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Hans Memling

May 02, 2023

"Memling" redirects here. For the steamer, see SS Empire Bardolph.

Hans Memling (also spelled Memlinc; c. 1430 – 11 August 1494) was a painter active in Flanders, who worked in the tradition of Early Netherlandish painting. Born in the Middle Rhine region, he probably spent his childhood in Mainz. During his apprenticeship as a painter he moved to the Netherlands and spent time in the Brussels workshop of Rogier van der Weyden. In 1465 he was made a citizen of Bruges, where he became one of the leading artists and the master of a large workshop. A tax document from 1480 lists him among the wealthiest citizens. Memling's religious works often incorporated donor portraits of the clergymen, aristocrats, and burghers (bankers, merchants, and politicians) who were his patrons.[2] These portraits built upon the styles which Memling learned in his youth.

He married Anna de Valkenaere sometime between 1470 and 1480, and they had three children. Memling's art was rediscovered in the 19th century, attaining wide popularity.

Life and works

Born in Seligenstadt,[3] near Frankfurt in the Middle Main region, Memling served his apprenticeship at Mainz or Cologne and later worked in the Low Countries under Rogier van der Weyden (c. 1455–1460) in Brussels, Duchy of Brabant. He then worked at Bruges, County of Flanders by 1465.[3]

He painted for the Hospitallers in 1479 and 1480. In 1477, when he was believed dead, he was under contract to create an altarpiece for the gild-chapel of the booksellers of Bruges. This altarpiece, Scenes of the Passion of Christ, is now in the Galleria Sabauda of Turin. The Last Judgment, which had been in Gdańsk since 1473 is now in the National Museum there. The Last Judgment was commissioned by Angelo Tani, erstwhile director of the Bruges branch of the Medici Bank, for a chapel at what is now the Badia Fiesolana in Fiesole. When the triptych is closed Tani and his wife are shown kneeling in prayer. It was shipped to Fiesole on a vessel that was captured by Danzig privateer Paul Beneke in April 1473.

The oldest allusions to pictures connected to Memling point to his relations with the Burgundian court, which was held in Brussels. The inventories of Margaret of Austria, drawn up in 1524, allude to a triptych of the God of Pity by Rogier van der Weyden, of which the wings containing angels were painted by "Master Hans".

Memling's painting of John the Baptist (c. 1470) is in the gallery of Munich. He painted the Last Judgment in Gdańsk.

Memling's portraits, in particular, were popular in Italy.[4] According to Paula Nuttall, Memling's distinctive contribution to portraiture was his use of landscape backgrounds, characterized by "a balanced counterpoint between top and bottom, foreground and background: the head offset by the neutral expanse of sky, and the neutral area of the shoulders enlivened by the landscape detail beyond".[5] Memling's portrait style influenced the work of numerous late-15th-century Italian painters,[6] and is evident in works such as Raphael's Portraits of Agnolo and Maddalena Doni.[7] Purchasers of his paintings include Cardinal Grimani and Cardinal Bembo at Venice, and the heads of the House of Medici at Florence.

Other paintings include the Madonna and Saints (which passed from the Duchatel collection to the Louvre), the Virgin and Child (painted for Sir John Donne and now at the National Gallery, London), and the four attributed portraits in the Uffizi Gallery of Florence (including the Portrait of Folco Portinari), the Scenes from the Passion of Christ in the Galleria Sabauda of Turin and the Advent and Triumph of Christ

Around 1492, Memling was commissioned to paint the Najera Altarpiece for the Benedictine Monastery of Santa Maria la Real in Najera, Rioja, Spain. The altarpiece, which was completed in Flanders, consisted of an image of God surrounded by angels playing a variety of musical instruments while atop a row of clouds before a golden background. Recent scholarship by Bart Fransen has determined that Gonzalo de Cabredo and Abbot Pablo Martinez commissioned the creation of this artwork.[8][9]

Memling became sufficiently prosperous that his name appears on a list of the 875 richest citizens of Bruges who were obligatory subscribers to the loan raised by Maximilian I of Austria, to finance hostilities towards France in 1480.[10] Memling's name does not appear on subsequent subscription lists of this type.[11]

In his later years, he painted the Shrine of St Ursula in the museum of the hospital of Bruges, St Christopher and Saints (1484) in the academy, the Diptych of Maarten van Nieuwenhove in the hospital of Bruges, and a large Crucifixion, with scenes from the Passion, (1491) from the Lübeck Cathedral (Dom) of Lübeck, now in Lübeck's St. Annen Museum. Near the close of Memling's career, the registers of the painters' guild at Bruges give the names of two apprentices who served their time with Memling and paid dues on admission to the guild in 1480 and 1486.

