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Comparison of the glyphs of Hentaigana. From the left is Meiji period, 1975, 2004, 2017.
Today, with few exceptions,[b] there is only one hiragana for each of the forty-five moras that are written without diacritics or digraphs. However, traditionally there were generally several more-or-less interchangeable hiragana for each. A 1900 script reform[c] ordained that only one selected character be used for each mora, with the rest deemed hentaigana. Today, although not normally used in publication, hentaigana are still used in shop signs and brand names to create a traditional or antiquated air.
Hiragana originate in man'yōgana, a system where kanji were used to write sounds without regard to their meaning. There was more than one kanji that could be used equivalently for each syllable (at the time, a syllable was a mora). Over time the man'yōgana was reduced to a cursive form, the hiragana. Many hentaigana derive from different kanji from the ones for the now-standard hiragana, but some are the result of different styles of cursive writing. As hentaigana have derived from man'yōgana, there are hundreds of different hentaigana used to represent only 90 moras of the Japanese language.
Katakana have variant forms, too. For example, (ネ) and (ヰ).[4] However, katakana's variant forms are fewer than hiragana's ones. Katakana's choices of man'yōgana segments had stabilized early on and established – with few exceptions – an unambiguous phonemic orthography (one symbol per sound) long before the 1900 script regularization.[5]
Standardized hentaigana
Prior to the proposal which led to the inclusion of hentaigana in Unicode 10.0, they were already standardized into a list by Mojikiban, part of the Japanese Information-technology Promotion Agency (IPA).[6]
Hentaigana are adapted from the reduced and cursive forms of the following man’yōgana (kanji) characters.[9] Source characters for the kana are not repeated below for hentaigana even when there are alternative glyphs; some uncertain.
286 hentaigana characters are included in the Unicode Standard in the Kana Supplement and Kana Extended-A blocks. One character was added to Unicode version 6.0 in 2010, 𛀁 (U+1B001 HIRAGANA LETTER ARCHAIC YE which has the formal alias HENTAIGANA LETTER E-1), and the remaining 285 hentaigana characters were added in Unicode version 10.0 in June 2017.[10]
The Unicode block for Kana Supplement is U+1B000–U+1B0FF:
The hiragana syllabic n (ん) derives from a cursive form of the character 无, and originally signified /mu͍/, the same as む. The spelling reform of 1900 separated the two uses, declaring that む could only be used for /mu͍/ and ん could only be used for syllable-final /ɴ/. Previously, in the absence of a character for the syllable-final /ɴ/, the sound was spelled (but not pronounced) identically to /mu͍/, and readers had to rely on context to determine what was intended. This ambiguity has led to some modern expressions based on what are, in effect, spelling pronunciations.[example needed]
Modern usage
A soba restaurant: the sign reads "生𛁛𛂦 𛂁𛀚井" kisoba nagai. Written right-to-left, kisoba has the kanji 生 ki, and hentaigana𛁛𛂦, derived from the kanji 楚 so and ba (者 ha with ゛ [dakuten]). The black vertical text nagai has 奈 na, ga (可 ka with ゛), both also below, and the kanji 井 i.
Hentaigana are considered obsolete, but a few marginal uses remain. For example, otemoto (chopsticks), is written in hentaigana on some wrappers and many soba shops use hentaigana to spell kisoba on their signs. (See also: "Ye Olde" for "the old" on English signs.)
Hentaigana are used in some formal handwritten documents, particularly in certificates issued by classical Japanese cultural groups (e.g., martial art schools, etiquette schools, religious study groups, etc.). Also, they are occasionally used in reproductions of classic Japanese texts, akin to the use of blackletter in English and other Germanic languages to give an archaic flair. Modern poems may be composed and printed in hentaigana for visual effect.[11]
However, most Japanese people are unable to read hentaigana nowadays, only recognizing a few from their common use in shop signs, or figuring them out from context.
Gallery
Some of the following hentaigana are cursive forms of the same kanji as their standard hiragana counterparts, but simplified differently. Others descend from unrelated kanji that represent the same sound.
^The hentai (変体: "variant" or "irregular form") in this word is not the same as the hentai (変態) which means "abnormal" or "pervert".
^The only major exceptions are the hiragana ゐ, ゑ, and を, which historically represented the moras /wi/, /we/, and /wo/. However, due to sound changes that occurred in Japanese, they are now pronounced as /i/, /e/, and /o/, identically to い, え, and お.
