List of wars involving Croatia

The following is an incomplete list of wars fought by Croatia, by Croatian people or regular armies during periods when independent Croatian states existed, from the Early Middle Ages to the present day. The list gives the name, the date, combatants, and the result of these conflicts following this legend:

Seal of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Croatia

Croatian victory

Croatian defeat

Another result (e.g. a treaty or peace without a clear result, status quo ante bellum, result of civil or internal conflict, result unknown or indecisive)

Duchy of Croatia (7th century–925)

Date	Conflict	Combatant 1	Combatant 2	Result
7th century–925	Croatian–Venetian wars	Narentines Duchy of Croatia	Republic of Venice	Intermittent victories and defeats
799	Siege of Trsat	Duchy of Croatia	Francia	Victory
846–848	Croatian-Byzantine War	Duchy of Croatia	Zadar under the Byzantine strategos	Victory
854	First Bulgarian-Croatian War	Duchy of Croatia	First Bulgarian Empire	Peace agreement
871	Conquest of Bari	Holy Roman Empire   Lombard principalities Duchy of Croatia (Croatian fleet)	Emirate of Bari	Victory

Kingdom of Croatia (925–1102)

Date	Conflict	Combatant 1	Combatant 2	Result
c. 925	Hungarian Invasions of Croatia	Kingdom of Croatia	Hungarian tribes	Victory
925–931	Second Croatian-Bulgarian War	Kingdom of Croatia	First Bulgarian Empire	Victory
968–1018	Byzantine conquest of Bulgaria	Byzantine Empire   Kievan Rus' (until 969)   Kingdom of Hungary   Kingdom of Croatia Principality of Duklja	First Bulgarian Empire   Kievan Rus' (970–971) Pechenegs	Victory
997–1000	Third Croatian-Bulgarian War	Kingdom of Croatia	First Bulgarian Empire	Victory
c. 1040–1185	Byzantine–Norman wars	Kingdom of France   Kingdom of Sicily   Lombard duchies   Papal States   Kingdom of Croatia   Raška and Duklja	Byzantine Empire   Republic of Venice   Holy Roman Empire	Victory
1091–1102	War of the Croatian Succession	Kingdom of Croatia Allies of king Petar Snačić	Kingdom of Hungary Allies among Croatian nobles in Slavonia	Defeat Death of king Petar Snačić Croatia enters into a personal union with the Kingdom of Hungary

Croatia in personal union with Hungary (1102–1527)

