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List of halal and kosher fish

January 06, 2023

This is a list of fish that are considered both halal by Jaʽfari Shia Muslims and kosher by Jews according to halakha.

Criteria of inclusion

The Jafari Shia Islam rules are approximately equivalent to kashrut rules. The two are generally the least inclusive, and are used as the basis of this article:

  • Both traditions require true fish scales. Specifically, Jafari Shia Islam excludes exoskeleton,[1][2] and Judaism requires visible scales.[3]
  • Judaism additionally requires fins, a rule that serves to limit the scope to true fish, and exclude animals with exoskeletons that may be interpreted as scales, such as shrimp.[3] All true fish with scales have fins, but the converse is not true.

All fish in this article have true (visible) fish scales, an endoskeleton, fins, and gills (as opposed to lungs). The requirement for gills is not part of any religious rule, but biologically it is an identifying characteristic of true fish. Any animal lacking any of the latter three features is not a fish, and is therefore not valid for this article.[4]: 343 

The rules are relaxed in some Islamic schools of thought, both Shia and Sunni. Some have looser definitions which include the exoskeleton of crustaceans as "scales", others yet include the softer exoskeletons of prawns as "scales" but exclude the harder exoskeletons of lobsters. They also differ in the definition of fish, some adopting a loose definition to include all water life ("sea game").

Kosher

According to the chok or divine decrees of the Torah and the Talmud, for a fish to be declared kosher, it must have scales and fins.[3]

The definition of "scale" differs from the definitions presented in biology, in that the scales of a kosher fish must be visible to the eye, present in the adult form, and can be easily removed from the skin either by hand or scaling knife.[3]

Thus, a grass carp, mirror carp, and salmon are kosher, whereas a shark, whose “scales” are microscopic dermal denticles, a sturgeon, whose scutes can not be easily removed without cutting them out of the body, and a swordfish, which loses all of its scales as an adult, are all not kosher.[3][5][6]

When a kosher fish is removed from the water, it is considered "slaughtered," and it is unnecessary to ritually kill it in the manner of kosher livestock. However, kosher law explicitly forbids the consumption of a fish while it is still alive.[3]

Fish with dairy

Although there is an opinion of Rabbi Yosef Karo of Safed (in his 16th-century legal commentary, Beit Yosef) that milk and fish should not be cooked or eaten together, Karo references the Shulhan Aruch (OC 173:2) which actually deals with meat, and not fish.

Most rabbinic authorities from that time onwards (including almost all Ashkenazi ones) have ruled that this was a scribal error, and there is neither Talmudic basis nor any other rabbinical precedent for prohibiting milk and fish, and thus permit such mixtures. Indeed, two passages in the Babylonian Talmud implicitly state that it is entirely permissible.[7]

Nevertheless, since Karo wrote that milk and fish should not be mixed, there are those who do not mix them.[8] The Chabad custom is not to eat fish together with actual milk, but to permit it where other dairy products are involved, so that adding a touch of butter or cream to the milk is sufficient to permit mixing it with fish.[9]

Halal

Sunni

In Sunni Islam, there are two general schools of thought. Most Sunni Muslim schools of jurisprudence (Shafi'i, Hanbali, and Maliki) hold as a general rule that all "sea game" (animals of the sea) are permissible to eat with a few minor exceptions. Thus, for example, the local dish Laksa (which includes meats such as shrimp and squid with a soup base made from shrimp paste), is deemed permissible in the Shafi'i Sunni Muslim majority nations of Indonesia and Malaysia where it is commonly consumed.

Hanafi

In the Hanafi school of Sunni Muslim jurisprudence, to which the majority population of Sunni Muslims belong to, only "fish" (as opposed to all "sea game") are permissible, including eel and hagfish.

Any other sea (or water) creatures which are not fish, therefore, are also makrooh whether they breathe oxygen from water through gills (such as prawns, lobsters and crabs which are crustaceans), mollusks such as clams, octopus, mussels and squid, especially if they breathe oxygen from air through lungs (such as sea turtles and sea snakes which are reptiles, dolphins and whales which are mammals, or semi-aquatic animals like penguins which are birds, saltwater crocodiles which are reptiles, seals which are mammals, and frogs which are amphibians).[10]

Shia

Shia Islam allows for consumption of certain fish. Any fish without scales are haram but fish that do have scales are permissible.[11] Shia scholars tend to teach that no other aquatic creatures are halal, with the exception of certain edible aquatic crustaceans (i.e., shrimps but not crabs),[12][13][14] which are also Halal like scaled fish.