He died in Bruges. The trustees of his will appeared before the court of wards at Bruges on 10 December 1495, and records indicate Memling left behind several children and considerable property.[citation needed]

Gallery

Memling carpets

There are four works by Memling that feature an oriental carpet. They are the triptych with the Virgin and Child Enthroned (Vienna Kunsthistoriches Museum), the triptych of John Donne (London National Gallery), the Virgin and Child Enthroned with a large family (Paris, Louvre), and the Portrait of a young man at prayer (Madrid Fundacion Coleccion Thyssen- Bornedmisza). They all feature an indefinitely repeated pattern that is representative of an archaic strand of ornamentation in Turkoman carpets from Anatolia or Armenia. This type of carpet is named after Memling and is known as Memling carpets. They are characterized by guls with "hooked" lines radiating from a central body.

See also

References and sources

References
  1. ^ King, Donald and Sylvester, David eds. The Eastern Carpet in the Western World, From the 15th to the 17th century, p. 57, Arts Council of Great Britain, London, 1983, ISBN 0-7287-0362-9
  2. ^ de Vos, Dirk (2003). "Memling [Memlinc], Hans". Grove Art Online. Oxford Art Online.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  3. ^ a b Murray, P. and Murray, L. (1963) The Art of the Renaissance. London: Thames & Hudson, p. 156. ISBN 978-0-500-20008-7
  4. ^ Borchert 2005, p. 70
  5. ^ Borchert 2005, p. 74
  6. ^ Borchert 2005, p. 78
  7. ^ Borchert 2005, p. 83
  8. ^ de Vos, Dirk (2003). "Memling [Memlinc], Hans". Grove Art Online. Oxford Art Online. Retrieved 6 November 2019.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  9. ^ Fransen, Bart (February 2018). "Hans Memling's Najera Altarpiece: New Documentary Evidence". Burlington Magazine. 160: 101–105.
  10. ^ Borchert 2005, p. 15
  11. ^ Borchert 2005, pp. 15–16
  12. ^ Alte Pinakotek, Munich; (Summary Catalogue – various authors), pp. 348-51, 1986, Edition Lipp, ISBN 3-87490-701-5
Sources
  • Borchert, Till-Holger (2005). Memling's Portraits. Thames & Hudson. ISBN 0-500-09326-1.
  • Batari, Ferenc (1994). The "Memling" carpets in de Vos, Dirk, editor (1994). Essays Hans Memling. Essay bundle published with the catalogue of the exhibit Hans Memling, vijf eeuwen werkelijkheid en fictie in the Groeningen Museum, Brugge August 12 - November 15, 1994.
  •   This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Crowe, Joseph Archer; Konody, Paul George (1911). "Memlinc, Hans". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 17 (11th ed.). pp. 104–105.

Further reading

  • de Vos, Dirk (1994). Hans Memling: The Complete Works. Harry N Abrams. ISBN 0-8109-3649-6.

External links

  •   Media related to Hans Memling at Wikimedia Commons
  • Hans Memling on BALaT - Belgian Art Links and Tools (KIK-IRPA, Brussel)
  • Petrus Christus: Renaissance master of Bruges
  • Fifteenth- to eighteenth-century European paintings: France, Central Europe, the Netherlands, Spain, and Great Britain