^The reform was decreed in the 1900 revision of the Regulations on the Enforcement of the Elementary School Ordinance (小学校令施行規則, Shōgakkō-rei Shikōkisoku) for primary school education.[3]
References
^笹原宏之, 横山詔, Eric Long (2003). 現代日本の異体字. 三省堂. pp. 35–36. ISBN4-385-36112-6.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^Tranter, Nicolas (2012). The Languages of Japan and Korea. Routledge. p. 218. ISBN978-0-415-46287-7.
^. Archived from the original on 2018-09-29. Retrieved 2018-09-29.
^. mojikiban.ipa.go.jp. The Kanji 㐂 derived from the Hentaigana of 喜. Archived from the original on 2018-09-29. Retrieved 2018-11-19.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
^Iannacone, Jake (2020). "Reply to The Origin of Hiragana /wu/ 平仮名のわ行うの字源に対する新たな発見"
L2/15-239 Proposal for Japanese HENTAIGANA - Unicode
January 07, 2023
hentaigana, this, article, expanded, with, text, translated, from, corresponding, article, japanese, august, 2021, click, show, important, translation, instructions, view, machine, translated, version, japanese, article, machine, translation, like, deepl, goog. This article may be expanded with text translated from the corresponding article in Japanese August 2021 Click show for important translation instructions View a machine translated version of the Japanese article Machine translation like DeepL or Google Translate is a useful starting point for translations but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate rather than simply copy pasting machine translated text into the English Wikipedia Consider adding a topic to this template there are already 3 254 articles in the main category and specifying topic will aid in categorization Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low quality If possible verify the text with references provided in the foreign language article You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing Japanese Wikipedia article at ja 変体仮名 see its history for attribution You should also add the template Translated ja 変体仮名 to the talk page For more guidance see Wikipedia Translation In the Japanese writing system hentaigana 変体仮名 変体 がな Japanese pronunciation hentaiɡana or hentaꜜiɡana lit variant kana a are variant forms of hiragana 2 Hentaigana変体仮名 変体がな 變體仮名 變體がな itaigana 異体仮名 1 Script typeSyllabaryTime periodc 800 1900 CE minor use at presentLanguagesJapaneseRelated scriptsParent systemsOracle Bone ScriptSeal ScriptClerical ScriptRegular script kanji Man yōganaHentaiganaSister systemsKatakana HiraganaISO 15924ISO 15924Hira 410 HiraganaUnicodeUnicode aliasHiraganaUnicode rangeU 1B000 U 1B0FF Kana SupplementU 1B100 U 1B12F Kana Extended A This article contains phonetic transcriptions in the