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Pinturicchio

January 01, 1970

Pinturicchio, or Pintoricchio (US: /ˌpɪntəˈriːkioʊ/,[1] Italian: [pintuˈrikkjo]; born Bernardino di Betto; 1454–1513), also known as Benetto di Biagio or Sordicchio, was an Italian painter during the Renaissance. He acquired his nickname (meaning "little painter") because of his small stature and he used it to sign some of his artworks that were created during the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries.[2]

Bernardino Pinturicchio
Born
Bernardino di Betto

1454
Perugia, Papal States
(present-day Italy)
Died1513 (aged 58–59)
Siena, Republic of Siena
(present-day Italy)
NationalityItalian
EducationPietro Perugino
Known forPainting, fresco
MovementItalian Renaissance
The Crucifixion with Sts. Jerome and Christopher, 1471, oil on wood, 59 × 40 cm, Galleria Borghese, Rome
Fresco at Siena Cathedral depicting Pope Pius II

Biography edit

Early years edit

 
Bernard of Clairvaux between Louis of Toulouse and Anthony of Padua, Bufalini Chapel, Santa Maria in Aracoeli, Rome

Pinturicchio was born the son of Benedetto or Betto di Biagio, in Perugia. In his career, he may have trained under lesser known Perugian painters such as Bonfigli and Fiorenzo di Lorenzo. According to Vasari, Pinturicchio was a paid assistant of Perugino.

The works of the Perugian Renaissance school are very similar and often paintings by Perugino, Pinturicchio, Lo Spagna, and a young Raphael may be mistaken, one for the other. In the execution of large frescoes, pupils and assistants had a large share in the work, either in enlarging the master's sketch to the full-sized cartoon, in transferring the cartoon to the wall, or in painting backgrounds or accessories.

His assignment in Rome, to decorate the Sistine Chapel, was an experience fraught with learning from prominent artists of the time, including: Sandro Botticelli, Domenico Ghirlandaio, Pietro Vanucci, and Luca Signorelli. The Sistine Chapel was where it is believed that Pinturicchio was collaborating with Perugino to some extent.[2] Pinturicchio's fresco, Assumption of Mary, executed in 1481 on the alter wall of the Sistine Chapel, was destroyed in 1535 to make way for Michelangelo's Last Judgement.

Work in Santa Maria del Popolo in Rome edit

 
Saint Jerome in the Desert, c. 1475-1480, oil on panel, 149.8 x 106 cm, Walters Art Museum, Baltimore

After assisting Perugino in his frescoes in the Sistine Chapel, Pinturicchio was employed by various members of the Della Rovere family to decorate the Semi-Gods Ceiling of Palazzo dei Penitenzieri as well as a series of chapels in the church of Santa Maria del Popolo, where he appears to have worked from 1484, or earlier, until 1492.

Critic Evelyn March Phillipps sums up his work by saying that the basilica "[w]ould be, if it had been left with all its original decorations, one of the finest monuments to Pintoricchio’s art in Italy. A great deal still remains, but much has been swept away".[3]

The earliest known of his works is an altarpiece of the Adoration of the Shepherds, in the Della Rovere Chapel, the first chapel (from the west) on the south, built by Cardinal Domenico della Rovere. In the lunettes under the vault Pinturicchio painted small scenes from the life of St. Jerome. The polychrome grotesque wall decoration on yellow-gold background probably was inspired by the paintings of the Domus Aurea, and belong the earliest and highest quality of their kind in Rome.

The frescos he painted in the Cybo Chapel, built by Cardinal Lorenzo Cybo de Mari in the beginning of the sixteenth century, were destroyed in 1682, when the chapel was rebuilt by Cardinal Alderano Cybo. The old fresco of the Virgin and the Child by Pinturicchio was detached from the wall and sent by the cardinal to Massa in 1687. The fragment was re-used as the altarpiece of the Ducal Chapel of the Cathedral of Massa.[4]

The third chapel on the south is that of Girolamo Basso della Rovere, nephew of Pope Sixtus IV, and bishop of Recanati. The Basso Della Rovere Chapel contains a fine altarpiece, Madonna enthroned between Four Saints, and on the eastern side a very nobly composed fresco of the Assumption of the Virgin. The vault and its lunettes are richly decorated with small paintings of the Life of the Virgin, surrounded by graceful arabesques; and the dado is covered with monochrome paintings of scenes from the lives of saints, illusionistic benches, and very gracefully and powerfully drawn figures of women in full length, in which the influence of Luca Signorelli may be traced.