May 02, 2023
hans, memling, memling, redirects, here, steamer, empire, bardolph, also, spelled, memlinc, 1430, august, 1494, painter, active, flanders, worked, tradition, early, netherlandish, painting, born, middle, rhine, region, probably, spent, childhood, mainz, during. Memling redirects here For the steamer see SS Empire Bardolph Hans Memling also spelled Memlinc c 1430 11 August 1494 was a painter active in Flanders who worked in the tradition of Early Netherlandish painting Born in the Middle Rhine region he probably spent his childhood in Mainz During his apprenticeship as a painter he moved to the Netherlands and spent time in the Brussels workshop of Rogier van der Weyden In 1465 he was made a citizen of Bruges where he became one of the leading artists and the master of a large workshop A tax document from 1480 lists him among the wealthiest citizens Memling s religious works often incorporated donor portraits of the clergymen aristocrats and burghers bankers merchants and politicians who were his patrons 2 These portraits built upon the styles which Memling learned in his youth Madonna and Child with Saint James and Saint Dominic 1488 1490 feature a so called Memling carpet 1 He married Anna de Valkenaere sometime between 1470 and 1480 and they had three children Memling s art was rediscovered in the 19th century attaining wide popularity Contents 1 Life and works 2 Gallery 3 Memling carpets 4 See also 5 References and sources 6 Further reading 7 External linksLife and works EditBorn in Seligenstadt 3 near Frankfurt in the Middle Main region Memling served his apprenticeship at Mainz or Cologne and later worked in the Low Countries under Rogier van der Weyden c 1455 1460 in Brussels Duchy of Brabant He then worked at Bruges County of Flanders by 1465 3 Last Judgement 1466 1473 National Museum Gdansk He painted for the Hospitallers in 1479 and 1480 In 1477 when he was believed dead he was under contract to create an altarpiece for the gild chapel of the booksellers of Bruges This altarpiece Scenes of the Passion of Christ is now in the Galleria Sabauda of Turin The Last Judgment which had been in Gdansk since 1473 is now in the National Museum there The Last Judgment was commissioned by Angelo Tani erstwhile director of the Bruges branch of the Medici Bank for a chapel at what is now the Badia Fiesolana in Fiesole When the triptych is closed Tani and his wife are shown kneeling in prayer It was shipped to Fiesole on a vessel that was captured by Danzig privateer Paul Beneke in April 1473 The oldest allusions to pictures connected to Memling point to his relations with the Burgundian court which was held in Brussels The inventories of Margaret of Austria drawn up in 1524 allude to a triptych of the God of Pity by Rogier van der Weyden of which the wings containing angels were painted by Master Hans Memling s painting of John the Baptist c 1470 is in the gallery of Munich He painted the Last Judgment in Gdansk Memling s portraits in particular were popular in Italy 4 According to Paula Nuttall Memling s distinctive contribution to portraiture was his use of landscape backgrounds characterized by a balanced counterpoint between top and bottom foreground and background the head offset by the neutral expanse of sky and the neutral area of the shoulders enlivened by the landscape detail beyond 5 Memling s portrait style influenced the work of numerous late 15th century Italian painters 6 and is evident in works such as Raphael s Portraits of Agnolo and Maddalena Doni 7 Purchasers of his paintings include Cardinal Grimani and Cardinal Bembo at Venice and the heads of the House of Medici at Florence Triptych of Earthly Vanity and Divine Salvation front c 1485 Oil on oak panel 22 x 13 cm each wing Musee des Beaux Arts de Strasbourg Other paintings include the Madonna and Saints which passed from the Duchatel collection to the Louvre the Virgin and Child painted for Sir John Donne and now at the National Gallery London and the four attributed portraits in the Uffizi Gallery of Florence including the Portrait of Folco Portinari the Scenes from the Passion of Christ in the Galleria Sabauda of Turin and the Advent and Triumph of ChristAround 1492 Memling was commissioned to paint the Najera Altarpiece for the Benedictine Monastery of Santa Maria la Real in Najera Rioja Spain The altarpiece which was completed in Flanders consisted of an image of God surrounded by angels playing a variety of musical instruments while atop a row of clouds before a golden background Recent scholarship by Bart Fransen has determined that Gonzalo de Cabredo