International Phonetic Alphabet IPA For an introductory guide on IPA symbols see Help IPA For the distinction between and see IPA Brackets and transcription delimiters This article contains hentaigana characters Without proper rendering support you may see question marks boxes or other symbols instead of hentaigana Contents 1 History 2 Standardized hentaigana 3 Sources of hentaigana 4 In Unicode 5 Development of the hiragana syllabic n 6 Modern usage 7 Gallery 8 See also 9 Notes 10 References 11 External linksHistory Edit 現今児童重宝記 開化実益 1886 Comparison of the glyphs of Hentaigana From the left is Meiji period 1975 2004 2017 Today with few exceptions b there is only one hiragana for each of the forty five moras that are written without diacritics or digraphs However traditionally there were generally several more or less interchangeable hiragana for each A 1900 script reform c ordained that only one selected character be used for each mora with the rest deemed hentaigana Today although not normally used in publication hentaigana are still used in shop signs and brand names to create a traditional or antiquated air Hiragana originate in man yōgana a system where kanji were used to write sounds without regard to their meaning There was more than one kanji that could be used equivalently for each syllable at the time a syllable was a mora Over time the man yōgana was reduced to a cursive form the hiragana Many hentaigana derive from different kanji from the ones for the now standard hiragana but some are the result of different styles of cursive writing As hentaigana have derived from man yōgana there are hundreds of different hentaigana used to represent only 90 moras of the Japanese language Katakana have variant forms too For example ネ and ヰ 4 However katakana s variant forms are fewer than hiragana s ones Katakana s choices of man yōgana segments had stabilized early on and established with few exceptions an unambiguous phonemic orthography one symbol per sound long before the 1900 script regularization 5 Standardized hentaigana EditPrior to the proposal which led to the inclusion of hentaigana in Unicode 10 0 they were already standardized into a list by Mojikiban part of the Japanese Information technology Promotion Agency IPA 6 a i u e o あ 安 い 以 う 宇 え 衣 お 於 𛀂 安 𛀅 惡 𛀃 愛 𛀄 阿 𛀆 以 𛀇 伊 𛀈 意 𛀉 移 𛀊 宇 𛀋 宇 𛀌 憂 𛀍 有 𛀎 雲 𛀁 江 𛀏 盈 𛀐 縁 𛀑 衣 𛀒 衣 𛀓 要 𛀔 於 𛀕 於 𛀖 隱 k か 加 き 幾 く 久 け 計 こ 己 𛀗 佳 𛀘 加 𛀙 可 𛀚 可 𛀛 嘉 𛀢 家 𛀜 我 𛀝 歟 𛀞 賀 𛀟 閑 𛀠 香 𛀡 駕 𛀣 喜 7 𛀤 幾 𛀥 幾 𛀦 支 𛀻 期 𛀧 木 𛀨 祈 𛀩 貴 𛀪 起 𛀫 久 𛀬 久 𛀭 九 𛀮 供 𛀯 倶 𛀰 具 𛀱 求 𛀳 介 𛀲 介 𛀢 家 𛀴 希 𛀵 氣 𛀶 計 𛀷 遣 𛀸 古 𛂘 子 𛀹 故 𛀻 期 𛀺 許 s さ 左 し 之 す 寸 せ 世 そ 曾 𛀼 乍 𛀽 佐 𛀾 佐 𛀿 左 𛁀 差 𛁁 散 𛁂 斜 𛁃 沙 𛁄 之 𛁅 之 𛁆 事 𛁇 四 𛁈 志 𛁉 新 𛁊 受 𛁋 壽 𛁌 數 𛁍 數 𛁎 春 𛁏 春 𛁐 須 𛁑 須 𛁒 世 𛁓 世 𛁔 世 𛁕 勢 𛁖 聲 𛁗 