In the Costa Chapel, Pinturicchio or one of his helpers painted the Four Latin Doctors in the lunettes of the vault. Most of these frescoes are considerably injured by moisture and have suffered little from restoration. The last paintings completed by Pinturicchio in this church are found on the vault behind the choir, where he painted decorative frescoes, with main lines arranged to suit their surroundings in a skilful way. In the centre is an octagonal panel, Coronation of the Virgin, and surrounding it, are medallions of the Four Evangelists. The spaces between them are filled by reclining figures of the Four Sibyls. On each pendentive is a figure of one of the Four Doctors enthroned under a niched canopy. The bands that separate these paintings have elaborate arabesques on a gold ground, and the whole is painted with broad and effective touches, very telling when seen (as is necessarily the case) from a considerable distance below.

Works in the Vatican Library edit

In 1492, Pinturicchio was summoned to Orvieto Cathedral. However, he was also commissioned by Pope Alexander VI (Borgia) to decorate a recently completed suite of six rooms, the Borgia Apartments in the Apostolic Palace of the Vatican. These rooms now form part of the Vatican Library, and five still retain a series of Pinturicchio frescoes. He worked in these rooms until around 1494, assisted by his pupils, and not without interruption. It was not until Pope Alexander VI died that Pinturicchio left Rome for Umbria, leaving much of the work in Rome to be completed by Michelangelo, Raphael, and others.[2]

Among other important frescoes by Pinturicchio that still exist in Rome and are in good condition, are in the Bufalini Chapel in the southwest sector of Santa Maria in Ara Coeli, probably executed around 1484–1486. On the altar wall is a grand painting of St. Bernardino of Siena between two other saints, crowned by angels; in the upper part is a figure of Christ in a mandorla, surrounded by angel musicians; on the left wall is a large fresco of the miracles performed by the corpse of St. Bernardino, which includes portraits of members of the sponsoring Bufalini family.

One group of three women, the central figure with a child at her breast, recalls the grace of Raphael's second manner. The composition of the main group around the saint's corpse appears to have been suggested by Giotto's painting of St. Francis on his bier that is found in Santa Croce at Florence. On the vault are four noble figures of the Evangelists, usually attributed to Luca Signorelli, but as with the rest of the frescoes in this chapel, they are more probably by Pinturicchio. On the vault of the sacristy of Santa Cecilia in Trastevere, Pinturicchio painted the Almighty surrounded by the Evangelists. During a visit to Orvieto in 1496, Pinturicchio painted in the choir of the Duomo two more figures of the Latin Doctors. For these he received fifty gold ducats. Now, like the rest of his work at Orvieto, these figures are almost destroyed. In Umbria, his masterpiece is the Baglioni Chapel in the church of S. Maria Maggiore in Spello.

Among his panel paintings the following are the most important: an altarpiece for S. Maria de' Fossi at Perugia, painted in 1496–1498, now moved to the city gallery, depicts a Madonna enthroned among Saints, very minutely painted; the wings of the retable have standing figures of St. Augustine and St. Jerome; and the predella has paintings in miniature of the Annunciation and the Evangelists. Another fine altarpiece, similar in delicacy of detail, and probably painted about the same time, is that in the cathedral of San Severino — the Madonna enthroned looks down toward the kneeling donor. In beauty of face and expression, the angels at the sides recall the manner of Lorenzo di Credi or Da Vinci.

The Vatican galleries have the largest of Pinturicchio's panels — the Coronation of the Virgin, with the apostles and other saints below. Several well-executed portraits occur among the kneeling saints. The Virgin, who kneels at Christ's feet to receive her crown, is a figure of great tenderness and beauty, and the lower group is composed with great skill and grace in arrangement.