Date	Conflict	Combatant 1	Combatant 2	Result
1108	Hungarian war with the Holy Roman Empire	Kingdom of Hungary   Kingdom of Croatia	Holy Roman Empire   Duchy of Bohemia	Victory
1108–1126	Hungarian-Bohemian wars	Kingdom of Hungary   Kingdom of Croatia	Duchy of Bohemia	Peace agreement
1115–1119	Croatian-Venetian War	Kingdom of Hungary   Kingdom of Croatia	Republic of Venice	Defeat
1123	Stephen II's intervention in the Kievan Rus' internal conflict	Kingdom of Hungary Iaroslav Sviatopolkovich	Kievan Rus'	Hungarian withdrawal
1124–1125	Croatian-Venetian War	Kingdom of Hungary   Kingdom of Croatia	Republic of Venice	Defeat
1127–1129	Byzantine-Hungarian War	Kingdom of Hungary Grand Principality of Serbia	Byzantine Empire	Peace agreement
1132	Hungarian-Polish War	Kingdom of Hungary   Margraviate of Austria	Kingdom of Poland	Victory
1136–1137	Béla II's Balkan campaigns against Venice and the Byzantine Empire	Kingdom of Hungary   Kingdom of Croatia	Byzantine Empire   Republic of Venice	Victory
1146	German-Hungarian War	Kingdom of Hungary	Duchy of Bavaria   Margraviate of Austria	Victory
1149–1152	Géza II's intervention in the conflict between the Principality of Halych and Kievan Rus'	Kingdom of Hungary   Kievan Rus'	Principality of Halych	Peace agreement
1148–1155	Hungarian-Byzantine wars	Kingdom of Hungary Grand Principality of Serbia	Byzantine Empire	Ceasefire
1162–1165	Hungarian civil war between Stephen III and his uncles Ladislaus and Stephen	Kingdom of Hungary   Holy Roman Empire	Ladislaus and Stephen's army   Byzantine Empire	Stephen III's victory
1180–1185	Hungarian-Byzantine war	Kingdom of Hungary	Byzantine Empire	Victory
1188–1189	Béla III's military campaign against Halych	Kingdom of Hungary	Principality of Halych	Victory
1197–1199	Civil war between Emeric king and his brother Andrew II	Kingdom of Hungary   Kingdom of Croatia	Andrew II's army	Emeric's victory
1201–1205	Emeric's Balkan wars	Kingdom of Hungary   Kingdom of Croatia	Second Bulgarian Empire   Banate of Bosnia Grand Principality of Serbia	Croatian/Hungarian victories
1202–1204	Fourth Crusade	Kingdom of Hungary   Kingdom of Croatia	Crusaders of the Fourth Crusade   Republic of Venice	Defeat
1217–1218	Andrew II's participation in the Fifth crusade	Kingdom of Hungary   Kingdom of Croatia Archduchy of Austria   Latin Empire	Ayyubids	Croatian/Hungarian withdrawal
1235–1241	Bosnian Crusade	Coloman of Galicia	Banate of Bosnia	Status quo ante bellum
1241–1242	First Mongol invasion of Hungary	Kingdom of Hungary   Kingdom of Croatia	Mongols	Mongol withdrawal
1243	Venetian War for Zadar	Kingdom of Hungary   Kingdom of Croatia	Republic of Venice	Defeat
1250–1278	Hungarian-Bohemian wars	Kingdom of Hungary   Holy Roman Empire	Kingdom of Bohemia   Duchy of Austria	Victory
1264–1265	Internal conflict between Béla IV and his son Stephen V	Kingdom of Hungary   Kingdom of Croatia	Stephen V's army	Stephen V's victory Stephen V gets Eastern Hungary as a duchy
1268	Mačva War	Béla IV of Hungary	Kingdom of Serbia	Peace agreement
1272–1279	Feudal anarchy	Ladislaus IV king of Hungary Csák family	Kőszegi family Gutkeled family	Royal victory
1277	Stefan Dragutin-Stefan Uroš I conflict	Stefan Dragutin   Kingdom of Hungary	Stefan Uroš I	Stefan Dragutin's victory
1277	Hungary's war with the Vlach ruler Litovoi	Kingdom of Hungary	Litovoi's army	Victory
1282	Cuman uprising	Kingdom of Hungary	Cumans	Victory
1285–1286	Second Mongol invasion of Hungary	Kingdom of Hungary	Golden Horde	Victory
1291	German-Hungarian War	Kingdom of Hungary	Holy Roman Empire	Victory
1292–1300	Andrew III's war with the Kőszegi family	Kingdom of Hungary	Kőszegi family	Andrew III's victory
1301–1308	Hungarian interregnum, struggles for the country's throne	Charles of Anjou   Kingdom of Croatia   Duchy of Austria Máté Csák's army László Kán's army	Kingdom of Bohemia   Duchy of Bavaria Kőszegi family	Victory Charles I becomes Croatian and Hungarian king
1310–1321	Charles I's wars for centralizing power against Croatian and Hungarian aristocracy	Kingdom of Hungary	Máté Csák Aba family Borsa family Apor family Kőszegi family	Royal victory Centralization of the Hungarian Kingdom
