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Wikipedia

McDonald's

December 27, 2022

For other uses, see Macdonald (disambiguation).

"McD" and "McDo" redirect here. For the Philippine subsidiary, see McDonald's Philippines. For other uses, see MCD (disambiguation).
For technical reasons, "McDonald's #1 Store Museum" redirects here. For the museum, see McDonald's No. 1 Store Museum.

McDonald's Corporation is an American multinational fast food chain, founded in 1940 as a restaurant operated by Richard and Maurice McDonald, in San Bernardino, California, United States. They rechristened their business as a hamburger stand, and later turned the company into a franchise, with the Golden Arches logo being introduced in 1953 at a location in Phoenix, Arizona. In 1955, Ray Kroc, a businessman, joined the company as a franchise agent and proceeded to purchase the chain from the McDonald brothers. McDonald's had its previous headquarters in Oak Brook, Illinois, but moved its global headquarters to Chicago in June 2018.[8][9][10][11]

McDonald's Corporation
Golden Arches logo used since 2006
Headquarters in Chicago, Illinois
TypePublic company
ISINUS5801351017
IndustryFast food restaurants, real estate[1][2]
FoundedMay 15, 1940; 82 years ago (1940-05-15) in San Bernardino, California
Founders
Headquarters
Chicago, Illinois
,
U.S.[3]
Number of locations
 40,031 restaurants (2021)[4]
Area served
Worldwide (119+ countries)
Key people
Products
Revenue US$23.223 billion (2021)[4]
US$10.356 billion (2021)[4]
US$7.545 billion (2021)[4]
Total assets US$53.854 billion (2021)[4]
Total equity −US$4.601 billion (2021)[4]
Number of employees
c. 200,000 (2021)[4]
Websitemcdonalds.com
corporate.mcdonalds.com
Footnotes / references
[6][7]
Corporate logo on red background with the wordmark, used in the 1990s and early 2000s

McDonald's is the world's largest restaurant chain by revenue,[12] serving over 69 million customers daily in over 100 countries[13] in more than 40,000 outlets as of 2021.[14][15] McDonald's is best known for its hamburgers, cheeseburgers and french fries, although their menus include other items like chicken, fish, fruit, and salads. Their most well-known licensed item on the menu would be their french fries with the Big Mac close behind.[16] The McDonald's Corporation revenues come from the rent, royalties, and fees paid by the franchisees, as well as sales in company-operated restaurants. According to two reports published in 2018, McDonald's is the world's second-largest private employer with 1.7 million employees (behind Walmart with 2.3 million employees).[17][18] As of 2022, McDonald's has the sixth-highest global brand valuation.[19]

McDonald's has been subject to criticism over the health effects of its products,[20] its treatment of employees,[21] and other business practices.

History

Main article: History of McDonald's
 
The oldest operating McDonald's restaurant is the third one built, opened in 1953. It is located at 10207 Lakewood Blvd. at Florence Ave. in Downey, California (at 33°56′50″N 118°07′06″W / 33.9471°N 118.1182°W / 33.9471; -118.1182).

Siblings Richard and Maurice McDonald opened the first McDonald's at 1398 North E Street at West 14th Street in San Bernardino, California (at 34°07′32″N 117°17′41″W / 34.1255°N 117.2946°W / 34.1255; -117.2946), on May 15, 1940. The brothers introduced the "Speedee Service System" in 1948, putting into expanded use the principles of the modern fast-food restaurant that their predecessor White Castle had put into practice more than two decades earlier.[22][23] The original mascot of McDonald's was a chef hat on top of a hamburger who was referred to as "Speedee".[24] In 1962, the Golden Arches replaced Speedee as the universal mascot. The mascot, clown Ronald McDonald, was introduced in 1965. He appeared in advertising to target their audience of children.[25]

 
Logo from 1940 until 1948
 
Logo from 1948 until 1953
 
Logo from 1953 until 1960

On May 4, 1961, McDonald's first filed for a U.S. trademark on the name "McDonald's" with the description "Drive-In Restaurant Services", which continues to be renewed. By September 13, McDonald's, under the guidance of Ray Kroc, filed for a trademark on a new logo—an overlapping, double-arched "M" symbol. But before the double arches, McDonald's used a single arch for the architecture of their buildings. Although the "Golden Arches" logo appeared in various forms, the present version was not used until November 18, 1968, when the company was favored a U.S. trademark.

The present corporation credits its founding to franchised businessman Ray Kroc on April 15, 1955.[26] This was in fact the ninth opened McDonald's restaurant overall, although this location was destroyed and rebuilt in 1984.[clarification needed] Kroc was recorded as being an aggressive business partner, driving the McDonald brothers out of the industry.[27]

Kroc and the McDonald brothers fought for control of the business, as documented in Kroc's autobiography. In 1961, he purchased the McDonald brothers' equity in the company and began the company's worldwide reach.[28] The sale cost Kroc $2.7 million, a huge sum during that time.[27] The San Bernardino restaurant was eventually torn down in 1971, and the site was sold to the Juan Pollo chain in 1998. This area serves as headquarters for the Juan Pollo chain, and a McDonald's and Route 66 museum.[29] With the expansion of McDonald's into many international markets, the company has become a symbol of globalization and the spread of the American way of life. Its prominence has made it a frequent topic of public debates about obesity, corporate ethics, and consumer responsibility.

Products

Main article: List of McDonald's products
 
French fries, a soft drink, McSpicy Chicken Fillet, and tomato ketchup packet

McDonald's predominantly sells hamburgers, various types of chicken, chicken sandwiches, French fries, soft drinks, breakfast items, and desserts. In most markets, McDonald's offers salads and vegetarian items, wraps and other localized fare. On a seasonal basis, McDonald's offers the McRib sandwich. Some speculate the seasonality of the McRib adds to its appeal.[30] During March of each year, McDonald's offers a Shamrock Shake to honor Saint Patrick's Day.[31]

In addition, the chain also sells some items within the United States on a regional bases; for example, the Hatch Green Chile Double Cheeseburger, which is topped with New Mexico green chile, is only available in the southwestern state of New Mexico.[32][33]

Products are offered as either "dine-in" (where the customer opts to eat in the restaurant) or "take-out" (where the customer opts to take the food off the premises). "Dine-in" meals are provided on a plastic tray with a paper insert on the floor of the tray. "Take-out" meals are usually delivered with the contents enclosed in a distinctive McDonald's-branded brown paper bag. In both cases, the individual items are wrapped or boxed as appropriate.

Since Steve Easterbrook became CEO of the company, McDonald's has streamlined the menu which in the United States contained nearly 200 items. The company has looked to introduce healthier options, and removed high-fructose corn syrup from hamburger buns. The company has removed artificial preservatives from Chicken McNuggets,[34] replacing chicken skin, safflower oil and citric acid found in Chicken McNuggets with pea starch, rice starch and powdered lemon juice.[35]

In September 2018, McDonald's USA announced that they no longer use artificial preservatives, flavors and colors entirely from seven classic burgers sold in the U.S., including the hamburger, cheeseburger, double cheeseburger, McDouble, Quarter Pounder with Cheese, double Quarter Pounder with Cheese and the Big Mac.[36][37] Nevertheless, the pickles will still be made with an artificial preservative, although customers can choose to opt out of getting pickles with their burgers.[38][39]

In November 2020, McDonald's announced McPlant, a plant-based burger, along with plans to develop additional meat alternative menu items that extend to chicken substitutes and breakfast sandwiches.[40][41] This announcement came after the successful testing of Beyond Meat plant based meat substitutes.

International menu variations

See also: International availability of McDonald's products
 
A Croque McDo from France

McDonald's Menu are different in their countries. Restaurants in several countries, particularly in Asia, serve soup. This local deviation from the standard menu is a characteristic for which the chain is particularly known, and one which is employed either to abide by regional food taboos (such as the religious prohibition of beef consumption in India) or to make available foods with which the regional market is more familiar (such as the sale of McRice in Indonesia, or Ebi (prawn) Burger in Singapore and Japan).

In Germany and some other Western European countries, McDonald's sells beer. In New Zealand, McDonald's sells meat pies, after local affiliate McDonald's New Zealand partially relaunched the Georgie Pie fast food chain it bought out in 1996.[42] In Greece, the signature hamburger, Big Mac, is changed by adding Tzatziki sauce and packaging in a pita.[43]

In the United States and Canada, after limited trials on a regional basis, McDonald's began offering in 2015[44] and 2017,[45] respectively, a partial breakfast menu during all hours its restaurants were open. All-day breakfast was phased out from menus at the start of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020.[46]

Restaurants

There are over 36,000 McDonald's restaurants globally. Over a third of these (14,146 restaurants) are in the United States alone - the second highest number is in Japan with 2,975 restaurants, followed by China with 2,700. These three countries make up a majority of global McDonald's stores.[47]

Types of restaurants

Most standalone McDonald's restaurants offer both counter service and drive-through service, with indoor and sometimes outdoor seating.[48] Drive-Thru, Auto-Mac, Pay and Drive, or "McDrive" as it is known in many countries, often has separate stations for placing, paying for, and picking up orders, though the latter two steps are frequently combined;[48] it was first introduced in Sierra Vista, Arizona in 1975,[49] following the lead of other fast-food chains. The first such restaurant in Britain opened at Fallowfield, Manchester in 1986.[50]

In 1994, McDonald's attempted Hearth Express, a prototype specializing in homestyle takeout meals. Among the fare offered were meatloaf, fried chicken, and baked ham. This experiment started with a single location in Darien, Illinois, but closed in only one year.[51]

McDrive

In some countries, McDrive locations near highways offer no counter service or seating.[52] In contrast, locations in high-density city neighborhoods often omit drive-through service.[53] There are also a few locations, mostly in downtown districts, that offer a "Walk-Thru" service in place of Drive-Thru.[54]

McCafé

Main article: McCafé

McCafé is a café-style accompaniment to McDonald's restaurants. The concept was created by McDonald's Australia, starting with Melbourne in 1993.[55] As of 2016, most McDonald's in Australia have McCafés located within the existing McDonald's restaurant. In Tasmania, there are McCafés in every restaurant, with the rest of the states quickly following suit.[48] After upgrading to the new McCafé look and feel, some Australian restaurants have noticed up to a 60 percent increase in sales. At the end of 2003, there were over 600 McCafés worldwide.[citation needed]

"Create Your Taste" restaurants

From 2015 to 2016, McDonald's tried a new gourmet burger service and restaurant concept based on other gourmet restaurants such as Shake Shack and Grill'd. It was rolled out for the first time in Australia during the early months of 2015 and expanded to China, Hong Kong, Singapore, Arabia and New Zealand, with ongoing trials in the US market. In dedicated "Create Your Taste" (CYT) kiosks, customers could choose all ingredients including type of bun and meat along with optional extras. CYT food was served to the table on wooden boards, fries in wire baskets, and salads in china bowls with metal cutlery at a higher price. In November 2016, Create Your Taste was replaced by a "Signature Crafted Recipes" program designed to be more efficient and less expensive.[56]

Other

 
McDonald's at the Itis Mall in Itäkeskus, Helsinki, Finland

Some locations are connected to gas stations and convenience stores,[57] while others called McExpress have limited seating or menu or may be located in a shopping mall. Other McDonald's are located in Walmart stores. McStop is a location targeted at truckers and travelers which may have services found at truck stops.[58]

In the United Kingdom, McDonald's restaurants can be found in service stations, petrol stations, McDrive Thru, Asda Superstores and Supercenters, shopping centres, retail parks and high street restaurants. One McDonald's Drive-Thru in Crawley is located in the car park of a Sainsbury's store. Other McDonald's locations named 'McExpress' or 'McDonald's & Go' have limited seating and can be found more commonly in railway stations and airports.

In Sweden, Happy Meal containers can be used as goggles,[59] with the game Slope Stars.[59] In the Netherlands, McDonald's has introduced McTrax that doubles as a recording studio; it reacts to touch.[59] They can create their own beats with a synth and tweak sounds with special effects.[59]

On the river Elbe in Hamburg, Germany is the world's only McBoat, a float through service (similar to drive through) for people on the river.[60][61]

Special diet

 
A kosher Express McDonald's outlet in the Malha Mall in Jerusalem

The first kosher McDonald's was established in 1997 at the Abasto de Buenos Aires mall in Buenos Aires, Argentina. There are many kosher branches in Israel.[62][63]

PlayPlaces

Main article: McDonald's PlayPlace
 
A McDonald's in Panorama City, Los Angeles, California with a Playplace designed to promote a family-friendly image

McDonald's playgrounds are called McDonald's PlayPlace. Some McDonald's in suburban areas and certain cities feature large indoor or outdoor playgrounds. The first PlayPlace with the familiar crawl-tube design with ball pits and slides was introduced in 1987 in the US, with many more being constructed soon after.[citation needed]

McDonald's Next

McDonald's Next use open-concept design and offer "Create Your Taste" digital ordering. The concept store also offers free mobile device charging and table service after 6:00 pm. The first store opened in Hong Kong in December 2015.[64]

2006 redesign

 
An American McDonald's in Mount Pleasant, Iowa, in June 2008; this is an example of the "new" look of American McDonald's restaurants.