In 1504, Pinturicchio designed a mosaic floor panel for the Cathedral of Siena: the Story of Fortuna, or the Hill of Virtue. This was executed by Paolo Mannucci in 1506. On top of the panel, a symbolic representation of Knowledge hands the palm of victory to Socrates.

Among the public collections holding works by Pinturicchio are, the Ashmolean Museum (University of Oxford), Biblioteca Ambrosiana (Milan), the Cleveland Museum of Art, the Courtauld Institute of Art (London), the Denver Art Museum, the Fitzwilliam Museum (University of Cambridge), the Honolulu Museum of Art, the Louvre, the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, the National Gallery, London, Palazzo Ruspoli (Rome), the Philadelphia Museum of Art, the Pinacoteca Ambrosiana (Milan), Princeton University Art Museum, Walters Art Museum in Baltimore, the Vatican Museums, and the Museum of Fine Arts (Budapest).

 
Portrait of a Boy, c. 1500, Gemäldegalerie Alte Meister

Works edit

 
Nativity, at Collegiata di Santa Maria Maggiore, Spello, Italy
 
Assumption of Mary (1481), Sistine Chapel, drawing of fresco lost when destroyed to make space for Michelangelo's Last Judgement
 
Enea Silvio Piccolomini presents emperor Frederick III with his bride-to-be, Eleanora of Portugal – Siena Cathedral.

Notes edit

  1. ^ "Pinturicchio". Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary. Retrieved 21 June 2019.
  2. ^ a b c "PINTURICCHIO." Benezit Dictionary of Artists. Oxford Art Online. Oxford University Press. Web. 14 February 2017. http://www.oxfordartonline.com/subscriber/article/benezit/B00142364 .
  3. ^ Phillipps, cit., pag. 59.
  4. ^ Federici (2003), cit., pp. 344-45, 350.
  5. ^ http://www.arteweb.eu/MULT_BENI_CULTURALI/PintoricchioA3_press.pdf [bare URL PDF]

Sources edit

  •   This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Pinturicchio". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 21 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
  • Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1911). "Pinturicchio" . Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 12. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
  • Scarpellini, Pietro; Maria Rita Silvestrelli (2004). Pintoricchio. Federico Motta Editore.
  • Fabrizio Federici, La diffusione della “prattica romana”: il cardinale Alderano Cybo e le chiese di Massa (1640-1700), in: Atti e Memorie della Deputazione di Storia Patria per le antiche Provincie Modenesi, s. XI - v. XXV, 2003, pp. 315–389.
  • Evelyn March Phillips, Pintoricchio, George Bell & Sons, London, 1901.

External links edit

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Pinturicchio.
  • Pinturicchio on Artcyclopedia