List of permitted fish

References

  1. ^ Common Halal and Non-Halal Sea Foods. Al-Islam.org. Retrieved on 25 April 2015
  2. ^ Food & Drink - Permitted & Prohibited - Islamic-laws.com. Retrieved on 25 April 2015.
  3. ^ a b c d e f Aryeh Citron, "All About Kosher Fish"
  4. ^ Margolese, Faranak (2005). Off the Derech: Why Observant Jews Leave Judaism : How to Respond to the Challenge. Createspace.
  5. ^ Many authorities deem swordfish kosher; see "It is a widespread custom among all Jews to eat swordfish".
  6. ^ "What Is a Dermal Denticle?". ThoughtCo. Retrieved 7 July 2022.
  7. ^ Chullin 76b, 111b
  8. ^ Brody, Shlomo (25 February 2011). "Ask the Rabbi: On eating fish with milk". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 26 June 2019.
  9. ^ Posner, Menachem. "May Fish be Consumed with Dairy? Is Lox and Cream Cheese Kosher?". chabad.org.
  10. ^
    • Muhammad ibn Adam. "Sea Food in the Four Madhahib". Retrieved 27 April 2018.
    • Muhammad ibn Adam. "Is Catfish Halal?". Retrieved 27 April 2018.
    • Muhammad ibn Adam. "Is Shark Meat Halal?". Retrieved 27 April 2018.
  11. ^ "List of Halal Seafood". Halal Guidance. 6 July 2022. from the original on 6 July 2022.
  12. ^ "List of Halal Seafood (Shrimp)". Halal Guidance. 7 July 2022. Retrieved 7 July 2022.
  13. ^ Al-Raad, Abdur Raqeeb (20 June 2022). "Is Crab Halal or Haram? (Truth Explained)". Halal Wisdom. from the original on 7 July 2022. Retrieved 7 July 2022.
  14. ^ Al-Raad, Abdur Raqeeb (13 June 2021). "Is Shrimp Halal or Haram? (Truth Explained) | HalalWisdom". Halal Wisdom. from the original on 7 July 2022. Retrieved 7 July 2022.
  15. ^ "Common Kosher and Non Kosher Fish". The Kashrut Authority (Australia). (uses common names)
  16. ^ "Kosher Fish List". Chabad.org. Retrieved 13 March 2022.
  17. ^ "List of Halal Fish - Halal Fish List Guide With Fish Names List". Hajj Guides. Retrieved 13 March 2022.

External links

  • Kashrut.com: Kosher and non-kosher fish (contains scientific names; includes higher taxonomic ranks)
  • Kosher-maor.com: The world's largest kosher fish list (uses scientific names; includes higher taxonomic ranks)