In 2006, McDonald's introduced its "Forever Young" brand by redesigning all of its restaurants, the first major redesign since the 1970s.[65][66] It resembles a coffee shop, with wooden tables, faux-leather chairs, and muted colors; the red was muted to terracotta, the yellow was shifted to golden for a more "sunny" look, and olive and sage green were added. The warmer look has less plastic and more brick and wood, with modern hanging lights for a softer glow. Many restaurants feature free Wi-Fi and flat-screen TVs. Other upgrades include double drive-thrus, flat roofs instead of the angled red roofs, and fiber glass instead of wood. Instead of the familiar golden arches, the restaurants feature "semi-swooshes" (half of a golden arch), similar to the Nike swoosh.[67]

Smoking ban

McDonald's began banning smoking in 1994 when it restricted customers from smoking within its 1,400 wholly owned restaurants.[68]

COVID-19 pandemic

 
A curbside pickup at a McDonald's drive-thru during the COVID-19 pandemic

As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, McDonald's closed most seating and all play areas in its United States restaurants.[69] It transitioned to drive-thru and curbside orders at locations and online food ordering delivery services.[70] The re-opening of McDonald's restaurants for drive-thru in the United Kingdom generated significant queues of traffic throughout the country.[71][72][73][74][75] In July 2020, for the years's second quarter, McDonald's reported earnings of 66 cents per share. Compared to the same period of last year, it represented a fall of 68%.[76]

Treatment of employees

 
A kiosk for placing orders at the Denton House McDonald's in New Hyde Park on Long Island, New York

Automation

Since the late 1990s, McDonald's has attempted to replace employees with electronic kiosks which would perform actions such as taking orders and accepting money. In 1999, McDonald's first tested "E-Clerks" in suburban Chicago, Illinois, and Wyoming, Michigan, with the devices being able to "save money on live staffers" and attracting larger purchase amounts than average employees.[77]

In 2013, the University of Oxford estimated that in the succeeding decades, there was a 92% probability of food preparation and serving to become automated in fast food establishments.[78] By 2016, McDonald's "Create Your Taste" electronic kiosks were seen in some restaurants internationally where customers could custom order meals. As employees pushed for higher wages in the late-2010s, some believed that fast food companies such as McDonald's would use the devices to cut costs for employing individuals.[79]

In September 2019, McDonald's purchased an AI-based start-up Apprente for replacing human servers with voice-based technology in its US drive-throughs.[80]

Wages

On August 5, 2013, The Guardian revealed that 90 percent of McDonald's UK workforce are on zero-hour contracts, making it possibly the largest such private sector employer in the country.[81] In April 2017, due to employee strikes, they gave all employees the option of fixed contracts instead.[82] A study released by Fast Food Forward conducted by Anzalone Liszt Grove Research showed that approximately 84 percent of all fast food employees working in New York City in April 2013 had been paid less than their legal wages by their employers.[83]

From 2007 to 2011, fast food workers in the U.S. drew an average of $7 billion of public assistance annually resulting from receiving low wages.[84] The McResource website advised employees to break their food into smaller pieces to feel fuller, seek refunds for unopened holiday purchases, sell possessions online for quick cash, and to "quit complaining" as "stress hormone levels rise by 15 percent after ten minutes of complaining."[85] In December 2013, McDonald's shut down the McResource website amidst negative publicity and criticism. McDonald's plans to continue an internal telephone help line through which its employees can obtain advice on work and life problems.[86]

Liberal think tank the Roosevelt Institute accuses some McDonald's restaurants of actually paying less than the minimum wage to entry positions due to "rampant" wage theft.[87] In South Korea, McDonald's pays part-time employees $5.50 an hour and is accused of paying less with arbitrary schedule adjustments and pay delays.[88] In late 2015, data collected anonymously by Glassdoor suggests that McDonald's in the United States pays entry-level employees between $7.25 an hour and $11 an hour, with an average of $8.69 an hour. Shift managers get paid an average of $10.34 an hour. Assistant managers get paid an average of $11.57 an hour.[89] McDonald's CEO, Steve Easterbrook, earns an annual salary of $1,100,000.[90] His total compensation for 2017 was $21,761,052.[91]

Strikes

See also: Fast food worker strikes
 
Fast food workers on strike outside of a McDonald's in St. Paul, Minnesota

McDonald's workers have on occasions decided to strike over pay, with most of the employees on strike seeking to be paid $15.00.[92] When interviewed about the strikes occurring, former McDonald's CEO Ed Rensi stated: "It's cheaper to buy a $35,000 robotic arm than it is to hire an employee who's inefficient making $15 an hour bagging french fries" with Rensi explaining that increasing employee wages could possibly take away from entry-level jobs.[93] However, according to Easterbrook, increasing wages and benefits for workers saw a 6% increase in customer satisfaction when comparing 2015's first quarter data to the first quarter of 2016, with greater returns seen as a result.[93]

In September 2017, two British McDonald's stores agreed to a strike over zero-hours contracts for staff. Picket lines were formed around the two stores in Crayford and Cambridge. The strike was supported by the Leader of the Opposition Jeremy Corbyn.[94][95]

Occupation

Workers at the McDonald's franchise at Saint-Barthélémy, Marseille, occupied the restaurant, in protest against its planned closure. Employing 77 people, the restaurant is the second-biggest private sector employer in Saint-Barthélémy, which has an unemployment rate of 30 percent.[96] Lawyers for Kamel Guemari, a shop steward at the franchise, claimed an attempt was made to kill him when a car drove at him in the restaurant car park.[97][98]

Working conditions

In March 2015, McDonald's workers in 19 U.S. cities filed 28 health and safety complaints with the U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration which allege that low staffing, lack of protective gear, poor training and pressure to work fast has resulted in injuries. The complaints allege that, because of a lack of first aid supplies, workers were told by management to treat burn injuries with condiments such as mayonnaise and mustard.[99] The Fight for $15 labor organization aided the workers in filing the complaints.[100]

Animal welfare standards

In 2015, McDonald's pledged to stop using eggs from battery cage facilities by 2025. Since McDonald's purchases over 2 billion eggs per year or 4 percent of eggs produced in the United States, the switch is expected to have a major impact on the egg industry and is part of a general trend toward cage-free eggs driven by consumer concern over the harsh living conditions of hens.[101][102] The aviary systems from which the new eggs will be sourced are troubled by much higher mortality rates, as well as introducing environmental and worker safety problems.[103] The high hen mortality rate, which is more than double that of battery cage systems, will require new research to mitigate. The facilities have higher ammonia levels due to faeces being kicked up into the air. Producers raised concerns about the production cost, which is expected to increase by 36 percent.[104]

McDonald's continues to source pork from facilities that use gestation crates, and in 2012 pledged to phase them out.[105][106][needs update]

Corporate overview

Facts and figures

 
Corporate logo used from 1960 until November 18, 1968
 
Corporate logo used from November 18, 1968, until 2003
 
Corporate logo used from 1993 to 2010
 
By 1993, McDonald's had sold more than 100 billion hamburgers so two-digit signs were left at "99 billion".[107]
 
The McDonald's in Northport, Alabama commemorates U.S. President Ronald Reagan's visit.

McDonald's restaurants are in 120 countries and territories and serve 68 million customers each day.[108][109] McDonald's operates 37,855 restaurants worldwide, employing more than 210,000 people as of the end of 2018.[14][15][108] There are a total of 2,770 company-owned locations and 35,085 franchised locations, which includes 21,685 locations franchised to conventional franchisees, 7,225 locations licensed to developmental licensees, and 6,175 locations licensed to foreign affiliates.[14][15]

Focusing on its core brand, McDonald's began divesting itself of other chains it had acquired during the 1990s. The company owned a majority stake in Chipotle Mexican Grill until October 2006, when McDonald's fully divested from Chipotle through a stock exchange.[110][111] Until December 2003, it owned Donatos Pizza, and it owned a small share of Aroma Café, from 1999 to 2001. On August 27, 2007, McDonald's sold Boston Market to Sun Capital Partners.[112]

McDonald's has increased shareholder dividends for 25 consecutive years,[113] making it one of the S&P 500 Dividend Aristocrats.[114][115] The company is ranked 131st on the Fortune 500 of the largest United States corporations by revenue.[116] In October 2012, its monthly sales fell for the first time in nine years.[117] In 2014, its quarterly sales fell for the first time in seventeen years, when its sales dropped for the entirety of 1997.[118]

In the United States, it is reported that drive-throughs account for 70 percent of sales.[119][120] McDonald's closed down 184 restaurants in the United States in 2015, which was 59 more than what they planned to open.[121][122] This move was the first time McDonald's had a net decrease in the number of locations in the United States since 1970.[122]

The McDonald's on-demand delivery concept, which began in 2017 with a partnership with Uber Eats and added DoorDash in 2019 (with select locations adding Grubhub in 2021), accounts for up to 3% of all business as of 2019.[123]

The $100 billion in sales generated by McDonald's company-owned and franchise restaurants in 2019 accounts for almost 4% of the estimated $2.5 trillion global restaurant industry.[124]

Finance

For the fiscal year 2018, McDonald's reported earnings of US$5.9 billion, with an annual revenue of US$21.0 billion, a decrease of 7.9% over the previous fiscal cycle. McDonald's shares traded at over $145 per share, and its market capitalization was valued at over US$134.5 billion in September 2018.

Year Revenue
in million US$ 		Net income
in million US$ 		Total assets
in million US$ 		Price per share
in USD$ 		Locations[125] Employees Ref.
2005 19,117 2,602 29,989 31.88 [126]
2006 20,895 3,544 28,975 36.79 31,046 [126]
2007 22,787 2,395 29,392 50.98 31.377 [126]
2008 23,522 4,313 28,462 58.06 31,967 [127]
2009 22,745 4,551 30,225 57.44 32,478 385,000 [128]
2010 24,075 4,946 31,975 70.91 32,737 400,000 [129]
2011 27,006 5,503 32,990 83.97 33,510 420,000 [130]
2012 27,567 5,465 35,387 92.53 34,480 440,000 [131]
2013 28,106 5,586 36,626 97.26 35,429 440,000 [132]
2014 27,441 4,758 34,227 96.38 36,258 420,000 [133]
2015 25,413 4,529 37,939 100.28 36,525 420,000 [134]
2016 24,622 4,687 31,024 120.14 36,899 375,000 [135]
2017 22,820 5,192 33,804 148.76 37,241 235,000 [136]
2018 21,025 5,924 32,811 166.06 37,855 210,000 [137]
2019 21,077 6,025 47,511 198.27 38,695 205,000 [138]
2020 19,208 4,731 52,627 200.89 39,198 200,000 [139]
2021 23,223 7,545 53,606 234.69 40,031 200,000 [140][4]

Business model

 
Ray Kroc joined the chain in 1954 and built it into a global franchise, making it the most successful fast food corporation in the world.

The company owns all the land on which its restaurants are situated, which is valued at an estimated $16 to $18 billion.[citation needed] The company earns a significant portion of its revenue from rental payments from franchisees. These rent payments rose 26 percent, between 2010 and 2015, accounting for one-fifth of the company's total revenue at the end of the period.[141] In recent times, there have been calls to spin off the company's U.S. holdings into a potential real estate investment trust, but the company announced at its investor conference on November 10, 2015, that this would not happen. CEO Steve Easterbrook discussed that pursuing the REIT option would pose too large a risk to the company's business model.[142]

The United Kingdom and Ireland business model is different from the U.S., in that fewer than 30 percent of restaurants are franchised, with the majority under the ownership of the company. McDonald's trains its franchisees and management at Hamburger University located at its Chicago headquarters.[143][144] In other countries, McDonald's restaurants are operated by joint ventures of McDonald's Corporation and other, local entities or governments.[145]

According to Fast Food Nation by Eric Schlosser (2001), nearly one in eight workers in the U.S. have at some time been employed by McDonald's. Employees are encouraged by McDonald's Corp. to maintain their health by singing along to their favorite songs in order to relieve stress, attending church services in order to have a lower blood pressure, and taking two vacations annually in order to reduce risk for myocardial infarction.[146] Fast Food Nation states that McDonald's is the largest private operator of playgrounds in the U.S., as well as the single largest purchaser of beef, pork, potatoes, and apples. The selection of meats McDonald's uses varies to some extent based on the culture of the host country.[147]

In 2021, the company cut value meals and cheaper items from its menu as part of a focus on higher-priced items.[148][149][150][151]

Headquarters

On June 13, 2016, McDonald's confirmed plans to move its global headquarters to Chicago's West Loop neighborhood in the Near West Side. The 608,000-square-foot structure opened on June 4, 2018, and was built on the former site of Harpo Productions (where The Oprah Winfrey Show and several other Harpo productions taped).[8][9]

The McDonald's former headquarters complex, McDonald's Plaza, is located in Oak Brook, Illinois. It sits on the site of the former headquarters and stabling area of Paul Butler, the founder of Oak Brook.[152] McDonald's moved into the Oak Brook facility from an office within the Chicago Loop in 1971.[153]

Board of directors

As of February 2021, the board of directors had the following members:[154]

On March 1, 2015, after being chief brand officer of McDonald's and its former head in the UK and northern Europe, Steve Easterbrook became CEO, succeeding Don Thompson, who stepped down on January 28, 2015.[citation needed]

In November 2019, McDonald's board of directors voted to remove Easterbrook as CEO since he had violated corporate policies on personal conduct by entering into a relationship with a company employee.[155] He was replaced as CEO by Chris Kempczinski, who had been president of McDonald's USA.[156]

In August 2022, McDonald's announced significant changes to its board. It said that existing director Sheila Penrose, chair of JLL Inc., would retire and that Anthony Capuano, CEO of Marriott International, executive vice president and worldwide chairman of pharmaceuticals Jennifer Taubert of Johnson & Johnson, and Amy Weaver president and CFO of Salesforce would join. The changes were unrelated to an effort by activist investor Carl Icahn.[157][158][159]

Global operations

See also: List of countries with McDonald's restaurants and International availability of McDonald's products
 
Countries with McDonald's restaurants, showing their first year with its first restaurant

McDonald's has become emblematic of globalization, sometimes referred to as the "McDonaldization" of society. The Economist newspaper uses the "Big Mac Index": the comparison of the cost of a Big Mac in various world currencies can be used to informally judge these currencies' purchasing power parity. Switzerland has the most expensive Big Mac in the world as of July 2015, while the country with the least expensive Big Mac is India[160][161] (albeit for a Maharaja Mac—the next cheapest Big Mac is Hong Kong).[162] The northernmost McDonald's restaurant in the world is located in Rovaniemi, Finland (after the restaurant in Murmansk, Russia was closed in 2022)[163] and the southernmost in the world is located in Invercargill, New Zealand.[164][non-primary source needed]

Thomas Friedman said that no country with a McDonald's had gone to war with another;[165][166] however, the "Golden Arches Theory of Conflict Prevention" is incorrect. Exceptions are the 1989 United States invasion of Panama, NATO's bombing of Serbia in 1999, the 2006 Lebanon War, and the 2008 South Ossetia war. McDonald's suspended operations in its corporate-owned stores in Crimea after Russia annexed the region in 2014.[167] On August 20, 2014, as tensions between the United States and Russia strained over the Russian annexation of Crimea, and the resultant U.S. sanctions, the Russian government temporarily shut down four McDonald's outlets in Moscow, citing sanitary concerns. The company has operated in Russia since 1990 and at August 2014 had 438 stores across the country.[168] On August 23, 2014, Russian Deputy Prime Minister Arkady Dvorkovich ruled out any government move to ban McDonald's and dismissed the notion that the temporary closures had anything to do with the sanctions.[169]

Some observers have suggested that the company should be given credit for increasing the standard of service in markets that it enters. A group of anthropologists in a study entitled Golden Arches East[170] looked at the impact McDonald's had on East Asia and Hong Kong, in particular. When it opened in Hong Kong in 1975, McDonald's was the first restaurant to consistently offer clean restrooms, driving customers to demand the same of other restaurants and institutions. McDonald's has taken to partnering up with Sinopec, the second largest oil company in the People's Republic of China, as it takes advantage of the country's growing use of personal vehicles by opening numerous drive-thru restaurants.[171] McDonald's has opened a McDonald's restaurant and McCafé on the underground premises of the French fine arts museum, The Louvre.[172]

The company stated it would open vegetarian-only restaurants in India by mid-2013.[173][needs update]

On January 9, 2017, 80% of the franchise rights in mainland China and in Hong Kong were sold for US$2.08 billion to a consortium of CITIC Limited (for 32%) and private equity funds managed by CITIC Capital (for 20%) and Carlyle (for 20%), which CITIC Limited and CITIC Capital would form a joint venture to own the stake.[174]

