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Old Master

April 04, 2023

"Old Masters" redirects here. For other uses, see Old Masters (disambiguation).

In art history, "Old Master" (or "old master")[1][2] refers to any painter of skill who worked in Europe before about 1800, or a painting by such an artist. An "old master print" is an original print (for example an engraving or etching) made by an artist in the same period. The term "old master drawing" is used in the same way.

In theory, "Old Master" applies only to artists who were fully trained, were Masters of their local artists' guild, and worked independently, but in practice, paintings produced by pupils or workshops are often included in the scope of the term. Therefore, beyond a certain level of competence, date rather than quality is the criterion for using the term.

Period covered

In the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, the term was often understood as having a starting date of perhaps 1450 or 1470; paintings made before that were "primitives", but this distinction is no longer made. The Oxford English Dictionary defines the term as "A pre-eminent artist of the period before the modern; esp. a pre-eminent western European painter of the 13th to 18th centuries." The first quotation given is from 1696, in the diary of John Evelyn: "My L: Pembroke..shewed me divers rare Pictures of very many of the old & best Masters, especially that of M: Angelo..,& a large booke of the best drawings of the old Masters."[3] The term is also used to refer to a painting or sculpture made by an Old Master, a usage datable to 1824.[3] There are comparable terms in Dutch, French, and German; the Dutch may have been the first to make use of such a term, in the 18th century, when oude meester mostly meant painters of the Dutch Golden Age of the previous century. Les Maitres d'autrefois of 1876 by Eugene Fromentin may have helped to popularize the concept, although "vieux maitres" is also used in French. The famous collection in Dresden at the Gemäldegalerie Alte Meister is one of the few museums to include the term in its actual name, although many more use it in the title of departments or sections. The collection in the Dresden museum essentially stops at the Baroque period.

The end date is necessarily vague – for example, Goya (1746–1828) is certainly an Old Master,[2] though he was still painting and printmaking at his death in 1828. The term might also be used for John Constable[2] (1776–1837) or Eugène Delacroix (1798–1868), but usually is not. Edward Lucie-Smith gives an end date of 1800, noting "formerly used of paintings earlier than 1700".[4]

The term tends to be avoided by art historians as too vague, especially when discussing paintings, although the terms "Old Master Prints" and "Old Master drawings" are still used. It remains current in the art trade. Auction houses still usually divide their sales between, for example, "Old Master Paintings", "Nineteenth-century paintings", and "Modern paintings". Christie's defined the term as ranging "from the 14th to the early 19th century".[5]

Anonymous artists

Artists, most often from early periods, whose hand has been identified by art historians, but to whom no identity can be confidently attached, are often given names by art historians such as Master E.S. (from his monogram), Master of Flémalle (from a previous location of a work), Master of Mary of Burgundy (from a patron), Master of Latin 757 (from the shelf mark of a manuscript he illuminated), Master of the Brunswick Diptych, or Master of Schloss Lichtenstein.

List of the most important Old Master painters

 
Rucellai Madonna by Duccio, c. 1285.

Gothic/Proto-Renaissance

Main article: Gothic art

Early Renaissance

Main article: Early Renaissance
 
Portrait of a young woman by Sandro Botticelli, 1480

High Renaissance

Main article: High Renaissance
 
Sistine Chapel ceiling, Ignudi, Michelangelo, 1509

Venetian School (Early Renaissance, High Renaissance and Mannerism)

Main article: Venetian painting
  • Domenico Veneziano (Italian, 1400–1461), Early Renaissance
  • Jacopo Bellini (Italian, 1400–1470), Early Renaissance
  • Gentile Bellini (Italian, 1429–1507), Early Renaissance, noted for historical scenes of Venice and portraits of its doges
  • Giovanni Bellini (Italian, 1430–1516), Early and High Renaissance, pioneer of luminous oil painting
  • Bartolommeo Vivarini (Italian, 1432–1499), Early Renaissance
  • Carlo Crivelli (Italian, 1435–1495), Early Renaissance
  • Alvise Vivarini (Italian, 1445–1503), Early Renaissance
  • Vittore Carpaccio (Italian, 1455–1526), Early Renaissance
  • Giorgione (Italian, 1477–1510), High Renaissance, pioneer of Venetian School of painting
  • Titian (Italian, c. 1488–1576), important High Renaissance-style exponent of colour painting in oils and frescoes
  • Palma Vecchio (Italian, 1480–1528), High Renaissance
  • Lorenzo Lotto (Italian, 1480–1556), High Renaissance
  • Sebastiano del Piombo (Italian, 1485–1547), High Renaissance
  • Jacopo Bassano (Italian, 1515–1592), Mannerist painter noted for portraiture and religious genre painting
  • Tintoretto (Italian, 1518–1594), major Venetian Mannerist painter of monumental religious works
  •  
    The Annunciation by Beccafumi, 1545
    Paolo Veronese (Italian, c. 1528–1588), High Renaissance-style, one of Venice's leading colourists