所 𛁘 所 𛁙 曾 𛁚 曾 𛁛 楚 𛁜 蘇 𛁝 處 t た 太 ち 知 つ 州 て 天 と 止 𛁞 堂 𛁟 多 𛁠 多 𛁡 當 𛁢 千 𛁣 地 𛁤 智 𛁥 知 𛁦 知 𛁧 致 𛁨 遲 𛁩 川 𛁪 川 𛁫 津 𛁬 都 𛁭 徒 𛁮 亭 𛁯 低 𛁰 傳 𛁱 天 𛁲 天 𛁳 天 𛁴 帝 𛁵 弖 𛁶 轉 𛂎 而 𛁷 土 𛁸 度 𛁹 東 𛁺 登 𛁻 登 𛁼 砥 𛁽 等 𛁭 徒 n な 奈 に 仁 ぬ 奴 ね 祢 の 乃 𛁾 南 𛁿 名 𛂀 奈 𛂁 奈 𛂂 奈 𛂃 菜 𛂄 那 𛂅 那 𛂆 難 𛂇 丹 𛂈 二 𛂉 仁 𛂊 兒 𛂋 爾 𛂌 爾 𛂍 耳 𛂎 而 𛂏 努 𛂐 奴 𛂑 怒 𛂒 年 𛂓 年 𛂔 年 𛂕 根 𛂖 熱 𛂗 禰 𛂘 子 𛂙 乃 𛂚 濃 𛂛 能 𛂜 能 𛂝 農 h は 波 ひ 比 ふ 不 へ 部 ほ 保 𛂞 八 𛂟 半 𛂠 婆 𛂡 波 𛂢 盤 𛂣 盤 𛂤 破 𛂥 者 𛂦 者 𛂧 葉 𛂨 頗 𛂩 悲 𛂪 日 𛂫 比 𛂬 避 𛂭 非 𛂮 飛 𛂯 飛 𛂰 不 𛂱 婦 𛂲 布 𛂳 倍 𛂴 弊 𛂵 弊 𛂶 遍 𛂷 邊 𛂸 邊 𛂹 部 𛂺 保 𛂻 保 𛂼 報 𛂽 奉 𛂾 寶 𛂿 本 𛃀 本 𛃁 豊 m ま 末 み 美 む 武 め 女 も 毛 𛃂 万 𛃃 末 𛃄 末 𛃅 滿 𛃆 滿 𛃇 萬 𛃈 麻 𛃖 馬 𛃉 三 𛃊 微 𛃋 美 𛃌 美 𛃍 美 𛃎 見 𛃏 身 𛃐 武 𛃑 無 𛃒 牟 𛃓 舞 𛄝 无 𛄞 无 𛃔 免 𛃕 面 𛃖 馬 𛃗 母 𛃘 毛 𛃙 毛 𛃚 毛 𛃛 茂 𛃜 裳 𛄝 无 𛄞 无 y や 也 𛀆 以 ゆ 由 𛀁 江 よ 与 𛃝 也 𛃞 也 𛃟 屋 𛃠 耶 𛃡 耶 𛃢 夜 𛀆 以 𛃣 游 𛃤 由 𛃥 由 𛃦 遊 𛀁 江 𛃧 代 𛃨 余 𛃩 與 𛃪 與 𛃫 與 𛃬 餘 𛃢 夜 r ら 良 り 利 る 留 れ 礼 ろ 呂 𛃭 羅 𛃮 良 𛃯 良 𛃰 良 𛁽 等 𛃱 利 𛃲 利 𛃳 李 𛃴 梨 𛃵 理 𛃶 里 𛃷 離 𛃸 流 𛃹 留 𛃺 留 𛃻 留 𛃼 累 𛃽 類 𛃾 禮 𛃿 礼 𛄀 連 𛄁 麗 𛄂 呂 𛄃 呂 𛄄 婁 𛄅 樓 𛄆 路 𛄇 露 w わ 和 ゐ 為 汙 8 ゑ 恵 を 遠 𛄈 倭 𛄉 和 𛄊 和 𛄋 王 𛄌 王 𛄍 井 𛄎 井 𛄏 居 𛄐 爲 𛄑 遺 𛄒 惠 𛄓 衞 𛄔 衞 𛄕 衞 𛄖 乎 𛄗 乎 𛄘 尾 𛄙 緒 𛄚 越 𛄛 遠 𛄜 遠 𛀅 惡 n ん 无 𛄝 无 𛄞 无 To view hentaigana special fonts need to be installed that support Hentaigana such as BabelStone Han IPA MJ Mincho Version 5 01 and later Hanazono Mincho Hanazono Mincho AFDKO UniHentaiKanaThe glyph for example Hiragana wu also needs a special font to display such as Uraniwa Mincho XSources of hentaigana EditHentaigana are adapted from the reduced and cursive forms of the following man yōgana kanji characters 9 Source characters for the kana are not repeated below for hentaigana even when there are alternative glyphs some uncertain Kanji origins of kana Hiragana Katakana HentaiganaO あ 安 阿 悪亜愛い 以 伊 意移異夷う 宇 有雲憂羽于え 衣 江 要盈得縁延お 於 隱K か 加 閑可我駕賀歌哥香家嘉歟謌佳き 機幾 支起貴喜祈季木く 久 倶具求九供け 計 介 遣氣 気 希个こ 己 許故古期興子S さ 左 散 佐斜沙差乍狭し 之 志四新事斯師す 寸 須 春數壽爪せ 世 勢聲瀬そ 曽 曾 所楚處蘇T た 太 多 當堂田佗ち 知 千 地遲治致智池馳つ 川 川州 徒都津頭て 天 停亭轉弖帝傳偏氐低と 止 東登度等斗刀戸土N な 奈 那難名南菜に 仁 仁二 爾耳二児丹尼而ぬ 奴 怒努駑ね 祢 禰 年子熱念音根寢の 乃 能濃農廼野H は 波 八 者盤半葉頗婆芳羽破ひ 比 日飛悲非火避備妣ふ 不 婦布風へ 部 旁倍遍弊邊閉敝幣反變 変 辨經ほ 保 寶 宝 本報奉穂M ま 末 万満萬眞馬間麻摩漫み 美 三 見微身民む 武 牟 無 无 舞務夢め 女 免面馬目妻も 毛 母裳茂蒙藻Y や 也 夜耶屋哉𛀆 以ゆ 由 遊游𛀁 江 衣よ 與 与 代餘余世夜R ら 良 羅蘭落等り 利 梨里離理季る 留 流 累類れ 礼 禮 連麗豊 豐 ろ 呂 婁 娄 樓路露侶廬魯論W わ 和 王倭ゐ 為 井 居委遺 汙 宇ゑ 恵 惠 衛 衞 彗を 遠 乎 越尾緒 N ん 无 尓 爾 In Unicode EditMain articles Kana Supplement Unicode block and Kana Extended A Unicode block 286 hentaigana characters are included in the Unicode Standard in the Kana Supplement and Kana Extended A blocks One character was added to Unicode version 6 0 in 2010 𛀁 U 1B001 HIRAGANA LETTER ARCHAIC YE which has the formal alias HENTAIGANA LETTER E 1 and the remaining 285 hentaigana characters were added in Unicode version 10 0 in June 2017 10 The Unicode block for Kana Supplement is U 1B000 U 1B0FF Kana Supplement 1 Official Unicode Consortium code chart PDF 