On March 8, 2022, McDonald's temporarily closed their 850 locations in Russia due to the invasion of Ukraine, but will continue to pay the salary for 62,000 employees. Approximately nine percent of global revenue and three percent of operating profit come from Russia and 100 locations in Ukraine.[175][176][177]

On May 16, 2022, McDonald's announced that the closures would become permanent and that it was selling all its 850 stores in Russia. Furthermore, 32 years after McDonald's entered the Soviet market, the American giant wants its current business to be "de-Arched", the company plans to retain its trademarks in Russia, meaning the locations would no longer be allowed to use the McDonald's name, logo, or menu. McDonald's also said it would continue to pay its Russian employees until the sale is finalized. The company has more than 60,000 Russian employees.[178][179][180][181][182]

On June 10, 2022, a Russian McDonald's buyer announced a new logo as an attempt at rebranding. It featured one circle and two lines, which represented a burger and two french fries.[183] The business was rebranded as Vkusno i tochka, which roughly translates to "Tasty – Period."[184][185][186]

McDonald's is to reopen its stores in Ukraine after closing them in February in non-contested areas like Kyiv and Western Ukraine. During the closure McDonald's has continued to pay its employees, number some 10,000. Originally some 109 restaurants, it is unclear how many will reopen.[187]

On November 11, 2022, McDonald's in Belarus announced that all 25 stores in 6 cities will rebrand and operate as Vkusno i tochka "in several weeks".[188]

Marketing and advertising

Main article: McDonald's advertising

McDonald's has for decades maintained an extensive advertising campaign. In addition to the usual media (television, radio, and newspaper), the company makes significant use of billboards and signage, and also sponsors sporting events ranging from Little League to the FIFA World Cup and Olympic Games.[189] Television has played a central role in the company's advertising strategy.[190] To date, McDonald's has used 23 different slogans in United States advertising, as well as a few other slogans for select countries and regions.[191]

Children's advertising

Main articles: Ronald McDonald and McDonaldland

Celebrity endorsements

In 1992, basketball player Michael Jordan became the first celebrity to have a McDonald's value meal named after him. The "McJordan", a Quarter Pounder with pickles, raw onion slices, bacon and barbecue sauce, was available at Chicago franchises.[192]

In March 2014, a special "Sprite 6 Mix by LeBron James" flavor of Sprite featuring the flavors of lemon-lime, orange, and cherry, debuted just before the NBA playoffs.[193] James’ endorsement of Sprite has also included the seasonal "cranberry" and "winter-spiced cranberry" editions of the beverage. James’ deal with Coca Cola and Sprite ended in 2020, with a new partnership with Pepsi and Mountain Dew launching in 2021.[194]

In September 2020, McDonald's partnered with rapper Travis Scott to release the "Travis Scott Meal", a Quarter Pounder with cheese, bacon, lettuce, pickles, ketchup and mustard; medium fries with barbecue sauce; and a Sprite, nationwide. Scott designed new uniforms for McDonald's employees and released Cactus Jack merchandise using vintage visuals from the fast food chain's history.[195] The company followed up with the "J Balvin Meal", a Big Mac with no pickles; fries with ketchup; and an Oreo McFlurry, in a partnership with reggaeton singer J Balvin.[196] LeBron James has been a spokesman for McDonald's from 2003 to 2017[197] while co-endorsing Coca Cola-Sprite since early in his career.[198]

In 2021, McDonald's partnered with Korean boy group BTS to release the "BTS Meal" in 50 countries around the world, starting on May 26 in select countries. The meal consists of a 10-piece Chicken McNuggets, medium fries, medium Coke, and for the first time in the United States, two spicy dipping sauces: Sweet Chili and Cajun.[199]

Space exploration

McDonald's and NASA explored an advertising agreement for a planned mission to the asteroid 449 Hamburga; however, the spacecraft was eventually cancelled.[200]

Sponsorship in NASCAR

 
The McDonald's-sponsored car of Jamie McMurray in 2016
 
Bubba Wallace in a McDonald's-sponsored racing suit in 2022

McDonald's entered the NASCAR Cup Series in 1977, sponsoring Richard Childress for one race. Between the years 1977 and 1986, McDonald's would only sponsor a handful of races in a season. In 1993, McDonald's became the full-time sponsor for the No. 27 Junior Johnson & Associates Ford, driven by Hut Stricklin.[201] In 1994, Stricklin was replaced in the car by Jimmy Spencer, who would go on to win twice that season. The following season McDonald's would move over to the No. 94 Bill Elliott Racing Ford, driven by team-owner Bill Elliott.[202] McDonald's stayed with Elliott until the 2001 season when they moved again, this time to the No. 96 PPI Motorsports Ford, driven by rookie Andy Houston. However, when the team failed to field a car for the entire season, McDonald's became absent from NASCAR until 2004, when it joined Evernham Motorsports as a part-time sponsor for drivers Elliott, Kasey Kahne, Elliott Sadler, A. J. Allmendinger, and Reed Sorenson until 2010.[201]

During the 2010 season, McDonald's would enter its longest partnership with a team at Chip Ganassi Racing, sponsoring the No. 1 Chevrolet driven by Jamie McMurray until his final race in the 2019 Daytona 500.[203][204] McDonald's moved to CGR's No. 42 of Kyle Larson, whom the company sponsored until his suspension in 2020,[205] and also had a one-race partnership with Richard Petty Motorsports' No. 43 Chevrolet driven by Bubba Wallace in 2019 and 2020.[206][207] McDonald's continued working with the No. 42 under new driver Ross Chastain in 2021 and also joined Wallace's new team 23XI Racing as a "founding partner".[208][209]

Sports awards and honors

See also: Category:McDonald's High School All-Americans

McDonald's is the title sponsor of the McDonald's All-American Game, all-star basketball games played each year for top ranked amateur American and Canadian boys' and girls' high school basketball graduates.

Charity

See also: Ronald McDonald House Charities

McHappy Day

 
A Ronald McDonald House collection box in Framingham, Massachusetts

McHappy Day is an annual event at McDonald's, during which a percentage of the day's sales go to charity. It is the signature fundraising event for Ronald McDonald House Charities.[210]

In 2007, it was celebrated in 17 countries: Argentina, Australia, Austria, Brazil, Canada, England, Finland, France, Guatemala, Hungary, Ireland, New Zealand, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland, the United States, and Uruguay.

According to the Australian McHappy Day website, McHappy Day raised $20.4 million in 2009. The goal for 2010 was $20.8 million.[211]

McDonald's Monopoly donation

In 1995, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital received an anonymous letter postmarked in Dallas, Texas, containing a $1 million winning McDonald's Monopoly game piece. McDonald's officials came to the hospital, accompanied by a representative from the accounting firm Arthur Andersen, who examined the card under a jeweler's eyepiece, handled it with plastic gloves, and verified it as a winner.[212] Although game rules prohibited the transfer of prizes, McDonald's waived the rule and made the annual $50,000 annuity payments for the full 20-year period through 2014, even after learning that the piece was sent by an individual involved in an embezzlement scheme intended to defraud McDonald's.

McRefugee

See also: McRefugee

McRefugees are poor people in Hong Kong, Japan, and China who use McDonald's 24-hour restaurants as a temporary hostel.[213]

Criticism

Main article: Criticism of McDonald's

McDonald's has been criticised for numerous aspects of its business, including the health effects of its products, its treatment of employees, and other business practices. In the late 1980s, Phil Sokolof, a millionaire businessman who had suffered a heart attack at the age of 43, took out full-page newspaper ads in New York, Chicago, and other large cities accusing McDonald's menu of being a threat to American health, and asking them to stop using beef tallow to cook their french fries.[214]

In 1990, activists from a small group known as London Greenpeace (no connection to the international group Greenpeace) distributed leaflets entitled What's wrong with McDonald's?, criticizing its environmental, health, and labor record. The corporation wrote to the group demanding they desist and apologize, and, when two of the activists refused to back down, sued them for libel leading to the "McLibel case", one of the longest cases in English civil law. A documentary film of the McLibel Trial has been shown in several countries.[215]

In 2001, Eric Schlosser's book Fast Food Nation included criticism of the business practices of McDonald's, particularly with respect to its use of political influence and targeting advertisements to children.[216] In 2002, vegetarian groups, largely Hindu and Buddhist, successfully sued McDonald's for misrepresenting its french fries as vegetarian, when they contained beef broth.[217]

Critical terms such as "McJob" and "McMansion" have been added to dictionaries.[218][219][220]

Morgan Spurlock's 2004 documentary film Super Size Me claimed that McDonald's food was contributing to the increase of obesity in society and that the company was failing to provide nutritional information about its food for its customers. Six weeks after the film premiered, McDonald's announced that it was eliminating the super size option, and was creating the adult Happy Meal.

Studies of litter have found that McDonald's is one of the most littered brands worldwide. In 2012, a Keep Australia Beautiful study found that McDonald's was the most littered brand in Queensland.[221][222]

In response to public pressure, McDonald's has sought to include more healthy choices in its menu, announcing in May 2008 that, in the United States and Canada, it has switched to using cooking oil that contains no trans fats for its french fries, and canola-based oil with corn and soy oils, for its baked items, pies and cookies, by end of 2018.[223] The company introduced a new slogan to its recruitment posters: "Not bad for a McJob".[224]

Since McDonald's began receiving criticism for its environmental practices in the 1970s, it has significantly reduced its use of materials.[225] In 1990, McDonald's worked with the Environmental Defense Fund to stop using "clam shell"-shaped styrofoam food containers to store its food products.[226]

Legal cases

Main article: McDonald's legal cases

McDonald's has been involved in a number of lawsuits and other legal cases, most of which involved trademark disputes. The company has threatened many food businesses with legal action unless it drops the 'Mc' or 'Mac' from trading names.

European Union

In April 2017, Irish fast-food chain Supermac's submitted a request to the European Union Property Office to cancel McDonald's owned trademarks within the European Union, claiming that McDonald's engaged in "trademark bullying; registering brand names... which are simply stored away in a war chest to use against future competitors", after the trademarks had prevented Supermac's from expanding out of Ireland. The EUIPO ruled in Supermac's favour, finding that McDonald's "has not proven genuine use" of many trademarks, cancelling McDonald's owned trademarks such as "Big Mac" and certain "Mc"-related trademarks within the European Union.[227][228][229]

Burger King responded by "trolling" McDonald's by giving their sandwiches names that included the words "Big Mac", that also mocked the original burger, which included, "Like a Big Mac But Juicier", "Like a Big Mac, But Actually Big" and "Big Mac-ish But Flame-Grilled of Course".[230]

The McDonald's group has had proceedings taken against it from the French Tax Authorities, with possible charges of criminal tax fraud. In July 2022, the group reached an agreement with the French judicial authorities to end criminal proceedings for tax fraud.[231]

Malaysia

On September 8, 2009, McDonald's Malaysian operations lost a lawsuit to prevent another restaurant calling itself McCurry. McDonald's lost in an appeal to Malaysia's highest court, the Federal Court.[232] On December 29, 2016, McDonald's Malaysia issued a statement that said only certified halal cakes are allowed inside its restaurants nationwide.[233]

Australia

In April 2007, in Perth, Western Australia, McDonald's pleaded guilty to five charges relating to the employment of children under 15 in one of its outlets and was fined A$8,000.[234]

United Kingdom

The longest-running legal action of all time in the UK was the McLibel case against two defendants who criticized a number of aspects of the company. The trial lasted 10 years and called 130 witnesses. The European Court of Human Rights deemed that the unequal resources of the litigants breached the defendants rights to freedom of speech and biased the trial. The result was widely seen as a "PR disaster" for McDonald's.[235]

In the end of November 2013, controversy arose after the Rucka Rucka Ali song "Only 17", a parody of "Just a Dream" by Nelly, was accidentally played uncensored over the speakers at a McDonald's restaurant in Wales.[236][237] Subsequently, McDonald's issued an apology to the offended customers.[238] That same week, Rucka Rucka Ali responded to the controversy on his YouTube channel by jokingly demanding a personal apology from the restaurant.[239]

United States

The 1994 court case Liebeck v. McDonald's Restaurants examined a McDonald's practice of serving coffee so hot that when spilled, it caused third degree burns requiring weeks of hospitalization and skin grafting surgery.[240][241] The trial outcome was an award of $2.86 million (equivalent to $4.62 million in 2020)[242] for the plaintiff, 81-year old Stella Liebeck.[240][241] The amount was later reduced to $640,000 (equivalent to $1 million in 2020). In 2019, a McDonald's employee, Jenna Ries, sued the restaurant chain over allowing sexual harassment in the work place and described the working environment as "toxic".[243]

See also

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Further reading

  • Ashenfelter, Orley, and Štěpán Jurajda. "Minimum Wages, Wages, and Price Pass-Through: The Case of McDonald’s Restaurants." Journal of Labor Economics 40.S1 (2022): S179-S201. abstract
  • Bryman, Alan. "McDonald's as a Disneyized institution: Global implications." American Behavioral Scientist 47.2 (2003): 154–167. online
  • Derdak, Thomas and Jay P. Pederson, ed. (2004). "McDonald's". International directory of company histories (3rd ed.). St. James Press. pp. 108–9. ISBN 978-1-55862-512-9.
  • Eckhardt, Giana M., and Michael J. Houston. "Cultural paradoxes reflected in brand meaning: McDonald's in Shanghai, China." Journal of International Marketing 10.2 (2002): 68-82 online.
  • Evans, Stephen (April 20, 2004). "McDonald's: The journey to health". BBC News. Retrieved June 30, 2016.
  • Horovitz, Bruce (May 8, 2014). "McDonald's testing seasoned fries". USA Today. Retrieved June 30, 2016.
  • Kincheloe, Joe. "The complex politics of McDonald’s and the new childhood: Colonizing kidworld." International Critical Childhood Policy Studies Journal 4.1 (2011): 1-46. online
  • Kincheloe, Joe L. The sign of the burger: McDonald's and the culture of power (Temple University Press, 2002).
  • Kottak, Conrad P. "Rituals at McDonald's." Journal of American culture 1.2 (1978): 370-376 online[dead link].
  • Kroc, Ray. Grinding It Out: The Making of McDonald's, 1977 ISBN 0809282593 a primary source
  • Langert, Bob. The battle to do good: Inside McDonald’s sustainability journey (2019).
  • Livesey, Sharon M. "McDonald's and the Environmental Defense Fund: A case study of a green alliance." Journal of Business Communication (1973) 36.1 (1999): 5-39.
  • Love, John F. McDonald's: Behind The Arches (1995). online
  • Napoli, Lisa. Ray & Joan: The Man Who Made the McDonald's Fortune and the Woman Who Gave It All Away 2016 ISBN 1101984953.
  • Ram, Uri. "Glocommodification: How the global consumes the local--McDonald’s in Israel." Current Sociology 52.1 (2004): 11–31. online
  • Royle, Tony. Working for McDonald's in Europe: the unequal struggle (Routledge, 2004).
  • Schlosser, Eric. Fast Food Nation: The Dark Side of the All-American Meal by 2001 ISBN 0395977894.
  • Smith, Andrew F. ed. Encyclopedia of Junk Food and Fast Food (2006)
  • Tien, Nguyen Hoang. "Customization and Standardization of the Business Strategy of Foreign Enterprises in Vietnam–the McDonald’s Case and the Fast Food Sector" International journal of research in marketing management and sales 1.2 (2019): 44–50. online
  • Vignali, Claudio. "McDonald’s: 'think global, act local'–the marketing mix." British food journal (2001) online[dead link].
  • Watson, James L., ed. Golden arches east: McDonald's in East Asia (Stanford University Press, 2006) excerpt

External links

  • Official website
  • Corporate website
  • Business data for McDonald's:
    • Google
    • SEC filings
    • Yahoo!