Sienese School

Main article: Sienese School

Northern Renaissance

Main article: Northern Renaissance
 
"Kreuzigung Christi" (English: "Crucifixion of Christ") by Lucas Cranach the Elder, 1503

Spanish Renaissance

Main article: Spanish Renaissance

Mannerism

Main article: Mannerism
 
Holy Family with St. Anne and the Infant St. John by Agnolo Bronzino, c. 1545

Baroque painting

Main article: Baroque painting

Dutch Golden Age and Flemish Baroque painting

Main articles: Dutch Golden Age Painting and Flemish Baroque painting
 
The Concert by Gerard van Honthorst, 1623

Rococo

Main articles: Rococo and Italian Rococo art
 
Capitulations of Wedding and Rural Dance by Antoine Watteau, 1711
 
An Experiment on a Bird in an Air Pump by Joseph Wright of Derby, 1768

British

Vedutism

Main articles: Veduta and Grand Tour

Neoclassicism

Main article: Neoclassicism

Romanticism

Main article: Romanticism
 
The Great Red Dragon and the Woman Clothed with the Sun by William Blake, circa 1805

See also

References

  1. ^ The term is spelled either way in the literature. Major UK and US dictionaries, incl. the , American Heritage Dictionary, Macmillan, Cambridge, and Random House dictionaries use lowercase; Oxford English Dictionary, Collins, and Merriam-Webster dictionaries also mention the uppercase spelling.
  2. ^ a b c Old Masters Department, Christies.com.
  3. ^ a b "old master, n. and adj." OED Online. Oxford University Press, December 2016. Web.
  4. ^ Lucie-Smith, Edward, The Thames & Hudson Dictionary of Art Terms, p. 152, 2003 (2nd edn), Thames & Hudson, World of Art series, ISBN 0500203652
  5. ^ Now rewritten less succinctly to the same effect.

External links

  • Why do we still pay attention to Old Masters paintings? a conversation between Keith Christiansen is the John Pope-Hennessy Chairman of the Department of European Paintings at New York's Metropolitan Museum and The Easel's Morgan Meis, Contributing Editor of The Easel.

