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Slovenian ethnic territory was once more extensive than today, extending from Friuli in northeast Italy to Lake Balaton in Hungary. The Magyars settled the eastern part of this area in the early 10th century, and Prekmurje (along with Croatia and Slovakia) eventually became part of the Kingdom of Hungary. Thus Slovenes living east of the Mura River developed a separate identity from those west of the river under Austrian control as Prekmurje Slovenians. The Prekmurje Slovene language (Hungarian: Vend nyelv) became distinctive. In the 16th and 18th centuries, numerous Slovene families from the Mura and Raba valleys settled in Somogy County.
History
During World War I, the leaders of the Slovene minority in Prekmurje were mostly Catholic priests and Lutheran ministers. After the collapse of Austria-Hungary, together with secular leaders (but with diverging political views), the Catholic Prekmurje clerics sided with the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes. However, the Lutheran Slovenes still supported Hungarian rule. The Catholic party wished to proclaim an independent state, whereas the Lutheran Slovenes and Hungarians of Prekmurje supported remaining under Hungarian authority.
The (mutinous) Croatian Army annexed Prekmurje in 1918, but the 83rd Hungarian Infantry Regiment recaptured it. Soon, the Truce of Belgrade in 1918 gave Mura and Raba Country to Hungary, but the Serbs had second thoughts and sought to extend their area of control northwards to create a Yugoslav-Czechoslovak border.
On March 21, 1919, the Hungarian communists and Social Democrats created the Hungarian Soviet Republic, which was anti-religious, internationalist, and pro-Soviet. The communists wanted to expropriate the ecclesiastical assets, starting with all the lordships. The Lutherans and the Catholics resisted this. In order to be rid of the communists, the Catholic Party decided to create an autonomous republic. The Hungarian and Slovenian socialists wanted to establish a Soviet system in Prekmurje, but there was little support and few people gave aid to the Soviet Republic. In Međimurje the Serbian and Croatian military aligned themselves against Prekmurje.
In Lendava, the anti-communist military campaign started off well but soon fell apart. In Murska Sobota the socialist Vilmos Tkálecz, a former schoolmaster and soldier in the first World War, was involved in illegal trade, which the communist statutes forbade. Tkálecz was not a leftist, Yugoslav, or pro-Hungarian. On May 29, Tkálecz and some followers declared independence from Hungary. Tkálecz invoked the Fourteen Points of Woodrow Wilson, which granted autonomy rights for national minorities. The new state recognized Austria in order to receive some weapons, together with those from Hungarian military units. However, Tkálecz frustrated the Catholics; the people of Prekmurje did not support the republic.
The Prekmurje Republic sought to expand its boundaries and received minute pieces of land: In Murska Sobota, the Republic received the territory of the districts of Murska Sobota, Lendava, Szentgotthárd, and some villages in the Őrség area, and already possessed the northern, central, and southwestern Mura march districts. The principal settlements of the republic were Murska Sobota, Szentgotthárd, Lendava, Beltinci, and Dobrovnik.
Commemoration of football crackers for the 100th Anniversary of the Republic of Prekmurje in Murska Sobota (May 29, 2019)
Aftermath
On June 6, 1919, the Hungarian Red Army marched into Prekmurje and overthrew the republic. Tkálecz fled to Austria. A communist militia spread over the land and murdered all their opponents. In addition, a five million crown indemnity was laid upon the people and a harsh Red Terror was continued by the occupying militia.
In 1920, Tkálecz was living in Hungary in the village of Nagykarácsony in (Fejér County) as a schoolmaster. The 1920 Treaty of Trianon established the present Hungarian borders.
Population
The population of the Prekmurje Republic was approximately 100,000, of which 20,000 to 22,000 were Hungarians; other large minorities included a German minority of 8,000 (especially in the villages of Alsószölnök, Fikšinci, Kramarovci and Ocinje) and a Croat minority of 3,000. Other ethnic groups included Jews and Roma. The religious composition was one third Lutheran, over half Catholic, and some Calvinist and Jewish minorities. In a few villages, Roma speak Prekmurje Slovenian or Hungarian as their native languages.
^Kosi, Jernej (2020). "Summer of 1919: A Radical, Irreversible, Liberating Break in Prekmurje/Muravidék?". The Hungarian Historical Review. 9 (1): 51–68. ISSN 2063-8647.
