the second half of the 19th century the Morgan Library amp Museum s site was occupied by four brownstone houses on the east side of Madison Avenue between 36th Street to the south and 37th Street to the north The houses were all built in 1852 or 1853 by members of the Phelps Stokes Dodge family 5 6 Three houses were built along Madison Avenue on lots measuring 65 feet 20 m wide by 157 feet 48 m deep while a fourth house to the east measured 18 feet 5 5 m wide and stretched 197 5 feet 60 2 m between 37th and 36th Streets All the houses were designed in an Italianate style with pink brownstone 6 The Madison Avenue houses from north to south were owned by Isaac Newton Phelps William E Dodge and John Jay Phelps while the 37th Street house was owned by George D Phelps 5 6 Each house had 7 The surrounding neighborhood of Murray Hill was not yet developed at the time but began to grow after the American Civil War 8 9 Isaac Newton Phelps s daughter Helen married Anson Phelps Stokes in 1865 Their son architect Isaac Newton Phelps Stokes was born in the Isaac Newton Phelps house at 231 Madison Avenue two years later Helen Phelps inherited the house following her father s death In 1888 she doubled the size of her house and added an attic to plans by architect R H Robertson 6 Morgan estate edit Hartford Connecticut born banker John Pierpont Morgan was looking to buy his own house by 1880 He wished to live in Murray Hill where many of his and his wife s friends and business contacts lived 10 Morgan sought to buy John Jay Phelps s house at 219 Madison Avenue at the corner with 36th Street which was offered for 225 000 11 10 He acquired the house in 1881 and renovated it over the following two years 10 The exterior was largely retained to harmonize with the other houses owned by the Phelpses and Dodge but the interior was extensively renovated by the Herter Brothers 10 12 During this time Morgan began to amass a large collection of fine art inspired by that of his father Junius Spencer Morgan The art was stored in his house in England to avoid import taxes J P Morgan also began collecting rare books and other bindings upon his nephew Junius s suggestion since books were not subject to import taxes they were stored in the basement of his New York residence 13 14 15 In subsequent years Morgan became one of the most influential financiers in the United States 15 16 17 J P Morgan s collection began to grow quickly after his father died in 1890 18 19 While part of Morgan s collection was stored in the basement of his house other items were loaned or placed in storage 20 By 1900 the plots north and east of J P Morgan s house became available for sale after the death of Melissa Stokes Dodge who lived in the Dodge mansion just north of Morgan s house 21 Morgan bought a 75 foot wide 23 m plot east of his residence in 1900 22 23 and two years later acquired two adjacent lots with a total frontage of 50 feet 15 m 22 On the far eastern side of that plot McKim Mead amp White designed a six story house at 33 East 36th Street for Morgan s daughter Louisa and her husband Herbert Satterlee 24 25 26 27 The Satterlees house was made of limestone as contrasted with the brownstones on Madison Avenue and was connected to Morgan s own home by tunnels 28 Morgan acquired William E Dodge s home in April 1903 29 30 While the Satterlee house was under construction the couple moved into the Dodge mansion 21 By late 1904 Morgan had also purchased the old Isaac Newton Stokes house at 229 Madison Avenue for his son J P Morgan Jr who was known as Jack 31 32 33 When Jack Morgan and his wife Jane Norton Grew moved into 229 Madison Avenue in 1905 he commissioned a major renovation of the interior and renumbered it as 231 Madison Avenue Jack Morgan also performed 1 900 in changes to the house s exterior 21 34 J P Morgan came to own two thirds of the city block 35 his holdings by 1907 included the whole 197 5 foot 60 2 m frontage on Madison Avenue stretching 300 feet 91 m on 36th Street and 167 feet 51 m on 37th Street 22 Founding of library edit Construction edit nbsp The library c 1910 shortly after its completionMorgan s book collection took up more space than could fit in his residence by 1900 36 and he was unable to expand the house at 219 Madison Avenue due to the presence of an 18 foot wide 5 5 m driveway east of it 22 37 That January he bought a 75 by 100 foot 23 by 30 m plot of land on 36th Street between his own house and the Satterlee home for a library 37 The site had been occupied by two brownstone homes at 35 and 37 East 36th Street which Morgan promptly razed 22 38 He then hired Warren and Wetmore to design a Baroque style library 15 39 40 After rejecting Warren and Wetmore s plans Morgan hired Charles McKim of McKim Mead amp White to design the library in 1902 21 41 40 C T Wills was hired as the builder 42 The library was to be a classical marble structure with a simple design Morgan had told McKim that I want a gem 27 Whitney Warren of Warren and Wetmore had then just completed the elaborately decorated New York Yacht Club Building 28 43 and Warren had wanted to design a domed structure 43 Morgan s preference for an austere structure may have led him to reject Warren and Wetmore 28 Morgan and McKim planned the library s design over the next two years while McKim was responsible for the overall design Morgan had final say over the aspects of the plan An initial proposal for the design entailed building a projecting central mass with recessed wings on either side which Morgan deemed to be unwieldy The second version of the plan reduced the size of the central mass and added a recessed entrance The final designs called for the front facades of either wing to be flush with the central mass 27 Morgan was insistent that the library be made of marble even though everyone in his family except for his daughter Louisa lived in a brownstone house 28 By early 1903 workers were laying the foundation for the library 44 Construction began that April 45 and the library was being dubbed as Mr Morgan s jewel case by the next year 42 Few details of the library were given out during construction as Morgan prohibited the workers from talking to the press 46 The Wall Street Journal reported in June 1906 when the library was near completion that Morgan had wanted the most perfect structure that human hands could erect and was willing to pay whatever it cost 47 For example the usage of dry masonry marble blocks an uncommon construction method in which masonry blocks were shaved precisely to remove the need for joints made of mortar added 50 000 to the cost of construction 39 40 45 48 McKim had suggested the dry masonry blocks to Morgan after having unsuccessfully tried to place a knife blade in the joints of Athens s Erechtheion and he ordered a plaster cast from his former employee Gorham Stevens who worked in Athens 35 45 49 Morgan was impressed with the quality of the work as McKim recalled in a February 1906 letter to his colleague Stanford White 50 51 Even so Morgan often upheld the library as an accomplishment of McKim s 50 52 The final design was more representative of the work of William M Kendall from McKim Mead amp White 53 Morgan acquired two hundred cases of books which were temporarily stored in the Lenox Library and moved to Morgan s personal library starting in December 1905 54 Around the same time Morgan hired Belle da Costa Greene as his personal librarian 55 56 Opening and early years edit Morgan first used his office in November 1906 with a reception for the Metropolitan Museum of Art s purchasing committee The details were not completed until January 1907 and the Morgan collection was relocated into the library later that year 45 Morgan s library had cost 1 2 million equivalent to 27 689 million in 2021 a 21 24 53 57 Several publications praised the completed library 58 In 1906 the Real Estate Record and Guide wrote of McKim Mead amp White the new Morgan Library in Thirty sixth street is among their most carefully studied designs 59 The library building was described in another publication as one of the Seven Wonders of the Edwardian World 60 61 while Architectural Review called it icy and exquisite 35 A correspondent for the London Times in 1908 characterized John Pierpont Morgan as probably the greatest collector of things splendid and beautiful and rare who has ever lived 62 During the Panic of 1907 Morgan used his library to convene the city s bank presidents and trust company presidents locking his guests in the library overnight until they came to an agreement 63 To allow pedestrians to see his new library from Madison Avenue Morgan demolished the Dodge house in 1907 1908 7 64 and replaced it with a garden designed by Beatrix Farrand 65 As the librarian Greene was tasked with expanding the collection 66 67 as well as cataloging and researching the history of each item 68 She frequently searched for rare volumes in back alleys but she initially tended to avoid auctions and rarely spent more than 10 000 a book without the Morgans permission 66 Greene tended to acquire items created before the 16th century since Morgan believed that other libraries were able to adequately care for newer items 67 Morgan also decided to import the rest of his collection and display it at his library To avoid paying import taxes he was required to open the library to the public