April 04, 2023
master, redirects, here, other, uses, disambiguation, history, master, refers, painter, skill, worked, europe, before, about, 1800, painting, such, artist, master, print, original, print, example, engraving, etching, made, artist, same, period, term, master, d. Old Masters redirects here For other uses see Old Masters disambiguation In art history Old Master or old master 1 2 refers to any painter of skill who worked in Europe before about 1800 or a painting by such an artist An old master print is an original print for example an engraving or etching made by an artist in the same period The term old master drawing is used in the same way Peter Paul Rubens is an Old Master of Flemish Baroque painting In theory Old Master applies only to artists who were fully trained were Masters of their local artists guild and worked independently but in practice paintings produced by pupils or workshops are often included in the scope of the term Therefore beyond a certain level of competence date rather than quality is the criterion for using the term Contents 1 Period covered 2 Anonymous artists 3 List of the most important Old Master painters 3 1 Gothic Proto Renaissance 3 2 Early Renaissance 3 3 High Renaissance 3 4 Venetian School Early Renaissance High Renaissance and Mannerism 3 5 Sienese School 3 6 Northern Renaissance 3 7 Spanish Renaissance 3 8 Mannerism 3 9 Baroque painting 3 10 Dutch Golden Age and Flemish Baroque painting 3 11 Rococo 3 12 British 3 13 Vedutism 3 14 Neoclassicism 3 15 Romanticism 4 See also 5 References 6 External linksPeriod covered EditIn the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries the term was often understood as having a starting date of perhaps 1450 or 1470 paintings made before that were primitives but this distinction is no longer made The Oxford English Dictionary defines the term as A pre eminent artist of the period before the modern esp a pre eminent western European painter of the 13th to 18th centuries The first quotation given is from 1696 in the diary of John Evelyn My L Pembroke shewed me divers rare Pictures of very many of the old amp best Masters especially that of M Angelo amp a large booke of the best drawings of the old Masters 3 The term is also used to refer to a painting or sculpture made by an Old Master a usage datable to 1824 3 There are comparable terms in Dutch French and German the Dutch may have been the first to make use of such a term in the 18th century when oude meester mostly meant painters of the Dutch Golden Age of the previous century Les Maitres d autrefois of 1876 by Eugene Fromentin may have helped to popularize the concept although vieux maitres is also used in French The famous collection in Dresden at the Gemaldegalerie Alte Meister is one of the few museums to include the term in its actual name although many more use it in the title of departments or sections The collection in the Dresden museum essentially stops at the Baroque period The end date is necessarily vague for example Goya 1746 1828 is certainly an Old Master 2 though he was still painting and printmaking at his death in 1828 The term might also be used for John Constable 2 1776 1837 or Eugene Delacroix 1798 1868 but usually is not Edward Lucie Smith gives an end date of 1800 noting formerly used of paintings earlier than 1700 4 The term tends to be avoided by art historians as too vague especially when discussing paintings although the terms Old Master Prints and Old Master drawings are still used It remains current in the art trade Auction houses still usually divide their sales between for example Old Master Paintings Nineteenth century paintings and Modern paintings Christie s defined the term as ranging from the 14th to the early 19th century 5 Anonymous artists EditArtists most often from early periods whose hand has been identified by art historians but to whom no identity can be confidently attached are often given names by art historians such as Master E S from his monogram Master of Flemalle from a previous location of a work Master of Mary of Burgundy from a patron Master of Latin 757 from the shelf mark of a manuscript he illuminated Master of the Brunswick Diptych or Master of Schloss Lichtenstein List of the most important Old Master painters Edit Rucellai Madonna by Duccio c 1285 Gothic Proto Renaissance