December 27, 2022
mcdonald, other, uses, macdonald, disambiguation, mcdo, redirect, here, philippine, subsidiary, philippines, other, uses, disambiguation, technical, reasons, store, museum, redirects, here, museum, store, museum, corporation, american, multinational, fast, foo. For other uses see Macdonald disambiguation McD and McDo redirect here For the Philippine subsidiary see McDonald s Philippines For other uses see MCD disambiguation For technical reasons McDonald s 1 Store Museum redirects here For the museum see McDonald s No 1 Store Museum McDonald s Corporation is an American multinational fast food chain founded in 1940 as a restaurant operated by Richard and Maurice McDonald in San Bernardino California United States They rechristened their business as a hamburger stand and later turned the company into a franchise with the Golden Arches logo being introduced in 1953 at a location in Phoenix Arizona In 1955 Ray Kroc a businessman joined the company as a franchise agent and proceeded to purchase the chain from the McDonald brothers McDonald s had its previous headquarters in Oak Brook Illinois but moved its global headquarters to Chicago in June 2018 8 9 10 11 McDonald s CorporationGolden Arches logo used since 2006Headquarters in Chicago IllinoisTypePublic companyTraded asNYSE MCDDJIA componentS amp P 100 componentS amp P 500 componentISINUS5801351017IndustryFast food restaurants real estate 1 2 FoundedMay 15 1940 82 years ago 1940 05 15 in San Bernardino CaliforniaFoundersRichard and Maurice McDonaldRay KrocHeadquartersChicago Illinois U S 3 Number of locations40 031 restaurants 2021 4 Area servedWorldwide 119 countries Key peopleEnrique Hernandez Jr chairman 5 Chris Kempczinski president amp CEO ProductsHamburgerschickenfrench friessoft drinkssoft servesmilkshakessaladsdessertshotcakecoffeebreakfastwrapsRevenueUS 23 223 billion 2021 4 Operating incomeUS 10 356 billion 2021 4 Net incomeUS 7 545 billion 2021 4 Total assetsUS 53 854 billion 2021 4 Total equity US 4 601 billion 2021 4 Number of employeesc 200 000 2021 4 Websitemcdonalds com corporate mcdonalds comFootnotes references 6 7 Corporate logo on red background with the wordmark used in the 1990s and early 2000s McDonald s is the world s largest restaurant chain by revenue 12 serving over 69 million customers daily in over 100 countries 13 in more than 40 000 outlets as of 2021 14 15 McDonald s is best known for its hamburgers cheeseburgers and french fries although their menus include other items like chicken fish fruit and salads Their most well known licensed item on the menu would be their french fries with the Big Mac close behind 16 The McDonald s Corporation revenues come from the rent royalties and fees paid by the franchisees as well as sales in company operated restaurants According to two reports published in 2018 McDonald s is the world s second largest private employer with 1 7 million employees behind Walmart with 2 3 million employees 17 18 As of 2022 update McDonald s has the sixth highest global brand valuation 19 McDonald s has been subject to criticism over the health effects of its products 20 its treatment of employees 21 and other business practices Contents 1 History 2 Products 2 1 International menu variations 3 Restaurants 3 1 Types of restaurants 3 1 1 McDrive 3 1 2 McCafe 3 1 3 Create Your Taste restaurants 3 1 4 Other 3 1 5 Special diet 3 1 6 PlayPlaces 3 1 7 McDonald s Next 3 2 2006 redesign 3 3 Smoking ban 3 4 COVID 19 pandemic 4 Treatment of employees 4 1 Automation 4 2 Wages 4 2 1 Strikes 4 3 Occupation 4 4 Working conditions 5 Animal welfare standards 6 Corporate overview 6 1 Facts and figures 6 2 Finance 6 3 Business model 6 4 Headquarters 6 5 Board of directors 6 6 Global operations 7 Marketing and advertising 7 1 Children s advertising 7 2 Celebrity endorsements 7 3 Space exploration 7 4 Sponsorship in NASCAR 7 5 Sports awards and honors 8 Charity 8 1 McHappy Day 8 2 McDonald s Monopoly donation 8 3 McRefugee 9 Criticism 9 1 Legal cases 9 1 1 European Union 9 1 2 Malaysia 9 1 3 Australia 9 1 4 United Kingdom 9 1 5 United States 10 See also 11 References 12 Further reading 13 External linksHistoryMain article History of McDonald s The oldest operating McDonald s restaurant is the third one built opened in 1953 It is located at 10207 Lakewood Blvd at Florence Ave in Downey California at 33 56 50 N 118 07 06 W 33 9471 N 118 1182 W 33 9471 118 1182 Siblings Richard and Maurice McDonald opened the first McDonald s at 1398 North E Street at West 14th Street in San Bernardino California at 34 07 32 N 117 17 41 W 34 1255 N 117 2946 W 34 1255 117 2946 on May 15 1940 The brothers introduced the Speedee Service System in 1948 putting into expanded use the principles of the modern fast food restaurant that their predecessor White Castle had put into practice more than two decades earlier 22 23 The original mascot of McDonald s was a chef hat on top of a hamburger who was referred to as Speedee 24 In 1962 the Golden Arches replaced Speedee as the universal mascot The mascot clown Ronald McDonald was introduced in 1965 He appeared in advertising to target their audience of children 25 Logo from 1940 until 1948 Logo from 1948 until 1953 Logo from 1953 until 1960 On May 4 1961 McDonald s first filed for a U S trademark on the name McDonald s with the description Drive In Restaurant Services which continues to be renewed By September 13 McDonald s under the guidance of Ray Kroc filed for a trademark on a new logo an overlapping double arched M symbol But before the double arches McDonald s used a single arch for the architecture of their buildings Although the Golden Arches logo appeared in various forms the present version was not used until November 18 1968 when the company was favored a U S trademark The present corporation credits its founding to franchised businessman Ray Kroc on April 15 1955 26 This was in fact the ninth opened McDonald s restaurant overall although this location was destroyed and rebuilt in 1984 clarification needed Kroc was recorded as being an aggressive business partner driving the McDonald brothers out of the industry 27 Kroc and the McDonald brothers fought for control of the business as documented in Kroc s autobiography In 1961 he purchased the McDonald brothers equity in the company and began the company s worldwide reach 28 The sale cost Kroc 2 7 million a huge sum during that time 27 The San Bernardino restaurant was eventually torn down in 1971 and the site was sold to the Juan Pollo chain in 1998 This area serves as headquarters for the Juan Pollo chain and a McDonald s and Route 66 museum 29 With the expansion of McDonald s into many international markets the company has become a symbol of globalization and the spread of the American way of life Its prominence has made it a frequent topic of public debates about obesity corporate ethics and consumer responsibility ProductsMain article List of McDonald s products French fries a soft drink McSpicy Chicken Fillet and tomato ketchup packet McDonald s predominantly sells hamburgers various types of chicken chicken sandwiches French fries soft drinks breakfast items and desserts In most markets McDonald s offers salads and vegetarian items wraps and other localized fare On a seasonal basis McDonald s offers the McRib sandwich Some speculate the seasonality of the McRib adds to its appeal 30 During March of each year McDonald s offers a Shamrock Shake to honor Saint Patrick s Day 31 In addition the chain also sells some items within the United States on a regional bases for example the Hatch Green Chile Double Cheeseburger which is topped with New Mexico green chile is only available in the southwestern state of New Mexico 32 33 Products are offered as either dine in where the customer opts to eat in the restaurant or take out where the customer opts to take the food off the premises Dine in meals are provided on a plastic tray with a paper insert on the floor of the tray Take out meals are usually delivered with the contents enclosed in a distinctive McDonald s branded brown paper bag In both cases the individual items are wrapped or boxed as appropriate Since Steve Easterbrook became CEO of the company McDonald s has streamlined the menu which in the United States contained nearly 200 items The company has looked to introduce healthier options and removed high fructose corn syrup from hamburger buns The company has removed artificial preservatives from Chicken McNuggets 34 replacing chicken skin safflower oil and citric acid found in Chicken McNuggets with pea starch rice starch and powdered lemon juice 35 In September 2018 McDonald s USA announced that they no longer use artificial preservatives flavors and colors entirely from seven classic burgers sold in the U S including the hamburger cheeseburger double cheeseburger McDouble Quarter Pounder with Cheese double Quarter Pounder with Cheese and the Big Mac 36 37 Nevertheless the pickles will still be made with an artificial preservative although customers can choose to opt out of getting pickles with their burgers 38 39 In November 2020 McDonald s announced McPlant a plant based burger along with plans to develop additional meat alternative menu items that extend to chicken substitutes and breakfast sandwiches 40 41 This announcement came after the successful testing of Beyond Meat plant based meat substitutes International menu variations See also International availability of McDonald s products A Croque McDo from France McDonald s Menu are different in their countries Restaurants in several countries particularly in Asia serve soup This local deviation from the standard menu is a characteristic for which the chain is particularly known and one which is employed either to abide by regional food taboos such as the religious prohibition of beef consumption in India or to make available foods with which the regional market is more familiar such as the sale of McRice in Indonesia or Ebi prawn Burger in Singapore and Japan In Germany and some other Western European countries McDonald s sells beer In New Zealand McDonald s sells meat pies after local affiliate McDonald s New Zealand partially relaunched the Georgie Pie fast food chain it bought out in 1996 42 In Greece the signature hamburger Big Mac is changed by adding Tzatziki sauce and packaging in a pita 43 In the United States and Canada after limited trials on a regional basis McDonald s began offering in 2015 44 and 2017 45 respectively a partial breakfast menu during all hours its restaurants were open All day breakfast was phased out from menus at the start of the COVID 19 pandemic in 2020 46 RestaurantsThe examples and perspective in this section deal primarily with the United States and do not represent a worldwide view of the subject You may improve this section discuss the issue on the talk page or create a new section as appropriate November 2015 Learn how and when to remove this template message There are over 36 000 McDonald s restaurants globally Over a third of these 14 146 restaurants are in the United States alone the second highest number is in Japan with 2 975 restaurants followed by China with 2 700 These three countries make up a majority of global McDonald s stores 47 Types of restaurants Most standalone McDonald s restaurants offer both counter service and drive through service with indoor and sometimes outdoor seating 48 Drive Thru Auto Mac Pay and Drive or McDrive as it is known in many countries often has separate stations for placing paying for and picking up orders though the latter two steps are frequently combined 48 it was first introduced in Sierra Vista Arizona in 1975 49 following the lead of other fast food chains The first such restaurant in Britain opened at Fallowfield Manchester in 1986 50 In 1994 McDonald s attempted Hearth Express a prototype specializing in homestyle takeout meals Among the fare offered were meatloaf fried chicken and baked ham This experiment started with a single location in Darien Illinois but closed in only one year 51 McDrive In some countries McDrive locations near highways offer no counter service or seating 52 In contrast locations in high density city neighborhoods often omit drive through service 53 There are also a few locations mostly in downtown districts that offer a Walk Thru service in place of Drive Thru 54 McCafe Main article McCafe McCafe is a cafe style accompaniment to McDonald s restaurants The concept was created by McDonald s Australia starting with Melbourne in 1993 55 As of 2016 most McDonald s in Australia have McCafes located within the existing McDonald s restaurant In Tasmania there are McCafes in every restaurant with the rest of the states quickly following suit 48 After upgrading to the new McCafe look and feel some Australian restaurants have noticed up to a 60 percent increase in sales At the end of 2003 there were over 600 McCafes worldwide citation needed Create Your Taste restaurants From 2015 to 2016 McDonald s tried a new gourmet burger service and restaurant concept based on other gourmet restaurants such as Shake Shack and Grill d It was rolled out for the first time in Australia during the early months of 2015 and expanded to China Hong Kong Singapore Arabia and New Zealand with ongoing trials in the US market In dedicated Create Your Taste CYT kiosks customers could choose all ingredients including type of bun and meat along with optional extras CYT food was served to the table on wooden boards fries in wire baskets and salads in china bowls with metal cutlery at a higher price In November 2016 Create Your Taste was replaced by a Signature Crafted Recipes program designed to be more efficient and less expensive 56 Other McDonald s at the Itis Mall in Itakeskus Helsinki Finland Some locations are connected to gas stations and convenience stores 57 while others called McExpress have limited seating or menu or may be located in a shopping mall Other McDonald s are located in Walmart stores McStop is a location targeted at truckers and travelers which may have services found at truck stops 58 In the United Kingdom McDonald s restaurants can be found in service stations petrol stations McDrive Thru Asda Superstores and Supercenters shopping centres retail parks and high street restaurants One McDonald s Drive Thru in Crawley is located in the car park of a Sainsbury s store Other McDonald s locations named McExpress or McDonald s amp Go have limited seating and can be found more commonly in railway stations and airports In Sweden Happy Meal containers can be used as goggles 59 with the game Slope Stars 59 In the Netherlands McDonald s has introduced McTrax that doubles as a recording studio it reacts to touch 59 They can create their own beats with a synth and tweak sounds with special effects 59 On the river Elbe in Hamburg Germany is the world s only McBoat a float through service similar to drive through for people on the river 60 61 Special diet This section needs expansion with Details of other McDonald s restaurants where special dietary requirements are catered for You can help by adding to it November 2015 A kosher Express McDonald s outlet in the Malha Mall in Jerusalem The first kosher McDonald s was established in 1997 at the Abasto de Buenos Aires mall in Buenos Aires Argentina There are many kosher branches in Israel 62 63 PlayPlaces Main article McDonald s PlayPlace A McDonald s in Panorama City Los Angeles California with a Playplace designed to promote a family friendly image McDonald s playgrounds are called McDonald s PlayPlace Some McDonald s in suburban areas and certain cities feature large indoor or outdoor playgrounds The first PlayPlace with the familiar crawl tube design with ball pits and slides was introduced in 1987 in the US with many more being constructed soon after citation needed McDonald s Next McDonald s Next use open concept design and offer Create Your Taste digital ordering The