on certain days of the week 69 In the library s private office Morgan frequently met with British and French bankers 70 Among Morgan s larger acquisitions in the late 1900s and early 1910s was a collection of rare American authors manuscripts from merchant S H Wakeman in 1909 71 The Wall Street Journal wrote in 1911 that Mr Morgan buys books as some financiers buy a thousand shares of stock 72 in some years he spent half his income on the collection 73 Acquisitions continued until his death in March 1913 55 74 After Morgan s death edit nbsp J P Morgan s body being brought to his home and library after his death in RomeWhen Morgan died his estate was valued at 128 million about 2 608 billion in 2021 a over half of which lay in the worth of his collection 75 J P Morgan bequeathed the art collection to Jack with the request that Jack make the collection permanently available for the instruction and pleasure of the American people 55 76 77 The month after J P Morgan s death the New York state legislature granted a two year exemption enabling Jack to import his father s overseas collection without having to pay import duties 78 Jack did not publicly show interest in his father s art collection and reportedly did not expand it in the year after his father died 79 Jack sold off much of the overseas collection rather than importing it but he decided to keep the items that were already in his father s library 80 81 During 1914 the collection was displayed in full at the Metropolitan Museum of Art the only time the whole collection was displayed 55 82 The import duty exemption expired in April 1915 83 and Jack sold various items in the collection to pay the inheritance taxes and to raise money for the cash bequests in his father s will 55 73 The next year the collection was valued at 7 5 million for taxation purposes 84 85 Jack and Jane Morgan continued to employ Greene as the librarian expanding the collection with items in which they were personally interested 55 86 87 Frances Morgan Jack s mother and John Pierpont s widow lived at J P Morgan s old residence until her death in November 1924 55 By then despite Jack s opposition the surrounding stretch of Madison Avenue was being redeveloped as a business street 88 89 Although Jane Morgan died in 1925 Jack continued to live at 231 Madison Avenue until his death in 1943 90 and the Satterlee home remained in the Morgan family until 1944 91 92 The United Lutheran Church in America bought 231 Madison Avenue for its headquarters in 1943 93 and built a five story annex there in 1957 55 94 Public institution and expansion edit Incorporation and mid 20th century edit The Pierpont Morgan Library was incorporated as a public institution in March 1924 95 96 a month after Jack Morgan announced that he would transfer the collection to a board of trustees and provide a 1 5 million endowment for the library 97 98 The Morgans transferred the library building and the land under 219 Madison Avenue to the Pierpont Morgan Library 55 Greene was retained as the librarian 98 The Morgan Library was not a public library and initially only allowed researchers into the space 99 100 as Jack Morgan said one soiled thumb could undo the work of 900 years 100 Only ten scholars could initially enter the building at once 101 The library s collection continued to grow with emphasis placed on rare items for example though only four items were acquired in 1926 all of these were unique manuscripts 73 To accommodate additional scholars the Morgan Library announced plans for an annex in January 1927 102 103 which required the demolition of the house at 219 Madison Avenue 104 105 The annex was completed in 1928 63 106 107 nbsp Interior of the libraryThe Morgan Library continued to expand its collections 108 for instance between 1936 and 1940 it acquired twelve manuscripts and dozens of drawings 109 In the 25 years after it became a public institution the Morgan Library acquired 200 total manuscripts 83 books and hundreds of autograph letters and papers 110 Through the early 1940s the Morgan Library continued to limit access only to researchers 111 prompting city officials to request that the library s tax exempt status be removed because it was not a public library 112 In December 1942 Morgan Library officials agreed to open the library to the general public and city officials agreed not to fight the library s tax exempt status 111 113 Many of the library s most valuable artifacts were transported to other locations in the U S in 1942 to protect them from possible World War II airstrikes the objects were returned to the library in December 1944 114 115 The Fellows of The Pierpont Morgan Library was formed in 1949 to raise funds for the collections and distribute funds to scholars and publications 116 The Pierpont Morgan Library started to host concerts and tours during the 1950s 87 Officials began raising 3 million for an expansion of the library in 1959 the money was to fund modifications to the annex and a new lecture hall as well as artifact purchases and new programs 117 In 1960 the main library and its annex were connected by a cloister structure The renovation designed by J P Morgan s nephew Alexander P Morgan 63 was completed in 1962 and included office space a gallery and meeting space 60 108 116 The Phelps Stokes Morgan house was designated by the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission LPC in 1965 as one of the first structures to be protected under New York City s Landmarks Law 55 Next door the LPC designated the exterior of the library s main building as a city landmark in 1966 24 and that structure was declared a National Historic Landmark the same year 4 118 119 However the Lutheran Church had hoped to erect an office structure on the site of the Phelps Stokes Morgan house 120 and heavily opposed the house s designation As a result in 1974 the landmark status was removed from that house following a New York Court of Appeals ruling 55 121 The Pierpont Morgan Library constructed a five story 26 by 30 foot 7 9 by 9 1 m addition to the annex in 1975 to plans by Platt Wyckoff amp Coles the addition was intended to house storage vaults and offices 122 In 1982 the main library building s interior was designated a city landmark 123 Late 20th century to present edit In 1988 the Pierpont Morgan Library bought 231 Madison Avenue from the Lutheran Church 124 The garden between the house and the main building s annex was redeveloped with a glass conservatory designed by Voorsanger and Mills The conservatory the first major expansion to the Pierpont Morgan Library since the completion of Morris s annex was finished in 1991 and connected the two structures 55 125 126 The house became the Pierpont Morgan Library s bookstore 5 In 1999 the Morgan opened a drawing center on the second floor of the annex designed by Beyer Blinder Belle 108 127 The same year the Morgan received 10 million from Eugene V Thaw and Clare E Thaw 128 these funds were used to establish the Thaw Conservation Center in 2002 129 130 By 2001 there were plans to expand the Pierpont Morgan Library 5 The library presented preliminary plans to the LPC in 2002 in which it would build a new structure between 231 Madison Avenue and the original library s annex to be designed by Italian architect Renzo Piano and Beyer Blinder Belle The commission also sought to restore landmark status to 231 Madison Avenue a move the library did not oppose 131 In 2003 the Pierpont Morgan Library s buildings were closed for construction and expansion 132 133 The library s director Charles Pierce said at the time We had a lecture hall not a concert hall a reading room that owed more to 1928 instead of 2006 134 In the interim it sponsored numerous traveling exhibitions around the country 135 The library reopened on April 29 2006 as the Morgan Library amp Museum With the completion of the renovation the private office and vault of J P Morgan was also opened to the public 135 A restoration of the main building s interior spaces was completed in 2010 136 137 138 The Morgan Library amp Museum announced a four year restoration of the main building s facade in February 2019 the first in the building s history 139 140 As part of the project the landscape designer Todd Longstaffe Gowan designed a garden surrounding the original library building 141 142 The LPC had initially expressed opposition to the construction of the garden as there had not been a garden around the original Morgan Library The agency approved the project after reviewing letters and other correspondences from J P Morgan who had indicated that he had indeed wanted a garden around the library 143 In addition Integrated Conservation Resources restored the main building 141 The museum was temporarily closed from March to September 2020 due to the COVID 19 pandemic 144 The renovation cost 13 million in total 141 and was completed in 2022 141 142 143 Collection editMain category Collection of the Morgan Library amp MuseumThe collection of the Morgan Library amp Museum contained more than 350 000 objects by the early 21st century 145 134 Manuscripts edit nbsp One of the illuminated manuscriptsThe Morgan Library and Museum s collection contains a collection of illuminated manuscripts 146 which date from the sixth to sixteenth centuries 100 As early as 1923 the Morgan Library counted 560 illuminated manuscripts