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Pilaster

In classical architecture, a pilaster is an architectural element used to give the appearance of a supporting column and to articulate an extent of wall, with only an ornamental function. It consists of a flat surface raised from the main wall surface, usually treated as though it were a column, with a capital at the top, plinth (base) at the bottom, and the various other column elements. In contrast to a pilaster, an engaged column or buttress can support the structure of a wall and roof above.

Two Corinthian pilasters in the Church of Saint-Sulpice (Paris)

In human anatomy, a pilaster is a ridge that extends vertically across the femur, which is unique to modern humans. Its structural function is unclear.[1]

Definition Edit

In discussing Leon Battista Alberti's use of pilasters, which Alberti reintroduced into wall-architecture, Rudolf Wittkower wrote: "The pilaster is the logical transformation of the column for the decoration of a wall. It may be defined as a flattened column which has lost its three-dimensional and tactile value."[2]

A pilaster appears with a capital.[3] and entablature, also in "low-relief" or flattened against the wall. Generally, a pilaster often repeats all parts and proportions of an order column; however, unlike it, a pilaster is usually devoid of entasis.

Pilasters often appear on the sides of a door frame or window opening on the facade of a building, and are sometimes paired with columns or pillars set directly in front of them at some distance away from the wall, which support a roof structure above, such as a portico. These vertical elements can also be used to support a recessed archivolt around a doorway. The pilaster can be replaced by ornamental brackets supporting the entablature or a balcony over a doorway.

When a pilaster appears at the corner intersection of two walls it is known as a canton.[4]

As with a column, a pilaster can have a plain or fluted surface to its profile and can be represented in the mode of numerous architectural styles. During the Renaissance and Baroque architects used a range of pilaster forms.[5] In the giant order pilasters appear as two storeys tall, linking floors in a single unit.

The fashion of using this element from ancient Greek and Roman architecture was adopted in the Italian Renaissance, gained wide popularity with Greek Revival architecture, and continues to be seen in some modern architecture.

Pilaster is frequently also referred to as a non-ornamental, load-bearing architectural element in non-classical architecture where a structural load must be carried by a wall or column next to a wall and the wall thickens to accommodate the structural requirements of the wall.

Gallery Edit

See also Edit

Notes Edit

  1. ^ Smith, Fred; Cartmill, Matt (20 September 2011). The Human Lineage. John Wiley & Sons. p. 601. ISBN 978-1118211458.
  2. ^ Wittkower, Rudolf (1940). "Alberti's Approach to Antiquity in Architecture". Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes. London: Warburg Institute. 4 (1/2: Oct., 1940 - Jan., 1941): 3. doi:10.2307/750120. JSTOR 750120. S2CID 195049595.
  3. ^ A useful phrase to identify a section of pilaster without a capital, with only its fluting to identify its relation to a column, is "pilaster strip".
  4. ^ Ching, Francis D. K. (1995). A Visual Dictionary of Architecture. Van Nostrand Reinhold Company. ISBN 0-442-02462-2, p. 266.
  5. ^ Mark Jarzombek, "Pilaster Play" (PDF), Thresholds, 28 (Winter 2005): 34–41

References Edit

  • Lewis, Philippa, and Gillian Darley (1986). Dictionary of Ornament. New York: Pantheon.

