This article is about the architectural support. For other uses, see Pier (disambiguation).
A pier, in architecture, is an upright support for a structure or superstructure such as an arch or bridge. Sections of structural walls between openings (bays) can function as piers. External or free-standing walls may have piers at the ends or on corners.
The Pont du Gard (c.19 BC), Nîmes; 3 rows of piers with arches springing from them to support the bridge.
Columns are a similar upright support, but stand on a round base. In buildings with a sequence of bays between piers, each opening (window or door) between two piers is considered a single bay.
Bridge piers
A concrete girder bridge pier during construction prior to installation of the bridge deck and parapets, consisting of multiple angled pylons for support (bottom), a horizontal concrete cap (center), and girders (top) with temporary wood bracing
Single-span bridges have abutments at each end that support the weight of the bridge and serve as retaining walls to resist lateral movement of the earthen fill of the bridge approach.[1] Multi-span bridges require piers to support the ends of spans between these abutments. In cold climates, the upstream edge of a pier may include a starkwater to prevent accumulation of broken ice during peak snowmelt flows. The starkwater has a sharpened upstream edge sometimes called a cutwater. The cutwater edge may be of concrete or masonry, but is often capped with a steel angle to resist abrasion and focus force at a single point to fracture floating pieces of ice striking the pier. In cold climates, the starling is typically sloped at an angle of about 45° so current pushing against the ice tends to lift the downstream edge of the ice translating horizontal force of the current to vertical force against a thinner cross-section of ice until unsupported weight of ice fractures the piece of ice allowing it to pass on either side of the pier.[2]
Examples
The Arc de Triomphe, Paris, supported by four massive planar piers
In the Arc de Triomphe, Paris (illustration, right) the central arch and side arches are raised on four massive planar piers[clarification needed].
St Peter's Basilica
Bramante's plan for St Peter's Basilica. In this illustration, the piers are rendered in solid black. Double lines between the piers indicate vaulting.
Donato Bramante's original plan for St Peter's Basilica in Rome has richly articulated piers. Four piers support the weight of the dome at the central crossing. These piers were found to be too small to support the weight and were changed later by Michelangelo to account for the massive weight of the dome.[3]
The piers of the four apses that project from each outer wall are also strong, to withstand the outward thrust of the half-domes upon them. Many niches articulate the wall-spaces of the piers.[3]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Piers (architecture).
External links
January 06, 2023
pier, architecture, this, article, about, architectural, support, other, uses, pier, disambiguation, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, adding, citations, reliable, sources, unsourced, material, cha. This article is about the architectural support For other uses see Pier disambiguation This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Pier architecture news newspapers books scholar JSTOR December 2007 Learn how and when to remove this template message A pier in architecture is an upright support for a structure or superstructure such as an arch or bridge Sections of structural walls between openings bays can function as piers External or free standing walls may have piers at the ends or on corners The Pont du Gard c 19 BC Nimes 3 rows of piers with arches springing from them to support the bridge Contents 1 Description 2 Bridge piers 3 Examples 3 1 St Peter s Basilica 4 See also 5 References 6 External linksDescription EditThe simplest cross section of the pier is square or rectangular but other shapes are also common In medieval architecture massive circular supports called drum piers cruciform cross shaped piers and compound piers are common architectural elements Columns are a similar upright support but stand on a round base In buildings with a sequence of bays between piers each opening window or door between two piers is considered a single bay Bridge piers Edit A concrete girder bridge pier during construction prior to installation of the bridge deck and parapets consisting of multiple angled pylons for support bottom a horizontal concrete cap center and girders top with temporary wood bracing A quadruple compound pier supporting the fly over at the traffic junction 24 Oktoberplein Utrecht Netherlands Single span bridges have abutments at each end that support the weight of the bridge and serve as retaining walls to resist lateral movement of the earthen fill of the bridge approach 1 Multi span bridges require piers to support the ends of spans between these abutments In cold climates the upstream edge of a pier may include a starkwater to prevent accumulation of broken ice during peak snowmelt flows The starkwater has a sharpened upstream edge sometimes called a cutwater The cutwater edge may be of concrete or masonry but is often capped with a steel angle to resist abrasion and focus force at a single point to fracture floating pieces of ice striking the pier In cold climates the starling is typically sloped at an angle of about 45 so current pushing against the ice tends to lift the downstream edge of the ice translating horizontal force of the current to vertical force against a thinner cross section of ice until unsupported weight of ice fractures the piece of ice allowing it to pass on either side of the pier 2 Examples Edit The Arc de Triomphe Paris supported by four massive planar piers In the Arc de Triomphe Paris illustration right the central arch and side arches are raised on four massive planar piers clarification needed St Peter s Basilica Edit Bramante s plan for St Peter s Basilica In this illustration the piers are rendered in solid black Double lines between the piers indicate vaulting Donato Bramante s original plan for St Peter s Basilica in Rome has richly articulated piers Four piers support the weight of the dome at the central crossing These piers were found to be too small to support the weight and were changed later by Michelangelo to account for the massive weight of the dome 3 The piers of the four apses that project from each outer wall are also strong to withstand the outward thrust of the half domes upon them Many niches articulate the wall spaces of the piers 3 Montacute House England c 1598 Niches in the piers of the long gallery are occupied by statues of the Nine Worthies See also EditColumn pillar Compound pier Pilaster Deep foundationReferences Edit Abbett Robert W 1957 American Civil Engineering Practice Vol III New York John Wiley amp Sons pp 26 32 Urquhart Leonard Church 1959 Civil Engineering Handbook 4th ed New York McGraw Hill Book Company pp 8 75 a b M Fazio Buildings Across Time 312 Wikimedia Commons has media related to Piers architecture External links Edit Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Pier architecture amp oldid 1084074360, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