Edit Main article Gothic art Cimabue Italian 1240 1302 frescoes in the Basilica of San Francesco d Assisi Giotto di Bondone Italian 1267 1337 first Renaissance fresco painter Duccio Italian 1255 1318 Sienese painter Simone Martini Italian 1285 1344 Gothic painter of the Sienese School Ambrogio Lorenzetti Italian c 1290 1348 Gothic painter Pietro Lorenzetti Italian c 1280 1348 Sienese school Gentile da Fabriano Italian 1370 1427 International gothic painter Lorenzo Monaco Italian 1370 1425 International gothic style Masolino Italian c 1383 c 1447 Goldsmith trained painter Pisanello Italian c 1395 c 1455 International gothic painter and medallist Sassetta Italian c 1392 1450 Sienese International Gothic painterEarly Renaissance Edit Main article Early Renaissance Paolo Uccello Italian 1397 1475 schematic use of foreshortening Fra Angelico Italian 1400 1455 noted for San Marco convent frescoes Masaccio Italian 1401 1428 first to use linear perspective thereby giving sense of three dimensionality plus developed new realism Fra Filippo Lippi Italian 1406 1469 father of Filippino Andrea del Castagno Italian 1410 1457 Piero della Francesca Italian 1415 1492 painter who pioneered linear perspective Benozzo Gozzoli Italian 1420 1497 Alesso Baldovinetti Italian 1425 1499 Vincenzo Foppa Italian 1425 1515 Portrait of a young woman by Sandro Botticelli 1480 Antonello da Messina Italian 1430 1479 painter who pioneered oil painting Cosimo Tura Italian 1430 1495 Andrea Mantegna Italian 1431 1506 master of perspective and detail Antonio del Pollaiuolo Italian 1431 1498 Francesco Cossa Italian 1435 1477 Melozzo da Forli Italian 1438 1494 Luca Signorelli Italian 1441 1523 Perugino Italian c 1446 1523 Raphael was his pupil Verrocchio Italian c 1435 1488 Sandro Botticelli Italian c 1445 1510 great Florentine master Domenico Ghirlandaio Italian 1449 1494 prolific Florentine fresco painter Pinturicchio Italian 1454 1513 Filippino Lippi Italian 1457 1504 son of Filippo Cima da Conegliano Italian 1459 1517 Piero di Cosimo Italian 1462 1521 High Renaissance Edit Main article High Renaissance Francesco Francia Italian 1450 1517 Leonardo da Vinci Italian 1452 1519 acclaimed oil painter and draughtsman Lorenzo Costa Italian 1460 1535 Sistine Chapel ceiling Ignudi Michelangelo 1509 Fra Bartolommeo Italian 1472 1517 Michelangelo Italian 1475 1564 acclaimed sculptor painter and architect Bernardino Luini Italian c 1480 1532 Raphael Italian 1483 1520 acclaimed painter Il Garofalo Italian 1481 1559 Ridolfo Ghirlandaio Italian 1483 1561 Andrea del Sarto Italian 1486 1530 Correggio Italian 1490 1534 painter from Parma noted for illusionistic frescoes and altarpiece oils Giulio Romano Italian c 1499 1546 Venetian School Early Renaissance High Renaissance and Mannerism Edit Main article Venetian painting Domenico Veneziano Italian 1400 1461 Early Renaissance Jacopo Bellini Italian 1400 1470 Early Renaissance Gentile Bellini Italian 1429 1507 Early Renaissance noted for historical scenes of Venice and portraits of its doges Giovanni Bellini Italian 1430 1516 Early and High Renaissance pioneer of luminous oil painting Bartolommeo Vivarini Italian 1432 1499 Early Renaissance Carlo Crivelli Italian 1435 1495 Early Renaissance Alvise Vivarini Italian 1445 1503 Early Renaissance Vittore Carpaccio Italian 1455 1526 Early Renaissance Giorgione Italian 1477 1510 High Renaissance pioneer of Venetian School of painting Titian Italian c 1488 1576 important High Renaissance style exponent of colour painting in oils and frescoes Palma Vecchio Italian 1480 1528 High Renaissance Lorenzo Lotto Italian 1480 1556 High Renaissance Sebastiano del Piombo Italian 1485 1547 High Renaissance Jacopo Bassano Italian 1515 1592 Mannerist painter noted for portraiture and religious genre painting Tintoretto Italian 1518 1594 major Venetian Mannerist painter of monumental religious works The Annunciation by Beccafumi 1545Paolo Veronese Italian c 1528 1588 High Renaissance style one of Venice s leading colouristsSienese School Edit Main article Sienese School Giovanni di Paolo Italian 1403 1482 Early Renaissance Matteo di Giovanni Italian 1430 1495 Early Renaissance Francesco di Giorgio Italian 1439 1502 Early Renaissance Il Sodoma Italian 1477 1549 High Renaissance Beccafumi Italian 1486 1551 High Renaissance ManneristNorthern