in its collection 147 a number that had grown to over 1 100 by the 21st century 146 Among the more famous manuscripts are the Morgan Bible Morgan Beatus Hours of Catherine of Cleves Farnese Hours Morgan Black Hours and Codex Glazier 100 148 The Morgan holds a copy of the letter written by Andrea Corsali from India in 1516 this letter one of five in existence contains the first description of the Southern Cross 149 The manuscript collection also contains authors original manuscripts including some by Sir Walter Scott 150 and Honore de Balzac 95 The library s early acquisitions included a Percy Bysshe Shelley notebook 35 151 a Charles Dickens manuscript of A Christmas Carol 87 152 original letters by Napoleon and Horace Walpole and original drawings for The Pickwick Papers and the Book of Job 151 The collection also includes originals of poems by Robert Burns 95 the notebooks of Nathaniel Hawthorne 153 a final draft of Edgar Allan Poe s A Tale of the Ragged Mountains 134 a copy of Three Stories and Ten Poems one of Ernest Hemingway s first ever short stories 154 and a journal by Henry David Thoreau 155 156 There are also writings from Emile Zola Victor Hugo Marie Antoinette George Sand Alexandre Dumas and Thomas Moore 147 as well as manuscripts of nine of Sir Walter Scott s novels including Ivanhoe 95 Other documents in the Morgan s collection are one of about two dozen original prints of the United States Declaration of Independence 157 as well as letters dating as far back as ancient Babylonian times 158 The Morgan s musical manuscript collection is second in size only behind the Library of Congress 87 These include autographed and annotated libretti and scores from Beethoven Brahms Chopin Mahler and Verdi and Mozart s Haffner Symphony in D Major 95 The collection also contains the scraps of paper on which Bob Dylan jotted down Blowin in the Wind and It Ain t Me Babe 159 160 It also contains a considerable collection of Victoriana including one of the most important collections of Gilbert and Sullivan manuscripts and related artifacts 161 Books and prints edit The Morgan contains a large collection of incunabula prints and drawings of European artists namely Leonardo Michelangelo Raphael Rembrandt Rubens Gainsborough Durer and Picasso The collection includes early printed Bibles and other religious works among them three Gutenberg Bibles 87 one of six original copies of the first Italian Bible 100 162 a rare copy of the Mainz Psalter 100 163 and the Golden Gospels of Henry III 151 There are also many examples of fine bookbinding in the collection 164 including copies of books by William Caxton believed to be the first printer in Britain 110 nbsp A Gutenberg Bible on display at the Morgan LibraryThe Morgan also contains material from ancient Egypt and medieval liturgical objects including Coptic literature examples 165 William Blake s original drawings for his edition of the Book of Job and concept drawings for The Little Prince by Antoine de Saint Exupery 95 The Morgan has one of the world s greatest collections of ancient Near Eastern cylinder seals small stone cylinders finely engraved with images for transfer to clay by rolling 166 Artwork edit The collection still includes some Old Master paintings collected by Morgan although artworks have never been the collection s focus 167 The Old Master paintings include works by Hans Memling 168 169 Perugino 170 and Cima da Conegliano 169 Some Old Master works have been sold off over the years For example the Morgan sold Domenico Ghirlandaio s masterpiece Portrait of Giovanna Tornabuoni to Heinrich Thyssen in 1938 171 172 Other notable artists of the Morgan Library and Museum include Jean de Brunhoff Paul Cezanne Vincent van Gogh John Leech Gaston Phoebus Rembrandt van Rijn and John Ruskin 173 In addition to paintings the Morgan s collection includes drawings including eight Rembrandt etchings and 54 pencil watercolor and brush drawings by Eugene Delacroix 112 The Morgan also holds medieval artworks such as the Stavelot Triptych 174 175 176 and the metalwork covers of the Lindau Gospels 177 178 In 2018 the Morgan acquired the drawing Bathers by Renoir a previously unexhibited work 179 Historically the Morgan has also displayed items on loan including a bronze angel that was sold to the Frick Collection after Jack Morgan died in 1945 180 Other objects edit Before J P Morgan died he had acquired a variety of non literary objects for the library such as a Persian carpet Genoese and Chinese vases and an Egyptian carved stone group 181 The Washington Post reported in 1914 that the collections included tapestries bronzes and silver Greek antiques jeweled miniatures porcelains ancient jewelry and wonderful books and manuscripts 79 Among these were royal jewels 70 pieces of old German silver 64 miniatures a set of 15th century marble and bronze object Chinese porcelain and watches 79 182 The library has sold off other parts of its collection including Renaissance era bronze medals in 1950 183 The Morgan has also acquired parts of other collections throughout its history For example the Morgan received 75 rare manuscripts from the William S Glazier Collection in 1984 184 and it acquired Carter Burden s collection of over 30 000 volumes of American literature in 1998 185 Architecture editMain building edit The main building also known as the McKim Building constructed between 1902 and 1906 as the original structure in the complex was designed in the Classical Revival style by Charles Follen McKim of McKim Mead amp White 24 3 26 The original building occupies a lot of 117 by 50 feet 36 by 15 m 46 47 and was intended to be similarly scaled to New York Public Library branches of the era 26 The center of the original structure contained an extension measuring 73 5 feet 22 4 m long which gave the structure a T shape 46 this small wing was intended to connect to a similar structure along 37th Street 22 The original library building is placed behind a solid bronze fence with hand twisted bars 46 The library building was acclaimed for its design in a 1932 survey of 50 American architects eleven ranked the Morgan Library as the United States best building more than all except three other structures 186 187 Facade edit nbsp Edward Clark Potter s lionesses flank the main entranceThe building has a facade of Tennessee marble 141 behind which is an air gap and an interior brick wall 46 McKim took his inspiration from the Villa Giulia particularly the attic of its Nymphaeum 27 39 40 188 Further inspiration came from the Villa Medici in Rome constructed in the 16th century by Annibale Lippi 26 40 188 189 The exterior walls are made of dry masonry which allowed the marble blocks to be set evenly thus requiring a minimal amount of mortar 47 3 190 188 Tinfoil sheeting was placed between the blocks to prevent moisture buildup 45 47 The tinfoil sheeting measures 1 64 inch 0 40 mm thick and is laid between the horizontal joints 45 Charles T Wills was responsible for the dry masonry construction 63 The Wall Street Journal reported upon the library s completion No other building in Europe or America was ever erected with this care 47 The main entrance is a Palladian arch at the center of the 36th Street facade It is composed of an arched opening 14 feet 4 3 m wide flanked by two openings under flat lintels each of which is 9 feet 2 7 m wide 191 There are two recessed niches on that facade one on each side of the entrance 39 Surrounding the library is a garden which covers 5 000 square feet 460 m2 and contains artifacts from J P Morgan s collection 141 143 The garden also contains pathways embedded with pebbles which Sicilian craftsman Orazio Porto laid manually 142 The central archway contains a portico with a groin vaulted ceiling 190 supported by four Ionic columns two on each side 188 A flight of steps leading to the main entrance is flanked by two lionesses sculpted by Edward Clark Potter who would later create the two lions that guard the New York Public Library Main Branch 24 57 60 192 58 Above the entranceway are allegorical roundels and panels which was originally given to Andrew O Connor 58 193 and then reassigned to Adolph Weinman after O Connor could not complete his contract 24 192 These panels depict tragic and lyric poetry 193 The portico has a geometric mosaic tile floor with marble 58 Inside the portico is a 16th century pair of bronze doors 194 imported from Florence and made in the style of Lorenzo Ghiberti s doors at the Florence Baptistery 60 190 195 Each door contains five carved bronze panels which depict allegorical scenes 195 The 36th Street facade contains six Doric style pilasters flanking the main entrance 60 188 190 Interior edit nbsp Library east room nbsp Rotunda center room nbsp Study west room The interior of the main library building is richly decorated with a polychrome rotunda It leads to three public rooms Morgan s private study to the west the librarian s office to the north and the original library to the east 26 57 Each of the three rooms had dozens of bookcase doors As a fireproofing measure almost nothing in the library was made of wood except for the bookcases frames and a few doors The bookcases had glass shelves and were covered with steel grilles 194 Morgan also had a steel vault where he kept his most valuable manuscripts 46 72 as well as asbestos shutters that