and Abbot Pablo Martinez commissioned the creation of this artwork 8 9 Memling became sufficiently prosperous that his name appears on a list of the 875 richest citizens of Bruges who were obligatory subscribers to the loan raised by Maximilian I of Austria to finance hostilities towards France in 1480 10 Memling s name does not appear on subsequent subscription lists of this type 11 In his later years he painted the Shrine of St Ursula in the museum of the hospital of Bruges St Christopher and Saints 1484 in the academy the Diptych of Maarten van Nieuwenhove in the hospital of Bruges and a large Crucifixion with scenes from the Passion 1491 from the Lubeck Cathedral Dom of Lubeck now in Lubeck s St Annen Museum Near the close of Memling s career the registers of the painters guild at Bruges give the names of two apprentices who served their time with Memling and paid dues on admission to the guild in 1480 and 1486 He died in Bruges The trustees of his will appeared before the court of wards at Bruges on 10 December 1495 and records indicate Memling left behind several children and considerable property citation needed Gallery Edit The Man of Sorrows in the arms of the Virgin 1475 National Gallery of Victoria Christ Giving His Blessing 1478 Norton Simon Museum Mater Dolorosa c 1480 Uffizi Gallery Christ Surrounded by Musician Angels c 1480 Royal Museum of Fine Arts Antwerp Annunciation 1480 89 Metropolitan Museum of Art Allegory with a Virgin 1479 80 Hans Memling Portrait of Tommaso di Folco Portinari ca 1470 Portrait of Maria Portinari c 1475 Portrait of Barbara van Vlaendenbergh c 1470 Diptych of Jean de Cellier c 1490 Moreel Triptych 1484 Groeningemuseum Brugge Seven Joys of the Virgin a Life of the Virgin cycle on a single panel 1480 Altogether 25 scenes not all involving the Virgin are depicted Alte Pinakothek Munich 12 Memling carpets EditThere are four works by Memling that feature an oriental carpet They are the triptych with the Virgin and Child Enthroned Vienna Kunsthistoriches Museum the triptych of John Donne London National Gallery the Virgin and Child Enthroned with a large family Paris Louvre and the Portrait of a young man at prayer Madrid Fundacion Coleccion Thyssen Bornedmisza They all feature an indefinitely repeated pattern that is representative of an archaic strand of ornamentation in Turkoman carpets from Anatolia or Armenia This type of carpet is named after Memling and is known as Memling carpets They are characterized by guls with hooked lines radiating from a central body See also EditThe Adoration of the Magi Memling References and sources EditReferences King Donald and Sylvester David eds The Eastern Carpet in the Western World From the 15th to the 17th century p 57 Arts Council of Great Britain London 1983 ISBN 0 7287 0362 9 de Vos Dirk 2003 Memling Memlinc Hans Grove Art Online Oxford Art Online a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint url status link a b Murray P and Murray L 1963 The Art of the Renaissance London Thames amp Hudson p 156 ISBN 978 0 500 20008 7 Borchert 2005 p 70 Borchert 2005 p 74 Borchert 2005 p 78 Borchert 2005 p 83 de Vos Dirk 2003 Memling Memlinc Hans Grove Art Online Oxford Art Online Retrieved 6 November 2019 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint url status link Fransen Bart February 2018 Hans Memling s Najera Altarpiece New Documentary Evidence Burlington Magazine 160 101 105 Borchert 2005 p 15 Borchert 2005 pp 15 16 Alte Pinakotek Munich Summary Catalogue various authors pp 348 51 1986 Edition Lipp ISBN 3 87490 701 5 SourcesBorchert Till Holger 2005 Memling s Portraits Thames amp Hudson ISBN 0 500 09326 1 Batari Ferenc 1994 The Memling carpets in de Vos Dirk editor 1994 Essays Hans Memling Essay bundle published with the catalogue of the exhibit Hans Memling vijf eeuwen werkelijkheid en fictie in the Groeningen Museum Brugge August 12 November 15 1994 This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain Crowe Joseph Archer Konody Paul George 1911 Memlinc Hans Encyclopaedia Britannica Vol 17 11th ed pp 104 105 Further reading Editde Vos Dirk 1994 Hans Memling The Complete Works Harry N Abrams ISBN 0 8109 3649 6 External links Edit Media related to Hans Memling at Wikimedia Commons Hans Memling on BALaT Belgian Art Links and Tools KIK IRPA Brussel Petrus Christus Renaissance master of Bruges Fifteenth to eighteenth century European paintings France Central Europe the Netherlands Spain and Great Britain Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Hans Memling amp oldid 1151730529, 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