Renaissance Edit Main article Northern Renaissance Kreuzigung Christi English Crucifixion of Christ by Lucas Cranach the Elder 1503 Robert Campin Flemish 1375 1444 Northern Renaissance artist who painted the Merode Altarpiece Jan van Eyck Flemish c 1390 1441 pioneer oil painter Konrad Witz German c 1400 c 1446 Rogier van der Weyden Flemish 1400 1464 Dutch artist and leading religious panel painter Stefan Lochner German c 1410 1451 German painter of the Cologne School Petrus Christus Flemish c 1410 c 1476 Dirk Bouts Flemish 1420 1475 Simon Marmion French 1420 1489 Meister Francke German fl 1424 1435 Hans Memling German born Flemish 1430 1494 Flemish artist of the Bruges School Martin Schongauer German 1430 1491 Michael Pacher Austrian 1435 1498 Hugo van der Goes Flemish 1440 1483 oil painter from the Netherlands Hieronymus Bosch Dutch Early Netherlandish 1450 1516 Gerard David Flemish 1450 1523 Geertgen tot Sint Jans Dutch 1460 1490 Hans Holbein the Elder German 1460 1524 Quentin Matsys Flemish 1466 1530 Jan Mabuse Flemish 1470 1533 Card Players by Lucas van Leyden c 1508 Matthias Grunewald German 1470 1528 noted for his intense expressionist religious paintings Albrecht Durer German 1471 1528 greatest painter and printmaker of the Northern Renaissance Lucas Cranach the Elder German 1472 1553 leading German Renaissance painter Hans Burgkmair German 1473 1531 Jean Clouet French 1475 1547 Albrecht Altdorfer German 1480 1538 Danube School of painting Maitre de Moulins French fl 1480 Hans Baldung Grien German 1484 1545 German Renaissance artist Joachim Patenier Flemish 1485 1524 pioneer landscape painter of the Netherlandish Renaissance Joos van Cleve Flemish 1485 1540 Bernard van Orley Flemish 1488 1541 Hans Springinklee German 1490 1540 Wolf Huber Austrian 1490 1553 Lucas van Leyden Dutch 1494 1533 Jan van Scorel Dutch 1495 1562 Hans Holbein the Younger German 1497 1543 one of the greatest portrait painters Georg Pencz German 1500 1550 Sebald Beham German 1500 1550 Barthel Beham German 1502 1540 Lucas Cranach the Younger German 1515 1586 Saint Sebastian between Saint Bernard and Saint Francis by Alonso Sanchez Coello 1582 Pieter Bruegel the Elder Flemish c 1525 1569 leading artist of his day Egidius Sadeler Flemish 1570 1629 Spanish Renaissance Edit Main article Spanish Renaissance Bartolome Bermejo Spanish c 1440 c 1501 Alonso Berruguete Spanish c 1488 1561 Luis de Morales Spanish 1512 1586 Alonso Sanchez Coello Spanish Portuguese 1531 1588 El Greco Greek born Spanish 1541 1614 noted for his dazzling spiritual works and portraitsMannerism Edit Main article Mannerism Holy Family with St Anne and the Infant St John by Agnolo Bronzino c 1545 Dosso Dossi Italian 1479 1542 Alfonso Lombardi Italian 1487 1537 Bartolommeo Bandinelli Italian 1493 1560 Pontormo Italian 1494 1556 Florentine fresco oil painter Rosso Fiorentino Italian 1494 1540 Maarten van Heemskerck Dutch 1498 1574 Alessandro Moretto Italian 1498 1555 Giulio Clovio Croatian born Italian 1498 1578 Niccolo Tribolo Italian 1500 1550 Parmigianino Italian 1503 1540 Mannerist painter etcher from Parma Bronzino Italian 1503 1572 Jacob Seisenegger Austrian 1505 1567 Pieter Aertsen Dutch 1508 1575 Francois Clouet French 1510 1572 Giorgio Vasari Italian 1511 1575 known for his Lives of the Most Excellent Painters Sculptors and Architects Antonio Moro Flemish 1519 1576 The Vegetable Seller by Pieter Aertsen 1567 Giovanni Battista Moroni Italian 1525 1578 Federico Barocci Italian 1526 1612 Giuseppe Arcimboldo Italian 1527 1593 best known for his bizarre Mannerist fruit and vegetable portraits Giambologna Italian 1529 1608 hugely influential Mannerist sculptor Denis Calvaert Flemish 1540 1619 Scipione Pulzone Italian 1542 1598 Bartholomeus Spranger Flemish 1546 1611 Karel van Mander Flemish 1548 1606 Abraham Bloemaert Dutch 1566 1651 Joachim Wtewael Dutch 1566 1638 Adam Elsheimer German 1578 1610 influential German landscape and history painter who influenced RubensBaroque painting Edit Main article Baroque painting Supper at Emmaus by Caravaggio 1601 Antonio Tempesta Italian 1555 1630 Ludovico Carracci Italian 1555 1619 Bartolomeo Cesi Italian 1556 1629 Agostino Carracci Italian 1557 1602 Lodovico Cigoli Italian 1559 1613 Bartolomeo Carducci Italian 1560 1610 Annibale Carracci Italian 1560 1609 leader of the academism Orazio