January 06, 2023
list, halal, kosher, fish, been, suggested, that, this, article, should, split, into, multiple, articles, discuss, august, 2022, this, list, fish, that, considered, both, halal, jaʽfari, shia, muslims, kosher, jews, according, halakha, contents, criteria, incl. It has been suggested that this article should be split into multiple articles discuss August 2022 This is a list of fish that are considered both halal by Jaʽfari Shia Muslims and kosher by Jews according to halakha Contents 1 Criteria of inclusion 1 1 Kosher 1 1 1 Fish with dairy 1 2 Halal 1 2 1 Sunni 1 2 1 1 Hanafi 1 2 2 Shia 2 List of permitted fish 3 References 4 External linksCriteria of inclusion EditThe Jafari Shia Islam rules are approximately equivalent to kashrut rules The two are generally the least inclusive and are used as the basis of this article Both traditions require true fish scales Specifically Jafari Shia Islam excludes exoskeleton 1 2 and Judaism requires visible scales 3 Judaism additionally requires fins a rule that serves to limit the scope to true fish and exclude animals with exoskeletons that may be interpreted as scales such as shrimp 3 All true fish with scales have fins but the converse is not true All fish in this article have true visible fish scales an endoskeleton fins and gills as opposed to lungs The requirement for gills is not part of any religious rule but biologically it is an identifying characteristic of true fish Any animal lacking any of the latter three features is not a fish and is therefore not valid for this article 4 343 The rules are relaxed in some Islamic schools of thought both Shia and Sunni Some have looser definitions which include the exoskeleton of crustaceans as scales others yet include the softer exoskeletons of prawns as scales but exclude the harder exoskeletons of lobsters They also differ in the definition of fish some adopting a loose definition to include all water life sea game Kosher Edit According to the chok or divine decrees of the Torah and the Talmud for a fish to be declared kosher it must have scales and fins 3 The definition of scale differs from the definitions presented in biology in that the scales of a kosher fish must be visible to the eye present in the adult form and can be easily removed from the skin either by hand or scaling knife 3 Thus a grass carp mirror carp and salmon are kosher whereas a shark whose scales are microscopic dermal denticles a sturgeon whose scutes can not be easily removed without cutting them out of the body and a swordfish which loses all of its scales as an adult are all not kosher 3 5 6 When a kosher fish is removed from the water it is considered slaughtered and it is unnecessary to ritually kill it in the manner of kosher livestock However kosher law explicitly forbids the consumption of a fish while it is still alive 3 Fish with dairy Edit Although there is an opinion of Rabbi Yosef Karo of Safed in his 16th century legal commentary Beit Yosef that milk and fish should not be cooked or eaten together Karo references the Shulhan Aruch OC 173 2 which actually deals with meat and not fish Most rabbinic authorities from that time onwards including almost all Ashkenazi ones have ruled that this was a scribal error and there is neither Talmudic basis nor any other rabbinical precedent for prohibiting milk and fish and thus permit such mixtures Indeed two passages in the Babylonian Talmud implicitly state that it is entirely permissible 7 Nevertheless since Karo wrote that milk and fish should not be mixed there are those who do not mix them 8 The Chabad custom is not to eat fish together with actual milk but to permit it where other dairy products are involved so that adding a touch of butter or cream to the milk is sufficient to permit mixing it with fish 9 Halal Edit Sunni Edit In Sunni Islam there are two general schools of thought Most Sunni Muslim schools of jurisprudence Shafi i Hanbali and Maliki hold as a general rule that all sea game animals of the sea are permissible to eat with a few minor exceptions Thus for example the local dish Laksa which includes meats such as shrimp and squid with a soup base made from shrimp paste is deemed permissible in the Shafi i Sunni Muslim majority nations of Indonesia and Malaysia where it is commonly consumed Hanafi Edit In the Hanafi school of Sunni Muslim jurisprudence to which the majority population of Sunni Muslims belong to only fish as opposed to all sea game are permissible including eel and hagfish Any other sea or water creatures which are not fish therefore are also makrooh whether they breathe oxygen from water through gills such as prawns lobsters and crabs which are crustaceans mollusks such as clams octopus mussels and squid especially if they breathe oxygen from air through lungs such as sea turtles and sea snakes which are reptiles dolphins and whales which are mammals or semi aquatic animals like penguins which are birds saltwater crocodiles which are reptiles seals which are mammals and frogs which are amphibians 10 