concept store also offers free mobile device charging and table service after 6 00 pm The first store opened in Hong Kong in December 2015 64 2006 redesign An American McDonald s in Mount Pleasant Iowa in June 2008 this is an example of the new look of American McDonald s restaurants In 2006 McDonald s introduced its Forever Young brand by redesigning all of its restaurants the first major redesign since the 1970s 65 66 It resembles a coffee shop with wooden tables faux leather chairs and muted colors the red was muted to terracotta the yellow was shifted to golden for a more sunny look and olive and sage green were added The warmer look has less plastic and more brick and wood with modern hanging lights for a softer glow Many restaurants feature free Wi Fi and flat screen TVs Other upgrades include double drive thrus flat roofs instead of the angled red roofs and fiber glass instead of wood Instead of the familiar golden arches the restaurants feature semi swooshes half of a golden arch similar to the Nike swoosh 67 Smoking ban McDonald s began banning smoking in 1994 when it restricted customers from smoking within its 1 400 wholly owned restaurants 68 COVID 19 pandemic A curbside pickup at a McDonald s drive thru during the COVID 19 pandemic As a result of the COVID 19 pandemic McDonald s closed most seating and all play areas in its United States restaurants 69 It transitioned to drive thru and curbside orders at locations and online food ordering delivery services 70 The re opening of McDonald s restaurants for drive thru in the United Kingdom generated significant queues of traffic throughout the country 71 72 73 74 75 In July 2020 for the years s second quarter McDonald s reported earnings of 66 cents per share Compared to the same period of last year it represented a fall of 68 76 Treatment of employees A kiosk for placing orders at the Denton House McDonald s in New Hyde Park on Long Island New York Automation Since the late 1990s McDonald s has attempted to replace employees with electronic kiosks which would perform actions such as taking orders and accepting money In 1999 McDonald s first tested E Clerks in suburban Chicago Illinois and Wyoming Michigan with the devices being able to save money on live staffers and attracting larger purchase amounts than average employees 77 In 2013 the University of Oxford estimated that in the succeeding decades there was a 92 probability of food preparation and serving to become automated in fast food establishments 78 By 2016 McDonald s Create Your Taste electronic kiosks were seen in some restaurants internationally where customers could custom order meals As employees pushed for higher wages in the late 2010s some believed that fast food companies such as McDonald s would use the devices to cut costs for employing individuals 79 In September 2019 McDonald s purchased an AI based start up Apprente for replacing human servers with voice based technology in its US drive throughs 80 Wages On August 5 2013 The Guardian revealed that 90 percent of McDonald s UK workforce are on zero hour contracts making it possibly the largest such private sector employer in the country 81 In April 2017 due to employee strikes they gave all employees the option of fixed contracts instead 82 A study released by Fast Food Forward conducted by Anzalone Liszt Grove Research showed that approximately 84 percent of all fast food employees working in New York City in April 2013 had been paid less than their legal wages by their employers 83 From 2007 to 2011 fast food workers in the U S drew an average of 7 billion of public assistance annually resulting from receiving low wages 84 The McResource website advised employees to break their food into smaller pieces to feel fuller seek refunds for unopened holiday purchases sell possessions online for quick cash and to quit complaining as stress hormone levels rise by 15 percent after ten minutes of complaining 85 In December 2013 McDonald s shut down the McResource website amidst negative publicity and criticism McDonald s plans to continue an internal telephone help line through which its employees can obtain advice on work and life problems 86 Liberal think tank the Roosevelt Institute accuses some McDonald s restaurants of actually paying less than the minimum wage to entry positions due to rampant wage theft 87 In South Korea McDonald s pays part time employees 5 50 an hour and is accused of paying less with arbitrary schedule adjustments and pay delays 88 In late 2015 data collected anonymously by Glassdoor suggests that McDonald s in the United States pays entry level employees between 7 25 an hour and 11 an hour with an average of 8 69 an hour Shift managers get paid an average of 10 34 an hour Assistant managers get paid an average of 11 57 an hour 89 McDonald s CEO Steve Easterbrook earns an annual salary of 1 100 000 90 His total compensation for 2017 was 21 761 052 91 Strikes See also Fast food worker strikes Fast food workers on strike outside of a McDonald s in St Paul Minnesota McDonald s workers have on occasions decided to strike over pay with most of the employees on strike seeking to be paid 15 00 92 When interviewed about the strikes occurring former McDonald s CEO Ed Rensi stated It s cheaper to buy a 35 000 robotic arm than it is to hire an employee who s inefficient making 15 an hour bagging french fries with Rensi explaining that increasing employee wages could possibly take away from entry level jobs 93 However according to Easterbrook increasing wages and benefits for workers saw a 6 increase in customer satisfaction when comparing 2015 s first quarter data to the first quarter of 2016 with greater returns seen as a result 93 In September 2017 two British McDonald s stores agreed to a strike over zero hours contracts for staff Picket lines were formed around the two stores in Crayford and Cambridge The strike was supported by the Leader of the Opposition Jeremy Corbyn 94 95 Occupation Workers at the McDonald s franchise at Saint Barthelemy Marseille occupied the restaurant in protest against its planned closure Employing 77 people the restaurant is the second biggest private sector employer in Saint Barthelemy which has an unemployment rate of 30 percent 96 Lawyers for Kamel Guemari a shop steward at the franchise claimed an attempt was made to kill him when a car drove at him in the restaurant car park 97 98 Working conditions In March 2015 McDonald s workers in 19 U S cities filed 28 health and safety complaints with the U S Occupational Safety and Health Administration which allege that low staffing lack of protective gear poor training and pressure to work fast has resulted in injuries The complaints allege that because of a lack of first aid supplies workers were told by management to treat burn injuries with condiments such as mayonnaise and mustard 99 The Fight for 15 labor organization aided the workers in filing the complaints 100 Animal welfare standardsIn 2015 McDonald s pledged to stop using eggs from battery cage facilities by 2025 Since McDonald s purchases over 2 billion eggs per year or 4 percent of eggs produced in the United States the switch is expected to have a major impact on the egg industry and is part of a general trend toward cage free eggs driven by consumer concern over the harsh living conditions of hens 101 102 The aviary systems from which the new eggs will be sourced are troubled by much higher mortality rates as well as introducing environmental and worker safety problems 103 The high hen mortality rate which is more than double that of battery cage systems will require new research to mitigate The facilities have higher ammonia levels due to faeces being kicked up into the air Producers raised concerns about the production cost which is expected to increase by 36 percent 104 McDonald s continues to source pork from facilities that use gestation crates and in 2012 pledged to phase them out 105 106 needs update Corporate overviewFacts and figures Corporate logo used from 1960 until November 18 1968 Corporate logo used from November 18 1968 until 2003 Corporate logo used from 1993 to 2010 By 1993 McDonald s had sold more than 100 billion hamburgers so two digit signs were left at 99 billion 107 The McDonald s in Northport Alabama commemorates U S President Ronald Reagan s visit McDonald s restaurants are in 120 countries and territories and serve 68 million customers each day 108 109 McDonald s operates 37 855 restaurants worldwide employing more than 210 000 people as of the end of 2018 14 15 108 There are a total of 2 770 company owned locations and 35 085 franchised locations which includes 21 685 locations franchised to conventional franchisees 7 225 locations licensed to developmental licensees and 6 175 locations licensed to foreign affiliates 14 15 Focusing on its core brand McDonald s began divesting itself of other chains it had acquired during the 1990s The company owned a majority stake in Chipotle Mexican Grill until October 2006 when McDonald s fully divested from Chipotle through a stock exchange 110 111 Until December 2003 it owned Donatos Pizza and it owned a small share of Aroma Cafe from 1999 to 2001 On August 27 2007 McDonald s sold Boston Market to Sun Capital Partners 112 McDonald s has increased shareholder dividends for 25 consecutive years 113 making it one of the S amp P 500 Dividend Aristocrats 114 115 The company is ranked 131st on the Fortune 500 of the largest United States corporations by revenue 116 In October 2012 its monthly sales fell for the first time in nine years 117 In 2014 its quarterly sales fell for the first time in seventeen years when its sales dropped for the entirety of 1997 118 In the United States it is reported that drive throughs account for 70 percent of sales 119 120 McDonald s closed down 184 restaurants in the United States in 2015 which was 59 more than what they planned to open 121 122 This move was the first time McDonald s had a net decrease in the number of locations in the United States since 1970 122 The McDonald s on demand delivery concept which began in 2017 with a partnership with Uber Eats and added DoorDash in 2019 with select locations adding Grubhub in 2021 accounts for up to 3 of all business as of 2019 123 The 100 billion in sales generated by McDonald s company owned and franchise restaurants in 2019 accounts for almost 4 of the estimated 2 5 trillion global restaurant industry 124 Finance For the fiscal year 2018 McDonald s reported earnings of US 5 9 billion with an annual revenue of US 21 0 billion a decrease of 7 9 over the previous fiscal cycle McDonald s shares traded at over 145 per share and its market capitalization was valued at over US 134 5 billion in September 2018 Year Revenuein million US Net incomein million US Total assetsin million US Price per sharein USD Locations 125 Employees Ref 2005 19 117 2 602 29 989 31 88 126 2006 20 895 3 544 28 975 36 79 31 046 126 2007 22 787 2 395 29 392 50 98 31 377 126 2008 23 522 4 313 28 462 58 06 31 967 127 2009 22 745 4 551 30 225 57 44 32 478 385 000 128 2010 24 075 4 946 31 975 70 91 32 737 400 000 129 2011 27 006 5 503 32 990 83 97 33 510 420 000 130 2012 27 567 5 465 35 387 92 53 34 480 440 000 131 2013 28 106 5 586 36 626 97 26 35 429 440 000 132 2014 27 441 4 758 34 227 96 38 36 258 420 000 133 2015 25 413 4 529 37 939 100 28 36 525 420 000 134 2016 24 622 4 687 31 024 120 14 36 899 375 000 135 2017 22 820 5 192 33 804 148 76 37 241 235 000 136 2018 21 025 5 924 32 811 166 06 37 855 210 000 137 2019 21 077 6 025 47 511 198 27 38 695 205 000 138 2020 19 208 4 731 52 627 200 89 39 198 200 000 139 2021 23 223 7 545 53 606 234 69 40 031 200 000 140 4 Business model Ray Kroc joined the chain in 1954 and built it into a global franchise making it the most successful fast food corporation in the world The company owns all the land on which its restaurants are situated which is valued at an estimated 16 to 18 billion citation needed The company earns a significant portion of its revenue from rental payments from franchisees These rent payments rose 26 percent between 2010 and 2015 accounting for one fifth of the company s total revenue at the end of the period 141 In recent times there have been calls to spin off the company s U S holdings into a potential real estate investment trust but the company announced at its investor conference on November 10 2015 that this would not happen CEO Steve Easterbrook discussed that pursuing the REIT option would pose too large a risk to the company s business model 142 The United Kingdom and Ireland business model is different from the U S in that fewer than 30 percent of restaurants are franchised with the majority under the ownership of the company McDonald s trains its franchisees and management at Hamburger University located at its Chicago headquarters 143 144 In other countries McDonald s restaurants are operated by joint ventures of McDonald s Corporation and other local entities or governments 145 According to Fast Food Nation by Eric Schlosser 2001 nearly one in eight workers in the U S have at some time been employed by McDonald s Employees are encouraged by McDonald s Corp to maintain their health by singing along to their favorite songs in order to relieve stress attending church services in order to have a lower blood pressure and taking two vacations annually in order to reduce risk for myocardial infarction 146 Fast Food Nation states that McDonald s is the largest private operator of playgrounds in the U S as well as the single largest purchaser of beef pork potatoes and apples The selection of meats McDonald s uses varies to some extent based on the culture of the host country 147 In 2021 the company cut value meals and cheaper items from its menu as part of a focus on higher priced items 148 149 150 151 Headquarters On June 13 2016 McDonald s confirmed plans to move its global headquarters to Chicago s West Loop neighborhood in the Near West Side The 608 000 square foot structure opened on June 4 2018 and was built on the former site of Harpo Productions where The Oprah Winfrey Show and several other Harpo productions taped 8 9 The McDonald s former headquarters complex McDonald s Plaza is located in Oak Brook Illinois It sits on the site of the former headquarters and stabling area of Paul Butler the founder of Oak Brook 152 McDonald s moved into the Oak Brook facility from an office within the Chicago Loop in 1971 153 Board of directors As of February 2021 update the board of directors had the following members 154 Enrique Hernandez Jr non executive chairman president and CEO of Inter Con Security Lloyd H Dean president and CEO of Dignity Health Chris Kempczinski president and CEO of McDonald s Robert A Eckert operating partner of Friedman Fleischer amp Lowe Margo Georgiadis CEO of Ancestry com Richard H Lenny non executive of Conagra Brands John J Mulligan executive vice president and COO of Target Corporation Sheila A Penrose non executive chairman of Jones Lang LaSalle John W Rogers Jr chairman and CEO of Ariel Investments Miles D White chairman and CEO of Abbott Laboratories Andrew J McKenna chairman emeritus Also chairman emeritus of Schwarz Supply Source Catherine M Engelbert commissioner of the Women s National Basketball Association Paul S Walsh executive chairman of McLaren GroupOn March 1 2015 after being chief brand officer of McDonald s and its former head in the UK and northern Europe Steve Easterbrook became CEO succeeding Don Thompson who stepped down on January 28 2015 citation needed In November 2019 McDonald s board of directors voted to remove Easterbrook as CEO since he had violated corporate policies on personal conduct by entering into a relationship with a company employee 155 He was replaced as CEO by Chris Kempczinski who had been president of McDonald s USA 156 In August 2022 McDonald s announced significant changes to its board It said that existing