External links
Media related to Republic of Prekmurje at Wikimedia Commons
July 03, 2023
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This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Republic of Prekmurje news newspapers books scholar JSTOR March 2023 Learn how and when to remove this template message You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in Hungarian November 2009 Click show for important translation instructions View a machine translated version of the Hungarian article Machine translation like DeepL or Google Translate is a useful starting point for translations but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate rather than simply copy pasting machine translated text into the English Wikipedia Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low quality If possible verify the text with references provided in the foreign language article You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing Hungarian Wikipedia article at hu Vendvideki Koztarsasag see its history for attribution You should also add the template Translated hu Vendvideki Koztarsasag to the talk page For more guidance see Wikipedia Translation The Republic of Prekmurje Hungarian Vendvideki Koztarsasag Mura Koztarsasag Slovene Murska Republika Republika Prekmurje Prekmurje Slovene Reszpublika Szlovenszka okroglina Morszka Reszpublika was an unrecognized state in Prekmurje an area traditionally known in Hungarian as Vendvidek Wendic March 1 On June 6 1919 Prekmurje was incorporated into the newly established Kingdom of Serbs Croats and Slovenes renamed Yugoslavia in 1929 Republic of PrekmurjeMurska RepublikaRepublika Slovenska okroglinaRepublika PrekmurjeMura KoztarsasagVendvideki Koztarsasag1919 1919FlagStatusUnrecognized stateCapitalMurska SobotaGovernmentRepublicGovernor 1919Vilmos TkaleczHistorical eraWorld War I EstablishedMay 29 1919 DisestablishedJune 6 1919Preceded by Succeeded byAustria Hungary State of Slovenes Croats and SerbsKingdom of HungaryThe balcony in Murska Sobota from which Vilmos Tkalecz proclaimed the Republic of Prekmurje Curfew for Murska Sobota signed by Jozsef Pusztai The state bordered with Austria to the north Hungary to the east and the Kingdom of Serbs Croats and Slovenes to the west and south Contents 1 Origins 2 History 3 Aftermath 4 Population 5 See also 6 References 7 External linksOrigins EditSlovenian ethnic territory was once more extensive than today extending from Friuli in northeast Italy to Lake Balaton in Hungary The Magyars settled the eastern part of this area in the early 10th century and Prekmurje along with Croatia and Slovakia eventually became part of the Kingdom of Hungary Thus Slovenes living east of the Mura River developed a separate identity from those west of the river under Austrian control as Prekmurje Slovenians The Prekmurje Slovene language Hungarian Vend nyelv became distinctive In the 16th and 18th centuries numerous Slovene families from the Mura and Raba valleys settled in Somogy County History EditDuring World War I the leaders of the Slovene minority in Prekmurje were mostly Catholic priests and Lutheran ministers After the collapse of Austria Hungary together with secular leaders but with diverging political views the Catholic Prekmurje clerics sided with the Kingdom of Serbs Croats and Slovenes However the Lutheran Slovenes still supported Hungarian rule The Catholic party wished to proclaim an independent state whereas the Lutheran Slovenes and Hungarians of Prekmurje supported remaining under Hungarian authority The mutinous Croatian Army annexed Prekmurje in 1918 but the 83rd Hungarian Infantry Regiment recaptured it Soon the Truce of Belgrade in 1918 gave Mura and Raba Country to Hungary but the Serbs had second thoughts and sought to extend their area of control northwards to create a Yugoslav Czechoslovak border On March 21 1919 the Hungarian communists and Social Democrats created the Hungarian Soviet Republic which was anti religious internationalist and pro Soviet The communists wanted to expropriate the ecclesiastical assets starting with all the lordships The Lutherans and the Catholics resisted this In order to be rid of the communists the Catholic Party decided to create an autonomous republic The Hungarian and Slovenian socialists wanted to establish a Soviet system in Prekmurje but there was little support and few people gave aid to the Soviet Republic In Međimurje the Serbian and Croatian military aligned themselves against Prekmurje In Lendava the anti communist military campaign started off well but soon fell apart In Murska Sobota the socialist Vilmos Tkalecz a former schoolmaster and soldier in the first World War was involved in illegal trade which the communist statutes forbade Tkalecz was not a leftist Yugoslav or pro Hungarian On May 29 Tkalecz and some followers declared independence from Hungary Tkalecz invoked the Fourteen Points of Woodrow Wilson which granted autonomy rights for national minorities The new state recognized Austria in order to receive some weapons together with those from Hungarian military units However Tkalecz frustrated the Catholics the people of Prekmurje did not support the republic The Prekmurje Republic sought to expand its boundaries and received minute pieces of land In Murska Sobota the Republic received the territory of the districts of Murska Sobota Lendava Szentgotthard and some villages in the Orseg area and already possessed the northern central and southwestern Mura march districts The principal settlements of the republic were Murska Sobota Szentgotthard Lendava Beltinci and Dobrovnik Commemoration of football crackers for the 100th Anniversary of the Republic of Prekmurje in Murska Sobota May 29 2019 Aftermath EditOn June 6 1919 the Hungarian Red Army marched into Prekmurje and overthrew the republic Tkalecz fled to Austria A communist militia spread over the land and murdered all their opponents In addition a five million crown indemnity was laid upon the people and a harsh Red Terror was continued by the occupying militia On August 1 1919 the Hungarian Soviet Republic was overthrown by Romanian forces and soon the Yugoslav Army marched into Prekmurje ending communist rule there In 1920 Tkalecz was living in Hungary in the village of Nagykaracsony in Fejer County as a schoolmaster The 1920 Treaty of Trianon established the present Hungarian borders Population EditThe population of the Prekmurje Republic was approximately 100 000 of which 20 000 to 22 000 were Hungarians other large minorities included a German minority of 8 000 especially in the villages of Alsoszolnok Fiksinci Kramarovci and Ocinje and a Croat minority of 3 000 Other ethnic groups included Jews and Roma The religious composition was one third Lutheran over half Catholic and some Calvinist and Jewish minorities In a few villages Roma speak Prekmurje Slovenian or Hungarian as their native languages See also EditBanat Republic Former countries in Europe after 1815 Hungarian Slovenes List of historical unrecognized countries Pro independence movements in the Russian Civil War Serbian Hungarian Baranya Baja Republic Slovene March Kingdom of Hungary References Edit Kosi Jernej 2020 Summer of 1919 A Radical Irreversible Liberating Break in Prekmurje Muravidek The Hungarian Historical Review 9 1 51 68 ISSN 2063 8647 External links Edit Media related to Republic of Prekmurje at Wikimedia Commons Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Republic of Prekmurje amp oldid 1156940535, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