Gentileschi Italian 1563 1639 Hans Rottenhammer German 1564 1625 Pieter Brueghel the Younger Flemish 1564 1636 Francisco Pacheco Spanish 1564 1654 Portrait of George Villiers 1st Duke of Buckingham by Peter Paul Rubens c 1625 Francisco Ribalta Spanish 1565 1628 Jan Brueghel the Elder Flemish 1568 1625 Juan Martinez Montanes Spanish 1568 1649 Caravaggio Italian 1573 1610 noted for his figurative realism and Tenebrism Guido Reni Italian 1575 1642 Peter Paul Rubens Flemish 1577 1640 foremost Baroque history painter and portraitist Adam Elsheimer German 1578 1610 Bernardo Strozzi Italian 1581 1644 Juan Bautista Maino Spanish 1581 1649 Johann Liss German 1590 1631 Jusepe de Ribera Spanish 1591 1652 Naples based religious realist painter and printmaker Guercino Italian 1591 1666 Artemisia Gentileschi Italian 1592 1656 Georges de La Tour French 1593 1652 Jacob Jordaens Flemish 1593 1678 Las Meninas by Diego Velazquez 1656 Louis Le Nain French 1593 1648 Nicolas Poussin French 1594 1665 main classical artist of his time Pietro da Cortona Italian 1596 1669 painter and architect Francisco de Zurbaran Spanish 1598 1664 master of chiaroscuro known for his religious paintings and still lifes Gian Lorenzo Bernini Italian 1598 1680 the dominant sculptor and architect of the era Antoine Le Nain French 1599 1648 Anthony van Dyck Flemish 1599 1641 portraitist living in London Diego Velazquez Spanish 1599 1660 regarded as the greatest artist of the Spanish Golden Age Claude Lorrain French 1600 1682 landscape artist Alonso Cano Spanish 1601 1667 Jan Brueghel the Younger Flemish 1601 1678 Mathieu Le Nain French 1607 1677 Giovanni Benedetto Castiglione Italian 1609 1664 Juan Bautista Martinez del Mazo Spanish c 1612 1667 Mattia Preti Italian 1613 1699 Salvator Rosa Italian 1613 1673 Juan Carreno de Miranda Spanish 1614 1685 Carlo Dolci Italian 1616 1686 Bartolome Esteban Murillo Spanish 1617 1682 one of the most influential religious painters Charles Le Brun French 1619 1690 leading painter in the court of Louis XIV Juan de Valdes Leal Spanish 1622 1690 Pedro de Mena Spanish 1628 1688 Luca Giordano Italian 1634 1705 Dutch Golden Age and Flemish Baroque painting Edit Main articles Dutch Golden Age Painting and Flemish Baroque painting The Concert by Gerard van Honthorst 1623 Roelant Savery Flemish 1576 1639 Frans Snyders Flemish 1578 1657 master of Baroque still life from the Antwerp School Frans Hals Flemish born Dutch 1580 1666 one of the greatest post Renaissance portraitists Pieter Lastman Dutch 1583 1633 Hendrick Terbrugghen Dutch 1588 1629 Dutch Realist genre painter and a leading member of the Utrecht Caravaggisti Gerrit van Honthorst Dutch 1590 1636 Dirck van Baburen Dutch 1595 1624 Matthias Stom Dutch 1600 1652 Adriaen Brouwer Flemish c 1605 1638 noted for his tavern based genre paintings Rembrandt van Rijn Dutch 1606 1669 history painting portraits etchings Jan Lievens Dutch 1607 1674 Jacob Adriaensz Backer Dutch 1608 1651 Ferdinand Bol Dutch 1616 1680 Yonker Ramp and his sweetheart by Frans Hals 1623 Jan Havickszoon Steen Dutch 1625 1679 Leiden School tavern genre scenes Jan Davidsz de Heem Dutch 1609 1683 still life artist of the Utrecht Antwerp School David Teniers the Younger Flemish 1610 1690 Dutch Realist known for his peasant guardroom scenes Adriaen van Ostade Dutch 1610 1685 peasant scene artist of the Haarlem School Govert Flinck Dutch 1615 1660 Gerrit Dou Dutch 1613 1675 Frans van Mieris the Elder Dutch 1635 1681 Gerard Terborch Dutch 1617 1681 Haarlem School genre painter Willem Kalf Dutch 1619 1693 noted for still life pictures Aelbert Cuyp Dutch 1620 1691 Dordrecht School landscape painter Samuel van Hoogstraten Dutch 1627 1678 genre painter Jan de Bray Dutch 1627 1697 Jacob van Ruisdael Dutch 1628 1682 Haarlem School landscape artist Gabriel Metsu Dutch 1629 1667 intimate small scale genre scenes Pieter de Hooch Dutch 1629 1683 Delft School of Dutch genre painting Johannes Vermeer Dutch 1632 1675 Delft School Dutch genre painter little known in his own lifetime Meindert Hobbema Dutch 1638 1709 Aert de Gelder Dutch 1645 1727 Adriaen van der Werff Dutch 1659 1722 Rachel Ruysch Dutch 1664 1750 important female flower painter from AmsterdamRococo Edit Main articles Rococo and Italian Rococo art Capitulations of Wedding and Rural Dance by Antoine Watteau 1711 Giovanni Battista