Shia Edit Shia Islam allows for consumption of certain fish Any fish without scales are haram but fish that do have scales are permissible 11 Shia scholars tend to teach that no other aquatic creatures are halal with the exception of certain edible aquatic crustaceans i e shrimps but not crabs 12 13 14 which are also Halal like scaled fish List of permitted fish EditThis list is incomplete you can help by adding missing items January 2021 This section may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia s quality standards The specific problem is might be more clear to list biological names species or higher taxa Please help improve this section if you can January 2021 Learn how and when to remove this template message Albacore Alewife Amberjack Anchovy Angelfish Ballyhoo Barracuda Atlantic Pomfret Bass Bigeye Family Priacanthidae Tautog Blacksmith Blue Marlin Blueback clarification needed Bluefish Bluegill Bocaccio Bombay duck Bonefish Bonito Bowfin Bream Brill Broadbill Buffalo fish Butter fish disambiguation needed Butterfly fish Cabrilla Calico bass Capelin Carp Carpsucker Cero Channel bass Char Chilean Sea Bass Chilipepper all species of Sebastes rockfish Chup Cichlid Cigarfish Cisco Coalfish Cobia Cod Common Snook Corbina Cottonwick Grunt Crappie Crevalle Jack Croaker Crucian carp Cubbyu Cunner Dab Damselfish Doctorfish Eulachon Flounder Flatfish Fluke Flyingfish Frostfish Giant gourami Gag grouper Mycteroperca microlepis Giant kelpfish Gizzard shad Goatfish Gobies Goldeye Goldfish Grayling Graysby Greenling Grouper Grunion Grunt Guavina Haddock Hake Halfbeak Halfmoon Halibut Hamlet fish Harvestfish Hawkfish Herring Hind Hogchoker Hogfish Hoki 15 Horse mackerel Jack mackerel Jacks including Pompanos Jacksmelt John Dory Kelpfish clarification needed Kingfish which Ladyfish Lafayette clarification needed Lake Herring Largemouth bass Lingcod Lizardfish Lookdown Mackerel Mahimahi Margate Menhaden Menpachi Milkfish awa Mojarras Mooneye Moonfish Mossbunker Mullet Muskellunge Mutton hamlet Muttonfish Needlefish Opaleye Palometa Parrotfish Patagonian Toothfish Perch Permit Pickerel Pigfish Pike Pikeperch Pilchard Pinfish Plaice Pollock Pomfret Porkfish Poutassou Prickleback Queenfish Quillback Redfish Roach Rock bass Rock hind Rockfish Rose fish Rohu Rudderfish Sablefish Saithe Salmon Sardine Sargo Sauger Scad Scorpionfish Scup Sea bass Sea chubs Sea perch Sea robin Sea trout Shad Sheepshead Archosargus probatocephalus 16 17 Sierra Silver hake Silverside Skipjack Smallmouth bass Smelts Sparidae Porgies and Sea bream Snappers including Bluestripe Sole Spadefish Spanish mackerel Spearing Splittail Spot Sprat Squawfish disambiguation needed Squirrelfish Steelhead Striped bass Sucker Sunfish Surfperch Surgeonfish Tarpon Tautog Temperate bass Tench Tenpounder Threadfin Tigerfish Tilapia Tilefish Tomcod Topsmelt Tripletail Trout Tuna Turbot Wahoo Walleye Walleye pollock Warmouth Weakfish White fish Whiting Wrasse Yellowtail Yellowtail snapperReferences Edit Common Halal and Non Halal Sea Foods Al Islam org Retrieved on 25 April 2015 Food amp Drink Permitted amp Prohibited Islamic laws com Retrieved on 25 April 2015 a b c d e f Aryeh Citron All About Kosher Fish Margolese Faranak 2005 Off the Derech Why Observant Jews Leave Judaism How to Respond to the Challenge Createspace Many authorities deem swordfish kosher see It is a widespread custom among all Jews to eat swordfish What Is a Dermal Denticle ThoughtCo Retrieved 7 July 2022 Chullin 76b 111b Brody Shlomo 25 February 2011 Ask the Rabbi On eating fish with milk The Jerusalem Post Retrieved 26 June 2019 Posner Menachem May Fish be Consumed with Dairy Is Lox and Cream Cheese Kosher chabad org Muhammad ibn Adam Sea Food in the Four Madhahib Retrieved 27 April 2018 Muhammad ibn Adam Is Catfish Halal Retrieved 27 April 2018 Muhammad ibn Adam Is Shark Meat Halal Retrieved 27 April 2018 List of Halal Seafood Halal Guidance 6 July 2022 Archived from the original on 6 July 2022 List of Halal Seafood Shrimp Halal Guidance 7 July 2022 Retrieved 7 July 2022 Al Raad Abdur Raqeeb 20 June 2022 Is Crab Halal or Haram Truth Explained Halal Wisdom Archived from the original on 7 July 2022 Retrieved 7 July 2022 Al Raad Abdur Raqeeb 13 June 2021 Is Shrimp Halal or Haram Truth Explained HalalWisdom Halal Wisdom Archived from the original on 7 July 2022 Retrieved 7 July 2022 Common Kosher and Non Kosher Fish The Kashrut Authority Australia uses common names Kosher Fish List Chabad org Retrieved 13 March 2022 List of Halal Fish Halal Fish List Guide With Fish Names List Hajj Guides Retrieved 13 March 2022 External links EditKashrut com Kosher and non kosher fish contains scientific names includes higher taxonomic ranks Kosher maor com The world s largest kosher fish list uses scientific names includes higher taxonomic ranks Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title List of halal and kosher fish amp oldid 1129292170, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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