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E FU 1B00x 𛀀 𛀁 𛀂 𛀃 𛀄 𛀅 𛀆 𛀇 𛀈 𛀉 𛀊 𛀋 𛀌 𛀍 𛀎 𛀏U 1B01x 𛀐 𛀑 𛀒 𛀓 𛀔 𛀕 𛀖 𛀗 𛀘 𛀙 𛀚 𛀛 𛀜 𛀝 𛀞 𛀟U 1B02x 𛀠 𛀡 𛀢 𛀣 𛀤 𛀥 𛀦 𛀧 𛀨 𛀩 𛀪 𛀫 𛀬 𛀭 𛀮 𛀯U 1B03x 𛀰 𛀱 𛀲 𛀳 𛀴 𛀵 𛀶 𛀷 𛀸 𛀹 𛀺 𛀻 𛀼 𛀽 𛀾 𛀿U 1B04x 𛁀 𛁁 𛁂 𛁃 𛁄 𛁅 𛁆 𛁇 𛁈 𛁉 𛁊 𛁋 𛁌 𛁍 𛁎 𛁏U 1B05x 𛁐 𛁑 𛁒 𛁓 𛁔 𛁕 𛁖 𛁗 𛁘 𛁙 𛁚 𛁛 𛁜 𛁝 𛁞 𛁟U 1B06x 𛁠 𛁡 𛁢 𛁣 𛁤 𛁥 𛁦 𛁧 𛁨 𛁩 𛁪 𛁫 𛁬 𛁭 𛁮 𛁯U 1B07x 𛁰 𛁱 𛁲 𛁳 𛁴 𛁵 𛁶 𛁷 𛁸 𛁹 𛁺 𛁻 𛁼 𛁽 𛁾 𛁿U 1B08x 𛂀 𛂁 𛂂 𛂃 𛂄 𛂅 𛂆 𛂇 𛂈 𛂉 𛂊 𛂋 𛂌 𛂍 𛂎 𛂏U 1B09x 𛂐 𛂑 𛂒 𛂓 𛂔 𛂕 𛂖 𛂗 𛂘 𛂙 𛂚 𛂛 𛂜 𛂝 𛂞 𛂟U 1B0Ax 𛂠 𛂡 𛂢 𛂣 𛂤 𛂥 𛂦 𛂧 𛂨 𛂩 𛂪 𛂫 𛂬 𛂭 𛂮 𛂯U 1B0Bx 𛂰 𛂱 𛂲 𛂳 𛂴 𛂵 𛂶 𛂷 𛂸 𛂹 𛂺 𛂻 𛂼 𛂽 𛂾 𛂿U 1B0Cx 𛃀 𛃁 𛃂 𛃃 𛃄 𛃅 𛃆 𛃇 𛃈 𛃉 𛃊 𛃋 𛃌 𛃍 𛃎 𛃏U 1B0Dx 𛃐 𛃑 𛃒 𛃓 𛃔 𛃕 𛃖 𛃗 𛃘 𛃙 𛃚 𛃛 𛃜 𛃝 𛃞 𛃟U 1B0Ex 𛃠 𛃡 𛃢 𛃣 𛃤 𛃥 𛃦 𛃧 𛃨 𛃩 𛃪 𛃫 𛃬 𛃭 𛃮 𛃯U 1B0Fx 𛃰 𛃱 𛃲 𛃳 𛃴 𛃵 𛃶 𛃷 𛃸 𛃹 𛃺 𛃻 𛃼 𛃽 𛃾 𛃿Notes 1 As of Unicode version 15 0The Unicode block for Kana Extended A is U 1B100 U 1B12F Kana Extended A 1 2 Official Unicode Consortium code chart PDF 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E FU 1B10x 𛄀 𛄁 𛄂 𛄃 𛄄 𛄅 𛄆 𛄇 𛄈 𛄉 𛄊 𛄋 𛄌 𛄍 𛄎 𛄏U 1B11x 𛄐 𛄑 𛄒 𛄓 𛄔 𛄕 𛄖 𛄗 𛄘 𛄙 𛄚 𛄛 𛄜 𛄝 𛄞 U 1B12x Notes 1 As of Unicode version 15 0 2 Grey areas indicate non assigned code pointsDevelopment of the hiragana syllabic n EditThis section does not cite any sources Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed August 2021 Learn how and when to remove this template message Modern hiragana n The hiragana syllabic n ん derives from a cursive form of the character 无 and originally signified mu the same as む The spelling reform of 1900 separated the two uses declaring that む could only be used for mu and ん could only be used for syllable final ɴ Previously in the absence of a character for the syllable final ɴ the sound was spelled but not pronounced identically to mu and readers had to rely on context to determine what was intended This ambiguity has led to some modern expressions based on what are in effect spelling pronunciations example needed Modern usage Edit A soba restaurant the sign reads 生𛁛𛂦 𛂁𛀚井 kisoba nagai Written right to left kisoba has the kanji 生 ki and hentaigana 𛁛𛂦 derived from the kanji 楚 so and ba 者 ha with dakuten The black vertical text nagai has 奈 na ga 可 ka with both also below and the kanji 井 i Hentaigana are considered obsolete but a few marginal uses remain For example otemoto chopsticks is written in hentaigana on some wrappers and many soba shops use hentaigana to spell kisoba on their signs See also Ye Olde for the old on English signs Hentaigana are used in some formal handwritten documents particularly in certificates issued by classical Japanese cultural groups e g martial art schools etiquette schools religious study groups etc Also they are occasionally used in reproductions of classic Japanese texts akin to the use of blackletter in English and other Germanic languages