External links Edit

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For the racehorse see Pilaster horse For the building material see Plaster In classical architecture a pilaster is an architectural element used to give the appearance of a supporting column and to articulate an extent of wall with only an ornamental function It consists of a flat surface raised from the main wall surface usually treated as though it were a column with a capital at the top plinth base at the bottom and the various other column elements In contrast to a pilaster an engaged column or buttress can support the structure of a wall and roof above Two Corinthian pilasters in the Church of Saint Sulpice Paris In human anatomy a pilaster is a ridge that extends vertically across the femur which is unique to modern humans Its structural function is unclear 1 Contents 1 Definition 2 Gallery 3 See also 4 Notes 5 References 6 External linksDefinition EditIn discussing Leon Battista Alberti s use of pilasters which Alberti reintroduced into wall architecture Rudolf Wittkower wrote The pilaster is the logical transformation of the column for the decoration of a wall It may be defined as a flattened column which has lost its three dimensional and tactile value 2 A pilaster appears with a capital 3 and entablature also in low relief or flattened against the wall Generally a pilaster often repeats all parts and proportions of an order column however unlike it a pilaster is usually devoid of entasis Pilasters often appear on the sides of a door frame or window opening on the facade of a building and are sometimes paired with columns or pillars set directly in front of them at some distance away from the wall which support a roof structure above such as a portico These vertical elements can also be used to support a recessed archivolt around a doorway The pilaster can be replaced by ornamental brackets supporting the entablature or a balcony over a doorway When a pilaster appears at the corner intersection of two walls it is known as a canton 4 As with a column a pilaster can have a plain or fluted surface to its profile and can be represented in the mode of numerous architectural styles During the Renaissance and Baroque architects used a range of pilaster forms 5 In the giant order pilasters appear as two storeys tall linking floors in a single unit The fashion of using this element from ancient Greek and Roman architecture was adopted in the Italian Renaissance gained wide popularity with Greek Revival architecture and continues to be seen in some modern architecture Pilaster is frequently also referred to as a non ornamental load bearing architectural element in non classical architecture where a structural load must be carried by a wall or column next to a wall and the wall thickens to accommodate the structural requirements of the wall Gallery Edit nbsp Two fragments of French pilasters made of oak in the Cooper Hewitt Smithsonian Design Museum New York City nbsp Illustrations of Ionic pilasters with festoons on their capitals from Germany in the Cooper Hewitt Smithsonian Design Museum nbsp Illustrations of Corinthian pilasters from Germany in the Cooper Hewitt Smithsonian Design Museum nbsp Part of a Renaissance Corinthian pilaster of the Hotel du Vieux Raisin Toulouse France nbsp Pilaster in Strasbourg France being Renaissance and Louis XIV style at the same time nbsp A pair of pilasters flanking a door in Lyon France nbsp Two pilasters in Lviv Ukraine nbsp Capital of a Doric pilaster from Lviv nbsp Corinthianesque capital of a pilaster from Grottaferrata Italy nbsp Colossal order of Composite pilasters 1st and 2nd floors of a 19th century building 8 avenue de l Opera Paris nbsp Two pairs of Ionic pilasters flanking a door in Paris nbsp A pair of Doric pilasters flanking a door in Montpellier France nbsp A pair of Doric pilasters flanking a door in Enkhuizen the Netherlands nbsp House from 1663 decorated with Corinthian pilasters in Workum the Netherlands nbsp Doric pilasters on the Jesuit Church of Sibiu Transylvania Romania nbsp Egyptian Revival hathoric pilaster on the Foire du Caire building Paris See also EditGlossary of architecture Classical order Lesene Post and lintelNotes Edit Smith Fred Cartmill Matt 20 September 2011 The Human Lineage John Wiley amp Sons p 601 ISBN 978 1118211458 Wittkower Rudolf 1940 Alberti s Approach to Antiquity in Architecture Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes London Warburg Institute 4 1 2 Oct 1940 Jan 1941 3 doi 10 2307 750120 JSTOR 750120 S2CID 195049595 A useful phrase to identify a section of pilaster without a capital with only its fluting to identify its relation to a column is pilaster strip Ching Francis D K 1995 A Visual Dictionary of Architecture Van Nostrand Reinhold Company ISBN 0 442 02462 2 p 266 Mark Jarzombek Pilaster Play PDF Thresholds 28 Winter 2005 34 41References EditLewis Philippa and Gillian Darley 1986 Dictionary of Ornament New York Pantheon External links Edit nbsp Look up pilaster in Wiktionary the free dictionary nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Pilasters Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Pilaster amp oldid 1159111683, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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