1322	Feudal and dynastic conflicts in Croatia	Coalition of Croatian noblemen and Dalmatian coastal towns with support of the royal forces of king Charles I Robert	Mladen II Šubić of Bribir and his allies	Defeat of Mladen II
1322–1337	Hungarian-Austrian War	Kingdom of Hungary	Duchy of Austria   Holy Roman Empire Kőszegi family Babonić family	Status quo ante bellum
1321–1324	Hungarian-Serbian War	Kingdom of Hungary Kingdom of Bosnia Stephen Vladislav II of Syrmia	Kingdom of Serbia	Defeat
1330	Hungarian-Wallachian War	Kingdom of Hungary	Wallachia	Hungarian defeat at the battle of Posada
1347–1349 1350–1352	Neapolitan campaigns of Louis the Great	Kingdom of Hungary  Kingdom of Croatia	Kingdom of Naples	First campaign: Croatian/Hungarian victory Second campaign: Status quo ante bellum
1345–1358	Croatian-Venetian War	Kingdom of Hungary  Kingdom of Croatia	Republic of Venice	Victory Treaty of Zadar
1345	Hungarian war with the Golden Horde for Moldavia	Kingdom of Hungary	Golden Horde	Victory Liberation of Moldavia under Mongol rule
1360–1369	Louis I's Balkan wars against Serbia, Bulgaria, Wallachia and Bosnia	Kingdom of Hungary	Serbian Empire   Second Bulgarian Empire   Wallachia   Kingdom of Bosnia	Temporary Hungarian victories
1372–1381	War of Chioggia	Padua   Kingdom of Hungary   Republic of Genoa   Duchy of Austria	Republic of Venice   Milan   Ottoman Empire   Kingdom of Cyprus	Paduan military victory, practically status quo ante bellum
1384–1394	Civil war between a part of the Hungarian nobility and Mary, Queen of Hungary and Emperor Sigismund	Kingdom of Hungary	Horváti family   Kingdom of Naples	Emperor Sigismund's victory
1366–1526	Ottoman–Hungarian wars	Kingdom of Hungary   Kingdom of Croatia   Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth   Wallachia   Moldavia   Serbian Despotate	Ottoman Empire   Moravian Serbia	Defeat Final defeat at the Battle of Mohács Hungarian Kingdom partitioned War continues between the Habsburgs and Ottomans
1411–1433	Croatian-Venetian War	Kingdom of Hungary   Kingdom of Croatia   Duchy of Milan	Republic of Venice	Defeat Dalmatia becomes part of Venice
1419–1434	Hussite Wars	Holy Roman Empire   Kingdom of Hungary	Hussites	Victory
1428–1432	War of the South Danube	Kingdom of Hungary   Wallachia   Grand Duchy of Lithuania	Ottoman Empire	Ceasefire
1437–1442	Hungarian-Ottoman border conflicts, Ottoman raids in Southern Hungary and Transylvania	Kingdom of Hungary	Ottoman Empire	Victory
1440–1442	Civil war between Wladyslaw I and Ladislaus	Kingdom of Poland Hungarian nobles	Cillei family and other Hungarian nobles	Peace agreement Wladyslaw is accepted as Hungarian king
1443–1444	Long campaign	Kingdom of Hungary	Ottoman Empire	Hungarian withdrawal
1458–1459	Matthias I's war with Ján Jiskra	Kingdom of Hungary	Jiskra's soldiers	Royal victory
1458–1465	War in Bosnia	Kingdom of Hungary	Ottoman Empire	Inconclusive A part of Bosnia is occupied by the Ottoman Empire
1471–1476	Matthias Corvinus' intervention in the Moldovian-Ottoman War	Kingdom of Hungary Moldavia	Ottoman Empire	Inconclusive After initial Hungarian and Moldavian victories, Hungary stopped supporting Moldavia Stephen III of Moldavia becomes a vassal of the Ottoman Empire
1480–1481	Ottoman invasion of Otranto	Kingdom of Naples   Kingdom of Aragon   Kingdom of Hungary	Ottoman Empire	Victory
1482–1488	Austrian-Hungarian War	Kingdom of Hungary	Holy Roman Empire	Victory
1490–1491	War of the Hungarian Succession	Kingdom of Bohemia	Holy Roman Empire   Kingdom of Poland (the two countries were not allies)	Inconclusive The Bohemian king, Wladislaus won over the Polish army and got the Hungarian throne Wladislaus is defeated by the Holy Roman Empire, which reconquered Vienna and the other parts of Austria
1492–1493	The Black Army's uprising	Kingdom of Hungary	Black Army	Victory Destruction of the Black Army
1514	Peasant revolt led by György Dózsa	Kingdom of Hungary	Peasant rebels	Revolt suppressed
1493–1593	Hundred Years' Croatian–Ottoman War	Until 1526:   Kingdom of Croatia   Kingdom of Hungary From 1527:   Habsburg monarchy	Until 1526:   Ottoman Empire From 1527:   Ottoman Empire   Eyalet of Bosnia	Inconclusive Expansion of the Ottoman Empire in Europe was stopped in Battle of Sisak 1593.