January 01, 1970
pinturicchio, pintoricchio, italian, pintuˈrikkjo, born, bernardino, betto, 1454, 1513, also, known, benetto, biagio, sordicchio, italian, painter, during, renaissance, acquired, nickname, meaning, little, painter, because, small, stature, used, sign, some, ar. Pinturicchio or Pintoricchio US ˌ p ɪ n t e ˈ r iː k i oʊ 1 Italian pintuˈrikkjo born Bernardino di Betto 1454 1513 also known as Benetto di Biagio or Sordicchio was an Italian painter during the Renaissance He acquired his nickname meaning little painter because of his small stature and he used it to sign some of his artworks that were created during the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries 2 Bernardino PinturicchioSelf portrait at the Baglioni ChapelBornBernardino di Betto1454Perugia Papal States present day Italy Died1513 aged 58 59 Siena Republic of Siena present day Italy NationalityItalianEducationPietro PeruginoKnown forPainting frescoMovementItalian Renaissance The Crucifixion with Sts Jerome and Christopher 1471 oil on wood 59 40 cm Galleria Borghese Rome Fresco at Siena Cathedral depicting Pope Pius II Contents 1 Biography 1 1 Early years 1 2 Work in Santa Maria del Popolo in Rome 2 Works in the Vatican Library 3 Works 4 Notes 5 Sources 6 External linksBiography editThis section needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources in this section Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Pinturicchio news newspapers books scholar JSTOR November 2021 Learn how and when to remove this message Early years edit nbsp Bernard of Clairvaux between Louis of Toulouse and Anthony of Padua Bufalini Chapel Santa Maria in Aracoeli Rome Pinturicchio was born the son of Benedetto or Betto di Biagio in Perugia In his career he may have trained under lesser known Perugian painters such as Bonfigli and Fiorenzo di Lorenzo According to Vasari Pinturicchio was a paid assistant of Perugino The works of the Perugian Renaissance school are very similar and often paintings by Perugino Pinturicchio Lo Spagna and a young Raphael may be mistaken one for the other In the execution of large frescoes pupils and assistants had a large share in the work either in enlarging the master s sketch to the full sized cartoon in transferring the cartoon to the wall or in painting backgrounds or accessories His assignment in Rome to decorate the Sistine Chapel was an experience fraught with learning from prominent artists of the time including Sandro Botticelli Domenico Ghirlandaio Pietro Vanucci and Luca Signorelli The Sistine Chapel was where it is believed that Pinturicchio was collaborating with Perugino to some extent 2 Pinturicchio s fresco Assumption of Mary executed in 1481 on the alter wall of the Sistine Chapel was destroyed in 1535 to make way for Michelangelo s Last Judgement Work in Santa Maria del Popolo in Rome edit nbsp Saint Jerome in the Desert c 1475 1480 oil on panel 149 8 x 106 cm Walters Art Museum Baltimore After assisting Perugino in his frescoes in the Sistine Chapel Pinturicchio was employed by various members of the Della Rovere family to decorate the Semi Gods Ceiling of Palazzo dei Penitenzieri as well as a series of chapels in the church of Santa Maria del Popolo where he appears to have worked from 1484 or earlier until 1492 Critic Evelyn March Phillipps sums up his work by saying that the basilica w ould be if it had been left with all its original decorations one of the finest monuments to Pintoricchio s art in Italy A great deal still remains but much has been swept away 3 The earliest known of his works is an altarpiece of the Adoration of the Shepherds in the Della Rovere Chapel the first chapel from the west on the south built by Cardinal Domenico della Rovere In the lunettes under the vault Pinturicchio painted small scenes from the life of St Jerome The polychrome grotesque wall decoration on yellow gold background probably was inspired by the paintings of the Domus Aurea and belong the earliest and highest quality of their kind in Rome The frescos he painted in the Cybo Chapel built by Cardinal Lorenzo Cybo de Mari in the beginning of the sixteenth century were destroyed in 1682 when the chapel was rebuilt by Cardinal Alderano Cybo The old fresco of the Virgin and the Child by Pinturicchio was detached from the wall and sent by the cardinal to Massa in 1687 The fragment was re used as the altarpiece of the Ducal Chapel of the Cathedral of Massa 4 The third chapel on the south is that of Girolamo Basso della Rovere nephew of Pope Sixtus IV and bishop of Recanati The Basso Della Rovere Chapel contains a fine altarpiece Madonna enthroned between Four Saints and on the eastern