to give an archaic flair Modern poems may be composed and printed in hentaigana for visual effect 11 However most Japanese people are unable to read hentaigana nowadays only recognizing a few from their common use in shop signs or figuring them out from context Gallery EditSome of the following hentaigana are cursive forms of the same kanji as their standard hiragana counterparts but simplified differently Others descend from unrelated kanji that represent the same sound 以 い i 江 え e 於 お o 可 か ka ga 起 き ki gi 古 こ ko go 志 し shi ji 春 す su zu 多 た ta da 奈 な na 能 の no 者 は ha ba 由 ゆ yu 連 れ re 路 ろ ro 王 わ waSee also EditFurigana RomajiNotes Edit The hentai 変体 variant or irregular form in this word is not the same as the hentai 変態 which means abnormal or pervert The only major exceptions are the hiragana ゐ ゑ and を which historically represented the moras wi we and wo However due to sound changes that occurred in Japanese they are now pronounced as i e and o identically to い え and お The reform was decreed in the 1900 revision of the Regulations on the Enforcement of the Elementary School Ordinance 小学校令施行規則 Shōgakkō rei Shikōkisoku for primary school education 3 References Edit 笹原宏之 横山詔 Eric Long 2003 現代日本の異体字 三省堂 pp 35 36 ISBN 4 385 36112 6 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint multiple names authors list link 異体字とは コトバンク Frellesvig Bjarke 2010 07 29 A History of the Japanese Language Cambridge University Press p 160 ISBN 978 1 139 48880 8 小学略則教授法 五十音図 Tranter Nicolas 2012 The Languages of Japan and Korea Routledge p 218 ISBN 978 0 415 46287 7 Mj文字情報一覧表 変体仮名編 Archived from the original on 2018 09 29 Retrieved 2018 09 29 MJ文字情報一覧表 変体仮名編 mojikiban ipa go jp The Kanji 㐂 derived from the Hentaigana of 喜 Archived from the original on 2018 09 29 Retrieved 2018 11 19 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint others link Iannacone Jake 2020 Reply to The Origin of Hiragana wu 平仮名のわ行うの字源に対する新たな発見 伊地知 鉄男 1966 仮名変体集 新典社 Unicode 10 0 0 Unicode Consortium June 20 2017 Retrieved June 21 2017 The Japan Interpreter Center for Japanese Social and Political Studies 1976 p 395 External links Edit Look up hentaigana in Wiktionary the free dictionary Wikimedia Commons has media related to Hentaigana for Juminhyō Chart of hentaigana calligraphy from O Neill s A Reader of Handwritten Japanese Archived 2006 07 07 at the Wayback Machine A chart of hentaigana hosted by Jim Breen of the WWWJDIC Chart of kana from Engelbert Kaempfer circa 1693 Hentaigana on signs in Japanese L2 15 239 Proposal for Japanese HENTAIGANA Unicode Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Hentaigana amp oldid 1122359273, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