Croatia within the Habsburg Monarchy (1527–1918)

Date	Conflict	Combatant 1	Combatant 2	Result
1573	Croatian–Slovene Peasant Revolt	Croatian, Styrian and Carniolan nobility Uskoks	Croatian and Slovenian peasant rebels	Peasant defeat
1593–1606	Long Turkish War	Holy Roman Empire   Habsburg monarchy   Electorate of Saxony   Kingdom of Hungary   Kingdom of Croatia   Transylvania   Wallachia   Moldavia   Spain   Zaporozhian Cossacks   Serbian Hajduks   Papal States   Tuscany   Knights of St. Stephen   Duchy of Ferrara   Duchy of Mantua   Duchy of Savoy	Ottoman Empire   Crimean Khanate   Nogai Horde	Inconclusive Peace of Zsitvatorok
1618–1648	Thirty Years' War	Imperial alliance:   Habsburg Monarchy   Spanish Empire   Bavaria   Catholic League Croatian cavalry in the Catholic League	Anti-Imperial alliance:   France   Sweden   Dutch Republic   Hesse-Kassel	Peace of Westphalia Some sources claim that Swedish Emperor Gustavus Adolphus was killed by Croatian cavalrymen during the Battle of Lützen
1663–1664	Austro-Turkish War	Holy Roman Empire   Electorate of Saxony   Brandenburg-Prussia   Habsburg monarchy   Electorate of Bavaria   Piedmont-Savoy   Kingdom of Croatia   Kingdom of Hungary League of the Rhine:   Baden-Baden   Swabia   Kingdom of France	Ottoman Empire   Crimean Khanate   Moldavia   Wallachia	Austria and allies military victory Ottoman commercial and diplomatic victory^[1] Peace of Vasvár
1683–1699	Great Turkish War	Holy Roman Empire   Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth   Tsardom of Russia   Cossack Hetmanate   Kingdom of Croatia   Kingdom of Hungary   Republic of Venice   Duchy of Mantua   Spanish Empire   Prince-Bishopric of Montenegro Serbian rebels Greek rebels Bulgarian rebels	Ottoman Empire   Crimean Khanate   Moldavia Principality of Upper Hungary (until 1685)   Wallachia  Transylvania	Victory Treaty of Karlowitz Most of the territories were regained, except for lands known as Turkish Croatia
1716–1718	Austro-Turkish War	Habsburg monarchy Croats in the Habsburg Imperial Army	Ottoman Empire	Victory Treaty of Passarowitz
1788–1791	Austro-Turkish War	Habsburg monarchy Croats in the Habsburg Imperial Army	Ottoman Empire	Inconclusive Treaty of Sistova
1803–1815	Napoleonic Wars	Austrian Empire Croats in the Imperial Austrian Army	French Republic (1792–1804)   First French Empire (1804–1815) Various client states Croats of the Grande Armée	Victory Congress of Vienna
1848–1849	Hungarian Revolution of 1848	Austrian Empire   Kingdom of Croatia   Serbian Vojvodina   Serbian volunteers   Pro-Habsburg Hungarians   Slovak National Council   Transylvanian Romanians   Supreme Ruthenian Council   Czech volunteers   Bohemian and Moravian volunteers   Transylvanian Saxons   Russian Empire	Kingdom of Hungary   Legions of the revolutionaries from German states   Polish legions   Italian legions Viennese legion Hungarian Germans Hungarian Slovenes Pro-Hungarian Slovaks Pro-Hungarian Romanians Rusyns Zipser Saxons Croats from Western Hungary and Muraköz Šokac and Bunjevac people Banat Bulgarians Hungarian Jews	Victory Surrender at Világos Josip Jelačić was instrumental in defeating the Hungarians
1866	Third Italian War of Independence	Principality of Liechtenstein   Austrian Empire   Kingdom of Dalmatia (Croatian sailors)	Kingdom of Italy	Military Victory, Diplomatic Defeat Austria cedes Venetia to France, and France than cedes it to Italy
1878	Austro-Hungarian campaign in Bosnia and Herzegovina	Austria-Hungary   Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia   Kingdom of Dalmatia	Bosnia Vilayet   Ottoman Empire (not openly)	Victory Occupation of Bosnia and Herzegovina
1899–1901	Boxer Rebellion	Eight-Nation Alliance:   United Kingdom   Russia   Japan   France   United States   Germany   Italy   Austria-Hungary   Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia   Kingdom of Dalmatia	Boxers   Qing dynasty	Victory
1914–1918	World War I	Central Powers:   Austria-Hungary   Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia   Kingdom of Dalmatia   Germany   Ottoman Empire   Bulgaria	Allied Powers:   Russia   France   British Empire   Serbia   Montenegro   Belgium   Japan   Italy   Portugal   Romania   United States   Hejaz   Greece   Brazil   Siam	Defeat