director Sheila Penrose chair of JLL Inc would retire and that Anthony Capuano CEO of Marriott International executive vice president and worldwide chairman of pharmaceuticals Jennifer Taubert of Johnson amp Johnson and Amy Weaver president and CFO of Salesforce would join The changes were unrelated to an effort by activist investor Carl Icahn 157 158 159 Global operations See also List of countries with McDonald s restaurants and International availability of McDonald s products Countries with McDonald s restaurants showing their first year with its first restaurant McDonald s has become emblematic of globalization sometimes referred to as the McDonaldization of society The Economist newspaper uses the Big Mac Index the comparison of the cost of a Big Mac in various world currencies can be used to informally judge these currencies purchasing power parity Switzerland has the most expensive Big Mac in the world as of July 2015 while the country with the least expensive Big Mac is India 160 161 albeit for a Maharaja Mac the next cheapest Big Mac is Hong Kong 162 The northernmost McDonald s restaurant in the world is located in Rovaniemi Finland after the restaurant in Murmansk Russia was closed in 2022 163 and the southernmost in the world is located in Invercargill New Zealand 164 non primary source needed Thomas Friedman said that no country with a McDonald s had gone to war with another 165 166 however the Golden Arches Theory of Conflict Prevention is incorrect Exceptions are the 1989 United States invasion of Panama NATO s bombing of Serbia in 1999 the 2006 Lebanon War and the 2008 South Ossetia war McDonald s suspended operations in its corporate owned stores in Crimea after Russia annexed the region in 2014 167 On August 20 2014 as tensions between the United States and Russia strained over the Russian annexation of Crimea and the resultant U S sanctions the Russian government temporarily shut down four McDonald s outlets in Moscow citing sanitary concerns The company has operated in Russia since 1990 and at August 2014 had 438 stores across the country 168 On August 23 2014 Russian Deputy Prime Minister Arkady Dvorkovich ruled out any government move to ban McDonald s and dismissed the notion that the temporary closures had anything to do with the sanctions 169 Some observers have suggested that the company should be given credit for increasing the standard of service in markets that it enters A group of anthropologists in a study entitled Golden Arches East 170 looked at the impact McDonald s had on East Asia and Hong Kong in particular When it opened in Hong Kong in 1975 McDonald s was the first restaurant to consistently offer clean restrooms driving customers to demand the same of other restaurants and institutions McDonald s has taken to partnering up with Sinopec the second largest oil company in the People s Republic of China as it takes advantage of the country s growing use of personal vehicles by opening numerous drive thru restaurants 171 McDonald s has opened a McDonald s restaurant and McCafe on the underground premises of the French fine arts museum The Louvre 172 The company stated it would open vegetarian only restaurants in India by mid 2013 173 needs update On January 9 2017 80 of the franchise rights in mainland China and in Hong Kong were sold for US 2 08 billion to a consortium of CITIC Limited for 32 and private equity funds managed by CITIC Capital for 20 and Carlyle for 20 which CITIC Limited and CITIC Capital would form a joint venture to own the stake 174 On March 8 2022 McDonald s temporarily closed their 850 locations in Russia due to the invasion of Ukraine but will continue to pay the salary for 62 000 employees Approximately nine percent of global revenue and three percent of operating profit come from Russia and 100 locations in Ukraine 175 176 177 On May 16 2022 McDonald s announced that the closures would become permanent and that it was selling all its 850 stores in Russia Furthermore 32 years after McDonald s entered the Soviet market the American giant wants its current business to be de Arched the company plans to retain its trademarks in Russia meaning the locations would no longer be allowed to use the McDonald s name logo or menu McDonald s also said it would continue to pay its Russian employees until the sale is finalized The company has more than 60 000 Russian employees 178 179 180 181 182 On June 10 2022 a Russian McDonald s buyer announced a new logo as an attempt at rebranding It featured one circle and two lines which represented a burger and two french fries 183 The business was rebranded as Vkusno i tochka which roughly translates to Tasty Period 184 185 186 McDonald s is to reopen its stores in Ukraine after closing them in February in non contested areas like Kyiv and Western Ukraine During the closure McDonald s has continued to pay its employees number some 10 000 Originally some 109 restaurants it is unclear how many will reopen 187 On November 11 2022 McDonald s in Belarus announced that all 25 stores in 6 cities will rebrand and operate as Vkusno i tochka in several weeks 188 McDonald s restaurants Orlando Florida United States Markham Ontario Canada Pop up restaurant at the Olympic Park in London United Kingdom Sao Paulo Brazil Lugano Switzerland Tallinn Estonia Sargodha Pakistan Tampere Finland Paris France Dubai UAE Kosher McDonald s in Ashkelon Israel Busan South Korea Tokyo Japan Nanjing China SM Mall of Asia Pasay Philippines Vilnius Lithuania Sydney AustraliaMarketing and advertisingMain article McDonald s advertising McDonald s has for decades maintained an extensive advertising campaign In addition to the usual media television radio and newspaper the company makes significant use of billboards and signage and also sponsors sporting events ranging from Little League to the FIFA World Cup and Olympic Games 189 Television has played a central role in the company s advertising strategy 190 To date McDonald s has used 23 different slogans in United States advertising as well as a few other slogans for select countries and regions 191 Children s advertising Main articles Ronald McDonald and McDonaldland Celebrity endorsements In 1992 basketball player Michael Jordan became the first celebrity to have a McDonald s value meal named after him The McJordan a Quarter Pounder with pickles raw onion slices bacon and barbecue sauce was available at Chicago franchises 192 In March 2014 a special Sprite 6 Mix by LeBron James flavor of Sprite featuring the flavors of lemon lime orange and cherry debuted just before the NBA playoffs 193 James endorsement of Sprite has also included the seasonal cranberry and winter spiced cranberry editions of the beverage James deal with Coca Cola and Sprite ended in 2020 with a new partnership with Pepsi and Mountain Dew launching in 2021 194 In September 2020 McDonald s partnered with rapper Travis Scott to release the Travis Scott Meal a Quarter Pounder with cheese bacon lettuce pickles ketchup and mustard medium fries with barbecue sauce and a Sprite nationwide Scott designed new uniforms for McDonald s employees and released Cactus Jack merchandise using vintage visuals from the fast food chain s history 195 The company followed up with the J Balvin Meal a Big Mac with no pickles fries with ketchup and an Oreo McFlurry in a partnership with reggaeton singer J Balvin 196 LeBron James has been a spokesman for McDonald s from 2003 to 2017 197 while co endorsing Coca Cola Sprite since early in his career 198 In 2021 McDonald s partnered with Korean boy group BTS to release the BTS Meal in 50 countries around the world starting on May 26 in select countries The meal consists of a 10 piece Chicken McNuggets medium fries medium Coke and for the first time in the United States two spicy dipping sauces Sweet Chili and Cajun 199 Space exploration McDonald s and NASA explored an advertising agreement for a planned mission to the asteroid 449 Hamburga however the spacecraft was eventually cancelled 200 Sponsorship in NASCAR The McDonald s sponsored car of Jamie McMurray in 2016 Bubba Wallace in a McDonald s sponsored racing suit in 2022 McDonald s entered the NASCAR Cup Series in 1977 sponsoring Richard Childress for one race Between the years 1977 and 1986 McDonald s would only sponsor a handful of races in a season In 1993 McDonald s became the full time sponsor for the No 27 Junior Johnson amp Associates Ford driven by Hut Stricklin 201 In 1994 Stricklin was replaced in the car by Jimmy Spencer who would go on to win twice that season The following season McDonald s would move over to the No 94 Bill Elliott Racing Ford driven by team owner Bill Elliott 202 McDonald s stayed with Elliott until the 2001 season when they moved again this time to the No 96 PPI Motorsports Ford driven by rookie Andy Houston However when the team failed to field a car for the entire season McDonald s became absent from NASCAR until 2004 when it joined Evernham Motorsports as a part time sponsor for drivers Elliott Kasey Kahne Elliott Sadler A J Allmendinger and Reed Sorenson until 2010 201 During the 2010 season McDonald s would enter its longest partnership with a team at Chip Ganassi Racing sponsoring the No 1 Chevrolet driven by Jamie McMurray until his final race in the 2019 Daytona 500 203 204 McDonald s moved to CGR s No 42 of Kyle Larson whom the company sponsored until his suspension in 2020 205 and also had a one race partnership with Richard Petty Motorsports No 43 Chevrolet driven by Bubba Wallace in 2019 and 2020 206 207 McDonald s continued working with the No 42 under new driver Ross Chastain in 2021 and also joined Wallace s new team 23XI Racing as a founding partner 208 209 Sports awards and honors See also Category McDonald s High School All Americans McDonald s is the title sponsor of the McDonald s All American Game all star basketball games played each year for top ranked amateur American and Canadian boys and girls high school basketball graduates CharitySee also Ronald McDonald House Charities McHappy Day A Ronald McDonald House collection box in Framingham Massachusetts McHappy Day is an annual event at McDonald s during which a percentage of the day s sales go to charity It is the signature fundraising event for Ronald McDonald House Charities 210 In 2007 it was celebrated in 17 countries Argentina Australia Austria Brazil Canada England Finland France Guatemala Hungary Ireland New Zealand Norway Sweden Switzerland the United States and Uruguay According to the Australian McHappy Day website McHappy Day raised 20 4 million in 2009 The goal for 2010 was 20 8 million 211 McDonald s Monopoly donation In 1995 St Jude Children s Research Hospital received an anonymous letter postmarked in Dallas Texas containing a 1 million winning McDonald s Monopoly game piece McDonald s officials came to the hospital accompanied by a representative from the accounting firm Arthur Andersen who examined the card under a jeweler s eyepiece handled it with plastic gloves and verified it as a winner 212 Although game rules prohibited the transfer of prizes McDonald s waived the rule and made the annual 50 000 annuity payments for the full 20 year period through 2014 even after learning that the piece was sent by an individual involved in an embezzlement scheme intended to defraud McDonald s McRefugee See also McRefugee McRefugees are poor people in Hong Kong Japan and China who use McDonald s 24 hour restaurants as a temporary hostel 213 CriticismMain article Criticism of McDonald s McDonald s has been criticised for numerous aspects of its business including the health effects of its products its treatment of employees and other business practices In the late 1980s Phil Sokolof a millionaire businessman who had suffered a heart attack at the age of 43 took out full page newspaper ads in New York Chicago and other large cities accusing McDonald s menu of being a threat to American health and asking them to stop using beef tallow to cook their french fries 214 In 1990 activists from a small group known as London Greenpeace no connection to the international group Greenpeace distributed leaflets entitled What s wrong with McDonald s criticizing its environmental health and labor record The corporation wrote to the group demanding they desist and apologize and when two of the activists refused to back down sued them for libel leading to the McLibel case one of the longest cases in English civil law A documentary film of the McLibel Trial has been shown in several countries 215 In 2001 Eric Schlosser s book Fast Food Nation included criticism of the business practices of McDonald s particularly with respect to its use of political influence and targeting advertisements to children 216 In 2002 vegetarian groups largely Hindu and Buddhist successfully sued McDonald s for misrepresenting its french fries as vegetarian when they contained beef broth 217 Critical terms such as McJob and McMansion have been added to dictionaries 218 219 220 Morgan Spurlock s 2004 documentary film Super Size Me claimed that McDonald s food was contributing to the increase of obesity in society and that the company was failing to provide nutritional information about its food for its customers Six weeks after the film premiered McDonald s announced that it was eliminating the super size option and was creating the adult Happy Meal Studies of litter have found that McDonald s is one of the most littered brands worldwide In 2012 a Keep Australia Beautiful study found that McDonald s was the most littered brand in Queensland 221 222 In response to public pressure McDonald s has sought to include more healthy choices in its menu announcing in May 2008 that in the United States and Canada it has switched to using cooking oil that contains no trans fats for its french fries and canola based oil with corn and soy oils for its baked items pies and cookies by end of 2018 223 The company introduced a new slogan to its recruitment posters Not bad for a McJob 224 Since McDonald s began receiving criticism for its environmental practices in the 1970s it has significantly reduced its use of materials 225 In 1990 McDonald s worked with the Environmental Defense Fund to stop using clam shell shaped styrofoam food containers to store its food products 226 Legal cases Main article McDonald s legal cases McDonald s has been involved in a number of lawsuits and other legal cases most of which involved trademark disputes The company has threatened many food businesses with legal action unless it drops the Mc or Mac from trading names European Union In April 2017 Irish fast food chain Supermac s submitted a request to the European Union Property Office to cancel McDonald s owned trademarks within the European Union claiming that McDonald s engaged in trademark bullying registering brand names which are simply stored away in a war chest to use against future competitors after the trademarks had prevented Supermac s from expanding out of Ireland The EUIPO ruled in Supermac s favour finding that McDonald s has not proven genuine use of many trademarks cancelling McDonald s owned trademarks such as Big Mac and certain Mc related trademarks within the European Union 227 228 229 Burger King responded by trolling McDonald s by giving their sandwiches names that included the words Big Mac that also mocked the original burger which included Like a Big Mac But Juicier Like a Big Mac But Actually Big and Big Mac ish But Flame Grilled of Course 230 The McDonald s group has had proceedings taken against it from the French Tax Authorities with possible charges of criminal tax fraud In July 2022 the group reached an agreement with the French judicial authorities to end criminal proceedings for tax fraud 231 Malaysia On September 8 2009 McDonald s Malaysian operations lost a lawsuit to prevent another restaurant calling itself McCurry McDonald s lost in an appeal to Malaysia s highest court