could seal off the building s windows if it was necessary 46 The rotunda has a ceiling with murals and plasterwork inspired by Raphael created by H Siddons Mowbray 60 193 194 On the north side of the ceiling is a half dome with ten relief panels in a blue and white color scheme 196 197 The lunette panels on the west east and south sides of the ceiling measuring 23 feet 7 0 m high 196 allude to material in Morgan s collection 198 199 There is also a central dome which contains roundels and rectangular panels with various figures or motifs 197 200 as well as an octagonal central skylight 201 The rotunda floor is clad with multicolored marble patterned after the floor of the Villa Pia in Vatican City 193 202 and features a porphyry centerpiece 196 The walls contain mosaic baseboards and are separated into panels with vertical pilasters topped by Composite style pilasters 202 When the library first opened the rotunda was furnished with two 15th century chairs and a bronze bust by Benvenuto Cellini 73 194 The doorways to the rooms on the east and west are made of white marble topped by marble entablatures and flanked by green marble columns 202 To the north or rear was a librarian s room 194 There are two exhibition rooms 47 The East Library features triple tiered bookcases the upper tiers of which could only be accessed by balconies 24 60 197 On the east wall of the East Library is a fireplace with a tapestry showing the Triumph of Avarice 45 197 203 The fireplace itself dates from the 15th century 194 and was imported from Italy 204 Mowbray designed eighteen lunettes and spandrels atop each wall modeled after the work of Pinturicchio 201 204 The figures in the lunettes alternate between allegorical female muses and notable artists explorers or teachers 60 197 205 Zodiac symbols are placed on the spandrels as the signs of the zodiac were particularly important to J P Morgan 36 201 205 206 Particularly prominent are the zodiac signs over the entrance Aries corresponds to J P Morgan s birth on April 17 1837 and Gemini corresponds to his marriage to Frances Louisa Tracy on May 31 1865 Two additional spandrels contain allegorical motifs that depict changing seasons 205 206 The East Library had three levels of shelves and is the largest room in the main library wing 45 Morgan s study now the West Library 194 was described by historian Wayne Andrews as one of the greatest achievements of American interior decoration 50 203 The design of the study reflected Morgan s tastes as his son in law Herbert Satterlee said No one could really know Mr Morgan at all unless he had seen him in the West Room 75 207 The West Library contains low wooden bookshelves as well as a fireplace with a marble mantelpiece 50 207 208 The decorative elements include stained glass panels in the study s windows as well as a wall covering of red damask 45 50 207 209 The current damask covering a replica by Scalamandre is a copy of a pattern that was displayed at Rome s Chigi Palace 50 207 The coffered ceiling was reportedly purchased in Italian cardinal s palace 45 107 The artist James Wall Finn painted coats of arms onto the ceiling based on Italian bookplates from Morgan s collection 50 207 107 Finn s work was designed in such an authentic manner that it was frequently mistaken as part of the ceiling s original design 107 Madison Avenue and 36th Street annex edit The corner of Madison Avenue and 36th Street contains a two story Italianate style structure designed by Benjamin Wistar Morris with space for offices exhibitions and a research library 89 210 The annex made of the same Tennessee marble as the original was completed in 1928 63 106 107 It measures 90 67 by 60 5 feet 28 by 18 m 105 with a later 26 by 30 foot 7 9 by 9 1 m addition 122 The annex has some architectural details differing from that of the original structure 24 89 3 While architectural historian Robert A M Stern said the addition did not frame McKim s jewel box so much as sidle up to it like an unattractive sibling 89 Norval White and Elliot Willensky thought the annex modestly defers to its master 3 231 Madison Avenue edit nbsp 231 Madison AvenueAlso part of the library grounds is 231 Madison Avenue an Italianate brownstone house on the southeast corner of Madison Avenue and East 37th Street which was the home of Isaac Newton Phelps and later J P Jack Morgan Jr 5 The house contains the Morgan Shop on its northern side facing 37th Street and the Morgan Dining Room on its southern side 211 The house is set behind a barricade composed of a wrought iron fence atop a brownstone ledge The house was originally three stories tall and faced with pink stone but after R H Robertson s renovation of 1888 became four stories tall with a raised basement An office annex to the east built in 1957 was originally faced with brick 212 Before the Morgan acquired it in 1988 it was a headquarters of the Lutheran Church 94 The Madison Avenue facade consists of three vertical bays An entrance stoop with a balustrade is on the Madison Avenue side of the structure extending to a portico in the central bay which is supported by a pair of Corinthian columns On either side of the entrance doorway are rectangular sash windows containing large sills with wrought iron balustrades The second and third stories each have three rectangular multi pane windows with sills atop console brackets A cornice runs above the third story The attic contains small Ionic colonettes as well as rounded pediments atop two of the bays 212 Along 37th Street the water table containing the raised basement is topped by a molding The original 1853 house to the west and the 1888 extension to the east are divided by a pier about halfway through the length of the facade which spans the first through third stories The original section of the house is three bays wide and contains window articulation similar to that of the Madison Avenue facade On the first floor the second opening from west has a balcony with an iron balustrade and a pediment supported by Corinthian columns On the original second floor the second bay from west is flanked by oval windows on either side while the third bay from west is an oriel window Within the 1888 extension the first floor contains a projecting three sided bay supported by pilasters and flanked by carved panels as well as a blind arch opening to the east The second floor of the extension contains paired window openings flanking a smaller triple window while the third floor contains paired windows on either side of an oval window The cornice above the third floor as well as the attic in both the original house and its extension is similar to that on Madison Avenue 212 Inside the residence s attic is the 5 600 square foot 520 m2 Thaw Conservation Center 213 The southern facade of the house faces the rest of the library and is mostly obscured behind the 2006 addition The westernmost portion of that facade near Madison Avenue contains rounded first and second story windows There are also three sided angled windows at the center of that facade 214 Entrance building edit nbsp The interior of the Renzo Piano additionThe most recent addition to the library completed in 2006 is a four story steel and glass entrance building designed by Renzo Piano and Beyer Blinder Belle 24 The entrance building expanded the Morgan Library s area by 75 000 square feet 7 000 m2 215 135 216 The structure links McKim s library building the annex and the Phelps Stokes Morgan house 135 216 There are four galleries in this section of the museum the Clare Eddy Thaw Gallery the Morgan Stanley Galleries West and East and the Engelhard Gallery 211 The steel structural members are covered in rose tinted paint as an allusion to the designs of main library and Phelps Stokes Morgan house 216 Although externally bland the building helps to organize the interior spaces of the complex 3 The entrance building contains the JPMorgan Chase Lobby just inside the main entrance On the lobby s north wall stairs lead up to the Morgan Shop and Morgan Dining Room and there is an admission counter and coat room The south wall has a corridor to the Marble Hall and the Morgan Stanley Galleries West and East as well as stairs to the Engelhard Gallery on the second floor The east wall of the lobby has a stair to the lower level as well as elevators to both the Engelhard Gallery and the second level 211 Gilbert Court a covered courtyard at the center of the complex 217 218 surrounds the entrance building on the north east and south 211 On the south wall of the court is the Clare Eddy Thaw Gallery 211 a 20 by 20 by 20 foot 6 1 m 6 1 m 6 1 m space inspired by Renaissance chambers that Piano observed in Italy 134 216 215 The facades of the new above ground buildings contain pinkish steel and glass curtain walls which were intended to recall the design of the earlier buildings 215 At the court s southeast corner stairs lead up to the original Morgan Library building connecting to a vestibule between Morgan s study the West Library and the rotunda 211 Within the entrance building is Gilder Lehrman Hall an auditorium about 65 feet 20 m below street level with 260 215 or 280 seats 219 220 New storage rooms were also created by drilling into Manhattan s bedrock schist 215 219 The underground rooms extend to a depth of 55 feet 17 m and contain much of the Morgan Library s collection 134 