Kingdom of Yugoslavia, WWII and post-war Yugoslavia (1918–1991)

Date	Conflict	Combatant 1	Combatant 2	Result
1918-1920	Revolutions and interventions in Hungary	Czechoslovakia   Kingdom of Romania   Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes   Republic of Prekmurje   Kingdom of Hungary   France	Hungarian Republic   Hungarian SR   Slovak SR	Victory Hungarian defeat Collapse of the Hungarian Soviet Republic Partial Romanian occupation of Hungary Treaty of Trianon Miklós Horthy takes power as Regent of Hungary
1918–1929	Austro-Slovene conflict in Carinthia	State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs   Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (from 1 December 1918)	Republic of German-Austria   Carinthia   First Austrian Republic (from 1919)	Ceasefire In Carinthian plebiscite southeastern Carinthia votes in favour of joining Austria Territorial changes are coordinated by Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye
1919	Christmas Uprising	Montenegrin Whites   Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes	Montenegrin Greens   Kingdom of Italy	Victory The uprising was put down
1920-1921	Koplik War	Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes	Principality of Albania	Mixed results Yugoslavs are forced to withdraw due to international pressure United Kingdom insists on slight adaptations in the regions of Debar, Prizren and Kastrati in the interest of Yugoslavia
1921	Albanian-Yugoslav Border War	Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes   Kingdom of Greece   Republic of Mirdita	Principality of Albania	Peace brokered by the League of Nations Recognition of Albanian sovereignty and borders Mirdita rebels disbanded
1941	Axis Invasion of Yugoslavia	Kingdom of Yugoslavia   Banovina of Croatia	Germany   Italy   Bulgaria   Hungary	Defeat Occupation of Yugoslavia Partition of parts of Yugoslavia between the Axis Creation of pro-Axis puppet regimes in Serbia and Montenegro Axis establish the puppet state Independent State of Croatia
1941–1945	World War II in Yugoslavia	Allies:   Soviet Union   Poland   Czechoslovakia (from 1943)   Tuva (until 1944)^[2]   Romania (from 1944)   Bulgaria (from 1944)   Finland (from 1944)   Yugoslav Partisans   Democratic Federal Yugoslavia (1943–1945)   Federal State of Croatia (1943–1945) Aerial role only:   Free France (1943–1945)   United Kingdom (1941)   United States (1944)	Axis powers:   Nazi Germany^[3]   Romania (until 1944)   Hungary   Italy (until 1943)   Bulgaria (until 1944) Axis puppet states:   Slovakia   Government of Nation Salvation   Independent State of Croatia Co-belligerents:   Finland (until 1944)	Victory End of World War II in Europe (concurrently with the Western Front) Soviet Union occupies Eastern Europe and establishes pro-Soviet Communist governments in countries including Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Poland, Romania, and East Germany SR Croatia becomes a federal constituent of the Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia Beginning of the Cold War and the creation of the Iron Curtain The beginning of the Greek Civil War Borders of Poland adjusted
1945–1965	Anti-Communist Resistance in Yugoslavia	Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia   People's Republic of Croatia	Croatian Insurgents   Serbian Insurgents	Victory Most Anti-Communist Insurgents were defeated
1946-1949	Greek Civil War	Provisional Democratic Government of Greece Supported by:   Soviet Union   People's Socialist Republic of Albania   Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia   People's Republic of Croatia	Kingdom of Greece Supported by:   United Kingdom   United States	Defeat Hellenic Army victory 100,000 ELAS fighters and communist sympathizers serving in DSE ranks were imprisoned, exiled, or executed
1948-1954	Albanian–Yugoslav conflict	Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia   People's Republic of Croatia	People's Socialist Republic of Albania	Defeat Albanian victory
1975–2002	Angolan Civil War	MPLA   SWAPO   MK   Cuba   East Germany   Soviet Union   Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia   Socialist Republic of Croatia	UNITA   FNLA   FLEC   South Africa   Zaire	Victory Withdrawal of all foreign forces in 1989 Dissolution of the armed forces of FNLA Participation of UNITA and FNLA, as political parties, in the new political system, from 1991 and 1992 onward, but civil war continues Immediate peace agreement and dissolution of the armed forces of UNITA in 2002 Resistance of FLEC continued beyond 2002