the Federal Court 232 On December 29 2016 McDonald s Malaysia issued a statement that said only certified halal cakes are allowed inside its restaurants nationwide 233 Australia In April 2007 in Perth Western Australia McDonald s pleaded guilty to five charges relating to the employment of children under 15 in one of its outlets and was fined A 8 000 234 United Kingdom The longest running legal action of all time in the UK was the McLibel case against two defendants who criticized a number of aspects of the company The trial lasted 10 years and called 130 witnesses The European Court of Human Rights deemed that the unequal resources of the litigants breached the defendants rights to freedom of speech and biased the trial The result was widely seen as a PR disaster for McDonald s 235 In the end of November 2013 controversy arose after the Rucka Rucka Ali song Only 17 a parody of Just a Dream by Nelly was accidentally played uncensored over the speakers at a McDonald s restaurant in Wales 236 237 Subsequently McDonald s issued an apology to the offended customers 238 That same week Rucka Rucka Ali responded to the controversy on his YouTube channel by jokingly demanding a personal apology from the restaurant 239 United States The 1994 court case Liebeck v McDonald s Restaurants examined a McDonald s practice of serving coffee so hot that when spilled it caused third degree burns requiring weeks of hospitalization and skin grafting surgery 240 241 The trial outcome was an award of 2 86 million equivalent to 4 62 million in 2020 242 for the plaintiff 81 year old Stella Liebeck 240 241 The amount was later reduced to 640 000 equivalent to 1 million in 2020 In 2019 a McDonald s employee Jenna Ries sued the restaurant chain over allowing sexual harassment in the work place and described the working environment as toxic 243 See alsoArcos Dorados Holdings The Founder a 2016 a biopic of Ray Kroc and the business history of McDonald s International availability of McDonald s products List of countries with McDonald s restaurants List of hamburger restaurants List of largest employers List of fast food restaurant chains MaDonal a restaurant in Iraq that copies many features of McDonald s Maxime McDuff amp McDo 2002 documentary film about the unionizing of a McDonald s in Montreal Sundae Bloody Sundae slogan a public relations controversy in Portugal McMillions a 2020 HBO documentary miniseries about the McDonald s Monopoly promotion scam that occurred between 1989 and 2001References Purdy Chase April 25 2017 McDonald s isn t just a fast food chain it s a brilliant 30 billion real estate company Quartz Retrieved November 23 2021 Maze Jonathan February 26 2015 Why McDonald s won t ever get rid of its real estate Nation s Restaurant News Retrieved November 23 2021 Bomkamp Samantha June 13 2016 Mcdonald s HQ Move Is Boldest Step Yet in Effort to Transform Itself Chicago Tribune Retrieved May 1 2017 a b c d e f g h 2021 Annual Report PDF McDonald s IR February 24 2022 pp 3 8 13 14 16 17 18 30 43 44 48 55 Retrieved July 18 2022 Enrique Hernandez Jr McDonalds com MCDONALDS CORP 10 K February 22 2019 Retrieved April 17 2020 McDonald s Corporation 2017 Annual Report Form 10 K PDF United States Securities and Exchange Commission February 23 2018 Retrieved August 21 2018 a b McDonald s future Near West Side neighbors air parking traffic safety beefs Chicago Tribune Retrieved August 7 2016 a b Hufford Austen June 14 2016 McDonald s to Move Headquarters to Downtown Chicago The Wall Street Journal Retrieved August 7 2016 McDonald s Headquarters Opening in West Loop Offers Food From Around The World April 24 2018 Retrieved April 25 2018 via CBS Chicago McDonald s Opens New Global Headquarters in Chicago s West Loop July 4 2018 Retrieved July 5 2018 McDonald s Is King Of Restaurants In 2017 pg 1 Forbes Retrieved December 12 2017 McDonald s 60 years billions served Chicago Tribune Retrieved July 30 2017 a b c MCDONALDS CORP 10 K filed on 2 22 2019 Archived from the original on March 29 2019 a b c Data PDF d18rn0p25nwr6d cloudfront net Archived PDF from the original on March 12 2017 Channer Jack September 11 2017 The 10 Most Popular McDonald s Menu Items of All Time Archived from the original on August 30 2022 The world s 30 largest employers will surprise you www msn com June 29 2018 Retrieved March 29 2019 The World s Largest Employers WorldAtlas February 15 2018 Retrieved March 29 2019 BrandZ Global Top 100 Most Valuable Brands BrandZ December 11 2022 Robbins John October 8 2010 How Bad Is McDonald s Food HuffPost Behind the Arches How McDonald s Fails to Protect Workers From Workplace Violence National Employment Law Project Retrieved September 29 2022 Bhandari Arabinda 2013 Strategic management A Conceptual Framework New Delhi Tata McGraw Hill Education p 148 ISBN 978 1 259 02640 9 Skrabec Quentin R 2012 The 100 Most Significant Events in American Business An Encyclopedia Santa Barbara CA ABC CLIO p 206 ISBN 978 0 313 39862 9 Dotz Warren Morton Jim 1996 What a Character 20th Century American Advertising Icons Chronicle Books pp 27 28 ISBN 0 8118 0936 6 The McDonalds and Their Restaurant referenceforbusiness com Retrieved January 16 2017 In 1962 McDonald s golden arches replaced Speedee as the restaurant s main symbol and ads told customers to Look for the golden arches Kroc believed in advertising heavily and in targeting children In 1965 the company introduced a new mascot a red haired clown named Ronald McDonald who became a frequent and friendly face in television commercials Wagner III John Hollenbeck John R 2020 Organizational Behavior Securing Competitive Advantage Routledge ISBN 978 1 000 33490 6 a b Smith Andrew F 2009 Eating History 30 Turning Points in the Making of American Cuisine New York Columbia University Press p 224 ISBN 978 0 231 14092 8 Ray Kroc Entrepreneur October 9 2008 Retrieved May 29 2019 McDonalds Museum Juan Pollo Archived from the original on March 10 2012 Retrieved May 14 2012 Fanatics Preach Fast Food Evangelism Fox News Channel July 23 2011 Archived from the original on March 28 2012 Retrieved August 3 2011 Dand Khyati January 10 2022 This Is The Exact Date McDonald s Shamrock Shake Returns In 2022 Mashed com Retrieved September 5 2022 Cheeseburger Green Chile Double McDonalds Retrieved March 10 2022 Smith Michelle July 4 2019 10 Awesome McDonald s Foods You Can Only Get In America The Travler Retrieved March 10 2022 McDonald s is going for healthier fare and greater digitisation The Economist January 28 2017 ISSN 0013 0613 Retrieved February 5 2017 McDonald s to remove corn syrup from buns curbs antibiotics in chicken Reuters August 1 2016 McDonald s says classic burgers no longer have artificial ingredients Free Malaysia Today September 28 2018 Retrieved October 1 2018 McDonald s Removing Artificial Preservatives From 7 Classic Burgers Retrieved October 1 2018 McDonald s says classic burgers no longer have artificial ingredients AFP com Archived from the original on September 28 2018 Retrieved October 1 2018 McDonald s makes move to ditch artificial preservatives colours and flavours NewsComAu Retrieved October 1 2018 Garcia Tonya McDonald s to launch its 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with the Most McDonald s Locations Archived from the original on January 26 2021 Retrieved May 2 2019 a b c Mohapatra Sanjay 2012 Information Strategy Design and Practices Google Books Springer Science amp Business Media p 301 ISBN 978 1 4614 2427 7 Craven Scott August 29 2016 AZ Central You won t believe where McDonald s opened its first drive thru News Article McDonald s Restaurants Caterersearch com Archived from the original on July 16 2011 Retrieved July 23 2011 Hearth Express Closed Supermarket News July 31 1995 McDrive il fast food comodo facile e veloce McDonald s Italia in Italian Retrieved June 6 2016 McDonald s vs Newk s Franchise Cost Comparison and Analysis thefranchisemall com Retrieved June 6 2016 Duca Lauren April 10 2016 This McDonald s has a Walk Thru Teen Vogue Retrieved June 6 2016 McDonald s Australia mcdonalds com au Retrieved June 6 2016 Kieler Ashlee November 3 2016 McDonald s Ends Create Your Taste Customized Burger Program Consumerist Retrieved December 18 2016 McDonald s and BP test combined operations McDonald s Restaurants BP Oil Co Archived from the original on January 18 2012 McDonald s serves up MCSTOP Its restaurant for big crowds August 16 1984 Archived from the original on July 11 2012 a b c d Restaurants going high tech Yahoo Tech June 14 2016 Retrieved June 14 2016 The world s only float through McDonalds archived from the original on December 21 2021 retrieved October 14 2021 Quinn Dave October 13 2021 McDonald s Has a Riverside Restaurant with a Float Thru Window people com Retrieved October 14 2021 El unico Mc Donald s kosher del mundo fuera de Israel es certificado por Ajdut Kosher Archived June 1 2012 at the Wayback Machine Spanish and English Last consulted May 22 2011 Buenos Aires Restaurants Kosher McDonald s The New York Times Archived from the original on March 3 2009 Retrieved July 23 2011 Big Mac with a side of quinoa Inside the world s first McDonald s Next CNN Retrieved August 9 2016 McDonald s wants a digital 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somersetlive Harrison Claire June 4 2020 Police warning to drivers after dangerous queues at McDonald s coventrytelegraph Haddon Heather July 28 2020 Coronavirus Pandemic Squeezes McDonald s Profit The Wall Street Journal Retrieved July 28 2020 Gibson Richard August 12 1999 Want Fries With That Ask McDonald s New E Clerks The Wall Street Journal O Toole James May 22 2014 Robots will replace fast food workers CNN Retrieved August 18 2016 Johnson Hollis May 16 2016 Fast food workers are becoming obsolete Business Insider Retrieved August 18 2016 McDonald s uses AI for ordering at drive throughs BBC News September 11 2019 Neville Simon August 25 2008 McDonald s ties nine out of 10 workers to zero hours contracts The Guardian London Retrieved August 10 2013 FAQS McDonald s UK www mcdonalds com Retrieved February 18 2020 Anzalone Liszt Grove Research and Fast Food Foreward New York s Hidden Crime Wave Wage Theft and New York City s Fast Food Workers Maclay Kathleen Fast Food Poverty Wages The Public Cost of Low wage jobs in the Fast Food Industry University of California Labor Center October 15 2013 Susanna Kim November 21 2013 McDonald s Defends Telling Workers to Quit Complaining to Reduce Stress ABC News Retrieved November 21 2013 McDonald s Closes Employee Website Amid Criticism DailyDigest Associated Press December 26 2013 Archived from the original on December 28 2013 Retrieved December 26 2013 Goldberg Harmony How McDonald s gets away with rampant wage theft Salon April 6 2015 Retrieved May 22 2015 Tae hoon Lee August 16 2015 McDonald s lures customers with illegal ads on Independence Day The Korea Observer Retrieved August 17 2015 McDonald s Hourly Pay Glassdoor Retrieved December 1 2015 Beckerman Josh McDonald s New CEO Gets 69 Pay Raise Wall Street Journal March 3 2015 Retrieved May 22 2015 Sherman Erik July 12 2018 How Many Workers Must Live In Poverty For McDonald s CEO To Make 21 8 Million Forbes Retrieved July 18 2018 Bruce Horovitz and Yamiche Alcindor April 15 2015 Fast food strikes widen into social justice movement USA Today Retrieved May 22 2015 a b Taylor Kate May 25 2016 McDonald s ex CEO just revealed a terrifying reality for fast food workers Business Insider Retrieved August 18 2016 McDonald s faces strike for first time in UK as workers take action over pay and zero hour contracts The Independent September 4 2017 Archived from the original on May 12 2022 Retrieved September 4 2017 McDonald s workers to go on strike in Britain for first time The Guardian September 4 2017 Retrieved September 4 2017 Chazan David September 1 2019 Marseille fights to stop McDonald s from closing in rare French support for American fast food giant The Telegraph Archived from the original on January 10 2022 Retrieved September 3 2019 Lawyers claim attempted murder of McDonald s trade unionist in France Morning Star August 31 2019 Retrieved September 3 2019 Marseille Kamel Guemari porte plainte pour tentative de meurtre La Marsaillaise in French August 31 2019 Retrieved September 3 2019 Fast food chains tell workers to treat burns with mustard ketchup and mayo Mother Jones Retrieved November 14 2017 Jana Kasperkevic March 16 2015 McDonald s workers told to treat burns with condiments survey shows The Guardian Retrieved March 17 2015 Owen Tess September 10 2015 McDonald s Is Switching to Cage Free Eggs at a Delicate Moment for the Poultry Industry VICE News Retrieved August 4 2016 The Insanely Complicated Logistics of Cage Free Eggs for All Wired Retrieved August 4 2016 Gelles David July 16 2016 Eggs That Clear the Cages but Maybe Not the Conscience The New York Times Retrieved August 4 2016 Kesmodel David March 18 2015 Cage Free Hens Study Finds Little Difference in Egg Quality The Wall Street Journal Retrieved August 4 2016 Strom Stephanie February 13 2012 McDonald s Set to Phase Out Suppliers Use of Sow Crates The New York Times Retrieved August 4 2016 Carl Icahn Pushes McDonald s to Change Way It Sources Its Pork The New York Times February 20 2022 Luna Nelson September 8 2019 Goodbye golden arches Columbia to redevelop McDonald s property as part of Manhattanville expansion Columbia Daily Spectator Retrieved August 14 2020 a b McDonald s The Leading Global Food Service Retailer AboutMcDonalds com Retrieved May 8 2008 McDonald s Momentum Delivers Another Year of Strong Results for 2011 Yahoo Finance January 24 2012 Archived from the original on March 18 2012 Retrieved January 25 2012 Brand Rachel December 23 2006 Chipotle founder had big dreams Rocky Mountain News Archived from the original on July 8 2009 Retrieved April 27 2012 McDonald s sets October deadline to sell Chipotle stock Denver Business Journal July 25 2006 Retrieved August 10 2009 McDonald s Wraps Up Boston Market Sale Dow Jones amp Company Inc News Services August 27 2007 Archived from the original on September 28 2007 Retrieved August 28 2007 Baertlein Lisa September 24 2009 McDonald s raises cash dividend by 10 Reuters Retrieved August 27 2010 Definition of S amp P 500 Aristocrat at Investopedia Investopedia com Retrieved August 27 2010 List of 2009 Dividend Aristocrats via Seeking Alpha Retrieved 10 1 2009 Seekingalpha Seekingalpha com December 23 2008 Retrieved August 27 2010 McDonald s Fortune Retrieved November 18 2018 Tiffany Hsu November 9 2012 McDonald s monthly sales fall for first time in nine years Los Angeles Times Retrieved March 9 2013 Wong Venessa January 7 2015 McDonald s New Turnaround Plan Is So 1990s www bloomberg com Baertlein Lisa March 14 2017 McDonald s late to mobile ordering seeks to avoid pitfalls Reuters Retrieved March 15 2017 Patton Leslie November 23 2015 McDonald s Knows You re Sick of Screw Ups at Drive Thru Windows Bloomberg Retrieved March 15 2017 Ferdman Roberto A August 13 2015 This is a terrible sign for McDonald s The Washington Post a b McDonald s to Cut U S Stores for First Time in Decades The New York Times Associated Press June 18 2015 Lucas Amelia July 16 2019 McDonald s adds DoorDash as new delivery partner ending exclusivity with UberEats CNBC Hottovy RJ August 11 2020 Value Access and Franchisee Health Position McDonald s for Postpandemic Growth Morningstar com Retrieved August 18 2020 McDonald s Entwicklung der Anzahl der Restaurants bis 2017 Statistik Statista in German Retrieved November 18 2018 a b c 2007 Annual Report PDF Retrieved March 16 2021 2008 Annual Report PDF Retrieved March 16 2021 2009 Annual Report PDF Retrieved March 16 2021 2010 Annual Report PDF Retrieved March 16 2021 2011 Annual Report PDF Retrieved March 16 2021 2012 Annual Report PDF Retrieved March 16 2021 2013 Annual Report PDF Retrieved March 16 2021 2014 Annual Report PDF Retrieved