Management editThe scope of the collection was initially curated by Belle da Costa Greene who had been J P Morgan s personal librarian when the private library had been founded in 1905 When the Pierpont Morgan Library became a public institution she served as the library s first director until her retirement in 1948 221 222 The library s second director Frederick Baldwin Adams Jr 223 served until 1969 when he was succeeded by Charles Ryskamp 224 Ryskamp the third director resigned in 1987 and was replaced by Charles Eliot Pierce Jr 225 Pierce served as the fourth director of the Pierpont Morgan Library until 2008 when he announced his intention to retire 226 The library s fifth director William M Griswold served between 2008 and 2015 during which he oversaw the growth of its collections exhibition programs and curatorial departments 227 In 2015 the Morgan named Colin Bailey as its sixth director 228 Felice Stampfle was appointed the first Curator of Drawings and Prints at the Morgan Library in 1945 229 230 See also edit nbsp Architecture portal nbsp New York City portal nbsp National Register of Historic Places portalList of museums and cultural institutions in New York City List of National Historic Landmarks in New York City List of New York City Designated Landmarks in Manhattan from 14th to 59th Streets National Register of Historic Places listings in Manhattan from 14th to 59th StreetsReferences editNotes edit a b Johnston Louis Williamson Samuel H 2023 What Was the U S GDP Then MeasuringWorth Retrieved January 1 2023 United States Gross Domestic Product deflator figures follow the Measuring Worth series Citations edit Pierpont Morgan Library GuideStar Archived from the original on February 22 2016 Retrieved January 3 2021 a b c National Register Information System National Register of Historic Places National Park Service July 9 2010 a b c d e f White Norval Willensky Elliot Leadon Fran 2010 AIA Guide to New York City 5th ed New York Oxford University Press p 281 ISBN 978 0 19538 386 7 a b J Pierpont Morgan Library National Historic Landmark summary listing National Park Service September 18 2007 Archived from the original on October 10 2012 a b c d e Streetscapes Morgan Library s Bookstore at 37th Street and Madison Avenue A Brownstone Holdout Among the Skyscrapers The New York Times August 26 2001 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on April 23 2022 Retrieved January 1 2021 a b c d Landmarks Preservation Commission 2002 p 2 a b A Stonishing Extravagances of the Hopelessly Rich How J Pierpont Morgan Tore Down a Half Million Dollar Mansion to Make a Garden Palaces of Other Multi millionaires Detroit Free Press March 15 1908 p D4 ProQuest 564128665 Strouse 1999 p 74 Landmarks Preservation Commission 2002 pp 2 3 a b c d Landmarks Preservation Commission 2002 p 3 Strouse 1999 p 195 Strouse 1999 pp 226 229 Landmarks Preservation Commission 2002 pp 3 4 Strouse 1999 pp 11 21 a b c Roth 1983 p 288 National Park Service 1966 p 5 Wilson 1983 pp 218 219 Landmarks Preservation Commission 1982 p 2 Adams 1974 p 7 Landmarks Preservation Commission 1982 pp 2 3 a b c d e Landmarks Preservation Commission 2002 p 4 a b c d e f J P Morgan s Plans for Beautified Home Private Park Will Take the Place of the Old Buildings Adjoining financier s Residence and Art Museum Preservation of Murray Hill Section of Madison Avenue Assured by Elaborate Scheme Proposed The New York Times June 16 1907 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on April 29 2022 Retrieved January 1 2021 Clubs on Upper 5th Avenue Historical Interest of A Coming Sale The Real Estate Record Real Estate Record and Builders Guide 65 1661 45 January 13 1900 Archived from the original on April 23 2022 Retrieved January 1 2021 via columbia edu a b c d e f g h i New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission Dolkart Andrew S Postal Matthew A 2009 Postal Matthew A ed Guide to New York City Landmarks 4th ed New York John Wiley amp Sons p 98 ISBN 978 0 470 28963 1 Status of New Work The Real Estate Record Real Estate Record and Builders Guide 74 1908 725 October 8 1904 Archived from the original on March 24 2022 Retrieved January 2 2021 via columbia edu a b c d e Stern Robert A M Gilmartin Gregory Massengale John Montague 1983 New York 1900 Metropolitan Architecture and Urbanism 1890 1915 New York Rizzoli pp 102 103 ISBN 0 8478 0511 5 OCLC 9829395 a b c d Roth 1983 p 289 a b c d Roth 1983 p 409 Mr Morgan s Purchase of Dodge House The New York Times April 29 1903 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on December 11 2022 Retrieved January 1 2021 The Real Estate World Gossip News and Personals The Real Estate Record Real Estate Record and Builders Guide 71 1830 704 April 11 1903 Archived from the original on April 17 2022 Retrieved January 2 2021 via columbia edu Strouse 1999 p 493 Forbes John 1981 J P Morgan Jr 1867 1943 Charlottesville University Press of Virginia pp 30 31 54 55 ISBN 978 0 8139 0889 2 OCLC 7274491 Morgan Has Block Front Buys From Mrs Stokes She Repurchases Old Home Across Madison ave New York Tribune November 23 1904 p 4 ISSN 1941 0646 ProQuest 571472649 The Real Estate World Gossip News and Personals The Real Estate Record Real Estate Record and Builders Guide 75 1939 1104 May 13 1905 Archived from the original on July 7 2022 Retrieved January 2 2021 via columbia edu a b c d Gray Christopher February 12 2006 A Private Library That Became a Public Treasure The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on October 4 2021 Retrieved August 3 2023 a b Goldberger Paul December 30 1981 Morgan Library Show Traces 75 year History The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on October 6 2021 Retrieved January 3 2021 a b Fireproof Home for His Valuable Manuscripts Will Be Built by Pierpont Morgan Cincinnati Enquirer February 24 1900 p 4 ProQuest 882375742 The Gorgeous Homes of New York Millionaires Pierpont Morgan Tore Down Two 150 000 Houses to Make Room for His Art Gallery The Sun March 15 1908 p 14 ProQuest 537521315 a b c d Landmarks Preservation Commission 1982 p 3 a b c d e Wilson 1983 p 219 Roth 1983 pp 288 289 a b Of Interest to the Building Trades The Real Estate Record Real Estate Record and Builders Guide 74 1908 729 October 8 1904 Archived from the original on October 6 2021 Retrieved January 2 2021 via columbia edu a b Lewis Michael J July 27 2022 J Pierpont Morgan s Library Building the Bookman s Paradise Review Speaking Volumes Wall Street Journal ISSN 0099 9660 Archived from the original on March 21 2023 Retrieved August 3 2023 Palace for Morgan s Books The Atlanta Constitution March 1 1903 p A9 ProQuest 495815718 a b c d e f g h i j Roth 1983 p 291 a b c d e f g J P Morgan s Library Massive New Structure for Literary and Artistic Treasures New York Tribune June 10 1906 p A2 ISSN 1941 0646 ProQuest 571839633 a b c d e f J Pierpont Morgan s New Library Wall Street Journal June 23 1906 p 6 ISSN 0099 9660 Archived from the original on August 6 2023 Retrieved January 1 2021 via newspapers com nbsp Andrews 1957 pp 4 5 Wilson 1983 pp 219 221 a b c d e f g Landmarks Preservation Commission 1982 p 6 Andrews 1957 p 1 Andrews 1957 p 12 a b Wilson 1983 p 218 Assembling Morgan s Books Volumes in Big Private Library to Be Together by Jan 1 PDF The New York Times December 21 1905 p 9 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived PDF from the original on September 1 2021 Retrieved January 2 2021 a b c d e f g h i j k l Landmarks Preservation Commission 2002 p 5 Ardizzone 2007 p 76 a b c Nevius Michelle amp Nevius James 2009 Inside the Apple A Streetwise History of New York City New York Free Press pp 197 198 ISBN 141658997X a b c d Roth 1983 p 292 Mr Stanford White The Real Estate Record Real Estate Record and Builders Guide 77 1998 1234 June 30 1906 Archived from the original on October 6 2021 Retrieved January 2 2021 via columbia edu a b c d e f g h National Park Service 1966 p 2 Taylor Francis Henry 1957 Pierpont Morgan as collector and patron 1837 1913 New York Pierpont Morgan Library p 37 Archived from the original on October 6 2021 Retrieved January 3 2021 Mr Morgan s Great Library First Authorized Description of One of the Chief Treasure Houses of the World PDF The New York Times December 4 1908 pp 1 2 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived PDF from the original on August 30 2021 Retrieved January 2 2021 a b c d e Roth 1983 p 410 Morgan Overbid Kaiser News of the Sale of the Van Dycks Arouses Anger in Italy The New York Times February 28 1907 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on August 6 2023 Retrieved August 3 2023 Brown Jane 1995 Beatrix the gardening life of Beatrix Jones Farrand 1872 1959 1st ed New York NY Viking pp 204 216 ISBN 0 670 83217 0 a b Young Woman Librarian Continues Work of Great Morgan Collection The Buffalo News August 3 1913 p 46 Archived from the original on August 6 2023 Retrieved August 2 2023 a b Spending J P Morgan s Money for Rare Books That Is One of the Pleasant Duties of the Librarian of the Financier Miss Belle Green Who at 26 Has Won Fame by Her Intimate Knowledge of Valuable Tomes The New York Times April 7 1912 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on May 6 2023 Retrieved August 3 2023 Johnson Ralph October 2 1910 Great Fortunes Are Exaggerated Immense Fortunes Have Way of Dwindling Men