Republic of Croatia (1991–present)

Date	Conflict	Combatant 1	Combatant 2	Result
1991–1995	Croatian War of Independence	Republic of Croatia Supported by:   Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina (1994–1995)   Military Professional Resources Inc.^[4](1994–1995)	SFR Yugoslavia (1991-1992)   Republic of Serbian Krajina   Republika Srpska Supported by:   FR Yugoslavia (1992-1995)	Victory Croatian forces regain control over most of RSK-held Croatian territory Croatian forces advance into Bosnia and Herzegovina which helps lead to the eventual end of the Bosnian War
1992–1995	Bosnian War	Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina   Croatian Republic of Herzeg-Bosnia   Republic of Croatia Supported by:   NATO (bombing operations, 1995)	SFR Yugoslavia (until 27 April 1992)   AP Western Bosnia   Republika Srpska   Republic of Serbian Krajina Supported by:   FR Yugoslavia	Stalemate Internal partition of Bosnia and Herzegovina according to the Dayton Accords Over 38,200 civilian casualties, mainly from the Bosnian Muslim ethnic group^[5]^[6] Almost 57,700 soldiers killed^[5]^[6] First case of genocide in Europe since World War II Deployment of NATO-led forces to oversee the peace agreement NATO successful bombing operations Establishment of the Office of the High Representative to oversee the civilian implementation of the peace agreement
1992–1994	Croat-Bosniak War	Croatian Republic of Herzeg-Bosnia Supported by:   Republic of Croatia	Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina Supported by:   Bosnian mujahideen   Croatian Defence Forces (until 1993)	Inconclusive Washington Agreement Creation of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina
2001–2021	War in Afghanistan	Islamic Republic of Afghanistan   NATO   Republic of Croatia in the International Security Assistance Force and during the Resolute Support Mission	ISAF phase (from 2001):   Taliban Islamic Jihad Union Haqqani network (from 2002)   al-Qaeda RS phase (from 2015):   ISIL-KP Lashkar-e-Jhangvi Pakistani Taliban	Defeat Invasion of Afghanistan Fall of the Taliban government in Afghanistan Destruction of al-Qaeda camps Over two thirds of al-Qaeda's leadership demolished Occupation of Afghanistan Establishment of a new Afghan Government and Security Force Taliban insurgency Execution of Osama bin Laden Taliban victory, establishment of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan Islamic State–Taliban conflict

References

1. Ágoston, Gábor (2009). "Hungary". In Ágoston, Gábor; Bruce Masters (eds.). Encyclopedia of the Ottoman Empire. pp. 256–7.
2. Toomas Alatalu. Tuva: A State Reawakens. Soviet Studies, Vol. 44, No. 5 (1992), pp. 881–895.
3. Germany's allies, in total, provided a significant number of troops and material to the front. There were also numerous foreign units recruited by Germany, notably the   Spanish Blue Division and the   Legion of French Volunteers Against Bolshevism.
4. Singer, P.W. (2003-06-01). Corporate Warriors: The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry. Cornell University Press. pp. 119–125. ISBN 9780801441141.
5. Calic, Marie–Janine (2012). "Ethnic Cleansing and War Crimes, 1991–1995". In Ingrao, Charles W.; Emmert, Thomas A. (eds.). Confronting the Yugoslav Controversies: A Scholars' Initiative. West Lafayette, IN: Purdue University Press. pp. 139–140. ISBN 978-1-55753-617-4. Footnotes in source identify numbers as June 2012.
6. "Spolna i nacionalna struktura žrtava i ljudski gubitci vojnih formacija (1991–1996)". Prometej.