March 16 2021 2015 Annual Report PDF Retrieved March 16 2021 2016 Annual Report PDF Retrieved March 16 2021 2017 Annual Report PDF Retrieved March 16 2021 2018 Annual Report PDF Retrieved March 16 2021 2019 Annual Report PDF Retrieved August 18 2020 2020 Annual Report PDF McDonald s Reports Fourth Quarter and Full Year 2021 Results corporate mcdonalds com Retrieved March 22 2022 Lublin Joann S Jargon Julie October 15 2015 McDonald s Nears Decision on Real Estate Wall Street Journal Retrieved October 22 2015 Jargon Julie McDonald s Won t Spin Off Real Estate Holdings The Wall Street Journal ISSN 0099 9660 Retrieved November 11 2015 Hamburger University Campus mcdonalds com Retrieved January 18 2017 Our Facility corporate mcdonalds com Archived from the original on September 2 2016 McDonald s Business Model and Strategy McDonald s corporate mcdonalds com Retrieved January 24 2017 Eidelson Josh November 19 2013 McDonald s tells workers to sing away stress chew away cares and go to church Salon Retrieved August 21 2014 These and other tips appear on a McResource Line website created by the McDonald s Corp to advise workers on stress health and personal finances Among the tips that appear on the site Chewing gum can reduce cortisol levels by 16 At least two vacations a year can cut heart attack risk by 50 Singing along to your favorite songs can lower your blood pressure and People who attend more church services tend to have lower blood pressure Schlosser Eric Fast Food Nation Dean Grace Fast food giants cut value meals and cheaper items during the pandemic and some like Wendy s and McDonald s are now pushing luxury burgers and pricier family combos instead Business Insider Retrieved April 11 2022 Russ Hilary June 22 2021 U S fast food chains cut discounts push pricy meals post pandemic Reuters Retrieved April 11 2022 Fast Food Restaurants Cut Value Menu Items Push Meal Combos Post Pandemic GOBankingRates June 23 2021 Retrieved April 11 2022 McDonald s Quietly Removes Happy Meals from Value Menu QSR magazine Retrieved April 11 2022 Steele Jeffrey Oak Brook history in caring hands society president is part of village s changing heritage Chicago Tribune July 29 1998 Page 88 Retrieved September 17 2009 Cross Robert Inside Hamburger Central Archived August 16 2017 at the Wayback Machine Chicago Tribune January 9 1972 G18 Retrieved September 17 2009 Board of Directors McDonald s Retrieved February 22 2021 Haddon Heather November 4 2019 McDonald s Fires CEO Steve Easterbrook Over Relationship With Employee Wall Street Journal McDonald s CEO steps down after relationship with employee Evening Express November 3 2019 Retrieved November 3 2019 Hirsch Lauren August 22 2022 Under Pressure McDonald s Shakes Up Its Board The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved August 22 2022 Sheila Penrose to leave McDonald s board UPI Retrieved August 22 2022 Sheila Penrose Awesome www awesomeleaders org Retrieved August 22 2022 India s 50 most trusted brands Rediff com January 20 2011 The Big Mac index The Economist October 7 2015 The Big Mac index Currency comparisons to go The Economist July 28 2011 Retrieved July 28 2011 Until we meet again McDonald s tells Russia as it exits the country for good DailyO Invercargill The World s Southernmost Invercargill Holiday Park and Motels Friedman Thomas L December 8 1996 Foreign Affairs Big Mac I The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved January 24 2017 The Lexus and the Olive Tree Thomaslfriedman com Retrieved July 23 2011 McDonald s quits Crimea due to fears of trade clash INA Daily News Archived from the original on January 12 2016 Retrieved April 5 2014 Russia Shuts 4 McDonald s Restaurants Amid Ukraine Tensions Moscow News Net August 20 2014 Retrieved August 21 2014 Russian Deputy PM says McDonalds is not being targeted in response to sanctions Russia Herald August 23 2014 Retrieved August 23 2014 Stanford University Press 1998 edited by James L Watson McDonald s deal with oil company marries China s new love of fast food cars Archived from the original on March 25 2007 Samuel Henry October 4 2009 McDonald s restaurants to open at the Louvre The Daily Telegraph London Archived from the original on January 10 2022 Gasparro Annie Jargon Julie September 5 2012 McDonald s to Go Vegetarian in India The Wall Street Journal p B7 Voluntary Announcement Acquisition of a Controlling Interest in Mcdonald s Mainland China and Hong Kong Businesses PDF CITIC Limited Hong Kong Stock Exchange January 9 2017 Archived PDF from the original on January 16 2017 Retrieved January 13 2017 Patton Leslie March 8 2022 McDonald s to Shutter 850 Russia Stores After Backlash Bloomberg News Retrieved March 9 2022 Harris Sophia March 8 2022 McDonald s Starbucks Coke Pepsi join companies suspending business in Russia CBC News Toronto ON Canadian Broadcasting Corporation Retrieved March 8 2022 McDonald s Coca Cola and Starbucks halt Russian sales BBC News London UK British Broadcasting Corporation March 8 2022 Retrieved March 8 2022 McDonald s to sell its business in Russia after 30 years theguardian May 16 2022 Retrieved May 16 2022 After 32 years McDonald s plans to sell its Russia business The New York Times May 16 2022 Retrieved May 16 2022 McDonald s to leave Russia for good after 30 years BBC News May 16 2022 Retrieved May 16 2022 McDonald s says it will sell its Russia business after previously pausing operations due to Ukraine war cnbc News May 16 2022 Retrieved May 16 2022 McDonald s is leaving Russia altogether cnn News May 16 2022 Retrieved May 16 2022 Russia s new version of McDonald s unveils logo BBC News June 10 2022 Retrieved June 10 2022 Tasty name but no Big Mac Russia reopens rebranded McDonald s restaurants Reuters June 12 2022 Russia unveils tasty McDonald s substitute BBC News June 12 2022 Retrieved June 12 2022 Stars Coffee anyone Old Starbucks stores reopen in Russia with imitation branding and menu ABC News August 20 2022 Retrieved August 23 2022 Big Mac s comeback McDonald s to reopen in Ukraine AP August 11 2022 Retrieved August 12 2022 Makdonalds v Belarusi budet rabotat pod rossijskim brendom Vkusno i tochka officelife media in Russian November 11 2022 Retrieved November 11 2022 McDonald s renews as FIFA World Cup Sponsor until 2014 FIFA Retrieved October 24 2014 Smith Andrew F 2012 Fast Food and Junk Food An Encyclopedia of What We Love to Eat Volume 1 ABC CLIO p 175 McDonald s slogans used around the world past and present Archived from the original on January 26 2013 Retrieved June 23 2015 Remembering Michael Jordan s Landmark McDonald s Deal Sports Retrieved November 12 2020 Sprite and LeBron James Create Limited Edition Flavor Press Release www coca colacompany com LeBron James leaving Coke after almost 18 years to sign endorsement deal with Pepsi per reports CBS Sports Ju Shirley September 9 2020 Travis Scott McDonald s Deal Marks First Celebrity Meal Since Michael Jordan in 1992 Variety Retrieved November 12 2020 Saxena Jaya October 6 2020 McDonald s Partners With J Balvin Following the Huge Success of the Travis Scott Meal Eater Retrieved November 12 2020 LeBron set to sign deal with Pepsi sources say ESPN com January 16 2021 LeBron James signs deal with Sprite Cleveland19 Shanfeld Ethan April 20 2021 BTS Meal Coming to McDonald s in May Variety Retrieved May 25 2021 Mars rover Curiosity s other mission publicity machine Statesman com December 5 2012 Archived from the original on January 15 2013 Retrieved March 9 2013 a b Daytona 500 champ gets McDonald s sponsorship Fox News February 25 2010 Retrieved December 16 2020 Bill Elliott McDonald s to reunite Motorsport com Motorsport Network August 25 2004 Retrieved December 16 2020 Spire Motorsports partners with CGR to field Daytona 500 car for Jamie McMurray Spire Motorsports NASCAR January 18 2019 Retrieved December 16 2020 McDonald s set to race with Kyle Larson No 42 team in 2019 Chip Ganassi Racing NASCAR January 18 2019 Retrieved December 16 2020 Long Dustin April 13 2020 McDonald s Credit One Bank Clover terminate sponsorship of Kyle Larson NBC Sports Retrieved December 16 2020 McDonald s to Sponsor Wallace Richard Petty Motorsports Press release Motor Racing Network February 21 2019 Retrieved December 16 2020 Wallace opts out of the No 43 at season s end Fulton Sun AP September 12 2020 Retrieved December 16 2020 Pockrass Bob bobpockrass December 14 2020 Chip Ganassi Racing will also have sponsorship from McDonalds in 2021 McDonalds is one of the five sponsors announced today by 23XI Racing Tweet Retrieved December 16 2020 via Twitter Estrada Chris December 14 2020 23XI Racing reveals founding partners for 2021 season NBC Sports Retrieved December 16 2020 McHappy Day Ronald McDonald House Charities Retrieved September 12 2010 McHappy Day Archived April 25 2013 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved November 8 2010 Donor Turns Fast Food Into Big Bucks For Hospital The New York Times December 8 1995 Retrieved May 24 2010 The night time McRefugees of Hong Kong BBC News October 27 2015 Retrieved October 10 2016 Dennis McLellan April 16 2004 Phil Sokolof 82 Used His Personal Fortune in Fight Against High Fat Foods Los Angeles Times Retrieved August 11 2017 McLibel Longest case in English history BBC News Retrieved April 9 2015 Schlosser Eric 2000 Fast Food Nation archive nytimes com Retrieved June 11 2021 Letter from McDonald s headquarters claiming fries are vegetarian Archived from the original on July 11 2011 Retrieved November 6 2006 Merriam Webster McJob is here to stay CNN Offbeat News Associated Press November 11 2003 Archived from the original on April 12 2008 McMansion Merriam Webster Online Dictionary Merriam Webster Unabridged Merriam Webster Retrieved February 12 2021 Garfield Leanna Millennials are ditching the cookie cutter McMansion for the McModern Business Insider Retrieved February 12 2021 Cowen March 1 2013 Study reveals McDonalds to be pick of the litter Sunshine Coast Daily Retrieved February 6 2020 According to a study by litter prevention organisation Keep Australia Beautiful KAB McDonalds packaging accounted for 17 7 of discarded trash found in the state McGregorTan Research September 2012 National Branded Litter Study 2011 12 PDF Archived from the original PDF on April 29 2013 Retrieved February 6 2020 McDonald s cooking oil trans fat free in U S Canada Reuters May 23 2008 Retrieved August 14 2020 Sweney Mark April 20 2006 Not bad for a McJob The Guardian London Retrieved March 30 2009 National Pollution Prevention Center for Higher Education PDF Archived PDF from the original on August 18 2000 McDonald s and Environmental Defense Fund Mark 20 Years of Partnerships for Sustainability Environmental Defense Fund November 15 2010 Retrieved November 28 2013 It s like Connacht winning against the All Blacks Supermac s CEO responds to Big Mac trademark success against McDonald s Independent ie Retrieved January 18 2019 End of the McBully Supermac s wins trademark case against McDonald s RTE January 15 2019 Retrieved January 15 2020 EU strips McDonald s of its Big Mac trademark in Europe The Independent January 15 2019 Archived from the original on May 12 2022 Retrieved January 18 2019 Like a Big Mac But Juicier Burger King renames sandwiches to troll McDonald s The Guardian McDonald s Will the Growing Cooperation Between France s Tax and Prosecution Authorities Erode Taxpayers Rights news bloombergtax com Retrieved July 27 2022 BBC online news article dated September 8 2009 News BB co uk Balakrishnan Nandini December 30 2016 Cakes Without The Halal Logo Will Not Be Allowed In McD s SAYS McDonald s fined for employing underage workers ABC News April 12 2007 Archived from the original on April 18 2007 Retrieved April 12 2007 McLibel Longest case in English history BBC News February 15 2005 Retrieved January 17 2016 McDonalds apologises for playing explicit rap track at 9 30 am in Wales Gigwise November 21 2013 Retrieved August 29 2015 McDonald s Apologizes for Playing a Rucka Rucka Ali Song in Wales Bloomberg BusinessWeek November 21 2013 Retrieved August 29 2015 Stone Anthony November 21 2013 McDonald s sorry over rap lyrics Yahoo News McCoppin Suzy November 26 2013 Controversial Rapper Rucka Rucka Ali Seeks Apology from McDonald s Popdust a b Weiman Darryl S July 1 2018 The McDonalds Coffee Case Huffington Post Retrieved August 25 2018 a b Goodman Amy January 25 2011 Do You Know the Full Story Behind the Infamous McDonald s Coffee Case and How Corporations Used it to Promote Tort Reform Democracy Now Johnston Louis Williamson Samuel H 2022 What Was the U S GDP Then MeasuringWorth Retrieved February 12 2022 United States Gross Domestic Product deflator figures follow the Measuring Worth series McDonald s workers sue over sexual harassment toxic work culture Reuters November 13 2019 Retrieved November 13 2019 Further readingAshenfelter Orley and Stepan Jurajda Minimum Wages Wages and Price Pass Through The Case of McDonald s Restaurants Journal of Labor Economics 40 S1 2022 S179 S201 abstract Bryman Alan McDonald s as a Disneyized institution Global implications American Behavioral Scientist 47 2 2003 154 167 online Derdak Thomas and Jay P Pederson ed 2004 McDonald s International directory of company histories 3rd ed St James Press pp 108 9 ISBN 978 1 55862 512 9 Eckhardt Giana M and Michael J Houston Cultural paradoxes reflected in brand meaning McDonald s in Shanghai China Journal of International Marketing 10 2 2002 68 82 online Evans Stephen April 20 2004 McDonald s The journey to health BBC News Retrieved June 30 2016 Horovitz Bruce May 8 2014 McDonald s testing seasoned fries USA Today Retrieved June 30 2016 Kincheloe Joe The complex politics of McDonald s and the new childhood Colonizing kidworld International Critical Childhood Policy Studies Journal 4 1 2011 1 46 online Kincheloe Joe L The sign of the burger McDonald s and the culture of power Temple University Press 2002 Kottak Conrad P Rituals at McDonald s Journal of American culture 1 2 1978 370 376 online dead link Kroc Ray Grinding It Out The Making of McDonald s 1977 ISBN 0809282593 a primary source Langert Bob The battle to do good Inside McDonald s sustainability journey 2019 Livesey Sharon M McDonald s and the Environmental Defense Fund A case study of a green alliance Journal of Business Communication 1973 36 1 1999 5 39 Love John F McDonald s Behind The Arches 1995 online Napoli Lisa Ray amp Joan The Man Who Made the McDonald s Fortune and the Woman Who Gave It All Away 2016 ISBN 1101984953 Ram Uri Glocommodification How the global consumes the local McDonald s in Israel Current Sociology 52 1 2004 11 31 online Royle Tony Working for McDonald s in Europe the unequal struggle Routledge 2004 Schlosser Eric Fast Food Nation The Dark Side of the All American Meal by 2001 ISBN 0395977894 Smith Andrew F ed Encyclopedia of Junk Food and Fast Food 2006 Tien Nguyen Hoang Customization and Standardization of the Business Strategy of Foreign Enterprises in Vietnam the McDonald s Case and the Fast Food Sector International journal of research in marketing management and sales 1 2 2019 44 50 online Vignali Claudio McDonald s think global act local the marketing mix British food journal 2001 online dead link Watson James L ed Golden arches east McDonald s in East Asia Stanford University Press 2006 excerptExternal linksMcDonald s at Wikipedia s sister projects Media from Commons News from Wikinews Quotations from Wikiquote Texts from Wikisource Textbooks from Wikibooks Travel information from Wikivoyage Resources from Wikiversity Data from Wikidata Official website Corporate website Business data for McDonald s GoogleSEC filingsYahoo Portals Food United States Companies Chicago Illinois Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title McDonald 27s amp oldid 1129675381, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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