Reputed to Be Worth 50 000 000 Generally Leave Estates Valued at Around 10 000 000 a Remarkable New York Woman The Atlanta Constitution p c7 ProQuest 496345927 The Great Morgan Museum Financier Plans a Wonderful Storehouse for His More Wonderful Treasures of Art The Sun March 8 1903 p 12 ProQuest 536637416 Room in Morgan Library Destined to Live Long in Financial History Cincinnati Enquirer September 16 1915 p 4 ProQuest 870100335 J P Morgan Buys Rare Manuscripts Gets Wakeman Collection of Poe Thoreau Lowell Longfellow Whittier and Bryant The New York Times October 27 1909 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on August 6 2023 Retrieved August 3 2023 a b Hobbies of Several Millionaires While Morgan Turns to Art and Books Hill s Delight is in Holstein Cattle The Wall Street Journal December 23 1911 p 6 ISSN 0099 9660 ProQuest 129266279 a b c d Irwin Will April 10 1927 Morgan Island On the Crest of Murray Hill Stands the One Perfect Great Thing on Manhattan Island the Morgan Library Whose Marble Walls Inclose Treasure More Valuable Than the Vault Contents of Most New York Banks New York Herald Tribune p SM14 ISSN 1941 0646 ProQuest 1132967715 Strouse 1999 p 26 a b Object Lessons A Stroll Through House of Morgan Wall Street Journal March 5 1999 ISSN 0099 9660 Archived from the original on October 6 2021 Retrieved January 3 2021 Strouse 1999 pp 684 688 3 000 000 to Each Child and 1 000 000 To Mrs Morgan PDF The New York Times April 20 1913 pp 1 3 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived PDF from the original on August 30 2021 Retrieved January 2 2021 Carries Out Wishes of the Elder Morgan His Will Suggested a Public Gift No Advantage Taken of the Tax Exemption Law Grew Impatient at Delay Breaks in the Collection PDF The New York Times December 18 1917 p 14 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived PDF from the original on August 6 2023 Retrieved January 2 2021 a b c Great Morgan Art Collection May Prove White Elephant to New Head of House Son Said to Lack the Father s Artistic Appreciation of Rare Treasures Costing Millions and Even Proposes to Sell Some of Them will He in Time Make Gift to the People as Father Planned The Washington Post February 8 1914 p 6 ISSN 0190 8286 ProQuest 145355573 Morgan Will Keep His Library Intact Appraisal of 30 000 Volumes Is Now Being Made for the Inheritance Tax PDF The New York Times April 2 1915 p 1 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived PDF from the original on August 30 2021 Retrieved January 2 2021 Morgan Library Not to Be Sold The Christian Science Monitor April 2 1915 p 7 ProQuest 509362618 Art at Home and Abroad Enamels in Morgan Collection on Exhibition at Metropolitan Museum Not Only Priceless Works of Art but Extremely Valuable as Human Documents PDF The New York Times February 22 1914 p M11 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived PDF from the original on August 30 2021 Retrieved January 2 2021 Morgan Art Tax Must Be Levied Controller Travis Announces the State Will Collect on Objects Worth Many Millions The New York Times April 1 1915 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on April 29 2022 Retrieved January 2 2021 J P Morgan Library Taxed at 7 500 000 State Transfer Appraisal Puts Books at 5 000 000 and Other Objects at 2 500 000 The New York Times March 19 1916 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on April 21 2022 Retrieved January 2 2021 7 500 000 Value on Morgan Library Books Valued at 5 000 000 and Other Objects at 2 500 000 The Hartford Courant March 20 1916 p 7 ISSN 1047 4153 ProQuest 556319971 Ardizzone 2007 p 309 a b c d e Wiegand W A Davis D G 1994 Encyclopedia of Library History Garland reference library of social science Garland Pub p 499 ISBN 978 0 8240 5787 9 Archived from the original on August 6 2023 Retrieved January 3 2021 J P Morgan Loses Long Zoning Fight City Plan Committee Votes to Open Madison Avenue to Trade Near His Home PDF The New York Times April 27 1926 p 1 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on August 6 2023 Retrieved January 2 2021 a b c d Stern Robert A M Gilmartin Patrick Mellins Thomas 1987 New York 1930 Architecture and Urbanism Between the Two World Wars New York Rizzoli p 137 ISBN 978 0 8478 3096 1 OCLC 13860977 J P Morgan Dies Victim of Stroke at Florida Resort Financier 75 Had a Recurrence of Heart Ailment on Vacation Trip 2 Weeks Ago PDF The New York Times March 13 1943 p 1 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on August 6 2023 Retrieved January 2 2021 Cooper Lee E December 10 1944 Brown Assembles Murray Hill Land for Housing Site Realty Man Gets Four Parcels at Park Avenue Corner in the Morgan Block The New York Times p R1 ISSN 0362 4331 ProQuest 106902315 Morgan Home In 36th St Last Of Block Sold House Next Door to Morgan Library to Make Room for 19 Story Apartment New York Herald Tribune December 10 1944 p 45 ISSN 1941 0646 ProQuest 1264864029 Morgan Deal Completed Lutherans Sign Contract for Purchase of Madison Ave Home PDF The New York Times September 11 1943 p B24 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on August 6 2023 Retrieved January 2 2021 a b The Morgan House The Morgan Library amp Museum March 14 2014 Archived from the original on January 22 2021 Retrieved January 3 2021 a b c d e f Stam D H 2001 International Dictionary of Library Histories Taylor amp Francis p 637 ISBN 978 1 136 77785 1 Archived from the original on August 6 2023 Retrieved January 2 2021 Morgan Library Bill a Law Senate Committee Reports in Favor of Phone Rate Inquiry PDF The New York Times March 28 1924 p 16 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on August 6 2023 Retrieved January 2 2021 Morgan Gives Great Library to the Public 8 500 000 Memorial to His Father Chicago Tribune February 17 1924 p 1 ISSN 1085 6706 ProQuest 180566977 a b Puts Its Value at 8 500 000 Scholars Call Gift Most Splendid of the Kind Ever Made The New York Times February 17 1924 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on August 6 2023 Retrieved August 3 2023 Morgan Library Doors Ajar in Welcome to Needy Students New York Tribune February 24 1924 p A5 ISSN 1941 0646 ProQuest 1331159491 a b c d e f Dashwood Wyona February 3 1932 Morgan Library s Rich Stores Placed on Special Exhibition Treasure House of World s Rare Manuscripts and First Editions The Christian Science Monitor p 5 ProQuest 513138486 Seekers for Admission Swamp Morgan Library Consideration of Applications Halted Until Late Summer The New York Herald New York Tribune April 16 1924 p 15 ISSN 1941 0646 ProQuest 1113092372 Morgan Library to Be Given City The Christian Science Monitor January 7 1927 p 1 ProQuest 512125429 To Wreck Home of Late J Pierpont Morgan And Double the Size of Morgan Library The New York Times January 7 1927 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on April 21 2022 Retrieved January 2 2021 Morgan Library to Build Annex Will Aid Research Workers The Christian Science Monitor February 1 1927 p 4A ProQuest 512070198 a b Outlines Annex to Morgan Library Plan Calls for a Two Story Structure on Site of Late Financier s Home The New York Times January 30 1927 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on August 6 2023 Retrieved August 3 2023 a b Strouse 1999 p 689 a b c d e Wilson 1983 p 223 a b c Timeline The Morgan Library amp Museum March 14 2014 Archived from the original on January 22 2021 Retrieved January 3 2021 Rarities Enrich Morgan Library Art and Literary Treasures Acquired in Last 4 Years Described in Report The New York Times November 12 1941 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on August 6 2023 Retrieved August 5 2023 a b Morgan Library to Review Gains Exhibition Opening Tomorrow Will Feature Acquisitions in Quarter Century The New York Times April 4 1949 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on August 6 2023 Retrieved August 5 2023 a b Morgan Library Opened to Public In Return the City Withdraws Its Opposition to Exemption From Taxes Since 1935 The New York Times December 8 1942 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on August 6 2023 Retrieved August 5 2023 a b Court Blocks Tax on Morgan Library Justice McLaughlin Rules It Is Public Institution and Exempt From Levy The New York Times July 9 1941 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on August 6 2023 Retrieved August 5 2023 Pierpont Morgan Library Is Opened To General Public The Christian Science Monitor December 15 1942 p 4 ProQuest 514101202 Morgan Library Art Items Back From Hideouts Treasures Which Had Been Guarded From Air Raids Will Be Exhibited Today New York Herald Tribune December 14 1944 p 19 ISSN 1941 0646 ProQuest 1289108302 Devee Howard December 14 1944 Religious Works on Display Today Exhibition at Morgan Library Includes Two Copies of the Gutenberg Bible The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on August 6 2023 Retrieved August 5 2023 a b Landmarks Preservation Commission 1982 p 7 Pierpont Morgan Library Begins Drive New York Herald Tribune November 24 1959 p 18 ISSN 1941 0646 ProQuest 1324104148 Greenwood Richard July 18 1975 The Pierpont Morgan Library National Register of Historic Places Inventory Nomination National Park Service Archived from the original on June 29 2022 Retrieved August 6 2023 National Register of Historic Places Inventory Nomination