side a very nobly composed fresco of the Assumption of the Virgin The vault and its lunettes are richly decorated with small paintings of the Life of the Virgin surrounded by graceful arabesques and the dado is covered with monochrome paintings of scenes from the lives of saints illusionistic benches and very gracefully and powerfully drawn figures of women in full length in which the influence of Luca Signorelli may be traced In the Costa Chapel Pinturicchio or one of his helpers painted the Four Latin Doctors in the lunettes of the vault Most of these frescoes are considerably injured by moisture and have suffered little from restoration The last paintings completed by Pinturicchio in this church are found on the vault behind the choir where he painted decorative frescoes with main lines arranged to suit their surroundings in a skilful way In the centre is an octagonal panel Coronation of the Virgin and surrounding it are medallions of the Four Evangelists The spaces between them are filled by reclining figures of the Four Sibyls On each pendentive is a figure of one of the Four Doctors enthroned under a niched canopy The bands that separate these paintings have elaborate arabesques on a gold ground and the whole is painted with broad and effective touches very telling when seen as is necessarily the case from a considerable distance below Works in the Vatican Library editIn 1492 Pinturicchio was summoned to Orvieto Cathedral However he was also commissioned by Pope Alexander VI Borgia to decorate a recently completed suite of six rooms the Borgia Apartments in the Apostolic Palace of the Vatican These rooms now form part of the Vatican Library and five still retain a series of Pinturicchio frescoes He worked in these rooms until around 1494 assisted by his pupils and not without interruption It was not until Pope Alexander VI died that Pinturicchio left Rome for Umbria leaving much of the work in Rome to be completed by Michelangelo Raphael and others 2 Among other important frescoes by Pinturicchio that still exist in Rome and are in good condition are in the Bufalini Chapel in the southwest sector of Santa Maria in Ara Coeli probably executed around 1484 1486 On the altar wall is a grand painting of St Bernardino of Siena between two other saints crowned by angels in the upper part is a figure of Christ in a mandorla surrounded by angel musicians on the left wall is a large fresco of the miracles performed by the corpse of St Bernardino which includes portraits of members of the sponsoring Bufalini family One group of three women the central figure with a child at her breast recalls the grace of Raphael s second manner The composition of the main group around the saint s corpse appears to have been suggested by Giotto s painting of St Francis on his bier that is found in Santa Croce at Florence On the vault are four noble figures of the Evangelists usually attributed to Luca Signorelli but as with the rest of the frescoes in this chapel they are more probably by Pinturicchio On the vault of the sacristy of Santa Cecilia in Trastevere Pinturicchio painted the Almighty surrounded by the Evangelists During a visit to Orvieto in 1496 Pinturicchio painted in the choir of the Duomo two more figures of the Latin Doctors For these he received fifty gold ducats Now like the rest of his work at Orvieto these figures are almost destroyed In Umbria his masterpiece is the Baglioni Chapel in the church of S Maria Maggiore in Spello Among his panel paintings the following are the most important an altarpiece for S Maria de Fossi at Perugia painted in 1496 1498 now moved to the city gallery depicts a Madonna enthroned among Saints very minutely painted the wings of the retable have standing figures of St Augustine and St Jerome and the predella has paintings in miniature of the Annunciation and the Evangelists Another fine altarpiece similar in delicacy of detail and probably painted about the same time is that in the cathedral of San Severino the Madonna enthroned looks down toward the kneeling donor In beauty of face and expression the angels at the sides recall the manner of Lorenzo di Credi or Da Vinci The Vatican galleries have the largest of Pinturicchio s panels the Coronation of the Virgin with the apostles and other saints below Several well executed portraits occur among the kneeling saints The Virgin who kneels at Christ s feet to receive her crown is a figure of great tenderness and beauty and the lower group is composed with great skill and grace in arrangement In 1504 Pinturicchio designed a mosaic floor panel for the Cathedral of Siena the Story of Fortuna or the Hill of Virtue This was