Piazzetta Italian 1682 1754 master of the fresco Jean Antoine Watteau French 1684 1721 author of the first fete galante Giovan Battista Pittoni Italian 1687 1767 known for sacred families and children Giovanni Battista Tiepolo Italian 1691 1770 known for his frescoes as in Wurzburg Residence Jean Baptiste Simeon Chardin French 1699 1779 important 18th century still life artist Francois Boucher French 1703 1770 noted for female nudes Charles Andre van Loo French 1705 1765 painter of portraiture religion mythology allegory and genre scenes Pompeo Batoni Italian 1708 1787 Martin Johann Schmidt Austrian 1718 1801 important 18th century Austrian Late Baroque painter Jean Baptiste Greuze French 1725 1805 important 18th century painter Francois Hubert Drouais French 1727 1775 French portraitist to the royal family King Louis XV and Queen Marie Leczinska and members of the nobility Jean Honore Fragonard French 1732 1806 Louise Elisabeth Vigee Le Brun French 1755 1842 later Neoclassical An Experiment on a Bird in an Air Pump by Joseph Wright of Derby 1768 British Edit Nicholas Hilliard English c 1547 1619 goldsmith limner and painter best known for his portrait miniatures of Elizabethan nobility William Dobson English 1611 1646 John Michael Wright English Scottish c 1617 1694 Peter Lely Dutch born English 1618 1680 Godfrey Kneller English 1646 1723 James Thornhill English c 1675 1734 William Hogarth English 1697 1764 Allan Ramsay Scottish 1713 1784 Joshua Reynolds English 1723 1792 Thomas Gainsborough English 1727 1788 Joseph Wright of Derby English 1734 1797 George Romney English 1734 1802 Architectural Caprice with a Palace by Bernardo Bellotto 1765 The Vow of Louis XIII by Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres 1824John Opie English 1761 1807 Thomas Lawrence English 1769 1830 Vedutism Edit Main articles Veduta and Grand Tour Canaletto Italian 1697 1768 famous for vedutas of Venice Giovanni Paolo Panini Italian 1691 1765 Francesco Zuccarelli Italian 1702 1789 known for Arcadian landscapes Francesco Guardi Italian 1712 1793 view painter of Venice School Giambattista Piranesi Italian 1720 1778 Bernardo Bellotto Italian 1720 1780 Canaletto s nephew depicting WarsawNeoclassicism Edit Main article Neoclassicism Anton Raphael Mengs German 1728 1779 friend of Johann Joachim Winckelmann Johann Zoffany German 1733 1810 Benjamin West American born British 1738 1820 Angelica Kauffman Swiss born 1741 1807 Jacques Louis David French 1748 1825 chief artist of the French Revolution and Napoleon Antoine Jean Gros French 1771 1835 pupil of Jacques Louis David Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres French 1780 1867 Romanticism Edit Main article Romanticism The Great Red Dragon and the Woman Clothed with the Sun by William Blake circa 1805 Hubert Robert French 1733 1808 painter noted for picturesque depictions of ruins Francisco Goya Spanish 1746 1828 Henry Raeburn Scottish 1756 1823 William Blake British 1757 1827 symbolist religious painter printmaker and book illustrator Caspar David Friedrich German 1774 1840 J M W Turner English 1775 1851 John Constable English 1776 1837 Theodore Gericault French 1791 1824 Eugene Delacroix French 1798 1863 See also EditMaster printmakerReferences Edit The term is spelled either way in the literature Major UK and US dictionaries incl the Oxford Online Dictionaries American Heritage Dictionary Macmillan Cambridge and Random House dictionaries use lowercase Oxford English Dictionary Collins and Merriam Webster dictionaries also mention the uppercase spelling a b c Old Masters Department Christies com a b old master n and adj OED Online Oxford University Press December 2016 Web Lucie Smith Edward The Thames amp Hudson Dictionary of Art Terms p 152 2003 2nd edn Thames amp Hudson World of Art series ISBN 0500203652 Now rewritten less succinctly to the same effect External links EditWhy do we still pay attention to Old Masters paintings a conversation between Keith Christiansen is the John Pope Hennessy Chairman of the Department of European Paintings at New York s Metropolitan Museum and The Easel s Morgan Meis Contributing Editor of The Easel Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Old Master amp oldid 1143330816, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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