National Park Service July 18 1975 Archived from the original on June 29 2022 Retrieved August 6 2023 Farrell William E June 3 1965 Morgan Mansion Reported in Peril Rezoning Plan for Madison Avenue Termed a Step Toward Demolition The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on April 29 2022 Retrieved January 2 2021 Goldberger Paul July 16 1974 Morgan Mansion Loses Status as City Landmark The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on April 29 2022 Retrieved January 2 2021 a b Horsley Carter B July 9 1975 Morgan Library Starts New Wing The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on August 6 2023 Retrieved January 3 2021 City Landmarks Panel Adds 6 Sites to Its Roll The New York Times March 24 1982 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on September 8 2021 Retrieved January 3 2021 Russell John April 20 1988 Morgan Library in an Expansion Is Buying a Neighboring Mansion The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on April 22 2022 Retrieved January 2 2021 Goldberger Paul November 3 1991 Architecture View J P Morgan Jr s House Is Back The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on February 2 2023 Retrieved January 3 2021 Architectural History The Morgan Library amp Museum March 13 2014 Archived from the original on January 22 2021 Retrieved January 2 2021 Arts Notes Fort Worth Star Telegram August 22 1999 p 80 Archived from the original on August 6 2023 Retrieved January 2 2021 via newspapers com nbsp Vogel Carol June 29 1999 A 10 Million Gift for Conservation at the Morgan The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on April 29 2022 Retrieved January 3 2021 Snoonian Deborah October 2002 For paper savers Samuel Anderson Architect transforms an old attic at the Pierpont Morgan Library in New York City into the modern Thaw Conservation Center PDF Architectural Record Vol 190 no 10 pp 132 135 Kissel Howard October 27 2002 Art for Art s Sake Daily News p 144 Archived from the original on August 6 2023 Retrieved August 3 2023 Dunlap David W January 30 2002 A Plan Unfolds for a 75 Million Morgan Makeover The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on April 23 2022 Retrieved January 2 2021 Vogel Carol April 26 2005 Morgan Library Plans a Makeover and an Image Upgrade The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on January 25 2021 Retrieved January 2 2021 A mirror up to nature New York Daily News February 14 2003 p 61 Archived from the original on August 6 2023 Retrieved January 1 2021 via newspapers com nbsp a b c d e Swanson Stevenson May 14 2006 New Morgan Library and Museum exudes vitality Chicago Tribune p 7 7 Archived from the original on August 6 2023 Retrieved August 2 2023 a b c d Vogel Carol April 20 2006 Morgan Library to Reopen With an Expanded Look Name and Mission The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on January 26 2021 Retrieved January 1 2021 Pogrebin Robin September 30 2010 Morgan Library Building to Reopen Next Month ArtsBeat Archived from the original on January 26 2021 Retrieved January 2 2021 Simon Walker October 25 2010 Morgan Library facelift brings treasures to light U S Archived from the original on April 17 2022 Retrieved January 2 2021 Akers W M September 8 2010 Extreme Makeover Morgan Library Edition Observer Archived from the original on April 17 2022 Retrieved January 2 2021 Messman Lauren February 14 2019 Morgan Library amp Museum Announces 12 5 Million Exterior Renovation The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on November 7 2020 Retrieved January 2 2021 Fazzare Elizabeth February 15 2019 Morgan Library to Undergo First Exterior Renovation in 112 Years Architectural Digest Archived from the original on March 5 2021 Retrieved January 2 2021 a b c d e f Levere Jane L June 10 2022 Manhattan s New Green Space Was J P Morgan s Side Yard The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on June 11 2022 Retrieved June 11 2022 a b c Davidson Justin June 9 2022 The Morgan Library s Gilded Age Garden Gets a Glow up Curbed Archived from the original on June 9 2022 Retrieved June 11 2022 a b c Morgan Library facade and garden restored for the first time in 115 years The Architect s Newspaper June 10 2022 Archived from the original on June 10 2022 Retrieved June 11 2022 Libbey Peter Herrington Nicole September 10 2020 New York s Reopened Museums Where to Go and What to See The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on August 6 2023 Retrieved August 2 2023 Esplund Lance April 27 2006 The Museum As Mall The New York Sun Archived from the original on August 6 2023 Retrieved August 3 2023 a b Medieval amp Renaissance Manuscripts The Morgan Library amp Museum May 29 2013 Archived from the original on November 8 2014 Retrieved August 3 2023 a b Honsford Conkling 1923 Banker Morgan s 8 500 000 Gift Journal of the American Bankers Association No v 16 The Association p 566 Retrieved August 3 2023 Medieval amp Renaissance Manuscripts The Morgan Library amp Museum May 29 2013 Archived from the original on November 8 2014 Retrieved January 3 2021 Contemporary manuscript copy of his letter Cochin to Giuliano de Medici 1515 Jan 6 Archived from the original on October 28 2020 Retrieved October 26 2020 Final Years of a Full Life Sir Walter Scott The Morgan Library amp Museum March 27 2014 Archived from the original on March 28 2016 Retrieved January 2 2021 a b c Obituary Notes The Publishers Weekly Vol 83 no 2 F Leypoldt April 5 1913 p 1229 Mr Morgan Owns Manuscript of a Christmas Carol Original in Dickens s Handwriting of the Most Famous Yuletide Story Ever Written Is in the Private Library of the Financier and Collector The New York Times December 8 1912 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on August 6 2023 Retrieved August 3 2023 Gorman Herbert December 25 1932 Hawthorne s Notebooks Are Rescued From Distortion The Manuscript as It Was Before Mrs Hawthorne Edited It to Conform to Genteel Standards The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on March 12 2018 Retrieved August 4 2023 The Morgan Library amp Museum Debuts Ernest Hemingway Between Two Wars Architectural Digest October 7 2015 Archived from the original on February 7 2023 Retrieved August 3 2023 This Ever New Self Thoreau and His Journal The Morgan Library amp Museum February 15 2017 Archived from the original on March 10 2017 Retrieved January 3 2021 Missing Thoreau Journal Shown At Exhibition in Morgan Library Journals of Henry David Thoreau Are Reunited at the Pierpont Morgan Library Here The New York Times October 3 1956 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on September 4 2021 Retrieved January 3 2021 Declaration on Display The New York Times December 23 1983 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on May 24 2015 Retrieved August 3 2023 Notable Letters on Display Today 150 on Clay Papyrus and Paper Begin 10 Weak Exhibition in Morgan Library The New York Times February 6 1950 ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved August 11 2023 Sisario Ben March 2 2016 Bob Dylan s Secret Archive The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on March 3 2017 Retrieved January 2 2021 Bob Dylan s American Journey 1956 1966 The Morgan Library amp Museum August 19 2013 Archived from the original on January 26 2021 Retrieved January 2 2021 Wilson Frederic Woodbridge The Gilbert and Sullivan Collection Archived January 5 2009 at the Wayback Machine at The Morgan Library website accessed May 5 2010 Italian Bible Rarer Than the Gutenberg Acquired by Morgan for His Library Here The New York Times April 26 1931 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on August 6 2023 Retrieved August 4 2023 Mackall Leonard L November 2 1930 Notes for Bibliophiles The Morgan Library New York Herald Tribune p J27 ISSN 1941 0646 ProQuest 1113755897 Printed Books amp Bindings The Morgan Library amp Museum May 29 2013 Archived from the original on January 23 2021 Retrieved January 3 2021 Catholic Encyclopedia Coptic Literature Newadvent org March 1 1914 Archived from the original on September 27 2020 Retrieved June 18 2012 Ancient Western Asian Seals amp Tablets The Morgan Library amp Museum May 30 2013 Archived from the original on April 11 2021 Retrieved April 3 2021 Paintings amp Art Objects The Morgan Library amp Museum May 30 2013 Archived from the original on May 9 2023 Retrieved August 3 2023 Cotter Holland September 1 2016 A Hans Memling Show Is More Than the Sum of Its Divine Parts The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on June 16 2022 Retrieved August 3 2023 a b Pergam Elizabeth A 2017 The Manchester Art Treasures Exhibition of 1857 Entrepreneurs Connoisseurs and the Public Taylor amp Francis p 517 ISBN 978 1 351 54279 1 Archived from the original on August 6 2023 Retrieved August 3 2023 Museums New York Magazine New York Media LLC September 23 1991 p 58 ISSN 0028 7369 Retrieved August 3 2023 Kandell Jonathan April 28 2002 Baron Thyssen Bornemisza Industrialist Who Built Fabled Art Collection Dies at 81 The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on April 7 2023 Retrieved August 3 2023 ARTnews Vol 47 ARTnews Associates 1949 p 34 Archived from the original on August 6 2023 Retrieved August 3 2023 The Morgan Library amp Museum About ARTINFO 2008 Retrieved July 30 2008 permanent dead link Stavelot Triptych The Morgan Library amp