executed by Paolo Mannucci in 1506 On top of the panel a symbolic representation of Knowledge hands the palm of victory to Socrates Among the public collections holding works by Pinturicchio are the Ashmolean Museum University of Oxford Biblioteca Ambrosiana Milan the Cleveland Museum of Art the Courtauld Institute of Art London the Denver Art Museum the Fitzwilliam Museum University of Cambridge the Honolulu Museum of Art the Louvre the Museum of Fine Arts Boston the National Gallery London Palazzo Ruspoli Rome the Philadelphia Museum of Art the Pinacoteca Ambrosiana Milan Princeton University Art Museum Walters Art Museum in Baltimore the Vatican Museums and the Museum of Fine Arts Budapest nbsp Portrait of a Boy c 1500 Gemaldegalerie Alte MeisterWorks edit nbsp Nativity at Collegiata di Santa Maria Maggiore Spello Italy nbsp Assumption of Mary 1481 Sistine Chapel drawing of fresco lost when destroyed to make space for Michelangelo s Last Judgement nbsp Enea Silvio Piccolomini presents emperor Frederick III with his bride to be Eleanora of Portugal Siena Cathedral Miracles of St Bernardino 1473 Galleria Nazionale dell Umbria Perugia Saint Jerome in the Desert 1475 1480 Walters Art Museum Baltimore Maryland The Crucifixion with Sts Jerome and Christopher c 1475 oil on wood 59 40 cm Galleria Borghese Rome Della Rovere Chapel late 1470s to 1482 Santa Maria del Popolo Rome including The Adoration of the Child with St Jerome Madonna with Writing Child and St Jerome c 1481 49 5 38 cm Gemaldegalerie Berlin Assumption of Mary fresco Sistine Chapel 1481 later destroyed Madonna with Blessing Child c 1480 National Gallery London Bufalini Chapel c 1484 1486 frescoes Santa Maria in Ara Coeli Rome Basso Della Rovere Chapel c 1484 1492 frescoes Santa Maria del Popolo Rome Cybo Chapel c 1489 1503 in Santa Maria del Popolo Rome Italy destroyed including The Virgin and the Child now in the Cathedral of Massa Massa Tuscany Costa Chapel c 1488 90 frescos Santa Maria del Popolo Rome The Four Doctors of the Church Madonna of Peace c 1490 oil on panel 143 70 cm Pinacoteca civica Tacchi Venturi San Severino Marche Marche Semi Gods Ceiling c 1490 oil on paper on wood Palazzo dei Penitenzieri Rome Nursing Madonna 1492 29 2 21 6 cm Sarah Campbell Blaffer Foundation Houston Texas Borgia Apartments c 1492 1494 frescoes Vatican City Rome Madonna col Bambino e paesaggio 59 x 44 cm Palazzo Baldeschi Perugia 5 Madonna with Reading Child c 1494 1498 33 7 25 4 cm North Carolina Museum of Art Raleigh North Carolina Madonna with Writing Child c 1494 1498 61 41 6 cm Philadelphia Museum of Art Philadelphia Madonna with Writing Child and Bishop c 1495 158 77 3 cm Museu de Belles Arts Valencia Eroli Chapel 1497 frescoes Cathedral of Spoleto Spoleto Santa Maria dei Fossi Altarpiece oil on panel and canvas 513 314 cm Galleria Nazionale dell Umbria Perugia Portrait of a Boy c 1500 Gemaldegalerie Alte Meister Dresden Baglioni Chapel c 1500 1501 Santa Maria Maggiore Spello Piccolomini Library 1502 1507 frescoes Cathedral of Siena Siena Coronation of Pius II c 1503 1508 fresco Cathedral of Siena Siena St John the Baptist Chapel 1504 Cathedral of Siena Siena Madonna Enthroned with Saints 1506 1508 318 257 cm church of Sant Andrea Spello Virgin and Child 51 4 40 6 tempera and gold on wood panel Alicem institute LuxembourgNotes edit Pinturicchio Merriam Webster com Dictionary Retrieved 21 June 2019 a b c PINTURICCHIO Benezit Dictionary of Artists Oxford Art Online Oxford University Press Web 14 February 2017 http www oxfordartonline com subscriber article benezit B00142364 Phillipps cit pag 59 Federici 2003 cit pp 344 45 350 http www arteweb eu MULT BENI CULTURALI PintoricchioA3 press pdf bare URL PDF Sources edit nbsp This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain Chisholm Hugh ed 1911 Pinturicchio Encyclopaedia Britannica Vol 21 11th ed Cambridge University Press Herbermann Charles ed 1911 Pinturicchio Catholic Encyclopedia Vol 12 New York Robert Appleton Company Scarpellini Pietro Maria Rita Silvestrelli 2004 Pintoricchio Federico Motta Editore Fabrizio Federici La diffusione della prattica romana il cardinale Alderano Cybo e le chiese di Massa 1640 1700 in Atti e Memorie della Deputazione di Storia Patria per le antiche Provincie Modenesi s XI v XXV 2003 pp 315 389 Evelyn March Phillips Pintoricchio George Bell amp Sons London 1901 External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Pinturicchio Pinturicchio on Artcyclopedia Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Pinturicchio amp oldid 1220251006, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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