Museum July 27 2018 Archived from the original on April 11 2019 Retrieved January 3 2021 Stracke Dick October 6 2008 The Stavelot Reliquary aug edu Archived from the original on October 6 2008 Retrieved January 3 2021 Baert Barbara 2004 A heritage of holy wood the legend of the true Cross in text and image Leiden Boston Brill p 94 ISBN 978 90 04 13944 2 OCLC 191935466 Archived from the original on August 6 2023 Retrieved January 3 2021 Lindau Gospels The Morgan Library amp Museum January 27 2016 Archived from the original on February 10 2016 Retrieved January 3 2021 Cover of the Lindau Gospels Crucificion and Mourning Figures Medieval East Crucifixion Depictions Medieval Art PROJECTS September 19 2017 Archived from the original on September 4 2021 Retrieved January 3 2021 Acquisitions of the month November 2018 Apollo Magazine Archived from the original on March 8 2021 Retrieved January 28 2019 Frick Collection Buys Rare Statue Bronze Angel That Stood for Many Years in the Morgan Library Is Privately Sold The New York Times February 2 1944 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on August 6 2023 Retrieved August 5 2023 Million Taxable in Morgan Home State Appraisal of Furnishings of Dead Financier s City Residence Filed The New York Times December 29 1914 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on August 6 2023 Retrieved August 3 2023 Was Greatest Art Collector Morgan s Gems Would Bring 125 000 000 Boston Daily Globe April 2 1913 p 4 ProQuest 502220081 Many Art Items to Be Auctioned Renaissance Bronze Medals From Morgan Library to Be Sold This Week Moonlight Cruise June 13 The New York Times May 7 1950 ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved August 11 2023 Russell John May 9 1984 Morgan Library Gets Rare Manuscript Collection The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on February 1 2018 Retrieved August 3 2023 Gussow Mel February 23 1998 8 Million Literary Trove Given to Morgan Library The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on September 26 2016 Retrieved August 2 2023 Empire State Building Ranked Second in U S Fifty Architects Put Lincoln Memorial First in Vote New York Herald Tribune April 29 1932 p 13 ISSN 1941 0646 ProQuest 1125430573 Architects Pick Finest Buildings Lincoln Memorial Placed First Empire State Building Second Nebraska Capitol Third The New York Times April 29 1932 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on December 26 2022 Retrieved December 26 2022 a b c d e The Building The Morgan Library amp Museum March 13 2014 Archived from the original on May 21 2015 Retrieved January 1 2021 Fischer Heinz D 2017 American History Awards 1917 1991 From Colonial Settlements to the Civil Rights Movements De Gruyter p 157 ISBN 978 3 11 097214 6 Archived from the original on August 6 2023 Retrieved January 1 2021 a b c d The Pierpont Morgan Library and Annex PDF New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission May 17 1966 Archived PDF from the original on August 30 2021 Retrieved January 1 2021 Pencil Points Reinhold 1922 p 33 Archived from the original on August 6 2023 Retrieved January 1 2021 a b Landmarks Preservation Commission 1982 pp 3 4 a b c d Wilson 1983 p 221 a b c d e f g The Library of J Pierpont Morgan Esq The American Architect Vol 95 no 1724 January 6 1909 pp 1 2 ProQuest 124667092 a b Catterson Lynn October 15 2017 From Florence to London to New York Mr Morgan s Bronze Doors Nineteenth Century Art Worldwide 16 2 doi 10 29411 ncaw 2017 16 2 4 Archived from the original on January 16 2021 Retrieved January 1 2021 a b c Walton 1910 p 732 a b c d e Landmarks Preservation Commission 1982 p 5 Walton 1910 pp 732 733 The Rotunda The Morgan Library amp Museum March 13 2014 Archived from the original on January 22 2021 Retrieved January 3 2021 Andrews 1957 p 7 a b c Walton 1910 p 733 a b c Landmarks Preservation Commission 1982 p 4 a b Andrews 1957 p 8 a b Wilson 1983 p 222 a b c Library Ceiling The Morgan Library amp Museum March 14 2014 Archived from the original on November 23 2020 Retrieved January 3 2021 a b Landmarks Preservation Commission 1982 pp 5 6 a b c d e The Study The Morgan Library amp Museum March 14 2014 Archived from the original on January 27 2021 Retrieved January 3 2021 Adams 1974 p 19 Wilson 1983 pp 222 223 Outlines Annex to Morgan Library Plan Calls for a Two story Structure on Site of Late Financier s Home The New York Times January 30 1927 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on August 6 2023 Retrieved January 2 2021 a b c d e f Floor Plan PDF The Morgan Library amp Museum May 6 2013 Archived PDF from the original on August 7 2021 Retrieved April 4 2021 a b c Landmarks Preservation Commission 2002 p 6 Thaw Conservation Center The Morgan Library amp Museum July 30 2013 Archived from the original on January 5 2021 Retrieved January 3 2021 Landmarks Preservation Commission 2002 pp 6 7 a b c d e Bendov Pavel 2017 New Architecture New York New York NY Prestel Publishing p 40 ISBN 978 3 7913 8368 2 OCLC 976405424 a b c d Expansion Design The Morgan Library amp Museum March 14 2014 Archived from the original on January 27 2021 Retrieved January 3 2021 Gilbert Court The Morgan Library amp Museum March 18 2014 Archived from the original on March 3 2021 Retrieved April 4 2021 Dewey M Bowker R R Pylodet L Cutter C A Weston B E Brown K Wessells H E American Library Association 2006 Library Journal Vol 131 R R Bowker Company p 17 Archived from the original on August 6 2023 Retrieved April 16 2021 a b Vogel Carol April 28 2005 A better look at the Morgan Library The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on April 11 2022 Retrieved January 1 2021 Gilder Lehrman Hall at the Morgan Library amp Museum Time Out New York May 12 2010 Archived from the original on January 28 2022 Retrieved August 3 2023 Miss Greene Retiring as Morgan Librarian PDF The New York Times October 22 1948 p 23 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on August 6 2023 Retrieved January 2 2021 Head of Morgan Library Ending 13 Year Career Belle Da Costa Greene Will Be Succeeded by Frederick B Adams Jr New York Herald Tribune October 24 1948 p 43 ISSN 1941 0646 ProQuest 1324175502 F B Adams Jr Takes Post at Morgan Library New York Herald Tribune December 2 1948 p 25 ISSN 1941 0646 ProQuest 1327198740 Pierpont Morgan Library Appoints a New Director PDF The New York Times December 1 1969 p 15 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on August 6 2023 Retrieved January 2 2021 McGill Douglas C May 27 1987 Morgan Library Names Scholar Its New Director The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on April 29 2022 Retrieved January 2 2021 Vogel Carol May 24 2007 Morgan Library Chooses Familiar Face for Its Next Chief The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on February 12 2020 Retrieved January 2 2021 Vogel Carol May 20 2014 Cleveland Hires Leader of Morgan The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on January 29 2020 Retrieved June 15 2019 Pobric Pac April 18 2015 Colin Bailey named head of the Morgan Library and Museum The Art Newspaper Archived from the original on April 18 2015 Retrieved January 2 2021 Smith Roberta January 6 2001 Felice Stampfle 88 Curator Of Prints at the Morgan Library The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on September 4 2021 Retrieved April 3 2021 The Indomitable Felice Stampfle the Morgan s First Curator of Drawings and Prints The Morgan Library amp Museum June 29 2020 Archived from the original on March 29 2021 Retrieved April 3 2021 Sources edit Adams Frederick B Jr 1974 An introduction to the Pierpont Morgan Library New York Pierpont Morgan Library Andrews Wayne 1957 Mr Morgan and His Architect Pierpont Morgan Library Ardizzone Heidi 2007 An Illuminated Life Belle Da Costa Greene s Journey from Prejudice to Privilege W W Norton amp Company ISBN 978 0 393 05104 9 J Pierpont Morgan Library National Register of Historic Places National Park Service November 13 1966 Phelps Stokes J P Morgan Jr House PDF New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission February 26 2002 Pierpont Morgan Library First Floor PDF New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission March 23 1982 Roth Leland 1983 McKim Mead amp White Architects Harper amp Row ISBN 978 0 06 430136 7 OCLC 9325269 Strouse Jean 1999 Morgan American Financier New York Perennial ISBN 0 06 095589 9 OCLC 43050112 Tonkovich Jennifer 2016 Inside the Morgan Inside the Morgan Morgan Library amp Museum ISBN 978 0 87598 196 3 Walton William 1910 The Recent Mural Decorations of H Siddons Mowbray Harper s Monthly Magazine Vol 122 no 731 Wilson Richard Guy 1983 McKim Mead amp White Architects New York Rizzoli ISBN 978 0 8478 0491 7 OCLC 9413129 External links editListen to this article 9 minutes source source source nbsp This audio file was created from a revision of this article dated 3 November 2018 2018 11 03 and does not reflect subsequent edits Audio help More spoken articles Official website Virtual tour of the Morgan Library amp Museum provided by Google Arts amp Culture nbsp Media related to Morgan Library amp Museum at Wikimedia Commons Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Morgan Library 26 Museum amp oldid 1177625573, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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